DDI_NER_1992_DHS_v01_M_v02_A_IPUMS Minnesota Population Center September 25, 2019 NADA DDI Document version - Version 02 (March 2020) This version is identical to IPUMS Version 7 except for the following fields that were edited by World Bank: DDI ID and Study ID - adaptation version number changed to v02 as this is the subsequent DHS-IPUMS adaptation in World Bank catalog. Version 7 . Documentation of Demographic Household Survey data and harmonized variables as found in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS has distribution rights to the metadata and data. The XML documents generated by this process are viewed as a distribution of the metadata. Fields edited for the World Bank are: DDI ID and study ID to match World Bank study naming convention, as well as DDI Document Version and Version Description to reflect changed included in version 7. Variable ID's and names were changed to add the prefix W_, C_, B_, M_, or H_ to indicate file source as Woman, Child, Birth, Man, or Household Member respectively. This was done to create unique variable IDs and names within the file. These prefixes are not found in the IPUMS-DHS system. Original extract version date 2019-9-25. DDI metadata revised to add DOI number to stdyDscr/notes and correct assignment of variables to record types. All non-ANSI_Latin characters have been replaced.'' Demographic and Health Survey 1992 - IPUMS Subset DHS 1992 (IPUMS Harmonized Subset) NER_1992_DHS_v01_M_v02_A_IPUMS Direction de la Statistique et des Comptes Nationaux, Direction Générale du Plan, Ministère des Finances et du Plan [Niger] and Macro International Inc. Minnesota Population Center (c) Copyright , Direction de la Statistique et des Comptes Nationaux, Direction Générale du Plan, Ministère des Finances et du Plan [Niger] and Macro International Inc. and Minnesota Population Center NADA Direction de la Statistique et des Comptes Nationaux, Direction Générale du Plan, Ministère des Finances et du Plan [Niger] and Macro International Inc. Demographic and Health Survey [hh/dhs] Version 7. The datasets contain selected variables from the original microdata plus harmonized variables from the IPUMS-DHS database. Agricultural possessions Variables -- TOPICS Agricultural Variables -- TOPICS Breastfeeding and infant feeding Variables -- TOPICS Child antenatal care, general Variables -- TOPICS Child anthropometry Variables -- TOPICS Child delivery care, general Variables -- TOPICS Child demography core Variables -- TOPICS Child feeding, general Variables -- TOPICS Child health postpartum Variables -- TOPICS Child respiratory illness or fever Variables -- TOPICS Child respiratory illness, treatment Variables -- TOPICS Child's breastfeeding Variables -- TOPICS Child vaccination, general Variables -- TOPICS Core demographic Variables -- TOPICS Days child fed foods in past week Variables -- TOPICS Diarrhea, general Variables -- TOPICS Diarrhea, treatment Variables -- TOPICS Discussion of family planning Variables -- TOPICS DPT-HB-Hib vaccinations Variables -- TOPICS Education Variables -- TOPICS Environmental Variables -- TOPICS Ethnicity and religion Variables -- TOPICS Ever use of family planning Variables -- TOPICS Female anthropometry Variables -- TOPICS Female biometrics, general Variables -- TOPICS Fertility Variables -- TOPICS First or ever sexual experience Variables -- TOPICS First use of family planning Variables -- TOPICS Foods fed child in past 24 hours Variables -- TOPICS Future use of family planning Variables -- TOPICS General family planning Variables -- TOPICS General maternal and infant health Variables -- TOPICS General technical Variables -- TOPICS Geography, general Variables -- TOPICS Household demographic Variables -- TOPICS Housing Variables -- TOPICS Identifiers Variables -- TOPICS Information on family planning Variables -- TOPICS Integrated geography Variables -- TOPICS Knowledge of family planning Variables -- TOPICS Marriage and cohabitation Variables -- TOPICS Maternal antenatal care, general Variables -- TOPICS Maternal delivery care, general Variables -- TOPICS Measles vaccinations Variables -- TOPICS Media exposure Variables -- TOPICS Migration Variables -- TOPICS ORS treatment Variables -- TOPICS Other vaccinations Variables -- TOPICS Place for diarrhea treatment, CS Variables -- TOPICS Place for diarrhea treatment, general Variables -- TOPICS Polio vaccinations Variables -- TOPICS Possessions Variables -- TOPICS Recent sexual experience Variables -- TOPICS Recent use of family planning Variables -- TOPICS Single sample geography Variables -- TOPICS Social Variables -- TOPICS Source for respiratory treatment, CS Variables -- TOPICS Source for respiratory treatment, general Variables -- TOPICS Source of information on family planning Variables -- TOPICS Sterilization Variables -- TOPICS Survey dates Variables -- TOPICS Toilet and water Variables -- TOPICS Type of family planning method Variables -- TOPICS Weights and subsample selection Variables -- TOPICS Why not use family planning Variables -- TOPICS Work Variables -- TOPICS Niger Woman, Birth, Child, Man, Member Women age 15-49, Births, Children age 0-4, Husbands of women age 15-49, All persons Demographic and Household Survey [hh/dhs] MICRODATA SOURCE: Direction de la Statistique et des Comptes Nationaux, Direction Générale du Plan, Ministère des Finances et du Plan [Niger] and Macro International Inc. SAMPLE UNIT: Woman SAMPLE SIZE: 6503 SAMPLE UNIT: Birth SAMPLE SIZE: 23841 SAMPLE UNIT: Child SAMPLE SIZE: 6899 SAMPLE UNIT: Man SAMPLE SIZE: 1570 SAMPLE UNIT: Member SAMPLE SIZE: 34297 Face-to-face [f2f] None Direction de la Statistique et des Comptes Nationaux, Direction Générale du Plan, Ministère des Finances et du Plan [Niger] and Macro International Inc. Publications and research reports based on the IPUMS-DHS database must cite it appropriately. The citation should include the following: Elizabeth Heger Boyle, Miriam King and Matthew Sobek. IPUMS-Demographic and Health Surveys: Version 7 [dataset]. Minnesota Population Center and ICF, 2019. https://doi.org/10.18128/D080.V7 Researchers should also acknowledge the originally produced the data: Direction de la Statistique et des Comptes Nationaux, Direction Générale du Plan, Ministère des Finances et du Plan [Niger] and Macro International Inc. Niger Demographic and Health Survey 1992 [Dataset]. Data Extract from NIIR22.SAV, NIHR22.SAV, NIKR22.SAV, NIBR22.SAV, NIMR21.SAV, and NIPR22.SAV. IPUMS Demographic and Health Surveys (IPUMS DHS), version 7, IPUMS and ICF [Distributors]. Accessed from http://idhsdata.org on DATE. The licensing agreement for use of IPUMS-DHS data requires that users supply us with the title and full citation for any publications, research reports, or educational materials making use of the data or documentation. Please add your citation to the IPUMS bibliography at http://bibliography.ipums.org/. Users of IPUMS-DHS data must agree to abide by the access restrictions and terms of use set forth by the DHS Program: https://dhsprogram.com/data/Access-Instructions.cfm The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses. NER1992-B.dat Birth records 23841 NER1992-C.dat Child records 6899 NER1992-H.dat Household member records 34297 NER1992-M.dat Man records 1570 NER1992-W.dat Woman records 6503 IPUMS-DHS sample identifier IPUMS-DHS sample identifier IPUMS-DHS sample identifier IPUMS-DHS sample identifier IPUMS-DHS sample identifier 00101 Model 2015 00401 Afghanistan 2015 02401 Angola 2015 05001 Bangladesh 1994 05002 Bangladesh 1996-97 05003 Bangladesh 1999-00 05004 Bangladesh 2004 05005 Bangladesh 2007 05006 Bangladesh 2011 05007 Bangladesh 2014 10401 Myanmar 2015 10801 Burundi 1987 10802 Burundi 2010 10803 Burundi 2016 11601 Cambodia 2000 11602 Cambodia 2005 11603 Cambodia 2010 11604 Cambodia 2014 12001 Cameroon 1991 12002 Cameroon 1998 12003 Cameroon 2004 12004 Cameroon 2011 14801 Chad 1996-97 14802 Chad 2004 14803 Chad 2014 18001 Congo Democratic Republic 2007 18002 Congo Democratic Republic 2013-14 20401 Benin 1996 20402 Benin 2001 20403 Benin 2006 20404 Benin 2011 23101 Ethiopia 2000 23102 Ethiopia 2005 23103 Ethiopia 2011 23104 Ethiopia 2016 28801 Ghana 1988 28802 Ghana 1993 28803 Ghana 1998 28804 Ghana 2003 28805 Ghana 2008 28806 Ghana 2014 32001 Guatemala 1987 32002 Guatemala 1995 32003 Guatemala 2015 32401 Guinea 1999 32402 Guinea 2005 32403 Guinea 2012 35601 India 1992-93 35602 India 1998-99 35603 India 2005-06 35604 India 2015-16 38401 Cote d'Ivoire 1994 38402 Cote d'Ivoire 1998 38403 Cote d'Ivoire 2011 40001 Jordan 1990 40002 Jordan 1997 40003 Jordan 2002 40004 Jordan 2007 40005 Jordan 2009 40006 Jordan 2012 40007 Jordan 2017-18 40401 Kenya 1989 40402 Kenya 1993 40403 Kenya 1998 40404 Kenya 2003 40405 Kenya 2008-9 40406 Kenya 2014 42601 Lesotho 2004 42602 Lesotho 2009 42603 Lesotho 2014 45001 Madagascar 1992 45002 Madagascar 1997 45003 Madagascar 2003 45004 Madagascar 2008 45401 Malawi 1992 45402 Malawi 2000 45403 Malawi 2004 45404 Malawi 2010 45405 Malawi 2016 46601 Mali 1987 46602 Mali 1995-6 46603 Mali 2001 46604 Mali 2006 46605 Mali 2012 50401 Morocco 1987 50402 Morocco 1992 50403 Morocco 2003 50801 Mozambique 1997 50802 Mozambique 2003 50803 Mozambique 2011 51601 Namibia 1992 51602 Namibia 2000 51603 Namibia 2006 51604 Namibia 2013 52401 Nepal 1996 52402 Nepal 2001 52403 Nepal 2006 52404 Nepal 2011 52405 Nepal 2016 56201 Niger 1992 56202 Niger 1998 56203 Niger 2006 56204 Niger 2012 56601 Nigeria 1990 56602 Nigeria 1999 56603 Nigeria 2003 56604 Nigeria 2008 56605 Nigeria 2013 58601 Pakistan 1990-91 58602 Pakistan 2006-07 58603 Pakistan 2012-13 58604 Pakistan 2017-18 60401 Peru 1991-92 60402 Peru 1996 60403 Peru 2000 60404 Peru 2004-08 60405 Peru 2010 60406 Peru 2011 60407 Peru 2012 64601 Rwanda 1992 64602 Rwanda 2000 64603 Rwanda 2005 64604 Rwanda 2010 64605 Rwanda 2014 68601 Senegal 1986 68602 Senegal 1992-93 68603 Senegal 1997 68604 Senegal 2005 68605 Senegal 2010-11 68606 Senegal 2012-13 68607 Senegal 2014 68608 Senegal 2015 68609 Senegal 2016 68610 Senegal 2017 71001 South Africa 1998 71002 South Africa 2016 71601 Zimbabwe 1988 71602 Zimbabwe 1994 71603 Zimbabwe 1999 71604 Zimbabwe 2005-6 71605 Zimbabwe 2010-11 71606 Zimbabwe 2015 72901 Sudan 1989-90 78801 Tunisia 1988 79201 Turkey 1993 79202 Turkey 1998 79203 Turkey 2003 80001 Uganda 1988 80002 Uganda 1995 80003 Uganda 2001 80004 Uganda 2006 80005 Uganda 2011 80006 Uganda 2016 81801 Egypt 1988 81802 Egypt 1992 81803 Egypt 1995 81804 Egypt 2000 81805 Egypt 2005 81806 Egypt 2008 81807 Egypt 2014 83401 Tanzania 1991 83402 Tanzania 1996 83403 Tanzania 1999 83404 Tanzania 2004 83405 Tanzania 2010 83406 Tanzania 2015 85401 Burkina Faso 1993 85402 Burkina Faso 1998 85403 Burkina Faso 2003 85404 Burkina Faso 2010 88701 Yemen 1991-92 88702 Yemen 2013 89401 Zambia 1992 89402 Zambia 1996 89403 Zambia 2001 89404 Zambia 2007 89405 Zambia 2013 SAMPLE identifies the DHS sample from which the case is drawn. Each sample receives a unique 5-digit code. The first three digits are ISO/UN codes used in COUNTRY, and the last two digits identify the sample within the country, ordered by survey year. The related variable SAMPLESTR is a string variable that identifies the DHS sample with the same 5-digit code. IPUMS IPUMS-DHS sample identifier (string) IPUMS-DHS sample identifier (string) IPUMS-DHS sample identifier (string) IPUMS-DHS sample identifier (string) IPUMS-DHS sample identifier (string) 11603 Cambodia 2010 11602 Cambodia 2005 11601 Cambodia 2000 10803 Burundi 2016 10802 Burundi 2010 10801 Burundi 1987 10401 Myanmar 2015 05007 Bangladesh 2014 05006 Bangladesh 2011 05005 Bangladesh 2007 05004 Bangladesh 2004 05003 Bangladesh 1999-00 05001 Bangladesh 1994 05002 Bangladesh 1996-97 14801 Chad 1996-97 12004 Cameroon 2011 12003 Cameroon 2004 14803 Chad 2014 18001 Congo Democratic Republic 2007 18002 Congo Democratic Republic 2013-14 20401 Benin 1996 81807 Egypt 2014 81806 Egypt 2008 81805 Egypt 2005 81804 Egypt 2000 81803 Egypt 1995 81802 Egypt 1992 81801 Egypt 1988 80006 Uganda 2016 80005 Uganda 2011 80004 Uganda 2006 80003 Uganda 2001 80002 Uganda 1995 80001 Uganda 1988 79203 Turkey 2003 79202 Turkey 1998 79201 Turkey 1993 78801 Tunisia 1988 72901 Sudan 1989-90 71606 Zimbabwe 2015 71605 Zimbabwe 2010-11 71604 Zimbabwe 2005-6 71603 Zimbabwe 1999 71602 Zimbabwe 1994 71601 Zimbabwe 1988 71001 South Africa 1998 68610 Senegal 2017 68609 Senegal 2016 68608 Senegal 2015 68607 Senegal 2014 14802 Chad 2004 68606 Senegal 2012-13 68605 Senegal 2010-11 68604 Senegal 2005 68603 Senegal 1997 68602 Senegal 1992-93 68601 Senegal 1986 64605 Rwanda 2014 64604 Rwanda 2010 64603 Rwanda 2005 64602 Rwanda 2000 64601 Rwanda 1992 60407 Peru 2012 60406 Peru 2011 60405 Peru 2010 60404 Peru 2004-08 60403 Peru 2000 60402 Peru 1996 60401 Peru 1991-92 58603 Pakistan 2012-13 58602 Pakistan 2006-07 58601 Pakistan 1990-91 56605 Nigeria 2013 56604 Nigeria 2008 56603 Nigeria 2003 56602 Nigeria 1999 56601 Nigeria 1990 56204 Niger 2012 56203 Niger 2006 56202 Niger 1998 12002 Cameroon 1998 12001 Cameroon 1991 11604 Cambodia 2014 02401 Angola 2015 00401 Afghanistan 2015 00101 Model 2015 56201 Niger 1992 52404 Nepal 2011 52403 Nepal 2006 52402 Nepal 2001 52401 Nepal 1996 51604 Namibia 2013 51603 Namibia 2006 51602 Namibia 2000 51601 Namibia 1992 50803 Mozambique 2011 50802 Mozambique 2003 50801 Mozambique 1997 50403 Morocco 2003 50402 Morocco 1992 50401 Morocco 1987 46605 Mali 2012 46604 Mali 2006 46603 Mali 2001 46602 Mali 1995-6 46601 Mali 1987 45405 Malawi 2016 45404 Malawi 2010 45403 Malawi 2004 45402 Malawi 2000 45401 Malawi 1992 45004 Madagascar 2008 45003 Madagascar 2003 45002 Madagascar 1997 45001 Madagascar 1992 42603 Lesotho 2014 42602 Lesotho 2009 42601 Lesotho 2004 40406 Kenya 2014 40405 Kenya 2008-9 40404 Kenya 2003 40403 Kenya 1998 40402 Kenya 1993 40401 Kenya 1989 40006 Jordan 2012 40005 Jordan 2009 40004 Jordan 2007 40003 Jordan 2002 40002 Jordan 1997 40001 Jordan 1990 38403 Cote d'Ivoire 2011 38402 Cote d'Ivoire 1998 38401 Cote d'Ivoire 1994 35604 India 2015-16 35603 India 2005-06 35602 India 1998-99 35601 India 1992-93 32403 Guinea 2012 32402 Guinea 2005 32401 Guinea 1999 32003 Guatemala 2015 32002 Guatemala 1995 32001 Guatemala 1987 28806 Ghana 2014 28805 Ghana 2008 28804 Ghana 2003 28803 Ghana 1998 28802 Ghana 1993 28801 Ghana 1988 23104 Ethiopia 2016 23103 Ethiopia 2011 23102 Ethiopia 2005 23101 Ethiopia 2000 20404 Benin 2011 20403 Benin 2006 20402 Benin 2001 83401 Tanzania 1991 83402 Tanzania 1996 83403 Tanzania 1999 83404 Tanzania 2004 83405 Tanzania 2010 83406 Tanzania 2015 85401 Burkina Faso 1993 85402 Burkina Faso 1998 85403 Burkina Faso 2003 85404 Burkina Faso 2010 88701 Yemen 1991-92 88702 Yemen 2013 89401 Zambia 1992 89402 Zambia 1996 89403 Zambia 2001 89404 Zambia 2007 89405 Zambia 2013 40007 Jordan 2017 52405 Nepal 2016 58604 Pakistan 2017-18 71002 South Africa 2016 SAMPLESTR is a string variable that identifies the DHS sample from which the case is drawn. Each sample receives a unique 5-digit code. The first three digits are ISO/UN codes used in COUNTRY, and the last two digits identify the sample within the country, ordered by survey year. The related variable SAMPLE is a numeric variable that identifies the DHS sample with the same 5-digit code. IPUMS Country Country Country Country Country 001 Model 004 Afghanistan 024 Angola 050 Bangladesh 104 Myanmar 108 Burundi 116 Cambodia 120 Cameroon 148 Chad 180 Congo Democratic Republic 204 Benin 231 Ethiopia 288 Ghana 320 Guatemala 324 Guinea 356 India 384 Cote d'Ivoire 400 Jordan 404 Kenya 426 Lesotho 450 Madagascar 454 Malawi 466 Mali 504 Morocco 508 Mozambique 516 Namibia 524 Nepal 562 Niger 566 Nigeria 586 Pakistan 604 Peru 646 Rwanda 686 Senegal 710 South Africa 716 Zimbabwe 729 Sudan 788 Tunisia 792 Turkey 800 Uganda 818 Egypt 834 Tanzania 854 Burkina Faso 887 Yemen 894 Zambia COUNTRY reports the country where the survey was fielded. The codes assigned to each country are those used by the UN Statistics Division and the ISO (International Organization for Standardization). IPUMS Year of sample Year of sample Year of sample Year of sample Year of sample 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 YEAR reports the year when the survey was fielded, as a four-digit variable. In some cases, the DHS was conducted over the course of two years (e.g., Ethiopia 2010-2011), but YEAR always gives a single year. For full information about the timing of the surveys, please consult the IPUMS-DHS Sample Descriptions page. IPUMS Unique cross-sample respondent identifier Unique cross-sample respondent identifier Unique cross-sample respondent identifier Unique cross-sample respondent identifier Unique cross-sample respondent identifier IDHSPID is an identifying number unique to person in a given sample. It is a concatenation of SAMPLE and CASEID. IDHSPID is a 22-character string variable. IPUMS Unique cross-sample household identifier Unique cross-sample household identifier Unique cross-sample household identifier Unique cross-sample household identifier Unique cross-sample household identifier IDHSHID is an identifying number unique to a specific household in a given sample. It is a concatenation of SAMPLE, CLUSTERNO and HHNUM. IDHSHID is a 19-character string variable. IPUMS Key to link DHS clusters to context data (string) Key to link DHS clusters to context data (string) Key to link DHS clusters to context data (string) Key to link DHS clusters to context data (string) Key to link DHS clusters to context data (string) DHSID is the 14-character DHS identification code for DHS clusters constructed from the 2-character country code, the 4-digit survey year, and the 8-digit cluster identification number. DHSID is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample and uniquely identifies clusters across samples. It serves as the unique linking key between IPUMS-DHS microdata and DHS cluster shapefiles. This is a 14-digit numeric variable with 0 implied decimal places IPUMS Unique sample-case PSU identifier Unique sample-case PSU identifier Unique sample-case PSU identifier Unique sample-case PSU identifier Unique sample-case PSU identifier IDHSPSU is an identifying number unique to the primary sampling unit in a given sample. This variable is a concatenation of SAMPLE (which uniquely identifies each country- and year-specific sample) and PSU (the numbered primary sampling units within a given sample). IPUMS Unique cross-sample sampling strata Unique cross-sample sampling strata Unique cross-sample sampling strata Unique cross-sample sampling strata Unique cross-sample sampling strata IDHSSTRATA is an identifying number unique to the sampling strata in a given sample. This variable is a concatenation of SAMPLE (which uniquely identifies each country- and year-specific sample) and STRATA (groups of geographically similar areas, from which primary sampling units are drawn). IPUMS Sample-specific respondent identifier Sample-specific respondent identifier Sample-specific respondent identifier Sample-specific respondent identifier Sample-specific respondent identifier CASEID is the unique identifier for each woman in a given sample year. Using CASEID and CLUSTERNO, analysts can link IPUMS-DHS data to the original DHS datasets to attach variables that are not currently available in IPUMS-DHS. For example, researchers can use CASEID and CLUSTERNO to link variables from the IPUMS-DHS with other variables from the Woman's Recode file to merge country-specific variables, or to the Household or Couples Recode file to attach variables that are not yet part of IPUMS-DHS. In most samples, users can identify women who are in the same household by using the first 12 characters of CASEID (and CLUSTERNO (V001)), as this indicates a unique household identifier. CASEID is generally created by The DHS Program using the variables CLUSTERNO (V001), HHNUM (V002), and LINENO (V003), with the last three characters indicating the respondent's line number in the household file. For instructions on how to create links between IPUMS-DHS data and DHS source data, see the User Note on "Merging IDHS and DHS Data." [URL omitted from DDI.] CASEID is a 18-character string variable. IPUMS Sample-specific household identifier Sample-specific household identifier Sample-specific household identifier Sample-specific household identifier Sample-specific household identifier HHID is an identifying number unique to each household in a given sample. HHID is a 15-character string variable. IPUMS Sample-specific primary sampling unit Sample-specific primary sampling unit Sample-specific primary sampling unit Sample-specific primary sampling unit Sample-specific primary sampling unit PSU (V021) is the variable indicating the primary sampling unit or PSU. It should be used along with the variable DOMAIN (V023) to account for the impact of the sample design clustering on the variance estimates and standard errors. The DHS Recode Manuals for Phase 2 forward describe this variable as follows: Primary sampling unit is a number assigned to sample points to identify the primary sampling units for use in the calculation of sampling errors. This variable is usually the same as the cluster number and/or the ultimate area unit, but may differ if the sample design required a multistage selection process. See the notes on DHS webpage "Using sample weights" [URL omitted from DDI.] on variance estimation for additional information. PSU (V021) is a 6-digit variable. IPUMS Sample-specific sampling strata Sample-specific sampling strata Sample-specific sampling strata Sample-specific sampling strata Sample-specific sampling strata STRATA (V022) defines the pairings or groupings of primary sampling units used in the calculation of sampling errors when using the Taylor series expansion method. In two-stage sampling, The DHS Program may first group small geographic areas, such as enumeration areas from the last census, into broad strata defined jointly by region and urban versus rural areas within a region. In the second stage of sampling, a subset of geographic areas (sample clusters) are selected as the sites for interviewing from within defined strata. STRATA is not the same as DOMAIN (V023). (Domains represent statistically representative areas for which valid summary statistics can be calculated for a survey, such as provinces and national urban versus rural combined areas, as described in the survey's final report.) The DHS Program recommends using STRATA along with the variable PSU (V021) to account for the impact of the sample design clustering on the estimates of variance and standard errors. Users are strongly encouraged to review the FAQ section provided by The DHS Program on specifying stratification and clustering here [URL omitted from DDI.], using Stata or SPSS to account for sample design. STRATA (V022) is a 5-digit variable. IPUMS Sample-specific domain Sample-specific domain Sample-specific domain Sample-specific domain Sample-specific domain DOMAIN (V023) defines the basic geographic units for which the sample was designed to yield representative estimates. The DHS Recode Manual describes DOMAIN as follows: For example, if the sample was designed to be self-weighting within region, this variable would define those regions; if the sample was designed to be self-weighting within major urban areas, other urban areas and rural areas, this variable would define the major urban, other urban and rural areas. If the sample is self-weighted at the national level, this variable is code 0. When national estimates are desired, users should include survey design variables, including DOMAIN (V023) and PSU (V021), and the correct sample weights (e.g., PERWEIGHT (V005)) to adjust sampling errors to account for DHS' sample design. In most countries, DOMAIN defines the stratification for the sample (generally either regional or national). However, some countries use two levels of stratification, such as region and urban/rural areas. Users should check for the correct stratification design by consulting the Final Report(s) for the sample(s) of interest (particularly the Introduction and Sample Design sections and Implementation Appendix). DOMAIN is a 5-digit variable. IPUMS Household number in cluster Household number in cluster Household number in cluster Household number in cluster Household number in cluster HHNUM (V002) is the number identifying the household in which the respondent was interviewed, within each sample. To identify unique households in most samples, researchers must use HHNUM with CLUSTERNO (V001). For most samples, HHNUM and CLUSTERNO can be used to merge IPUMS-DHS data from the women's file to DHS Household Recode files, to incorporate household variables not yet available in the IPUMS-DHS. However, in some household files, HHNUM and CLUSTERNO do not uniquely identify households in the DHS Household Recode file. For information about the IPUMS-DHS samples where HHNUM and CLUSTERNO are not sufficient to uniquely identify households, and for guidance on what further steps to take for linking files in such cases, please consult the User Note on Linking. [URL omitted from DDI.] HHNUM is a 4-digit variable. IPUMS Sample-specific cluster number Sample-specific cluster number Sample-specific cluster number Sample-specific cluster number Sample-specific cluster number CLUSTERNO (V001) reports the cluster number for the person's de facto residence. According to the DHS Sampling Manual, "A cluster is the smallest geographical survey statistical unit for DHS surveys. It consists of a number of adjacent households in a geographical area. For DHS surveys, a cluster corresponds either to an [enumeration area], or a segment of a large [enumeration area]." The most recent census for a country, which divided all territory into enumeration areas to ensure full coverage of the population, often provides the sampling frame for a DHS survey. CLUSTERNO is the variable indicating the primary sampling unit or PSU. It should be used along with the variable STRATA to account for the impact of the sample design clustering on the estimates of variance and standard errors. See the notes on DHS webpage "Use sample weights" [URL omitted from DDI.] on variance estimation for additional information. CLUSTERNO (V001) and HHNUM (V002) can be used to merge the women's individual recode file to the household recode file. See the DHS webpage Merging Datasets [URL omitted from DDI.] on variables to be used for linking data sets. CLUSTERNO is an 8 digit variable. IPUMS Sample-specific ultimate area unit Sample-specific ultimate area unit Sample-specific ultimate area unit Sample-specific ultimate area unit Sample-specific ultimate area unit ULTAREAUNIT (V004) reports the ultimate area unit for the person's de facto residence. According to the DHS recode manuals, ULTAREAUNIT is a number assigned to each sample point to identify the ultimate area units in the collection of data. It is usually the same as the cluster number [CLUSTERNO (V001)], but may be a sequentially numbered variable for samples with a more complicated structure. ULTAREAUNIT can be used to account for the impact of the sampling design clustering on the variance estimates and standard errors. ULTAREAUNIT (V004) is a 4-digit variable. IPUMS Dwelling unit number within household Dwelling unit number within household Dwelling unit number within household Dwelling unit number within household Dwelling unit number within household STRUCTURNO is the number of the structure (dwelling unit) within the household. This variable is country-specific. STRUCTURNO is a 3-digit variable. IPUMS Household line number of woman respondent Household line number of woman respondent Household line number of woman respondent Household line number of woman respondent Household line number of woman respondent 1) NUMBER 001 1 002 2 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 035 35 036 36 037 37 038 38 039 39 040 40 041 41 042 42 043 43 044 44 045 45 046 46 047 47 048 48 049 49 050 50 051 51 052 52 053 53 054 54 055 55 056 56 057 57 058 58 059 59 060 60 061 61 062 62 063 63 064 64 065 65 066 66 067 67 068 68 069 69 070 70 071 71 072 72 073 73 074 74 075 75 076 76 077 77 078 78 079 79 080 80 081 81 082 82 083 83 084 84 085 85 086 86 087 87 088 88 089 89 090 90 091 91 092 92 093 93 094 94 095 95 096 96 097 97 098 98 099 99 100 100 101 101 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 LINENO (V003) reports the number of the line on which the DHS interviewer recorded the woman's name, when filling out the household schedule. After asking "Please give me the names of the persons who usually live in your household or are staying with you now, starting with the head of the household," the interviewer recorded each name in turn on successively numbered lines printed on the household survey form. IPUMS Respondent's line number (answering Household questionnaire) Respondent's line number (answering Household questionnaire) Respondent's line number (answering Household questionnaire) Respondent's line number (answering Household questionnaire) Respondent's line number (answering Household questionnaire) 1) NUMBER 00 Not in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 98 Missing LINENOHHRESP (HV003) reports the line number in the household schedule of the person responding to the questions asked in the household questionnaire. If nobody in the household was available for the interview, this variable is coded "00." IPUMS Sample weight for persons Sample weight for persons Sample weight for persons Sample weight for persons Sample weight for persons PERWEIGHT (V005) is an 8-digit variable with 6 implied decimal places, which should be used as a weighting factor to produce representative numbers accurately describing the surveyed population. While the DHS Recode Manuals direct the researcher to divide the original weight variable by 1,000,000 before applying the weighting factor to the original DHS data files, it is not necessary to modify the value of PERWEIGHT before applying this weight to cases in IPUMS-DHS. PERWEIGHT should be used to weight nearly all tabulations made using IPUMS-DHS data. Occasionally, as with the domestic violence variables, a subset of respondents are randomly selected to answer questions from a survey module, and a specialized weight such as DVWEIGHT should be used instead. Note: The 6 implied decimal places in PERWEIGHT mean that the last six digits of the eight-digit variable are decimal digits, but there is no actual decimal in the data. PERWEIGHT is an 8-digit numeric variable with 6 implied decimal places. See the variable description for directions on the use of PERWEIGHT. IPUMS All woman factor for total population All woman factor for total population All woman factor for total population All woman factor for total population All woman factor for total population AWFACTT is a 5-digit variable (in IPUMS-DHS) with 2 implied decimal places that is used to create total population estimates for all women of childbearing age, for those samples interviewing only ever-married women. A post from DHS senior staff member Tom Pullum on the DHS Users Forum explains, The all-woman factors are needed when you are trying to estimate something for all women, but you have to work with ever-married women because that's all you have in the sample. An example is when you want to estimate a fertility rate for all women but you only have the births and exposure for ever-married women. You have to assume that (a) never-married women have no births and (b) awfact/100 is a multiplier to inflate exposure for ever-married women to exposure for all women. For surveys that used a sampling frame of all women of childbearing age, AWFACTT has a value of 100 (or 1.00, with two decimal places), and thus has no effect on the survey statistics when used as a multiplier. For samples that included only ever-married women, AWFACTT serves as a multiplier to create total population figures for all women of childbearing age, following the assumptions noted above. The width of AWFACTT ranges from a low of 3 to a high of 5 in the original DHS files; see Comparability for further discussion. AWFACTT is a 5-digit numeric variable with 2 implied decimal places. See the variable description for directions on the use of AWFACTT. IPUMS Household selected for men's/husband's survey (individual-level) Household selected for men's/husband's survey (individual-level) Household selected for men's/husband's survey (individual-level) Household selected for men's/husband's survey (individual-level) Household selected for men's/husband's survey (individual-level) HUSBAND INTERVIEW: YES 1 NO 2 Not selected 1 Selected for men's survey 2 Selected for husband's survey MENSELHH (HV027) indicates whether the respondent's household was selected for the men's or husband's survey. Samples including neither a men's survey nor a husband's survey are excluded from this variable in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Year of interview Year of interview Year of interview Year of interview Year of interview INTYEAR (V007) reports the year the interview took place. The dates reported in INTYEAR are based on the Gregorian calendar. IPUMS Month of interview Month of interview Month of interview Month of interview Month of interview 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December MONTHINT (V006) reports the month when the interview took place. IPUMS Day of interview Day of interview Day of interview Day of interview Day of interview 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 INTDAY (V016) reports the day of the month on which the interview took place. INTDAY uses dates expressed in the Gregorian calendar. IPUMS Century month date of interview Century month date of interview Century month date of interview Century month date of interview Century month date of interview INTDATECMC (V008) reports century month code for the date on which the interview took place. Century month codes (CMC) are particularly useful for checking the consistency of dates, calculating intervals between events, and imputing dates when the information for an event is missing or partially complete. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. The year 1900 was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS-relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 is: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed between January 1900 and June 2002. Starting with CMC figures, one can calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC - 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC minus ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) The information above is based on "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006). [URL omitted from DDI.]. The century month codes reported in INTDATECMC are calculated using the Gregorian calculator. INTDATECMC (V008) is a 4-digit variable. IPUMS Century month code (CMC) for start of survey Century month code (CMC) for start of survey Century month code (CMC) for start of survey Century month code (CMC) for start of survey Century month code (CMC) for start of survey 1415 1415 1414 1414 1399 1399 1397 1397 1408 1408 1402 1402 1398 1398 1393 1393 1392 1392 1391 1391 1390 1390 1388 1388 1387 1387 1386 1386 1381 1381 1379 1379 1378 1378 1377 1377 1374 1374 1373 1373 1372 1372 1369 1369 1365 1365 1364 1364 1361 1361 1358 1358 1355 1355 1354 1354 1353 1353 1350 1350 1346 1346 1344 1344 1339 1339 1338 1338 1333 1333 1332 1332 1330 1330 1329 1329 1328 1328 1327 1327 1326 1326 1325 1325 1320 1320 1318 1318 1307 1307 1305 1305 1302 1302 1299 1299 1296 1296 1290 1290 1288 1288 1287 1287 1285 1285 1283 1283 1281 1281 1280 1280 1277 1277 1274 1274 1273 1273 1271 1271 1269 1269 1268 1268 1264 1264 1262 1262 1258 1258 1257 1257 1255 1255 1250 1250 1249 1249 1248 1248 1247 1247 1246 1246 1244 1244 1243 1243 1242 1242 1241 1241 1240 1240 1239 1239 1231 1231 1223 1223 1220 1220 1213 1213 1209 1209 1207 1207 1206 1206 1202 1202 1199 1199 1197 1197 1193 1193 1191 1191 1187 1187 1185 1185 1184 1184 1179 1179 1178 1178 1177 1177 1173 1173 1170 1170 1167 1167 1165 1165 1164 1164 1163 1163 1160 1160 1159 1159 1158 1158 1153 1153 1151 1151 1143 1143 1135 1135 1134 1134 1127 1127 1125 1125 1124 1124 1118 1118 1116 1116 1115 1115 1113 1113 1111 1111 1110 1110 1109 1109 1108 1108 1107 1107 1105 1105 1103 1103 1102 1102 1096 1096 1092 1092 1090 1090 1084 1084 1079 1079 1068 1068 1066 1066 1065 1065 1062 1062 1058 1058 1049 1049 1047 1047 1036 1036 INTSTARTCMC reports the century month code (CMC) for the first month the survey was fielded, according to the DHS Program website. The contextual variables in IPUMS DHS use the month in INTSTARTCMC as the month of the survey start date. The related variable INTENDCMC reports the century month code for the last month the survey was fielded, according to the DHS Program website. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. The year 1900 was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS-relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 is: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed between January 1900 and June 2002. Starting with CMC figures, one can calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC - 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC - ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) The information above is based on "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006). [URL omitted from DDI.]. The century month codes reported in INTSTARTCMC are calculated using the Gregorian calculator. IPUMS Century month code (CMC) for end of survey Century month code (CMC) for end of survey Century month code (CMC) for end of survey Century month code (CMC) for end of survey Century month code (CMC) for end of survey 1418 1418 1417 1417 1403 1403 1420 1420 1039 1039 1051 1051 1052 1052 1062 1062 1066 1066 1069 1069 1070 1070 1073 1073 1085 1085 1090 1090 1092 1092 1097 1097 1101 1101 1105 1105 1107 1107 1108 1108 1109 1109 1110 1110 1114 1114 1115 1115 1118 1118 1119 1119 1124 1124 1125 1125 1126 1126 1130 1130 1131 1131 1139 1139 1148 1148 1153 1153 1157 1157 1158 1158 1160 1160 1163 1163 1165 1165 1167 1167 1168 1168 1171 1171 1174 1174 1176 1176 1182 1182 1183 1183 1185 1185 1187 1187 1190 1190 1191 1191 1193 1193 1195 1195 1199 1199 1200 1200 1203 1203 1204 1204 1205 1205 1207 1207 1208 1208 1211 1211 1212 1212 1215 1215 1217 1217 1218 1218 1223 1223 1229 1229 1233 1233 1242 1242 1244 1244 1245 1245 1246 1246 1247 1247 1249 1249 1250 1250 1251 1251 1253 1253 1256 1256 1261 1261 1262 1262 1265 1265 1266 1266 1267 1267 1268 1268 1272 1272 1274 1274 1275 1275 1276 1276 1277 1277 1280 1280 1282 1282 1283 1283 1284 1284 1286 1286 1287 1287 1292 1292 1294 1294 1295 1295 1300 1300 1302 1302 1306 1306 1307 1307 1310 1310 1316 1316 1320 1320 1321 1321 1325 1325 1331 1331 1333 1333 1335 1335 1336 1336 1337 1337 1338 1338 1340 1340 1343 1343 1344 1344 1347 1347 1349 1349 1350 1350 1354 1354 1356 1356 1358 1358 1360 1360 1362 1362 1365 1365 1367 1367 1370 1370 1372 1372 1374 1374 1378 1378 1379 1379 1380 1380 1384 1384 1390 1390 1392 1392 1394 1394 1398 1398 1399 1399 1402 1402 1404 1404 1405 1405 1406 1406 1416 1416 INTENDCMC reports the century month code (CMC) for the last month the survey was fielded, according to the DHS Program website. The related variable INTSTARTCMC reports the century month code for the first month the survey was fielded, according to the DHS Program website. The contextual variables in IPUMS DHS use the month in INTSTARTCMC as the month of the survey start date. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. The year 1900 was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS-relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 is: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed between January 1900 and June 2002. Starting with CMC figures, one can calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC - 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC - ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) The information above is based on "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006). [URL omitted from DDI.]. The century month codes reported in INTENDCMC are calculated using the Gregorian calculator. IPUMS Time interview started (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time interview started (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time interview started (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time interview started (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time interview started (hhmm - 24 hour clock) 101) RECORD TIME HOUR: ___ MINUTES: ___ 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) INTSTART (V801) reports the time of the start of the interview. The first two digits give the time in hours using the 24-hour clock, and the last two digits give the minutes within that hour. For example, a code of "1349" indicates the interview began at 1:49 P.M. IPUMS Time interview ended (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time interview ended (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time interview ended (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time interview ended (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time interview ended (hhmm - 24 hour clock) 819) RECORD TIME HOUR: ___ MINUTES: ___ 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) INTEND (V802) reports the time of the end of the interview. The first two digits give the time in hours using the 24-hour clock, and the last two digits give the minutes within that hour. For example, a code of "1349" indicates the interview ended at 1:49 P.M. IPUMS Length of interview (minutes) Length of interview (minutes) Length of interview (minutes) Length of interview (minutes) Length of interview (minutes) 819) RECORD TIME HOUR: ___ MINUTES: ___ 00 0 minutes 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95+ 96 2+ visits 97 Inconsistent 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) INTDURATION (V803) reports the duration of the female interview (in minutes). The duration is top-coded at 95 minutes. Interviews that required more than one visit (INTVISITNO (V804) are coded as "96" for "2+ visits." INTDURATION is calculated based on the interview's start and end times in INTSTART (V801) and INTEND (V802). IPUMS Number of visits for the interview Number of visits for the interview Number of visits for the interview Number of visits for the interview Number of visits for the interview TOTAL NUMBER OF VISITS ___ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) INTVISITNO (V804) reports the number of visits required to complete the female interview. IPUMS Result of individual interview Result of individual interview Result of individual interview Result of individual interview Result of individual interview COMPLETED 1 NOT AT HOME 2 POSTPONED 3 REFUSED 4 PARTIALLY FILLED OUT 5 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 6 7 Other 6 Respondent Incapacitated 5 Partly completed 4 Refused 3 Postponed 2 Not at home 1 Completed INTRESULT (V015) reports the result of the individual interview. Code 1 represents a completed interview. Only completed interview cases are included in the DHS women's individual recode files, which provide the source material for IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Ever-married or all-women sample Ever-married or all-women sample Ever-married or all-women sample Ever-married or all-women sample Ever-married or all-women sample 1 All women sample 2 Ever-married women sample EVMARALLSAMP (V020) indicates whether the sample includes only ever-married women or includes all women of childbearing age. IPUMS Identification number of interviewer, women's survey Identification number of interviewer, women's survey Identification number of interviewer, women's survey Identification number of interviewer, women's survey Identification number of interviewer, women's survey INTERVIEWER: (REPEAT FOR SECOND AND THIRD INTERVIEWERS) DATE__ DAY__ MONTH__ YEAR__ INTERVIEWER NAME___ RESULTS___ NEXT VISIT [FOR INTERVIEWERS 1 AND 2]: DATE__ TIME__ FINAL VISIT: DAY__ MONTH__ YEAR 19__ INTERVIEWER__ RESULT__ INTERVIEWERIDIR (V028) reports the interviewer identification code for the interviewer conducting the individual women's interviews for women of childbearing age. Codes are country- and sample-specific; a given numeric code in one survey refers to a different person than the same numeric code in another survey. Numbering of interviewer codes is not necessarily consecutive; some surveys use "0" as an identification code, for example, while others begin with a 3-digit number. Using the interviewer identification codes, researchers can evaluate whether the quality of responses (e.g., the number of "missing" cases) depended on the person conducting the interview. IPUMS Identification number of interviewer, household survey Identification number of interviewer, household survey Identification number of interviewer, household survey Identification number of interviewer, household survey Identification number of interviewer, household survey INTERVIEWER: (REPEAT FOR SECOND AND THIRD INTERVIEWERS) DATE__ DAY__ MONTH__ YEAR__ INTERVIEWER NAME___ RESULTS___ INTERVIEWERIDHH (HV018) reports the interviewer identification code for the interviewer conducting the household survey. Codes are country- and sample-specific; a given numeric code in one survey refers to a different person than the same numeric code in another survey. Numbering of interviewer codes is not necessarily consecutive; some surveys use "0" as an identification code, for example, while others begin with a 3-digit number. Using the interviewer identification codes, researchers can evaluate whether the quality of responses (e.g., the number of "missing" cases) depended on the person conducting the interview. IPUMS Urban-rural status Urban-rural status Urban-rural status Urban-rural status Urban-rural status VILLAGE/QUARTER ___ NIAMEY 1 AGADEZ, MARADI, TAHOUA, ZINDER 2 OTHER CITY 3 RURAL 4 2 Rural 1 Urban URBAN (V025) indicates whether the person's de facto residence was in an urban or rural location. The definition of urban varies across countries. See Comparability. IPUMS De facto place of residence De facto place of residence De facto place of residence De facto place of residence De facto place of residence VILLAGE/QUARTER ___ NIAMEY 1 AGADEZ, MARADI, TAHOUA, ZINDER 2 OTHER CITY 3 RURAL 4 10 City 11 Capital or other large city 12 Other city 20 Town or countryside 21 Town 22 Countryside DEFACTORES (V026) reports the type of place--city, town, or countryside--where the person was interviewed. IPUMS Years lived in place of residence Years lived in place of residence Years lived in place of residence Years lived in place of residence Years lived in place of residence 103) For how long have you been a long-term resident of (NAME OF CURRENT RESIDENCE)? NUMBER OF YEARS: ___ ALWAYS 95 (GO TO 105) JUST VISITING 96 (GO TO 105) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 95 Always 96 Visitor 97 Inconsistent 98 Missing RESIDEINTYR (V104) reports the number of years the woman had been living continuously in the village, town, or city where she was interviewed. IPUMS Type of place of previous residence Type of place of previous residence Type of place of previous residence Type of place of previous residence Type of place of previous residence 104) Just before moving here, did you live in the city of Niamey, in another capital in Agadez, Maradi, Tahous, Zinder or other large foreign city, in a town or the country? NIAMEY/OTHER CAPITAL 1 AGADEZ/MARADI/TAOUA/ZINDER/OTHER LARGE FOREIGN CITY 2 TOWN 3 COUNTRY 4 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Missing 30 Other or abroad 20 Town or countryside 12 Other city 11 Capital or other large city 10 City 31 Abroad 21 Town 22 Countryside 32 Separated camp 33 Tribal area 34 Informal settlement 39 Other, unspecified PREVRESTYP (V105) reports the type of place--city, town, countryside, or a site abroad--where the person lived just before moving to the current place of residence. IPUMS Childhood place of residence Childhood place of residence Childhood place of residence Childhood place of residence Childhood place of residence 102) To begin, I'd like to ask you some questions about yourself and your household. During the majority of the first 12 years of your life, did you live in the city of Niamey, in another capital in Agadez, Maradi, Tahous, Zinder or other large foreign city, in a town or the country? NIAMEY/OTHER CAPITAL 1 AGADEZ/MARADI/TAOUA/ZINDER/OTHER LARGE FOREIGN CITY 2 TOWN 3 COUNTRY 4 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Missing 30 Other 20 Town or countryside 13 Other city or town 12 Other city 11 Capital or large city 10 City 31 Abroad 21 Town 22 Countryside KIDRESTYP (V103) reports the type of place--city, town, countryside, or somewhere abroad--where the woman lived for most of her childhood (usually defined as prior to age 12). Due to country- and survey-level variation in data collection, IPUMS-DHS uses composite coding to maximize comparability across samples for this variable. IPUMS Niger regions, 1992-2012 [integrated; GIS] Niger regions, 1992-2012 [integrated; GIS] Niger regions, 1992-2012 [integrated; GIS] Niger regions, 1992-2012 [integrated; GIS] Niger regions, 1992-2012 [integrated; GIS] 1 Tahoua/Agadez 2 Zinder/Diffa 3 Dossa 4 Maradi 5 Tillaberi 6 Niamey GEO_ NE1992_2012 indicates the region of Niger where the respondent was interviewed. The variable is integrated to yield units with consistent boundaries across samples. Labels identify the modern geographic units (regions) contained in each integrated region. Each sample also has its own non-integrated geography variable. The 1992, 2006, and 2012 samples have greater geographic detail available in their sample-specific variables. An integrated GIS map (in shapefile format) for Niger can be downloaded here [URL omitted from DDI.]. IPUMS Niger regions, 1992 [GIS] Niger regions, 1992 [GIS] Niger regions, 1992 [GIS] Niger regions, 1992 [GIS] Niger regions, 1992 [GIS] 1 Niamey 2 Agadez 3 Diffa 4 Dossa 5 Maradi 6 Tahoua 7 Tillaberi 8 Zinder GEO_NE1992 (V101_NE1992) indicates the region of Niger where the respondent was interviewed. DHS units in the 1992 Niger survey are equivalent to grouped regions. Other sample years have their own sample-specific geography variables. There is also an integrated variable, GEO_NE1992_2012, that provides spatially consistent units over time. A GIS map for GEO_NE1992 (in shapefile format) can be downloaded from the DHS Program Spatial Data Repository [URL omitted from DDI.] Boundaries page. IPUMS Age Age Age Age Age 106) How old were you at your last birthday? COMPARE AND CORRECT IF 105 AND 106 ARE INCOMPATIBLE. AGE IN COMPLETED YEARS: ___ 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 AGE (V012) reports the woman's age. DHS surveys collect information about the woman's age through questions about age at last birthday and date of birth. DHS Recode Manuals provide the following information about how the AGE variable is calculated: Current age in completed years is calculated from the century month code of the date of birth of the respondent (V011) and the century month code of the date of interview (V008). In a few cases the age in the data file will be different from that reported by the respondent when the respondent's birthday was in the month of interview, but she had not yet had her birthday. If the respondent correctly reported her age at her last birthday (and not her age at her next birthday) then the calculated age was rounded up from the reported age, to avoid inconsistencies between the age and the century month code for the birth. IPUMS Age in 5 year groups Age in 5 year groups Age in 5 year groups Age in 5 year groups Age in 5 year groups 106) How old were you at your last birthday? COMPARE AND CORRECT IF 105 AND 106 ARE INCOMPATIBLE. AGE IN COMPLETED YEARS: ___ 10 10 to 14 11 10 to 14 12 12 to 14 13 13 to 14 20 15-19 30 20-24 40 25-29 50 30-34 60 35-39 70 40-44 80 45-49 90 50+ 91 50-54 92 55-59 93 60-64 AGE5YEAR (V013) reports the woman's age in 5-year groups, based on data from the AGE (V012) variable. The age range of women interviewed varies across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Woman's month of birth Woman's month of birth Woman's month of birth Woman's month of birth Woman's month of birth 105) In what month and year were you born? MONTH: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 YEAR: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December BIRTHMO (V009) reports the woman's month of birth. IPUMS Woman's year of birth Woman's year of birth Woman's year of birth Woman's year of birth Woman's year of birth 105) In what month and year were you born? MONTH: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 YEAR: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 1995 1995 1994 1994 1993 1993 1992 1992 1991 1991 1990 1990 1989 1989 1988 1988 1987 1987 1986 1986 1985 1985 1984 1984 1983 1983 1982 1982 1981 1981 1980 1980 1979 1979 1978 1978 1977 1977 1976 1976 1975 1975 1974 1974 1973 1973 1972 1972 1971 1971 1970 1970 1969 1969 1968 1968 1967 1967 1966 1966 1965 1965 1964 1964 1963 1963 1962 1962 1961 1961 1960 1960 1959 1959 1958 1958 1957 1957 1956 1956 1955 1955 1954 1954 1953 1953 1952 1952 1951 1951 1950 1950 1949 1949 1948 1948 1947 1947 1946 1946 1945 1945 1944 1944 1943 1943 1942 1942 1941 1941 1940 1940 1939 1939 1938 1938 1937 1937 1936 1936 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 BIRTHYEAR (V010) reports the woman's year of birth. IPUMS Respondent's date of birth, in century months Respondent's date of birth, in century months Respondent's date of birth, in century months Respondent's date of birth, in century months Respondent's date of birth, in century months 105) In what month and year were you born? MONTH: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 YEAR: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 DOBCMC (V011) reports the century month code (CMC) for the woman's date of birth. Century month codes (CMC) are particularly useful for checking the consistency of dates, calculating intervals between events, and imputing dates when the information for an event is missing or partially complete. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. The year 1900 was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS-relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 is: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed between January 1900 and June 2002. Starting with CMC figures, one can calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC - 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC - ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) The information above is based on "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006) [URL omitted from DDI.]. DOBCMC (V011) is a 4-digit variable. IPUMS Information given on respondent's date of birth Information given on respondent's date of birth Information given on respondent's date of birth Information given on respondent's date of birth Information given on respondent's date of birth 105) In what month and year were you born? MONTH: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 YEAR: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 1 Month and year 2 Month and age, year imputed 3 Year and age, month imputed 4 Year and age, year ignored 5 Year only, age and month imputed 6 Age only, year and month imputed 7 Month only, age and year imputed 8 Season and year 9 None reported, all imputed DOBINFORESP (V014) reports the completeness of information about the respondent's age and date of birth. A code of 0 indicates the month and the year were reported, and no data were imputed. IPUMS Usual resident or visitor Usual resident or visitor Usual resident or visitor Usual resident or visitor Usual resident or visitor 4) RESIDENCE: Does (NAME) normally live here? YES 1 NO 2 1 Usual resident 2 Visitor 8 Missing RESIDENT (V135) indicates whether the woman was a usual resident of the household or was just visiting there. As defined by the RESIDENT variable, a visitor could potentially reside in the city, town, or village where the interview took place but would have answered "No" to the question, "Does (NAME) usually live here [in this dwelling unit]?" on the household questionnaire. IPUMS Respondent's relationship to HH head Respondent's relationship to HH head Respondent's relationship to HH head Respondent's relationship to HH head Respondent's relationship to HH head 3) RELATIONSHIP TO HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD: What is the familial relation between (NAME) and the head of household? HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD 01 WIFE OR HUSBAND 02 SON OR DAUGHTER 03 SON OR DAUGHTER-IN-LAW 04 GRANDSON OR GRANDDAUGHTER 05 FATHER OR MOTHER 06 PARENT-IN-LAW 07 BROTHER OR SISTER 08 CO-SPOUSE 09 OTHER RELATIVE 10 ADOPTED/FOSTER/STEP CHILD 11 NO FAMILY RELATIONSHIP 12 DON'T KNOW 98 01 Head 02 Wife 03 Daughter or son 04 Daughter- or son-in-law 05 Grandchild 06 Mother or father 07 Parent-in-law 08 Sister or brother 09 Co-spouse 10 Adopted/foster/step child 11 Adopted/foster child 12 Stepchild 20 Other relative 21 Niece or nephew by blood 22 Niece or nephew by marriage 23 Niece or nephew unspecified 24 Sibling-in-law 25 Aunt or uncle 26 Grandparent 30 Nonrelative 31 Domestic servant/employee 32 Herdboy 97 Don't know 98 Missing RELATE (V150) reports the woman's relationship to the head of the household, based on a question in the household questionnaire. IPUMS Currently pregnant Currently pregnant Currently pregnant Currently pregnant Currently pregnant 223) Are you pregnant now? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 226) UNSURE 8 (GO TO 226) No/unsure 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) PREGNANT (V213) indicates whether the respondent is currently pregnant. IPUMS Duration of current pregnancy Duration of current pregnancy Duration of current pregnancy Duration of current pregnancy Duration of current pregnancy 224) How many months pregnant are you? MONTHS: ___ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For currently pregnant women, DURCURPREG (V214) reports the imputed duration of the woman's current pregnancy. IPUMS Religion Religion Religion Religion Religion 115) What is your religion? MUSLIM 1 CHRISTIAN 2 ANIMIST 3 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 4 0000 NO RELIGION 1000 MUSLIM 2000 CHRISTIAN 2100 Catholic 2200 Orthodox 2300 Protestant 2310 Lutheran 2320 Anglican 2330 Presbyterian 2340 Baptist/Seventh-day Adventist 2341 Baptist 2342 Seventh-day Adventist 2350 Apostolic 2360 Salvation Army 2370 Methodist 2380 Pentacostal-based 2381 Pentacostal 2382 Celestial Church of Christ 2383 Universal 2384 Assemblies of God 2390 Other Protestant 2391 Evangelical 2392 Lesotho Evangelical Church 2393 Kimbanguist (Congo, Democratic Republic) 2400 Nontrinitarian 2410 Jehovah's Witness 2900 Other Christian, country-specific 2901 African Zionist (Mozambique) 2902 Mammon (Uganda) 3000 BUDDHIST/NEO-BUDDHIST 3100 Buddhist 4000 HINDU 5000 JEWISH 6000 TRADITIONAL/SPIRITUAL/ANIMIST 6100 Traditional 6200 Spiritual 6300 Animist 6400 Specified Traditional 6401 Donyi-Polo 6402 Sanamahi 6403 Vodun 7000 OTHER (SPECIFIED) 7100 Baha'i 7200 Sikh 7300 Zoroastrian 7400 Jain 7900 Country-specific other 7901 Sect (Burundi) 7902 Bundu dia Kongo (Congo, Democratic Republic) 7903 Vuvamu (Congo, Democratic Republic) 7904 Kirat Mundhum (Nepal) 9000 OTHER 9001 Religion 1 9002 Religion 2 9003 Religion 3 9004 Religion 4 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) RELIGION (V130) reports the respondent's religion. While the categories and codes for the religion variable in the original DHS files are country-specific, IPUMS-DHS uses a 4-digit composite coding system to fit these diverse categories into a single variable without losing information.  See Comparability. IPUMS Ethnicity, Niger Ethnicity, Niger Ethnicity, Niger Ethnicity, Niger Ethnicity, Niger 117) What is your ethnicity? ARABE 01 DJERMA 02 GOURMANTH 03 HAUSSA 04 KAMOURI 05 MOSSI 06 PEULH 07 TOUAREG BELLA 08 TOUBOU 09 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 10 01 Arab 02 Djerma 03 Gourmanthe 04 Haoussa 05 Kanouri 06 Peulh 07 Toureg 08 Toubou 10 Other 11 Mossi 12 Other non-Niger 98 Missing ETHNICITYNE (V131NE) is a variable specific to Niger that reports responses to a question about the woman's ethnicity. The groups identified vary across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Woman's current marital or union status Woman's current marital or union status Woman's current marital or union status Woman's current marital or union status Woman's current marital or union status 501) Are you now married or in a union with a man? YES 1(GO TO 504) NO 2 10 Never married 20 Married or living together 21 Married 22 Living together 30 Formerly in union 31 Widowed 32 Divorced 33 Separated/not living together 98 Missing 11 Unconsummated marriage 34 Deserted MARSTAT (V501) reports the woman's current marital status. Response categories and question wording vary across surveys. See Comparability. IPUMS Woman never, currently, or formerly married Woman never, currently, or formerly married Woman never, currently, or formerly married Woman never, currently, or formerly married Woman never, currently, or formerly married 501) Are you now married or in a union with a man? YES 1(GO TO 504) NO 2 Never married 1 Currently married 2 Formerly married 8 Missing CURRMARR (V502) reports the woman's marital/union status as "Never married," "Currently married," or "Formerly married." "Never married" includes women who have never lived with a partner. "Currently married" includes women who are married and those who are not formally married but are living with a partner. "Formerly married" includes women who are widowed, divorced, or separated, or who have formerly lived with a partner. For samples restricted to ever-married women, only women who are formally married (not cohabiting) are included as "married." IPUMS Woman had one or more than one union Woman had one or more than one union Woman had one or more than one union Woman had one or more than one union Woman had one or more than one union 508) Have you been married or lived with a man only once, or more than one? ONCE 1 MORE THAN ONCE 2 One 1 More than one 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had ever been married or lived with a man, UNION1MORE (V503) indicates whether the respondent had been in one or more than one marriage/union. IPUMS Age at first marriage or cohabitation Age at first marriage or cohabitation Age at first marriage or cohabitation Age at first marriage or cohabitation Age at first marriage or cohabitation 510) How old were you when you started living with him? AGE: ___ DON'T KNOW AGE 98 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 96 Marriage not consummated 97 Inconsistent 98 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) AGEFRSTMAR (V511) reports the woman's age at the start of her first marriage or union. This usually refers to when the woman first started to live with her first husband or partner. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, "Age at start of first marriage or union is calculated from the century month code of the date of start of first marriage or union and the century month code of the date of birth of the respondent." IPUMS Marital or cohabitation duration (grouped) Marital or cohabitation duration (grouped) Marital or cohabitation duration (grouped) Marital or cohabitation duration (grouped) Marital or cohabitation duration (grouped) 509) In what month and year did you start living with him? MONTH: ___ DON'T KNOW MONTHS 98 YEAR: ___ DON'T KNOW YEARS 98 00 Never married 01 0 to 4 02 5 to 9 03 10 to 14 04 15 to 19 05 20 to 24 06 25 to 29 07 30+ 96 Marriage not consummated 98 Missing DURMARGRP (V513) reports the number of years elapsed since the woman's first marriage or cohabiting union until the date of the survey interview, in five-year groups. The duration is reported irrespective of whether the respondent is still married or in a union with her first partner. IPUMS Month of first marriage or cohabitation Month of first marriage or cohabitation Month of first marriage or cohabitation Month of first marriage or cohabitation Month of first marriage or cohabitation 509) In what month and year did you start living with him? MONTH: ___ DON'T KNOW MONTHS 98 YEAR: ___ DON'T KNOW YEARS 98 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Marriage not consummated 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who had ever been married or lived with a man, MAR1STMO (V507) reports the month of their first marriage or (for most samples) unmarried cohabitation. The year of the woman's first marriage/union is reported in MAR1STYR (V508). IPUMS Year of first marriage or cohabitation Year of first marriage or cohabitation Year of first marriage or cohabitation Year of first marriage or cohabitation Year of first marriage or cohabitation 509) In what month and year did you start living with him? MONTH: ___ DON'T KNOW MONTHS 98 YEAR: ___ DON'T KNOW YEARS 98 1943 1943 1944 1944 1945 1945 1946 1946 1947 1947 1948 1948 1949 1949 1950 1950 1951 1951 1952 1952 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 9996 Marriage not consummated 9997 Inconsistent 9998 Don't know 9999 NIU (not in universe) For women who had ever been married or lived with a man, MAR1STYR (V508) reports the year of their first marriage or (for most samples) unmarried cohabitation. The month of the woman's first marriage/union is reported in MAR1STMO (V507). IPUMS Years since starting date of 1st marriage or union Years since starting date of 1st marriage or union Years since starting date of 1st marriage or union Years since starting date of 1st marriage or union Years since starting date of 1st marriage or union 509) In what month and year did you start living with him? MONTH: ___ DON'T KNOW MONTHS 98 YEAR: ___ DON'T KNOW YEARS 98 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 98 Marriage not consummated 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who had ever been married or lived with a man, YRSTO1STMAR (V512) reports the number of years from the start of the woman's first marriage/union to the date of the survey interview. The calculation is made using century month codes for both dates. For the month and year of first marriage/union, see MAR1STMO (V507) and MAR1STYR (V508) respectively. IPUMS Date of first marriage or cohabitation (CMC) Date of first marriage or cohabitation (CMC) Date of first marriage or cohabitation (CMC) Date of first marriage or cohabitation (CMC) Date of first marriage or cohabitation (CMC) 509) In what month and year did you start living with him? MONTH: ___ DON'T KNOW MONTHS 98 YEAR: ___ DON'T KNOW YEARS 98 9996 Not consummated 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) MAR1STCMC (V509) reports the century month code (CMC) for the date of the woman's first marriage or cohabitation. Century month codes (CMC) are particularly useful checking the consistency of dates, calculating intervals between events, and imputing dates when the information for an event is missing or partially complete. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. The year 1900 was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS-relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 is: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed between January 1900 and June 2002. Starting with CMC figures, one can calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC - 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC - ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) The information above is based on "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006) [URL omitted from DDI.]. IPUMS Completeness of information, date of first marriage/union Completeness of information, date of first marriage/union Completeness of information, date of first marriage/union Completeness of information, date of first marriage/union Completeness of information, date of first marriage/union 509) In what month and year did you start living with him? MONTH: ___ DON'T KNOW MONTHS 98 YEAR: ___ DON'T KNOW YEARS 98 01 Month and year reported 02 Month and age reported, year imputed 03 Year and age reported, month imputed 05 Year reported, age and month imputed 06 Age reported, year and month imputed 08 Month reported, age and year imputed 09 Year and age reported, year ignored 10 Season and year reported 11 All values imputed 99 NIU (not in universe) 12 All reported, inconsistent MAR1STDATINFO (V510) reports the completeness of information for the date of the woman's first marriage or cohabitation. See Comparability. IPUMS Months between respondent's 1st marriage and 1st birth Months between respondent's 1st marriage and 1st birth Months between respondent's 1st marriage and 1st birth Months between respondent's 1st marriage and 1st birth Months between respondent's 1st marriage and 1st birth 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 998 First birth prior to first marriage 999 NIU (not in universe) MARTO1STBORNMO (V221) reports the number of months between the woman's first marriage (i.e., formal marriage or first episode of living with a man) and her first birth. For women whose first birth occurred before their first marriage, this variable is coded as '998.' IPUMS Number of other wives Number of other wives Number of other wives Number of other wives Number of other wives 506) How many other wives does he have? NUMBER: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 (GO TO 508) 00 No other wives 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 96 Has other wives, dk number 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who were currently married or living with a man, WIFENUM (V505) reports the number of other wives (or co-resident partners) their husband/partner had. Question wording varied across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Wife rank number Wife rank number Wife rank number Wife rank number Wife rank number 507) Are you the first, second, third'?spouse? RANK: ___ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women married to or living with a man who had more than one wife/partner, WIFERANK (V506) reports the woman's rank among her husband's/partner's wives/partners. IPUMS Husband/partner lives in woman's household Husband/partner lives in woman's household Husband/partner lives in woman's household Husband/partner lives in woman's household Husband/partner lives in woman's household 504) Does your husband/partner live with you, or is he staying elsewhere? LIVING WITH HER 1 STAYING ELSEWHERE 2 Living with woman 1 Staying elsewhere 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were currently married or living with a man, HUSBINHOME (V504) indicates whether the husband/partner lived with the woman or stayed elsewhere. IPUMS Total children ever born Total children ever born Total children ever born Total children ever born Total children ever born 209) CHECK 208: I want to make sure I understand: You have had (TOTAL) ___ births in your life. Is that correct? YES: ___ (GO TO 210) NO: ___ (PROBE AND CORRECT 201-208 AS NECESSARY) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 98 Missing 99 NIU (Not in universe) CHEB (V201) reports the total number of children ever born to the respondent. The number reported in CHEB is the sum of a series of variables covering the total number of sons and daughters who are living at home, living away from home, or who have died (V202 to V207). The number of births reported in CHEB will match the number of entries in the birth history (V224) for up to 20 births. If the woman reported more than 20 births, then the number for CHEB will exceed the number of births in the birth history, but such cases are rare. IPUMS Number of entries in the birth history Number of entries in the birth history Number of entries in the birth history Number of entries in the birth history Number of entries in the birth history 211) Now I would like to talk to you about your children, whether they are still alive or not, beginning with the first birth that you had. (IN 212 WRITE THE NAME OF EACH CHILD, WRITING THE NAMES OF TWINS OR TRIPLETS ON SEPARATE LINES) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 99 NIU (not in universe) TOTBIRTHIST (V224) reports the number of entries in the woman respondent's birth history. For up to 20 births, the birth history contains information for each of the respondent's births. In those rare cases when the respondent had more than 20 births, the birth history lists the last 19 births and the first birth. In cases where the women had fewer than 20 births, the number reported in TOTBIRTHIST will match the number reported in CHEB (V201), the total number of children ever born to the respondent. IPUMS Number of own sons living at home Number of own sons living at home Number of own sons living at home Number of own sons living at home Number of own sons living at home 203) How many sons live with you? And how many daughters? IF NONE, ENTER '00'. SONS AT HOME: ___ DAUGHTERS AT HOME: ___ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 99 NIU (not in universe) SONSATHOME (V202) reports the number of sons to whom the woman has given birth who are currently living with her. The related variable SONSAWAYHOME (V204) reports the number of sons to whom the woman has given birth and are still alive, but who are not currently living with her. IPUMS Number of own daughters living at home Number of own daughters living at home Number of own daughters living at home Number of own daughters living at home Number of own daughters living at home 204) Have you given birth to sons or daughters who are still living but do not currently live with you? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 206) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 99 NIU (not in universe) DAUSATHOME (V203) reports the number of daughters to whom the woman has given birth who are currently living with her. The related variable DAUSAWAYHOME (V205) reports the number of daughters to whom the woman has given birth and are still alive, but who are not currently living with her. IPUMS Number of own sons living away from home Number of own sons living away from home Number of own sons living away from home Number of own sons living away from home Number of own sons living away from home 205) How many sons are alive but not living with you? And how many daughters? IF NONE, ENTER '00'. SONS ELSEWHERE: ___ DAUGHTERS ELSEWHERE: ___ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 99 NIU (not in universe) SONSAWAYHOME (V204) reports the number of sons to whom the woman has given birth who are still alive, but who are not currently living with her. The related variable SONSATHOME (V202) reports the number of sons to whom the woman has given birth who are still alive, and who are currently living with her. IPUMS Number of own daughters living away from home Number of own daughters living away from home Number of own daughters living away from home Number of own daughters living away from home Number of own daughters living away from home 205) How many sons are alive but not living with you? And how many daughters? IF NONE, ENTER '00'. SONS ELSEWHERE: ___ DAUGHTERS ELSEWHERE: ___ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 99 NIU (not in universe) DAUSAWAYHOME (V205) reports the number of daughters to whom the woman has given birth who are still alive, but who are not currently living with her. The related variable DAUSATHOME (V203) reports the number of daughters to whom the woman has given birth who are still alive, and who are currently living with her. IPUMS Number of own sons who have died Number of own sons who have died Number of own sons who have died Number of own sons who have died Number of own sons who have died 207) In all, how many of your sons have died? And how many of your daughters? IF NONE, ENTER '00'. SONS DECEASED: ___ DAUGHTERS DECEASED: ___ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 99 NIU (not in universe) SONSDIED (V206) reports the number of sons to whom the woman has given birth who have died. IPUMS Number of own daughters who have died Number of own daughters who have died Number of own daughters who have died Number of own daughters who have died Number of own daughters who have died 207) In all, how many of your sons have died? And how many of your daughters? IF NONE, ENTER '00'. SONS DECEASED: ___ DAUGHTERS DECEASED: ___ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) DAUSDIED (V207) reports the number of daughters to whom the woman has given birth who have died. IPUMS Number of births in last 5 years Number of births in last 5 years Number of births in last 5 years Number of births in last 5 years Number of births in last 5 years 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 8 7 7 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 BIRTHSIN5YRS (V208) reports the number of births the woman had in the five years prior to the survey. This statistic is calculated based on the total number of births in the 0 to 59 months prior to the month of the interview. IPUMS Number of births in the past year Number of births in the past year Number of births in the past year Number of births in the past year Number of births in the past year 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 9 NIU (not in universe) 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 BIRTHSIN1YR (V209) reports the number of births the woman had in the year prior to the survey. This statistic is calculated based on the total number of births in the months 0 to 12 (not 0 to 11) prior to the month of the interview. For example, if the survey were given in January, BIRTHSIN1YR would report the number of births the woman had between the time of the survey and the previous January. IPUMS Total number of births in month of interview Total number of births in month of interview Total number of births in month of interview Total number of births in month of interview Total number of births in month of interview 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 1 1 2 2 3 3 9 NIU (not in universe) BIRTHSIN1MO (V210) reports the total number of births the woman had in the month of interview. IPUMS Date of respondent's first birth, in century months Date of respondent's first birth, in century months Date of respondent's first birth, in century months Date of respondent's first birth, in century months Date of respondent's first birth, in century months 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) DOB1STKIDCMC (V211) reports the century month code (CMC) for the date of the woman's first birth. The Guide to DHS Statistics (2003) explains the use and calculation of CMC values as follows: Century month codes (CMC) are particularly important to check consistency of dates, to calculate intervals between events, and to impute dates when the information for an event is missing or partially complete. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. That year was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 will be: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed since January 1900 to June 2002. Based on CMC it is possible to calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC - 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC - ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) IPUMS Time since woman's last menstrual period Time since woman's last menstrual period Time since woman's last menstrual period Time since woman's last menstrual period Time since woman's last menstrual period 226) When did your last period start? DAYS: ___ 1 WEEKS: ___ 2 MONTHS: ___ 3 YEARS: ___ 4 IN MENOPAUSE 994 BEFORE LAST BIRTH 995 NEVER MENSTRUATED 996 100 Day of Interview 101 Days: 1 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 131 31 days 132 32 days 133 33 days 134 34 days 135 35 days 136 36 days 137 37 days 138 38 days 139 39 days 140 40 days 141 41 days 142 42 days 143 43 days 144 44 days 145 45 days 146 46 days 147 47 days 148 48 days 149 49 days 150 50 days 151 51 days 152 52 days 153 53 days 154 54 days 155 55 days 156 56 days 157 57 days 158 58 days 159 59 days 160 60 days 161 61 days 162 62 days 163 63 days 164 64 days 165 65 days 166 66 days 167 67 days 168 68 days 169 69 days 170 70 days 171 71 days 172 72 days 173 73 days 174 74 days 175 75 days 176 76 days 177 77 days 178 78 days 179 79 days 180 80 days 181 81 days 182 82 days 183 83 days 184 84 days 185 85 days 186 86 days 187 87 days 188 88 days 189 89 days 190 90 days 191 91 days 192 92 days 193 93 days 194 94 days 195 95 days 196 96 days 197 97 days 198 98 days 199 Days: Number missing 200 Weeks 201 201 Weeks: 1 202 2 weeks 203 3 weeks 204 4 weeks 205 5 weeks 206 6 weeks 207 7 weeks 208 8 weeks 209 9 weeks 210 10 weeks 211 11 weeks 212 12 weeks 213 13 weeks 214 14 weeks 215 15 weeks 216 16 weeks 217 17 weeks 218 18 weeks 219 19 weeks 220 20 weeks 221 21 weeks 222 22 weeks 223 23 weeks 224 24 weeks 225 25 weeks 226 26 weeks 227 27 weeks 228 28 weeks 229 29 weeks 230 30 weeks 231 31 weeks 232 32 weeks 233 33 weeks 234 34 weeks 235 35 weeks 236 36 weeks 237 37 weeks 238 38 weeks 239 39 weeks 240 40 weeks 241 41 weeks 242 42 weeks 243 43 weeks 244 44 weeks 245 45 weeks 246 46 weeks 247 47 weeks 248 48 weeks 249 49 weeks 250 50 weeks 251 51 weeks 252 52 weeks 253 53 weeks 254 54 weeks 255 55 weeks 256 56 weeks 257 57 weeks 258 58 weeks 259 59 weeks 260 60 weeks 261 61 weeks 262 62 weeks 263 63 weeks 264 64 weeks 265 65 weeks 266 66 weeks 267 67 weeks 268 68 weeks 269 69 weeks 270 70 weeks 271 71 weeks 272 72 weeks 273 73 weeks 274 74 weeks 275 75 weeks 276 76 weeks 277 77 weeks 278 78 weeks 279 79 weeks 280 80 weeks 281 81 weeks 282 82 weeks 283 83 weeks 284 84 weeks 285 85 weeks 286 86 weeks 287 87 weeks 288 88 weeks 289 89 weeks 290 90 weeks 291 91 weeks 292 92 weeks 293 93 weeks 294 94 weeks 295 95 weeks 296 96 weeks 297 97 weeks 298 98 weeks 299 Weeks: Number missing 300 Months 301 301 Months: 1 302 2 months 303 3 months 304 4 months 305 5 months 306 6 months 307 7 months 308 8 months 309 9 months 310 10 months 311 11 months 312 12 months 313 13 months 314 14 months 315 15 months 316 16 months 317 17 months 318 18 months 319 19 months 320 20 months 321 21 months 322 22 months 323 23 months 324 24 months 325 25 months 326 26 months 327 27 months 328 28 months 329 29 months 330 30 months 331 31 months 332 32 months 333 33 months 334 34 months 335 35 months 336 36 months 337 37 months 338 38 months 339 39 months 340 40 months 341 41 months 342 42 months 343 43 months 344 44 months 345 45 months 346 46 months 347 47 months 348 48 months 349 49 months 350 50 months 351 51 months 352 52 months 353 53 months 354 54 months 355 55 months 356 56 months 357 57 months 358 58 months 359 59 months 360 60 months 361 61 months 362 62 months 363 63 months 364 64 months 365 65 months 366 66 months 367 67 months 368 68 months 369 69 months 370 70 months 371 71 months 372 72 months 373 73 months 374 74 months 375 75 months 376 76 months 377 77 months 378 78 months 379 79 months 380 80 months 381 81 months 382 82 months 383 83 months 384 84 months 385 85 months 386 86 months 387 87 months 388 88 months 389 89 months 390 90 months 391 91 months 392 92 months 393 93 months 394 94 months 395 95 months 396 96 months 397 97 months 398 98 months 399 Months: Number missing 400 Years 401 Years: 1 402 2 years 403 3 years 404 4 years 405 5 years 406 6 years 407 7 years 408 8 years 409 9 years 410 10 years 411 11 years 412 12 years 413 13 years 414 14 years 415 15 years 416 16 years 417 17 years 418 18 years 419 19 years 420 20 years 421 21 years 422 22 years 423 23 years 424 24 years 425 25 years 426 26 years 427 27 years 428 28 years 429 29 years 430 30 years 431 31 years 432 32 years 433 33 years 434 34 years 435 35 years 436 36 years 437 37 years 438 38 years 439 39 years 440 40 years 441 41 years 442 42 years 443 43 years 444 44 years 445 45 years 446 46 years 447 47 years 448 48 years 449 49+ years 499 Years: number missing 992 Currently pregnant 993 In menopause/had hysterectomy 994 Before last birth 995 Never menstruated 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) TIMEMENSTRUATE (V215) reports the time passed since the woman's last menstrual period, in days, weeks, months, or years. IPUMS Woman menstruated last 6 weeks Woman menstruated last 6 weeks Woman menstruated last 6 weeks Woman menstruated last 6 weeks Woman menstruated last 6 weeks 226) When did your last period start? DAYS: ___ 1 WEEKS: ___ 2 MONTHS: ___ 3 YEARS: ___ 4 IN MENOPAUSE 994 BEFORE LAST BIRTH 995 NEVER MENSTRUATED 996 No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) MENSTRUATE6WK (V216) indicates whether the woman menstruated in the 6 weeks prior to the interview, as calculated from TIMEMENSTRUATE (V215). IPUMS When in cycle thinks pregnancy is most likely When in cycle thinks pregnancy is most likely When in cycle thinks pregnancy is most likely When in cycle thinks pregnancy is most likely When in cycle thinks pregnancy is most likely 228) During which times of the month does a woman have the greatest chance of becoming pregnant? DURING HER PERIOD 1 RIGHT AFTER HER PERIOD HAS ENDED 2 IN THE MIDDLE OF THE CYCLE 3 JUST BEFORE HER PERIOD BEGINS 4 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 5 DON'T KNOW 8 1 During her period 2 After period ended 3 Middle of the cycle 4 Before period begins 5 At any time 6 Other/It depends 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) OVCYCLE (V217) suggests the woman's knowledge of the ovulatory cycle by reporting when she believes a woman has the greatest chance of becoming pregnant. IPUMS Total number of living children born to respondent Total number of living children born to respondent Total number of living children born to respondent Total number of living children born to respondent Total number of living children born to respondent 203) How many sons live with you? And how many daughters? IF NONE, ENTER '00'. SONS AT HOME: ___ DAUGHTERS AT HOME: ___ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 99 NIU (not in universe) CHEBALIVE (V218) reports the total number of children ever born to the respondent who are currently living. The number reported in CHEBALIVE (V218) is the sum of a series of variables reporting the total number of sons and daughters who are living at home and who are living away from home (V202 to V205 - SONSATHOME, DAUSATHOME, SONSAWAYHOME, and DAUSAWAYHOME). The related variable CHEB (V201) reports the total number of children ever born to the respondent, regardless of survival status. IPUMS Total number of living children including current pregnancy Total number of living children including current pregnancy Total number of living children including current pregnancy Total number of living children including current pregnancy Total number of living children including current pregnancy 203) How many sons live with you? And how many daughters? IF NONE, ENTER '00'. SONS AT HOME: ___ DAUGHTERS AT HOME: ___ 99 NIU (not in universe) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 19 19 18 18 CHSURVPLUSPG (V219) reports the woman's total number of living children, including her current pregnancy. CHSURVPLUSPG takes the value of CHEBALIVE (V218) and adds 1 if the respondent is pregnant. IPUMS Total number of living children, truncated at 6+ Total number of living children, truncated at 6+ Total number of living children, truncated at 6+ Total number of living children, truncated at 6+ Total number of living children, truncated at 6+ 203) How many sons live with you? And how many daughters? IF NONE, ENTER '00'. SONS AT HOME: ___ DAUGHTERS AT HOME: ___ 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6+ 9 NIU (not in universe) CHEBALIVETRUNC (V220) reports the woman's total number of living children (including current pregnancy), truncated at 6 or more children. This variable is a grouping of CHSURVPLUSPG (V219) truncated at 6+ children. IPUMS Interval between last birth and interview, in months Interval between last birth and interview, in months Interval between last birth and interview, in months Interval between last birth and interview, in months Interval between last birth and interview, in months 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 999 NIU (not in universe) For women who have ever given birth, LASTBIRTHTOINTMO (V222) reports the number of months between their last birth and the date of interview. IPUMS Completeness of information on date of conception, current pregnancy Completeness of information on date of conception, current pregnancy Completeness of information on date of conception, current pregnancy Completeness of information on date of conception, current pregnancy Completeness of information on date of conception, current pregnancy 224) How many months pregnant are you? MONTHS: ___ 1 Month- exact date 2 Date missing, imputed 9 NIU (not in universe) For pregnant women, CONCEPTDATEFLAG (V223) indicates the completeness of information relating to the date of conception of their current pregnancy. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, "This variable indicates whether the date of conception was exactly specified by the duration of the current pregnancy or the duration was imputed from other information." The related variable DURCURPREG reports the duration of the current pregnancy. IPUMS Flag for reported time since last menstrual period Flag for reported time since last menstrual period Flag for reported time since last menstrual period Flag for reported time since last menstrual period Flag for reported time since last menstrual period 00 No flag 01 Number GT interval since birth 02 Number plus amenorrhea GT interval 03 Number reported, but period not returned 04 Reported before last birth, but no birth 05 Reported before last birth, but period since 06 Reported never menstruated, but period returned 07 Reported time during pregnancy 08 Reported never menstruated but had kids 09 Reported period before last birth 99 NIU (not in universe) MENSTIMFLAG (V227) is a flag variable that indicates the type of problem, if any, found in editing responses on the time since the respondent's last menstrual period. Cases without a problem are coded 0. For time since last menstrual period, see TIMEMENSTRUATE (V215). IPUMS Computed time since last menstrual period Computed time since last menstrual period Computed time since last menstrual period Computed time since last menstrual period Computed time since last menstrual period 226) When did your last period start? DAYS: ___ 1 WEEKS: ___ 2 MONTHS: ___ 3 YEARS: ___ 4 IN MENOPAUSE 994 BEFORE LAST BIRTH 995 NEVER MENSTRUATED 996 000 No time difference 991 In menopause/had hysterectomy 992 Pregnant, not asked 993 In menopause 994 Before last birth 995 Never menstruated 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) TIMEMENSCALC (V226) reports the computed time since the respondent's last menstrual period. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, this variable is computed from the response for V215, with durations exceeding the interval since the last birth (V227 = 7,9) recoded to the response "Before last birth" (code 995) and inconsistent responses flagged on variable 227 (codes 1-6) recoded to 997. Restated in terms of IPUMS-DHS variables and variable labels, TIMEMENSCALC is computed from the response for TIMEMENSTRUATE (Time since woman's last menstrual period). Cases with durations exceeding the interval since the last birth, when MENSTIMFLAG (Flag for reported time since last menstrual period) has values for "Reported time during pregnancy" or "Reported period before last birth," are recoded as "Before last birth" in TIMEMENSCALC. Cases with inconsistent or implausible responses according to MENSTIMFLAG (for example, the woman reportedly never menstruated but she has given birth) are recoded to "Inconsistent" for TIMEMENSCALC. IPUMS Age of respondent at time of first birth Age of respondent at time of first birth Age of respondent at time of first birth Age of respondent at time of first birth Age of respondent at time of first birth 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 99 NIU (not in universe) 02 2 05 5 03 3 04 4 AGEAT1STBIRTH (V212) reports the age of the woman at the time of her first birth. This variable is calculated by using the century month code (CMC) of the date of the woman's first birth (DOB1STKIDCMC) and the CMC of the woman's date of birth (DOBCMC). IPUMS Total number of household members Total number of household members Total number of household members Total number of household members Total number of household members 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 HHMEMTOTAL (V136) reports the total number of members of the woman's household. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, HHMEMTOTAL is calculated by summing "the number of usual residents and the number of visitors who slept in the house the previous night that were listed in the household schedule." "Usual residents" of the household are identified by the RESIDENT variable. IPUMS Number of children under 5 in household Number of children under 5 in household Number of children under 5 in household Number of children under 5 in household Number of children under 5 in household 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 HHKIDLT5 (V137) reports the number of children age 5 and under who reside in the household. Visiting children are not included in the count. IPUMS Number of eligible women in household Number of eligible women in household Number of eligible women in household Number of eligible women in household Number of eligible women in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 36 36 36 99 No women age 15-49 HHELIGWOMEN (V138) reports the number of eligible women in the household, usually defined as women of childbearing age who slept in the household the previous night (regardless of whether they were usual residents or visitors). The age and marital status guidelines for defining eligible women varies across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Age of household head Age of household head Age of household head Age of household head Age of household head 98 Missing 97 97+ 96 96 95 95 94 94 93 93 92 92 91 91 90 90 89 89 88 88 87 87 86 86 85 85 84 84 83 83 82 82 81 81 80 80 79 79 78 78 77 77 76 76 75 75 74 74 73 73 72 72 71 71 70 70 69 69 68 68 67 67 66 66 65 65 64 64 63 63 62 62 61 61 60 60 59 59 58 58 57 57 56 56 55 55 54 54 53 53 52 52 51 51 50 50 49 49 48 48 47 47 46 46 45 45 44 44 43 43 42 42 41 41 40 40 39 39 38 38 37 37 36 36 35 35 34 34 33 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 HHEADAGE (V152) reports the age of the head of the household. IPUMS Age of household head (from HH record) Age of household head (from HH record) Age of household head (from HH record) Age of household head (from HH record) Age of household head (from HH record) 7) AGE: How old is (NAME)? NOTE '97' FOR 97 AND OLDER. AGE: ___ 98 Missing 96 Non-resident 95 95+ 94 94 93 93 92 92 91 91 90 90 89 89 88 88 87 87 86 86 85 85 84 84 83 83 82 82 81 81 80 80 79 79 78 78 77 77 76 76 75 75 74 74 73 73 72 72 71 71 70 70 69 69 68 68 67 67 66 66 65 65 64 64 63 63 62 62 61 61 60 60 59 59 58 58 57 57 56 56 55 55 54 54 53 53 52 52 51 51 50 50 49 49 48 48 47 47 46 46 45 45 44 44 43 43 42 42 41 41 40 40 39 39 38 38 37 37 36 36 35 35 34 34 33 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 99 NIU (not in universe) 01 1 97 Don't know HHEADAGEHH (HV220) reports the age of the head of the household. The information in HHEADAGEHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Sex of household head Sex of household head Sex of household head Sex of household head Sex of household head 8 Missing 2 Female 1 Male HHEADSEX (V151) reports the sex of the head of the household. IPUMS Sex of household head (from hh record) Sex of household head (from hh record) Sex of household head (from hh record) Sex of household head (from hh record) Sex of household head (from hh record) 6) SEX: Is (NAME) male or female? MALE 1 FEMALE 2 1 Male 2 Female 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HHEADSEXHH (HV219) reports the sex of the head of the household. The information in HHEADSEXHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Relationship structure in HH Relationship structure in HH Relationship structure in HH Relationship structure in HH Relationship structure in HH 1) NUMBER 8 Missing 6 Non-resident 5 Unrelated adults 4 Three plus related adults 3 Two adults, same sex 2 Two adults, opp sex 1 One adult No adults 9 NIU (not in universe) FAMSTRUCTR (HV217) indicates the relationship structure (no adults, one adult, two related adults of the opposite sex, two related adults of the same sex, three or more related adults, or unrelated adults) in the household. Only usual (de jure) household members aged 15 and over are considered in determining the household's relationship structure. FAMSTRUCTR is a constructed variable, based on information about each household member's age, sex, and relationship to the householder, which was collected when completing the listing of persons in the household at the time of the survey. The information in FAMSTRUCTR is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Number of rooms in HH used for sleeping Number of rooms in HH used for sleeping Number of rooms in HH used for sleeping Number of rooms in HH used for sleeping Number of rooms in HH used for sleeping 24) In your household, how many rooms do you use for sleeping? ROOMS: ___ 98 Missing 97 Don't know 35 35+ 34 34 33 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 01 1 00 96 Non-resident 99 NIU (not in universe) SLEEPROOMS (HV216) reports the number of rooms in the household used for sleeping. IPUMS Main material of floor Main material of floor Main material of floor Main material of floor Main material of floor 25) PRINCIPLE FLOORING MATERIAL. RECORD OBSERVATION. NATURAL FLOOR EARTH/SAND 11 FINISHED FLOOR PARQUET OR POLISHED WOOD 31 VINYL STRIPS 32 TILE 33 CEMENT 34 RUG 35 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 41 116 Mud and hay 999 NIU (not in universe) 391 Plaster 996 Non-resident 100 NATURAL 110 Earth-based 111 Earth, sand 112 Earth, mud 113 Earth, mud, clay 114 Sand 115 Dirt/Earth 120 Dung-based 121 Dung 122 Earth and dung 123 Mud, dung, sand 200 RUDIMENTARY 210 Wood 211 Wood planks 212 Wood and tile 213 Wood/palm/bamboo 220 Palm/bamboo 221 Palm/bamboo/leaves 230 Other rudimentary 231 Broken bricks 232 Adobe 233 Unfinished stone 300 FINISHED 310 Parquet/polished wood 311 Polished wood/vinyl/tiles 320 Vinyl/asphalt strips/linoleum 321 Linoleum 330 Tiles/mosaic 331 Ceramic tiles 332 Cement tiles 333 Ceramic/terrazo tiles 334 Ceramic/marble tiles 335 Tiles/brick 340 Cement/concrete 350 Carpet 360 Terrazzo 370 Stone 380 Bricks 390 Other finished 400 OTHER 997 Don't know 998 Missing 322 Vinyl 351 Mat FLOOR (HV213) reports the main material of the floor of the dwelling. Response categories vary widely across surveys but fall into broad groups (i.e., natural materials, rudimentary processed materials, and finished materials). See Comparability. IPUMS Main material of roof Main material of roof Main material of roof Main material of roof Main material of roof 26) MAIN ROOF MATERIAL. RECORD OBSERVATION. CONCRETE 01 SHEET METAL 02 BANCO [TRANSLATOR NOTE: A TYPE OF MUDBRICK OR ADOBE SPECIFIC TO WEST AFRICA] 03 STRAW 04 CANVAS 05 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 06 126 Mud and hay 118 Sticks/sticks with mud or dung 333 Reinforced brick cement 996 Non-resident 000 No roof 100 NATURAL 110 Thatch/palm leaf/grass/makuti 111 Thatch/palm leaf 112 Grass, thatch 113 Grass, thatch, makuti 114 Thatch 115 Thatch/mat/leaves 116 Leaves 117 Grass/leaves/mud 120 Earth 121 Mud 122 Dung, mud 123 Earth, mud 124 Sod 125 Sod/mud and grass mixture 130 Straw 200 RUDIMENTARY 210 Rustic mat 211 Rustic mat, plastic sheets 220 Plastic/polythene sheet 230 Palm/bamboo 231 Palm, bamboo, grass 232 Reed, bamboo 240 Wood planks 241 Wooden tiles, planks 242 Wood, mulch 250 Cardboard 260 Rudimentary - metal 261 Tin cans 262 Iron sheets 270 Other rudimentary 271 Mobile roofs of nomads 272 Skin 300 FINISHED 310 Metal 311 Metal, zinc 312 Corrugated metal sheet, asbestos 313 Corrugated iron 314 Tin 315 Asbetos 320 Wood 330 Cement/concrete 331 Cement 332 Concrete 340 Tiles 341 Ceramic tiles 342 Iron and tiles 343 Tiles/slate 344 Mud tiles 345 Ceramic tiles, harvey (steel) tiles 350 Cement fiber 351 Calamine/cement fiber 352 Asbestos, cement fiber 353 Zinc/cement fiber 360 Roofing shingles 370 Bricks 371 Unburnt bricks 372 Burnt brick 380 Stone 381 Loosely packed stone 382 Stone slabs 383 Slate 400 OTHER 998 Missing 273 Waste materials 999 NIU (not in universe) ROOF (HV215) reports the main material of the roof of the dwelling. Response categories vary widely across surveys but fall into broad groups (i.e., natural materials, rudimentary processed materials, and finished materials). See Comparability. IPUMS Has electricity Has electricity Has electricity Has electricity Has electricity 23 In your residence, do you have: Electricity? A radio? A television? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 8 Missing 1 Yes No 6 Non-resident ELECTRC (V119) indicates whether the household has electricity. Samples vary in how that information was collected. See Comparability. IPUMS Dwelling has electricity (from hh record) Dwelling has electricity (from hh record) Dwelling has electricity (from hh record) Dwelling has electricity (from hh record) Dwelling has electricity (from hh record) 23 In your residence, do you have: Electricity? A radio? A television? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ELECTRCHH (HV206) indicates whether the household has electricity. Samples vary in how that information was collected. The information in ELECTRCHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Type of toilet facility Type of toilet facility Type of toilet facility Type of toilet facility Type of toilet facility 22) What kind of toilet is there in your household? FLUSH TOILET OWN FLUSH TOILET 11 SHARED FLUSH TOILET 12 PUBLIC FLUSH TOILET 13 PIT TOILET OR LATRINE TRADITIONAL PIT TOILET 21 VENTILATED IMPROVED PIT (VIP) OR LATRINES 22 NO FACILITY/BRUSH/FIELD 31 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 41 3431 Pit latrine with ventilation pipe, no mesh 9996 Non-resident 0000 NO FACILITY 1000 FLUSH TOILET 1100 Unspecified type of flush toilet 1110 Own flush toilet (unspecified type) 1120 Shared flush toilet (unspecified type) 1200 Modern flush toilet 1210 Flush to piped sewer system 1300 Traditional with tank flush 1400 Bucket flush toilet 1410 Flush to pit latrine 1420 Flush to somewhere else 1430 Flush, don't know where 2000 NON-FLUSHING TOILET 2100 Composting toilet 2200 Dry toilet 2300 Ecosan toilet 3000 PIT TOILET LATRINE 3100 Unspecified type of pit latrine 3110 Own pit toilet or latrine (unspecified type) 3120 Shared pit toiletor latrine (unspecified type) 3121 Public pit toilet or latrine (unspecified type) 3200 Traditional pit toilet or latrine 3210 Pit latrine without slab or open pit 3300 Pit latrine with slab 3400 Ventilated improved pit latrine 3410 Covered pit latrine, no slab 3420 Covered pit latrine with slab 3430 Covered latrine 3440 Septic pit 4000 UNIMPROVED TOILET 4100 Bucket toilet 4200 River 4300 Hanging latrine over water source 5000 OTHER 9998 Missing 1112 Private flush toilet, outside residence 1211 Flush to piped sewer system, indoors 1212 Flush to piped sewer system, inside yard 1213 Flush to piped sewer system, out of yard 3310 Pit latrine with washable slab 3320 Pit latrine with non-washable slab 3490 Other improved system 3463 Latrine to piped public system, out of yard 3462 Latrine to piped public system, inside yard 3461 Latrine to piped public system, indoors 3443 Latrine to septic tank, out of yard 3442 Latrine to septic tank, inside yard 3441 Latrine to septic tank, indoors 3212 Open pit latrine, out of yard 3211 Open pit latrine, inside yard 1253 Flush to septic tank, out of yard 1252 Flush to septic tank, inside yard 1251 Flush to septic tank, indoors 1250 Flush to septic tank 1240 Flush, not to sewer 1233 Flush to ground water, out of yard 1232 Flush to ground water, inside yard 1231 Flush to ground water, indoors 3450 Latrine with manual flush 3460 Latrine to piped public system 9999 NIU (not in universe) 1230 Flush to pipe connected to ground water 1220 Flush to pipe connected to canal 1132 Public flush toilet, outside residence 1131 Public flush toilet, inside residence 1130 Public flush toilet (unspecified type) 1111 Private flush toilet, inside residence TOILETTYPE (HV205) reports the household's type of toilet facility, with no facility coded "0." Responses vary widely across surveys; see Comparability. The information in TOILETTYPE is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Major source of non-drinking water Major source of non-drinking water Major source of non-drinking water Major source of non-drinking water Major source of non-drinking water 18) Where does the water your household uses for hand and dishwashing come from? PIPED WATER PIPED INTO THE RESIDENCE/YARD/PLOT 11 (GO TO 20) PUBLIC TAP 12 WELL WATER WELL IN THE RESIDENCE/YARD/PLOT 21 (GO TO 20) PUBLIC WELL OR BOREHOLE 22 SURFACE WATER SPRING 31 RIVER OR STREAM 32 POND/LAKE 33 DAM 34 RAINWATER 41 (GO TO 20) WATER VENDOR 51 BOTTLED WATER 61 (GO TO 20) OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 71 9996 Non-resident 1000 PIPED WATER 1100 Piped into own dwelling/yard/plot 1110 Piped into own dwelling 1120 Piped into own yard/plot 1200 Piped outside own residence/plot 1210 Public tap/standpipe 1220 Piped into neighbor's dwelling/yard 2000 WELL WATER 2100 Unprotected/open well 2110 Open well in own dwelling/yard/plot 2111 Open well in own dwelling 2112 Open well in own yard/plot 2120 Open public well 2130 Open well in neighbor's residence 2200 Protected well 2210 Protected well in own dwelling/yard/plot 2211 Protected well in own dwelling 2212 Protected well in own yard/plot 2220 Protected public well 2230 Tube well or borehole 2231 Borehole in yard/plot 2232 Public borehole 2300 Unspecified well 2310 Unspecified well in residence/yard/plot 2311 Unspecified well in own dwelling 2312 Unspecified well in own yard/plot 2313 Handpump in yard/plot 2320 Unspecified public well 2321 Public shallow well 2322 Public traditional well 2323 Public handpump 2330 Unspecified neighbor's well 2340 Unspecified well by type 2341 Well with pump 2342 Well without pump 3000 SURFACE WATER 3100 Spring 3110 Protected spring 3120 Unprotected spring 3200 River/dam/lake/ponds/streams/canal/irrigation channel 3210 River, stream 3220 Pond, lake 3230 Dam 3240 Canal or river/canal 3250 Irrigation ditch 3260 Dugout pond 3300 Channeled by gravity flow scheme 4000 RAINWATER 4100 Rainwater collected in tank 5000 PURCHASED FROM SUPPLIER 5100 Tanker truck 5200 Cart with small tank 5300 Water vendor 5400 Bottled water 5410 Sachet water (in a bag) 6000 OTHER SOURCE 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) 5201 Motorcycle with 3 wheels NDRINKWTR (HV202) reports the household's main source of water for uses other than drinking (for example, cooking and washing). Responses vary widely across surveys; see Comparability. The information in NDRINKWTR is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Major source of drinking water Major source of drinking water Major source of drinking water Major source of drinking water Major source of drinking water 21) Where does the water your household uses for drinking come from? PIPED WATER PIPED INTO THE RESIDENCE/YARD/PLOT 11 PUBLIC TAP 12 WELL WATER WELL IN THE RESIDENCE/YARD/PLOT 21 PUBLIC WELL OR BOREHOLE 22 SURFACE WATER SPRING 31 RIVER OR STREAM 32 POND/LAKE 33 DAM 34 RAINWATER 41 WATER VENDOR 51 BOTTLED WATER 61 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 71 2213 Protected well in neighbor's residence/plot 9996 Non-resident 1000 PIPED WATER 1100 Piped into own dwelling/yard/plot 1110 Piped into own dwelling 1120 Piped into own yard/plot 1200 Piped outside own residence/plot 1210 Public tap/standpipe 1220 Piped into neighbor's dwelling/yard 2000 WELL WATER 2100 Unprotected/open well 2110 Open well in own dwelling/yard/plot 2111 Open well in own dwelling 2112 Open well in own yard/plot 2120 Open public well 2130 Open well in neighbor's residence 2200 Protected well 2210 Protected well in own dwelling/yard/plot 2211 Protected well in own dwelling 2212 Protected well in own yard/plot 2220 Protected public well 2230 Tube well or borehole 2231 Borehole in yard/plot 2232 Public borehole 2300 Unspecified well 2310 Unspecified well in residence/yard/plot 2311 Unspecified well in own dwelling 2312 Unspecified well in own yard/plot 2313 Handpump in yard/plot 2320 Unspecified public well 2321 Public shallow well 2322 Public traditional well 2323 Public handpump 2330 Unspecified neighbor's well 2340 Unspecified well by type 2341 Well with pump 2342 Well without pump 3000 SURFACE WATER 3100 Spring 3110 Protected spring/surface water 3120 Unprotected spring/surface water 3200 River/dam/lake/ponds/streams/canal/irrigation channel 3210 River, stream 3220 Pond, lake 3230 Dam 3240 Canal or river/canal 3250 Irrigation ditch 3260 Dugout pond 3300 Channeled by gravity flow scheme 4000 RAINWATER 4100 Rainwater collected in tank 5000 PURCHASED FROM SUPPLIER 5100 Tanker truck 5200 Cart with small tank 5300 Water vendor 5400 Bottled water 5410 Sachet water (in a bag) 6000 OTHER SOURCE 9998 Missing 1211 Public tap from filtration plant 1212 Public tap from stone pipes 5310 Water vendor from unknown source 5320 Water vendor from protected well 5330 Water vendor from unprotected well 5340 Water vendor from pond/lake 9999 NIU (not in universe) 5500 Community reverse osmosis plant 5201 Motorcycle with 3 wheels DRINKWTR (HV201) reports the household's main source of drinking water. Responses vary widely across surveys; see Comparability. The information in DRINKWTR is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Same water source used for drinking and other water Same water source used for drinking and other water Same water source used for drinking and other water Same water source used for drinking and other water Same water source used for drinking and other water 20) Does your household use water from the same source for drinking? YES 1 (GO TO 22) NO 2 8 Missing 1 Yes 6 Non-resident No SAMEH2OSRC (V142) indicates whether the household used the same source of water for drinking and for other uses (such as laundry and dishwashing). For samples without this variable, the information could be calculated by comparing the household's reported sources of drinking water and water for other uses. IPUMS Same water source used for drinking and other water (HH record) Same water source used for drinking and other water (HH record) Same water source used for drinking and other water (HH record) Same water source used for drinking and other water (HH record) Same water source used for drinking and other water (HH record) 20) Does your household use water from the same source for drinking? YES 1 (GO TO 22) NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) With information taken from the household record, SAMEH2OSRCHH (HV203) indicates whether the household used the same source of water for drinking and for other uses (such as laundry and dishwashing). For samples without this variable, the information could be calculated by comparing the household's reported sources of drinking water and water for other uses. The information in SAMEH2OSRCHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Time to water source (from individual respondent record) Time to water source (from individual respondent record) Time to water source (from individual respondent record) Time to water source (from individual respondent record) Time to water source (from individual respondent record) 19) How much time does it take to go there, get water, and come back? MINUTES: ___ ON LOCATION 996 000 0 (on premises) 001 1 002 2 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 035 35 036 36 037 37 038 38 039 39 040 40 041 41 042 42 043 43 044 44 045 45 046 46 047 47 048 48 049 49 050 50 051 51 052 52 053 53 054 54 055 55 056 56 057 57 058 58 059 59 060 60 061 61 062 62 063 63 064 64 065 65 066 66 067 67 068 68 069 69 070 70 071 71 072 72 073 73 074 74 075 75 076 76 077 77 078 78 079 79 080 80 081 81 082 82 083 83 084 84 085 85 086 86 087 87 088 88 089 89 090 90 091 91 092 92 093 93 094 94 095 95 096 96 097 97 098 98 099 99 100 100 101 101 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 107 107 108 108 109 109 110 110 111 111 112 112 113 113 114 114 115 115 116 116 117 117 118 118 119 119 120 120 121 121 122 122 123 123 124 124 125 125 126 126 127 127 128 128 129 129 130 130 131 131 132 132 133 133 134 134 135 135 136 136 137 137 138 138 139 139 140 140 141 141 142 142 143 143 144 144 145 145 146 146 147 147 148 148 149 149 150 150 151 151 152 152 153 153 154 154 155 155 156 156 157 157 158 158 159 159 160 160 161 161 162 162 163 163 164 164 165 165 166 166 167 167 168 168 169 169 170 170 171 171 172 172 173 173 174 174 175 175 176 176 177 177 178 178 179 179 180 180 181 181 182 182 183 183 184 184 185 185 186 186 187 187 188 188 189 189 190 190 191 191 192 192 193 193 194 194 195 195 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 200 200 201 201 202 202 203 203 204 204 205 205 206 206 207 207 208 208 209 209 210 210 211 211 212 212 213 213 214 214 215 215 216 216 217 217 218 218 219 219 220 220 221 221 222 222 223 223 224 224 225 225 226 226 227 227 228 228 229 229 230 230 231 231 232 232 233 233 234 234 235 235 236 236 237 237 238 238 239 239 240 240 241 241 242 242 243 243 244 244 245 245 246 246 247 247 248 248 249 249 250 250 251 251 252 252 253 253 254 254 255 255 256 256 257 257 258 258 259 259 260 260 261 261 262 262 263 263 264 264 265 265 266 266 267 267 268 268 269 269 270 270 271 271 272 272 273 273 274 274 275 275 276 276 277 277 278 278 279 279 280 280 281 281 282 282 283 283 284 284 285 285 286 286 287 287 288 288 289 289 290 290 291 291 292 292 293 293 294 294 295 295 296 296 297 297 298 298 299 299 300 300 301 301 302 302 303 303 304 304 305 305 306 306 307 307 308 308 309 309 310 310 311 311 312 312 313 313 314 314 315 315 316 316 317 317 318 318 319 319 320 320 321 321 322 322 323 323 324 324 325 325 326 326 327 327 328 328 329 329 330 330 331 331 332 332 333 333 334 334 335 335 336 336 337 337 338 338 339 339 340 340 341 341 342 342 343 343 344 344 345 345 346 346 347 347 348 348 349 349 350 350 351 351 352 352 353 353 354 354 355 355 356 356 357 357 358 358 359 359 360 360+ 994 One day or longer 995 On premises 996 Non-resident 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) TIMETOWTRIND (V115) reports the amount of time, in minutes, to get to the household's major source of water, top-coded at 360+ minutes. This information is taken from the individual woman's record. The complementary variable TIMETOWTRHH (HV204) reports the same information, taken from the household record. IPUMS Time to reach water source and return, in minutes (from HH record) Time to reach water source and return, in minutes (from HH record) Time to reach water source and return, in minutes (from HH record) Time to reach water source and return, in minutes (from HH record) Time to reach water source and return, in minutes (from HH record) 19) How much time does it take to go there, get water, and come back? MINUTES: ___ ON LOCATION 996 000 001 1 002 2 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 035 35 036 36 037 37 038 38 039 39 040 40 041 41 042 42 043 43 044 44 045 45 046 46 047 47 048 48 049 49 050 50 051 51 052 52 053 53 054 54 055 55 056 56 057 57 058 58 059 59 060 60 061 61 062 62 063 63 064 64 065 65 066 66 067 67 068 68 069 69 070 70 071 71 072 72 073 73 074 74 075 75 076 76 077 77 078 78 079 79 080 80 081 81 082 82 083 83 084 84 085 85 086 86 087 87 088 88 089 89 090 90 091 91 092 92 093 93 094 94 095 95 096 96 097 97 098 98 099 99 100 100 101 101 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 107 107 108 108 109 109 110 110 111 111 112 112 113 113 114 114 115 115 116 116 117 117 118 118 119 119 120 120 121 121 122 122 123 123 124 124 125 125 126 126 127 127 128 128 129 129 130 130 131 131 132 132 133 133 134 134 135 135 136 136 137 137 138 138 139 139 140 140 141 141 142 142 143 143 144 144 145 145 146 146 147 147 148 148 149 149 150 150 151 151 152 152 153 153 154 154 155 155 156 156 157 157 158 158 159 159 160 160 161 161 162 162 163 163 164 164 165 165 166 166 167 167 168 168 169 169 170 170 171 171 172 172 173 173 174 174 175 175 176 176 177 177 178 178 179 179 180 180 181 181 182 182 183 183 184 184 185 185 186 186 187 187 188 188 189 189 190 190 191 191 192 192 193 193 194 194 195 195 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 200 200 201 201 202 202 203 203 204 204 205 205 206 206 207 207 208 208 209 209 210 210 211 211 212 212 213 213 214 214 215 215 216 216 217 217 218 218 219 219 220 220 221 221 222 222 223 223 224 224 225 225 226 226 227 227 228 228 229 229 230 230 231 231 232 232 233 233 234 234 235 235 236 236 237 237 238 238 239 239 240 240 241 241 242 242 243 243 244 244 245 245 246 246 247 247 248 248 249 249 250 250 251 251 252 252 253 253 254 254 255 255 256 256 257 257 258 258 259 259 260 260 261 261 262 262 263 263 264 264 265 265 266 266 267 267 268 268 269 269 270 270 271 271 272 272 273 273 274 274 275 275 276 276 277 277 278 278 279 279 280 280 281 281 282 282 283 283 284 284 285 285 286 286 287 287 288 288 289 289 290 290 291 291 292 292 293 293 294 294 295 295 296 296 297 297 298 298 299 299 300 300 301 301 302 302 303 303 304 304 305 305 306 306 307 307 308 308 309 309 310 310 311 311 312 312 313 313 314 314 315 315 316 316 317 317 318 318 319 319 320 320 321 321 322 322 323 323 324 324 325 325 326 326 327 327 328 328 329 329 330 330 331 331 332 332 333 333 334 334 335 335 336 336 337 337 338 338 339 339 340 340 341 341 342 342 343 343 344 344 345 345 346 346 347 347 348 348 349 349 350 350 351 351 352 352 353 353 354 354 355 355 356 356 357 357 358 358 359 359 360 360+ 995 On premises 996 Non-resident 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) TIMETOWTRHH (HV204) reports the time in minutes it takes members of the household to get to their main source of water and return to their dwelling. In IPUMS-DHS, this variable is top-coded at 360 minutes or more (6 hours or longer). The information in TIMETOWTRHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has bicycle HH has bicycle HH has bicycle HH has bicycle HH has bicycle 27) Is there someone in your household who owns: A bicycle? A scooter or motorcycle? A car? A cart? BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 SCOOTER/MOTORCYCLE YES 1 NO 2 CAR YES 1 NO 2 CART YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing BIKE (V123) indicates whether any member of the household has a bicycle. IPUMS HH has bicycle (from HH record) HH has bicycle (from HH record) HH has bicycle (from HH record) HH has bicycle (from HH record) HH has bicycle (from HH record) 27) Is there someone in your household who owns: A bicycle? A scooter or motorcycle? A car? A cart? BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 SCOOTER/MOTORCYCLE YES 1 NO 2 CAR YES 1 NO 2 CART YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) BIKEHH (HV210) indicates whether any member of the household has a bicycle. The information in BIKEHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has car/truck HH has car/truck HH has car/truck HH has car/truck HH has car/truck 27) Is there someone in your household who owns: A bicycle? A scooter or motorcycle? A car? A cart? BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 SCOOTER/MOTORCYCLE YES 1 NO 2 CAR YES 1 NO 2 CART YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown CAR (V125) indicates whether any member of the household owns a car or truck (or other motor vehicle). The specific type of motor vehicle mentioned varies across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS HH has car/truck (from HH record) HH has car/truck (from HH record) HH has car/truck (from HH record) HH has car/truck (from HH record) HH has car/truck (from HH record) 27) Is there someone in your household who owns: A bicycle? A scooter or motorcycle? A car? A cart? BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 SCOOTER/MOTORCYCLE YES 1 NO 2 CAR YES 1 NO 2 CART YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) CARHH (HV212) indicates whether any member of the household owns a car or truck (or other motor vehicle). The specific type of motor vehicle mentioned varies across samples. See Comparability. The information in CARHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has motorcycle/scooter HH has motorcycle/scooter HH has motorcycle/scooter HH has motorcycle/scooter HH has motorcycle/scooter 27) Is there someone in your household who owns: A bicycle? A scooter or motorcycle? A car? A cart? BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 SCOOTER/MOTORCYCLE YES 1 NO 2 CAR YES 1 NO 2 CART YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown MOTORCYCL (V124) indicates whether any member of the household owns a motorcycle or scooter. IPUMS HH has motorcycle/scooter (from HH record) HH has motorcycle/scooter (from HH record) HH has motorcycle/scooter (from HH record) HH has motorcycle/scooter (from HH record) HH has motorcycle/scooter (from HH record) 27) Is there someone in your household who owns: A bicycle? A scooter or motorcycle? A car? A cart? BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 SCOOTER/MOTORCYCLE YES 1 NO 2 CAR YES 1 NO 2 CART YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) MOTORCYCLHH (HV211) indicates whether any member of the household owns a motorcycle or scooter. The information in MOTORCYCLHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has refrigerator HH has refrigerator HH has refrigerator HH has refrigerator HH has refrigerator 23 In your residence, do you have: Electricity? A radio? A television? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown FRIDGE (V122) indicates whether the household has a refrigerator. Some samples specified that the refrigerator must be working or must be owned by the household. See comparability. IPUMS HH has refrigerator (from HH record) HH has refrigerator (from HH record) HH has refrigerator (from HH record) HH has refrigerator (from HH record) HH has refrigerator (from HH record) 23 In your residence, do you have: Electricity? A radio? A television? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) FRIDGEHH (HV209) indicates whether the household has a refrigerator. Some samples specified that the refrigerator must be working or owned by the household. See Comparability. The information in FRIDGEHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has radio HH has radio HH has radio HH has radio HH has radio 23 In your residence, do you have: Electricity? A radio? A television? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 8 Unknown 1 Yes No 6 Non-resident RADIO (V120) indicates whether the household has a radio. Some samples specified that the radio must be working or fit other specifications. See Comparability. IPUMS HH has radio (from HH record) HH has radio (from HH record) HH has radio (from HH record) HH has radio (from HH record) HH has radio (from HH record) 23 In your residence, do you have: Electricity? A radio? A television? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) RADIOHH (HV207) indicates whether any member of the household owns a radio. Some samples specified that the radio must be working or fit other specifications. See Comparability. The information in RADIOHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has television HH has television HH has television HH has television HH has television 23 In your residence, do you have: Electricity? A radio? A television? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown TELEVISION (V121) indicates whether the household has a television. Some samples specified that the TV must be in working order. See Comparability. IPUMS HH has television (from HH record) HH has television (from HH record) HH has television (from HH record) HH has television (from HH record) HH has television (from HH record) 23 In your residence, do you have: Electricity? A radio? A television? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) TVHH (HV208) indicates whether any member of the household has a television. Some samples specified that the TV must be in working order. See Comparability. The information in TVHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has animal-drawn cart HH has animal-drawn cart HH has animal-drawn cart HH has animal-drawn cart HH has animal-drawn cart 27) Is there someone in your household who owns: A bicycle? A scooter or motorcycle? A car? A cart? BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 SCOOTER/MOTORCYCLE YES 1 NO 2 CAR YES 1 NO 2 CART YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) DRAWNCART indicates whether a household member owned an animal-drawn cart. Question wording varied across samples; see Comparability. The information in DRAWNCART is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Currently working Currently working Currently working Currently working Currently working 708) Aside from your own housework, are you currently working? YES 1 (GO TO 710) NO 2 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneous 12 Yes, prompted 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) CURRWORK (V714) indicates whether the woman is currently working at a job or business. To distinguish employment from household labor, many surveys included a preface such as the following: "As you know, some women take up jobs for which they are paid in cash or in kind. Others sell things, have a small business or work on the family farm or in the family business." Women who have worked outside of their own housework in the last 12 months and been paid in cash, cash and in-kind, or only in-kind payments are included as working, although the survey questions vary in who receives an affirmative response. See Comparability. IPUMS Woman's occupation Woman's occupation Woman's occupation Woman's occupation Woman's occupation 710) What is your main occupation, that is, what kind of work do you do? ____ 00 Not currently working 10 Professional, technical, or managerial worker 20 Clerical or Sales 21 Clerical worker 22 Sales worker 30 Agricultural 31 Self-employed agricultural worker 32 Agricultural employee 40 Household, domestic, and services 41 Household and domestic worker 42 Services worker 50 Skilled and unskilled manual 51 Skilled manual worker 52 Unskilled manual worker 60 Armed forces 96 Other 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) WKCURRJOB (V717) reports the occupation of the respondent in somewhat standardized categories. The categories included, and the degree of detail within broad categories (e.g., self-employed versus employee in agriculture, or simply agriculture), vary across samples. IPUMS-DHS employs composite coding to maximize comparability across samples (using the first digit of the codes to indicate broad job categories) without loss of detailed information (preserved in the second digit). The category "agriculture" includes fishermen, foresters, breeders, and hunters as well as farmers. IPUMS Respondent's current type of employment. Respondent's current type of employment. Respondent's current type of employment. Respondent's current type of employment. Respondent's current type of employment. 711) In your work, do you work for a family member, for someone else, or are you self-employed? FOR FAMILY MEMBER 1 FOR SOMEONE ELSE 2 SELF-EMPLOYED 3 8 Missing Did not work 1 Paid employee, away 2 Paid employee, home 3 Self-employed, away 4 Self-employed, home 5 Unpaid worker, away 6 Unpaid worker, home WKCURRTYPE (V718) indicates the woman's current type of employment, along the two dimensions of class of worker (paid, self-employed, unpaid) and location (at home or away). IPUMS Whom the respondent works for Whom the respondent works for Whom the respondent works for Whom the respondent works for Whom the respondent works for 711) In your work, do you work for a family member, for someone else, or are you self-employed? FOR FAMILY MEMBER 1 FOR SOMEONE ELSE 2 SELF-EMPLOYED 3 24 For someone else 23 For someone else (unpaid) 10 Works for self 11 Self-employed 12 Employer 20 Works for someone else 21 For family member (unpaid) 22 For family member 30 Works for self and someone else 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 40 Other WHOWORKFOR (V719) indicates whether the respondent works for a family member, for someone else, or is self-employed. IPUMS Woman earns cash for work Woman earns cash for work Woman earns cash for work Woman earns cash for work Woman earns cash for work 712) Do you earn money for this work? PROBE: Do you make money for working? YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) WKEARNCASH (V720) indicates whether the woman earns cash for her work. IPUMS Woman works at home or away from home Woman works at home or away from home Woman works at home or away from home Woman works at home or away from home Woman works at home or away from home 713) Do you do this work at home or away from home? HOME 1 AWAY 2 1 At home 2 Away 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) WKHOMEAWAY (V721) indicates whether the respondent currently works at home or away from home. IPUMS Child with woman while working Child with woman while working Child with woman while working Child with woman while working Child with woman while working 715) While you are working, do you usually have (NAME OF YOUNGEST CHILD AT HOME) with you, sometimes with you, or never with you? USUALLY 1 (GO TO 801) SOMETIMES 2 NEVER 3 10 Child usually with respondent 20 Child sometimes with respondent 21 Child rarely with respondent 30 Child never with respondent 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently working and who have a young child living at home, WKKIDWITH (V722) reports how often the woman has her child with her while she is working. IPUMS Who cares for youngest child while woman works Who cares for youngest child while woman works Who cares for youngest child while woman works Who cares for youngest child while woman works Who cares for youngest child while woman works 716) Who usually takes care of (NAME OF YOUNGEST CHILD AT HOME) while you are working? HUSBAND/PARTNER 01 OLDER CHILD(REN) 02 OTHER RELATIVES 03 NEIGHBORS 04 FRIENDS 05 SERVANT/HIRED HELP 06 CHILD IS IN SCHOOL 07 INSTITUTIONAL CHILDCARE 08 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 09 00 Respondent 01 Husband /partner 02 Other child 03 Other relatives 04 Neighbors 05 Friends 06 Servants /hired help 07 Child is in school 08 Institutional care 09 Child's grandparents 10 Other female child 11 Other male child 95 Not worked since birth 96 Other 97 Don't know 98 Missing For women who are currently working and who have a young child living at home, WKKIDCARE (V723) reports who usually cares for the youngest child while the woman is working. IPUMS Partner's occupation Partner's occupation Partner's occupation Partner's occupation Partner's occupation 705) What kind of work does (did) your (last) husband mainly do? ____ 10 Did not work 11 Not working, student or applicant 12 Unemployed 13 Student 20 Prof., Tech., Manag. 30 Clerical or Sales 31 Clerical 32 Sales 40 Agricultural, breeding, fishing, forest 41 Agriculture, self-employed 42 Agriculture, employee 50 Household, domestic, and services 51 Household and domestic 52 Services 60 Skilled and unskilled manual 61 Skilled manual 62 Unskilled manual 70 Other 71 Army 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) HUSJOB (V705) reports the occupation of the woman's husband/partner in somewhat standardized categories. The categories included, and the degree of detail within broad categories (e.g., self-employed versus employee in agriculture, or simply agriculture), vary across samples. IPUMS-DHS employs composite coding to maximize comparability across samples (using the first digit of the codes to indicate broader job categories) without loss of detailed information (preserved in the second digit). The category "agriculture" includes fishermen, foresters, breeders, and hunters as well as farmers. IPUMS Type of land where partner works Type of land where partner works Type of land where partner works Type of land where partner works Type of land where partner works 707) (Does/did) your husband/partner work mainly on his own land or family land or someone else's land? HIS/FAMILY LAND 1 RENTED LAND 2 SOMEONE ELSE'S LAND 3 10 Own/family land 11 Own land 12 Family land 20 Someone else's land 30 Rented land 40 Other responses 41 Public land/govt allocation 42 Communal land/shifting cultivation 43 Sharecropper 44 Other, unspecified 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently married and whose husband or partner works in agriculture, WKHUSLAND (V707) reports the type of land where he works. IPUMS Reported literacy Reported literacy Reported literacy Reported literacy Reported literacy 111) Do you know how to read and understand a letter or a newspaper easily, with difficulty, or not at all? EASILY 1 WITH DIFFICULTY 2 NOT AT ALL 3 (GO TO 113) 00 Cannot read 10 Reads 11 Reads with difficulty 12 Reads easily 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) LIT1 (V108) indicates whether the woman could read. This information was obtained in response to the question, "Can you read a letter or newspaper easily, with difficulty, or not at all?" In many countries, persons with secondary or higher levels of schooling were presumed to "read easily," but coding criteria varied across countries. Simply asking women whether and how easily they could read was the approach used to determine literacy in DHS Phases 1-3. Beginning in Phase 4, a different approach was employed to determine literacy. See LIT2 (V155) for details about that second approach, which involved having the respondent read a sentence aloud. See LITBRIG for information about using the data on literacy across all phases of the DHS. IPUMS Literacy bridging variable Literacy bridging variable Literacy bridging variable Literacy bridging variable Literacy bridging variable 111) Do you know how to read and understand a letter or a newspaper easily, with difficulty, or not at all? EASILY 1 WITH DIFFICULTY 2 NOT AT ALL 3 (GO TO 113) 10 Yes, reads 11 Reads easily/whole sentence 12 Reads with difficulty/part of sentence 20 No, cannot read 30 Not ascertained (blind or diff. language) 31 No card with required language 32 Blind or visually impaired 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) LITBRIG serves as a bridging variable between two approaches to collecting information on literacy. Initially, respondents were asked, "Can you read a letter or newspaper easily, with difficulty, or not at all?" In many countries, persons with secondary or higher levels of schooling were presumed to "read easily," but coding criteria varied across countries. Beginning with Phase 4 of the DHS, persons with less than secondary school education were asked to demonstrate their literacy level by reading aloud a sentence on a card and were classified as "cannot read at all," "able to read only parts of sentence," and "able to read whole sentence." As before, those with secondary or higher schooling were presumed to have attained the highest literacy level. LITBRIG combines information from the first approach of asking about literacy (in LIT1 [V108]) and the second approach of testing literacy based on reading a sentence aloud (in LIT2 [V155]). See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Highest educational level Highest educational level Highest educational level Highest educational level Highest educational level 108) What is the highest level of education that you have attained: primary, first cycle of secondary, second cycle of secondary, or higher? PRIMARY 1 FIRST CYCLE OF SECONDARY 2 SECOND CYCLE OF SECONDARY 3 HIGHER 4 No education 1 Primary 2 Secondary 3 Higher 8 Missing For women who ever went to school, EDUCLVL (V106) reports the highest level of school they attended. Countries vary in the gradations of their school systems, but EDUCLVL is a standardized variable reporting level of education in four broad categories: No education, Primary, Secondary, and Higher. The DHS recode manuals state, "In some countries the educational system does not fit naturally within this scheme, and a different categorization was used for the Final Report. In this case, this variable is constructed as accurately as possible from the country's own scheme, and the variable used for the Final Report is included as a country-specific variable." IPUMS Highest year of education in level Highest year of education in level Highest year of education in level Highest year of education in level Highest year of education in level 109) What was the last grade you completed at this level? GRADES FOR PRIMARY INTRODUCTORY COURSE 1 PREPARATORY COURSE 2 ELEMENTARY COURSE 1 3 ELEMENTARY COURSE 2 4 MID-LEVEL COURSE 1 5 MID-LEVEL COURSE 2 6 GRADES FOR SECONDARY, FIRST CYCLE 6TH 1 5TH 2 4TH 3 3RD 4 DON'T KNOW 8 GRADES FOR SECONDARY, SECOND 2ND 1 1ST 2 FINAL YEAR 3 DON'T KNOW 8 GRADES FOR HIGHER LEVEL FIRST YEAR 1 SECOND YEAR 2 THIRD YEAR 3 FOURTH YEAR AND HIGHER 4 DON'T KNOW 8 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who ever attended school, YRSCHL (V107) reports the number of years of education completed at the highest level of schooling achieved (primary, secondary, or higher), as reported in EDUCLVL (V106). See Comparability. For the woman's total years of education, see EDYRTOTAL (V133). IPUMS Total years education Total years education Total years education Total years education Total years education 109) What was the last grade you completed at this level? GRADES FOR PRIMARY INTRODUCTORY COURSE 1 PREPARATORY COURSE 2 ELEMENTARY COURSE 1 3 ELEMENTARY COURSE 2 4 MID-LEVEL COURSE 1 5 MID-LEVEL COURSE 2 6 GRADES FOR SECONDARY, FIRST CYCLE 6TH 1 5TH 2 4TH 3 3RD 4 DON'T KNOW 8 GRADES FOR SECONDARY, SECOND 2ND 1 1ST 2 FINAL YEAR 3 DON'T KNOW 8 GRADES FOR HIGHER LEVEL FIRST YEAR 1 SECOND YEAR 2 THIRD YEAR 3 FOURTH YEAR AND HIGHER 4 DON'T KNOW 8 98 Missing 97 Don't know 26 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 01 1 00 96 Inconsistent 27 27 EDYRTOTAL (V133) reports the woman's education level in single years. This variable is constructed from responses to EDUCLVL (V106) and YRSCHL (V107) as follows: If EDUCLVL = "No education," EDYRTOTAL = "0" If EDUCLVL = "Primary," EDYRTOTAL = YRSCHL If EDUCLVL = "Secondary," EDYRTOTAL = YRSCHL + x If EDUCLVL = "Higher," EDYRTOTAL = YRSCHL + y If EDUCLVL = "Missing," EDYRTOTAL = "Missing" In the above equations, "x" equals the number of years needed to complete primary education, and "y" equals the number of years needed to complete primary and secondary education. The values of "x" and "y" are country-specific. IPUMS Summary educational achievement Summary educational achievement Summary educational achievement Summary educational achievement Summary educational achievement 109) What was the last grade you completed at this level? GRADES FOR PRIMARY INTRODUCTORY COURSE 1 PREPARATORY COURSE 2 ELEMENTARY COURSE 1 3 ELEMENTARY COURSE 2 4 MID-LEVEL COURSE 1 5 MID-LEVEL COURSE 2 6 GRADES FOR SECONDARY, FIRST CYCLE 6TH 1 5TH 2 4TH 3 3RD 4 DON'T KNOW 8 GRADES FOR SECONDARY, SECOND 2ND 1 1ST 2 FINAL YEAR 3 DON'T KNOW 8 GRADES FOR HIGHER LEVEL FIRST YEAR 1 SECOND YEAR 2 THIRD YEAR 3 FOURTH YEAR AND HIGHER 4 DON'T KNOW 8 No education 1 Incomplete primary 2 Complete primary 3 Incomplete secondary 4 Complete secondary 5 Higher 8 Missing EDACHIEVER (V149) is a summary variable that reports the woman's highest level of education in broad categories. Countries vary in the gradations of their school systems, but EDACHIEVER is a standardized variable providing the level of education in six categories: No education, Incomplete primary, Complete primary, Incomplete secondary, Complete secondary, and Higher. EDACHIEVER is constructed from information contained in EDUCLVL (V106) and YRSCHL (V107). IPUMS Woman still in school Woman still in school Woman still in school Woman still in school Woman still in school 10) IF UNDER 25 YEARS OLD: Does (NAME) still go to school? YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) INSCHOOL (V148) indicates whether young women are currently attending school or university. Women age 24 or older are assumed to no longer be in school and automatically coded as "No" (code "0"). IPUMS Partner's educational level Partner's educational level Partner's educational level Partner's educational level Partner's educational level 703) What is the highest level of school that he reached: primary, post-primary, secondary, or higher? PRIMARY 1 SECONDARY, FIRST CYCLE 2 SECONDARY, SECOND CYCLE 3 HIGHER 4 DON'T KNOW 8 (GO TO 705) No education 1 Primary 2 Secondary 3 Higher 4 Other 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had ever been married or lived with a man, HUSEDLVL (V701) reports the highest level of school attended by their most recent husband/partner. Countries vary in the gradations of their school systems, but HUSEDLVL is a standardized variable reporting the level of education in four categories: No education, Primary, Secondary, and Higher. The DHS recode manuals state, "In some countries the educational system does not fit naturally within this scheme, and a different categorization was used for the Final Report. In this case, this variable is constructed as accurately as possible from the country's own scheme, and the variable used for the Final Report is included as a country-specific variable." IPUMS Partner's highest year of education in level Partner's highest year of education in level Partner's highest year of education in level Partner's highest year of education in level Partner's highest year of education in level 704) What was the last (grade, year) that he completed at that level? GRADE: ___ DON'T KNOW 8 CLASSES FOR PRIMARY LEVEL INTRODUCTORY COURSE 1 PREPARATORY COURSE 2 ELEMENTARY COURSE 1 3 ELEMENTARY COURSE 2 4 MID-LEVEL COURSE 1 5 MID-LEVEL COURSE 2 6 CLASSES FOR SECONDARY, FIRST CYCLE LEVEL 6TH 1 5TH 2 4TH 3 3RD 4 DON'T KNOW 8 CLASSES FOR SECONDARY, SECOND CYCLE LEVEL 2ND 1 1ST 2 FINAL YEAR 3 DON'T KNOW 8 CLASSES FOR HIGHER LEVEL FIRST YEAR 1 SECOND YEAR 2 THIRD YEAR 3 FOURTH YEAR AND HIGHER 4 DON'T KNOW 8 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 95 Other 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women whose most recent husband/partner had ever attended school, HUSEDYR (V702) reports the number of years of schooling completed by their husband/partner at the educational level (primary, secondary, or higher) reported in HUSEDLVL (V701). For the husband's total years of education, see HUSEDYRS (V715). IPUMS Partner's education in total years schooling Partner's education in total years schooling Partner's education in total years schooling Partner's education in total years schooling Partner's education in total years schooling 704) What was the last (grade, year) that he completed at that level? GRADE: ___ DON'T KNOW 8 CLASSES FOR PRIMARY LEVEL INTRODUCTORY COURSE 1 PREPARATORY COURSE 2 ELEMENTARY COURSE 1 3 ELEMENTARY COURSE 2 4 MID-LEVEL COURSE 1 5 MID-LEVEL COURSE 2 6 CLASSES FOR SECONDARY, FIRST CYCLE LEVEL 6TH 1 5TH 2 4TH 3 3RD 4 DON'T KNOW 8 CLASSES FOR SECONDARY, SECOND CYCLE LEVEL 2ND 1 1ST 2 FINAL YEAR 3 DON'T KNOW 8 CLASSES FOR HIGHER LEVEL FIRST YEAR 1 SECOND YEAR 2 THIRD YEAR 3 FOURTH YEAR AND HIGHER 4 DON'T KNOW 8 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 95 Other 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who had ever been married or lived with a man, HUSEDYRS (V715) reports the education of the woman's most recent husband/partner in single years. This variable is constructed from responses to HUSEDLVL (V701) and HUSEDYR (V702) as follows: If HUSEDLVL = "No education," HUSEDYRS = "0" If HUSEDLVL = "Primary," HUSEDYRS = HUSEDYR If HUSEDLVL = "Secondary," HUSEDYRS = HUSEDYR + x If HUSEDLVL = "Higher," HUSEDYRS = HUSEDYR + y If HUSEDLVL = "Missing," HUSEDYRS = "Missing" In the above equations, "x" equals the number of years needed to complete primary education, and "y" equals the number of years needed to complete primary and secondary education. The values of "x" and "y" are country-specific. IPUMS Husband's summary educational achievement Husband's summary educational achievement Husband's summary educational achievement Husband's summary educational achievement Husband's summary educational achievement 704) What was the last (grade, year) that he completed at that level? GRADE: ___ DON'T KNOW 8 CLASSES FOR PRIMARY LEVEL INTRODUCTORY COURSE 1 PREPARATORY COURSE 2 ELEMENTARY COURSE 1 3 ELEMENTARY COURSE 2 4 MID-LEVEL COURSE 1 5 MID-LEVEL COURSE 2 6 CLASSES FOR SECONDARY, FIRST CYCLE LEVEL 6TH 1 5TH 2 4TH 3 3RD 4 DON'T KNOW 8 CLASSES FOR SECONDARY, SECOND CYCLE LEVEL 2ND 1 1ST 2 FINAL YEAR 3 DON'T KNOW 8 CLASSES FOR HIGHER LEVEL FIRST YEAR 1 SECOND YEAR 2 THIRD YEAR 3 FOURTH YEAR AND HIGHER 4 DON'T KNOW 8 No education 1 Incomplete primary 2 Complete primary 3 Incomplete secondary 4 Complete secondary 5 Higher 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HUSEDACHIEVER (V729) is a summary variable that reports the highest level of education in broad categories for the woman's husband/partner. Countries vary in the gradations of their school systems, but HUSEDACHIEVER is a standardized variable providing the level of education in six categories: No education, Incomplete primary, Complete primary, Incomplete secondary, Complete secondary, and Higher. HUSEDACHIEVER is constructed from information contained in the HUSEDLVL (V701) and HUSEDYR (V702) variables. IPUMS Reads newspaper once a week Reads newspaper once a week Reads newspaper once a week Reads newspaper once a week Reads newspaper once a week 112) Do you read a journal or magazine practically at least once a week? YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) NEWSWK (V109) indicates whether the woman usually reads a newspaper or magazine at least once a week. For a comparable variable reporting the frequency of newspaper or magazine reading, see NEWSFQ (V157). For a variable bridging NEWSWK and NEWSFQ, see NEWSBRIG. IPUMS Reads newspaper: Bridging variable Reads newspaper: Bridging variable Reads newspaper: Bridging variable Reads newspaper: Bridging variable Reads newspaper: Bridging variable 112) Do you read a journal or magazine practically at least once a week? YES 1 NO 2 00 No 01 No, not at all 02 No, less than once a week 10 Yes 11 At least once a week 12 Almost every day 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 97 Don't know NEWSBRIG serves as a bridging variable between two approaches to collecting information on exposure to newspapers and magazines. For DHS Phases 1-3, respondents were asked whether they read a newspaper or magazine at least once a week (NEWSWK (V109)). Beginning in DHS Phase 4, respondents were asked how often they read newspapers or magazines (NEWSFQ (V157)). NEWSBRIG uses composite coding to combine data from these two approaches. See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Watches TV every week Watches TV every week Watches TV every week Watches TV every week Watches TV every week 114) Do you watch television at least once a week? YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TVWK (V110) indicates whether the woman usually watches television at least once a week. For a comparable variable reporting the frequency of watching television, see TVFQ (V159). For a variable bridging TVWK and TVFQ, see TVBRIG. IPUMS Watches television: Bridging variable Watches television: Bridging variable Watches television: Bridging variable Watches television: Bridging variable Watches television: Bridging variable 114) Do you watch television at least once a week? YES 1 NO 2 00 No 01 No, not at all 02 No, less than once a week 10 Yes 11 At least once a week 12 Almost every day 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 97 Don't know TVBRIG serves as a bridging variable between two approaches to collecting information on exposure to television. For DHS Phases 1-3, respondents were asked whether they watch television at least once a week (TVWK (V110)). Beginning in DHS Phase 4, respondents were asked how often they watch television (TVFQ (V159)). TVBRIG uses composite coding to combine data from these two approaches; see Comparability. IPUMS Listens to radio every week Listens to radio every week Listens to radio every week Listens to radio every week Listens to radio every week 113) Do you listen to the radio at least once a week? YES 1 NO 2 1 Yes 8 Missing No RADIOWK (V112) indicates whether the woman usually listens to the radio at least once a week. Women who reported that they listen to the radio daily (see RADIODAY (V111)) were automatically coded as "Yes." For a comparable variable reporting the frequency of listening to the radio, see RADIOFQ (V158). For a variable bridging RADIOWK and RADIOFQ, see RADIOBRIG. IPUMS Listens to radio: Bridging variable Listens to radio: Bridging variable Listens to radio: Bridging variable Listens to radio: Bridging variable Listens to radio: Bridging variable 113) Do you listen to the radio at least once a week? YES 1 NO 2 00 No 01 Not at all 02 Less than once a week 10 Yes 11 At least once a week 12 Almost every day 98 Missing 97 Don't know RADIOBRIG serves as a bridging variable between two approaches to collecting information on exposure to the radio. For DHS Phases 1-3, respondents were asked whether they listen to the radio at least once a week (RADIOWK (V112)). Beginning in DHS Phase 4, respondents were asked how often they listen to the radio (RADIOFQ (V158)). RADIOBRIG uses composite coding to combine data from these two approaches; see Comparability. IPUMS Fertility preferences Fertility preferences Fertility preferences Fertility preferences Fertility preferences 603) CHECK 223: NOT PREGNANT OR UNSURE: Now I have some questions about the future. Would you like to have (a/another) child you would you prefer not have any (more) children? PREGNANT: Now I have some questions about the future. After the child you're expecting, would you like to have another child or would you prefer to not have any more children? HAVE (ANOTHER) CHILD 1 NO MORE/NONE 2 (GO TO 610) SHE SAYS SHE CAN'T GET PREGNANT 3 (GO TO 610) UNDECIDED OR DON'T KNOW 8 (GO TO 610) 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Missing 53 Never had sex 52 Declared infecund 51 Sterilized 50 Not at risk of pregnancy 40 Up to God 30 No more 20 Undecided 10 Have another For countries with low contraceptive prevalence, FERTPREF (V602) reports responses to the question, "Would you like to have a (another) child or would you prefer not to have any (more) children"? The standard response categories are "have another," "no more/none," "says she can't get pregnant," and "undecided or don't know." In Phase I, FERTPREF (V602), was constructed from two questions in countries with high contraceptive prevalence (Model "A" questionnaires). Women who responded that they want another child, but when asked when they would like the next child, respond that they cannot get pregnant, are classified in the "declared infecund category," and not in the "Wants another" category. Some samples also include the response "up to God." More detailed responses under the general category "says she can't get pregnant" are sometimes available. In IPUMS-DHS, all responses in the general category of "not at risk of pregnancy" share a common first digit of 5, while the second digit distinguishes between the specific reasons. In some countries, women who never had sexual intercourse (coded as "53" in IPUMS-DHS) were not asked the questions relating to their desire for future children. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Unmet need for FP Unmet need for FP Unmet need for FP Unmet need for FP Unmet need for FP 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Missing 61 Desire birth in less than 2 years 60 No unmet need 53 Never had sex 52 Not in union, not sexually active 51 Infecund or menopausal 50 Not at risk 41 No sex, want to wait 40 Future need for FP 32 Limiting failure 31 Spacing failure 30 Had FP failure 22 Using to limit 21 Using to space 20 Now using FP 12 Unmet need to limit 11 Unmet need to space 10 Has unmet need for FP UNMETNEED (V624) is a constructed variable that reports a woman's need for family planning according to whether she has an unmet need or a met need to space or to limit her future births. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. The following describes the constructed categories in more detail: Unmet need for spacing includes pregnant women whose pregnancy was mistimed, postpartum amenorrheic women whose last birth was mistimed, and fecund women who are neither pregnant nor postpartum amenorrheic and who are not using any method of family planning and say they want to wait two or more years for their next birth, are undecided about the timing of the next birth, or are undecided whether to have another child. Unmet need for limiting includes pregnant women whose pregnancy was unwanted, postpartum amenorrheic women whose last birth was unwanted, and fecund women who are neither pregnant nor postpartum amenorrheic and who are not using any method of family planning and who want no more children. Met need for spacing includes women who are using some method of family planning and say they want to have another child, are undecided about the timing of the next birth, or are undecided whether to have another child. Met need for limiting includes women who are using family planning and who want no more children. Note that the specific methods (modern or traditional) are not taken into account here. Met need describes women who have no need for contraceptive methods, either because they desire a child soon (within the next two years) or because they are menopausal or infecund. In high contraceptive prevalence countries (Model "A" countries), pregnant and postpartum amenorrheic women whose pregnancy was the result of a contraceptive failure are not included in the category of unmet need, but they are categorized as spacing failures or limiting failures. In low contraceptive prevalence countries (Model "B" countries), no such distinction is made, since information was not collected on contraceptive failure. Infecund women are also excluded from the unmet need categories. The "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" provides the following definitions: Fecundity: A woman is assumed to be fecund unless she declares that she is infecund, had a hysterectomy, or is menopausic. Women who are neither pregnant nor postpartum amenorrheic but who have not menstruated for six or more months, and married women who have not used contraception in the past five years but have not had a birth and are not pregnant, are also considered infecund. Failure to Space: This includes women who are pregnant (not due to a contraceptive failure) or are less than six months postpartum amenorrheic who say they wanted the current pregnancy later. Failure to Limit: This includes women who are pregnant (not due to a contraceptive failure) or are less than six months postpartum amenorrheic who say that they did not want another child before they became pregnant. Excluded from the unmet need category are women who became pregnant while using a method (these women are in need of a better method of contraception). The infecund or menopausal category on the UNMETNEED (V624) variable contains fewer cases than the EXPOSURE1 variable, because women who are categorized as infecund or menopausal, but are currently using a contraceptive method, are recorded in the two "met need" categories in UNMETNEED. UNMETNEED (V624) incorporates responses to the following variables: [EXPOSURE1/V623], which reports the woman's exposure to the risk of pregnancy, defined as pregnant, postpartum amenorrheic, menopausal or infecund, and fecund. [ V225], which reports whether a current pregnancy was wanted then, later or not at all (for women who were pregnant at the time of interview). [KIDDESIRE/V605] ,which reports whether the woman wants more children and when she would like them. [FPMETHNOW/V312] which reports the woman's current use of contraception. Users are also encouraged to see details of this variable provided in the "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006) [URL omitted from DDI.]. IPUMS Unmet need for FP (2nd def) Unmet need for FP (2nd def) Unmet need for FP (2nd def) Unmet need for FP (2nd def) Unmet need for FP (2nd def) 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Unknown 53 No sex, want to wait/not married and no sex in last 30 days 52 Never had sex 51 Infecund, menopausal 50 Not at risk for pregnancy 41 Desire birth in less than 2 yrs 40 No unmet need 32 Limiting failure 31 Spacing failure 30 Family limitation failure 22 Using to limit 21 Using to space 20 Now using FP 12 Unmet need to limit 11 Unmet need to space 10 Has unmet need for FP UNMETNEED2 (V626) is a constructed variable that indicates a woman's need for family planning according to whether she has an unmet need or a met need to space or to limit her future births. UNMETNEED2 is similar to UNMETNEED, but UNMETNEED2 differently categorizes women who are infecund or menopausal but are currently using a contraceptive method. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. The construction of UNMETNEED2 uses a definition of fecundity based on exposure status as reported in EXPOSURE2. UNMETNEED, by contrast, uses a definition of exposure status as reported in EXPOSURE1. See the descriptions of these two variables for discussion of their differences. IPUMS Desire for more children Desire for more children Desire for more children Desire for more children Desire for more children 603) CHECK 223: NOT PREGNANT OR UNSURE: Now I have some questions about the future. Would you like to have (a/another) child you would you prefer not have any (more) children? PREGNANT: Now I have some questions about the future. After the child you're expecting, would you like to have another child or would you prefer to not have any more children? HAVE (ANOTHER) CHILD 1 NO MORE/NONE 2 (GO TO 610) SHE SAYS SHE CAN'T GET PREGNANT 3 (GO TO 610) UNDECIDED OR DON'T KNOW 8 (GO TO 610) 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Unknown 63 Never had sex 62 Declared infecund 61 Sterilized 60 Not at risk of pregnancy 51 Up to God 50 Fatalistic response 40 Wants no more 30 Undecided 13 Wants, unsure timing 12 Wants after 2+ years 11 Wants within 2 years 10 Wants more children KIDDESIRE (V605) is a constructed variable that distinguishes between women who want another child soon (in less than two years), who want another child later (in 2+ years), who want no more children, and who aren't sure (about timing or about the number of children desired). When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. The construction of this variable has changed across phases of the DHS and varies across countries (only sometimes distinguishing between groups of women not at risk of pregnancy due to sterilization, infecundity, or virginity). To maximize comparability across samples, IPUMS-DHS employs composite coding. Women who want more children share a common first digit of 1, women not at risk of pregnancy share a common first digit of 6, and detail present in only some samples is specified in the code's second digit. IPUMS Wanted last child Wanted last child Wanted last child Wanted last child Wanted last child 403) At the time you became pregnant with (NAME), did you want to become pregnant then, did you want to wait until later, or did you want no more children at all? THEN 1 (GO TO 405) LATER 2 NO MORE 3 (GO TO 405) 1 Wanted last child then 2 Wanted last child later 3 Wanted no more children 7 Unsure 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPLCHDESIRE (V367) reports whether the woman's last born child was wanted at the time she got pregnant, was wanted but at a later time, or was not wanted at all. The cutoff point for when the woman's last child was born varies across samples; see Comparability. IPUMS Time wanted current pregnancy Time wanted current pregnancy Time wanted current pregnancy Time wanted current pregnancy Time wanted current pregnancy 225) At the time you became pregnant, did you want to become pregnant then, did you want to wait until later or did you not want to become pregnant? THEN 1 LATER 2 NOT AT ALL 3 GOD WILLED IT 4 DON'T KNOW 5 1 Then 2 Later 3 Not at all 4 Up to God 7 Don't know/Not sure 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently pregnant, PGDESIRE (V225) reports whether, at the time of becoming pregnant, the woman wanted her pregnancy then, later, or not at all. IPUMS Ideal number of children Ideal number of children Ideal number of children Ideal number of children Ideal number of children 617) CHECK 216: HAS LIVING CHILDREN: If you could go back to the time you did not have any children and could choose exactly the number of children to have in your whole life, how many would that be? NO LIVING CHILDREN: If you could choose exactly the number of children to have in your whole life, how many would that be? RECORD SINGLE NUMBER OR OTHER ANSWER. NUMBER: ___ OTHER ANSWER (SPECIFY): ___ 96 98 Missing 97 Don't know 66 Number she has currently 65 Depends on husband 64 As many as possible 63 Never thought about it 62 Any number/Fatalistic 61 Up to God/As Allah wills 60 Non-numeric response 50 50 49 49 48 48 47 47 46 46 45 45 44 44 43 43 42 42 41 41 40 40 39 39 38 38 37 37 36 36 35 35 34 34 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 01 1 00 33 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 67 As many as can care for 68 Doesn't want children 99 NIU (not in universe) IDEALKID (V613) reports the ideal total number of children the woman would have liked to have in her whole life, regardless of her actual childbearing. The information is collected through hypothetical questions such as, "If you could go back to the time you did not have any children and could choose exactly the number of children to have in your whole life, how many would that be?" (for women with living children) or "If you could choose exactly the number of children to have in your whole life, how many would that be?" (for women without living children). If the woman responded with a range of values, IDEALKID reports the midpoint between those values. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, "If the midpoint is not an exact number then the number is rounded up in half the cases and rounded down for the other half." The questionnaires included space for non-numeric "other" responses, such as "Up to God." When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Ideal number of children (grouped) Ideal number of children (grouped) Ideal number of children (grouped) Ideal number of children (grouped) Ideal number of children (grouped) 617) CHECK 216: HAS LIVING CHILDREN: If you could go back to the time you did not have any children and could choose exactly the number of children to have in your whole life, how many would that be? NO LIVING CHILDREN: If you could choose exactly the number of children to have in your whole life, how many would that be? RECORD SINGLE NUMBER OR OTHER ANSWER. NUMBER: ___ OTHER ANSWER (SPECIFY): ___ 96 8 Missing 7 Non-numeric response 6 6+ 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 [no label] 9 NIU (not in universe) Like IDEALKID, IDEALKIDGRP (V614) reports the total number of children the woman would hypothetically like to have in her whole life, regardless of her actual childbearing, but top-codes numeric responses at 6+ children and codes non-numeric responses as 7. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Ideal time before future birth Ideal time before future birth Ideal time before future birth Ideal time before future birth Ideal time before future birth 604) CHECK 223: NOT PREGNANT OR UNSURE: How long would you like to wait from now before (a/another) child? PREGNANT: How long would you like to wait after the birth of the child you are expecting before the birth of another child? MONTHS: ___ 1 (GO TO 610) YEARS: ___ 2 (GO TO 610) SOON/NOW 994 (GO TO 610) SHE SAYS SHE CAN'T GET PREGNANT 995 (GO TO 610) OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 996 DON'T KNOW 998 100 Less than 1 month 101 1 month 102 2 months 103 3 months 104 4 months 105 5 months 106 6 months 107 7 months 108 8 months 109 9 months 110 10 months 111 11 months 112 12 months 113 13 months 114 14 months 115 15 months 116 16 months 117 17 months 118 18 months 119 19 months 120 20 months 121 21 months 122 22 months 123 23 months 124 24 months 125 25 months 126 26 months 127 27 months 128 28 months 129 29 months 130 30 months 131 31 months 132 32 months 133 33 months 134 34 months 135 35 months 136 36 months 137 37 months 138 38 months 139 39 months 140 40 months 141 41 months 142 42 months 143 43 months 144 44 months 145 45 months 146 46 months 147 47 months 148 48 months 149 49 months 150 50 months 151 51 months 152 52 months 153 53 months 154 54 months 155 55 months 156 56 months 157 57 months 158 58 months 159 59 months 160 60 months 161 61 months 162 62 months 163 63 months 164 64 months 165 65 months 166 66 months 167 67 months 168 68 months 169 69 months 170 70 months 171 71 months 172 72 months 173 73 months 174 74 months 175 75 months 176 76 months 177 77 months 178 78 months 179 79 months 180 80 months 181 81 months 182 82 months 183 83 months 184 84 months 185 85 months 186 86 months 187 87 months 188 88 months 189 89 months 190 90 months 191 91 months 192 92 months 193 93 months 194 94 months 195 95 months 196 96 months 197 97 months 198 98 months 199 Months, unspecified number 200 Less than 1 year 201 1 year 202 2 years 203 3 years 204 4 years 205 5 years 206 6 years 207 7 years 208 8 years 209 9 years 210 10 years 211 11 years 212 12 years 213 13 years 214 14 years 215 15 years 216 16 years 217 17 years 218 18 years 219 19 years 220 20 years 221 21 years 222 22 years 223 23 years 224 24 years 225 25 years 226 26 years 227 27 years 228 28 years 229 29 years 230 30 years 231 31 years 232 32 years 233 33 years 234 34 years 235 35+ years 299 Years, number missing 989 Up to God 990 After finishing school 991 After marriage 992 When husband returns 993 After breastfeeding 994 At any time 995 Soon/now 996 Other 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IDEALBTHFUT (V616) reports how long the woman would like to wait before the birth of a/another child. IPUMS Best interval between births Best interval between births Best interval between births Best interval between births Best interval between births 618) What do you think is the best number of months or years between the birth of one child and the birth of the next child? MONTHS: ___ 1 YEARS: ___ 2 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 996 169 69 months 168 68 months 165 65 months 164 64 months 163 63 months 162 62 months 161 61 months 100 Less than 1 month 101 1 month 102 2 months 103 3 months 104 4 months 105 5 months 106 6 months 107 7 months 108 8 months 109 9 months 110 10 months 111 11 months 112 12 months 113 13 months 114 14 months 115 15 months 116 16 months 117 17 months 118 18 months 119 19 months 120 20 months 121 21 months 122 22 months 123 23 months 124 24 months 125 25 months 126 26 months 127 27 months 128 28 months 129 29 months 130 30 months 131 31 months 132 32 months 133 33 months 134 34 months 135 35 months 136 36 months 137 37 months 138 38 months 139 39 months 140 40 months 141 41 months 142 42 months 143 43 months 144 44 months 145 45 months 146 46 months 147 47 months 148 48 months 149 49 months 150 50 months 151 51 months 152 52 months 153 53 months 154 54 months 155 55 months 156 56 months 157 57 months 158 58 months 159 59 months 160 60 months 199 Months, unspecified number 200 Less than 1 year 201 1 year 202 2 years 203 3 years 204 4 years 205 5 years 206 6 years 207 7 years 208 8 years 209 9 years 210 10 years 211 11 years 212 12 years 213 13 years 214 14 years 215 15 years 216 16 years 217 17 years 218 18 years 219 19 years 220 20 years 221 21 years 222 22 years 223 23 years 224 24 years 299 Years, unspecified number 996 Other 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) 167 67 months 166 66 months 170 70 months 171 71 months 172 72 months 173 73 months 174 74 months 175 75 months 176 76 months 177 77 months 178 78 months 179 79 months 180 80 months 181 81 months 182 82 months 183 83 months 184 84 months 185 85 months 186 86 months 187 87 months 188 88 months 189 89 months 190 90 months 225 25 years IDEALBTHINT (V615) reports the best number of months or years between the birth of one child and the birth of the next child, according to the respondent. IPUMS-DHS adopts the recoding system from DHS for IDEALBTHINT. Below is a description of the codes from the DHS Recode Manual for Phase 2: The first digit gives the units in which the respondent answered ("1" indicates months, "2" indicates years, and "9" indicates a special response), while the last two digits give the time in those units. If the units' value is 9 then the variable contains a special response, and if the duration value is greater than 90 this also indicates a special response. For example, code 996 is used for "other" answers, and code 299 would mean that the response was given in years but the actual duration was missing on the questionnaire. IPUMS Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child 604) CHECK 223: NOT PREGNANT OR UNSURE: How long would you like to wait from now before (a/another) child? PREGNANT: How long would you like to wait after the birth of the child you are expecting before the birth of another child? MONTHS: ___ 1 (GO TO 610) YEARS: ___ 2 (GO TO 610) SOON/NOW 994 (GO TO 610) SHE SAYS SHE CAN'T GET PREGNANT 995 (GO TO 610) OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 996 DON'T KNOW 998 100 Less than one month (want now) 101 1 month 102 2 months 103 3 months 104 4 months 105 5 months 106 6 months 107 7 months 108 8 months 109 9 months 110 10 months 111 11 months 112 12 months 113 13 months 114 14 months 115 15 months 116 16 months 117 17 months 118 18 months 119 19 months 120 20 months 121 21 months 122 22 months 123 23 months 124 24 months 125 25 months 126 26 months 127 27 months 128 28 months 129 29 months 130 30 months 131 31 months 132 32 months 133 33 months 134 34 months 135 35 months 136 36 months 137 37 months 138 38 months 139 39 months 140 40 months 141 41 months 142 42 months 143 43 months 144 44 months 145 45 months 146 46 months 147 47 months 148 48 months 149 49 months 150 50 months 151 51 months 152 52 months 153 53 months 154 54 months 155 55 months 156 56 months 157 57 months 158 58 months 159 59 months 160 60 months 161 61 months 162 62 months 163 63 months 164 64 months 165 65 months 166 66 months 167 67 months 168 68 months 169 69 months 170 70 months 171 71 months 172 72 months 173 73 months 174 74 months 175 75 months 176 76 months 177 77 months 178 78 months 179 79 months 180 80 months 181 81 months 182 82 months 183 83 months 184 84 months 185 85 months 186 86 months 187 87 months 188 88 months 189 89 months 190 90 months 191 91 months 192 92 months 193 93 months 194 94 months 195 95 months 196 96 months 197 97 months 198 98 months 199 Months, number unspecified 200 Less than one year 201 1 year 202 2 years 203 3 years 204 4 years 205 5 years 206 6 years 207 7 years 208 8 years 209 9 years 210 10 years 211 11 years 212 12 years 213 13 years 214 14 years 215 15 years 216 16 years 217 17 years 218 18 years 219 19 years 220 20 years or more 299 Years, number unspecified 987 After weaning 989 After finishing school 990 When spouse returns 991 Up to God 992 After marriage 993 Any time 994 Soon or immediately 995 Other, non-numeric response 996 Inconsistent response 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For women who want to have a/another child, PREFTIMECH (V603) reports the amount of time, in months or years, they would like to wait before the birth of a/another child (top-coded at 20 years). The complementary variable PREFTIMECH (V604) reports responses to the same question, but in terms of years only, top-coded at 6+ years. PREFTIMECH includes women who are either pregnant or at risk of pregnancy. However, the definition of "at risk of pregnancy" varies across samples, and the way this variable was asked and calculated also changed over time; see Comparability. IPUMS Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child (grouped) Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child (grouped) Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child (grouped) Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child (grouped) Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child (grouped) 604) CHECK 223: NOT PREGNANT OR UNSURE: How long would you like to wait from now before (a/another) child? PREGNANT: How long would you like to wait after the birth of the child you are expecting before the birth of another child? MONTHS: ___ 1 (GO TO 610) YEARS: ___ 2 (GO TO 610) SOON/NOW 994 (GO TO 610) SHE SAYS SHE CAN'T GET PREGNANT 995 (GO TO 610) OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 996 DON'T KNOW 998 00 Less than 12 months 01 1 year 02 2 years 03 3 years 04 4 years 05 5 years 06 6 or more years 96 Non-numeric response 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who want to have a/another child, PREFTIMECHGP (V604) reports the amount of time, in years, they would like to wait before the birth of a/another child, top-coded at 6+ years. PREFTIMECHGP includes women who are either pregnant or at risk of pregnancy. However, the definition of "at risk of pregnancy" varies across samples; see Comparability. The related variable PREFTIMECH presents the same information in greater detail, in terms of months or years, top-coded at 20 years. IPUMS Desired age of youngest child at future birth Desired age of youngest child at future birth Desired age of youngest child at future birth Desired age of youngest child at future birth Desired age of youngest child at future birth 606) CHECK 223: NOT PREGNANT OR UNSURE: How old would you like your youngest child to be when your next child is born? PREGNANT: How old would you like the child you are expecting to be when your next child is born? AGE OF YOUNGEST CHILD IN YEARS: ___ (GO TO 610) DON'T KNOW 98 (GO TO 610) 01 1 year 02 2 years 03 3 years 04 4 years 05 5 years 06 6 years 07 7 years 08 8 years 09 9 years 10 10 years 11 11 years 12 12 years 13 13 years 14 14 years 15 15 years 16 16 years 17 17 years 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 18 18 years 19 19 years 20 20 years For women who want to have a (another) child, IDEALAGECH (V617) reports the ideal age of their youngest child at the time of a future birth. IPUMS Discussed number of children with partner Discussed number of children with partner Discussed number of children with partner Discussed number of children with partner Discussed number of children with partner 612) Have you talked to your husband about the number of children you'd like to have? YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FERTPREFTLKH (V620) indicates whether the woman and her husband/partner have discussed the number of children they would like to have. IPUMS Husband's desire for children Husband's desire for children Husband's desire for children Husband's desire for children Husband's desire for children 613) Do you think your husband/partner wants the same number of children that you want, or does he want more or fewer than you want? SAME NUMBER 1 MORE CHILDREN 2 FEWER CHILDREN 3 DON'T KNOW 8 01 Both want same 02 Husband wants more 03 Husband wants fewer 07 Don't Know 08 Missing 09 NIU (not in universe) 04 Both provided non-numeric response HUSFERTPREF (V621) reports whether the woman believes her partner wants the same number of children, more children, or fewer children than she wants. IPUMS Respondent approves of couples using FP Respondent approves of couples using FP Respondent approves of couples using FP Respondent approves of couples using FP Respondent approves of couples using FP 616) In general, do you approve or disapprove of couples using a method to avoid getting pregnant? APPROVE 1 DISAPPROVE 2 Disapproves 1 Approves 3 Depends 7 Don't know/Undecided 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPAPPROVE (V612) indicates whether the woman approves, in general, of the use of family planning to avoid a pregnancy. IPUMS Husband approves FP use Husband approves FP use Husband approves FP use Husband approves FP use Husband approves FP use 610) Do you think that your husband/partner approves or disapproves of couples using a method to avoid pregnancy? APPROVES 1 DISAPPROVES 2 DON'T KNOW 8 10 Disapproves 20 Approves or indifferent 21 Approves 22 Indifferent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) HUSPROFP (V610) indicates whether the woman believes her husband or male partner approves of couples using a family planning method to avoid pregnancy. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund 3 Infecund, menopausal 2 Amenorrheic 1 Pregnant Fecund 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) EXPOSURE1 (V623) is a constructed variable that draws upon responses to several questions to differentiate between pregnant women, postpartum amenorrheic women, menopausal or infecund women, and fecund women. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, these categories are actualized as follows: Pregnant women Postpartum amenorrheic women are those whose period has not returned since the last birth in the three/five years preceding the survey. Women are defined as being menopausal if they are not pregnant and not postpartum amenorrheic, are not currently using a contraceptive method, and have not had a period in the six months preceding the survey or report they are in menopause. Women are defined as being infecund if they are not menopausal and not postpartum amenorrheic and not pregnant, have had no birth in the five years preceding the survey, and either (Model "A" countries) have been continuously married and have not used contraception in the five years preceding the survey, or (Model "B" countries) have been married one time and first married five or more years before the survey and have never used contraception. Fecund women are all women not included in the preceding categories. IPUMS Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund (2nd def) Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund (2nd def) Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund (2nd def) Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund (2nd def) Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund (2nd def) Fecund 1 Pregnant 2 Amenorrheic 3 Infecund, menopausal 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) Like EXPOSURE1, EXPOSURE2 (V625) is a constructed variable that draws upon responses to several questions to distinguish between pregnant women, postpartum amenorrheic women, menopausal or infecund women, and fecund women. EXPOSURE2 uses a more liberal definition of infecundity than EXPOSURE1, however. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. The DHS Recode Manuals explain the differences between these two variables as follows: For Model "B" countries, it is only possible to say that a woman had been continuously married throughout the preceding five years if she was in her first union. This definition has been relaxed in V625 [EXPOSURE2], such that the respondent need only have been married at least five years ago, and not continuously married throughout the last five years. For Model "A" countries, there is no change to this part of the definition. [For EXPOSURE2] Two additional variables have been used to declare a woman infecund. If the respondent said that she cannot get pregnant when asked about preferences for additional children, or if she reported that she was menopausal or had a hysterectomy when giving the reason she was not currently using a contraceptive method, the respondent is coded as infecund. Model A countries and Model B countries are defined according to whether the country based its questionnaire on the Model A or Model B standard DHS questionnaire for DHS phases one through four. In general, the Model A questionnaire was designed for use in countries with high contraceptive prevalence. Nonetheless, countries with relatively low contraceptive prevalence sometimes modeled their own questionnaire on the Model A standard questionnaire. This was the case, for example, for the Kenyan samples for 1998 and 2003 and the Malawi samples for 2000 and 2004. IPUMS Know any type of FP method Know any type of FP method Know any type of FP method Know any type of FP method Know any type of FP method 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 00 Knows no method 10 Knows only traditional or folkloric method 11 Knows only folkloric method 12 Knows only traditional method 20 Knows modern method 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOTYP (V301) is a summary (recoded) variable indicating whether the woman knew any family planning method and, if so, whether she knew a modern method or only a traditional or folkloric method. In the DHS, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet) that vary across samples. IPUMS Know about Pill for FP Know about Pill for FP Know about Pill for FP Know about Pill for FP Know about Pill for FP 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOPILL (V304_01) indicates whether the woman knew about the Pill as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Know about IUD for FP Know about IUD for FP Know about IUD for FP Know about IUD for FP Know about IUD for FP 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOIUD (V304_02) indicates whether the woman knew about the IUD (intra-uterine device) as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. In probe questions, an IUD was often described as "a loop or coil placed inside them by a doctor or a nurse." IPUMS Know about injectable FP Know about injectable FP Know about injectable FP Know about injectable FP Know about injectable FP 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOINJ (V304_03) indicates whether the woman knew about injectables as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. For the probe question, injectables were typically defined as "an injection by a doctor or nurse, which stops them from becoming pregnant for several months." IPUMS Know about diaphragm for FP Know about diaphragm for FP Know about diaphragm for FP Know about diaphragm for FP Know about diaphragm for FP 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNODIA (V304_04) indicates whether the woman knew about the diaphragm or spermicides, such as a foam or jelly, as a method for family planning. Some phases combine diaphragm and spermicides in the response and some are separate; see Comparability. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Know about condom for FP Know about condom for FP Know about condom for FP Know about condom for FP Know about condom for FP 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOCON (V304_05) indicates whether the woman knew about male condoms as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Know about female sterilization for FP Know about female sterilization for FP Know about female sterilization for FP Know about female sterilization for FP Know about female sterilization for FP 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOFST (V304_06) indicates whether the woman knew about female sterilization as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Know about male sterilization for FP Know about male sterilization for FP Know about male sterilization for FP Know about male sterilization for FP Know about male sterilization for FP 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOMST (V304_07) indicates whether the woman knew about male sterilization as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Know about withdrawal for FP Know about withdrawal for FP Know about withdrawal for FP Know about withdrawal for FP Know about withdrawal for FP 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOWD (V304_09) indicates whether the woman knew about withdrawal as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Know about rhythm for FP Know about rhythm for FP Know about rhythm for FP Know about rhythm for FP Know about rhythm for FP 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 10 Yes 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 00 No 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNORHY (V304_08) indicates whether the woman knew about the rhythm method (periodic abstinence at the high-fertility part of the woman's menstrual cycle) as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Knows about charms or amulets as a method of family planning Knows about charms or amulets as a method of family planning Knows about charms or amulets as a method of family planning Knows about charms or amulets as a method of family planning Knows about charms or amulets as a method of family planning 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing FPKNOCHARM indicates whether the woman knew about using charms or amulets as a method for family planning. The complementary variable FPEVUSCHARM indicates whether the woman had ever used this method to delay or avoid a pregnancy. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Knows about religion as a method of family planning Knows about religion as a method of family planning Knows about religion as a method of family planning Knows about religion as a method of family planning Knows about religion as a method of family planning 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing FPKNORELIG indicates whether the woman knew about using religion, such as a religious holy person or holy book, to delay or avoid a pregnancy. The complementary variable FPEVUSRELIG indicates whether the woman had ever used religion to delay or avoid a pregnancy. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Knows about other contraceptive as a method of family planning Knows about other contraceptive as a method of family planning Knows about other contraceptive as a method of family planning Knows about other contraceptive as a method of family planning Knows about other contraceptive as a method of family planning 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOOM (V304_10) indicates whether the woman knew about any "other" method(s) as a method of family planning. The complementary variable FPEVUSOM indicates whether the woman had ever used any "other" method(s) to delay or avoid a pregnancy. The meaning of "other" in this case depends on the specific response categories included in a given sample. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Known source for FP Known source for FP Known source for FP Known source for FP Known source for FP 332) Do you know of a place where you can obtain a method of family planning? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 336) 0000 No one/did not consult source 1000 PUBLIC SECTOR 1100 Government hospital 1110 Referral/specialty hospital 1120 National/central hospital 1130 Regional/provincial hospital 1140 Urban hospital 1150 District/rural hospital 1151 District hospital 1152 Rural hospital 1160 University/teaching hospital 1161 University hospital 1162 Teaching hospital 1200 Government health center 1210 Referral health center 1220 Community health center 1230 Urban health center 1240 Rural health center 1250 Integrated health center 1260 Family welfare center 1270 Primary health center 1300 Government pharmacy/dispensary 1310 Government pharmacy 1320 Government dispensary 1400 Government maternity home 1410 Mother and child health (MCH) center 1420 Rural maternity clinic 1500 Government family planning clinic 1510 Stand-alone family planning clinic 1520 Mobile family planning clinic 1600 Government outreach 1610 Government health post 1611 Village health post 1620 Government mobile clinic 1630 Government health worker 1631 Fieldworker 1632 Community-based distribution agent (CBDA) 1633 Community/village health worker 1634 Health surveillance assistant (HSA) 1635 Paramedic 1636 Doctor 1637 Nurse 1900 Other public sector 1901 Camp 1902 Health box 1903 Health station/clinic 1904 Health office 1905 Community clinic 1906 Health insurance organization 1907 Curative care organization 1908 Parastatal health facility 1909 Female Community Health Volunteer Program (FCHV) of Nepal 2000 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR 2100 Private hospital/clinic 2110 Private hospital 2111 Referral/specialty hospital 2120 Private clinic 2200 Private doctor 2210 Qualified doctor 2220 Traditional doctor 2230 Doctor/birth attendant 2300 Private pharmacy/dispensary 2310 Private pharmacy 2320 Private dispensary 2400 Private family planning clinic 2500 Private outreach 2510 Private mobile clinic 2520 Private health worker 2521 Fieldworker 2522 Community-based distribution agent (CBDA) 2523 Nurse 2524 Paramedic 2526 Community/village health worker 2527 Midwife 2600 Private health center 2610 VCT center 2700 Private maternity home 2900 Other private medical sector 2901 Care room 2902 Tent 3000 NGO FACILITY 3100 NGO health facility 3110 Static clinic 3120 Satellite clinic 3130 Community-based outlet 3140 UN Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) 3150 International Rescue Committee (IRC) 3200 NGO health worker 3210 Depot holder 3220 Fieldworker 3300 Country-specific NGOs 3301 AMO Congo 3302 Egypt family planning association (EFPA) 3303 CSI project 3304 Family Guidance Association of Ethiopia (FGAE) 3305 BLM 3306 MACRO 3307 Marie Stopes 3308 Red Cross Society 3309 AFGA 3310 Family Planning Association of Nepal (FPAN) 3311 Institute for Family Health (IFH) 3900 Other NGO facility 4000 RELIGIOUS/MISSION 4100 Religious hospital/clinic 4110 Religious hospital 4111 Religious referral/specialty hospital 4112 Religious district hospital 4120 Religious clinic 4200 Religious health center/dispensary 4210 Religious health center 4211 Mosque health center 4212 Church health center 4220 Religious dispensary 4300 Religious mobile clinic 4400 Religious door-to-door 4900 Other religious 5000 OTHER 5100 Shop/market 5110 Shop 5111 General dealer 5112 Supermarket/tuck shop 5113 Service station 5120 Market 5130 Kiosk 5140 Gas station 5190 Other retail 5200 Relative/friend 5210 Partner 5300 Church/mosque/temple 5400 Bar/nightclub/hotel 5410 Bar/nightclub 5420 Hotel 5500 Other institutions 5510 Youth center 5520 Workplace 5521 Respondent's workplace 5522 Partner's workplace 5530 School 5600 Traditional practitioner 5610 Traditional birth attendant (TBA) 5620 Vaidya/hakim/homeopath 5700 Informal channels 5710 Drug vendor 9992 Not asked 9993 Non-user: Knows source 9994 Multiple responses given 9995 Other 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOANYSRC (V379) reports the source where the respondent knows contraceptives can be obtained. This variable is constructed from a series of questions. Because the questions used to construct this variable changed slightly across phases, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. The related variable FPKNOANYSRCS (V380) reports known sources for contraceptives, in standardized categories. IPUMS Known source for FP, standardized Known source for FP, standardized Known source for FP, standardized Known source for FP, standardized Known source for FP, standardized 332) Do you know of a place where you can obtain a method of family planning? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 336) 01 Government clinic/pharmacy 02 Government home/community delivery 03 NGO 04 Private clinic/delivery 05 Private pharmacy 06 Church, shop, friends 07 Other 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOANYSRCS (V380) reports the source from which the woman knows contraceptives can be obtained. This variable is constructed from a series of questions, and answers were recorded using standard responses and codes that are consistent across countries and phases. Because the questions used to construct this variable changed slightly across phases, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Current FP use by method type (folk, traditional, modern) Current FP use by method type (folk, traditional, modern) Current FP use by method type (folk, traditional, modern) Current FP use by method type (folk, traditional, modern) Current FP use by method type (folk, traditional, modern) 312) What method are you using? 312A) CIRCLE '06' FOR FEMALE STERILIZATION PILL 01 IUD 02 (GO TO 318) INJECTIONS 03 (GO TO 318) DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL 04 (GO TO 318) CONDOM 05 (GO TO 318) FEMALE STERILIZATION 06 (GO TO 318) MALE STERILIZATION 07(GO TO 318) PERIODIC ABSTINENCE 08 (GO TO 323) WITHDRAWAL 09 (GO TO 323) GRIS-GRIS 10 (GO TO 323) OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 11 (GO TO 323) 00 No method 10 Folkloric or traditional method 11 Folkloric method 12 Traditional method 20 Modern method 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPNOW (V313) indicates whether the woman is currently using a modern, traditional, or folkloric method of contraception. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. In the DHS, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. IPUMS Pattern of use of contraceptive method Pattern of use of contraceptive method Pattern of use of contraceptive method Pattern of use of contraceptive method Pattern of use of contraceptive method 311) Are you currently doing something or using a method to avoid pregnancy? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 326) 10 Currently using 20 Ever used, but not currently using 21 Used since last birth 22 Used before last birth 30 Never used 99 NIU (not in universe) FPUSPATRN (V361) reports the woman's pattern of contraceptive use by indicating whether she is currently using, has used in the past, or has never used contraception. IPUMS Current method of FP Current method of FP Current method of FP Current method of FP Current method of FP 312) What method are you using? 312A) CIRCLE '06' FOR FEMALE STERILIZATION PILL 01 IUD 02 (GO TO 318) INJECTIONS 03 (GO TO 318) DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL 04 (GO TO 318) CONDOM 05 (GO TO 318) FEMALE STERILIZATION 06 (GO TO 318) MALE STERILIZATION 07(GO TO 318) PERIODIC ABSTINENCE 08 (GO TO 323) WITHDRAWAL 09 (GO TO 323) GRIS-GRIS 10 (GO TO 323) OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 11 (GO TO 323) 000 Not using 100 MODERN METHODS 101 Pill 102 IUD 103 Norplant/Implants 104 Condom 105 Female Condom 106 Female Sterilization 107 Male Sterilization 110 Injections 111 Injection (3 monthly) 112 Injection (monthly) 120 Diaphragm/Foam/Jelly 121 Diaphragm 122 Diaphragm/Foam 123 Diaphragm/Jelly 124 Foam or Jelly 125 Foaming tablets 126 Vaginal methods 130 Lactational amenorrhea (LAM) 131 Prolonged breastfeeding 140 Emergency contraception 150 Other modern method 151 Contraceptive patch 200 TRADITIONAL METHODS 210 Abstinence or periodic abstinence 211 Periodic abstinence 212 Cycle Beads/Standard days method 213 Abstinence 214 Mucus method 215 Natural family planning, unspecified 220 Withdrawal 230 Other traditional/folkloric 231 Herbs/Plants 232 Gris-Gris/Amulet 233 Astrology 234 Strings 300 OTHER METHOD, UNSPECIFIED 301 Other specific method 1 302 Other specific method 2 303 Other specific method 3 304 Other specific method 4 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) FPMETHNOW (V312) reports the contraceptive method the woman is currently using. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. Answers are grouped under the broad categories of "modern methods," "traditional methods," and "other methods," each with a different first digit. Specific methods are distinguished by the second and third digits. See FPEVUSE for more information on broad categories of contraception. Closely related responses, such as various groupings of diaphragm/foam/jelly, share the first 2 digits in common, while the third digit distinguishes the exact response category. IPUMS Months of use of current family planning method Months of use of current family planning method Months of use of current family planning method Months of use of current family planning method Months of use of current family planning method 323) For how many months have you been using (CURRENT METHOD) continuously? IF LESS THAN A MONTH, RECORD '00'. MONTHS: ___ 8 YEARS OR MORE 96 000 0 months 001 1 month 002 2 months 003 3 months 004 4 months 005 5 months 006 6 months 007 7 months 008 8 months 009 9 months 010 10 months 011 11 months 012 12 months 013 13 months 014 14 months 015 15 months 016 16 months 017 17 months 018 18 months 019 19 months 020 20 months 021 21 months 022 22 months 023 23 months 024 24 months 025 25 months 026 26 months 027 27 months 028 28 months 029 29 months 030 30 months 031 31 months 032 32 months 033 33 months 034 34 months 035 35 months 036 36 months 037 37 months 038 38 months 039 39 months 040 40 months 041 41 months 042 42 months 043 43 months 044 44 months 045 45 months 046 46 months 047 47 months 048 48 months 049 49 months 050 50 months 051 51 months 052 52 months 053 53 months 054 54 months 055 55 months 056 56 months 057 57 months 058 58 months 059 59 months 060 60 months 061 61 months 062 62 months 063 63 months 064 64 months 065 65 months 066 66 months 067 67 months 068 68 months 069 69 months 070 70 months 071 71 months 072 72 months 073 73 months 074 74 months 075 75 months 076 76 months 077 77 months 078 78 months 079 79 months 080 80 months 081 81 months 082 82 months 083 83 months 084 84 months 085 85 months 086 86 months 087 87 months 088 88 months 089 89 months 090 90 months 091 91 months 092 92 months 093 93 months 094 94 months 095 95 months 096 96 or more months 995 All calendar years 996 Inconsistent response 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently using a contraceptive method, FPCURNOMO (V337) reports the number of months they have been continuously using their current method. Starting in Phase II, there are differences in the way these data are reported between Model "A" and Model "B" countries, due to the inclusion of a detailed calendar of events in the five years preceding the interview in Model "A" questionnaires. For Model "B" questionnaires, any response greater than 8 years is topcoded at "96." However, for Model "A" questionnaires, the maximum duration of use that could be recorded is the entire length of the calendar (i.e., 5 years). IPUMS Last source for FP for current users, detailed Last source for FP for current users, detailed Last source for FP for current users, detailed Last source for FP for current users, detailed Last source for FP for current users, detailed 318) CHECK 312: HE/SHE IS STERILIZED: Where did the sterilization take place? USES ANOTHER METHOD: Where did you obtain (METHOD) the last time? NAME OF PLACE: ___ PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL 11 MEDICAL CENTER 12 FAMILY HEALTH CENTER 13 MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER 14 DISPENSARY 15 MATERNITY WARD 16 PEOPLE'S PHARMACY 17 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE 21 CLINIC/HOSPITAL 22 PHARMACY 23 OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR RELATIVE 31 (GO TO 321) NEIGHBOR 32 (GO TO 321) OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 41(GO TO 321) DON'T KNOW 98 (GO TO 321) 6903 Community center 3306 Institute for Family Health (IFH) 3180 International Rescue Committee (IRC) 0000 NO ONE 1000 PUBLIC SECTOR 1100 Government hospital 1110 National hospital 1111 Referral/specialty hospital 1112 National/central hospital 1113 Military hospital 1114 Day hospital 1120 Provincial/regional hospital 1130 Urban hospital 1140 District/rural hospital 1141 District hospital 1142 Rural hospital 1150 Category I hospital 1160 Category II hospital 1170 University/teaching hospital 1171 University hospital 1172 Teaching hospital 1200 Government health center 1210 Referral health center 1220 Community health center 1230 Urban health center 1240 Rural health center 1250 Basic health center 1260 Integrated health center 1270 Primary health center 1280 Family welfare center 1300 Government family planning clinic 1310 Stand-alone family planning clinic 1320 Mobile family planning clinic 1330 Family planning clinic CBD 1400 Government outreach 1410 Government health post 1411 Village health post 1412 Sub-center 1413 Sub-health post 1420 Government mobile clinic 1421 Mobile PHC clinic 1430 Government health professional 1431 Doctor 1432 Nurse 1433 Paramedic 1440 Government health worker 1434 Community-based distributor (CBD) 1435 Health surveillance assistant (HSA) 1436 Male mobilizer 1437 Accredited social health activist (ASHA) 1438 Vaidya/hakim/homeopath 1450 Government outreach clinic 1451 Primary health care outreach clinic 1452 Satellite clinic/EPI outreach 1453 Community clinic 1454 Rural/municipal clinic 1460 Camp 1470 Household visit 1500 Government maternity home 1510 Maternal and child health (MCH) center 1520 Rural maternity 1530 Anganwadi/ICDS center 1600 Government pharmacy/dispensary 1610 Government pharmacy 1611 Community pharmacy 1620 Government dispensary 1900 Other public 1901 Clinic 1902 Curative care organization 1903 Health home 1904 Health office 1905 Health insurance organization 1906 Parastatal health facility 1907 Youth center 2000 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR 2100 Private hospital/clinic 2110 Private hospital 2111 Private specialty hospital 2112 Private district hospital 2113 Private university hospital 2120 Private clinic 2121 Private polyclinic 2122 Private clinic 2200 Private pharmacy/dispensary/drug store 2210 Private pharmacy 2220 Private dispensary 2230 Private chemist/drug store 2231 Private chemist 2232 Private drug store 2240 Private mobile drug vendor 2300 Private doctor's office 2310 Qualified doctor 2320 Traditional/unqualified doctor 2330 Private practice 2331 Private care room 2332 Private infirmiry 2400 Private outreach 2410 Private mobile clinic 2420 Private health worker 2421 Private field worker 2422 Private community/village health worker 2423 Private community-based distributor 2424 Private paramedic 2425 Private hakim/homeopath 2426 Private traditional healer 2427 Private traditional birth attendant (TBA) 2428 Private nurse 2500 Private health center 2600 Private family planning clinic 2610 Injectables outlet 2700 Private maternity home 2900 Other private medical 2901 Tent 2902 VCT center 3000 NGO SECTOR 3100 NGO health facility 3110 Static clinic 3120 Satellite clinic 3130 Marie Stopes facility 3131 Banja la Mtsogolo (BLM) 3140 Red Cross facility 3150 UN Relief and Works Agency facility 3160 Adventist Development and Relief Agency (ADRA) 3170 Population Services International (PSI) 3200 NGO health worker 3210 Depot holder 3220 Field worker 3230 Community-based distributor 3300 Country-specific NGO 3301 Amo-Congo 3302 Clinical Services Improvement (CSI) 3303 Malawi AIDS Counselling and Resource Organization (MACRO) 3304 Myanmar Medical Association (MMA) 3305 United Mission to Nepal (UMN) 3900 Other NGO 4000 RELIGIOUS/MISSION 4100 Religious hospital/clinic 4110 Religious hospital 4111 Religious referral/specialty hospital 4112 Religious district hospital 4120 Religious clinic 4200 Religious health center/dispensary 4210 Religious health center 4211 Mosque health center 4212 Church health center 4220 Religious dispensary 4300 Religious outreach 4310 Religious health post 4320 Religious mobile clinic 4330 Religious health worker 4331 Religious field worker 4900 Other religious 5000 UNSPECIFIED MEDICAL SECTOR 5100 Pharmacy/dispensary 5110 Pharmacy 5120 Dispensary 5200 Outreach 5210 Mobile clinic 5220 Health worker 5221 Field worker 5222 Traditional healer 5223 Health educator 5224 Peer educators 5230 Outreach clinic 5900 Other unspecified medical sector 5901 Media campaign 6000 OTHER 6100 Shop/market 6110 Shop 6111 General dealer 6112 Supermarket/tuck shop 6113 Supermarket 6114 Tuck shop 6120 Market 6130 Kiosk 6140 Gas station 6150 Other retail 6200 Church/mosque 6300 Friend/relative 6310 Friend 6320 Relative 6321 Partner 6400 Bar/nightclub/hotel 6410 Bar/nightclub 6411 Bar 6420 Hotel 6500 Workplace 6510 Respondent's workplace 6520 Partner's workplace 6600 Informal channels 6610 Drug vendor 6620 Support group 6630 Women's sittings 6700 Location for adolescents 6710 Youth center 6720 School 6900 Other facility 6901 Refugee camp 6902 Charity/foundation 9994 Abroad 9995 Other 9996 Inconsistent 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently using a modern method of contraception, FPLASTSRCD (V326) reports the type of facility that was the source of the last contraceptive method used by the woman. Response categories vary across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Last source for FP for current users, standardized Last source for FP for current users, standardized Last source for FP for current users, standardized Last source for FP for current users, standardized Last source for FP for current users, standardized 318) CHECK 312: HE/SHE IS STERILIZED: Where did the sterilization take place? USES ANOTHER METHOD: Where did you obtain (METHOD) the last time? NAME OF PLACE: ___ PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL 11 MEDICAL CENTER 12 FAMILY HEALTH CENTER 13 MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER 14 DISPENSARY 15 MATERNITY WARD 16 PEOPLE'S PHARMACY 17 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE 21 CLINIC/HOSPITAL 22 PHARMACY 23 OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR RELATIVE 31 (GO TO 321) NEIGHBOR 32 (GO TO 321) OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 41(GO TO 321) DON'T KNOW 98 (GO TO 321) 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Missing 97 Don't know 07 Other 06 Church, Shop, friends, books 05 Private Pharmacy 04 Private Clin/Deliv 03 NGO 02 Govt Home/Comm delivery 01 Govt Clinic/Pharm For women using a modern method of contraception, FPLASTSRCS (V327) reports the type of facility that was the source of the last contraceptive method used by the woman. This variable was constructed by recoding country-specific responses into a few standard categories that are consistent across samples. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Easy or difficult to get to FP source Easy or difficult to get to FP source Easy or difficult to get to FP source Easy or difficult to get to FP source Easy or difficult to get to FP source 335) Is it easy or difficult to get there? EASY 1 DIFFICULT 2 1 Easy 2 Difficult 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (Not in universe) For women who know of a source where family planning can be obtained, FPSRCEASE (V383) indicates whether it is easy or difficult to get there. IPUMS Time to get to FP source Time to get to FP source Time to get to FP source Time to get to FP source Time to get to FP source 334) How long does it take to travel to your home to this place? IF LESS THAN 2 HOURS, RECORD MINUTES. OTHERWISE, RECORD HOURS. MINUTES: ___ 1 HOURS: ___ 2 DON'T KNOW 9998 1000 Less than 1 minute 1001 1 minute 1002 2 minutes 1003 3 minutes 1004 4 minutes 1005 5 minutes 1006 6 minutes 1007 7 minutes 1008 8 minutes 1009 9 minutes 1010 10 minutes 1011 11 minutes 1012 12 minutes 1013 13 minutes 1014 14 minutes 1015 15 minutes 1016 16 minutes 1017 17 minutes 1018 18 minutes 1019 19 minutes 1020 20 minutes 1021 21 minutes 1022 22 minutes 1023 23 minutes 1024 24 minutes 1025 25 minutes 1026 26 minutes 1027 27 minutes 1028 28 minutes 1029 29 minutes 1030 30 minutes 1031 31 minutes 1032 32 minutes 1033 33 minutes 1034 34 minutes 1035 35 minutes 1036 36 minutes 1037 37 minutes 1038 38 minutes 1039 39 minutes 1040 40 minutes 1041 41 minutes 1042 42 minutes 1043 43 minutes 1044 44 minutes 1045 45 minutes 1046 46 minutes 1047 47 minutes 1048 48 minutes 1049 49 minutes 1050 50 minutes 1051 51 minutes 1052 52 minutes 1053 53 minutes 1054 54 minutes 1055 55 minutes 1056 56 minutes 1057 57 minutes 1058 58 minutes 1059 59 minutes 1060 60 minutes 1061 61 minutes 1062 62 minutes 1063 63 minutes 1064 64 minutes 1065 65 minutes 1066 66 minutes 1067 67 minutes 1068 68 minutes 1069 69 minutes 1070 70 minutes 1071 71 minutes 1072 72 minutes 1073 73 minutes 1074 74 minutes 1075 75 minutes 1076 76 minutes 1077 77 minutes 1078 78 minutes 1079 79 minutes 1080 80 minutes 1081 81 minutes 1082 82 minutes 1083 83 minutes 1084 84 minutes 1085 85 minutes 1086 86 minutes 1087 87 minutes 1088 88 minutes 1089 89 minutes 1090 90 minutes 1091 91 minutes 1092 92 minutes 1093 93 minutes 1094 94 minutes 1095 95 minutes 1096 96 minutes 1097 97 minutes 1098 98 minutes 1099 99 minutes 1100 100 minutes 1101 101 minutes 1102 102 minutes 1103 103 minutes 1104 104 minutes 1105 105 minutes 1106 106 minutes 1107 107 minutes 1108 108 minutes 1109 109 minutes 1110 110 minutes 1111 111 minutes 1112 112 minutes 1113 113 minutes 1114 114 minutes 1115 115 minutes 1116 116 minutes 1117 117 minutes 1118 118 minutes 1119 119 minutes 1120 120 minutes 1121 121 minutes 1122 122 minutes 1123 123 minutes 1124 124 minutes 1125 125 minutes 1126 126 minutes 1127 127 minutes 1128 128 minutes 1129 129 minutes 1130 130 minutes 1131 131 minutes 1132 132 minutes 1133 133 minutes 1134 134 minutes 1135 135 minutes 1136 136 minutes 1137 137 minutes 1138 138 minutes 1139 139 minutes 1140 140 minutes 1141 141 minutes 1142 142 minutes 1143 143 minutes 1144 144 minutes 1145 145 minutes 1146 146 minutes 1147 147 minutes 1148 148 minutes 1149 149 minutes 1150 150 minutes 1151 151 minutes 1152 152 minutes 1153 153 minutes 1154 154 minutes 1155 155 minutes 1156 156 minutes 1157 157 minutes 1158 158 minutes 1159 159 minutes 1160 160 minutes 1161 161 minutes 1162 162 minutes 1163 163 minutes 1164 164 minutes 1165 165 minutes 1166 166 minutes 1167 167 minutes 1168 168 minutes 1169 169 minutes 1170 170 minutes 1171 171 minutes 1172 172 minutes 1173 173 minutes 1174 174 minutes 1175 175 minutes 1176 176 minutes 1177 177 minutes 1178 178 minutes 1179 179 minutes 1180 180 minutes 1181 181 minutes 1182 182 minutes 1183 183 minutes 1184 184 minutes 1185 185 minutes 1186 186 minutes 1187 187 minutes 1188 188 minutes 1189 189 minutes 1190 190 minutes 1191 191 minutes 1192 192 minutes 1193 193 minutes 1194 194 minutes 1195 195 minutes 1196 196 minutes 1197 197 minutes 1198 198 minutes 1199 199 minutes 1200 200 or more minutes 1999 Minutes, number missing 2000 Less than 1 hour 2001 1 hour 2002 2 hours 2003 3 hours 2004 4 hours 2005 5 hours 2006 6 hours 2007 7 hours 2008 8 hours 2009 9 hours 2010 10 hours 2011 11 hours 2012 12 hours 2013 13 hours 2014 14 hours 2015 15 hours 2016 16 hours 2017 17 hours 2018 18 hours 2019 19 hours 2020 20 hours 2021 21 hours 2022 22 hours 2023 23 hours 2024 24 hours 2025 25 hours 2026 26 hours 2027 27 hours 2028 28 hours 2029 29 hours 2030 30 hours 2031 31 hours 2032 32 hours 2033 33 hours 2034 34 hours 2035 35 hours 2036 36 hours 2037 37 hours 2038 38 hours 2039 39 hours 2040 40 hours 2041 41 hours 2042 42 hours 2043 43 hours 2044 44 hours 2045 45 hours 2046 46 hours 2047 47 hours 2048 48 hours 2049 49 hours 2050 50 hours 2051 51 hours 2052 52 hours 2053 53 hours 2054 54 hours 2055 55 hours 2056 56 hours 2057 57 hours 2058 58 hours 2059 59 hours 2060 60 hours 2061 61 hours 2062 62 hours 2063 63 hours 2064 64 hours 2065 65 hours 2066 66 hours 2067 67 hours 2068 68 hours 2069 69 hours 2070 70 hours 2071 71 hours 2072 72 hours 2073 73 hours 2074 74 hours 2075 75 hours 2076 76 hours 2077 77 hours 2078 78 hours 2079 79 hours 2080 80 hours 2081 81 hours 2082 82 hours 2083 83 hours 2084 84 hours 2085 85 hours 2086 86 hours 2087 87 hours 2088 88 hours 2089 89 hours 2090 90 hours 2091 91 hours 2092 92 hours 2093 93 hours 2094 94 hours 2095 95 hours 2096 96 hours 2097 97 hours 2098 98 hours 2099 99 hours 2100 100 hours or more 2999 Hours, number missing 3001 1 day 3002 2 days 3003 3 days 3004 4 days 3005 5 days 3999 Days, number missing 9995 Source comes to respondent 9996 No source known 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (Not in universe) For women who know of a source where contraception can be obtained, FPSRCTIME (V381) reports the amount of time it takes them to get there in minutes, hours, or days. The complementary variable FPSRCTIMEGP also reports the amount of time to get to the source of family planning, but that variable is top-coded at 120+ minutes. IPUMS Time to get to FP source (grouped) Time to get to FP source (grouped) Time to get to FP source (grouped) Time to get to FP source (grouped) Time to get to FP source (grouped) 334) How long does it take to travel to your home to this place? IF LESS THAN 2 HOURS, RECORD MINUTES. OTHERWISE, RECORD HOURS. MINUTES: ___ 1 HOURS: ___ 2 DON'T KNOW 9998 00 Mobile source 01 0 - 14 minutes 02 15 - 29 minutes 03 30 - 59 minutes 04 60 - 89 minutes 05 90 - 119 minutes 06 120 or more minutes 96 Don't know time 97 Don't know source 98 Missing 99 NIU (Not in universe) Like FPSRCTIME, for women who know of a source where contraception can be obtained, FPSRCTIMEGP (V382) reports the amount of time it takes to get to there, but the latter variable uses grouped intervals and is top-coded at 120+ minutes. IPUMS Cost of Pills Cost of Pills Cost of Pills Cost of Pills Cost of Pills 317) How much does one packet of pills cost you? RECORD PRICE. 317A) For how many cycles have you used this packet of pills? RECORD NUMBER OF CYCLES. COST: ___ FREE 9996 DON'T KNOW 9998 NUMBER OF CYCLES: ___ 000000 Free 999997 Don't know 999998 Missing 999999 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently using the Pill, FPPILLCOST (V325) reports the cost of a cycle of pills. IPUMS Brand of Pills currently used Brand of Pills currently used Brand of Pills currently used Brand of Pills currently used Brand of Pills currently used 316) Do you know the brand name of the pills that you are now using? STEDIRIL 01 MINIDRIL 02 MILLI ANOVLAR 03 EUGYNON 04 ADEPAL 05 MINIPHASE 06 LO-FEMENAL 07 EUGYNON 08 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 09 DON'T KNOW 98 4203 Emkit 3112 Triella 2215 TriNovum 2114 Stediril 1241 Rigevidon 1240 Brevinor 1239 Lusiaf 1129 Yasmin 1128 Triquilar 1127 Trinordial 2113 " 1242 NewFem 1000 LOW-DOSE PILLS 1100 International brands 1101 Adepal 1102 Choice 1103 Cilest 1104 Combination-3 1105 Confidence 1106 Diane 1107 Duofem 1108 Eugynon 1109 Famila 28 1110 Femicon 1111 Gracial 1112 Lo-femenal 1113 Logynon 1114 Marvelon 1115 Microgynon 1116 Minidril 1117 Miniphase 1118 Nordette 1119 Norminest 1120 Norquest 1121 Novodol 1122 Oralcon F 1123 Ortho-Novum 1124 Pilplan 1125 Planif 1126 Planyl 1200 Country-specific brands 1201 Nogestol 1202 Desolon 1203 Femipill 1204 Maya 1205 Noret-28 1206 Ovacon 1207 Shuki 1208 Harmonie (PSI) 1209 Varnoline 1210 Microcept 1211 Microvlar 1212 Triocept 1213 Trivolar 1214 Style/Trigestrel 1215 Secure 1216 Microlite 1217 Apsara 1218 Ecroz 1219 Mala-D 1220 Mala-N 1221 Novelon 1222 Ovral L 1223 Pearl 1224 Anteovin 1225 Belara 1226 Gracial 1227 Loestrin 1228 Mawelon 1229 Norimin 1230 Femiplan 1231 Conova 30 1232 Trigynon 1233 OK pills 1234 Sure 1235 Feminyl 1236 Nilocon White 1237 Sunaulo Gulaf 1900 Unspecified low-dose pills 2000 HIGH-DOSE PILLS 2100 International brands 2101 Anovlar 2102 Gynovlar 2103 Lyndiol 2104 Microgynon 30 ED 2105 Milli Anovlar 2106 Neogynon 2107 Neogynon ED 2108 Nordiol 2109 Norquentiel 2110 Ovidon 2111 Ovral 2112 Ovulen 50 2200 Country-specific brands 2201 Combination-5 2202 Lynes 2203 Ovostat 2204 Regumen 2205 Novell-duo 2206 Gynera 2207 Primovlar 2208 Duoluton-L 2209 Ovral G 2210 Progyluton 2211 Gynovlane 2212 Ovanon 2213 Ovidon 2214 Triphasit 2900 Unspecified high-dose pill 3000 PROGESTIN-ONLY PILLS 3100 International brands 3101 Exluton/Lynestrenol 3102 Femulen 3103 Microlut 3104 Micronor 3105 Micronovum 3106 Microval 3107 " 3108 Minovlar 3109 Noriday 3110 Ovrette 3111 Safe Plan 3200 Country-specific brands 3201 Bredicon 3202 Minicon 3203 Levonor 3204 Hyan 3205 I-plan 3206 Primolut N 3207 Cerazette 3208 Planor 3209 Softsure 4000 EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION 4100 International brands 4200 Country-specific brands 4201 Gravistal 4202 Postinor 4900 Unspecified emergency contraception 5000 NON-HORMONAL PILLS 5100 International brands 5200 Country-specific brands 5201 Centron 5202 Saheli 6000 UNSPECIFIED/UNKNOWN PILLS 6100 International brands 6101 Today (sponge) 6200 Country-specific brands 6201 Khoshi 6202 Aco 6203 Cotrablan 6204 Microvior 30 6205 Stero 6206 Blue 6207 Hot 6208 Kamal (foam) 6209 N/M tablets 6210 Nofian 6211 Period oil 6212 Sacharin 6213 Skill 6214 Moti 6215 Subitha 6216 Fingers 6217 Sutura 6218 Menstrogen (injection) 6219 Norvolain 6220 Flexi P 6221 Marutton 6900 Other unspecified/unknown pills 6901 Unspecified private brand 6902 Unspecified public brand 6903 Unspecified social marketing brand 9995 Other 9996 Not able to show 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently using the Pill, FPPILLBRAND (V323) reports the brand name of the Pill that the respondent currently uses. IPUMS Shown pill package Shown pill package Shown pill package Shown pill package Shown pill package 315) May I see the package of pills you are using now? STEDIRIL 01 (GO TO 317) MINIDRIL 02 (GO TO 317) MILLI ANOVLAR 03 (GO TO 317) EUGYNON 04 (GO TO 317) ADEPAL 05 (GO TO 317) MINIPHASE 06 (GO TO 317) LO-FEMENAL 07 (GO TO 317) EUGYNON 08 (GO TO 317) OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 09 (GO TO 317) BOX NOT SHOWN 10 Package not seen 1 Package seen 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently using the Pill as a method of family planning, FPPILLPACK (V372) indicates whether the package of pills currently being used was seen by the interviewer. IPUMS Saw doctor or nurse last time got Pill Saw doctor or nurse last time got Pill Saw doctor or nurse last time got Pill Saw doctor or nurse last time got Pill Saw doctor or nurse last time got Pill 314) At the time you last got pills, did you consult a doctor or midwife? YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPLPILSAWDR (V374) indicates whether the woman consulted a doctor or other trained medical personnel when she last got a supply of the Pill. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Number living children at first use of FP (grouped) Number living children at first use of FP (grouped) Number living children at first use of FP (grouped) Number living children at first use of FP (grouped) Number living children at first use of FP (grouped) 308) Now I would like to speak to you about the time when you first did something or used a method to avoid getting pregnant. How many children did you have at that time? IF NONE, RECORD '00'. NUMBER OF CHILDREN: ___ 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4+ 7 Inconsistent number reported 8 Missing 9 Never used FP FP1STUSGPKID (V311) reports the number of living children, if any, the woman had when she first used a contraceptive method, with the number top-coded at 4+ children. FP1STUSLVKID reports responses to the same question, without top-coding the answers. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Number living children at first use of FP Number living children at first use of FP Number living children at first use of FP Number living children at first use of FP Number living children at first use of FP 308) Now I would like to speak to you about the time when you first did something or used a method to avoid getting pregnant. How many children did you have at that time? IF NONE, RECORD '00'. NUMBER OF CHILDREN: ___ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 96 Inconsistent 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FP1STUSLVKID (V310) reports the number of living children the woman had the first time she used a contraceptive method. The same information is also reported in FP1STUSGPKID, except responses are top-coded at 4+ children in that variable and women who have never used contraception are coded as "9." IPUMS Saw doctor or nurse for first use of Pill Saw doctor or nurse for first use of Pill Saw doctor or nurse for first use of Pill Saw doctor or nurse for first use of Pill Saw doctor or nurse for first use of Pill 313 At the time you first started using the pill, did you consult a doctor or a midwife? YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes No FP1PILSAWDR (V373) indicates whether the woman consulted a doctor or other trained medical personnel when she first started using the Pill. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS FP current use or future intention FP current use or future intention FP current use or future intention FP current use or future intention FP current use or future intention 1 Using modern method 2 Using traditional method 3 Non-user intending to use 4 Does not intend to use 9 NIU (not in universe) 5 Never had sex FPUSINTENT (V364) is a constructed variable drawing on responses to multiple survey questions that divides women into the following categories: those who are currently using a contraceptive method (either modern or traditional); those who are not now using contraception but intend to do so in the future; those who are neither using contraception now nor intend to do so in the future; and (in a minority of samples) those who never had sex. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review FPMETHNOW and FPUSPLAN for additional information on the variables used to construct FPUSINTENT. IPUMS Intention to use FP in future Intention to use FP in future Intention to use FP in future Intention to use FP in future Intention to use FP in future 326) Do you intend to use a method to avoid getting pregnant in the future? YES 1 (GO TO 328) NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 (GO TO 332) 10 Will use in future 11 Use in next 12 months 12 Use later 20 Unsure about future use 21 Unsure about timing 22 Unsure about use 30 Does not intend to use 40 Never had sex 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPUSPLAN (V362) is a constructed variable based on multiple survey questions that reports, for women not currently using contraception, whether the woman intends to use contraception in the future and, if so, when she intends to begin use (in the next 12 months or later). Women uncertain about future contraceptive use are subdivided into those who are unsure about using a method and those unsure about the timing of planned future use. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Preferred future FP method Preferred future FP method Preferred future FP method Preferred future FP method Preferred future FP method 329) When you eventually do use a method, which method would you prefer to use? PILL 01 IUD 02 INJECTIONS 03 DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL 04 CONDOM 05 FEMALE STERILIZATION 06 MALE STERILIZATION 07 PERIODIC ABSTINENCE 08 (GO TO 332) WITHDRAWAL 09 (GO TO 332) GRIS-GRIS 10 (GO TO 332) OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 11 (GO TO 332) UNSURE 98 (GO TO 332) 999 NIU (not in universe) 998 Missing 997 Inconsistent 304 Specific method 4 303 Specific method 3 302 Specific method 2 301 Specific method 1 300 Other method, unspecified 234 Traditional medications 233 Astrology 232 Gris-gris/amulet 231 Herbs 230 Other traditional/folkloric 220 Withdrawal 212 Abstinence 211 Periodic abstinence 210 Abstinence or periodic abstinence 200 TRADITIONAL METHODS 160 Whatever doctor prescribes 150 Other modern methods 140 Emergency contraception 131 Prolonged breastfeeding 130 Lactational amenorrhea (LAM) 126 Vaginal methods 125 Foaming tablets 124 Foam or jelly 123 Diaphragm/Jelly 122 Diaphragm/Foam 121 Diaphragm 120 Diaphragm/Foam/Jelly 108 Male sterilization 107 Female sterilization 106 Female condom 105 Condom 104 Norplant/implants 103 Injections 102 IUD 101 Pill 100 MODERN METHODS 213 CycleBeads/Standard days method 214 Mucus method (periodic abstinence) 235 Knotted cord/strings 236 Charm from traditional spiritual leader 996 Don't know For women not currently using a contraceptive method but intending to do so in the future, FPMETHFUTR (V363) reports the family planning method the woman would prefer to use. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. Answers are grouped under the broad categories of "modern methods," "traditional methods," and "other methods," each with a different first digit. Specific methods are distinguished by the second and third digits. Closely related responses, such as various groupings of diaphragm/foam/jelly, share the first 2 digits in common, while the third digit distinguishes the exact response category. IPUMS The source of the preferred method is the source the respondent believes the preferred method is available. The source of the preferred method is the source the respondent believes the preferred method is available. The source of the preferred method is the source the respondent believes the preferred method is available. The source of the preferred method is the source the respondent believes the preferred method is available. The source of the preferred method is the source the respondent believes the preferred method is available. 330) Where can you get (METHOD MENTIONED IN 329)? NAME OF PLACE: ___ PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL 11 (GO TO 334) MEDICAL CENTER 12(GO TO 334) FAMILY HEALTH CENTER 13(GO TO 334) MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER 14 (GO TO 334) DISPENSARY 15 (GO TO 334) MATERNITY WARD 16 (GO TO 334) PEOPLE'S PHARMACY 17 (GO TO 334) PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE 21 (GO TO 334) CLINIC/HOSPITAL 22 (GO TO 334) PHARMACY 23 (GO TO 334) OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR RELATIVE 31 (GO TO 336) NEIGHBOR 32 (GO TO 336) OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 41(GO TO 336) DON'T KNOW 98 (GO TO 332) 1000 PUBLIC SECTOR 1100 Government hospital 1110 Referral/specialty hospital 1120 Regional/provincial hospital 1130 Urban hospital 1140 District hospital 1150 Rural hospital 1160 Teaching hospital 1200 Government health center 1210 Urban health center 1220 Rural health center 1230 Family welfare center 1240 Primary health center 1300 Government family planning clinic 1400 Government pharmacy/dispensary 1410 Government pharmacy 1420 Government dispensary 1500 Government maternity home 1510 Maternal and child health (MCH) center 1600 Government outreach 1610 Government health post 1620 Government mobile clinic 1630 Government health worker 1631 Fieldworker 1632 Paramedic 1633 Doctor 1634 Community/village health worker 1900 Other public sector 1901 Health insurance organization 1902 Curative care organization 1903 Parastatal health facility 2000 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR 2100 Private hospital/clinic 2110 Private hospital 2120 Private clinic 2200 Private doctor 2210 Doctor/birth attendant 2300 Private pharmacy/dispensary 2310 Private pharmacy 2320 Private dispensary 2400 Private health center 2500 Private family planning clinic 2600 Private maternity home 2700 Private outreach 2710 Private mobile clinic 2720 Private health worker 2721 Nurse 2722 Fieldworker 2723 Community-based distribution agent (CBDA) 2900 Other private medical sector 3000 NGO FACILITY 3100 NGO health facility 3200 Country-specific NGOs 3201 CSI project 4000 RELIGIOUS/MISSION 4100 Religious hospital/clinic 4110 Religious hospital 4200 Religious dispensary 4300 Religious health center 4310 Mosque health center 4320 Church health center 5000 OTHER 5100 Relative/friend 5200 Shop 5300 Church 5400 Traditional birth attendant 5500 Workplace 9995 Other 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using contraception but intend to use a modern method in the future, FPSRCFUTR (V377) reports the intended source for their preferred future method. The related variable FPSRCFUTRS (V378) reports the intended source for their preferred future method, in standardized response categories. IPUMS Source of preferred future FP method, standardized Source of preferred future FP method, standardized Source of preferred future FP method, standardized Source of preferred future FP method, standardized Source of preferred future FP method, standardized 330) Where can you get (METHOD MENTIONED IN 329)? NAME OF PLACE: ___ PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL 11 (GO TO 334) MEDICAL CENTER 12(GO TO 334) FAMILY HEALTH CENTER 13(GO TO 334) MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER 14 (GO TO 334) DISPENSARY 15 (GO TO 334) MATERNITY WARD 16 (GO TO 334) PEOPLE'S PHARMACY 17 (GO TO 334) PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE 21 (GO TO 334) CLINIC/HOSPITAL 22 (GO TO 334) PHARMACY 23 (GO TO 334) OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR RELATIVE 31 (GO TO 336) NEIGHBOR 32 (GO TO 336) OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 41(GO TO 336) DON'T KNOW 98 (GO TO 332) 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Missing 97 Don't know 07 Other 06 Shop, church, friend, books 05 Private Pharmacy 04 Private Clin/Deliv 03 NGO 02 Got Home/Comm delivery 01 Govt Clinical/Pharm For women who plan to use a modern contraceptive method in the future, FPSRCFUTRS (V378) reports the intended source for their preferred future method. This variable was constructed by recoding country-specific responses into standard categories that are consistent across samples. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Ever use any type of FP (folk, traditional, modern) Ever use any type of FP (folk, traditional, modern) Ever use any type of FP (folk, traditional, modern) Ever use any type of FP (folk, traditional, modern) Ever use any type of FP (folk, traditional, modern) 303) Have you ever used (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM Have you ever had a partner who used a condom? YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Have you had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Have you ever had a partner who had an operation to avoid having more children? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE YES 1 NO 2 09. WITHDRAWAL YES 1 NO 2 10. GRIS-GRIS YES 1 NO 2 11. OTHER METHODS YES 1 NO 2 YES 1 NO 2 00 Never used 10 Used only traditional or folkloric method 11 Used only traditional method 12 Used only folkloric method 20 Used modern method FPEVUSE (V302) is a constructed variable that reports whether the woman had ever used a family planning method and, if so, whether she had used a modern contraceptive method or only a traditional or folkloric method. In the DHS, modern methods are pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. IPUMS Ever use Pill for FP Ever use Pill for FP Ever use Pill for FP Ever use Pill for FP Ever use Pill for FP 303) Have you ever used (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM Have you ever had a partner who used a condom? YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Have you had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Have you ever had a partner who had an operation to avoid having more children? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE YES 1 NO 2 09. WITHDRAWAL YES 1 NO 2 10. GRIS-GRIS YES 1 NO 2 11. OTHER METHODS YES 1 NO 2 YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPEVUSPILL (V305_01) indicates whether the woman has ever used the pill to delay or avoid a pregnancy. IPUMS Ever use IUD for FP Ever use IUD for FP Ever use IUD for FP Ever use IUD for FP Ever use IUD for FP 303) Have you ever used (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM Have you ever had a partner who used a condom? YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Have you had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Have you ever had a partner who had an operation to avoid having more children? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE YES 1 NO 2 09. WITHDRAWAL YES 1 NO 2 10. GRIS-GRIS YES 1 NO 2 11. OTHER METHODS YES 1 NO 2 YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPEVUSIUD (V305_02) indicates whether the woman had ever used an IUD to delay or avoid a pregnancy. IPUMS Ever use injectable for FP Ever use injectable for FP Ever use injectable for FP Ever use injectable for FP Ever use injectable for FP 303) Have you ever used (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM Have you ever had a partner who used a condom? YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Have you had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Have you ever had a partner who had an operation to avoid having more children? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE YES 1 NO 2 09. WITHDRAWAL YES 1 NO 2 10. GRIS-GRIS YES 1 NO 2 11. OTHER METHODS YES 1 NO 2 YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPEVUSINJ (V305_03) indicates whether the woman has ever used injectable contraception to delay or avoid a pregnancy. IPUMS Ever use diaphragm for FP Ever use diaphragm for FP Ever use diaphragm for FP Ever use diaphragm for FP Ever use diaphragm for FP 303) Have you ever used (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM Have you ever had a partner who used a condom? YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Have you had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Have you ever had a partner who had an operation to avoid having more children? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE YES 1 NO 2 09. WITHDRAWAL YES 1 NO 2 10. GRIS-GRIS YES 1 NO 2 11. OTHER METHODS YES 1 NO 2 YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPEVUSDIA (V305_04) indicates whether the woman had ever used the diaphragm (sometimes explicitly in conjunction with foam or jelly) to delay or avoid a pregnancy. See Comparability. IPUMS Ever use condom for FP Ever use condom for FP Ever use condom for FP Ever use condom for FP Ever use condom for FP 303) Have you ever used (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM Have you ever had a partner who used a condom? YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Have you had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Have you ever had a partner who had an operation to avoid having more children? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE YES 1 NO 2 09. WITHDRAWAL YES 1 NO 2 10. GRIS-GRIS YES 1 NO 2 11. OTHER METHODS YES 1 NO 2 YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPEVUSCON (V305_05) indicates whether the woman had ever used the male condom to delay or avoid a pregnancy. IPUMS Ever use female sterilization for FP Ever use female sterilization for FP Ever use female sterilization for FP Ever use female sterilization for FP Ever use female sterilization for FP 303) Have you ever used (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM Have you ever had a partner who used a condom? YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Have you had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Have you ever had a partner who had an operation to avoid having more children? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE YES 1 NO 2 09. WITHDRAWAL YES 1 NO 2 10. GRIS-GRIS YES 1 NO 2 11. OTHER METHODS YES 1 NO 2 YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPEVUSFST (V305_06) indicates whether the woman had ever used female sterilization to delay or avoid a pregnancy. IPUMS Ever use withdrawal for FP Ever use withdrawal for FP Ever use withdrawal for FP Ever use withdrawal for FP Ever use withdrawal for FP 303) Have you ever used (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM Have you ever had a partner who used a condom? YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Have you had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Have you ever had a partner who had an operation to avoid having more children? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE YES 1 NO 2 09. WITHDRAWAL YES 1 NO 2 10. GRIS-GRIS YES 1 NO 2 11. OTHER METHODS YES 1 NO 2 YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPEVUSWD (V305_09) indicates whether the woman has ever used withdrawal to delay or avoid a pregnancy. IPUMS Ever use rhythm for FP Ever use rhythm for FP Ever use rhythm for FP Ever use rhythm for FP Ever use rhythm for FP 303) Have you ever used (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM Have you ever had a partner who used a condom? YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Have you had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Have you ever had a partner who had an operation to avoid having more children? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE YES 1 NO 2 09. WITHDRAWAL YES 1 NO 2 10. GRIS-GRIS YES 1 NO 2 11. OTHER METHODS YES 1 NO 2 YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPEVUSRHY (V305_08) indicates whether the woman had ever used rhythm (periodic abstinence) to delay or avoid a pregnancy. IPUMS Ever use male sterilization for FP Ever use male sterilization for FP Ever use male sterilization for FP Ever use male sterilization for FP Ever use male sterilization for FP 303) Have you ever used (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM Have you ever had a partner who used a condom? YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Have you had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Have you ever had a partner who had an operation to avoid having more children? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE YES 1 NO 2 09. WITHDRAWAL YES 1 NO 2 10. GRIS-GRIS YES 1 NO 2 11. OTHER METHODS YES 1 NO 2 YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPEVUSMST (V305_07) indicates whether the woman had ever used male sterilization to delay or avoid a pregnancy. IPUMS Ever use charms or amulets for FP Ever use charms or amulets for FP Ever use charms or amulets for FP Ever use charms or amulets for FP Ever use charms or amulets for FP 303) Have you ever used (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM Have you ever had a partner who used a condom? YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Have you had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Have you ever had a partner who had an operation to avoid having more children? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE YES 1 NO 2 09. WITHDRAWAL YES 1 NO 2 10. GRIS-GRIS YES 1 NO 2 11. OTHER METHODS YES 1 NO 2 YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPEVUSCHARM indicates whether the woman had ever used charms or amulets to delay or avoid a pregnancy. The complementary variable FPKNOCHARM indicates whether the woman knew about using charms or amulets as a method for family planning. IPUMS Ever use religion for FP Ever use religion for FP Ever use religion for FP Ever use religion for FP Ever use religion for FP 303) Have you ever used (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM Have you ever had a partner who used a condom? YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Have you had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Have you ever had a partner who had an operation to avoid having more children? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE YES 1 NO 2 09. WITHDRAWAL YES 1 NO 2 10. GRIS-GRIS YES 1 NO 2 11. OTHER METHODS YES 1 NO 2 YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPEVUSRELIG indicates whether the woman had ever used religion, such as a religious holy person or holy book, to delay or avoid a pregnancy. IPUMS Ever use other methods for FP Ever use other methods for FP Ever use other methods for FP Ever use other methods for FP Ever use other methods for FP 303) Have you ever used (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM Have you ever had a partner who used a condom? YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Have you had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Have you ever had a partner who had an operation to avoid having more children? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE YES 1 NO 2 09. WITHDRAWAL YES 1 NO 2 10. GRIS-GRIS YES 1 NO 2 11. OTHER METHODS YES 1 NO 2 YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPEVUSOM (V305_10) indicates whether the woman has ever used other methods to delay or avoid a pregnancy. IPUMS Thinks would have sterilization again Thinks would have sterilization again Thinks would have sterilization again Thinks would have sterilization again Thinks would have sterilization again 607) Given your present circumstances, if you could do it all over again, do you think you/your husband would make the same decision to not have any more children? YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who have been sterilized or whose partners have been sterilized, FPSTERAGN (V619) indicates whether they (or their partners) would choose to have the operation if given the chance to do it over again. IPUMS Reason regrets sterilization Reason regrets sterilization Reason regrets sterilization Reason regrets sterilization Reason regrets sterilization 609) Why do you regret it? RESPONDENT WANTS ANOTHER CHILD 1 (GO TO 614) PARTNER WANTS ANOTHER CHILD 2 1 (GO TO 614) SIDE EFFECTS 3 (GO TO 614) OTHER REASON (SPECIFY): ___ 4 (GO TO 614) 00 No regret 01 Respondent wants a(nother) child 02 Partner wants a(nother) child 03 Side effects 04 Child died 05 Marital status changed 06 Operation failed 95 Other reason 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who have been sterilized or whose partners have been sterilized, FPSTERREG (V618) reports the reason (if any) they regret getting sterilized. IPUMS Age at sterilization (grouped) Age at sterilization (grouped) Age at sterilization (grouped) Age at sterilization (grouped) Age at sterilization (grouped) 322) In what month and year was the sterilization operation performed? MONTH: ___ (GO TO 336) YEAR: ___ (GO TO 336) 7 50 - 54 years old 1 Less than 25 years old 2 25 - 29 years old 3 30 - 34 years old 4 35 - 39 years old 5 40 - 44 years old 6 45 - 49 years old 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who have been sterilized or whose partners have been sterilized, FPSTERILAGE (V320) reports their age at the time of their sterilization operation. IPUMS Parity at sterilization Parity at sterilization Parity at sterilization Parity at sterilization Parity at sterilization 322) In what month and year was the sterilization operation performed? MONTH: ___ (GO TO 336) YEAR: ___ (GO TO 336) 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 or more 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who have been sterilized or whose partners have been sterilized, FPSTERILPAR (V322) reports the parity of the women at the time of their sterilization, top-coded at 5+ children. IPUMS Marital duration at time of sterilization Marital duration at time of sterilization Marital duration at time of sterilization Marital duration at time of sterilization Marital duration at time of sterilization 322) In what month and year was the sterilization operation performed? MONTH: ___ (GO TO 336) YEAR: ___ (GO TO 336) Single, before marriage 1 0 - 4 years 2 5 - 9 years 3 10 - 14 years 4 15 - 19 years 5 20 - 24 years 6 25 - 29 years 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who have been sterilized or whose partners have been sterilized, FPSTERMARDUR (V321) reports, in 5-year groups, the women's marital duration at the time of their sterilization. IPUMS Years since sterilization Years since sterilization Years since sterilization Years since sterilization Years since sterilization 322) In what month and year was the sterilization operation performed? MONTH: ___ (GO TO 336) YEAR: ___ (GO TO 336) 1 Less than 2 years 2 2 - 3 years 3 4 - 5 years 4 6 - 7 years 5 8 - 9 years 6 10 or more years 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who have been sterilized or whose partners have been sterilized, FPSTERYRAGO (V319) reports the number of years since their sterilization operation, using 2-year groups, top-coded at 10+ years. IPUMS Date when sterilized (CMC) Date when sterilized (CMC) Date when sterilized (CMC) Date when sterilized (CMC) Date when sterilized (CMC) 322) In what month and year was the sterilization operation performed? MONTH: ___ (GO TO 336) YEAR: ___ (GO TO 336) 9999 NIU (not in universe) For women who have been sterilized or whose partners have been sterilized, FPSTERILDTCMC reports the century month code (CMC) for the date of their sterilization. IPUMS Month of sterilization Month of sterilization Month of sterilization Month of sterilization Month of sterilization 322) In what month and year was the sterilization operation performed? MONTH: ___ (GO TO 336) YEAR: ___ (GO TO 336) 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who have been sterilized or whose partners have been sterilized, FPSTERILMO reports the calendar month of their sterilization. The calendar year of their sterilization is reported in FPSTERILYR. IPUMS Year when sterilized Year when sterilized Year when sterilized Year when sterilized Year when sterilized 322) In what month and year was the sterilization operation performed? MONTH: ___ (GO TO 336) YEAR: ___ (GO TO 336) 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 9999 NIU (not in universe) 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 For women who have been sterilized or whose partners have been sterilized, FPSTERILYR reports the calendar year of their sterilization. The calendar month of their sterilization is reported in FPSTERILMO. IPUMS Completeness of information - date of sterilization Completeness of information - date of sterilization Completeness of information - date of sterilization Completeness of information - date of sterilization Completeness of information - date of sterilization 322) In what month and year was the sterilization operation performed? MONTH: ___ (GO TO 336) YEAR: ___ (GO TO 336) 1 Month and year given 5 Month imputed, year given 6 Month given, year imputed (date placed) 7 No information given (date placed) 8 From calendar 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who have been sterilized or whose partners have been sterilized, FPSTERCOMP reports the completeness of information about the date of their sterilization. IPUMS Heard FP message on radio Heard FP message on radio Heard FP message on radio Heard FP message on radio Heard FP message on radio 336) In the past month, have you heard a message about family planning on: The radio? The television? RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, only once 12 Yes, more than once 98 Missing 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) FPRADIOHR (V384A) indicates whether the woman heard family planning message(s) on the radio in the last few months. Some samples specify other periods of time. See Comparability. IPUMS Heard FP message on TV recently Heard FP message on TV recently Heard FP message on TV recently Heard FP message on TV recently Heard FP message on TV recently 336) In the past month, have you heard a message about family planning on: The radio? The television? RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTVHR (V384B) indicates whether the woman heard family planning message(s) on television in the last few months. Some samples specify other periods of time. See Comparability. IPUMS Acceptability of FP message on radio or TV Acceptability of FP message on radio or TV Acceptability of FP message on radio or TV Acceptability of FP message on radio or TV Acceptability of FP message on radio or TV 337) Do you find it acceptable or not that information about family planning is provided on the radio and in newspapers? ACCEPTABLE 1 NOT ACCEPTABLE 2 DON'T KNOW 8 Not acceptable 1 Acceptable 7 Don't know 8 Missing FPMEDIAOK (V366) indicates whether the woman considered family planning messages on radio or television to be acceptable or unacceptable. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Know source for modern FP method Know source for modern FP method Know source for modern FP method Know source for modern FP method Know source for modern FP method 304) Do you know where a person could go to get (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Do you know where a person can obtain advice on how to use periodic abstinence? YES 1 NO 2 Doesn't know source 1 Knows source for modern method FPKNOMODSRC (V303) indicates whether the woman knew of source from which she believed she could obtain a modern method of family planning. Whether the source existed and whether it could supply the method was not verified. In the DHS, the following family planning methods are considered modern methods: Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. IPUMS Know source of information for condom: Yes or no Know source of information for condom: Yes or no Know source of information for condom: Yes or no Know source of information for condom: Yes or no Know source of information for condom: Yes or no 304) Do you know where a person could go to get (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Do you know where a person can obtain advice on how to use periodic abstinence? YES 1 NO 2 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 1 Yes No 7 Not asked FPKNOSRCCON (V306_05) is a dichotomous variable indicating whether the woman knew a place someone could go to get a male condom to delay or avoid pregnancy. IPUMS Know source of information for diaphragm: Yes or no Know source of information for diaphragm: Yes or no Know source of information for diaphragm: Yes or no Know source of information for diaphragm: Yes or no Know source of information for diaphragm: Yes or no 304) Do you know where a person could go to get (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Do you know where a person can obtain advice on how to use periodic abstinence? YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 7 Not asked 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOSRCDIA (V306_04) is a dichotomous variable indicating whether the woman knew a place someone could go to get a diaphragm/foam/jelly to delay or avoid pregnancy. IPUMS Know source of information for female sterilization: Yes or no Know source of information for female sterilization: Yes or no Know source of information for female sterilization: Yes or no Know source of information for female sterilization: Yes or no Know source of information for female sterilization: Yes or no 304) Do you know where a person could go to get (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Do you know where a person can obtain advice on how to use periodic abstinence? YES 1 NO 2 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 1 Yes No 7 Not asked FPKNOSRCFST (V306_06) is a dichotomous variable indicating whether the woman knew a place someone could go to get female sterilization to delay or avoid pregnancy. IPUMS Know source of information for injectable contraception: Yes or no Know source of information for injectable contraception: Yes or no Know source of information for injectable contraception: Yes or no Know source of information for injectable contraception: Yes or no Know source of information for injectable contraception: Yes or no 304) Do you know where a person could go to get (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Do you know where a person can obtain advice on how to use periodic abstinence? YES 1 NO 2 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 1 Yes No 7 Not asked FPKNOSRCINJ (V306_03) is a dichotomous variable indicating whether the woman knew a place someone could go to get injectable contraception to delay or avoid pregnancy. IPUMS Know source of information for IUD: Yes or no Know source of information for IUD: Yes or no Know source of information for IUD: Yes or no Know source of information for IUD: Yes or no Know source of information for IUD: Yes or no 304) Do you know where a person could go to get (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Do you know where a person can obtain advice on how to use periodic abstinence? YES 1 NO 2 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 1 Yes No 7 Not asked FPKNOSRCIUD (V306_02) is a dichotomous variable indicating whether the woman knew a place someone could go to get an IUD to delay or avoid pregnancy. IPUMS Know source of information for male sterilization: Yes or no Know source of information for male sterilization: Yes or no Know source of information for male sterilization: Yes or no Know source of information for male sterilization: Yes or no Know source of information for male sterilization: Yes or no 304) Do you know where a person could go to get (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Do you know where a person can obtain advice on how to use periodic abstinence? YES 1 NO 2 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 1 Yes No 7 Not asked FPKNOSRCMST (V306_07) is a dichotomous variable indicating whether the woman knew a place someone could go to get male sterilization to delay or avoid pregnancy. IPUMS Know source of information for Pill: Yes or no Know source of information for Pill: Yes or no Know source of information for Pill: Yes or no Know source of information for Pill: Yes or no Know source of information for Pill: Yes or no 304) Do you know where a person could go to get (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Do you know where a person can obtain advice on how to use periodic abstinence? YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOSRCPIL (V306_01) is a dichotomous variable indicating whether the woman knew a place someone could go to get the Pill to delay or avoid pregnancy. IPUMS Know source of information for rhythm: Yes or no Know source of information for rhythm: Yes or no Know source of information for rhythm: Yes or no Know source of information for rhythm: Yes or no Know source of information for rhythm: Yes or no 304) Do you know where a person could go to get (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Do you know where a person can obtain advice on how to use periodic abstinence? YES 1 NO 2 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 1 Yes No 7 Not asked FPKNOSRCRHY (V306_08) is a dichotomous variable indicating whether the woman knew a place someone could go to learn about rhythm (periodic abstinence) to delay or avoid pregnancy. IPUMS Why not intend to use FP in future Why not intend to use FP in future Why not intend to use FP in future Why not intend to use FP in future Why not intend to use FP in future 327) What is the main reason you do not intend to use a method? WANTS CHILDREN 01 (GO TO 332) LACK OF INFORMATION 02(GO TO 332) PARTNER DISAPPROVES 03(GO TO 332) COST TOO MUCH 04 (GO TO 332) SIDE EFFECTS 05 (GO TO 332) HEALTH PROBLEMS 06 (GO TO 332) HARD TO GET METHODS 07(GO TO 332) RELIGION 08(GO TO 332) OPPOSED TO FAMILY PLANNING 09(GO TO 332) FATALIST 10(GO TO 332) OTHER PEOPLE OPPOSED 11(GO TO 332) INFREQUENT SEX 12(GO TO 332) DIFFICULT TO GET PREGNANT 13 (GO TO 332) MENOPAUSAL/HAD HYSTERECTOMY 14 (GO TO 332) INCONVENIENT 15 (GO TO 332) UNMARRIED 16 (GO TO 332) OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 17 (GO TO 332) DON'T KNOW 98 (GO TO 332) 10 NOT MARRIED 11 Not married 12 Not intending to marry 13 Inconsistent says not married 20 OTHER LOW FERTILITY RISK 21 Not having sex 22 Infrequent sex 23 Menopausal or hysterectomy 24 Subfecund, infecund 25 Postpartum, breastfeeding 26 Husband ill or subfecund 30 WANTS CHILDREN 31 Wants more children 32 Wants son 33 Wants daughter 34 Fatalistic 35 Wants as many children as possible 40 OPPOSITION TO USE 41 Respondent opposed 42 Husband opposed/makes decision on FP 43 Others opposed 44 Religious prohibition 45 Cultural taboos 46 Rumors 50 LACK OF KNOWLEDGE 51 Knows no method 52 Knows no source 60 METHOD-RELATED 61 Health concerns 62 Fear side effects 63 Lack of access 64 Cost too much 65 Inconvenient to use 66 Interfere with body 67 Sterilization concerns 70 OTHER 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women not now using a contraceptive method and not intending to do so in the future, FPYNOTFUS (V376) reports the reason the woman doesn't intend to use family planning in the future. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. Responses are grouped into the following broad categories, each with a different first digit: not married, other low fertility risk, wants children, opposition to use, lack of knowledge, method-related, and other. Specific responses within these categories are distinguished by the second digit of the codes. IPUMS Type of method: Pill Type of method: Pill Type of method: Pill Type of method: Pill Type of method: Pill 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 9 NIU (not in universe) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method FPTYPPILL (V304A_01) reports whether the Pill is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. Additionally, while FPTYPPILL (V304A_01) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: IUD Type of method: IUD Type of method: IUD Type of method: IUD Type of method: IUD 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 9 NIU (not in universe) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method FPTYPIUD (V304A_02) reports whether the intrauterine device (IUD) is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. Additionally, while FPTYPIUD (V304A_02) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Injectables Type of method: Injectables Type of method: Injectables Type of method: Injectables Type of method: Injectables 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 9 NIU (not in universe) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method FPTYPINJ (V304A_03) reports whether injectable contraception is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. Additionally, while FPTYPINJ (V304A_03) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Diaphragm Type of method: Diaphragm Type of method: Diaphragm Type of method: Diaphragm Type of method: Diaphragm 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPDIA (V304A_04) reports whether diaphragm or spermicides, such as foam or jelly, is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. Some phases combine diaphragm and spermicides in the response and some are separate; see Comparability. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. In some cases, however, there are exceptions to this organization; see Comparability. Additionally, while FPTYPDIA (V304A_04) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Condom Type of method: Condom Type of method: Condom Type of method: Condom Type of method: Condom 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 9 NIU (not in universe) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method FPTYPCON (V304A_05) reports whether the male condom is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. Additionally, while FPTYPCON (V304A_05) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Female sterilization Type of method: Female sterilization Type of method: Female sterilization Type of method: Female sterilization Type of method: Female sterilization 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 9 NIU (not in universe) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method FPTYPFST (V304A_06) reports whether female sterilization is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. Additionally, while FPTYPFST (V304A_06) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Male sterilization Type of method: Male sterilization Type of method: Male sterilization Type of method: Male sterilization Type of method: Male sterilization 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 9 NIU (not in universe) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method FPTYPMST (V304A_07) reports whether male sterilization is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. Additionally, while FPTYPMST (V304A_07) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Rhythm method Type of method: Rhythm method Type of method: Rhythm method Type of method: Rhythm method Type of method: Rhythm method 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPRHY (V304A_08) reports whether the rhythm method (periodic abstinence) is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the standard DHS recode manuals, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. In some cases, however, there are exceptions to this organization; see Comparability. Additionally, while FPTYPRHY (V304A_08) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Withdrawal Type of method: Withdrawal Type of method: Withdrawal Type of method: Withdrawal Type of method: Withdrawal 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPWD (V304A_09) reports whether withdrawal is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the standard DHS recode manuals, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. In some cases, however, there are exceptions to this organization; see Comparability. Additionally, while FPTYPWD (V304A_09) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Charms or amulets Type of method: Charms or amulets Type of method: Charms or amulets Type of method: Charms or amulets Type of method: Charms or amulets 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method FPTYPCHARM reports whether a charm or amulet is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. In some cases, however, there are exceptions to this organization; see Comparability. Additionally, while FPTYPCHARM and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Religion (Marabout or coran) Type of method: Religion (Marabout or coran) Type of method: Religion (Marabout or coran) Type of method: Religion (Marabout or coran) Type of method: Religion (Marabout or coran) 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method FPTYPRELIG reports whether the use of religion, such as a religious holy person or holy book, is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the standard DHS recode manuals, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. In some cases, however, there are exceptions to this organization; see Comparability. Additionally, while FPTYPRELIG and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Other method Type of method: Other method Type of method: Other method Type of method: Other method Type of method: Other method 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPOM (V304A_10) reports whether any "other" method reported by the woman is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. The meaning of "other" depends on the specific response categories included in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. Additionally, while FPTYPOM (V304A_10) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Number of times discussed FP with partner in past year Number of times discussed FP with partner in past year Number of times discussed FP with partner in past year Number of times discussed FP with partner in past year Number of times discussed FP with partner in past year 611) How often have you talked to your husband/partner about this subject in the last 12 months? NEVER 1 ONCE OR TWICE 2 MORE OFTEN 3 Never 1 Once or twice 2 More often 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) 7 Don't know FPTALKHUSNO (V611) reports the number of the times the woman has recently discussed family planning with her husband/partner. IPUMS Time since last intercourse Time since last intercourse Time since last intercourse Time since last intercourse Time since last intercourse 516) When was the last time you had sexual intercourse? DAYS: ___ 1 WEEKS: ___ 2 MONTHS: ___ 3 YEARS: ___ 4 BEFORE LAST BIRTH 996 154 54 days 153 53 days 152 52 days 151 51 days 150 50 days 149 49 days 148 48 days 147 47 days 146 46 days 145 45 days 144 44 days 143 43 days 142 42 days 141 41 days 140 40 days 139 39 days 138 38 days 137 37 days 136 36 days 135 35 days 134 34 days 133 33 days 132 32 days 131 31 days 130 30 days 129 29 days 128 28 days 127 27 days 126 26 days 125 25 days 124 24 days 123 23 days 122 22 days 121 21 days 120 20 days 119 19 days 118 18 days 117 17 days 116 16 days 115 15 days 114 14 days 113 13 days 112 12 days 111 11 days 110 10 days 109 9 days 108 8 days 107 7 days 106 6 days 105 5 days 104 4 days 103 3 days 102 2 days 101 1 day 100 Less than 1 day ago 155 55 days 156 56 days 157 57 days 158 58 days 159 59 days 160 60 days 161 61 days 162 62 days 163 63 days 164 64 days 165 65 days 166 66 days 167 67 days 168 68 days 169 69 days 170 70 days 171 71 days 172 72 days 173 73 days 174 74 days 175 75 days 176 76 days 177 77 days 178 78 days 179 79 days 180 80 days 181 81 days 182 82 days 183 83 days 184 84 days 185 85 days 186 86 days 187 87 days 188 88 days 189 89 days 190 90 days 191 91 days 192 92 days 193 93 days 194 94 days 195 95 days 196 96 days 197 97 days 198 Days, number inconsistent 199 Days, number missing 200 WEEKS 201 1 week 202 2 weeks 203 3 weeks 204 4 weeks 205 5 weeks 206 6 weeks 207 7 weeks 208 8 weeks 209 9 weeks 210 10 weeks 211 11 weeks 212 12 weeks 213 13 weeks 214 14 weeks 215 15 weeks 216 16 weeks 217 17 weeks 218 18 weeks 219 19 weeks 220 20 weeks 221 21 weeks 222 22 weeks 223 23 weeks 224 24 weeks 225 25 weeks 226 26 weeks 227 27 weeks 228 28 weeks 229 29 weeks 230 30 weeks 231 31 weeks 232 32 weeks 233 33 weeks 234 34 weeks 235 35 weeks 236 36 weeks 237 37 weeks 238 38 weeks 239 39 weeks 240 40 weeks 241 41 weeks 242 42 weeks 243 43 weeks 244 44 weeks 245 45 weeks 246 46 weeks 247 47 weeks 248 48 weeks 249 49 weeks 250 50 weeks 251 51 weeks 252 52 weeks 298 Weeks, inconsistent 299 Weeks, number missing 300 MONTHS 301 1 month 302 2 months 303 3 months 304 4 months 305 5 months 306 6 months 307 7 months 308 8 months 309 9 months 310 10 months 311 11 months 312 12 months 313 13 months 314 14 months 315 15 months 316 16 months 317 17 months 318 18 months 319 19 months 320 20 months 321 21 months 322 22 months 323 23 months 324 24 months 325 25 months 326 26 months 327 27 months 328 28 months 329 29 months 330 30 months 331 31 months 332 32 months 333 33 months 334 34 months 335 35 months 336 36 months 337 37 months 338 38 months 339 39 months 340 40 months 341 41 months 342 42 months 343 43 months 344 44 months 345 45 months 346 46 months 347 47 months 348 48 months 349 49 months 350 50 months 351 51 months 352 52 months 353 53 months 354 54 months 355 55 months 356 56 months 357 57 months 358 58 months 359 59 months 360 60 months 361 61 months 362 62 months 363 63 months 364 64 months 365 65 months 366 66 months 367 67 months 368 68 months 369 69 months 370 70 months 371 71 months 372 72 months 373 73 months 374 74 months 375 75 months 376 76 months 377 77 months 378 78 months 379 79 months 380 80 months 381 81 months 382 82 months 383 83 months 384 84 months 385 85 months 386 86 months 387 87 months 388 88 months 389 89 months 390 90 months 391 91 months 392 92 months 393 93 months 394 94 months 395 95 months 396 96 months 397 97 months 398 Months, inconsistent 399 Months, number missing 400 YEARS 401 1 year 402 2 years 403 3 years 404 4 years 405 5 years 406 6 years 407 7 years 408 8 years 409 9 years 410 10 years 411 11 years 412 12 years 413 13 years 414 14 years 415 15 years 416 16 years 417 17 years 418 18 years 419 19 years 420 20 years 421 21 years 422 22 years 423 23 years 424 24 years 425 25 years 426 26 years 427 27 years 428 28 years 429 29 years 430 30 years 431 31 years 432 32 years 433 33 years 434 34 years 435 35 years 436 36 years 437 37 years 438 38 years 439 39 years 440 40 years 441 41 years 442 42 years 443 43 years 444 44 years 445 45 years 448 48 years 449 49 years 450 50+ years 499 Years, number missing 993 With former husband 994 Within last 4 weeks 995 Before last birth 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) 446 46 years 447 47 years TIMESINCESEX (V527) reports how many days, weeks, months or years had passed since the woman had sexual intercourse with her most recent sexual partner. IPUMS Time since last intercourse in days Time since last intercourse in days Time since last intercourse in days Time since last intercourse in days Time since last intercourse in days 516) When was the last time you had sexual intercourse? DAYS: ___ 1 WEEKS: ___ 2 MONTHS: ___ 3 YEARS: ___ 4 BEFORE LAST BIRTH 996 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31+ days 92 Not married/no regular partner 93 Within last 4 weeks 94 Before last birth 95 With former husband 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) TIMESINCESEXD (V528) reports the number of days that have passed since the respondent last had sexual intercourse. Durations of more than 30 days are grouped into "31+." If the respondent reported having sexual intercourse in the last 4 weeks but replied that her last sexual intercourse was one month before the interview (in TIMESINCESEX (V527), this response is recoded to "30" in TIMESINCESEXD. In all other cases, a response of "One month" in TIMESINCESEX is coded as "31+." IPUMS Time since last intercourse in months (imputed) Time since last intercourse in months (imputed) Time since last intercourse in months (imputed) Time since last intercourse in months (imputed) Time since last intercourse in months (imputed) 516) When was the last time you had sexual intercourse? DAYS: ___ 1 WEEKS: ___ 2 MONTHS: ___ 3 YEARS: ___ 4 BEFORE LAST BIRTH 996 000 Less than 1 month 993 No partner 994 With former husband 995 Before last birth 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) TIMESINCESEXM (V529) reports the computed time (in months) since the respondent last had sexual intercourse. This variable's value is computed from the responses in TIMESINCESEX (V527), with durations exceeding the interval since the last birth recoded as "Before last birth." IPUMS Flag for time since last sex (months, imputed) Flag for time since last sex (months, imputed) Flag for time since last sex (months, imputed) Flag for time since last sex (months, imputed) Flag for time since last sex (months, imputed) 00 No flag 01 Duration greater than time since last birth and did not report pp abstinence 02 Duration plus abstinence after last birth greater than time since last birth 03 Reported, but did not resume sex after last birth 04 Before last birth, but no births 05 Before last birth, but currently pregnant 06 Before last birth, but resumed sex after last birth 07 Reported but before last pregnancy 08 Reported but inconsistent with times had sex in past 4 weeks 09 Reported but before last birth 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) TIMESINCESEXFLAG (V530) is a flag variable reporting the type of problem found when editing responses about the time that has passed since the respondent last had sexual intercourse (in TIMESINCESEXM (V529)). Below are descriptions of each code: 0 = No flag 1 = Duration reported is greater than the interval since the last birth, and the respondent did not say in the maternity section (PPABSTAINNOW (V406)) that she is still abstaining from sexual relations since her last birth 2 = Duration reported plus the duration of abstinence after the last birth (PPABMO_01 (M8_1)) is greater than the interval since the last birth 3 = Duration reported, but the respondent has not resumed sexual intercourse since the last birth 4 = Respondent reported last intercourse was before her last birth, but she has never given birth 5 = Respondent reported last intercourse was before her last birth, but she was currently pregnant (PREGNANT (V213). 6 = Respondent reported last intercourse was before her last birth, but she reported in the maternity section that she had resumed sexual intercourse after her last birth 7 = Respondent reported a duration since her last intercourse, but this would place her last intercourse before her last pregnancy 8 = Respondent reported a duration since her last intercourse, but this response was inconsistent with her response concerning the number of times she had sexual intercourse in the 4 weeks preceding the survey (SX4WKX (V526)) 9 = Duration reported, but would place her last sexual intercourse before her last birth IPUMS Times had sex in last 4 weeks Times had sex in last 4 weeks Times had sex in last 4 weeks Times had sex in last 4 weeks Times had sex in last 4 weeks 514) Now we need some details about your sexual activity in order to get a better understanding of contraception and fertility. How many times did you have sexual intercourse in the last four weeks? NUMBER OF TIMES: ___ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95+ 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) SX4WKNO (V526) reports the number of times the respondent had sexual intercourse in last 4 weeks. IPUMS Times respondent usually has sex in a month Times respondent usually has sex in a month Times respondent usually has sex in a month Times respondent usually has sex in a month Times respondent usually has sex in a month 515) How many times in a month do you usually have sexual intercourse? NUMBER OF TIMES: ___ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) SX4WKAVG (V533) reports the number of times the respondent usually has sex in a month. IPUMS Age at first intercourse Age at first intercourse Age at first intercourse Age at first intercourse Age at first intercourse 517) How old were you when you first had sexual intercourse? AGE: ___ FIRST TIME WHEN MARRIED 96 00 Not had intercourse 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 94 Refused to respond 95 At first union 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) AGE1STSEX (V525) indicates the woman's self-reported age for the first time she had sexual intercourse. IPUMS Age at first intercourse (imputed) Age at first intercourse (imputed) Age at first intercourse (imputed) Age at first intercourse (imputed) Age at first intercourse (imputed) 517) How old were you when you first had sexual intercourse? AGE: ___ FIRST TIME WHEN MARRIED 96 00 Not had sex 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 95 Refused to respond 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) AGE1STSEXIMP (V531) reports the respondent's age at first sexual intercourse. This variable is the same as AGE1STSEX (V525), except for women who reported their first sexual intercourse was at the time of their union. For these women, the age at first sex is taken from the age at first union. In cases where the age at first sex was inconsistent with the age at conception of the first child, but only by one year, the age at first sex was reduced by one year. IPUMS Flag for age at first intercourse Flag for age at first intercourse Flag for age at first intercourse Flag for age at first intercourse Flag for age at first intercourse No flag 1 After interview 2 After conception by 1 year or more 3 After conception by less than 1 year 4 At marriage, but never married 5 At marriage, but after conception 6 After marriage AGE1STSEXFLAG (V532) is a flag variable reporting the type of inconsistency found when editing responses about when the respondent first had sexual intercourse. Below are descriptions of each code: 0 = No flag 1 = Respondent reported age at first sexual intercourse that exceeds her current age (AGE (V012)) 2 = Respondent reported her age at first sexual intercourse as occurring more than one year after the conception of her first child 3 = Respondent reported her age at first sexual intercourse as occurring up to one year after the conception of her first child 4 = Respondent reported that her first sexual intercourse was at the time of her first marriage, but the respondent was never married (EVERMARRIED (V535)) 5 = Respondent reported that her first sexual intercourse was at the time of her first marriage, but her first marriage occurred after the conception of her first child 6 = Respondent reported her first sexual intercourse as being some time after her first marriage IPUMS Doctor gave delivery care Doctor gave delivery care Doctor gave delivery care Doctor gave delivery care Doctor gave delivery care 412) Who assisted you in the delivery of (NAME)? Anyone else? PROBE FOR THE TYPE OF PERSON AND RECORD ALL PERSONS MENTIONED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/ MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D RELATIVE E OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ F NO ONE G 1 DELDOC_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, DELDOC_ALL (M3A_x) indicates whether a doctor gave delivery care. Women could report more than one type of healthcare (or traditional) provider. DELDOC_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (DELDOC_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., DELDOC_02, DELDOC_03, DELDOC_04, DELDOC_05, and DELDOC_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If DELDOC_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For surveys including this question, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then DELDOC_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Doctor gave delivery care for last birth Doctor gave delivery care for last birth Doctor gave delivery care for last birth Doctor gave delivery care for last birth Doctor gave delivery care for last birth 412) Who assisted you in the delivery of (NAME)? Anyone else? PROBE FOR THE TYPE OF PERSON AND RECORD ALL PERSONS MENTIONED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/ MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D RELATIVE E OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ F NO ONE G No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, DELDOC_01 (M3A_1) indicates whether a doctor gave delivery care (for the last birth). Women could report more than one type of healthcare (or traditional) provider. IPUMS Doctor gave delivery care (second to last birth) Doctor gave delivery care (second to last birth) Doctor gave delivery care (second to last birth) Doctor gave delivery care (second to last birth) Doctor gave delivery care (second to last birth) 412) Who assisted you in the delivery of (NAME)? Anyone else? PROBE FOR THE TYPE OF PERSON AND RECORD ALL PERSONS MENTIONED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/ MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D RELATIVE E OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ F NO ONE G No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Doctor gave delivery care (third to last birth) Doctor gave delivery care (third to last birth) Doctor gave delivery care (third to last birth) Doctor gave delivery care (third to last birth) Doctor gave delivery care (third to last birth) 412) Who assisted you in the delivery of (NAME)? Anyone else? PROBE FOR THE TYPE OF PERSON AND RECORD ALL PERSONS MENTIONED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/ MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D RELATIVE E OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ F NO ONE G No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Doctor gave delivery care (fourth to last birth) Doctor gave delivery care (fourth to last birth) Doctor gave delivery care (fourth to last birth) Doctor gave delivery care (fourth to last birth) Doctor gave delivery care (fourth to last birth) 412) Who assisted you in the delivery of (NAME)? Anyone else? PROBE FOR THE TYPE OF PERSON AND RECORD ALL PERSONS MENTIONED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/ MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D RELATIVE E OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ F NO ONE G No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Doctor gave delivery care (fifth to last birth) Doctor gave delivery care (fifth to last birth) Doctor gave delivery care (fifth to last birth) Doctor gave delivery care (fifth to last birth) Doctor gave delivery care (fifth to last birth) 412) Who assisted you in the delivery of (NAME)? Anyone else? PROBE FOR THE TYPE OF PERSON AND RECORD ALL PERSONS MENTIONED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/ MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D RELATIVE E OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ F NO ONE G No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Doctor gave delivery care (sixth to last birth) Doctor gave delivery care (sixth to last birth) Doctor gave delivery care (sixth to last birth) Doctor gave delivery care (sixth to last birth) Doctor gave delivery care (sixth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Nurse/midwife gave delivery care Nurse/midwife gave delivery care Nurse/midwife gave delivery care Nurse/midwife gave delivery care Nurse/midwife gave delivery care 412) Who assisted you in the delivery of (NAME)? Anyone else? PROBE FOR THE TYPE OF PERSON AND RECORD ALL PERSONS MENTIONED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/ MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D RELATIVE E OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ F NO ONE G 1 DELNURM_ALL available For children born in the three to five years preceding the survey, DELNURM_ALL (M3B_x) indicates whether a nurse or midwife (categories combined or not distinguished) assisted with the child's delivery. DELNURM_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (DELNURM_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., DELNURM_02, DELNURM_03, DELNURM_04, DELNURM_05, and DELNURM_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If DELNURM_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For surveys including this question, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then DELNURM_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. Some samples in the "DEL" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, such as DELNURM_ALL, while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include separate categories for nurse and midwife that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories in this variable. IPUMS Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for last birth Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for last birth Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for last birth Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for last birth Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for last birth 412) Who assisted you in the delivery of (NAME)? Anyone else? PROBE FOR THE TYPE OF PERSON AND RECORD ALL PERSONS MENTIONED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/ MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D RELATIVE E OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ F NO ONE G No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, DELNURM_01 (M3B_1) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported a nurse or midwife (categories combined or not distinguished) gave delivery care (for the last birth). Some samples in the "DEL" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, such as DELNURM_01, while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include separate categories for nurse and midwife that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories in this variable. IPUMS Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for second to last birth Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for second to last birth Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for second to last birth Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for second to last birth Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for second to last birth 412) Who assisted you in the delivery of (NAME)? Anyone else? PROBE FOR THE TYPE OF PERSON AND RECORD ALL PERSONS MENTIONED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/ MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D RELATIVE E OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ F NO ONE G No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for third to last birth Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for third to last birth Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for third to last birth Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for third to last birth Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for third to last birth 412) Who assisted you in the delivery of (NAME)? Anyone else? PROBE FOR THE TYPE OF PERSON AND RECORD ALL PERSONS MENTIONED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/ MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D RELATIVE E OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ F NO ONE G No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for fourth to last birth Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for fourth to last birth Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for fourth to last birth Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for fourth to last birth Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for fourth to last birth 412) Who assisted you in the delivery of (NAME)? Anyone else? PROBE FOR THE TYPE OF PERSON AND RECORD ALL PERSONS MENTIONED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/ MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D RELATIVE E OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ F NO ONE G No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for fifth to last birth Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for fifth to last birth Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for fifth to last birth Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for fifth to last birth Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for fifth to last birth 412) Who assisted you in the delivery of (NAME)? Anyone else? PROBE FOR THE TYPE OF PERSON AND RECORD ALL PERSONS MENTIONED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/ MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D RELATIVE E OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ F NO ONE G No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for sixth to last birth Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for sixth to last birth Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for sixth to last birth Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for sixth to last birth Nurse/midwife gave delivery care for sixth to last birth No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care 412) Who assisted you in the delivery of (NAME)? Anyone else? PROBE FOR THE TYPE OF PERSON AND RECORD ALL PERSONS MENTIONED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/ MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D RELATIVE E OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ F NO ONE G 1 DELTBA_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, DELTBA_ALL (M3G_x) indicates whether a traditional birth attendant gave delivery care. Women could report more than one type of healthcare (or traditional) provider. Wording for this response category varied across samples. See Comparability. DELTBA_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (DELTBA_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., DELTBA_02, DELTBA_03, DELTBA_04, DELTBA_05, and DELTBA_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If DELTBA_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For surveys including this question, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then DELTBA_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for last birth Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for last birth Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for last birth Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for last birth Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for last birth 412) Who assisted you in the delivery of (NAME)? Anyone else? PROBE FOR THE TYPE OF PERSON AND RECORD ALL PERSONS MENTIONED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/ MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D RELATIVE E OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ F NO ONE G No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, DELTBA_01 (M3G_1) indicates whether a traditional birth attendant gave delivery care (for the last birth). Wording for this response category varied across samples. See Comparability. Women could report more than one type of healthcare (or traditional) provider. IPUMS Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for second to last birth Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for second to last birth Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for second to last birth Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for second to last birth Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for second to last birth 412) Who assisted you in the delivery of (NAME)? Anyone else? PROBE FOR THE TYPE OF PERSON AND RECORD ALL PERSONS MENTIONED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/ MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D RELATIVE E OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ F NO ONE G No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for third to last birth Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for third to last birth Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for third to last birth Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for third to last birth Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for third to last birth 412) Who assisted you in the delivery of (NAME)? Anyone else? PROBE FOR THE TYPE OF PERSON AND RECORD ALL PERSONS MENTIONED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/ MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D RELATIVE E OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ F NO ONE G No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for fourth to last birth Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for fourth to last birth Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for fourth to last birth Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for fourth to last birth Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for fourth to last birth 412) Who assisted you in the delivery of (NAME)? Anyone else? PROBE FOR THE TYPE OF PERSON AND RECORD ALL PERSONS MENTIONED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/ MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D RELATIVE E OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ F NO ONE G No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for fifth to last birth Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for fifth to last birth Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for fifth to last birth Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for fifth to last birth Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for fifth to last birth 412) Who assisted you in the delivery of (NAME)? Anyone else? PROBE FOR THE TYPE OF PERSON AND RECORD ALL PERSONS MENTIONED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/ MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D RELATIVE E OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ F NO ONE G No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for sixth to last birth Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for sixth to last birth Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for sixth to last birth Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for sixth to last birth Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for sixth to last birth No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Trained traditional birth attendant gave delivery care Trained traditional birth attendant gave delivery care Trained traditional birth attendant gave delivery care Trained traditional birth attendant gave delivery care Trained traditional birth attendant gave delivery care 412) Who assisted you in the delivery of (NAME)? Anyone else? PROBE FOR THE TYPE OF PERSON AND RECORD ALL PERSONS MENTIONED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/ MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D RELATIVE E OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ F NO ONE G 1 DELTRBA_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, DELTRBA_ALL (M3F_x) indicates whether a trained (traditional) birth attendant gave delivery care. Wording for this category varied across samples. See Comparability. Women could report more than one type of healthcare (or traditional) provider. DELTRBA_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (DELTRBA_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., DELTRBA_02, DELTRBA_03, DELTRBA_04, DELTRBA_05, and DELTRBA_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If DELTRBA_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For surveys including this question, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then DELTRBA_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Trained traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for last birth Trained traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for last birth Trained traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for last birth Trained traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for last birth Trained traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for last birth 412) Who assisted you in the delivery of (NAME)? Anyone else? PROBE FOR THE TYPE OF PERSON AND RECORD ALL PERSONS MENTIONED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/ MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D RELATIVE E OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ F NO ONE G No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, DELTRBA_01 (M3F_1) indicates whether a trained (traditional) birth attendant gave delivery care (for the last birth). Wording for this category varied across samples. See Comparability. Women could report more than one type of healthcare (or traditional) provider. IPUMS Trained traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for second to last birth Trained traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for second to last birth Trained traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for second to last birth Trained traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for second to last birth Trained traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for second to last birth 412) Who assisted you in the delivery of (NAME)? Anyone else? PROBE FOR THE TYPE OF PERSON AND RECORD ALL PERSONS MENTIONED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/ MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D RELATIVE E OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ F NO ONE G No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Trained traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for third to last birth Trained traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for third to last birth Trained traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for third to last birth Trained traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for third to last birth Trained traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for third to last birth 412) Who assisted you in the delivery of (NAME)? Anyone else? PROBE FOR THE TYPE OF PERSON AND RECORD ALL PERSONS MENTIONED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/ MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D RELATIVE E OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ F NO ONE G No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Trained traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for fourth to last birth Trained traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for fourth to last birth Trained traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for fourth to last birth Trained traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for fourth to last birth Trained traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for fourth to last birth 412) Who assisted you in the delivery of (NAME)? Anyone else? PROBE FOR THE TYPE OF PERSON AND RECORD ALL PERSONS MENTIONED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/ MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D RELATIVE E OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ F NO ONE G No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Trained traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for fifth to last birth Trained traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for fifth to last birth Trained traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for fifth to last birth Trained traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for fifth to last birth Trained traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for fifth to last birth 412) Who assisted you in the delivery of (NAME)? Anyone else? PROBE FOR THE TYPE OF PERSON AND RECORD ALL PERSONS MENTIONED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/ MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D RELATIVE E OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ F NO ONE G No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Trained traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for sixth to last birth Trained traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for sixth to last birth Trained traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for sixth to last birth Trained traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for sixth to last birth Trained traditional birth attendant gave delivery care for sixth to last birth No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Relative gave delivery care Relative gave delivery care Relative gave delivery care Relative gave delivery care Relative gave delivery care 412) Who assisted you in the delivery of (NAME)? Anyone else? PROBE FOR THE TYPE OF PERSON AND RECORD ALL PERSONS MENTIONED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/ MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D RELATIVE E OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ F NO ONE G 1 DELREL_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, DELREL_ALL (M3H_x) indicates whether a relative gave delivery care. Women could report more than one type of healthcare (or traditional) provider. DELREL_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (DELREL_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., DELREL_02, DELREL_03, DELREL_04, DELREL_05, and DELREL_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If DELREL_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For surveys including this question, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then DELREL_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Relative gave delivery care for last birth Relative gave delivery care for last birth Relative gave delivery care for last birth Relative gave delivery care for last birth Relative gave delivery care for last birth 412) Who assisted you in the delivery of (NAME)? Anyone else? PROBE FOR THE TYPE OF PERSON AND RECORD ALL PERSONS MENTIONED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/ MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D RELATIVE E OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ F NO ONE G No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, DELREL_01 (M3H_1) indicates whether a relative gave delivery care (for the last birth). Women could report more than one type of healthcare (or traditional) provider. IPUMS Relative gave delivery care for second to last birth Relative gave delivery care for second to last birth Relative gave delivery care for second to last birth Relative gave delivery care for second to last birth Relative gave delivery care for second to last birth 412) Who assisted you in the delivery of (NAME)? Anyone else? PROBE FOR THE TYPE OF PERSON AND RECORD ALL PERSONS MENTIONED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/ MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D RELATIVE E OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ F NO ONE G No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Relative gave delivery care for third to last birth Relative gave delivery care for third to last birth Relative gave delivery care for third to last birth Relative gave delivery care for third to last birth Relative gave delivery care for third to last birth 412) Who assisted you in the delivery of (NAME)? Anyone else? PROBE FOR THE TYPE OF PERSON AND RECORD ALL PERSONS MENTIONED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/ MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D RELATIVE E OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ F NO ONE G No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Relative gave delivery care for fourth to last birth Relative gave delivery care for fourth to last birth Relative gave delivery care for fourth to last birth Relative gave delivery care for fourth to last birth Relative gave delivery care for fourth to last birth 412) Who assisted you in the delivery of (NAME)? Anyone else? PROBE FOR THE TYPE OF PERSON AND RECORD ALL PERSONS MENTIONED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/ MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D RELATIVE E OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ F NO ONE G No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Relative gave delivery care for fifth to last birth Relative gave delivery care for fifth to last birth Relative gave delivery care for fifth to last birth Relative gave delivery care for fifth to last birth Relative gave delivery care for fifth to last birth 412) Who assisted you in the delivery of (NAME)? Anyone else? PROBE FOR THE TYPE OF PERSON AND RECORD ALL PERSONS MENTIONED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/ MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D RELATIVE E OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ F NO ONE G No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Relative gave delivery care for sixth to last birth Relative gave delivery care for sixth to last birth Relative gave delivery care for sixth to last birth Relative gave delivery care for sixth to last birth Relative gave delivery care for sixth to last birth No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Other person gave delivery care Other person gave delivery care Other person gave delivery care Other person gave delivery care Other person gave delivery care 412) Who assisted you in the delivery of (NAME)? Anyone else? PROBE FOR THE TYPE OF PERSON AND RECORD ALL PERSONS MENTIONED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/ MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D RELATIVE E OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ F NO ONE G 1 DELOTH_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, DELOTH_ALL (M3K_x) indicates whether some other person gave delivery care. The meaning of "other" must be interpreted relative to the specific categories included in a given sample. Women could report more than one type of healthcare (or traditional) provider. DELOTH_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (DELOTH_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., DELOTH_02, DELOTH_03, DELOTH_04, DELOTH_05, and DELOTH_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If DELOTH_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For surveys including this question, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then DELOTH_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Other person gave delivery care for last birth Other person gave delivery care for last birth Other person gave delivery care for last birth Other person gave delivery care for last birth Other person gave delivery care for last birth 412) Who assisted you in the delivery of (NAME)? Anyone else? PROBE FOR THE TYPE OF PERSON AND RECORD ALL PERSONS MENTIONED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/ MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D RELATIVE E OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ F NO ONE G No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, DELOTH_01 (M3K_1) indicates whether some other person gave delivery care (for the last birth). The meaning of "other" must be interpreted relative to the specific categories included in a given sample. Women could report more than one type of healthcare (or traditional) provider. IPUMS Other person gave delivery care for second to last birth Other person gave delivery care for second to last birth Other person gave delivery care for second to last birth Other person gave delivery care for second to last birth Other person gave delivery care for second to last birth 412) Who assisted you in the delivery of (NAME)? Anyone else? PROBE FOR THE TYPE OF PERSON AND RECORD ALL PERSONS MENTIONED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/ MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D RELATIVE E OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ F NO ONE G No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Other person gave delivery care for third to last birth Other person gave delivery care for third to last birth Other person gave delivery care for third to last birth Other person gave delivery care for third to last birth Other person gave delivery care for third to last birth 412) Who assisted you in the delivery of (NAME)? Anyone else? PROBE FOR THE TYPE OF PERSON AND RECORD ALL PERSONS MENTIONED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/ MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D RELATIVE E OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ F NO ONE G No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Other person gave delivery care for fourth to last birth Other person gave delivery care for fourth to last birth Other person gave delivery care for fourth to last birth Other person gave delivery care for fourth to last birth Other person gave delivery care for fourth to last birth 412) Who assisted you in the delivery of (NAME)? Anyone else? PROBE FOR THE TYPE OF PERSON AND RECORD ALL PERSONS MENTIONED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/ MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D RELATIVE E OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ F NO ONE G No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Other person gave delivery care for fifth to last birth Other person gave delivery care for fifth to last birth Other person gave delivery care for fifth to last birth Other person gave delivery care for fifth to last birth Other person gave delivery care for fifth to last birth 412) Who assisted you in the delivery of (NAME)? Anyone else? PROBE FOR THE TYPE OF PERSON AND RECORD ALL PERSONS MENTIONED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/ MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D RELATIVE E OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ F NO ONE G No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Other person gave delivery care for sixth to last birth Other person gave delivery care for sixth to last birth Other person gave delivery care for sixth to last birth Other person gave delivery care for sixth to last birth Other person gave delivery care for sixth to last birth No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS No one gave delivery care No one gave delivery care No one gave delivery care No one gave delivery care No one gave delivery care 412) Who assisted you in the delivery of (NAME)? Anyone else? PROBE FOR THE TYPE OF PERSON AND RECORD ALL PERSONS MENTIONED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/ MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D RELATIVE E OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ F NO ONE G 1 DELNONE_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, DELNONE_ALL (M3N_x) indicates whether no one assisted with the delivery. DELNONE_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (DELNONE_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., DELNONE_02, DELNONE_03, DELNONE_04, DELNONE_05, and DELNONE_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If DELNONE_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For surveys including this question, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then DELNONE_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS No one gave delivery care (last birth) No one gave delivery care (last birth) No one gave delivery care (last birth) No one gave delivery care (last birth) No one gave delivery care (last birth) 412) Who assisted you in the delivery of (NAME)? Anyone else? PROBE FOR THE TYPE OF PERSON AND RECORD ALL PERSONS MENTIONED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/ MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D RELATIVE E OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ F NO ONE G No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, DELNONE_01 (M3N_1) indicates whether no one assisted with delivery (for the last birth). IPUMS No one gave delivery care (second to last birth) No one gave delivery care (second to last birth) No one gave delivery care (second to last birth) No one gave delivery care (second to last birth) No one gave delivery care (second to last birth) 412) Who assisted you in the delivery of (NAME)? Anyone else? PROBE FOR THE TYPE OF PERSON AND RECORD ALL PERSONS MENTIONED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/ MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D RELATIVE E OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ F NO ONE G No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS No one gave delivery care (third to last birth) No one gave delivery care (third to last birth) No one gave delivery care (third to last birth) No one gave delivery care (third to last birth) No one gave delivery care (third to last birth) 412) Who assisted you in the delivery of (NAME)? Anyone else? PROBE FOR THE TYPE OF PERSON AND RECORD ALL PERSONS MENTIONED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/ MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D RELATIVE E OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ F NO ONE G No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS No one gave delivery care (fourth to last birth) No one gave delivery care (fourth to last birth) No one gave delivery care (fourth to last birth) No one gave delivery care (fourth to last birth) No one gave delivery care (fourth to last birth) 412) Who assisted you in the delivery of (NAME)? Anyone else? PROBE FOR THE TYPE OF PERSON AND RECORD ALL PERSONS MENTIONED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/ MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D RELATIVE E OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ F NO ONE G No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS No one gave delivery care (fifth to last birth) No one gave delivery care (fifth to last birth) No one gave delivery care (fifth to last birth) No one gave delivery care (fifth to last birth) No one gave delivery care (fifth to last birth) 412) Who assisted you in the delivery of (NAME)? Anyone else? PROBE FOR THE TYPE OF PERSON AND RECORD ALL PERSONS MENTIONED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/ MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D RELATIVE E OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ F NO ONE G No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS No one gave delivery care (sixth to last birth) No one gave delivery care (sixth to last birth) No one gave delivery care (sixth to last birth) No one gave delivery care (sixth to last birth) No one gave delivery care (sixth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Last birth caesarean section Last birth caesarean section Last birth caesarean section Last birth caesarean section Last birth caesarean section 414) Was (NAME) delivered by caesarian section? YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the three to five years before the survey, DELCESRLAST (V401) indicates whether the last-born child was delivered by caesarean section. When children or births are the unit of analysis, this variable describes a characteristic of the mother, which causes allchildren of the mother to be coded the same way. Question wording varies slightly across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Delivery by caesarian section Delivery by caesarian section Delivery by caesarian section Delivery by caesarian section Delivery by caesarian section 414) Was (NAME) delivered by caesarian section? YES 1 NO 2 1 DELCESR_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, DELCESR_ALL (M17_x) indicates whether their child was born by caesarian section. Question wording varied somewhat across samples; see Comparability. DELCESR_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (DELCESR_01) up to, potentially, the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., DELCESR_02, DELCESR_03, DELCESR_04, DELCESR_05, and DELCESR_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If DELCESR_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. This information was collected for all births within the reference period preceding the survey. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then DELCESR_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Delivery by caesarian section (last birth) Delivery by caesarian section (last birth) Delivery by caesarian section (last birth) Delivery by caesarian section (last birth) Delivery by caesarian section (last birth) 414) Was (NAME) delivered by caesarian section? YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, DELCESR_01 (M17_1) indicates whether the child was born by caesarian section (for the last birth). Question wording varied somewhat across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Delivery by caesarian section (second to last birth) Delivery by caesarian section (second to last birth) Delivery by caesarian section (second to last birth) Delivery by caesarian section (second to last birth) Delivery by caesarian section (second to last birth) 414) Was (NAME) delivered by caesarian section? YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Delivery by caesarian section (third to last birth) Delivery by caesarian section (third to last birth) Delivery by caesarian section (third to last birth) Delivery by caesarian section (third to last birth) Delivery by caesarian section (third to last birth) 414) Was (NAME) delivered by caesarian section? YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Delivery by caesarian section (fourth to last birth) Delivery by caesarian section (fourth to last birth) Delivery by caesarian section (fourth to last birth) Delivery by caesarian section (fourth to last birth) Delivery by caesarian section (fourth to last birth) 414) Was (NAME) delivered by caesarian section? YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Delivery by caesarian section (fifth to last birth) Delivery by caesarian section (fifth to last birth) Delivery by caesarian section (fifth to last birth) Delivery by caesarian section (fifth to last birth) Delivery by caesarian section (fifth to last birth) 414) Was (NAME) delivered by caesarian section? YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Delivery by caesarian section (sixth to last birth) Delivery by caesarian section (sixth to last birth) Delivery by caesarian section (sixth to last birth) Delivery by caesarian section (sixth to last birth) Delivery by caesarian section (sixth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Place of delivery Place of delivery Place of delivery Place of delivery Place of delivery 411) Where did you give birth to (NAME)? HOME YOUR HOME 11 OTHER HOME 12 PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL 21 MATERNITY WARD 22 DISPENSARY 23 PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE HOSPITAL OR CLINIC 31 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 41 1 DELPL_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, DELPL_ALL (M15_x) reports where she delivered her child. Response categories vary across samples. See Comparability. DELPL_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (DELPL_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., DELPL_02, DELPL_03, DELPL_04, DELPL_05, and DELPL_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If DELPL_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For surveys including this question, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then DELPL_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Place of delivery (last birth) Place of delivery (last birth) Place of delivery (last birth) Place of delivery (last birth) Place of delivery (last birth) 411) Where did you give birth to (NAME)? HOME YOUR HOME 11 OTHER HOME 12 PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL 21 MATERNITY WARD 22 DISPENSARY 23 PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE HOSPITAL OR CLINIC 31 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 41 1000 HOME 1100 Respondent's home 1200 Respondent's parents' home 1300 Nurse/midwife's home 1400 TBA's home 1500 Community/village health worker's home 1900 Other home 2000 PUBLIC SECTOR 2100 Government hospital 2110 Referral/specialty hospital 2120 National/central hospital 2130 Provincial/regional hospital 2140 Urban hospital 2150 District/rural hospital 2151 District hospital 2152 Rural hospital 2160 University hospital 2170 Military hospital 2180 Day hospital 2200 Government health center 2210 Referral health center 2220 Community health center 2230 Urban health center 2240 Rural health center 2250 Integrated health center 2260 Family welfare center 2270 Primary health center 2280 Basic health center 2290 Sub-health center 2300 Government maternal and child health (MCH) center 2400 Government outreach 2410 Government health post 2411 Village health post 2412 Sub-health post 2413 Outreach clinic 2420 Government mobile clinic 2430 Government health worker 2431 Community based distribution (CBD) 2432 Field worker 2433 Community midwife 2500 Government dispensary 2600 Government family planning clinic 2900 Other public sector 2901 Health home 2902 Health station/clinic 2903 Health office 2904 Community clinic 3000 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR 3100 Private hospital/clinic 3110 Private hospital 3111 Referral/specialty hospital 3112 District hospital 3113 Medical college hospital 3120 Private clinic 3121 Clinic 3122 Polyclinic 3200 Private doctor 3300 Private health center 3400 Private nursing/maternity home 3500 Private outreach 3510 Private mobile clinic 3520 Private health worker 3521 Nurse 3530 Private health post 3600 Private family planninc clinic 3700 Private pharmacy/dispensary 3900 Other private medical sector 4000 NGO FACILITY 4100 NGO health facility 4110 Static clinic 4120 Red Cross facility 4130 Marie Stopes 4140 Refugee/NGO hospital 4200 Country-specific NGOs 4201 BLM 4202 CSI 4203 Egyptian family planning association (EFPA) 4900 Other NGO 5000 RELIGIOUS/MISSION 5100 Religious hospital/clinic 5110 Religious hospital 5111 Religious referral/specialty hospital 5112 Religious district hospital 5120 Religious clinic 5200 Religious health center/dispensary 5210 Religious health center 5220 Religious dispensary 5300 Religious health post 5900 Other religious/mission 6000 OTHER 6100 En route to provider 6200 Outside 6300 Abroad 9995 Other 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) See DELPL_ALL. IPUMS Place of delivery (second to last birth) Place of delivery (second to last birth) Place of delivery (second to last birth) Place of delivery (second to last birth) Place of delivery (second to last birth) 411) Where did you give birth to (NAME)? HOME YOUR HOME 11 OTHER HOME 12 PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL 21 MATERNITY WARD 22 DISPENSARY 23 PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE HOSPITAL OR CLINIC 31 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 41 4140 Refugee/NGO hospital 5900 Othre religious/mission 3530 Private health post 4130 Marie Stopes 2432 Field worker 2413 Outreach clinic 2412 Sub-health post 1000 HOME 1100 Respondent's home 1200 Respondent's parents' home 1300 Nurse/midwife's home 1400 TBA's home 1500 Community/village health worker's home 1900 Other home 2000 PUBLIC SECTOR 2100 Government hospital 2110 Referral/specialty hospital 2120 National/central hospital 2130 Provincial/regional hospital 2140 Urban hospital 2150 District/rural hospital 2151 District hospital 2152 Rural hospital 2160 University hospital 2170 Military hospital 2180 Day hospital 2200 Government health center 2210 Referral health center 2220 Community health center 2230 Urban health center 2240 Rural health center 2250 Integrated health center 2260 Family welfare center 2270 Primary health center 2280 Basic health center 2290 Sub-health center 2300 Government maternal and child health (MCH) center 2400 Government outreach 2410 Government health post 2411 Village health post 2420 Government mobile clinic 2430 Government health worker 2431 Community based distribution (CBD) 2500 Government dispensary 2600 Government family planning clinic 2900 Other public sector 2901 Health home 2902 Health station/clinic 2903 Health office 2904 Community clinic 3000 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR 3100 Private hospital/clinic 3110 Private hospital 3111 Referral/specialty hospital 3112 District hospital 3113 Medical college hospital 3120 Private clinic 3121 Clinic 3122 Polyclinic 3200 Private doctor 3300 Private health center 3400 Private nursing/maternity home 3500 Private outreach 3510 Private mobile clinic 3520 Private health worker 3521 Nurse 3600 Private family planninc clinic 3700 Private pharmacy/dispensary 3900 Other private medical sector 4000 NGO FACILITY 4100 NGO health facility 4110 Static clinic 4120 Red Cross facility 4200 Country-specific NGOs 4201 BLM 4202 CSI 4203 Egyptian family planning association (EFPA) 4900 Other NGO 5000 RELIGIOUS/MISSION 5100 Religious hospital/clinic 5110 Religious hospital 5111 Religious referral/specialty hospital 5112 Religious district hospital 5120 Religious clinic 5200 Religious health center/dispensary 5210 Religious health center 5220 Religious dispensary 5300 Religious health post 6000 OTHER 6100 En route to provider 6200 Outside 6300 Abroad 9995 Other 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) 2433 Community midwife IPUMS Place of delivery (third to last birth) Place of delivery (third to last birth) Place of delivery (third to last birth) Place of delivery (third to last birth) Place of delivery (third to last birth) 411) Where did you give birth to (NAME)? HOME YOUR HOME 11 OTHER HOME 12 PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL 21 MATERNITY WARD 22 DISPENSARY 23 PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE HOSPITAL OR CLINIC 31 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 41 4140 Refugee/NGO hospital 2433 Community midwife 5900 Other religious/mission 4130 Marie Stopes 2432 Field worker 2413 Outreach clinic 2412 Sub-health post 1000 HOME 1100 Respondent's home 1200 Respondent's parents' home 1300 Nurse/midwife's home 1400 TBA's home 1500 Community/village health worker's home 1900 Other home 2000 PUBLIC SECTOR 2100 Government hospital 2110 Referral/specialty hospital 2120 National/central hospital 2130 Provincial/regional hospital 2140 Urban hospital 2150 District/rural hospital 2151 District hospital 2152 Rural hospital 2160 University hospital 2170 Military hospital 2180 Day hospital 2200 Government health center 2210 Referral health center 2220 Community health center 2230 Urban health center 2240 Rural health center 2250 Integrated health center 2260 Family welfare center 2270 Primary health center 2280 Basic health center 2290 Sub-health center 2300 Government maternal and child health (MCH) center 2400 Government outreach 2410 Government health post 2411 Village health post 2420 Government mobile clinic 2430 Government health worker 2431 Community based distribution (CBD) 2500 Government dispensary 2600 Government family planning clinic 2900 Other public sector 2901 Health home 2902 Health station/clinic 2903 Health office 2904 Community clinic 3000 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR 3100 Private hospital/clinic 3110 Private hospital 3111 Referral/specialty hospital 3112 District hospital 3113 Medical college hospital 3120 Private clinic 3121 Clinic 3122 Polyclinic 3200 Private doctor 3300 Private health center 3400 Private nursing/maternity home 3500 Private outreach 3510 Private mobile clinic 3520 Private health worker 3521 Nurse 3600 Private family planninc clinic 3700 Private pharmacy/dispensary 3900 Other private medical sector 4000 NGO FACILITY 4100 NGO health facility 4110 Static clinic 4120 Red Cross facility 4200 Country-specific NGOs 4201 BLM 4202 CSI 4203 Egyptian family planning association (EFPA) 4900 Other NGO 5000 RELIGIOUS/MISSION 5100 Religious hospital/clinic 5110 Religious hospital 5111 Religious referral/specialty hospital 5112 Religious district hospital 5120 Religious clinic 5200 Religious health center/dispensary 5210 Religious health center 5220 Religious dispensary 5300 Religious health post 6000 OTHER 6100 En route to provider 6200 Outside 6300 Abroad 9995 Other 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Place of delivery (fourth to last birth) Place of delivery (fourth to last birth) Place of delivery (fourth to last birth) Place of delivery (fourth to last birth) Place of delivery (fourth to last birth) 411) Where did you give birth to (NAME)? HOME YOUR HOME 11 OTHER HOME 12 PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL 21 MATERNITY WARD 22 DISPENSARY 23 PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE HOSPITAL OR CLINIC 31 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 41 4140 Refugee/NGO hospital 2433 Community midwife 5900 Other religious/mission 3530 Private health post 4130 Marie Stopes 2432 Field worker 2413 Outreach clinic 2412 Sub-health post 1000 HOME 1100 Respondent's home 1200 Respondent's parents' home 1300 Nurse/midwife's home 1400 TBA's home 1500 Community/village health worker's home 1900 Other home 2000 PUBLIC SECTOR 2100 Government hospital 2110 Referral/specialty hospital 2120 National/central hospital 2130 Provincial/regional hospital 2140 Urban hospital 2150 District/rural hospital 2151 District hospital 2152 Rural hospital 2160 University hospital 2170 Military hospital 2180 Day hospital 2200 Government health center 2210 Referral health center 2220 Community health center 2230 Urban health center 2240 Rural health center 2250 Integrated health center 2260 Family welfare center 2270 Primary health center 2280 Basic health center 2290 Sub-health center 2300 Government maternal and child health (MCH) center 2400 Government outreach 2410 Government health post 2411 Village health post 2420 Government mobile clinic 2430 Government health worker 2431 Community based distribution (CBD) 2500 Government dispensary 2600 Government family planning clinic 2900 Other public sector 2901 Health home 2902 Health station/clinic 2903 Health office 2904 Community clinic 3000 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR 3100 Private hospital/clinic 3110 Private hospital 3111 Referral/specialty hospital 3112 District hospital 3113 Medical college hospital 3120 Private clinic 3121 Clinic 3122 Polyclinic 3200 Private doctor 3300 Private health center 3400 Private nursing/maternity home 3500 Private outreach 3510 Private mobile clinic 3520 Private health worker 3521 Nurse 3600 Private family planninc clinic 3700 Private pharmacy/dispensary 3900 Other private medical sector 4000 NGO FACILITY 4100 NGO health facility 4110 Static clinic 4120 Red Cross facility 4200 Country-specific NGOs 4201 BLM 4202 CSI 4203 Egyptian family planning association (EFPA) 4900 Other NGO 5000 RELIGIOUS/MISSION 5100 Religious hospital/clinic 5110 Religious hospital 5111 Religious referral/specialty hospital 5112 Religious district hospital 5120 Religious clinic 5200 Religious health center/dispensary 5210 Religious health center 5220 Religious dispensary 5300 Religious health post 6000 OTHER 6100 En route to provider 6200 Outside 6300 Abroad 9995 Other 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Place of delivery (fifth to last birth) Place of delivery (fifth to last birth) Place of delivery (fifth to last birth) Place of delivery (fifth to last birth) Place of delivery (fifth to last birth) 411) Where did you give birth to (NAME)? HOME YOUR HOME 11 OTHER HOME 12 PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL 21 MATERNITY WARD 22 DISPENSARY 23 PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE HOSPITAL OR CLINIC 31 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 41 4140 Refugee/NGO hospital 2433 Community midwife 4130 Marie Stopes 2432 Field worker 2413 Outreach clinic 2412 Sub-health post 1000 HOME 1100 Respondent's home 1200 Respondent's parents' home 1300 Nurse/midwife's home 1400 TBA's home 1500 Community/village health worker's home 1900 Other home 2000 PUBLIC SECTOR 2100 Government hospital 2110 Referral/specialty hospital 2120 National/central hospital 2130 Provincial/regional hospital 2140 Urban hospital 2150 District/rural hospital 2151 District hospital 2152 Rural hospital 2160 University hospital 2170 Military hospital 2180 Day hospital 2200 Government health center 2210 Referral health center 2220 Community health center 2230 Urban health center 2240 Rural health center 2250 Integrated health center 2260 Family welfare center 2270 Primary health center 2280 Basic health center 2290 Sub-health center 2300 Government maternal and child health (MCH) center 2400 Government outreach 2410 Government health post 2411 Village health post 2420 Government mobile clinic 2430 Government health worker 2431 Community based distribution (CBD) 2500 Government dispensary 2600 Government family planning clinic 2900 Other public sector 2901 Health home 2902 Health station/clinic 2903 Health office 2904 Community clinic 3000 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR 3100 Private hospital/clinic 3110 Private hospital 3111 Referral/specialty hospital 3112 District hospital 3113 Medical college hospital 3120 Private clinic 3121 Clinic 3122 Polyclinic 3200 Private doctor 3300 Private health center 3400 Private nursing/maternity home 3500 Private outreach 3510 Private mobile clinic 3520 Private health worker 3521 Nurse 3600 Private family planninc clinic 3700 Private pharmacy/dispensary 3900 Other private medical sector 4000 NGO FACILITY 4100 NGO health facility 4110 Static clinic 4120 Red Cross facility 4200 Country-specific NGOs 4201 BLM 4202 CSI 4203 Egyptian family planning association (EFPA) 4900 Other NGO 5000 RELIGIOUS/MISSION 5100 Religious hospital/clinic 5110 Religious hospital 5111 Religious referral/specialty hospital 5112 Religious district hospital 5120 Religious clinic 5200 Religious health center/dispensary 5210 Religious health center 5220 Religious dispensary 5300 Religious health post 6000 OTHER 6100 En route to provider 6200 Outside 6300 Abroad 9995 Other 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) 3530 Private health post 5900 Other religious/mission IPUMS Place of delivery (sixth to last birth) Place of delivery (sixth to last birth) Place of delivery (sixth to last birth) Place of delivery (sixth to last birth) Place of delivery (sixth to last birth) 4140 Refugee/NGO hospital 2433 Community midwife 4130 Marie Stopes 3530 Private health post 2432 Field worker 2413 Outreach clinic 2412 Sub-health post 1000 HOMES 1100 Respondent's home 1200 Respondent's parents' home 1300 Nurse/midwife's home 1400 TBA's home 1500 Community/village health worker's home 1900 Other home 2000 PUBLIC SECTOR 2100 Government hospital 2110 Referral/specialty hospital 2120 National/central hospital 2130 Provincial/regional hospital 2140 Urban hospital 2150 District/rural hospital 2151 District hospital 2152 Rural hospital 2160 University hospital 2170 Military hospital 2180 Day hospital 2200 Government health center 2210 Referral health center 2220 Community health center 2230 Urban health center 2240 Rural health center 2250 Integrated health center 2260 Family welfare center 2270 Primary health center 2280 Basic health center 2290 Sub-health center 2300 Government maternal and child health (MCH) center 2400 Government outreach 2410 Government health post 2411 Village health post 2420 Government mobile clinic 2430 Government health worker 2431 Community based distribution (CBD) 2500 Government dispensary 2600 Government family planning clinic 2900 Other public sector 2901 Health home 2902 Health station/clinic 2903 Health office 2904 Community clinic 3000 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR 3100 Private hospital/clinic 3110 Private hospital 3111 Referral/specialty hospital 3112 District hospital 3113 Medical college hospital 3120 Private clinic 3121 Clinic 3122 Polyclinic 3200 Private doctor 3300 Private health center 3400 Private nursing/maternity home 3500 Private outreach 3510 Private mobile clinic 3520 Private health worker 3521 Nurse 3600 Private family planninc clinic 3700 Private pharmacy/dispensary 3900 Other private medical sector 4000 NGO FACILITY 4100 NGO health facility 4110 Static clinic 4120 Red Cross facility 4200 Country-specific NGOs 4201 BLM 4202 CSI 4203 Egyptian family planning association (EFPA) 4900 Other NGO 5000 RELIGIOUS/MISSION 5100 Religious hospital/clinic 5110 Religious hospital 5111 Religious referral/specialty hospital 5112 Religious district hospital 5120 Religious clinic 5200 Religious health center/dispensary 5210 Religious health center 5220 Religious dispensary 5300 Religious health post 6000 OTHER 6100 En route to provider 6200 Outside 6300 Abroad 9995 Other 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) 5900 Other religious/mission IPUMS Received prenatal care Received prenatal care Received prenatal care Received prenatal care Received prenatal care 405) When you were pregnant with (NAME), did you see anyone for a consultation about this pregnancy? IF YES: Whom did you see? Anyone else? RECORD ALL PERSONS SEEN. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ E NO ONE F (GO TO 409) 1 ANCARE_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, ANCARE_ALL indicates whether the woman received antenatal care. ANCARE_ALL variables are the inverse of the ANCARENONE_ALL (M2N_X) variables. ANCARE_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (ANCARE_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., ANCARE_02, ANCARE_03, ANCARE_04, ANCARE_05, and ANCARE_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If ANCARE_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. IPUMS Received prenatal care (last birth) Received prenatal care (last birth) Received prenatal care (last birth) Received prenatal care (last birth) Received prenatal care (last birth) 405) When you were pregnant with (NAME), did you see anyone for a consultation about this pregnancy? IF YES: Whom did you see? Anyone else? RECORD ALL PERSONS SEEN. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ E NO ONE F (GO TO 409) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Received prenatal care (second to last birth) Received prenatal care (second to last birth) Received prenatal care (second to last birth) Received prenatal care (second to last birth) Received prenatal care (second to last birth) 405) When you were pregnant with (NAME), did you see anyone for a consultation about this pregnancy? IF YES: Whom did you see? Anyone else? RECORD ALL PERSONS SEEN. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ E NO ONE F (GO TO 409) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Received prenatal care (third to last birth) Received prenatal care (third to last birth) Received prenatal care (third to last birth) Received prenatal care (third to last birth) Received prenatal care (third to last birth) 405) When you were pregnant with (NAME), did you see anyone for a consultation about this pregnancy? IF YES: Whom did you see? Anyone else? RECORD ALL PERSONS SEEN. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ E NO ONE F (GO TO 409) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Received prenatal care (fourth to last birth) Received prenatal care (fourth to last birth) Received prenatal care (fourth to last birth) Received prenatal care (fourth to last birth) Received prenatal care (fourth to last birth) 405) When you were pregnant with (NAME), did you see anyone for a consultation about this pregnancy? IF YES: Whom did you see? Anyone else? RECORD ALL PERSONS SEEN. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ E NO ONE F (GO TO 409) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Received prenatal care (fifth to last birth) Received prenatal care (fifth to last birth) Received prenatal care (fifth to last birth) Received prenatal care (fifth to last birth) Received prenatal care (fifth to last birth) 405) When you were pregnant with (NAME), did you see anyone for a consultation about this pregnancy? IF YES: Whom did you see? Anyone else? RECORD ALL PERSONS SEEN. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ E NO ONE F (GO TO 409) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Received prenatal care (sixth to last birth) Received prenatal care (sixth to last birth) Received prenatal care (sixth to last birth) Received prenatal care (sixth to last birth) Received prenatal care (sixth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Antenatal card for pregnancy Antenatal card for pregnancy Antenatal card for pregnancy Antenatal card for pregnancy Antenatal card for pregnancy 406) Were you given an antenatal card or booklet for this pregnancy? YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 1 ANCARD_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, ANCARD_ALL (M12_x) indicates whether they received an antenatal card for a pregnancy. Those who did not see anyone for antenatal care were assumed to have no antenatal card. ANCARD_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (ANCARD_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., ANCARD_02, ANCARD_03, ANCARD_04, ANCARD_05, and ANCARD_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If ANCARD_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For most surveys, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period; exceptions in which data were collected on only the most recent birth(s) are noted in the comparability section. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then ANCARD_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Antenatal card for pregnancy (last birth) Antenatal card for pregnancy (last birth) Antenatal card for pregnancy (last birth) Antenatal card for pregnancy (last birth) Antenatal card for pregnancy (last birth) 406) Were you given an antenatal card or booklet for this pregnancy? YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, card seen 12 Yes, card not seen 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, ANCARD_01 (M12_1) indicates whether they received an antenatal card (for the last birth). Those who did not see anyone for antenatal care were assumed to have no antenatal card. IPUMS Antenatal card for pregnancy (second to last birth) Antenatal card for pregnancy (second to last birth) Antenatal card for pregnancy (second to last birth) Antenatal card for pregnancy (second to last birth) Antenatal card for pregnancy (second to last birth) 406) Were you given an antenatal card or booklet for this pregnancy? YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, card seen 12 Yes, card not seen 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Antenatal card for pregnancy (third to last birth) Antenatal card for pregnancy (third to last birth) Antenatal card for pregnancy (third to last birth) Antenatal card for pregnancy (third to last birth) Antenatal card for pregnancy (third to last birth) 406) Were you given an antenatal card or booklet for this pregnancy? YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, card seen 12 Yes, card not seen 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Antenatal card for pregnancy (fourth to last birth) Antenatal card for pregnancy (fourth to last birth) Antenatal card for pregnancy (fourth to last birth) Antenatal card for pregnancy (fourth to last birth) Antenatal card for pregnancy (fourth to last birth) 406) Were you given an antenatal card or booklet for this pregnancy? YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, card seen 12 Yes, card not seen 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Antenatal card for pregnancy (fifth to last birth) Antenatal card for pregnancy (fifth to last birth) Antenatal card for pregnancy (fifth to last birth) Antenatal card for pregnancy (fifth to last birth) Antenatal card for pregnancy (fifth to last birth) 406) Were you given an antenatal card or booklet for this pregnancy? YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, card seen 12 Yes, card not seen 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Antenatal card for pregnancy (sixth to last birth) Antenatal card for pregnancy (sixth to last birth) Antenatal card for pregnancy (sixth to last birth) Antenatal card for pregnancy (sixth to last birth) Antenatal card for pregnancy (sixth to last birth) 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, card seen 12 Yes, card not seen 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months 407) How many months pregnant were you when you first saw someone for a consultation concerning this pregnancy? MONTHS: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 1 ANVISMO_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years and saw someone for antenatal care (ANCARE_ALL), ANVISMO_ALL (M13_x) reports the timing of the first antenatal visit, in months from the start of the pregnancy. Women who did not see anyone for antenatal care during the pregnancy are coded 0. ANVISMO_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (ANVISMO_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., ANVISMO_02, ANVISMO_03, ANVISMO_04, ANVISMO_05, and ANVISMO_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If ANVISMO_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For many surveys, particularly those taken after 2000, this information was collected for only the most recent birth (ANVISMO_01) and, in some cases, the second-most-recent birth (ANVISMO_02). Surveys in which the data were collected for only the most recent birth(s) are noted in the comparability section. For other surveys, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period; exceptions in which data were collected on only the most recent birth(s) are noted in the comparability section. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then ANVISMO_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (last birth) Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (last birth) Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (last birth) Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (last birth) Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (last birth) 407) How many months pregnant were you when you first saw someone for a consultation concerning this pregnancy? MONTHS: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 00 Less than 1 month pregnant 01 1 month 02 2 months 03 3 months 04 4 months 05 5 months 06 6 months 07 7 months 08 8 months 09 9 months 10 10 months 11 11 months 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) See ANVISMO_ALL. IPUMS Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (second to last birth) Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (second to last birth) Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (second to last birth) Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (second to last birth) Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (second to last birth) 407) How many months pregnant were you when you first saw someone for a consultation concerning this pregnancy? MONTHS: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 00 Less than 1 month pregnant 01 1 month 02 2 months 03 3 months 04 4 months 05 5 months 06 6 months 07 7 months 08 8 months 09 9 months 10 10 months 11 11 months 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (third to last birth) Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (third to last birth) Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (third to last birth) Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (third to last birth) Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (third to last birth) 407) How many months pregnant were you when you first saw someone for a consultation concerning this pregnancy? MONTHS: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 00 Less than 1 month pregnant 01 1 month 02 2 months 03 3 months 04 4 months 05 5 months 06 6 months 07 7 months 08 8 months 09 9 months 10 10 months 11 11 months 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (fourth to last birth) Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (fourth to last birth) Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (fourth to last birth) Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (fourth to last birth) Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (fourth to last birth) 407) How many months pregnant were you when you first saw someone for a consultation concerning this pregnancy? MONTHS: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 00 Less than 1 month pregnant 01 1 month 02 2 months 03 3 months 04 4 months 05 5 months 06 6 months 07 7 months 08 8 months 09 9 months 10 10 months 11 11 months 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (fifth to last birth) Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (fifth to last birth) Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (fifth to last birth) Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (fifth to last birth) Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (fifth to last birth) 407) How many months pregnant were you when you first saw someone for a consultation concerning this pregnancy? MONTHS: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 00 Less than 1 month pregnant 01 1 month 02 2 months 03 3 months 04 4 months 05 5 months 06 6 months 07 7 months 08 8 months 09 9 months 10 10 months 11 11 months 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (sixth to last birth) Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (sixth to last birth) Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (sixth to last birth) Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (sixth to last birth) Timing of first antenatal visit for the pregnancy: Months (sixth to last birth) 00 Less than 1 month pregnant 01 1 month 02 2 months 03 3 months 04 4 months 05 5 months 06 6 months 07 7 months 08 8 months 09 9 months 10 10 months 11 11 months 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy 408) How many antenatal visits did you have during this pregnancy? NUMBER: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 1 ANVISNO_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, ANVISNO_ALL (M14_x) reports the number of antenatal visits. Women who did not see anyone for antenatal care during the pregnancy are coded 0. ANVISNO_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (ANVISNO_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., ANVISNO_02, ANVISNO_03, ANVISNO_04, ANVISNO_05, and ANVISNO_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If ANVISNO_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For many surveys, particularly those taken after 2000, this information was collected for only the most recent birth (ANVISNO_01) and, in some cases, the second-most-recent birth (ANVISNO_02). Surveys in which the data were collected for only the most recent birth are noted in the comparability section. For other surveys, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period; exceptions in which data were collected on only the most recent birth(s) are noted in the comparability section. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then ANVISNO_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (last birth) 408) How many antenatal visits did you have during this pregnancy? NUMBER: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 90 90 89 89 88 88 87 87 86 86 84 84 85 85 83 83 81 81 82 82 79 79 80 80 78 78 77 77 76 76 74 74 75 75 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) See ANVISNO_ALL. IPUMS Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (second to last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (second to last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (second to last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (second to last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (second to last birth) 408) How many antenatal visits did you have during this pregnancy? NUMBER: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (third to last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (third to last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (third to last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (third to last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (third to last birth) 408) How many antenatal visits did you have during this pregnancy? NUMBER: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (fourth to last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (fourth to last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (fourth to last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (fourth to last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (fourth to last birth) 408) How many antenatal visits did you have during this pregnancy? NUMBER: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (fifth to last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (fifth to last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (fifth to last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (fifth to last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (fifth to last birth) 408) How many antenatal visits did you have during this pregnancy? NUMBER: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (sixth to last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (sixth to last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (sixth to last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (sixth to last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy (sixth to last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Topcoded number of antenatal visits Topcoded number of antenatal visits Topcoded number of antenatal visits Topcoded number of antenatal visits Topcoded number of antenatal visits 408) How many antenatal visits did you have during this pregnancy? NUMBER: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 1 ANVISNOTOP20_ALL available For women who gave birth in the three to five years before the survey, ANVISNOTOP20_ALL reports the number of antenatal visits, topcoded at 20+ visits. Women who did not see anyone for antenatal care during the pregnancy are coded 0. The related variables for ANVISNO_ALL supply the same material without imposing a consistent topcode. ANVISNOTOP20_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (ANVISNOTOP20_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., ANVISNOTOP20_02, ANVISNOTOP20_03, ANVISNOTOP20_04, ANVISNOTOP20_05, and ANVISNOTOP20_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If ANVISNOTOP20_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For many surveys, particularly those taken after 2000, this information was collected for only the most recent birth (ANVISNOTOP20_01) and, in some cases, the second-most-recent birth (ANVISNOTOP20_02). Surveys in which the data were collected for only the most recent birth are noted in the comparability section. For other surveys, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period; exceptions in which data were collected on only the most recent birth(s) are noted in the comparability section. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then ANVISNOTOP20_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy, topcoded at 20 (last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy, topcoded at 20 (last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy, topcoded at 20 (last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy, topcoded at 20 (last birth) Number of antenatal visits during the pregnancy, topcoded at 20 (last birth) 408) How many antenatal visits did you have during this pregnancy? NUMBER: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) See ANVISNOTOP20_ALL. IPUMS Topcoded number of antenatal visits (second to last birth) Topcoded number of antenatal visits (second to last birth) Topcoded number of antenatal visits (second to last birth) Topcoded number of antenatal visits (second to last birth) Topcoded number of antenatal visits (second to last birth) 408) How many antenatal visits did you have during this pregnancy? NUMBER: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Topcoded number of antenatal visits (third to last birth) Topcoded number of antenatal visits (third to last birth) Topcoded number of antenatal visits (third to last birth) Topcoded number of antenatal visits (third to last birth) Topcoded number of antenatal visits (third to last birth) 408) How many antenatal visits did you have during this pregnancy? NUMBER: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Topcoded number of antenatal visits (fourth to last birth) Topcoded number of antenatal visits (fourth to last birth) Topcoded number of antenatal visits (fourth to last birth) Topcoded number of antenatal visits (fourth to last birth) Topcoded number of antenatal visits (fourth to last birth) 408) How many antenatal visits did you have during this pregnancy? NUMBER: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Topcoded number of antenatal visits (fifth to last birth) Topcoded number of antenatal visits (fifth to last birth) Topcoded number of antenatal visits (fifth to last birth) Topcoded number of antenatal visits (fifth to last birth) Topcoded number of antenatal visits (fifth to last birth) 408) How many antenatal visits did you have during this pregnancy? NUMBER: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Topcoded number of antenatal visits (sixth to last birth) Topcoded number of antenatal visits (sixth to last birth) Topcoded number of antenatal visits (sixth to last birth) Topcoded number of antenatal visits (sixth to last birth) Topcoded number of antenatal visits (sixth to last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Doctor gave prenatal care Doctor gave prenatal care Doctor gave prenatal care Doctor gave prenatal care Doctor gave prenatal care 405) When you were pregnant with (NAME), did you see anyone for a consultation about this pregnancy? IF YES: Whom did you see? Anyone else? RECORD ALL PERSONS SEEN. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ E NO ONE F (GO TO 409) 1 ANCAREDOC_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, ANCAREDOC_ALL (M2A_x) indicates whether a doctor gave antenatal care. Women could report more than one type of healthcare (or traditional) provider. ANCAREDOC_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (ANCAREDOC_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., ANCAREDOC_02, ANCAREDOC_03, ANCAREDOC_04, ANCAREDOC_05, and ANCAREDOC_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If ANCAREDOC_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For many surveys, particularly those taken after 2000, this information on prenatal care from a doctor was collected for only the most recent birth (ANCAREDOC_01) and, in some cases, the second-most-recent birth (ANCAREDOC_02). Surveys in which the data were collected for only the most recent births are noted in the comparability section. For other surveys, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period; exceptions in which data were collected on only the most recent birth(s) are noted in the comparability section. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then ANCAREDOC_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Doctor gave prenatal care (last birth) Doctor gave prenatal care (last birth) Doctor gave prenatal care (last birth) Doctor gave prenatal care (last birth) Doctor gave prenatal care (last birth) 405) When you were pregnant with (NAME), did you see anyone for a consultation about this pregnancy? IF YES: Whom did you see? Anyone else? RECORD ALL PERSONS SEEN. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ E NO ONE F (GO TO 409) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, ANCAREDOC_01 (M2A_1) indicates whether a doctor gave antenatal care (for the last birth). Women could report more than one type of healthcare (or traditional) provider. IPUMS Doctor gave prenatal care (second to last birth) Doctor gave prenatal care (second to last birth) Doctor gave prenatal care (second to last birth) Doctor gave prenatal care (second to last birth) Doctor gave prenatal care (second to last birth) 405) When you were pregnant with (NAME), did you see anyone for a consultation about this pregnancy? IF YES: Whom did you see? Anyone else? RECORD ALL PERSONS SEEN. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ E NO ONE F (GO TO 409) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Doctor gave prenatal care (third to last birth) Doctor gave prenatal care (third to last birth) Doctor gave prenatal care (third to last birth) Doctor gave prenatal care (third to last birth) Doctor gave prenatal care (third to last birth) 405) When you were pregnant with (NAME), did you see anyone for a consultation about this pregnancy? IF YES: Whom did you see? Anyone else? RECORD ALL PERSONS SEEN. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ E NO ONE F (GO TO 409) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Doctor gave prenatal care (fourth to last birth) Doctor gave prenatal care (fourth to last birth) Doctor gave prenatal care (fourth to last birth) Doctor gave prenatal care (fourth to last birth) Doctor gave prenatal care (fourth to last birth) 405) When you were pregnant with (NAME), did you see anyone for a consultation about this pregnancy? IF YES: Whom did you see? Anyone else? RECORD ALL PERSONS SEEN. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ E NO ONE F (GO TO 409) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Doctor gave prenatal care (fifth to last birth) Doctor gave prenatal care (fifth to last birth) Doctor gave prenatal care (fifth to last birth) Doctor gave prenatal care (fifth to last birth) Doctor gave prenatal care (fifth to last birth) 405) When you were pregnant with (NAME), did you see anyone for a consultation about this pregnancy? IF YES: Whom did you see? Anyone else? RECORD ALL PERSONS SEEN. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ E NO ONE F (GO TO 409) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Doctor gave prenatal care (sixth to last birth) Doctor gave prenatal care (sixth to last birth) Doctor gave prenatal care (sixth to last birth) Doctor gave prenatal care (sixth to last birth) Doctor gave prenatal care (sixth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care 405) When you were pregnant with (NAME), did you see anyone for a consultation about this pregnancy? IF YES: Whom did you see? Anyone else? RECORD ALL PERSONS SEEN. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ E NO ONE F (GO TO 409) 1 ANCARENURM_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, ANCARENURM_ALL (M2B_x) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported that a nurse or midwife (categories combined or not distinguished) gave antenatal care. ANCARENURM_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (ANCARENURM_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., ANCARENURM_02, ANCARENURM_03, ANCARENURM_04, ANCARENURM_05, and ANCARENURM_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If ANCARENURM_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For many surveys, particularly those taken after 2000, this information was collected for only the most recent birth (ANCARENURM_01) and, in a few cases, the second-most-recent birth (ANCARENURM_02). Surveys in which the data were collected for only the most recent births are noted in the comparability section. For other surveys, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period; exceptions in which data were collected on only the most recent birth(s) are noted in the comparability section. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then ANCARENURM_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. Some samples in the "ANCARE" series, such as ANCARENURM_ALL, include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include separate response categories for nurse and midwife that could be combined to create the more comprehensive response category in ANCARENURM_ALL. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories included in this variable for relevant samples. IPUMS Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (last birth) Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (last birth) Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (last birth) Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (last birth) Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (last birth) 405) When you were pregnant with (NAME), did you see anyone for a consultation about this pregnancy? IF YES: Whom did you see? Anyone else? RECORD ALL PERSONS SEEN. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ E NO ONE F (GO TO 409) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, ANCARENURM_01 (M2B_1) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, they reported that a nurse or midwife (categories combined or not distinguished) gave antenatal care (for the last birth). Some samples in the "ANCARE" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include separate response categories for nurse and midwife that could be combined to create the more comprehensive response category in ANCARENURM. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories included in this variable for relevant samples. IPUMS Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (second to last birth) Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (second to last birth) Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (second to last birth) Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (second to last birth) Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (second to last birth) 405) When you were pregnant with (NAME), did you see anyone for a consultation about this pregnancy? IF YES: Whom did you see? Anyone else? RECORD ALL PERSONS SEEN. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ E NO ONE F (GO TO 409) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (don't know) IPUMS Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (third to last birth) Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (third to last birth) Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (third to last birth) Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (third to last birth) Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (third to last birth) 405) When you were pregnant with (NAME), did you see anyone for a consultation about this pregnancy? IF YES: Whom did you see? Anyone else? RECORD ALL PERSONS SEEN. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ E NO ONE F (GO TO 409) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (don't know) IPUMS Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (fourth to last birth) Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (fourth to last birth) Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (fourth to last birth) Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (fourth to last birth) Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (fourth to last birth) 405) When you were pregnant with (NAME), did you see anyone for a consultation about this pregnancy? IF YES: Whom did you see? Anyone else? RECORD ALL PERSONS SEEN. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ E NO ONE F (GO TO 409) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (don't know) IPUMS Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (fifth to last birth) Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (fifth to last birth) Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (fifth to last birth) Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (fifth to last birth) Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (fifth to last birth) 405) When you were pregnant with (NAME), did you see anyone for a consultation about this pregnancy? IF YES: Whom did you see? Anyone else? RECORD ALL PERSONS SEEN. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ E NO ONE F (GO TO 409) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (don't know) IPUMS Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (sixth to last birth) Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (sixth to last birth) Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (sixth to last birth) Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (sixth to last birth) Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care (sixth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (don't know) IPUMS Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care 405) When you were pregnant with (NAME), did you see anyone for a consultation about this pregnancy? IF YES: Whom did you see? Anyone else? RECORD ALL PERSONS SEEN. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ E NO ONE F (GO TO 409) 1 ANCARETBA_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, ANCARETBA_ALL (M2G_x) indicates whether a traditional birth attendant gave antenatal care. Women could report more than one type of healthcare (or traditional) provider. ANCARETBA_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (ANCARETBA_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., ANCARETBA_02, ANCARETBA_03, ANCARETBA_04, ANCARETBA_05, and ANCARETBA_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If ANCARETBA_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For many surveys, particularly those taken after 2000, this information on prenatal care from a traditional birth attendant was collected for only the most recent birth (ANCARETBA_01) and, in some cases, the second-most-recent birth (ANCARETBA_02). Surveys in which the data were collected for only the most recent births are noted in the comparability section. For other surveys, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period; exceptions in which data were collected on only the most recent birth(s) are noted in the comparability section. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then ANCARETBA_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (last birth) Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (last birth) Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (last birth) Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (last birth) Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (last birth) 405) When you were pregnant with (NAME), did you see anyone for a consultation about this pregnancy? IF YES: Whom did you see? Anyone else? RECORD ALL PERSONS SEEN. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ E NO ONE F (GO TO 409) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, ANCARETBA_01 (M2G_1) indicates whether a traditional birth attendant gave antenatal care (for the last birth). Wording for this response category varied across samples. See Comparability. Women could report more than one type of healthcare (or traditional) provider. IPUMS Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (second to last birth) Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (second to last birth) Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (second to last birth) Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (second to last birth) Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (second to last birth) 405) When you were pregnant with (NAME), did you see anyone for a consultation about this pregnancy? IF YES: Whom did you see? Anyone else? RECORD ALL PERSONS SEEN. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ E NO ONE F (GO TO 409) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (third to last birth) Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (third to last birth) Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (third to last birth) Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (third to last birth) Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (third to last birth) 405) When you were pregnant with (NAME), did you see anyone for a consultation about this pregnancy? IF YES: Whom did you see? Anyone else? RECORD ALL PERSONS SEEN. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ E NO ONE F (GO TO 409) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (fourth to last birth) Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (fourth to last birth) Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (fourth to last birth) Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (fourth to last birth) Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (fourth to last birth) 405) When you were pregnant with (NAME), did you see anyone for a consultation about this pregnancy? IF YES: Whom did you see? Anyone else? RECORD ALL PERSONS SEEN. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ E NO ONE F (GO TO 409) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (fifth to last birth) Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (fifth to last birth) Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (fifth to last birth) Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (fifth to last birth) Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (fifth to last birth) 405) When you were pregnant with (NAME), did you see anyone for a consultation about this pregnancy? IF YES: Whom did you see? Anyone else? RECORD ALL PERSONS SEEN. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ E NO ONE F (GO TO 409) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (sixth to last birth) Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (sixth to last birth) Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (sixth to last birth) Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (sixth to last birth) Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (sixth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Trained traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care Trained traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care Trained traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care Trained traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care Trained traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care 405) When you were pregnant with (NAME), did you see anyone for a consultation about this pregnancy? IF YES: Whom did you see? Anyone else? RECORD ALL PERSONS SEEN. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ E NO ONE F (GO TO 409) 1 ANCARETRBA_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, ANCARETRBA_ALL (M2F_x) indicates whether a trained traditional birth attendant gave antenatal care for the birth. Women could report more than one type of healthcare (or traditional) provider. ANCARETRBA_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (ANCARETRBA_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., ANCARETRBA_02, ANCARETRBA_03, ANCARETRBA_04, ANCARETRBA_05, and ANCARETRBA_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If ANCARETRBA_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For many surveys, particularly those taken after 2000, this information was collected for only the most recent birth (ANCARETRBA_01). Surveys in which the data were collected for only the most recent birth are noted in the comparability section. For other surveys, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period; exceptions in which data were collected on only the most recent birth(s) are noted in the comparability section. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then ANCARETRBA_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Trained traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (last birth) Trained traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (last birth) Trained traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (last birth) Trained traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (last birth) Trained traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (last birth) 405) When you were pregnant with (NAME), did you see anyone for a consultation about this pregnancy? IF YES: Whom did you see? Anyone else? RECORD ALL PERSONS SEEN. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ E NO ONE F (GO TO 409) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, ANCARETRBA_01 (M2F_1) indicates whether a trained (traditional) birth attendant gave antenatal care (for the last birth). Wording for this category varied across samples. See Comparability. Women could report more than one type of healthcare (or traditional) provider. IPUMS Trained traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (second to last birth) Trained traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (second to last birth) Trained traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (second to last birth) Trained traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (second to last birth) Trained traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (second to last birth) 405) When you were pregnant with (NAME), did you see anyone for a consultation about this pregnancy? IF YES: Whom did you see? Anyone else? RECORD ALL PERSONS SEEN. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ E NO ONE F (GO TO 409) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Trained traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (third to last birth) Trained traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (third to last birth) Trained traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (third to last birth) Trained traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (third to last birth) Trained traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (third to last birth) 405) When you were pregnant with (NAME), did you see anyone for a consultation about this pregnancy? IF YES: Whom did you see? Anyone else? RECORD ALL PERSONS SEEN. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ E NO ONE F (GO TO 409) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Trained traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (fourth to last birth) Trained traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (fourth to last birth) Trained traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (fourth to last birth) Trained traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (fourth to last birth) Trained traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (fourth to last birth) 405) When you were pregnant with (NAME), did you see anyone for a consultation about this pregnancy? IF YES: Whom did you see? Anyone else? RECORD ALL PERSONS SEEN. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ E NO ONE F (GO TO 409) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Trained traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (fifth to last birth) Trained traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (fifth to last birth) Trained traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (fifth to last birth) Trained traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (fifth to last birth) Trained traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (fifth to last birth) 405) When you were pregnant with (NAME), did you see anyone for a consultation about this pregnancy? IF YES: Whom did you see? Anyone else? RECORD ALL PERSONS SEEN. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ E NO ONE F (GO TO 409) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Trained traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (sixth to last birth) Trained traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (sixth to last birth) Trained traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (sixth to last birth) Trained traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (sixth to last birth) Trained traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care (sixth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Other person gave prenatal care Other person gave prenatal care Other person gave prenatal care Other person gave prenatal care Other person gave prenatal care 405) When you were pregnant with (NAME), did you see anyone for a consultation about this pregnancy? IF YES: Whom did you see? Anyone else? RECORD ALL PERSONS SEEN. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ E NO ONE F (GO TO 409) 1 ANCAREOTH_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, ANCAREOTH_ALL (M2K_x) indicates whether some other type of person gave antenatal care. The meaning of "other" depends on the types of providers of antenatal care specified in a given survey. Women could report more than one type of healthcare (or traditional) provider. ANCAREOTH_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (ANCAREOTH_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., ANCAREOTH_02, ANCAREOTH_03, ANCAREOTH_04, ANCAREOTH_05, and ANCAREOTH_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If ANCAREOTH_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For many surveys, particularly those taken after 2000, this information on prenatal care from some other person was collected for only the most recent birth (ANCAREOTH_01) and, in some cases, the second-most-recent birth (ANCAREOTH_02). Surveys in which the data were collected for only the most recent births are noted in the comparability section. For other surveys, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period; exceptions in which data were collected on only the most recent birth(s) are noted in the comparability section. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then ANCAREOTH_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Other person gave prenatal care (last birth) Other person gave prenatal care (last birth) Other person gave prenatal care (last birth) Other person gave prenatal care (last birth) Other person gave prenatal care (last birth) 405) When you were pregnant with (NAME), did you see anyone for a consultation about this pregnancy? IF YES: Whom did you see? Anyone else? RECORD ALL PERSONS SEEN. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ E NO ONE F (GO TO 409) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, ANCAREOTH_01 (M2K_1) indicates whether some other person gave antenatal care (for the last birth). The meaning of "other" must be interpreted relative to the specific categories included in a given sample. Women could report more than one type of healthcare (or traditional) provider. IPUMS Other person gave prenatal care (second to last birth) Other person gave prenatal care (second to last birth) Other person gave prenatal care (second to last birth) Other person gave prenatal care (second to last birth) Other person gave prenatal care (second to last birth) 405) When you were pregnant with (NAME), did you see anyone for a consultation about this pregnancy? IF YES: Whom did you see? Anyone else? RECORD ALL PERSONS SEEN. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ E NO ONE F (GO TO 409) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Other person gave prenatal care (third to last birth) Other person gave prenatal care (third to last birth) Other person gave prenatal care (third to last birth) Other person gave prenatal care (third to last birth) Other person gave prenatal care (third to last birth) 405) When you were pregnant with (NAME), did you see anyone for a consultation about this pregnancy? IF YES: Whom did you see? Anyone else? RECORD ALL PERSONS SEEN. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ E NO ONE F (GO TO 409) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Other person gave prenatal care (fourth to last birth) Other person gave prenatal care (fourth to last birth) Other person gave prenatal care (fourth to last birth) Other person gave prenatal care (fourth to last birth) Other person gave prenatal care (fourth to last birth) 405) When you were pregnant with (NAME), did you see anyone for a consultation about this pregnancy? IF YES: Whom did you see? Anyone else? RECORD ALL PERSONS SEEN. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ E NO ONE F (GO TO 409) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Other person gave prenatal care (fifth to last birth) Other person gave prenatal care (fifth to last birth) Other person gave prenatal care (fifth to last birth) Other person gave prenatal care (fifth to last birth) Other person gave prenatal care (fifth to last birth) 405) When you were pregnant with (NAME), did you see anyone for a consultation about this pregnancy? IF YES: Whom did you see? Anyone else? RECORD ALL PERSONS SEEN. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ E NO ONE F (GO TO 409) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Other person gave prenatal care (sixth to last birth) Other person gave prenatal care (sixth to last birth) Other person gave prenatal care (sixth to last birth) Other person gave prenatal care (sixth to last birth) Other person gave prenatal care (sixth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Received no prenatal care Received no prenatal care Received no prenatal care Received no prenatal care Received no prenatal care 405) When you were pregnant with (NAME), did you see anyone for a consultation about this pregnancy? IF YES: Whom did you see? Anyone else? RECORD ALL PERSONS SEEN. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ E NO ONE F (GO TO 409) 1 ANCARENONE_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, ANCARENONE_ALL (M2N_x) indicates whether no one gave antenatal care. The structure of the question varied across samples. See Comparability. ANCARENONE_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (ANCARENONE_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., ANCARENONE_02, ANCARENONE_03, ANCARENONE_04, ANCARENONE_05, and ANCAaRENONE_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If ANCARENONE_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For many surveys, particularly those taken after 2000, this information was collected for only the most recent birth (ANCARENONE_01) and, in some cases, the second-most-recent birth (ANCARENONE_02). Surveys in which the data were collected for only the most recent birth are noted in the comparability section. For other surveys, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period; exceptions in which data were collected on only the most recent birth(s) are noted in the comparability section. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then ANCARENONE_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Received no prenatal care (last birth) Received no prenatal care (last birth) Received no prenatal care (last birth) Received no prenatal care (last birth) Received no prenatal care (last birth) 405) When you were pregnant with (NAME), did you see anyone for a consultation about this pregnancy? IF YES: Whom did you see? Anyone else? RECORD ALL PERSONS SEEN. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ E NO ONE F (GO TO 409) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, ANCARENONE_01 (M2N_1) indicates whether no one gave antenatal care (for the last birth). The structure of the question varied across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Received no prenatal care (second to last birth) Received no prenatal care (second to last birth) Received no prenatal care (second to last birth) Received no prenatal care (second to last birth) Received no prenatal care (second to last birth) 405) When you were pregnant with (NAME), did you see anyone for a consultation about this pregnancy? IF YES: Whom did you see? Anyone else? RECORD ALL PERSONS SEEN. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ E NO ONE F (GO TO 409) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Received no prenatal care (third to last birth) Received no prenatal care (third to last birth) Received no prenatal care (third to last birth) Received no prenatal care (third to last birth) Received no prenatal care (third to last birth) 405) When you were pregnant with (NAME), did you see anyone for a consultation about this pregnancy? IF YES: Whom did you see? Anyone else? RECORD ALL PERSONS SEEN. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ E NO ONE F (GO TO 409) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Received no prenatal care (fourth to last birth) Received no prenatal care (fourth to last birth) Received no prenatal care (fourth to last birth) Received no prenatal care (fourth to last birth) Received no prenatal care (fourth to last birth) 405) When you were pregnant with (NAME), did you see anyone for a consultation about this pregnancy? IF YES: Whom did you see? Anyone else? RECORD ALL PERSONS SEEN. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ E NO ONE F (GO TO 409) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Received no prenatal care (fifth to last birth) Received no prenatal care (fifth to last birth) Received no prenatal care (fifth to last birth) Received no prenatal care (fifth to last birth) Received no prenatal care (fifth to last birth) 405) When you were pregnant with (NAME), did you see anyone for a consultation about this pregnancy? IF YES: Whom did you see? Anyone else? RECORD ALL PERSONS SEEN. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ E NO ONE F (GO TO 409) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Received no prenatal care (sixth to last birth) Received no prenatal care (sixth to last birth) Received no prenatal care (sixth to last birth) Received no prenatal care (sixth to last birth) Received no prenatal care (sixth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Tetanus injection before birth Tetanus injection before birth Tetanus injection before birth Tetanus injection before birth Tetanus injection before birth 410) How many times did you get this injection? NUMBER: ___ DON'T KNOW 8 1 ANTETNUS_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, ANTETNUS_ALL indicates whether tetanus (toxicoid) injections were given during the pregnancy to avoid convulsions after birth. ANTETNUS_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (ANTETNUS_01) up to, potentially, the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., ANTETNUS_02, ANTETNUS_03, ANTETNUS_04, ANTETNUS_05, and ANTETNUS_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If ANTETNUS_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For many surveys, particularly those taken after 2000, this information on receipt of tetanus injections during pregnancy was collected for only the most recent birth (ANTETNUS_01) and, in some cases, the second-most-recent birth (ANTETNUS_02). Surveys in which the data were collected for only the most recent births are noted in the comparability section. For other surveys, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period; exceptions in which data were collected on only the most recent birth(s) are noted in the comparability section. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then ANTETNUS_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Tetanus injection before birth (last birth) Tetanus injection before birth (last birth) Tetanus injection before birth (last birth) Tetanus injection before birth (last birth) Tetanus injection before birth (last birth) 410) How many times did you get this injection? NUMBER: ___ DON'T KNOW 8 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, ANTETNUS_01 indicates whether tetanus (toxicoid) injections were given during the pregnancy to avoid convulsions after birth (for the last birth). IPUMS Tetanus injection before birth (second to last birth) Tetanus injection before birth (second to last birth) Tetanus injection before birth (second to last birth) Tetanus injection before birth (second to last birth) Tetanus injection before birth (second to last birth) 410) How many times did you get this injection? NUMBER: ___ DON'T KNOW 8 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Tetanus injection before birth (third to last birth) Tetanus injection before birth (third to last birth) Tetanus injection before birth (third to last birth) Tetanus injection before birth (third to last birth) Tetanus injection before birth (third to last birth) 410) How many times did you get this injection? NUMBER: ___ DON'T KNOW 8 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Tetanus injection before birth (fourth to last birth) Tetanus injection before birth (fourth to last birth) Tetanus injection before birth (fourth to last birth) Tetanus injection before birth (fourth to last birth) Tetanus injection before birth (fourth to last birth) 410) How many times did you get this injection? NUMBER: ___ DON'T KNOW 8 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Tetanus injection before birth (fifth to last birth) Tetanus injection before birth (fifth to last birth) Tetanus injection before birth (fifth to last birth) Tetanus injection before birth (fifth to last birth) Tetanus injection before birth (fifth to last birth) 410) How many times did you get this injection? NUMBER: ___ DON'T KNOW 8 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Tetanus injection before birth (sixth to last birth) Tetanus injection before birth (sixth to last birth) Tetanus injection before birth (sixth to last birth) Tetanus injection before birth (sixth to last birth) Tetanus injection before birth (sixth to last birth) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy 410) How many times did you get this injection? NUMBER: ___ DON'T KNOW 8 1 ANTETNUSNO_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, ANTETNUSNO_ALL (M1_x) indicates whether, and how many, tetanus (toxicoid) injections were given during the pregnancy to avoid convulsions after birth (for the last birth). For a similar variable that only reports whether a tetanus injection was received, see ANTETNUS_ALL. ANTETNUSNO_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (ANTETNUSNO_01) up to, potentially, the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., ANTETNUSNO_02, ANTETNUSNO_03, ANTETNUSNO_04, ANTETNUSNO_05, and ANTETNUSNO_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If ANTETNUSNO_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For many surveys, particularly those taken after 2000, this information was collected for only the most recent birth (ANTETNUSNO_01) and, in some cases, the second-most-recent birth (ANTETNUSNO_02). Surveys in which the data were collected for only the most recent births are noted in the comparability section. For other surveys, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period; exceptions in which data were collected on only the most recent birth(s) are noted in the comparability section. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then ANTETNUSNO_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Number of tetanus injections before birth (last birth) Number of tetanus injections before birth (last birth) Number of tetanus injections before birth (last birth) Number of tetanus injections before birth (last birth) Number of tetanus injections before birth (last birth) 410) How many times did you get this injection? NUMBER: ___ DON'T KNOW 8 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) See ANTETNUSNO_ALL. IPUMS Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy (second to last birth) Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy (second to last birth) Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy (second to last birth) Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy (second to last birth) Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy (second to last birth) 410) How many times did you get this injection? NUMBER: ___ DON'T KNOW 8 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy (third to last birth) Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy (third to last birth) Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy (third to last birth) Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy (third to last birth) Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy (third to last birth) 410) How many times did you get this injection? NUMBER: ___ DON'T KNOW 8 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy (fourth to last birth) Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy (fourth to last birth) Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy (fourth to last birth) Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy (fourth to last birth) Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy (fourth to last birth) 410) How many times did you get this injection? NUMBER: ___ DON'T KNOW 8 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy (fifth to last birth) Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy (fifth to last birth) Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy (fifth to last birth) Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy (fifth to last birth) Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy (fifth to last birth) 410) How many times did you get this injection? NUMBER: ___ DON'T KNOW 8 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy (sixth to last birth) Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy (sixth to last birth) Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy (sixth to last birth) Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy (sixth to last birth) Number of tetanus injections during pregnancy (sixth to last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Woman currently postpartum amenorrheic Woman currently postpartum amenorrheic Woman currently postpartum amenorrheic Woman currently postpartum amenorrheic Woman currently postpartum amenorrheic 418) FOR MOST RECENT BIRTH ONLY: Has your period returned after the birth of (NAME)? YES 1(GO TO 420) NO 2 (GO TO 421) No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) PPAMENNOW (V405) reports whether the woman is currently postpartum amenorrheic. This variable is created from the maternity history by checking if menstruation resumed after birth. Women who are currently pregnant (irrespective of whether the woman's period returned after her last birth) and women who did not have births in the last three to five years are automatically reported as not currently amenorrheic, and coded "No" (code 0). When children or births are the unit of analysis, this variable describes a characteristic of the mother, which causes all children of the mother to be coded the same way. IPUMS Woman currently postpartum abstaining Woman currently postpartum abstaining Woman currently postpartum abstaining Woman currently postpartum abstaining Woman currently postpartum abstaining 422) FOR MOST RECENT BIRTH: Have you resumed sexual relations since the birth of (NAME)? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 424) No 1 Yes PPABSTAINNOW (V406) reports whether the woman is currently postpartum abstaining from sex. This variable is created from the maternity history by checking if the respondent has resumed sexual relations since her last birth. Women who did not have births in the last three to five years are automatically reported as not currently abstaining, and coded "No" (code 0). When children or births are the unit of analysis, this variable describes a characteristic of the mother, which causes all children of the mother to be coded the same way. IPUMS Birth index history number Birth index history number Birth index history number Birth index history number Birth index history number 211) Now I would like to talk to you about your children, whether they are still alive or not, beginning with the first birth that you had. (IN 212 WRITE THE NAME OF EACH CHILD, WRITING THE NAMES OF TWINS OR TRIPLETS ON SEPARATE LINES) 1 BIDX_ALL available BIDX_ALL reports the index number of the child in the mother's birth history, from 1 to n, where the nth birth is the mother's first birth, and 1 is the most recently born child. Up to 20 births could be reported by a woman. After saying "Now I would like to record the names of all your births, whether still alive or not, starting with the first one you had," the interviewer recorded each child's name in turn on successively numbered lines printed in the "Reproduction" section of the individual woman's questionnaire. When women are the unit of analysis, all of their children's characteristics are reported using the index number of the birth history. For example, variables ending with "_01" always refer to the most recent birth. This means that BIDX_01 will always equal "1," BIDX_02 will always equal "2," and so on. Combined with CASEID, BIDX_ALL uniquely identifies births within a sample. Combined with IDHSPID, BIDX_ALL uniquely identifies births across samples. Using these variables, data users can link IPUMS-DHS data to original DHS child-level (KR) and birth-level (BR) datasets. BIDX_ALL consists of a set of twenty separate variables, covering the most recent birth (BIDX_01) up to the twentieth-most-recent birth (BIDX_20) for a female respondent of childbearing age. If BIDX_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. Information for this variable was collected on all births for a woman, up to a maximum of twenty. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to twenty births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 19 or 20 births). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 20 births and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then BIDX_20 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Birth index history number (last-born child) Birth index history number (last-born child) Birth index history number (last-born child) Birth index history number (last-born child) Birth index history number (last-born child) 211) Now I would like to talk to you about your children, whether they are still alive or not, beginning with the first birth that you had. (IN 212 WRITE THE NAME OF EACH CHILD, WRITING THE NAMES OF TWINS OR TRIPLETS ON SEPARATE LINES) 01 1 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Birth index history number (second-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (second-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (second-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (second-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (second-to-last-born child) 211) Now I would like to talk to you about your children, whether they are still alive or not, beginning with the first birth that you had. (IN 212 WRITE THE NAME OF EACH CHILD, WRITING THE NAMES OF TWINS OR TRIPLETS ON SEPARATE LINES) 02 2 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Birth index history number (third-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (third-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (third-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (third-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (third-to-last-born child) 211) Now I would like to talk to you about your children, whether they are still alive or not, beginning with the first birth that you had. (IN 212 WRITE THE NAME OF EACH CHILD, WRITING THE NAMES OF TWINS OR TRIPLETS ON SEPARATE LINES) 03 3 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Birth index history number (fourth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (fourth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (fourth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (fourth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (fourth-to-last-born child) 211) Now I would like to talk to you about your children, whether they are still alive or not, beginning with the first birth that you had. (IN 212 WRITE THE NAME OF EACH CHILD, WRITING THE NAMES OF TWINS OR TRIPLETS ON SEPARATE LINES) 04 4 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Birth index history number (fifth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (fifth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (fifth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (fifth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (fifth-to-last-born child) 211) Now I would like to talk to you about your children, whether they are still alive or not, beginning with the first birth that you had. (IN 212 WRITE THE NAME OF EACH CHILD, WRITING THE NAMES OF TWINS OR TRIPLETS ON SEPARATE LINES) 05 5 99 NIU (not in universe IPUMS Birth index history number (sixth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (sixth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (sixth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (sixth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (sixth-to-last-born child) 211) Now I would like to talk to you about your children, whether they are still alive or not, beginning with the first birth that you had. (IN 212 WRITE THE NAME OF EACH CHILD, WRITING THE NAMES OF TWINS OR TRIPLETS ON SEPARATE LINES) 06 6 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Birth index history number (seventh-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (seventh-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (seventh-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (seventh-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (seventh-to-last-born child) 211) Now I would like to talk to you about your children, whether they are still alive or not, beginning with the first birth that you had. (IN 212 WRITE THE NAME OF EACH CHILD, WRITING THE NAMES OF TWINS OR TRIPLETS ON SEPARATE LINES) 07 7 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Birth index history number (eighth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (eighth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (eighth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (eighth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (eighth-to-last-born child) 211) Now I would like to talk to you about your children, whether they are still alive or not, beginning with the first birth that you had. (IN 212 WRITE THE NAME OF EACH CHILD, WRITING THE NAMES OF TWINS OR TRIPLETS ON SEPARATE LINES) 08 8 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Birth index history number (ninth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (ninth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (ninth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (ninth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (ninth-to-last-born child) 211) Now I would like to talk to you about your children, whether they are still alive or not, beginning with the first birth that you had. (IN 212 WRITE THE NAME OF EACH CHILD, WRITING THE NAMES OF TWINS OR TRIPLETS ON SEPARATE LINES) 09 9 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Birth index history number (tenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (tenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (tenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (tenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (tenth-to-last-born child) 211) Now I would like to talk to you about your children, whether they are still alive or not, beginning with the first birth that you had. (IN 212 WRITE THE NAME OF EACH CHILD, WRITING THE NAMES OF TWINS OR TRIPLETS ON SEPARATE LINES) 10 10 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Birth index history number (eleventh-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (eleventh-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (eleventh-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (eleventh-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (eleventh-to-last-born child) 211) Now I would like to talk to you about your children, whether they are still alive or not, beginning with the first birth that you had. (IN 212 WRITE THE NAME OF EACH CHILD, WRITING THE NAMES OF TWINS OR TRIPLETS ON SEPARATE LINES) 11 11 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Birth index history number (twelfth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (twelfth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (twelfth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (twelfth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (twelfth-to-last-born child) 211) Now I would like to talk to you about your children, whether they are still alive or not, beginning with the first birth that you had. (IN 212 WRITE THE NAME OF EACH CHILD, WRITING THE NAMES OF TWINS OR TRIPLETS ON SEPARATE LINES) 12 12 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Birth index history number (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (thirteenth-to-last-born child) 211) Now I would like to talk to you about your children, whether they are still alive or not, beginning with the first birth that you had. (IN 212 WRITE THE NAME OF EACH CHILD, WRITING THE NAMES OF TWINS OR TRIPLETS ON SEPARATE LINES) 13 13 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Birth index history number (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (fourteenth-to-last-born child) 211) Now I would like to talk to you about your children, whether they are still alive or not, beginning with the first birth that you had. (IN 212 WRITE THE NAME OF EACH CHILD, WRITING THE NAMES OF TWINS OR TRIPLETS ON SEPARATE LINES) 14 14 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Birth index history number (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (fifteenth-to-last-born child) 211) Now I would like to talk to you about your children, whether they are still alive or not, beginning with the first birth that you had. (IN 212 WRITE THE NAME OF EACH CHILD, WRITING THE NAMES OF TWINS OR TRIPLETS ON SEPARATE LINES) 15 15 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Birth index history number (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (sixteenth-to-last-born child) 211) Now I would like to talk to you about your children, whether they are still alive or not, beginning with the first birth that you had. (IN 212 WRITE THE NAME OF EACH CHILD, WRITING THE NAMES OF TWINS OR TRIPLETS ON SEPARATE LINES) 16 16 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Birth index history number (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (seventeenth-to-last-born child) 17 17 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Birth index history number (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (eighteenth-to-last-born child) 18 18 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Birth index history number (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (nineteenth-to-last-born child) 19 19 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Birth index history number (twentieth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (twentieth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (twentieth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (twentieth-to-last-born child) Birth index history number (twentieth-to-last-born child) 20 20 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's birth order number Child's birth order number Child's birth order number Child's birth order number Child's birth order number 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 1 KIDBORD_ALL available KIDBORD_ALL (BORD_x) reports the birth order in which the child was born, from 1 to n, where 1 equals the first child born to a mother, and the nth birth is the most recently born child. Up to 20 births could be reported by a woman. KIDBORD_ALL consists of a set of twenty separate variables, covering the most recent birth (KIDBORD_01) up to the twentieth-most-recent birth (KIDBORD_20) for a female respondent of childbearing age. If KIDBORD_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. Information for this variable was collected on all births for a woman, up to a maximum of twenty births. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to twenty births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 19 or 20 births). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 20 births and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then KIDBORD_20 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Child's birth order number (last-born child) Child's birth order number (last-born child) Child's birth order number (last-born child) Child's birth order number (last-born child) Child's birth order number (last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's birth order number (second-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (second-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (second-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (second-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (second-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's birth order number (third-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (third-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (third-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (third-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (third-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's birth order number (fourth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (fourth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (fourth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (fourth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (fourth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's birth order number (fifth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (fifth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (fifth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (fifth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (fifth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's birth order number (sixth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (sixth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (sixth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (sixth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (sixth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's birth order number (seventh-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (seventh-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (seventh-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (seventh-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (seventh-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's birth order number (eighth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (eighth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (eighth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (eighth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (eighth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's birth order number (ninth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (ninth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (ninth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (ninth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (ninth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's birth order number (tenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (tenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (tenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (tenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (tenth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's birth order number (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (eleventh-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's birth order number (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (twelfth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's birth order number (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (thirteenth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's birth order number (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (fourteenth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's birth order number (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (fifteenth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's birth order number (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (sixteenth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's birth order number (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (seventeenth-to-last-born child) 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's birth order number (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (eighteenth-to-last-born child) 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's birth order number (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (nineteenth-to-last-born child) 01 1 02 2 03 3 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's birth order number (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child's birth order number (twentieth-to-last-born child) 01 1 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is a twin or single birth Child is a twin or single birth Child is a twin or single birth Child is a twin or single birth Child is a twin or single birth 213) When (NAME) was born, was he/she alone or did he/she have a twin? SINGLE 1 MULTIPLE 2 1 KIDTWIN_ALL available KIDTWIN_ALL (B0_x) reports whether the child is a twin (or born in a multiple birth) or is a singleton (single) birth. KIDTWIN_ALL consists of a set of twenty separate variables, covering the most recent birth (KIDTWIN_01) up to the twentieth-most-recent birth (KIDTWIN_20) for a female respondent of childbearing age. If KIDTWIN_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. Information for this variable was collected on all births for a woman, up to a maximum of twenty. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to twenty births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 19 or 20 births). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 20 births and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then KIDTWIN_20 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Child is a twin or single birth (last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (last-born child) 213) When (NAME) was born, was he/she alone or did he/she have a twin? SINGLE 1 MULTIPLE 2 00 Single birth 10 Twin or multiple 11 1st of multiple births 12 2nd of multiple births 13 3rd of multiple births 14 4th of multiple births 15 5th of multiple births 16 6th of multiple births 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is a twin or single birth (second-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (second-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (second-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (second-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (second-to-last-born child) 213) When (NAME) was born, was he/she alone or did he/she have a twin? SINGLE 1 MULTIPLE 2 00 Single birth 10 Twin or multiple 11 1st of multiple births 12 2nd of multiple births 13 3rd of multiple births 14 4th of multiple births 15 5th of multiple births 16 6th of multiple births 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is a twin or single birth (third-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (third-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (third-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (third-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (third-to-last-born child) 213) When (NAME) was born, was he/she alone or did he/she have a twin? SINGLE 1 MULTIPLE 2 00 Single birth 10 Twin or multiple 11 1st of multiple births 12 2nd of multiple births 13 3rd of multiple births 14 4th of multiple births 15 5th of multiple births 16 6th of multiple births 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is a twin or single birth (fourth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (fourth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (fourth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (fourth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (fourth-to-last-born child) 213) When (NAME) was born, was he/she alone or did he/she have a twin? SINGLE 1 MULTIPLE 2 00 Single birth 10 Twin or multiple 11 1st of multiple births 12 2nd of multiple births 13 3rd of multiple births 14 4th of multiple births 15 5th of multiple births 16 6th of multiple births 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is a twin or single birth (fifth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (fifth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (fifth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (fifth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (fifth-to-last-born child) 213) When (NAME) was born, was he/she alone or did he/she have a twin? SINGLE 1 MULTIPLE 2 00 Single birth 10 Twin or multiple 11 1st of multiple births 12 2nd of multiple births 13 3rd of multiple births 14 4th of multiple births 15 5th of multiple births 16 6th of multiple births 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is a twin or single birth (sixth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (sixth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (sixth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (sixth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (sixth-to-last-born child) 213) When (NAME) was born, was he/she alone or did he/she have a twin? SINGLE 1 MULTIPLE 2 00 Single birth 10 Twin or multiple 11 1st of multiple births 12 2nd of multiple births 13 3rd of multiple births 14 4th of multiple births 15 5th of multiple births 16 6th of multiple births 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is a twin or single birth (seventh-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (seventh-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (seventh-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (seventh-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (seventh-to-last-born child) 213) When (NAME) was born, was he/she alone or did he/she have a twin? SINGLE 1 MULTIPLE 2 00 Single birth 10 Twin or multiple 11 1st of multiple births 12 2nd of multiple births 13 3rd of multiple births 14 4th of multiple births 15 5th of multiple births 16 6th of multiple births 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is a twin or single birth (eighth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (eighth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (eighth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (eighth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (eighth-to-last-born child) 213) When (NAME) was born, was he/she alone or did he/she have a twin? SINGLE 1 MULTIPLE 2 00 Single birth 10 Twin or multiple 11 1st of multiple births 12 2nd of multiple births 13 3rd of multiple births 14 4th of multiple births 15 5th of multiple births 16 6th of multiple births 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is a twin or single birth (ninth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (ninth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (ninth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (ninth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (ninth-to-last-born child) 213) When (NAME) was born, was he/she alone or did he/she have a twin? SINGLE 1 MULTIPLE 2 00 Single birth 10 Twin or multiple 11 1st of multiple births 12 2nd of multiple births 13 3rd of multiple births 14 4th of multiple births 15 5th of multiple births 16 6th of multiple births 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is a twin or single birth (tenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (tenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (tenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (tenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (tenth-to-last-born child) 213) When (NAME) was born, was he/she alone or did he/she have a twin? SINGLE 1 MULTIPLE 2 00 Single birth 10 Twin or multiple 11 1st of multiple births 12 2nd of multiple births 13 3rd of multiple births 14 4th of multiple births 15 5th of multiple births 16 6th of multiple births 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is a twin or single birth (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (eleventh-to-last-born child) 213) When (NAME) was born, was he/she alone or did he/she have a twin? SINGLE 1 MULTIPLE 2 00 Single birth 10 Twin or multiple 11 1st of multiple births 12 2nd of multiple births 13 3rd of multiple births 14 4th of multiple births 15 5th of multiple births 16 6th of multiple births 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is a twin or single birth (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (twelfth-to-last-born child) 213) When (NAME) was born, was he/she alone or did he/she have a twin? SINGLE 1 MULTIPLE 2 00 Single birth 10 Twin or multiple 11 1st of multiple births 12 2nd of multiple births 13 3rd of multiple births 14 4th of multiple births 15 5th of multiple births 16 6th of multiple births 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is a twin or single birth (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (thirteenth-to-last-born child) 213) When (NAME) was born, was he/she alone or did he/she have a twin? SINGLE 1 MULTIPLE 2 00 Single birth 10 Twin or multiple 11 1st of multiple births 12 2nd of multiple births 13 3rd of multiple births 14 4th of multiple births 15 5th of multiple births 16 6th of multiple births 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is a twin or single birth (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (fourteenth-to-last-born child) 213) When (NAME) was born, was he/she alone or did he/she have a twin? SINGLE 1 MULTIPLE 2 00 Single birth 10 Twin or multiple 11 1st of multiple births 12 2nd of multiple births 13 3rd of multiple births 14 4th of multiple births 15 5th of multiple births 16 6th of multiple births 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is a twin or single birth (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (fifteenth-to-last-born child) 213) When (NAME) was born, was he/she alone or did he/she have a twin? SINGLE 1 MULTIPLE 2 00 Single birth 10 Twin or multiple 11 1st of multiple births 12 2nd of multiple births 13 3rd of multiple births 14 4th of multiple births 15 5th of multiple births 16 6th of multiple births 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is a twin or single birth (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (sixteenth-to-last-born child) 213) When (NAME) was born, was he/she alone or did he/she have a twin? SINGLE 1 MULTIPLE 2 00 Single birth 10 Twin or multiple 11 1st of multiple births 12 2nd of multiple births 13 3rd of multiple births 14 4th of multiple births 15 5th of multiple births 16 6th of multiple births 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is a twin or single birth (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (seventeenth-to-last-born child) 00 Single birth 10 Twin or multiple 11 1st of multiple births 12 2nd of multiple births 13 3rd of multiple births 14 4th of multiple births 15 5th of multiple births 16 6th of multiple births 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is a twin or single birth (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (eighteenth-to-last-born child) 00 Single birth 10 Twin or multiple 11 1st of multiple births 12 2nd of multiple births 13 3rd of multiple births 14 4th of multiple births 15 5th of multiple births 16 6th of multiple births 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is a twin or single birth (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (nineteenth-to-last-born child) 00 Single birth 10 Twin or multiple 11 1st of multiple births 12 2nd of multiple births 13 3rd of multiple births 14 4th of multiple births 15 5th of multiple births 16 6th of multiple births 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is a twin or single birth (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child is a twin or single birth (twentieth-to-last-born child) 00 Single birth 10 Twin or multiple 11 1st of multiple births 12 2nd of multiple births 13 3rd of multiple births 14 4th of multiple births 15 5th of multiple births 16 6th of multiple births 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's month of birth Child's month of birth Child's month of birth Child's month of birth Child's month of birth 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 1 KIDBIRTHMO_ALL available KIDBIRTHMO_ALL (B1_x) reports the child's month of birth, according to the Gregorian calendar. KIDBIRTHMO_ALL consists of a set of twenty separate variables, covering the most recent birth (KIDBIRTHMO_01) up to the twentieth-most-recent birth (KIDBIRTHMO_20) for a female respondent of childbearing age. If KIDBIRTHMO_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. Information for this variable was collected on all births for a woman, up to a maximum of twenty births. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to twenty births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 19 or 20 births). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 20 births and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then KIDBIRTHMO_20 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Child's month of birth (last-born child) Child's month of birth (last-born child) Child's month of birth (last-born child) Child's month of birth (last-born child) Child's month of birth (last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's month of birth (second-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (second-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (second-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (second-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (second-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's month of birth (third-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (third-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (third-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (third-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (third-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's month of birth (fourth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (fourth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (fourth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (fourth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (fourth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's month of birth (fifth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (fifth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (fifth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (fifth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (fifth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's month of birth (sixth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (sixth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (sixth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (sixth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (sixth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's month of birth (seventh-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (seventh-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (seventh-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (seventh-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (seventh-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's month of birth (eighth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (eighth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (eighth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (eighth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (eighth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's month of birth (ninth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (ninth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (ninth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (ninth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (ninth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's month of birth (tenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (tenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (tenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (tenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (tenth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's month of birth (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (eleventh-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's month of birth (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (twelfth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's month of birth (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (thirteenth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's month of birth (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (fourteenth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's month of birth (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (fifteenth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's month of birth (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (sixteenth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's month of birth (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (seventeenth-to-last-born child) 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's month of birth (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (eighteenth-to-last-born child) 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's month of birth (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (nineteenth-to-last-born child) 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's month of birth (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child's month of birth (twentieth-to-last-born child) 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's year of birth Child's year of birth Child's year of birth Child's year of birth Child's year of birth 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 1 KIDBIRTHYR_ALL available KIDBIRTHYR_ALL (B2_x) reports the child's year of birth, according to the Gregorian calendar. KIDBIRTHYR_ALL consists of a set of twenty separate variables, covering the most recent birth (KIDBIRTHYR_01) up to the twentieth-most-recent birth (KIDBIRTHYR_20) for a female respondent of childbearing age. If KIDBIRTHYR_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. Information for this variable was collected on all births for a woman, up to a maximum of twenty births. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to twenty births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 19 or 20 births). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 20 births and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then KIDBIRTHYR_20 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Child's year of birth (last-born child) Child's year of birth (last-born child) Child's year of birth (last-born child) Child's year of birth (last-born child) Child's year of birth (last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 1952 1952 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's year of birth (second-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (second-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (second-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (second-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (second-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's year of birth (third-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (third-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (third-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (third-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (third-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 1952 1952 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's year of birth (fourth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (fourth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (fourth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (fourth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (fourth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 1950 1950 1951 1951 1952 1952 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's year of birth (fifth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (fifth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (fifth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (fifth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (fifth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's year of birth (sixth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (sixth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (sixth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (sixth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (sixth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 1951 1951 1952 1952 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's year of birth (seventh-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (seventh-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (seventh-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (seventh-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (seventh-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 1950 1950 1951 1951 1952 1952 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's year of birth (eighth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (eighth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (eighth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (eighth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (eighth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 1950 1950 1951 1951 1952 1952 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's year of birth (ninth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (ninth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (ninth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (ninth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (ninth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 1949 1949 1950 1950 1951 1951 1952 1952 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's year of birth (tenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (tenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (tenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (tenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (tenth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 1948 1948 1949 1949 1950 1950 1951 1951 1952 1952 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's year of birth (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (eleventh-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 1950 1950 1951 1951 1952 1952 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's year of birth (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (twelfth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 1952 1952 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's year of birth (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (thirteenth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 1949 1949 1950 1950 1951 1951 1952 1952 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's year of birth (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (fourteenth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's year of birth (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (fifteenth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's year of birth (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (sixteenth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 1952 1952 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's year of birth (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (seventeenth-to-last-born child) 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's year of birth (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (eighteenth-to-last-born child) 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's year of birth (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (nineteenth-to-last-born child) 1951 1951 1952 1952 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's year of birth (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child's year of birth (twentieth-to-last-born child) 1950 1950 1951 1951 1952 1952 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's date of birth (CMC) Child's date of birth (CMC) Child's date of birth (CMC) Child's date of birth (CMC) Child's date of birth (CMC) 1 KIDDOBCMC_ALL available KIDDOBCMC_ALL (B3_x) reports the century month code for the date of birth of the child. KIDDOBCMC_ALL consists of a set of twenty separate variables, covering the most recent birth (KIDDOBCMC_01) up to the twentieth-most-recent birth (KIDDOBCMC_20) for a female respondent of childbearing age. If KIDDOBCMC_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. Information for this variable was collected on all births for a woman, up to a maximum of twenty. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to twenty births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 19 or 20 births). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 20 births and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then KIDDOBCMC_20 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Child's date of birth (CMC) (last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's date of birth (CMC) (second-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (second-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (second-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (second-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (second-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's date of birth (CMC) (third-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (third-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (third-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (third-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (third-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's date of birth (CMC) (fourth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (fourth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (fourth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (fourth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (fourth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's date of birth (CMC) (fifth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (fifth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (fifth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (fifth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (fifth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's date of birth (CMC) (sixth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (sixth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (sixth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (sixth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (sixth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's date of birth (CMC) (seventh-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (seventh-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (seventh-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (seventh-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (seventh-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's date of birth (CMC) (eighth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (eighth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (eighth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (eighth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (eighth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's date of birth (CMC) (ninth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (ninth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (ninth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (ninth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (ninth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's date of birth (CMC) (tenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (tenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (tenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (tenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (tenth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's date of birth (CMC) (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (eleventh-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's date of birth (CMC) (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (twelfth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's date of birth (CMC) (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (thirteenth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's date of birth (CMC) (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (fourteenth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's date of birth (CMC) (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (fifteenth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's date of birth (CMC) (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (sixteenth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's date of birth (CMC) (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (seventeenth-to-last-born child) 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's date of birth (CMC) (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (eighteenth-to-last-born child) 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's date of birth (CMC) (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (nineteenth-to-last-born child) 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's date of birth (CMC) (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child's date of birth (CMC) (twentieth-to-last-born child) 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Sex of child Sex of child Sex of child Sex of child Sex of child 214) Is (NAME) a boy or a girl? BOY 1 GIRL 2 1 KIDSEX_ALL available KIDSEX _ALL (B4_x) reports the sex of each birth reported by women of childbearing age. KIDSEX_ALL consists of a set of twenty separate variables, covering the most recent birth (KIDSEX_01) up to the twentieth-most-recent birth (KIDSEX_20) for a female respondent of childbearing age. If KIDSEX_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For surveys including this question, information for this variable was collected on all births for a woman, up to a maximum of twenty. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to twenty births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 19 or 20 births). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 20 births and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then KIDSEX_20 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Sex of child (most recent birth) Sex of child (most recent birth) Sex of child (most recent birth) Sex of child (most recent birth) Sex of child (most recent birth) 214) Is (NAME) a boy or a girl? BOY 1 GIRL 2 1 Male 2 Female 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Sex of child (second most recent birth) Sex of child (second most recent birth) Sex of child (second most recent birth) Sex of child (second most recent birth) Sex of child (second most recent birth) 214) Is (NAME) a boy or a girl? BOY 1 GIRL 2 1 Male 2 Female 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Sex of child (third most recent birth) Sex of child (third most recent birth) Sex of child (third most recent birth) Sex of child (third most recent birth) Sex of child (third most recent birth) 214) Is (NAME) a boy or a girl? BOY 1 GIRL 2 1 Male 2 Female 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Sex of child (fourth most recent birth) Sex of child (fourth most recent birth) Sex of child (fourth most recent birth) Sex of child (fourth most recent birth) Sex of child (fourth most recent birth) 214) Is (NAME) a boy or a girl? BOY 1 GIRL 2 1 Male 2 Female 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Sex of child (fifth most recent birth) Sex of child (fifth most recent birth) Sex of child (fifth most recent birth) Sex of child (fifth most recent birth) Sex of child (fifth most recent birth) 214) Is (NAME) a boy or a girl? BOY 1 GIRL 2 1 Male 2 Female 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Sex of child (sixth most recent birth) Sex of child (sixth most recent birth) Sex of child (sixth most recent birth) Sex of child (sixth most recent birth) Sex of child (sixth most recent birth) 214) Is (NAME) a boy or a girl? BOY 1 GIRL 2 1 Male 2 Female 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Sex of child (seventh most recent birth) Sex of child (seventh most recent birth) Sex of child (seventh most recent birth) Sex of child (seventh most recent birth) Sex of child (seventh most recent birth) 214) Is (NAME) a boy or a girl? BOY 1 GIRL 2 1 Male 2 Female 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Sex of child (eighth most recent birth) Sex of child (eighth most recent birth) Sex of child (eighth most recent birth) Sex of child (eighth most recent birth) Sex of child (eighth most recent birth) 214) Is (NAME) a boy or a girl? BOY 1 GIRL 2 1 Male 2 Female 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Sex of child (ninth most recent birth) Sex of child (ninth most recent birth) Sex of child (ninth most recent birth) Sex of child (ninth most recent birth) Sex of child (ninth most recent birth) 214) Is (NAME) a boy or a girl? BOY 1 GIRL 2 1 Male 2 Female 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Sex of child (tenth most recent birth) Sex of child (tenth most recent birth) Sex of child (tenth most recent birth) Sex of child (tenth most recent birth) Sex of child (tenth most recent birth) 214) Is (NAME) a boy or a girl? BOY 1 GIRL 2 1 Male 2 Female 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Sex of child (eleventh most recent birth) Sex of child (eleventh most recent birth) Sex of child (eleventh most recent birth) Sex of child (eleventh most recent birth) Sex of child (eleventh most recent birth) 214) Is (NAME) a boy or a girl? BOY 1 GIRL 2 1 Male 2 Female 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Sex of child (twelfth most recent birth) Sex of child (twelfth most recent birth) Sex of child (twelfth most recent birth) Sex of child (twelfth most recent birth) Sex of child (twelfth most recent birth) 214) Is (NAME) a boy or a girl? BOY 1 GIRL 2 1 Male 2 Female 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Sex of child (thirteenth most recent birth) Sex of child (thirteenth most recent birth) Sex of child (thirteenth most recent birth) Sex of child (thirteenth most recent birth) Sex of child (thirteenth most recent birth) 214) Is (NAME) a boy or a girl? BOY 1 GIRL 2 1 Male 2 Female 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Sex of child (fourteenth most recent birth) Sex of child (fourteenth most recent birth) Sex of child (fourteenth most recent birth) Sex of child (fourteenth most recent birth) Sex of child (fourteenth most recent birth) 214) Is (NAME) a boy or a girl? BOY 1 GIRL 2 1 Male 2 Female 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Sex of child (fifteenth most recent birth) Sex of child (fifteenth most recent birth) Sex of child (fifteenth most recent birth) Sex of child (fifteenth most recent birth) Sex of child (fifteenth most recent birth) 214) Is (NAME) a boy or a girl? BOY 1 GIRL 2 1 Male 2 Female 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Sex of child (sixteenth most recent birth) Sex of child (sixteenth most recent birth) Sex of child (sixteenth most recent birth) Sex of child (sixteenth most recent birth) Sex of child (sixteenth most recent birth) 214) Is (NAME) a boy or a girl? BOY 1 GIRL 2 1 Male 2 Female 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Sex of child (seventeenth most recent birth) Sex of child (seventeenth most recent birth) Sex of child (seventeenth most recent birth) Sex of child (seventeenth most recent birth) Sex of child (seventeenth most recent birth) 1 Male 2 Female 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Sex of child (eighteenth most recent birth) Sex of child (eighteenth most recent birth) Sex of child (eighteenth most recent birth) Sex of child (eighteenth most recent birth) Sex of child (eighteenth most recent birth) 1 Male 2 Female 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Sex of child (nineteenth most recent birth) Sex of child (nineteenth most recent birth) Sex of child (nineteenth most recent birth) Sex of child (nineteenth most recent birth) Sex of child (nineteenth most recent birth) 1 Male 2 Female 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Sex of child (twentieth most recent birth) Sex of child (twentieth most recent birth) Sex of child (twentieth most recent birth) Sex of child (twentieth most recent birth) Sex of child (twentieth most recent birth) 1 Male 2 Female 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is alive Child is alive Child is alive Child is alive Child is alive 216) Is (NAME) still alive? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 220) 1 KIDALIVE_ALL available KIDALIVE _ALL (B5_x) indicates whether each birth reported by a woman of childbearing age is alive. KIDALIVE_ALL consists of a set of twenty separate variables, covering the most recent birth (KIDALIVE_01) up to the twentieth-most-recent birth (KIDALIVE_20) for a female respondent of childbearing age. If KIDALIVE_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For surveys including this question, information for this variable was collected on all births for a woman, up to a maximum of twenty. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to twenty births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 19 or 20 births). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 20 births and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then KIDALIVE_20 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Child is alive (most recent birth) Child is alive (most recent birth) Child is alive (most recent birth) Child is alive (most recent birth) Child is alive (most recent birth) 216) Is (NAME) still alive? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 220) No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is alive (second most recent birth) Child is alive (second most recent birth) Child is alive (second most recent birth) Child is alive (second most recent birth) Child is alive (second most recent birth) 216) Is (NAME) still alive? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 220) No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is alive (third most recent birth) Child is alive (third most recent birth) Child is alive (third most recent birth) Child is alive (third most recent birth) Child is alive (third most recent birth) 216) Is (NAME) still alive? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 220) No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is alive (fourth most recent birth) Child is alive (fourth most recent birth) Child is alive (fourth most recent birth) Child is alive (fourth most recent birth) Child is alive (fourth most recent birth) 216) Is (NAME) still alive? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 220) No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is alive (fifth most recent birth) Child is alive (fifth most recent birth) Child is alive (fifth most recent birth) Child is alive (fifth most recent birth) Child is alive (fifth most recent birth) 216) Is (NAME) still alive? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 220) No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is alive (sixth recent birth) Child is alive (sixth recent birth) Child is alive (sixth recent birth) Child is alive (sixth recent birth) Child is alive (sixth recent birth) 216) Is (NAME) still alive? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 220) No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is alive (seventh recent birth) Child is alive (seventh recent birth) Child is alive (seventh recent birth) Child is alive (seventh recent birth) Child is alive (seventh recent birth) 216) Is (NAME) still alive? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 220) No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is alive (eighth recent birth) Child is alive (eighth recent birth) Child is alive (eighth recent birth) Child is alive (eighth recent birth) Child is alive (eighth recent birth) 216) Is (NAME) still alive? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 220) No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is alive (ninth recent birth) Child is alive (ninth recent birth) Child is alive (ninth recent birth) Child is alive (ninth recent birth) Child is alive (ninth recent birth) 216) Is (NAME) still alive? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 220) No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is alive (tenth recent birth) Child is alive (tenth recent birth) Child is alive (tenth recent birth) Child is alive (tenth recent birth) Child is alive (tenth recent birth) 216) Is (NAME) still alive? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 220) No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is alive (eleventh recent birth) Child is alive (eleventh recent birth) Child is alive (eleventh recent birth) Child is alive (eleventh recent birth) Child is alive (eleventh recent birth) 216) Is (NAME) still alive? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 220) No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is alive (twelfth recent birth) Child is alive (twelfth recent birth) Child is alive (twelfth recent birth) Child is alive (twelfth recent birth) Child is alive (twelfth recent birth) 216) Is (NAME) still alive? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 220) No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is alive (thirteenth recent birth) Child is alive (thirteenth recent birth) Child is alive (thirteenth recent birth) Child is alive (thirteenth recent birth) Child is alive (thirteenth recent birth) 216) Is (NAME) still alive? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 220) No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is alive (fourteenth recent birth) Child is alive (fourteenth recent birth) Child is alive (fourteenth recent birth) Child is alive (fourteenth recent birth) Child is alive (fourteenth recent birth) 216) Is (NAME) still alive? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 220) No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is alive (fifteenth recent birth) Child is alive (fifteenth recent birth) Child is alive (fifteenth recent birth) Child is alive (fifteenth recent birth) Child is alive (fifteenth recent birth) 216) Is (NAME) still alive? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 220) No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is alive (sixteenth recent birth) Child is alive (sixteenth recent birth) Child is alive (sixteenth recent birth) Child is alive (sixteenth recent birth) Child is alive (sixteenth recent birth) 216) Is (NAME) still alive? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 220) No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is alive (seventeenth recent birth) Child is alive (seventeenth recent birth) Child is alive (seventeenth recent birth) Child is alive (seventeenth recent birth) Child is alive (seventeenth recent birth) No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is alive (eighteenth recent birth) Child is alive (eighteenth recent birth) Child is alive (eighteenth recent birth) Child is alive (eighteenth recent birth) Child is alive (eighteenth recent birth) No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is alive (nineteenth recent birth) Child is alive (nineteenth recent birth) Child is alive (nineteenth recent birth) Child is alive (nineteenth recent birth) Child is alive (nineteenth recent birth) No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child is alive (twentieth recent birth) Child is alive (twentieth recent birth) Child is alive (twentieth recent birth) Child is alive (twentieth recent birth) Child is alive (twentieth recent birth) No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death (non-imputed) Child's age at death (non-imputed) Child's age at death (non-imputed) Child's age at death (non-imputed) Child's age at death (non-imputed) 220) IF DECEASED: How old was he/she when he/she died? IF '1 YR', PROBE: How many months old was (NAME)? RECORD DAYS IF LESS THAN ONE MONTH, MONTHS IF LESS THAN TWO YEARS, OR IN YEARS. DAYS: ___ 1 MONTHS: ___ 2 YEARS: ___ 3 1 KIDAGEDEATH_ALL available KIDAGEDEATH_ALL (B6_x) reports the age of the deceased child at death. The first digit of the codes indicates the time unit: 100: Days 200: Months 300: Years KIDAGEDEATH_ALL consists of a set of twenty separate variables, covering the most recent birth (KIDAGEDEATH_01) up to the twentieth-most-recent birth (KIDAGEDEATH_20) for a female respondent of childbearing age. If KIDAGEDEATH_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. Information for this variable was collected on all births for a woman, up to a maximum of twenty births. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to twenty births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 19 or 20 births). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 20 births and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then KIDAGEDEATH_20 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Child's age at death (non-imputed) (last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (last-born child) 220) IF DECEASED: How old was he/she when he/she died? IF '1 YR', PROBE: How many months old was (NAME)? RECORD DAYS IF LESS THAN ONE MONTH, MONTHS IF LESS THAN TWO YEARS, OR IN YEARS. DAYS: ___ 1 MONTHS: ___ 2 YEARS: ___ 3 100 Less than 1 day 101 1 day 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 131 31 days 132 32 days 133 33 days 134 34 days 135 35 days 136 36 days 137 37 days 138 38 days 139 39 days 140 40 days 198 Days: Don't know 199 Days: Number missing 200 Less than 1 month 201 1 month 202 2 months 203 3 months 204 4 months 205 5 months 206 6 months 207 7 months 208 8 months 209 9 months 210 10 months 211 11 months 212 12 months 213 13 months 214 14 months 215 15 months 216 16 months 217 17 months 218 18 months 219 19 months 220 20 months 221 21 months 222 22 months 223 23 months 224 24 months 225 25 months 226 26 months 227 27 months 228 28 months 229 29 months 230 30 months 231 31 months 232 32 months 233 33 months 234 34 months 235 35 months 236 36 months 237 37 months 238 38 months 239 39 months 240 40 months 241 41 months 242 42 months 243 43 months 244 44 months 245 45 months 246 46 months 247 47 months 248 48 months 249 49 months 250 50 months 251 51 months 252 52 months 253 53 months 254 54 months 255 55 months 256 56 months 297 Months: Inconsistant 298 Months: Don't know 299 Months: Number missing 300 Less than 1 year 301 1 year 302 2 years 303 3 years 304 4 years 305 5 years 306 6 years 307 7 years 308 8 years 309 9 years 310 10 years 311 11 years 312 12 years 313 13 years 314 14 years 315 15 years 316 16 years 317 17 years 318 18 years 319 19 years 320 20 years 321 21 years 322 22 years 323 23 years 324 24 years 325 25 years 326 26 years 327 27 years 328 28 years 329 29 years 330 30 years 331 31 years 332 32 years 333 33 years 334 34 years 335 35 years 336 36 years 397 Years: Inconsistent 398 Years: Don't know 399 Years: Number missing 996 Inconsistant 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) See KIDAGEDEATH_ALL. IPUMS Child's age at death (non-imputed) (second-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (second-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (second-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (second-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (second-to-last-born child) 220) IF DECEASED: How old was he/she when he/she died? IF '1 YR', PROBE: How many months old was (NAME)? RECORD DAYS IF LESS THAN ONE MONTH, MONTHS IF LESS THAN TWO YEARS, OR IN YEARS. DAYS: ___ 1 MONTHS: ___ 2 YEARS: ___ 3 100 Less than 1 day 101 1 day 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 131 31 days 132 32 days 133 33 days 134 34 days 135 35 days 136 36 days 137 37 days 138 38 days 139 39 days 140 40 days 141 41 days 142 42 days 143 43 days 144 44 days 145 45 days 198 Days: Don't know 199 Days: Number missing 200 Less than 1 month 201 1 month 202 2 months 203 3 months 204 4 months 205 5 months 206 6 months 207 7 months 208 8 months 209 9 months 210 10 months 211 11 months 212 12 months 213 13 months 214 14 months 215 15 months 216 16 months 217 17 months 218 18 months 219 19 months 220 20 months 221 21 months 222 22 months 223 23 months 224 24 months 225 25 months 226 26 months 227 27 months 228 28 months 229 29 months 230 30 months 231 31 months 232 32 months 233 33 months 234 34 months 235 35 months 236 36 months 237 37 months 238 38 months 239 39 months 240 40 months 241 41 months 242 42 months 243 43 months 244 44 months 245 45 months 246 46 months 247 47 months 248 48 months 249 49 months 250 50 months 251 51 months 252 52 months 253 53 months 254 54 months 255 55 months 256 56 months 257 57 months 258 58 months 259 59 months 297 Months: Inconsistant 298 Months: Don't know 299 Months: Number missing 300 Less than 1 year 301 1 year 302 2 years 303 3 years 304 4 years 305 5 years 306 6 years 307 7 years 308 8 years 309 9 years 310 10 years 311 11 years 312 12 years 313 13 years 314 14 years 315 15 years 316 16 years 317 17 years 318 18 years 319 19 years 320 20 years 321 21 years 322 22 years 323 23 years 324 24 years 325 25 years 326 26 years 327 27 years 328 28 years 329 29 years 330 30 years 331 31 years 332 32 years 333 33 years 334 34 years 335 35 years 336 36 years 337 37 years 338 38 years 339 39 years 340 40 years 397 Years: Inconsistant 398 Years: Don't know 399 Years: Number missing 996 Inconsistant 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death (non-imputed) (third-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (third-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (third-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (third-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (third-to-last-born child) 220) IF DECEASED: How old was he/she when he/she died? IF '1 YR', PROBE: How many months old was (NAME)? RECORD DAYS IF LESS THAN ONE MONTH, MONTHS IF LESS THAN TWO YEARS, OR IN YEARS. DAYS: ___ 1 MONTHS: ___ 2 YEARS: ___ 3 100 Less than 1 day 101 1 day 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 131 31 days 132 32 days 133 33 days 134 34 days 135 35 days 136 36 days 137 37 days 138 38 days 139 39 days 140 40 days 198 Days: Don't know 199 Days: Number missing 200 Less than 1 month 201 1 month 202 2 months 203 3 months 204 4 months 205 5 months 206 6 months 207 7 months 208 8 months 209 9 months 210 10 months 211 11 months 212 12 months 213 13 months 214 14 months 215 15 months 216 16 months 217 17 months 218 18 months 219 19 months 220 20 months 221 21 months 222 22 months 223 23 months 224 24 months 225 25 months 226 26 months 227 27 months 228 28 months 229 29 months 230 30 months 231 31 months 232 32 months 233 33 months 234 34 months 235 35 months 236 36 months 237 37 months 238 38 months 239 39 months 240 40 months 241 41 months 242 42 months 243 43 months 244 44 months 245 45 months 246 46 months 247 47 months 248 48 months 249 49 months 250 50 months 251 51 months 252 52 months 253 53 months 254 54 months 255 55 months 256 56 months 297 Months: Inconsistant 298 Months: Don't know 299 Months: Number missing 300 Less than 1 year 301 1 year 302 2 years 303 3 years 304 4 years 305 5 years 306 6 years 307 7 years 308 8 years 309 9 years 310 10 years 311 11 years 312 12 years 313 13 years 314 14 years 315 15 years 316 16 years 317 17 years 318 18 years 319 19 years 320 20 years 321 21 years 322 22 years 323 23 years 324 24 years 325 25 years 326 26 years 327 27 years 328 28 years 329 29 years 330 30 years 331 31 years 332 32 years 333 33 years 334 34 years 335 35 years 336 36 years 337 37 years 338 38 years 397 Years: Inconsistant 398 Years: Don't know 399 Years: Number missing 996 Inconsistant 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death (non-imputed) (fourth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (fourth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (fourth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (fourth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (fourth-to-last-born child) 220) IF DECEASED: How old was he/she when he/she died? IF '1 YR', PROBE: How many months old was (NAME)? RECORD DAYS IF LESS THAN ONE MONTH, MONTHS IF LESS THAN TWO YEARS, OR IN YEARS. DAYS: ___ 1 MONTHS: ___ 2 YEARS: ___ 3 100 Less than 1 day 101 1 day 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 131 31 days 132 32 days 133 33 days 134 34 days 135 35 days 136 36 days 137 37 days 138 38 days 139 39 days 140 40 days 141 41 days 197 Days: Inconsistant 198 Days: Don't know 199 Days: number missing 200 Less than 1 month 201 1 month 202 2 months 203 3 months 204 4 months 205 5 months 206 6 months 207 7 months 208 8 months 209 9 months 210 10 months 211 11 months 212 12 months 213 13 months 214 14 months 215 15 months 216 16 months 217 17 months 218 18 months 219 19 months 220 20 months 221 21 months 222 22 months 223 23 months 224 24 months 225 25 months 226 26 months 227 27 months 228 28 months 229 29 months 230 30 months 231 31 months 232 32 months 233 33 months 234 34 months 235 35 months 236 36 months 237 37 months 238 38 months 239 39 months 240 40 months 241 41 months 242 42 months 243 43 months 244 44 months 245 45 months 246 46 months 247 47 months 248 48 months 249 49 months 250 50 months 251 51 months 252 52 months 253 53 months 254 54 months 255 55 months 256 56 months 257 57 months 258 58 months 259 59 months 298 Months: Don't know 299 Months: number missing 300 Less than 1 year 301 1 year 302 2 years 303 3 years 304 4 years 305 5 years 306 6 years 307 7 years 308 8 years 309 9 years 310 10 years 311 11 years 312 12 years 313 13 years 314 14 years 315 15 years 316 16 years 317 17 years 318 18 years 319 19 years 320 20 years 321 21 years 322 22 years 323 23 years 324 24 years 325 25 years 326 26 years 327 27 years 328 28 years 329 29 years 330 30 years 331 31 years 332 32 years 333 33 years 334 34 years 335 35 years 336 36 years 397 Years: Inconsistant 398 Years: Don't know 399 Years: Number missing 996 Inconsistant 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death (non-imputed) (fifth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (fifth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (fifth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (fifth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (fifth-to-last-born child) 220) IF DECEASED: How old was he/she when he/she died? IF '1 YR', PROBE: How many months old was (NAME)? RECORD DAYS IF LESS THAN ONE MONTH, MONTHS IF LESS THAN TWO YEARS, OR IN YEARS. DAYS: ___ 1 MONTHS: ___ 2 YEARS: ___ 3 100 Less than 1 day 101 1 day 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 131 31 days 132 32 days 133 33 days 134 34 days 135 35 days 136 36 days 137 37 days 138 38 days 139 39 days 140 40 days 197 Days: Inconsistant 198 Days: Don't know 199 Days: Number missing 200 Less than 1 month 201 1 month 202 2 months 203 3 months 204 4 months 205 5 months 206 6 months 207 7 months 208 8 months 209 9 months 210 10 months 211 11 months 212 12 months 213 13 months 214 14 months 215 15 months 216 16 months 217 17 months 218 18 months 219 19 months 220 20 months 221 21 months 222 22 months 223 23 months 224 24 months 225 25 months 226 26 months 227 27 months 228 28 months 229 29 months 230 30 months 231 31 months 232 32 months 233 33 months 234 34 months 235 35 months 236 36 months 237 37 months 238 38 months 239 39 months 240 40 months 241 41 months 242 42 months 243 43 months 244 44 months 245 45 months 246 46 months 247 47 months 248 48 months 249 49 months 250 50 months 251 51 months 252 52 months 253 53 months 254 54 months 255 55 months 256 56 months 257 57 months 258 58 months 297 Months: Inconsistant 298 Months: Don't know 299 Months: Missing 300 Less than 1 year 301 1 year 302 2 years 303 3 years 304 4 years 305 5 years 306 6 years 307 7 years 308 8 years 309 9 years 310 10 years 311 11 years 312 12 years 313 13 years 314 14 years 315 15 years 316 16 years 317 17 years 318 18 years 319 19 years 320 20 years 321 21 years 322 22 years 323 23 years 324 24 years 325 25 years 326 26 years 327 27 years 328 28 years 329 29 years 330 30 years 331 31 years 332 32 years 333 33 years 334 34 years 335 35 years 397 Years: Inconsistent 398 Years: Don't know 399 Years: Number missing 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death (non-imputed) (sixth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (sixth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (sixth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (sixth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (sixth-to-last-born child) 220) IF DECEASED: How old was he/she when he/she died? IF '1 YR', PROBE: How many months old was (NAME)? RECORD DAYS IF LESS THAN ONE MONTH, MONTHS IF LESS THAN TWO YEARS, OR IN YEARS. DAYS: ___ 1 MONTHS: ___ 2 YEARS: ___ 3 100 Less than 1 day 101 1 day 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 131 31 days 132 32 days 133 33 days 134 34 days 135 35 days 136 36 days 137 37 days 138 38 days 139 39 days 140 40 days 198 Days: Don't know 199 Days: Number missing 200 Less than 1 month 201 1 month 202 2 months 203 3 months 204 4 months 205 5 months 206 6 months 207 7 months 208 8 months 209 9 months 210 10 months 211 11 months 212 12 months 213 13 months 214 14 months 215 15 months 216 16 months 217 17 months 218 18 months 219 19 months 220 20 months 221 21 months 222 22 months 223 23 months 224 24 months 225 25 months 226 26 months 227 27 months 228 28 months 229 29 months 230 30 months 231 31 months 232 32 months 233 33 months 234 34 months 235 35 months 236 36 months 237 37 months 238 38 months 239 39 months 240 40 months 241 41 months 242 42 months 243 43 months 244 44 months 245 45 months 246 46 months 247 47 months 248 48 months 249 49 months 250 50 months 251 51 months 252 52 months 253 53 months 254 54 months 255 55 months 256 56 months 257 57 months 258 58 months 298 Months: Don't know 299 Months: Number missing 300 Less than 1 year 301 1 year 302 2 years 303 3 years 304 4 years 305 5 years 306 6 years 307 7 years 308 8 years 309 9 years 310 10 years 311 11 years 312 12 years 313 13 years 314 14 years 315 15 years 316 16 years 317 17 years 318 18 years 319 19 years 320 20 years 321 21 years 322 22 years 323 23 years 324 24 years 325 25 years 326 26 years 327 27 years 328 28 years 329 29 years 330 30 years 331 31 years 332 32 years 333 33 years 334 34 years 335 35 years 336 36 years 337 37 years 338 38 years 339 39 years 397 Years: Inconsistent 398 Years: Don't know 399 Years: Number missing 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death (non-imputed) (seventh-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (seventh-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (seventh-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (seventh-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (seventh-to-last-born child) 220) IF DECEASED: How old was he/she when he/she died? IF '1 YR', PROBE: How many months old was (NAME)? RECORD DAYS IF LESS THAN ONE MONTH, MONTHS IF LESS THAN TWO YEARS, OR IN YEARS. DAYS: ___ 1 MONTHS: ___ 2 YEARS: ___ 3 100 Less than 1 day 101 1 day 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 131 31 days 132 32 days 133 33 days 134 34 days 135 35 days 136 36 days 137 37 days 138 38 days 139 39 days 140 40 days 141 41 days 142 42 days 198 Days: Don't know 199 Days: Number missing 200 Less than 1 month 201 1 month 202 2 months 203 3 months 204 4 months 205 5 months 206 6 months 207 7 months 208 8 months 209 9 months 210 10 months 211 11 months 212 12 months 213 13 months 214 14 months 215 15 months 216 16 months 217 17 months 218 18 months 219 19 months 220 20 months 221 21 months 222 22 months 223 23 months 224 24 months 225 25 months 226 26 months 227 27 months 228 28 months 229 29 months 230 30 months 231 31 months 232 32 months 233 33 months 234 34 months 235 35 months 236 36 months 237 37 months 238 38 months 239 39 months 240 40 months 241 41 months 242 42 months 243 43 months 244 44 months 245 45 months 246 46 months 247 47 months 248 48 months 249 49 months 250 50 months 251 51 months 252 52 months 253 53 months 254 54 months 255 55 months 256 56 months 298 Months: Don't know 299 Months: Number missing 300 Less than 1 year 301 1 year 302 2 years 303 3 years 304 4 years 305 5 years 306 6 years 307 7 years 308 8 years 309 9 years 310 10 years 311 11 years 312 12 years 313 13 years 314 14 years 315 15 years 316 16 years 317 17 years 318 18 years 319 19 years 320 20 years 321 21 years 322 22 years 323 23 years 324 24 years 325 25 years 326 26 years 327 27 years 328 28 years 329 29 years 330 30 years 331 31 years 332 32 years 333 33 years 334 34 years 335 35 years 397 Years: Inconsistent 398 Years: Don't know 399 Years: Number missing 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death (non-imputed) (eighth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (eighth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (eighth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (eighth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (eighth-to-last-born child) 220) IF DECEASED: How old was he/she when he/she died? IF '1 YR', PROBE: How many months old was (NAME)? RECORD DAYS IF LESS THAN ONE MONTH, MONTHS IF LESS THAN TWO YEARS, OR IN YEARS. DAYS: ___ 1 MONTHS: ___ 2 YEARS: ___ 3 100 Less than 1 day 101 1 day 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 131 31 days 132 32 days 133 33 days 134 34 days 135 35 days 136 36 days 137 37 days 138 38 days 139 39 days 140 40 days 141 41 days 198 Days: Don't know 199 Days: Number missing 200 Less than 1 month 201 1 month 202 2 months 203 3 months 204 4 months 205 5 months 206 6 months 207 7 months 208 8 months 209 9 months 210 10 months 211 11 months 212 12 months 213 13 months 214 14 months 215 15 months 216 16 months 217 17 months 218 18 months 219 19 months 220 20 months 221 21 months 222 22 months 223 23 months 224 24 months 225 25 months 226 26 months 227 27 months 228 28 months 229 29 months 230 30 months 231 31 months 232 32 months 233 33 months 234 34 months 235 35 months 236 36 months 237 37 months 238 38 months 239 39 months 240 40 months 241 41 months 242 42 months 243 43 months 244 44 months 245 45 months 246 46 months 247 47 months 248 48 months 249 49 months 250 50 months 251 51 months 252 52 months 253 53 months 254 54 months 255 55 months 256 56 months 257 57 months 258 58 months 297 Months: Inconsistent 298 Months: Don't know 299 Months: Number missing 300 Less than 1 year 301 1 year 302 2 years 303 3 years 304 4 years 305 5 years 306 6 years 307 7 years 308 8 years 309 9 years 310 10 years 311 11 years 312 12 years 313 13 years 314 14 years 315 15 years 316 16 years 317 17 years 318 18 years 319 19 years 320 20 years 321 21 years 322 22 years 323 23 years 324 24 years 325 25 years 326 26 years 327 27 years 328 28 years 329 29 years 330 30 years 331 31 years 332 32 years 333 33 years 334 34 years 335 35 years 397 Years: Inconsistent 398 Years: Don't know 399 Years: Number missing 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death (non-imputed) (ninth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (ninth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (ninth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (ninth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (ninth-to-last-born child) 220) IF DECEASED: How old was he/she when he/she died? IF '1 YR', PROBE: How many months old was (NAME)? RECORD DAYS IF LESS THAN ONE MONTH, MONTHS IF LESS THAN TWO YEARS, OR IN YEARS. DAYS: ___ 1 MONTHS: ___ 2 YEARS: ___ 3 100 Less than 1 day 101 1 day 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 131 31 days 132 32 days 133 33 days 134 34 days 135 35 days 136 36 days 137 37 days 138 38 days 139 39 days 140 40 days 198 Days: Don't know 199 Days: Number missing 200 Less than 1 month 201 1 month 202 2 months 203 3 months 204 4 months 205 5 months 206 6 months 207 7 months 208 8 months 209 9 months 210 10 months 211 11 months 212 12 months 213 13 months 214 14 months 215 15 months 216 16 months 217 17 months 218 18 months 219 19 months 220 20 months 221 21 months 222 22 months 223 23 months 224 24 months 225 25 months 226 26 months 227 27 months 228 28 months 229 29 months 230 30 months 231 31 months 232 32 months 233 33 months 234 34 months 235 35 months 236 36 months 237 37 months 238 38 months 239 39 months 240 40 months 241 41 months 242 42 months 243 43 months 244 44 months 245 45 months 246 46 months 247 47 months 248 48 months 249 49 months 250 50 months 251 51 months 252 52 months 253 53 months 254 54 months 255 55 months 298 Months: Don't know 299 Monoths: Number missing 300 Less than 1 year 301 1 year 302 2 years 303 3 years 304 4 years 305 5 years 306 6 years 307 7 years 308 8 years 309 9 years 310 10 years 311 11 years 312 12 years 313 13 years 314 14 years 315 15 years 316 16 years 317 17 years 318 18 years 319 19 years 320 20 years 321 21 years 322 22 years 323 23 years 324 24 years 325 25 years 326 26 years 327 27 years 328 28 years 329 29 years 330 30 years 331 31 years 332 32 years 333 33 years 334 34 years 335 35 years 336 36 years 397 Years: Inconsistent 398 Years: Don't know 399 Years: Number missing 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death (non-imputed) (tenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (tenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (tenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (tenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (tenth-to-last-born child) 220) IF DECEASED: How old was he/she when he/she died? IF '1 YR', PROBE: How many months old was (NAME)? RECORD DAYS IF LESS THAN ONE MONTH, MONTHS IF LESS THAN TWO YEARS, OR IN YEARS. DAYS: ___ 1 MONTHS: ___ 2 YEARS: ___ 3 100 Less than 1 day 101 1 day 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 131 31 days 132 32 days 133 33 days 134 34 days 135 35 days 136 36 days 137 37 days 138 38 days 139 39 days 140 40 days 198 Days: Don't know 199 Days: Number missing 200 Less than 1 month 201 1 month 202 2 months 203 3 months 204 4 months 205 5 months 206 6 months 207 7 months 208 8 months 209 9 months 210 10 months 211 11 months 212 12 months 213 13 months 214 14 months 215 15 months 216 16 months 217 17 months 218 18 months 219 19 months 220 20 months 221 21 months 222 22 months 223 23 months 224 24 months 225 25 months 226 26 months 227 27 months 228 28 months 229 29 months 230 30 months 231 31 months 232 32 months 233 33 months 234 34 months 235 35 months 236 36 months 237 37 months 238 38 months 239 39 months 240 40 months 241 41 months 242 42 months 243 43 months 244 44 months 245 45 months 246 46 months 247 47 months 248 48 months 249 49 months 250 50 months 251 51 months 252 52 months 253 53 months 254 54 months 255 55 months 256 56 months 298 Months: Don't know 299 Months: Number missing 300 Less than 1 year 301 1 year 302 2 years 303 3 years 304 4 years 305 5 years 306 6 years 307 7 years 308 8 years 309 9 years 310 10 years 311 11 years 312 12 years 313 13 years 314 14 years 315 15 years 316 16 years 317 17 years 318 18 years 319 19 years 320 20 years 321 21 years 322 22 years 323 23 years 324 24 years 325 25 years 326 26 years 327 27 years 328 28 years 329 29 years 330 30 years 331 31 years 332 32 years 333 33 years 334 34 years 335 35 years 336 36 years 337 37 years 397 Years: Inconsistent 398 Years: Don't know 399 Years: Number missing 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death (non-imputed) (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (eleventh-to-last-born child) 220) IF DECEASED: How old was he/she when he/she died? IF '1 YR', PROBE: How many months old was (NAME)? RECORD DAYS IF LESS THAN ONE MONTH, MONTHS IF LESS THAN TWO YEARS, OR IN YEARS. DAYS: ___ 1 MONTHS: ___ 2 YEARS: ___ 3 100 Less than 1 day 101 1 day 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 131 31 days 132 32 days 133 33 days 134 34 days 135 35 days 136 36 days 137 37 days 138 38 days 139 39 days 140 40 days 198 Days: Don’t know 199 Days: Number missing 200 Less than 1 month 201 1 month 202 2 months 203 3 months 204 4 months 205 5 months 206 6 months 207 7 months 208 8 months 209 9 months 210 10 months 211 11 months 212 12 months 213 13 months 214 14 months 215 15 months 216 16 months 217 17 months 218 18 months 219 19 months 220 20 months 221 21 months 222 22 months 223 23 months 224 24 months 225 25 months 226 26 months 227 27 months 228 28 months 229 29 months 230 30 months 231 31 months 232 32 months 233 33 months 234 34 months 235 35 months 236 36 months 237 37 months 238 38 months 239 39 months 240 40 months 241 41 months 242 42 months 243 43 months 244 44 months 245 45 months 246 46 months 247 47 months 298 Months: Don't know 299 Months: Number missing 300 Less than 1 year 301 1 year 302 2 years 303 3 years 304 4 years 305 5 years 306 6 years 307 7 years 308 8 years 309 9 years 310 10 years 311 11 years 312 12 years 313 13 years 314 14 years 315 15 years 316 16 years 317 17 years 318 18 years 319 19 years 320 20 years 321 21 years 322 22 years 323 23 years 324 24 years 325 25 years 326 26 years 327 27 years 328 28 years 329 29 years 330 30 years 331 31 years 332 32 years 333 33 years 397 Years: Inconsistent 398 Years: Don't know 399 Years: Number missing 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death (non-imputed) (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (twelfth-to-last-born child) 220) IF DECEASED: How old was he/she when he/she died? IF '1 YR', PROBE: How many months old was (NAME)? RECORD DAYS IF LESS THAN ONE MONTH, MONTHS IF LESS THAN TWO YEARS, OR IN YEARS. DAYS: ___ 1 MONTHS: ___ 2 YEARS: ___ 3 100 Less than 1 day 101 1 day 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 131 31 days 132 32 days 133 33 days 134 34 days 135 35 days 136 36 days 137 37 days 138 38 days 139 39 days 140 40 days 198 Days: Don't know 199 Days: Number missing 200 Less than 1 month 201 1 month 202 2 months 203 3 months 204 4 months 205 5 months 206 6 months 207 7 months 208 8 months 209 9 months 210 10 months 211 11 months 212 12 months 213 13 months 214 14 months 215 15 months 216 16 months 217 17 months 218 18 months 219 19 months 220 20 months 221 21 months 222 22 months 223 23 months 224 24 months 225 25 months 226 26 months 227 27 months 228 28 months 229 29 months 230 30 months 299 Months: Number missing 300 Less than 1 year 301 1 year 302 2 years 303 3 years 304 4 years 305 5 years 306 6 years 307 7 years 308 8 years 309 9 years 310 10 years 311 11 years 312 12 years 313 13 years 314 14 years 315 15 years 316 16 years 317 17 years 318 18 years 319 19 years 320 20 years 321 21 years 322 22 years 323 23 years 324 24 years 325 25 years 326 26 years 327 27 years 328 28 years 329 29 years 330 30 years 331 31 years 332 32 years 333 33 years 334 34 years 397 Years: Inconsistent 398 Years: Don't know 399 Years: Number missing 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death (non-imputed) (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (thirteenth-to-last-born child) 220) IF DECEASED: How old was he/she when he/she died? IF '1 YR', PROBE: How many months old was (NAME)? RECORD DAYS IF LESS THAN ONE MONTH, MONTHS IF LESS THAN TWO YEARS, OR IN YEARS. DAYS: ___ 1 MONTHS: ___ 2 YEARS: ___ 3 100 Less than 1 day 101 1 day 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 131 31 days 132 32 days 133 33 days 134 34 days 135 35 days 136 36 days 137 37 days 138 38 days 139 39 days 140 40 days 198 Days: Don't know 199 Days: Number missing 200 Less than 1 month 201 1 month 202 2 months 203 3 months 204 4 months 205 5 months 206 6 months 207 7 months 208 8 months 209 9 months 210 10 months 211 11 months 212 12 months 213 13 months 214 14 months 215 15 months 216 16 months 217 17 months 218 18 months 219 19 months 220 20 months 221 21 months 222 22 months 223 23 months 224 24 months 225 25 months 226 26 months 299 Months: Number missing 300 Less than 1 year 301 1 year 302 2 years 303 3 years 304 4 years 305 5 years 306 6 years 307 7 years 308 8 years 309 9 years 310 10 years 311 11 years 312 12 years 313 13 years 314 14 years 315 15 years 316 16 years 317 17 years 318 18 years 319 19 years 320 20 years 321 21 years 322 22 years 323 23 years 324 24 years 325 25 years 326 26 years 327 27 years 328 28 years 329 29 years 330 30 years 331 31 years 332 32 years 333 33 years 334 34 years 397 Years: Inconsistent 398 Years: Don't know 399 Years: Number missing 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death (non-imputed) (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (fourteenth-to-last-born child) 220) IF DECEASED: How old was he/she when he/she died? IF '1 YR', PROBE: How many months old was (NAME)? RECORD DAYS IF LESS THAN ONE MONTH, MONTHS IF LESS THAN TWO YEARS, OR IN YEARS. DAYS: ___ 1 MONTHS: ___ 2 YEARS: ___ 3 100 Less than 1 day 101 1 day 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 198 Days: Don't know 199 Days: Number missing 200 Less than 1 month 201 1 month 202 2 months 203 3 months 204 4 months 205 5 months 206 6 months 207 7 months 208 8 months 209 9 months 210 10 months 211 11 months 212 12 months 213 13 months 214 14 months 215 15 months 216 16 months 217 17 months 218 18 months 219 19 months 220 20 months 221 21 months 222 22 months 223 23 months 224 24 months 225 25 months 226 26 months 227 27 months 228 28 months 229 29 months 230 30 months 231 31 months 232 32 months 233 33 months 234 34 months 235 35 months 236 36 months 237 37 months 238 38 months 239 39 months 240 40 months 241 41 months 242 42 months 243 43 months 244 44 months 245 45 months 246 46 months 247 47 months 248 48 months 299 Months: Number missing 300 Less than 1 year 301 1 year 302 2 years 303 3 years 304 4 years 305 5 years 306 6 years 307 7 years 308 8 years 309 9 years 310 10 years 311 11 years 312 12 years 313 13 years 314 14 years 315 15 years 316 16 years 317 17 years 318 18 years 319 19 years 320 20 years 321 21 years 322 22 years 323 23 years 324 24 years 325 25 years 326 26 years 327 27 years 328 28 years 329 29 years 330 30 years 397 Years: Inconsistent 398 Years: Don't know 399 Years: Number missing 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death (non-imputed) (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (fifteenth-to-last-born child) 220) IF DECEASED: How old was he/she when he/she died? IF '1 YR', PROBE: How many months old was (NAME)? RECORD DAYS IF LESS THAN ONE MONTH, MONTHS IF LESS THAN TWO YEARS, OR IN YEARS. DAYS: ___ 1 MONTHS: ___ 2 YEARS: ___ 3 100 Less than 1 day 101 1 day 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 198 Days: Don’t know 199 Days: Number missing 200 Less than 1 month 201 1 month 202 2 months 203 3 months 204 4 months 205 5 months 206 6 months 207 7 months 208 8 months 209 9 months 210 10 months 211 11 months 212 12 months 213 13 months 214 14 months 215 15 months 216 16 months 217 17 months 218 18 months 219 19 months 220 20 months 221 21 months 222 22 months 223 23 months 224 24 months 298 Months: Don't know 299 Months: Number missing 300 Less than 1 year 301 1 year 302 2 years 303 3 years 304 4 years 305 5 years 306 6 years 307 7 years 308 8 years 309 9 years 310 10 years 311 11 years 312 12 years 313 13 years 314 14 years 315 15 years 316 16 years 317 17 years 318 18 years 319 19 years 320 20 years 321 21 years 322 22 years 323 23 years 324 24 years 325 25 years 326 26 years 327 27 years 328 28 years 329 29 years 330 30 years 331 31 years 332 32 years 333 33 years 334 34 years 335 35 years 336 36 years 337 37 years 397 Years: Inconsistent 398 Years: Don't know 399 Years: Number missing 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death (non-imputed) (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (sixteenth-to-last-born child) 100 Less than 1 day 101 1 day 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 198 Days: Don't know 199 Days: Number missing 200 Less than 1 month 201 1 month 202 2 months 203 3 months 204 4 months 205 5 months 206 6 months 207 7 months 208 8 months 209 9 months 210 10 months 211 11 months 212 12 months 213 13 months 214 14 months 215 15 months 216 16 months 217 17 months 218 18 months 219 19 months 220 20 months 221 21 months 222 22 months 223 23 months 299 Months: Number missing 300 Less than 1 year 301 1 year 302 2 years 303 3 years 304 4 years 305 5 years 306 6 years 307 7 years 308 8 years 309 9 years 310 10 years 311 11 years 312 12 years 313 13 years 314 14 years 315 15 years 316 16 years 317 17 years 318 18 years 319 19 years 320 20 years 321 21 years 322 22 years 323 23 years 324 24 years 325 25 years 326 26 years 327 27 years 328 28 years 329 29 years 330 30 years 397 Years: Inconsistent 398 Years: Don't know 399 Years: Number missing 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death (non-imputed) (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (seventeenth-to-last-born child) 100 Less than 1 day 101 1 day 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 198 Days: Don't know 199 Days: Number missing 200 Less than 1 month 201 1 month 202 2 months 203 3 months 204 4 months 205 5 months 206 6 months 207 7 months 208 8 months 209 9 months 210 10 months 211 11 months 212 12 months 213 13 months 214 14 months 215 15 months 216 16 months 217 17 months 218 18 months 219 19 months 220 20 months 221 21 months 222 22 months 223 23 months 299 Months: Number missing 300 Less than 1 year 301 1 year 302 2 years 303 3 years 304 4 years 305 5 years 306 6 years 307 7 years 308 8 years 309 9 years 310 10 years 311 11 years 312 12 years 313 13 years 314 14 years 315 15 years 316 16 years 317 17 years 318 18 years 319 19 years 320 20 years 321 21 years 322 22 years 323 23 years 324 24 years 325 25 years 326 26 years 327 27 years 328 28 years 329 29 years 330 30 years 397 Years: Inconsistent 398 Years: Don't know 399 Years: Number missing 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death (non-imputed) (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (eighteenth-to-last-born child) 100 Less than 1 day 101 1 day 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 199 Days: Number missing 200 Less than 1 month 201 1 month 202 2 months 203 3 months 204 4 months 205 5 months 206 6 months 207 7 months 208 8 months 209 9 months 210 10 months 211 11 months 212 12 months 213 13 months 214 14 months 215 15 months 216 16 months 217 17 months 218 18 months 219 19 months 220 20 months 221 21 months 222 22 months 223 23 months 299 Months: Number missing 300 Less than 1 year 301 1 year 302 2 years 303 3 years 304 4 years 305 5 years 306 6 years 307 7 years 308 8 years 309 9 years 310 10 years 311 11 years 312 12 years 313 13 years 314 14 years 315 15 years 316 16 years 317 17 years 318 18 years 319 19 years 320 20 years 321 21 years 322 22 years 323 23 years 324 24 years 325 25 years 326 26 years 327 27 years 328 28 years 329 29 years 330 30 years 399 Years: Number missing 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death (non-imputed) (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (nineteenth-to-last-born child) 100 Less than 1 day 101 1 day 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 199 Days: Number missing 200 Less than 1 month 201 1 month 202 2 months 203 3 months 204 4 months 205 5 months 206 6 months 207 7 months 208 8 months 209 9 months 210 10 months 211 11 months 212 12 months 213 13 months 214 14 months 215 15 months 216 16 months 217 17 months 218 18 months 219 19 months 220 20 months 221 21 months 222 22 months 223 23 months 299 Months: Number missing 300 Less than 1 year 301 1 year 302 2 years 303 3 years 304 4 years 305 5 years 306 6 years 307 7 years 308 8 years 309 9 years 310 10 years 311 11 years 312 12 years 313 13 years 314 14 years 315 15 years 316 16 years 317 17 years 318 18 years 319 19 years 320 20 years 321 21 years 322 22 years 323 23 years 324 24 years 325 25 years 326 26 years 327 27 years 328 28 years 329 29 years 330 30 years 399 Years: Number missing 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death (non-imputed) (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child's age at death (non-imputed) (twentieth-to-last-born child) 100 Less than 1 day 101 1 day 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 199 Days: Number missing 200 Less than 1 month 201 1 month 202 2 months 203 3 months 204 4 months 205 5 months 206 6 months 207 7 months 208 8 months 209 9 months 210 10 months 211 11 months 212 12 months 213 13 months 214 14 months 215 15 months 216 16 months 217 17 months 218 18 months 219 19 months 220 20 months 221 21 months 222 22 months 223 23 months 299 Months: Number missing 300 Less than 1 year 301 1 year 302 2 years 303 3 years 304 4 years 305 5 years 306 6 years 307 7 years 308 8 years 309 9 years 310 10 years 311 11 years 312 12 years 313 13 years 314 14 years 315 15 years 316 16 years 317 17 years 318 18 years 319 19 years 320 20 years 321 21 years 322 22 years 323 23 years 324 24 years 325 25 years 326 26 years 327 27 years 328 28 years 329 29 years 330 30 years 399 Years: Number missing 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death in months (including imputed) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) 1 KIDAGEDIEDIMP_ALL available KIDAGEDIEDIMP _ALL (B7_x) reports the age of the deceased child at death in months (including imputed ages). KIDAGEDIEDIMP_ALL consists of a set of twenty separate variables, covering the most recent birth (KIDAGEDIEDIMP_01) up to the twentieth-most-recent birth (KIDAGEDIEDIMP_20) for a female respondent of childbearing age. If KIDAGEDIEDIMP_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. Information for this variable was collected on all births for a woman, up to a maximum of twenty. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to twenty births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 19 or 20 births). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 20 births and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then KIDAGEDIEDIMP_20 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (last birth) 220) IF DECEASED: How old was he/she when he/she died? IF '1 YR', PROBE: How many months old was (NAME)? RECORD DAYS IF LESS THAN ONE MONTH, MONTHS IF LESS THAN TWO YEARS, OR IN YEARS. DAYS: ___ 1 MONTHS: ___ 2 YEARS: ___ 3 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (second-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (second-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (second-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (second-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (second-to-last birth) 220) IF DECEASED: How old was he/she when he/she died? IF '1 YR', PROBE: How many months old was (NAME)? RECORD DAYS IF LESS THAN ONE MONTH, MONTHS IF LESS THAN TWO YEARS, OR IN YEARS. DAYS: ___ 1 MONTHS: ___ 2 YEARS: ___ 3 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (third-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (third-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (third-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (third-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (third-to-last birth) 220) IF DECEASED: How old was he/she when he/she died? IF '1 YR', PROBE: How many months old was (NAME)? RECORD DAYS IF LESS THAN ONE MONTH, MONTHS IF LESS THAN TWO YEARS, OR IN YEARS. DAYS: ___ 1 MONTHS: ___ 2 YEARS: ___ 3 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (fourth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (fourth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (fourth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (fourth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (fourth-to-last birth) 220) IF DECEASED: How old was he/she when he/she died? IF '1 YR', PROBE: How many months old was (NAME)? RECORD DAYS IF LESS THAN ONE MONTH, MONTHS IF LESS THAN TWO YEARS, OR IN YEARS. DAYS: ___ 1 MONTHS: ___ 2 YEARS: ___ 3 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (fifth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (fifth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (fifth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (fifth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (fifth-to-last birth) 220) IF DECEASED: How old was he/she when he/she died? IF '1 YR', PROBE: How many months old was (NAME)? RECORD DAYS IF LESS THAN ONE MONTH, MONTHS IF LESS THAN TWO YEARS, OR IN YEARS. DAYS: ___ 1 MONTHS: ___ 2 YEARS: ___ 3 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (sixth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (sixth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (sixth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (sixth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (sixth-to-last birth) 220) IF DECEASED: How old was he/she when he/she died? IF '1 YR', PROBE: How many months old was (NAME)? RECORD DAYS IF LESS THAN ONE MONTH, MONTHS IF LESS THAN TWO YEARS, OR IN YEARS. DAYS: ___ 1 MONTHS: ___ 2 YEARS: ___ 3 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (seventh-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (seventh-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (seventh-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (seventh-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (seventh-to-last birth) 220) IF DECEASED: How old was he/she when he/she died? IF '1 YR', PROBE: How many months old was (NAME)? RECORD DAYS IF LESS THAN ONE MONTH, MONTHS IF LESS THAN TWO YEARS, OR IN YEARS. DAYS: ___ 1 MONTHS: ___ 2 YEARS: ___ 3 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (eighth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (eighth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (eighth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (eighth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (eighth-to-last birth) 220) IF DECEASED: How old was he/she when he/she died? IF '1 YR', PROBE: How many months old was (NAME)? RECORD DAYS IF LESS THAN ONE MONTH, MONTHS IF LESS THAN TWO YEARS, OR IN YEARS. DAYS: ___ 1 MONTHS: ___ 2 YEARS: ___ 3 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (ninth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (ninth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (ninth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (ninth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (ninth-to-last birth) 220) IF DECEASED: How old was he/she when he/she died? IF '1 YR', PROBE: How many months old was (NAME)? RECORD DAYS IF LESS THAN ONE MONTH, MONTHS IF LESS THAN TWO YEARS, OR IN YEARS. DAYS: ___ 1 MONTHS: ___ 2 YEARS: ___ 3 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (tenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (tenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (tenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (tenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (tenth-to-last birth) 220) IF DECEASED: How old was he/she when he/she died? IF '1 YR', PROBE: How many months old was (NAME)? RECORD DAYS IF LESS THAN ONE MONTH, MONTHS IF LESS THAN TWO YEARS, OR IN YEARS. DAYS: ___ 1 MONTHS: ___ 2 YEARS: ___ 3 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (eleventh-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (eleventh-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (eleventh-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (eleventh-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (eleventh-to-last birth) 220) IF DECEASED: How old was he/she when he/she died? IF '1 YR', PROBE: How many months old was (NAME)? RECORD DAYS IF LESS THAN ONE MONTH, MONTHS IF LESS THAN TWO YEARS, OR IN YEARS. DAYS: ___ 1 MONTHS: ___ 2 YEARS: ___ 3 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (twelfth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (twelfth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (twelfth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (twelfth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (twelfth-to-last birth) 220) IF DECEASED: How old was he/she when he/she died? IF '1 YR', PROBE: How many months old was (NAME)? RECORD DAYS IF LESS THAN ONE MONTH, MONTHS IF LESS THAN TWO YEARS, OR IN YEARS. DAYS: ___ 1 MONTHS: ___ 2 YEARS: ___ 3 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (thirteenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (thirteenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (thirteenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (thirteenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (thirteenth-to-last birth) 220) IF DECEASED: How old was he/she when he/she died? IF '1 YR', PROBE: How many months old was (NAME)? RECORD DAYS IF LESS THAN ONE MONTH, MONTHS IF LESS THAN TWO YEARS, OR IN YEARS. DAYS: ___ 1 MONTHS: ___ 2 YEARS: ___ 3 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (fourteenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (fourteenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (fourteenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (fourteenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (fourteenth-to-last birth) 220) IF DECEASED: How old was he/she when he/she died? IF '1 YR', PROBE: How many months old was (NAME)? RECORD DAYS IF LESS THAN ONE MONTH, MONTHS IF LESS THAN TWO YEARS, OR IN YEARS. DAYS: ___ 1 MONTHS: ___ 2 YEARS: ___ 3 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (fifteenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (fifteenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (fifteenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (fifteenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (fifteenth-to-last birth) 220) IF DECEASED: How old was he/she when he/she died? IF '1 YR', PROBE: How many months old was (NAME)? RECORD DAYS IF LESS THAN ONE MONTH, MONTHS IF LESS THAN TWO YEARS, OR IN YEARS. DAYS: ___ 1 MONTHS: ___ 2 YEARS: ___ 3 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (sixteenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (sixteenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (sixteenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (sixteenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (sixteenth-to-last birth) 220) IF DECEASED: How old was he/she when he/she died? IF '1 YR', PROBE: How many months old was (NAME)? RECORD DAYS IF LESS THAN ONE MONTH, MONTHS IF LESS THAN TWO YEARS, OR IN YEARS. DAYS: ___ 1 MONTHS: ___ 2 YEARS: ___ 3 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (seventeenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (seventeenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (seventeenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (seventeenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (seventeenth-to-last birth) 220) IF DECEASED: How old was he/she when he/she died? IF '1 YR', PROBE: How many months old was (NAME)? RECORD DAYS IF LESS THAN ONE MONTH, MONTHS IF LESS THAN TWO YEARS, OR IN YEARS. DAYS: ___ 1 MONTHS: ___ 2 YEARS: ___ 3 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (eighteenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (eighteenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (eighteenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (eighteenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (eighteenth-to-last birth) 220) IF DECEASED: How old was he/she when he/she died? IF '1 YR', PROBE: How many months old was (NAME)? RECORD DAYS IF LESS THAN ONE MONTH, MONTHS IF LESS THAN TWO YEARS, OR IN YEARS. DAYS: ___ 1 MONTHS: ___ 2 YEARS: ___ 3 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (nineteenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (nineteenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (nineteenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (nineteenth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (nineteenth-to-last birth) 220) IF DECEASED: How old was he/she when he/she died? IF '1 YR', PROBE: How many months old was (NAME)? RECORD DAYS IF LESS THAN ONE MONTH, MONTHS IF LESS THAN TWO YEARS, OR IN YEARS. DAYS: ___ 1 MONTHS: ___ 2 YEARS: ___ 3 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (twentieth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (twentieth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (twentieth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (twentieth-to-last birth) Child's age at death in months (including imputed) (twentieth-to-last birth) 220) IF DECEASED: How old was he/she when he/she died? IF '1 YR', PROBE: How many months old was (NAME)? RECORD DAYS IF LESS THAN ONE MONTH, MONTHS IF LESS THAN TWO YEARS, OR IN YEARS. DAYS: ___ 1 MONTHS: ___ 2 YEARS: ___ 3 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flags for reported age at death of child Flags for reported age at death of child Flags for reported age at death of child Flags for reported age at death of child Flags for reported age at death of child 1 KIDAGEDEATHFLAG_ALL available KIDAGEDEATHFLAG_ALL (B13_x) reports the type of problem, if any, found when editing responses about the child's age at death (in KIDAGEDEATH_ALL). A code of 0 indicates no problem with the original response. KIDAGEDEATHFLAG_ALL consists of a set of twenty separate variables, covering the most recent birth (KIDAGEDEATHFLAG_01) up to the twentieth-most-recent birth (KIDAGEDEATHFLAG_20) for a female respondent of childbearing age. If KIDAGEDEATHFLAG_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. Information for this variable was collected on all births for a woman, up to a maximum of twenty births. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to twenty births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 19 or 20 births). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 20 births and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then KIDAGEDEATHFLAG_20 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Flags for reported age at death of child (last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (last-born child) 00 No flag 01 Reported age places death after interview 02 Reported age less than reported duration breastfeeding 03 Reported age less than age given supplemental food 04 Reported age less than age first breastfed 05 Reported age before last vaccination 06 Reported age outside expected range for units 07 Reported age was imputed, units given 08 Reported age was imputed, units not given 09 Reported age adjusted to give age in months 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flags for reported age at death of child (second-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (second-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (second-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (second-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (second-to-last-born child) 00 No flag 01 Reported age places death after interview 02 Reported age less than reported duration breastfeeding 03 Reported age less than age given supplemental food 04 Reported age less than age first breastfed 05 Reported age before last vaccination 06 Reported age outside expected range for units 07 Reported age was imputed, units given 08 Reported age was imputed, units not given 09 Reported age adjusted to give age in months 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flags for reported age at death of child (third-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (third-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (third-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (third-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (third-to-last-born child) 00 No flag 01 Reported age places death after interview 02 Reported age less than reported duration breastfeeding 03 Reported age less than age given supplemental food 04 Reported age less than age first breastfed 05 Reported age before last vaccination 06 Reported age outside expected range for units 07 Reported age was imputed, units given 08 Reported age was imputed, units not given 09 Reported age adjusted to give age in months 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flags for reported age at death of child (fourth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (fourth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (fourth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (fourth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (fourth-to-last-born child) 00 No flag 01 Reported age places death after interview 02 Reported age less than reported duration breastfeeding 03 Reported age less than age given supplemental food 04 Reported age less than age first breastfed 05 Reported age before last vaccination 06 Reported age outside expected range for units 07 Reported age was imputed, units given 08 Reported age was imputed, units not given 09 Reported age adjusted to give age in months 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flags for reported age at death of child (fifth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (fifth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (fifth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (fifth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (fifth-to-last-born child) 00 No flag 01 Reported age places death after interview 02 Reported age less than reported duration breastfeeding 03 Reported age less than age given supplemental food 04 Reported age less than age first breastfed 05 Reported age before last vaccination 06 Reported age outside expected range for units 07 Reported age was imputed, units given 08 Reported age was imputed, units not given 09 Reported age adjusted to give age in months 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flags for reported age at death of child (sixth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (sixth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (sixth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (sixth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (sixth-to-last-born child) 00 No flag 01 Reported age places death after interview 02 Reported age less than reported duration breastfeeding 03 Reported age less than age given supplemental food 04 Reported age less than age first breastfed 05 Reported age before last vaccination 06 Reported age outside expected range for units 07 Reported age was imputed, units given 08 Reported age was imputed, units not given 09 Reported age adjusted to give age in months 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flags for reported age at death of child (seventh-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (seventh-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (seventh-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (seventh-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (seventh-to-last-born child) 00 No flag 01 Reported age places death after interview 02 Reported age less than reported duration breastfeeding 03 Reported age less than age given supplemental food 04 Reported age less than age first breastfed 05 Reported age before last vaccination 06 Reported age outside expected range for units 07 Reported age was imputed, units given 08 Reported age was imputed, units not given 09 Reported age adjusted to give age in months 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flags for reported age at death of child (eighth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (eighth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (eighth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (eighth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (eighth-to-last-born child) 00 No flag 01 Reported age places death after interview 02 Reported age less than reported duration breastfeeding 03 Reported age less than age given supplemental food 04 Reported age less than age first breastfed 05 Reported age before last vaccination 06 Reported age outside expected range for units 07 Reported age was imputed, units given 08 Reported age was imputed, units not given 09 Reported age adjusted to give age in months 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flags for reported age at death of child (ninth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (ninth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (ninth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (ninth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (ninth-to-last-born child) 00 No flag 01 Reported age places death after interview 02 Reported age less than reported duration breastfeeding 03 Reported age less than age given supplemental food 04 Reported age less than age first breastfed 05 Reported age before last vaccination 06 Reported age outside expected range for units 07 Reported age was imputed, units given 08 Reported age was imputed, units not given 09 Reported age adjusted to give age in months 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flags for reported age at death of child (tenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (tenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (tenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (tenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (tenth-to-last-born child) 00 No flag 01 Reported age places death after interview 02 Reported age less than reported duration breastfeeding 03 Reported age less than age given supplemental food 04 Reported age less than age first breastfed 05 Reported age before last vaccination 06 Reported age outside expected range for units 07 Reported age was imputed, units given 08 Reported age was imputed, units not given 09 Reported age adjusted to give age in months 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flags for reported age at death of child (eleventh-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (eleventh-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (eleventh-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (eleventh-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (eleventh-to-last-born child) 00 No flag 01 Reported age places death after interview 02 Reported age less than reported duration breastfeeding 03 Reported age less than age given supplemental food 04 Reported age less than age first breastfed 05 Reported age before last vaccination 06 Reported age outside expected range for units 07 Reported age was imputed, units given 08 Reported age was imputed, units not given 09 Reported age adjusted to give age in months 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flags for reported age at death of child (twelfth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (twelfth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (twelfth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (twelfth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (twelfth-to-last-born child) 00 No flag 01 Reported age places death after interview 02 Reported age less than reported duration breastfeeding 03 Reported age less than age given supplemental food 04 Reported age less than age first breastfed 05 Reported age before last vaccination 06 Reported age outside expected range for units 07 Reported age was imputed, units given 08 Reported age was imputed, units not given 09 Reported age adjusted to give age in months 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flags for reported age at death of child (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (thirteenth-to-last-born child) 00 No flag 01 Reported age places death after interview 02 Reported age less than reported duration breastfeeding 03 Reported age less than age given supplemental food 04 Reported age less than age first breastfed 05 Reported age before last vaccination 06 Reported age outside expected range for units 07 Reported age was imputed, units given 08 Reported age was imputed, units not given 09 Reported age adjusted to give age in months 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flags for reported age at death of child (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (fourteenth-to-last-born child) 00 No flag 01 Reported age places death after interview 02 Reported age less than reported duration breastfeeding 03 Reported age less than age given supplemental food 04 Reported age less than age first breastfed 05 Reported age before last vaccination 06 Reported age outside expected range for units 07 Reported age was imputed, units given 08 Reported age was imputed, units not given 09 Reported age adjusted to give age in months 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flags for reported age at death of child (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (fifteenth-to-last-born child) 00 No flag 01 Reported age places death after interview 02 Reported age less than reported duration breastfeeding 03 Reported age less than age given supplemental food 04 Reported age less than age first breastfed 05 Reported age before last vaccination 06 Reported age outside expected range for units 07 Reported age was imputed, units given 08 Reported age was imputed, units not given 09 Reported age adjusted to give age in months 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flags for reported age at death of child (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (sixteenth-to-last-born child) 00 No flag 01 Reported age places death after interview 02 Reported age less than reported duration breastfeeding 03 Reported age less than age given supplemental food 04 Reported age less than age first breastfed 05 Reported age before last vaccination 06 Reported age outside expected range for units 07 Reported age was imputed, units given 08 Reported age was imputed, units not given 09 Reported age adjusted to give age in months 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flags for reported age at death of child (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (seventeenth-to-last-born child) 00 No flag 01 Reported age places death after interview 02 Reported age less than reported duration breastfeeding 03 Reported age less than age given supplemental food 04 Reported age less than age first breastfed 05 Reported age before last vaccination 06 Reported age outside expected range for units 07 Reported age was imputed, units given 08 Reported age was imputed, units not given 09 Reported age adjusted to give age in months 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flags for reported age at death of child (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (eighteenth-to-last-born child) 00 No flag 01 Reported age places death after interview 02 Reported age less than reported duration breastfeeding 03 Reported age less than age given supplemental food 04 Reported age less than age first breastfed 05 Reported age before last vaccination 06 Reported age outside expected range for units 07 Reported age was imputed, units given 08 Reported age was imputed, units not given 09 Reported age adjusted to give age in months 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flags for reported age at death of child (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (nineteenth-to-last-born child) 00 No flag 01 Reported age places death after interview 02 Reported age less than reported duration breastfeeding 03 Reported age less than age given supplemental food 04 Reported age less than age first breastfed 05 Reported age before last vaccination 06 Reported age outside expected range for units 07 Reported age was imputed, units given 08 Reported age was imputed, units not given 09 Reported age adjusted to give age in months 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flags for reported age at death of child (twentieth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (twentieth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (twentieth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (twentieth-to-last-born child) Flags for reported age at death of child (twentieth-to-last-born child) 00 No flag 01 Reported age places death after interview 02 Reported age less than reported duration breastfeeding 03 Reported age less than age given supplemental food 04 Reported age less than age first breastfed 05 Reported age before last vaccination 06 Reported age outside expected range for units 07 Reported age was imputed, units given 08 Reported age was imputed, units not given 09 Reported age adjusted to give age in months 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Current age of child in years Current age of child in years Current age of child in years Current age of child in years Current age of child in years 217) IF ALIVE: How old was (NAME) at his/her last birthday? RECORD AGE IN COMPLETED YEARS. AGE IN YEARS: ___ 1 KIDCURAGE_ALL available KIDCURAGE_ALL (B8_x) reports the current age of the living child, in years, at the time of the survey. KIDCURAGE_ALL consists of a set of twenty separate variables, covering the most recent birth (KIDCURAGE_01) up to the twentieth-most-recent birth (KIDCURAGE_20) for a female respondent of childbearing age. If KIDCURAGE_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. Information for this variable was collected on all births for a woman, up to a maximum of twenty births. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to twenty births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 19 or 20 births). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 20 births and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then KIDCURAGE_20 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Current age of child in years (last-born child) Current age of child in years (last-born child) Current age of child in years (last-born child) Current age of child in years (last-born child) Current age of child in years (last-born child) 217) IF ALIVE: How old was (NAME) at his/her last birthday? RECORD AGE IN COMPLETED YEARS. AGE IN YEARS: ___ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Current age of child in years (second-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (second-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (second-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (second-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (second-to-last-born child) 217) IF ALIVE: How old was (NAME) at his/her last birthday? RECORD AGE IN COMPLETED YEARS. AGE IN YEARS: ___ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Current age of child in years (third-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (third-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (third-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (third-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (third-to-last-born child) 217) IF ALIVE: How old was (NAME) at his/her last birthday? RECORD AGE IN COMPLETED YEARS. AGE IN YEARS: ___ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Current age of child in years (fourth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (fourth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (fourth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (fourth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (fourth-to-last-born child) 217) IF ALIVE: How old was (NAME) at his/her last birthday? RECORD AGE IN COMPLETED YEARS. AGE IN YEARS: ___ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Current age of child in years (fifth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (fifth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (fifth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (fifth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (fifth-to-last-born child) 217) IF ALIVE: How old was (NAME) at his/her last birthday? RECORD AGE IN COMPLETED YEARS. AGE IN YEARS: ___ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Current age of child in years (sixth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (sixth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (sixth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (sixth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (sixth-to-last-born child) 217) IF ALIVE: How old was (NAME) at his/her last birthday? RECORD AGE IN COMPLETED YEARS. AGE IN YEARS: ___ 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Current age of child in years (seventh-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (seventh-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (seventh-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (seventh-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (seventh-to-last-born child) 217) IF ALIVE: How old was (NAME) at his/her last birthday? RECORD AGE IN COMPLETED YEARS. AGE IN YEARS: ___ 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Current age of child in years (eighth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (eighth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (eighth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (eighth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (eighth-to-last-born child) 217) IF ALIVE: How old was (NAME) at his/her last birthday? RECORD AGE IN COMPLETED YEARS. AGE IN YEARS: ___ 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Current age of child in years (ninth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (ninth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (ninth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (ninth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (ninth-to-last-born child) 217) IF ALIVE: How old was (NAME) at his/her last birthday? RECORD AGE IN COMPLETED YEARS. AGE IN YEARS: ___ 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Current age of child in years (tenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (tenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (tenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (tenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (tenth-to-last-born child) 217) IF ALIVE: How old was (NAME) at his/her last birthday? RECORD AGE IN COMPLETED YEARS. AGE IN YEARS: ___ 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Current age of child in years (eleventh-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (eleventh-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (eleventh-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (eleventh-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (eleventh-to-last-born child) 217) IF ALIVE: How old was (NAME) at his/her last birthday? RECORD AGE IN COMPLETED YEARS. AGE IN YEARS: ___ 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Current age of child in years (twelfth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (twelfth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (twelfth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (twelfth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (twelfth-to-last-born child) 217) IF ALIVE: How old was (NAME) at his/her last birthday? RECORD AGE IN COMPLETED YEARS. AGE IN YEARS: ___ 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Current age of child in years (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (thirteenth-to-last-born child) 217) IF ALIVE: How old was (NAME) at his/her last birthday? RECORD AGE IN COMPLETED YEARS. AGE IN YEARS: ___ 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Current age of child in years (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (fourteenth-to-last-born child) 217) IF ALIVE: How old was (NAME) at his/her last birthday? RECORD AGE IN COMPLETED YEARS. AGE IN YEARS: ___ 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Current age of child in years (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (fifteenth-to-last-born child) 217) IF ALIVE: How old was (NAME) at his/her last birthday? RECORD AGE IN COMPLETED YEARS. AGE IN YEARS: ___ 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Current age of child in years (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (sixteenth-to-last-born child) 217) IF ALIVE: How old was (NAME) at his/her last birthday? RECORD AGE IN COMPLETED YEARS. AGE IN YEARS: ___ 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Current age of child in years (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (seventeenth-to-last-born child) 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Current age of child in years (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (eighteenth-to-last-born child) 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Current age of child in years (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (nineteenth-to-last-born child) 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Current age of child in years (twentieth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (twentieth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (twentieth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (twentieth-to-last-born child) Current age of child in years (twentieth-to-last-born child) 34 34 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child lives with female respondent or others Child lives with female respondent or others Child lives with female respondent or others Child lives with female respondent or others Child lives with female respondent or others 218) IF ALIVE: Is (NAME) living with you? YES 1 (GO TO NEXT BIRTH) NO 2 1 KIDLIVESWITH_ALL available KIDLIVESWITH_ALL (B9_x) reports the person with whom the child usually lives (i.e., the child's mother or someone else). KIDLIVESWITH_ALL consists of a set of twenty separate variables, covering the most recent birth (KIDLIVESWITH_01) up to the twentieth-most-recent birth (KIDLIVESWITH_20) for a female respondent of childbearing age. If KIDLIVESWITH_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. Information for this variable was collected on all births for a woman, up to a maximum of twenty births. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to twenty births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 19 or 20 births). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 20 births and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then KIDLIVESWITH_20 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Child lives with female respondent or others (last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (last-born child) 218) IF ALIVE: Is (NAME) living with you? YES 1 (GO TO NEXT BIRTH) NO 2 10 Woman respondent 20 Elsewhere 21 With father 22 With other relative 23 With someone else 24 Child age 15+, lives elsewhere 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child lives with female respondent or others (second-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (second-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (second-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (second-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (second-to-last-born child) 218) IF ALIVE: Is (NAME) living with you? YES 1 (GO TO NEXT BIRTH) NO 2 10 Woman respondent 20 Elsewhere 21 With father 22 With other relative 23 With someone else 24 Child age 15+, lives elsewhere 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child lives with female respondent or others (third-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (third-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (third-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (third-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (third-to-last-born child) 218) IF ALIVE: Is (NAME) living with you? YES 1 (GO TO NEXT BIRTH) NO 2 10 Woman respondent 20 Elsewhere 21 With father 22 With other relative 23 With someone else 24 Child age 15+, lives elsewhere 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child lives with female respondent or others (fourth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (fourth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (fourth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (fourth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (fourth-to-last-born child) 218) IF ALIVE: Is (NAME) living with you? YES 1 (GO TO NEXT BIRTH) NO 2 10 Woman respondent 20 Elsewhere 21 With father 22 With other relative 23 With someone else 24 Child age 15+, lives elsewhere 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child lives with female respondent or others (fifth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (fifth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (fifth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (fifth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (fifth-to-last-born child) 218) IF ALIVE: Is (NAME) living with you? YES 1 (GO TO NEXT BIRTH) NO 2 10 Woman respondent 20 Elsewhere 21 With father 22 With other relative 23 With someone else 24 Child age 15+, lives elsewhere 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child lives with female respondent or others (sixth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (sixth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (sixth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (sixth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (sixth-to-last-born child) 218) IF ALIVE: Is (NAME) living with you? YES 1 (GO TO NEXT BIRTH) NO 2 10 Woman respondent 20 Elsewhere 21 With father 22 With other relative 23 With someone else 24 Child age 15+, lives elsewhere 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child lives with female respondent or others (seventh-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (seventh-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (seventh-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (seventh-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (seventh-to-last-born child) 218) IF ALIVE: Is (NAME) living with you? YES 1 (GO TO NEXT BIRTH) NO 2 10 Woman respondent 20 Elsewhere 21 With father 22 With other relative 23 With someone else 24 Child age 15+, lives elsewhere 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child lives with female respondent or others (eighth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (eighth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (eighth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (eighth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (eighth-to-last-born child) 218) IF ALIVE: Is (NAME) living with you? YES 1 (GO TO NEXT BIRTH) NO 2 10 Woman respondent 20 Elsewhere 21 With father 22 With other relative 23 With someone else 24 Child age 15+, lives elsewhere 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child lives with female respondent or others (ninth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (ninth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (ninth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (ninth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (ninth-to-last-born child) 218) IF ALIVE: Is (NAME) living with you? YES 1 (GO TO NEXT BIRTH) NO 2 10 Woman respondent 20 Elsewhere 21 With father 22 With other relative 23 With someone else 24 Child age 15+, lives elsewhere 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child lives with female respondent or others (tenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (tenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (tenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (tenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (tenth-to-last-born child) 218) IF ALIVE: Is (NAME) living with you? YES 1 (GO TO NEXT BIRTH) NO 2 10 Woman respondent 20 Elsewhere 21 With father 22 With other relative 23 With someone else 24 Child age 15+, lives elsewhere 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child lives with female respondent or others (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (eleventh-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (eleventh-to-last-born child) 218) IF ALIVE: Is (NAME) living with you? YES 1 (GO TO NEXT BIRTH) NO 2 10 Woman respondent 20 Elsewhere 21 With father 22 With other relative 23 With someone else 24 Child age 15+, lives elsewhere 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child lives with female respondent or others (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (twelfth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (twelfth-to-last-born child) 218) IF ALIVE: Is (NAME) living with you? YES 1 (GO TO NEXT BIRTH) NO 2 10 Woman respondent 20 Elsewhere 21 With father 22 With other relative 23 With someone else 24 Child age 15+, lives elsewhere 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child lives with female respondent or others (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (thirteenth-to-last-born child) 218) IF ALIVE: Is (NAME) living with you? YES 1 (GO TO NEXT BIRTH) NO 2 10 Woman respondent 20 Elsewhere 21 With father 22 With other relative 23 With someone else 24 Child age 15+, lives elsewhere 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child lives with female respondent or others (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (fourteenth-to-last-born child) 218) IF ALIVE: Is (NAME) living with you? YES 1 (GO TO NEXT BIRTH) NO 2 10 Woman respondent 20 Elsewhere 21 With father 22 With other relative 23 With someone else 24 Child age 15+, lives elsewhere 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child lives with female respondent or others (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (fifteenth-to-last-born child) 218) IF ALIVE: Is (NAME) living with you? YES 1 (GO TO NEXT BIRTH) NO 2 10 Woman respondent 20 Elsewhere 21 With father 22 With other relative 23 With someone else 24 Child age 15+, lives elsewhere 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child lives with female respondent or others (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (sixteenth-to-last-born child) 218) IF ALIVE: Is (NAME) living with you? YES 1 (GO TO NEXT BIRTH) NO 2 10 Woman respondent 20 Elsewhere 21 With father 22 With other relative 23 With someone else 24 Child age 15+, lives elsewhere 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child lives with female respondent or others (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (seventeenth-to-last-born child) 10 Woman respondent 20 Elsewhere 21 With father 22 With other relative 23 With someone else 24 Child age 15+, lives elsewhere 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child lives with female respondent or others (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (eighteenth-to-last-born child) 10 Woman respondent 20 Elsewhere 21 With father 22 With other relative 23 With someone else 24 Child age 15+, lives elsewhere 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child lives with female respondent or others (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (nineteenth-to-last-born child) 10 Woman respondent 20 Elsewhere 21 With father 22 With other relative 23 With someone else 24 Child age 15+, lives elsewhere 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child lives with female respondent or others (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (twentieth-to-last-born child) Child lives with female respondent or others (twentieth-to-last-born child) 10 Woman respondent 20 Elsewhere 21 With father 22 With other relative 23 With someone else 24 Child age 15+, lives elsewhere 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 1 KIDAGEINFO_ALL available KIDAGEINFO_ALL (B10_x) reports the completeness of information about the child's age and date of birth. KIDAGEINFO_ALL consists of a set of twenty separate variables, covering the most recent birth (KIDAGEINFO_01) up to the twentieth-most-recent birth (KIDAGEINFO_20) for a female respondent of childbearing age. If KIDAGEINFO_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. Information for this variable was collected on all births for a woman, up to a maximum of twenty births. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to twenty births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 19 or 20 births). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 20 births and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then KIDAGEINFO_20 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 Month, year, and day complete 02 Month and year complete 03 Year and season 04 Year, season, and age - month imputed 05 Year and age - month imputed 06 Year and age - year ignored 07 Month and age - year imputed 08 Year - age calculated, month imputed 09 Year - age and month imputed 10 Age - year calculated, month imputed 11 Age - year and month imputed 12 Month - age, year imputed 13 None - all imputed 96 Inconsistent 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (second-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (second-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (second-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (second-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (second-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 Month, year, and day complete 02 Month and year complete 03 Year and season 04 Year, season, and age - month imputed 05 Year and age - month imputed 06 Year and age - year ignored 07 Month and age - year imputed 08 Year - age calculated, month imputed 09 Year - age and month imputed 10 Age - year calculated, month imputed 11 Age - year and month imputed 12 Month - age, year imputed 13 None - all imputed 96 Inconsistent 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (third-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (third-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (third-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (third-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (third-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 Month, year, and day complete 02 Month and year complete 03 Year and season 04 Year, season, and age - month imputed 05 Year and age - month imputed 06 Year and age - year ignored 07 Month and age - year imputed 08 Year - age calculated, month imputed 09 Year - age and month imputed 10 Age - year calculated, month imputed 11 Age - year and month imputed 12 Month - age, year imputed 13 None - all inputed 96 Inconsistent 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (fourth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (fourth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (fourth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (fourth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (fourth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 Month, year, and day complete 02 Month and year complete 03 Year and season 04 Year, season, and age - month imputed 05 Year and age - month imputed 06 Year and age - year ignored 07 Month and age - year imputed 08 Year - age calculated, month imputed 09 Year - age and month imputed 10 Age - year calculated, month imputed 11 Age - year and month imputed 12 Month - age, year imputed 13 None - all imputed 96 Inconsistent 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (fifth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (fifth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (fifth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (fifth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (fifth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 Month, year, and day complete 02 Month and year complete 03 Year and season 04 Year, season, and age - month imputed 05 Year and age - month imputed 06 Year and age - year ignored 07 Month and age - year imputed 08 Year - age calculated, month imputed 09 Year - age and month imputed 10 Age - year calculated, month imputed 11 Age - year and month imputed 12 Month - age, year imputed 13 None - all imputed 96 Inconsistent 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (sixth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (sixth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (sixth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (sixth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (sixth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 Month, year, and day complete 02 Month and year complete 03 Year and season 04 Year, season, and age - month imputed 05 Year and age - month imputed 06 Year and age - year ignored 07 Month and age - year imputed 08 Year - age calculated, month imputed 09 Year - age and month imputed 10 Age - year calculated, month imputed 11 Age - year and month imputed 12 Month - age, year imputed 13 None - all imputed 96 Inconsistent 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (seventh-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (seventh-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (seventh-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (seventh-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (seventh-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 Month, year, and day complete 02 Month and year complete 03 Year and season 04 Year, season, and age - month imputed 05 Year and age - month imputed 06 Year and age - year ignored 07 Month and age - year imputed 08 Year - age calculated, month imputed 09 Year - age and month imputed 10 Age - year calculated, month imputed 11 Age - year and month imputed 12 Month - age, year imputed 13 None - all imputed 96 Inconsistent 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (eighth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (eighth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (eighth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (eighth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (eighth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 Month, year, and day complete 02 Month and year complete 03 Year and season 04 Year, season, and age - month imputed 05 Year and age - month imputed 06 Year and age - year ignored 07 Month and age - year imputed 08 Year - age calculated, month imputed 09 Year - age and month imputed 10 Age - year calculated, month imputed 11 Age - year and month imputed 12 Month - age, year imputed 13 None - all imputed 96 Inconsistent 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (ninth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (ninth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (ninth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (ninth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (ninth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 Month, year, and day complete 02 Month and year complete 03 Year and season 04 Year, season, and age - month imputed 05 Year and age - month imputed 06 Year and age - year ignored 07 Month and age - year imputed 08 Year - age calculated, month imputed 09 Year - age and month imputed 10 Age - year calculated, month imputed 11 Age - year and month imputed 12 Month - age, year imputed 13 None - all imputed 96 Inconsistent 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (tenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (tenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (tenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (tenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (tenth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 Month, year, and day complete 02 Month and year complete 03 Year and season 04 Year, season, and age - month imputed 05 Year and age - month imputed 06 Year and age - year ignored 07 Month and age - year imputed 08 Year - age calculated, month imputed 09 Year - age and month imputed 10 Age - year calculated, month imputed 11 Age - year and month imputed 12 Month - age, year imputed 13 None - all imputed 96 Inconsistent 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (eleventh-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (eleventh-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (eleventh-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (eleventh-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (eleventh-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 Month, year, and day complete 02 Month and year complete 03 Year and season 04 Year, season, and age - month imputed 05 Year and age - month imputed 06 Year and age - year ignored 07 Month and age - year imputed 08 Year - age calculated, month imputed 09 Year - age and month imputed 10 Age - year calculated, month imputed 11 Age - year and month imputed 12 Month - age, year imputed 13 None - all imputed 96 Inconsistent 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (twelfth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (twelfth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (twelfth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (twelfth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (twelfth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 Month, year, and day complete 02 Month and year complete 03 Year and season 04 Year, season, and age - month imputed 05 Year and age - month imputed 06 Year and age - year ignored 07 Month and age - year imputed 08 Year - age calculated, month imputed 09 Year - age and month imputed 10 Age - year calculated, month imputed 11 Age - year and month imputed 12 Month - age, year imputed 13 None - all imputed 96 Inconsistent 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (thirteenth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 Month, year, and day complete 02 Month and year complete 03 Year and season 04 Year, season, and age - month imputed 05 Year and age - month imputed 06 Year and age - year ignored 07 Month and age - year imputed 08 Year - age calculated, month imputed 09 Year - age and month imputed 10 Age - year calculated, month imputed 11 Age - year and month imputed 12 Month - age, year imputed 13 None - all imputed 96 Inconsistent 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (fourteenth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 Month, year, and day complete 02 Month and year complete 03 Year and season 04 Year, season, and age - month imputed 05 Year and age - month imputed 06 Year and age - year ignored 07 Month and age - year imputed 08 Year - age calculated, month imputed 09 Year - age and month imputed 10 Age - year calculated, month imputed 11 Age - year and month imputed 12 Month - age, year imputed 13 None - all imputed 96 Inconsistent 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (fifteenth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 Month, year, and day complete 02 Month and year complete 03 Year and season 04 Year, season, and age - month imputed 05 Year and age - month imputed 06 Year and age - year ignored 07 Month and age - year imputed 08 Year - age calculated, month imputed 09 Year- age and month imputed 10 Age - year calculated, month imputed 11 Age - year and month imputed 12 Month - age, year imputed 13 None - all imputed 96 Inconsistent 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (sixteenth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 Month, year, and day complete 02 Month and year complete 03 Year and season 04 Year, season, and age - month imputed 05 Year and age - month imputed 06 Year and age - year ignored 07 Month and age - year imputed 08 Year - age calculated, month imputed 09 Year - age and month imputed 10 Age - year calculated, month imputed 11 Age - year and month imputed 12 Month - age, year imputed 13 None - all imputed 96 Inconsistent 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (seventeenth-to-last-born child) 01 Month, year, and day complete 02 Month and year complete 03 Year and season 04 Year, season, and age - month imputed 05 Year and age - month imputed 06 Year and age - year ignored 07 Month and age - year imputed 08 Year - age calculated, month imputed 09 Year - age and month imputed 10 Age - year calculated, month imputed 11 Age - year and month imputed 12 Month - age, year imputed 13 None - all imputed 96 Inconsistent 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (eighteenth-to-last-born child) 01 Month, year, and day complete 02 Month and year complete 03 Year and season 04 Year, season, and age - month imputed 05 Year and age - month imputed 06 Year and age - year ignored 07 Month and age - year imputed 08 Year - age calculated, month imputed 09 Year - age and month imputed 10 Age - year calculated, month imputed 11 Age - year and month imputed 12 Month - age, year imputed 13 None - all imputed 96 Inconsistent 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (nineteenth-to-last-born child) 01 Month, year, and day complete 02 Month and year complete 03 Year and season 04 Year, season, and age - month imputed 05 Year and age - month imputed 06 Year and age - year ignored 07 Month and age - year imputed 08 Year - age calculated, month imputed 09 Year - age and month imputed 10 Age - year calculated, month imputed 11 Age - year and month imputed 12 Month - age, year imputed 13 None - all imputed 96 Inconsistent 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (twentieth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (twentieth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (twentieth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (twentieth-to-last-born child) Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth (twentieth-to-last-born child) 01 Month, year, and day complete 02 Month and year complete 03 Year and season 04 Year, season, and age - month imputed 05 Year and age - month imputed 06 Year and age - year ignored 07 Month and age - year imputed 08 Year - age calculated, month imputed 09 Year - age and month imputed 10 Age - year calculated, month imputed 11 Age - year and month imputed 12 Month - age, year imputed 13 None - all imputed 96 Inconsistent 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of preceeding birth interval, in months Length of preceeding birth interval, in months Length of preceeding birth interval, in months Length of preceeding birth interval, in months Length of preceeding birth interval, in months 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 1 BIRTHINTPREMO_ALL available BIRTHINTPREMO_ALL (B11_x) reports the preceding birth interval, or the length of time in months until the child was born, after the mother's previous birth (i.e., after the child's next oldest sibling). Because BIRTHINTPREMO_ALL relates to the child's older sibling, first-born children and twins of first-born children are not included in this variable set. BIRTHINTPREMO_ALL consists of a set of twenty separate variables, covering the most recent birth (BIRTHINTPREMO_01) up to the twentieth-most-recent birth (BIRTHINTPREMO_20) for a female respondent of childbearing age. If BIRTHINTPREMO_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. Information for this variable was collected on all births for a woman, up to a maximum of twenty. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to twenty births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 19 or 20 births). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 20 births and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then BIRTHINTPREMO_20 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (second-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (second-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (second-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (second-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (second-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (third-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (third-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (third-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (third-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (third-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (fourth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (fourth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (fourth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (fourth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (fourth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (fifth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (fifth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (fifth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (fifth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (fifth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (sixth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (sixth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (sixth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (sixth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (sixth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (seventh-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (seventh-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (seventh-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (seventh-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (seventh-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (eighth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (eighth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (eighth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (eighth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (eighth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (ninth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (ninth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (ninth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (ninth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (ninth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (tenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (tenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (tenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (tenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (tenth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (eleventh-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (eleventh-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (eleventh-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (eleventh-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (eleventh-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (twelfth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (twelfth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (twelfth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (twelfth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (twelfth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (thirteenth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (fourteenth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (fifteenth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (sixteenth-to-last-born child) 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (seventeenth-to-last-born child) 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (eighteenth-to-last-born child) 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Length of preceeding birth interval, in months (nineteenth-to-last-born child) 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of following birth interval, in months Length of following birth interval, in months Length of following birth interval, in months Length of following birth interval, in months Length of following birth interval, in months 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 1 BIRTHINTPOSTMO_ALL available BIRTHINTPOSTMO_ALL (B12_x) reports the succeeding birth interval, or the length of time in months, after the child was born, until the mother's next birth (i.e., before the child's next youngest sibling). Because BIRTHINTPOSTMO_ALL relates to the child's younger sibling, last-born children and twins of last-born children are not included in this variable set. BIRTHINTPOSTMO_ALL consists of a set of nineteen separate variables, covering the second-most-recent birth (BIRTHINTPOSTMO_02) up to the twentieth-most-recent birth (BIRTHINTPOSTMO_20) for a female respondent of childbearing age. If BIRTHINTPOSTMO_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. Information for this variable was collected on all but the most recent birth for a woman, up to a maximum of her twentieth birth. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to the twentieth births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had a 19th or 20th birth). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 20 births and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then BIRTHINTPOSTMO_20 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Length of following birth interval, in months (second-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (second-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (second-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (second-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (second-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of following birth interval, in months (third-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (third-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (third-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (third-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (third-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of following birth interval, in months (fourth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (fourth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (fourth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (fourth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (fourth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of following birth interval, in months (fifth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (fifth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (fifth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (fifth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (fifth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of following birth interval, in months (sixth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (sixth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (sixth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (sixth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (sixth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of following birth interval, in months (seventh-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (seventh-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (seventh-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (seventh-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (seventh-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of following birth interval, in months (eighth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (eighth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (eighth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (eighth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (eighth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of following birth interval, in months (ninth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (ninth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (ninth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (ninth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (ninth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of following birth interval, in months (tenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (tenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (tenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (tenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (tenth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of following birth interval, in months (eleventh-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (eleventh-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (eleventh-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (eleventh-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (eleventh-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of following birth interval, in months (twelfth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (twelfth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (twelfth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (twelfth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (twelfth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of following birth interval, in months (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (thirteenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (thirteenth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of following birth interval, in months (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (fourteenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (fourteenth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of following birth interval, in months (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (fifteenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (fifteenth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of following birth interval, in months (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (sixteenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (sixteenth-to-last-born child) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of following birth interval, in months (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (seventeenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (seventeenth-to-last-born child) 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of following birth interval, in months (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (eighteenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (eighteenth-to-last-born child) 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of following birth interval, in months (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (nineteenth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (nineteenth-to-last-born child) 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Length of following birth interval, in months (twentieth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (twentieth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (twentieth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (twentieth-to-last-born child) Length of following birth interval, in months (twentieth-to-last-born child) 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Size of child at birth (subjective report) Size of child at birth (subjective report) Size of child at birth (subjective report) Size of child at birth (subjective report) Size of child at birth (subjective report) 415) When (NAME) was born, was he/she very large, larger than average, average, smaller than average, or very small? VERY LARGE 1 LARGER THAN AVERAGE 2 AVERAGE 3 SMALLER THAN AVERAGE 4 VERY SMALL 5 DON'T KNOW 8 1 BIRTHSZ_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, BIRTHSZ_ALL (M18_x) indicates the size of child at birth, reported subjectively. BIRTHSZ_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (BIRTHSZ_01) up to, potentially, the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., BIRTHSZ_02, BIRTHSZ_03, BIRTHSZ_04, BIRTHSZ_05, and BIRTHSZ_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If BIRTHSZ_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. This information was collected for all births within the reference period preceding the survey. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then BIRTHSZ_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Size of child at birth (subjective report) (last birth) Size of child at birth (subjective report) (last birth) Size of child at birth (subjective report) (last birth) Size of child at birth (subjective report) (last birth) Size of child at birth (subjective report) (last birth) 415) When (NAME) was born, was he/she very large, larger than average, average, smaller than average, or very small? VERY LARGE 1 LARGER THAN AVERAGE 2 AVERAGE 3 SMALLER THAN AVERAGE 4 VERY SMALL 5 DON'T KNOW 8 10 Large 11 Very large 12 Larger than average 20 Average 30 Small 31 Smaller than average 32 Very small 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) See BIRTHSZ_ALL. IPUMS Size of child at birth (subjective report) (second to last birth) Size of child at birth (subjective report) (second to last birth) Size of child at birth (subjective report) (second to last birth) Size of child at birth (subjective report) (second to last birth) Size of child at birth (subjective report) (second to last birth) 415) When (NAME) was born, was he/she very large, larger than average, average, smaller than average, or very small? VERY LARGE 1 LARGER THAN AVERAGE 2 AVERAGE 3 SMALLER THAN AVERAGE 4 VERY SMALL 5 DON'T KNOW 8 10 Large 11 Very large 12 Larger than average 20 Average 30 Small 31 Smaller than average 32 Very small 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Size of child at birth (subjective report) (third to last birth) Size of child at birth (subjective report) (third to last birth) Size of child at birth (subjective report) (third to last birth) Size of child at birth (subjective report) (third to last birth) Size of child at birth (subjective report) (third to last birth) 415) When (NAME) was born, was he/she very large, larger than average, average, smaller than average, or very small? VERY LARGE 1 LARGER THAN AVERAGE 2 AVERAGE 3 SMALLER THAN AVERAGE 4 VERY SMALL 5 DON'T KNOW 8 10 Large 11 Very large 12 Larger than average 20 Average 30 Small 31 Smaller than average 32 Very small 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Size of child at birth (subjective report) (fourth to last birth) Size of child at birth (subjective report) (fourth to last birth) Size of child at birth (subjective report) (fourth to last birth) Size of child at birth (subjective report) (fourth to last birth) Size of child at birth (subjective report) (fourth to last birth) 415) When (NAME) was born, was he/she very large, larger than average, average, smaller than average, or very small? VERY LARGE 1 LARGER THAN AVERAGE 2 AVERAGE 3 SMALLER THAN AVERAGE 4 VERY SMALL 5 DON'T KNOW 8 10 Large 11 Very large 12 Larger than average 20 Average 30 Small 31 Smaller than average 32 Very small 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Size of child at birth (subjective report) (fifth to last birth) Size of child at birth (subjective report) (fifth to last birth) Size of child at birth (subjective report) (fifth to last birth) Size of child at birth (subjective report) (fifth to last birth) Size of child at birth (subjective report) (fifth to last birth) 415) When (NAME) was born, was he/she very large, larger than average, average, smaller than average, or very small? VERY LARGE 1 LARGER THAN AVERAGE 2 AVERAGE 3 SMALLER THAN AVERAGE 4 VERY SMALL 5 DON'T KNOW 8 10 Large 11 Very large 12 Larger than average 20 Average 30 Small 31 Smaller than average 32 Very small 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Size of child at birth (subjective report) (sixth to last birth) Size of child at birth (subjective report) (sixth to last birth) Size of child at birth (subjective report) (sixth to last birth) Size of child at birth (subjective report) (sixth to last birth) Size of child at birth (subjective report) (sixth to last birth) 10 Large 11 Very large 12 Larger than average 20 Average 30 Small 31 Smaller than average 32 Very small 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Birthweight in kilos Birthweight in kilos Birthweight in kilos Birthweight in kilos Birthweight in kilos 417) How much did he/she weigh? KILOGRAMS: ___ DON'T KNOW 9998 1 BIRTHWT_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, BIRTHWT_ALL (M19_x) reports the child's birthweight in kilos with three implied decimal places (or, alternatively stated, in grams with no decimal places). Children who were not weighed are coded 9996. BIRTHWT_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (BIRTHWT_01) up to, potentially, the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., BIRTHWT_02, BIRTHWT_03, BIRTHWT_04, BIRTHWT_05, and BIRTHWT_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If BIRTHWT_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. This information was collected for all births within the reference period preceding the survey. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then BIRTHWT_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Birthweight in kilos (last birth) Birthweight in kilos (last birth) Birthweight in kilos (last birth) Birthweight in kilos (last birth) Birthweight in kilos (last birth) 417) How much did he/she weigh? KILOGRAMS: ___ DON'T KNOW 9998 9995 9995+ 9996 Not weighed at birth 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, BIRTHWT_01 (M19_1) reports the last-born child's birthweight in kilos with three implied decimal places (or, alternatively stated, in grams with no decimal places). Children who were not weighed are coded 9996. IPUMS Birthweight in kilos (second to last birth) Birthweight in kilos (second to last birth) Birthweight in kilos (second to last birth) Birthweight in kilos (second to last birth) Birthweight in kilos (second to last birth) 417) How much did he/she weigh? KILOGRAMS: ___ DON'T KNOW 9998 9995 9995+ 9996 Not weighed at birth 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Birthweight in kilos (third to last birth) Birthweight in kilos (third to last birth) Birthweight in kilos (third to last birth) Birthweight in kilos (third to last birth) Birthweight in kilos (third to last birth) 417) How much did he/she weigh? KILOGRAMS: ___ DON'T KNOW 9998 9995 9995+ 9996 Not weighed at birth 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Birthweight in kilos (fourth to last birth) Birthweight in kilos (fourth to last birth) Birthweight in kilos (fourth to last birth) Birthweight in kilos (fourth to last birth) Birthweight in kilos (fourth to last birth) 417) How much did he/she weigh? KILOGRAMS: ___ DON'T KNOW 9998 9995 9995+ 9996 Not weighed at birth 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Birthweight in kilos (fifth to last birth) Birthweight in kilos (fifth to last birth) Birthweight in kilos (fifth to last birth) Birthweight in kilos (fifth to last birth) Birthweight in kilos (fifth to last birth) 417) How much did he/she weigh? KILOGRAMS: ___ DON'T KNOW 9998 9995 9995+ 9996 Not weighed at birth 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Birthweight in kilos (sixth to last birth) Birthweight in kilos (sixth to last birth) Birthweight in kilos (sixth to last birth) Birthweight in kilos (sixth to last birth) Birthweight in kilos (sixth to last birth) 9995 9995+ 9996 Not weighed at birth 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Premature birth Premature birth Premature birth Premature birth Premature birth 413) Was (NAME) born on time or prematurely? ON TIME 1 PREMATURELY 2 DON'T KNOW 8 1 PREMATBR_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, PREMATBR_ALL (M16_x) indicates whether the child was born on time or prematurely. PREMATBR_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (PREMATBR_01) up to the sixth most recent birth (PREMATRBR_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If PREMATRBR_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. This information was collected for all births within the reference period preceding the survey. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then PREMATBR_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Premature birth (last birth) Premature birth (last birth) Premature birth (last birth) Premature birth (last birth) Premature birth (last birth) 413) Was (NAME) born on time or prematurely? ON TIME 1 PREMATURELY 2 DON'T KNOW 8 00 On time 10 Premature 11 Less than 7 months 12 7 to 8 months 20 Overdue 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, PREMATBR_01 (M16_1) indicates whether the child was born on time or prematurely (for the last birth). IPUMS Premature birth (second to last birth) Premature birth (second to last birth) Premature birth (second to last birth) Premature birth (second to last birth) Premature birth (second to last birth) 413) Was (NAME) born on time or prematurely? ON TIME 1 PREMATURELY 2 DON'T KNOW 8 00 On time 10 Premature 11 Less than 7 months 12 7 to 8 months 20 Overdue 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Premature birth (third to last birth) Premature birth (third to last birth) Premature birth (third to last birth) Premature birth (third to last birth) Premature birth (third to last birth) 413) Was (NAME) born on time or prematurely? ON TIME 1 PREMATURELY 2 DON'T KNOW 8 00 On time 10 Premature 11 Less than 7 months 12 7 to 8 months 20 Overdue 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Premature birth (fourth to last birth) Premature birth (fourth to last birth) Premature birth (fourth to last birth) Premature birth (fourth to last birth) Premature birth (fourth to last birth) 413) Was (NAME) born on time or prematurely? ON TIME 1 PREMATURELY 2 DON'T KNOW 8 00 On time 10 Premature 11 Less than 7 months 12 7 to 8 months 20 Overdue 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Premature birth (fifth to last birth) Premature birth (fifth to last birth) Premature birth (fifth to last birth) Premature birth (fifth to last birth) Premature birth (fifth to last birth) 413) Was (NAME) born on time or prematurely? ON TIME 1 PREMATURELY 2 DON'T KNOW 8 00 On time 10 Premature 11 Less than 7 months 12 7 to 8 months 20 Overdue 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Premature birth (sixth to last birth) Premature birth (sixth to last birth) Premature birth (sixth to last birth) Premature birth (sixth to last birth) Premature birth (sixth to last birth) 00 On time 10 Premature 11 Less than 7 months 12 7 to 8 months 20 Overdue 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Time wanted pregnancy Time wanted pregnancy Time wanted pregnancy Time wanted pregnancy Time wanted pregnancy 403) At the time you became pregnant with (NAME), did you want to become pregnant then, did you want to wait until later, or did you want no more children at all? THEN 1 (GO TO 405) LATER 2 NO MORE 3 (GO TO 405) 1 Then 2 Later 3 No more 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, CHDESIRE_ALL (M10_x) indicates whether the child was wanted at the time of pregnancy, was wanted but later, or was not wanted at all. CHDESIRE_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (CHDESIRE_01) up to, potentially, the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., CHDESIRE_02, CHDESIRE_03, CHDESIRE_04, CHDESIRE_05, and CHDESIRE_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If CHDESIRE_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. This information was collected for all births within the reference period preceding the survey. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then CHDESIRE_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Time wanted pregnancy (last birth) Time wanted pregnancy (last birth) Time wanted pregnancy (last birth) Time wanted pregnancy (last birth) Time wanted pregnancy (last birth) 403) At the time you became pregnant with (NAME), did you want to become pregnant then, did you want to wait until later, or did you want no more children at all? THEN 1 (GO TO 405) LATER 2 NO MORE 3 (GO TO 405) 1 Then 2 Later 3 No more 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, CHDESIRE_01 (M10_1) indicates whether the last-born child was wanted at the time of pregnancy, was wanted but later, or was not wanted at all. IPUMS Time wanted pregnancy (second to last birth) Time wanted pregnancy (second to last birth) Time wanted pregnancy (second to last birth) Time wanted pregnancy (second to last birth) Time wanted pregnancy (second to last birth) 403) At the time you became pregnant with (NAME), did you want to become pregnant then, did you want to wait until later, or did you want no more children at all? THEN 1 (GO TO 405) LATER 2 NO MORE 3 (GO TO 405) 1 Then 2 Later 3 No more 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Time wanted pregnancy (third to last birth) Time wanted pregnancy (third to last birth) Time wanted pregnancy (third to last birth) Time wanted pregnancy (third to last birth) Time wanted pregnancy (third to last birth) 403) At the time you became pregnant with (NAME), did you want to become pregnant then, did you want to wait until later, or did you want no more children at all? THEN 1 (GO TO 405) LATER 2 NO MORE 3 (GO TO 405) 1 Then 2 Later 3 No more 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Time wanted pregnancy (fourth to last birth) Time wanted pregnancy (fourth to last birth) Time wanted pregnancy (fourth to last birth) Time wanted pregnancy (fourth to last birth) Time wanted pregnancy (fourth to last birth) 403) At the time you became pregnant with (NAME), did you want to become pregnant then, did you want to wait until later, or did you want no more children at all? THEN 1 (GO TO 405) LATER 2 NO MORE 3 (GO TO 405) 1 Then 2 Later 3 No more 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Time wanted pregnancy (fifth to last birth) Time wanted pregnancy (fifth to last birth) Time wanted pregnancy (fifth to last birth) Time wanted pregnancy (fifth to last birth) Time wanted pregnancy (fifth to last birth) 403) At the time you became pregnant with (NAME), did you want to become pregnant then, did you want to wait until later, or did you want no more children at all? THEN 1 (GO TO 405) LATER 2 NO MORE 3 (GO TO 405) 1 Then 2 Later 3 No more 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Time wanted pregnancy (sixth to last birth) Time wanted pregnancy (sixth to last birth) Time wanted pregnancy (sixth to last birth) Time wanted pregnancy (sixth to last birth) Time wanted pregnancy (sixth to last birth) 1 Then 2 Later 3 No more 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Time wanted to wait before pregnancy Time wanted to wait before pregnancy Time wanted to wait before pregnancy Time wanted to wait before pregnancy Time wanted to wait before pregnancy 404) How much longer would you have liked to have waited? MONTHS: ___ 1 YEARS: ___ 2 DON'T KNOW 998 1 CHDESIREL_ALL available For women who gave birth in the three to five years before the survey and who wanted to become pregnant later, CHDESIREL_ALL (M11_x) reports the length of time they would have wanted to wait. Following DHS convention, intervals reported in weeks are coded with a "1" in the first digit, while intervals reported in years are coded with a "2" in the first digit. CHDESIREL_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (CHDESIREL_01) up to, potentially, the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., CHDESIREREL_02, CHDESIREL_03, CHDESIREREL_04, CHDESIREL_05, and CHDESIREL_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If CHDESIREL_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For nearly all samples, this information was collected for all births within the reference period preceding the survey. (See Comparability for information about exceptions.) In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then CHDESIREL_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (last birth) Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (last birth) Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (last birth) Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (last birth) Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (last birth) 404) How much longer would you have liked to have waited? MONTHS: ___ 1 YEARS: ___ 2 DON'T KNOW 998 100 MONTHS 101 1 month 102 2 months 103 3 104 4 105 5 106 6 107 7 108 8 109 9 110 10 111 11 112 12 113 13 114 14 115 15 116 16 117 17 118 18 119 19 120 20 121 21 122 22 123 23 124 24 125 25 126 26 127 27 128 28 129 29 130 30 131 31 132 32 133 33 134 34 135 35 136 36 137 37 138 38 139 39 140 40 141 41 142 42 143 43 144 44 145 45 146 46 147 47 148 48 149 49 150 50 151 51 152 52 153 53 154 54 155 55 156 56 157 57 158 58 159 59 160 60 161 61 162 62 163 63 164 64 165 65 166 66 167 67 168 68 169 69 170 70 171 71 172 72 173 73 174 74 175 75 176 76 177 77 178 78 179 79 180 80 181 81 182 82 183 83 184 84 185 85 186 86 187 87 188 88 189 89 190 90 191 91 192 92 193 93 194 94 195 95 196 96 197 97 198 98 199 Weeks, number missing 200 YEARS 201 1 year 202 2 years 203 3 204 4 205 5 206 6 207 7 208 8 209 9 210 10 211 11 212 12 213 13 214 14 215 15 216 16 217 17 218 18 219 19 220 20 221 21 222 22 223 23 224 24 225 25 226 26 227 27 228 28 229 29 230 30+ 299 Years, number missing 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) See CHDESIREL_ALL. IPUMS Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (second to last birth) Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (second to last birth) Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (second to last birth) Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (second to last birth) Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (second to last birth) 404) How much longer would you have liked to have waited? MONTHS: ___ 1 YEARS: ___ 2 DON'T KNOW 998 100 MONTHS 101 1 month 102 2 months 103 3 104 4 105 5 106 6 107 7 108 8 109 9 110 10 111 11 112 12 113 13 114 14 115 15 116 16 117 17 118 18 119 19 120 20 121 21 122 22 123 23 124 24 125 25 126 26 127 27 128 28 129 29 130 30 131 31 132 32 133 33 134 34 135 35 136 36 137 37 138 38 139 39 140 40 141 41 142 42 143 43 144 44 145 45 146 46 147 47 148 48 149 49 150 50 151 51 152 52 153 53 154 54 155 55 156 56 157 57 158 58 159 59 160 60 161 61 162 62 163 63 164 64 165 65 166 66 167 67 168 68 169 69 170 70 171 71 172 72 173 73 174 74 175 75 176 76 177 77 178 78 179 79 180 80 181 81 182 82 183 83 184 84 185 85 186 86 187 87 188 88 189 89 190 90 191 91 192 92 193 93 194 94 195 95 196 96 197 97 198 98 199 Months, number missing 200 YEARS 201 1 year 202 2 years 203 3 204 4 205 5 206 6 207 7 208 8 209 9 210 10 211 11 212 12 213 13 214 14 215 15 216 16 217 17 218 18 219 19 220 20 221 21 222 22 223 23 224 24 225 25 226 26 227 27 228 28 229 29 230 30+ 299 Years, number missing 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (third to last birth) Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (third to last birth) Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (third to last birth) Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (third to last birth) Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (third to last birth) 404) How much longer would you have liked to have waited? MONTHS: ___ 1 YEARS: ___ 2 DON'T KNOW 998 100 MONTHS 101 1 month 102 2 months 103 3 104 4 105 5 106 6 107 7 108 8 109 9 110 10 111 11 112 12 113 13 114 14 115 15 116 16 117 17 118 18 119 19 120 20 121 21 122 22 123 23 124 24 125 25 126 26 127 27 128 28 129 29 130 30 131 31 132 32 133 33 134 34 135 35 136 36 137 37 138 38 139 39 140 40 141 41 142 42 143 43 144 44 145 45 146 46 147 47 148 48 149 49 150 50 151 51 152 52 153 53 154 54 155 55 156 56 157 57 158 58 159 59 160 60 161 61 162 62 163 63 164 64 165 65 166 66 167 67 168 68 169 69 170 70 171 71 172 72 173 73 174 74 175 75 176 76 177 77 178 78 179 79 180 80 181 81 182 82 183 83 184 84 185 85 186 86 187 87 188 88 189 89 190 90 191 91 192 92 193 93 194 94 195 95 196 96 197 97 198 98 199 Weeks, number missing 200 YEARS 201 1 year 202 2 years 203 3 204 4 205 5 206 6 207 7 208 8 209 9 210 10 211 11 212 12 213 13 214 14 215 15 216 16 217 17 218 18 219 19 220 20 221 21 222 22 223 23 224 24 225 25 226 26 227 27 228 28 229 29 230 30+ 299 Years, number missing 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (fourth to last birth) Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (fourth to last birth) Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (fourth to last birth) Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (fourth to last birth) Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (fourth to last birth) 404) How much longer would you have liked to have waited? MONTHS: ___ 1 YEARS: ___ 2 DON'T KNOW 998 100 MONTHS 101 1 month 102 2 months 103 3 104 4 105 5 106 6 107 7 108 8 109 9 110 10 111 11 112 12 113 13 114 14 115 15 116 16 117 17 118 18 119 19 120 20 121 21 122 22 123 23 124 24 125 25 126 26 127 27 128 28 129 29 130 30 131 31 132 32 133 33 134 34 135 35 136 36 137 37 138 38 139 39 140 40 141 41 142 42 143 43 144 44 145 45 146 46 147 47 148 48 149 49 150 50 151 51 152 52 153 53 154 54 155 55 156 56 157 57 158 58 159 59 160 60 161 61 162 62 163 63 164 64 165 65 166 66 167 67 168 68 169 69 170 70 171 71 172 72 173 73 174 74 175 75 176 76 177 77 178 78 179 79 180 80 181 81 182 82 183 83 184 84 185 85 186 86 187 87 188 88 189 89 190 90 191 91 192 92 193 93 194 94 195 95 196 96 197 97 198 98 199 Weeks, number missing 200 YEARS 201 1 year 202 2 years 203 3 204 4 205 5 206 6 207 7 208 8 209 9 210 10 211 11 212 12 213 13 214 14 215 15 216 16 217 17 218 18 219 19 220 20 221 21 222 22 223 23 224 24 225 25 226 26 227 27 228 28 229 29 230 30+ 299 Years, number missing 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (fifth to last birth) Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (fifth to last birth) Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (fifth to last birth) Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (fifth to last birth) Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (fifth to last birth) 100 MONTHS 101 1 month 102 2 months 103 3 104 4 105 5 106 6 107 7 108 8 109 9 110 10 111 11 112 12 113 13 114 14 115 15 116 16 117 17 118 18 119 19 120 20 121 21 122 22 123 23 124 24 125 25 126 26 127 27 128 28 129 29 130 30 131 31 132 32 133 33 134 34 135 35 136 36 137 37 138 38 139 39 140 40 141 41 142 42 143 43 144 44 145 45 146 46 147 47 148 48 149 49 150 50 151 51 152 52 153 53 154 54 155 55 156 56 157 57 158 58 159 59 160 60 161 61 162 62 163 63 164 64 165 65 166 66 167 67 168 68 169 69 170 70 171 71 172 72 173 73 174 74 175 75 176 76 177 77 178 78 179 79 180 80 181 81 182 82 183 83 184 84 185 85 186 86 187 87 188 88 189 89 190 90 191 91 192 92 193 93 194 94 195 95 196 96 197 97 198 98 199 Weeks, number missing 200 YEARS 201 1 year 202 2 years 203 3 204 4 205 5 206 6 207 7 208 8 209 9 210 10 211 11 212 12 213 13 214 14 215 15 216 16 217 17 218 18 219 19 220 20 221 21 222 22 223 23 224 24 225 25 226 26 227 27 228 28 229 29 230 30+ 299 Years, number missing 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (sixth to last birth) Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (sixth to last birth) Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (sixth to last birth) Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (sixth to last birth) Time wanted to wait before pregnancy (sixth to last birth) 100 MONTHS 101 1 month 102 2 months 103 3 104 4 105 5 106 6 107 7 108 8 109 9 110 10 111 11 112 12 113 13 114 14 115 15 116 16 117 17 118 18 119 19 120 20 121 21 122 22 123 23 124 24 125 25 126 26 127 27 128 28 129 29 130 30 131 31 132 32 133 33 134 34 135 35 136 36 137 37 138 38 139 39 140 40 141 41 142 42 143 43 144 44 145 45 146 46 147 47 148 48 149 49 150 50 151 51 152 52 153 53 154 54 155 55 156 56 157 57 158 58 159 59 160 60 161 61 162 62 163 63 164 64 165 65 166 66 167 67 168 68 169 69 170 70 171 71 172 72 173 73 174 74 175 75 176 76 177 77 178 78 179 79 180 80 181 81 182 82 183 83 184 84 185 85 186 86 187 87 188 88 189 89 190 90 191 91 192 92 193 93 194 94 195 95 196 96 197 97 198 98 199 Weeks, number missing 200 YEARS 201 1 year 202 2 years 203 3 204 4 205 5 206 6 207 7 208 8 209 9 210 10 211 11 212 12 213 13 214 14 215 15 216 16 217 17 218 18 219 19 220 20 221 21 222 22 223 23 224 24 225 25 226 26 227 27 228 28 229 29 230 30+ 299 Years, number missing 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months 420) For how many months after the birth of (NAME) did you not have a period? MONTHS: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 1 PPAMHMO_ALL available PPAMHMO_ALL reports the duration, in months, of postpartum amenorrhea after the birth of the child, for women who gave birth in the last three to five years. Women whose period had not returned at the time of interview were excluded from PPAMHMO_ALL, but women who were still amenorrheic were included in calculations for the similar variable PPAMHMOC_ALL. The maximum period allowed during the data editing (by the survey administrators) was the interval between the date of birth of the child and the date of conception of the following child (with birth date minus nine months used for the date of conception) or the date of interview if there was no following birth. PPAMHMO_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (PPAMHMO_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., PPAMHMO_02, PPAMHMO_03, PPAMHMO_04, PPAMHMO_05, and PPAMHMO_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If PPAMHMO_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For surveys including this question, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then PPAMHMO_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (last births) Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (last births) Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (last births) Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (last births) Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (last births) 420) For how many months after the birth of (NAME) did you not have a period? MONTHS: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 90 Period not returned 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) PPAMHMO_01 reports the duration, in months, of postpartum amenorrhea after the birth of the child (for the last birth), for women who gave birth in the last three to five years. Women whose period had not returned at the time of interview were excluded from PPAMHMO_01, but women who were still amenorrheic were included in calculations for the similar variable PPAMHMOC_01. The maximum period allowed during the data editing (by the survey administrators) was the interval between the date of birth of the child and the date of conception of the following child (with birth date minus nine months used for the date of conception) or the date of interview if there was no following birth. IPUMS Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (second to last birth) Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (second to last birth) Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (second to last birth) Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (second to last birth) Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (second to last birth) 420) For how many months after the birth of (NAME) did you not have a period? MONTHS: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 90 Period not returned 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (third to last birth) Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (third to last birth) Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (third to last birth) Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (third to last birth) Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (third to last birth) 420) For how many months after the birth of (NAME) did you not have a period? MONTHS: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 90 Period not returned 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (fourth to last birth) Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (fourth to last birth) Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (fourth to last birth) Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (fourth to last birth) Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (fourth to last birth) 420) For how many months after the birth of (NAME) did you not have a period? MONTHS: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 90 Period not returned 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (fifth to last birth) Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (fifth to last birth) Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (fifth to last birth) Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (fifth to last birth) Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (fifth to last birth) 420) For how many months after the birth of (NAME) did you not have a period? MONTHS: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 90 Period not returned 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (sixth to last birth) Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (sixth to last birth) Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (sixth to last birth) Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (sixth to last birth) Duration of postpartum amenorrhea in months (sixth to last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 90 Period not returned 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) 420) For how many months after the birth of (NAME) did you not have a period? MONTHS: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 1 PPAMHMOC_ALL available PPAMHMOC_ALL (M9_x) reports the duration, in months, of postpartum amenorrhea after the birth of the child, for women who gave birth in the last three to five years. Women whose period had not returned before the following birth or prior to the interview were included in PPAMHMOC_ALL. By contrast, only women whose menses had resumed were included in the similar variable PPAMHMO_ALL. PPAMHMOC_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (PPAMHMOC_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., PPAMHMOC_02, PPAMHMOC_03, PPAMHMOC_04, PPAMHMOC_05, and PPAMHMOC_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If PPAMHMOC_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. The maximum period allowed during the data editing (by the survey administrators) was the interval between the date of birth of the child and the date of conception of the following child (with birth date minus nine months used for the date of conception) or the date of interview if there was no following birth. For DHS Phase II forward, inconsistent durations based on the original reporting of the duration of amenorrhea were recoded to "Inconsistent" (96 in IPUMS-DHS). In cases where the duration was one month longer than the interval, the duration was shortened by one month, consistent with Phase I. For Model "A" countries in Phase II only, if the duration of postpartum amenorrhea extended into the following pregnancy in the calendar, the duration was shortened to the start of the following pregnancy. IPUMS Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (last birth) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (last birth) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (last birth) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (last birth) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (last birth) 420) For how many months after the birth of (NAME) did you not have a period? MONTHS: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) PPAMHMOC_01 (M9_1) reports the duration, in months, of postpartum amenorrhea after the birth of the child (for the last birth), for women who gave birth in the last three to five years. Women whose period had not returned before the following birth or prior to the interview were included in PPAMHMOC_01. By contrast, only women whose menses had resumed were included in the similar variable PPAMHMO_01. The maximum period allowed during the data editing (by the survey administrators) was the interval between the date of birth of the child and the date of conception of the following child (with birth date minus nine months used for the date of conception) or the date of interview if there was no following birth. For DHS Phase II forward, inconsistent durations based on the original reporting of the duration of amenorrhea were recoded to "Inconsistent" (96 in IPUMS-DHS). In cases where the duration was one month longer than the interval, the duration was shortened by one month, consistent with Phase I. For Model "A" countries in Phase II only, if the duration of postpartum amenorrhea extended into the following pregnancy in the calendar, the duration was shortened to the start of the following pregnancy. IPUMS Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (second to last birth) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (second to last birth) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (second to last birth) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (second to last birth) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (second to last birth) 420) For how many months after the birth of (NAME) did you not have a period? MONTHS: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (third to last birth) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (third to last birth) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (third to last birth) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (third to last birth) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (third to last birth) 420) For how many months after the birth of (NAME) did you not have a period? MONTHS: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (fourth to last birth) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (fourth to last birth) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (fourth to last birth) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (fourth to last birth) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (fourth to last birth) 420) For how many months after the birth of (NAME) did you not have a period? MONTHS: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (fifth to last birth) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (fifth to last birth) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (fifth to last birth) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (fifth to last birth) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (fifth to last birth) 420) For how many months after the birth of (NAME) did you not have a period? MONTHS: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (sixth to last birth) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (sixth to last birth) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (sixth to last birth) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (sixth to last birth) Months of postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) (sixth to last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea 1 PPAMFLAG_ALL available PPAMFLAG_ALL (M28_x) reports the type of problem, if any, found in editing data on the duration of postpartum amenorrhea, for women who gave birth in the last three to five years. Cases with no known problem are coded 0. PPAMFLAG_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (PPAMFLAG_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., PPAMFLAG_02, PPAMFLAG_03, PPAMFLAG_04, PPAMFLAG_05, and PPAMFLAG_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If PPAMFLAG_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For surveys including this question, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then PPAMFLAG_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. For discussion of the editing rules implemented (by the survey administrators) for data on postpartum amenorrhea, see PPAMHMO_ALL and PPAMHMOC_ALL, IPUMS Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (last birth) Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (last birth) Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (last birth) Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (last birth) Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (last birth) No flag 1 Greater than interval between birth and succeeding birth 2 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview by only 1 month 4 During pregnancy in calendar 9 NIU (not in universe) PPAMFLAG_01 (M28_1) reports the type of problem, if any, found in editing data on the duration of postpartum amenorrhea (for the last birth), for women who gave birth in the last three to five years. Cases with no known problem are coded 0. For discussion of the editing rules implemented (by the survey administrators) for data on postpartum amenorrhea, see PPAMHMO_01 and PPAMHMOC_01, IPUMS Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (second to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (second to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (second to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (second to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (second to last birth) No flag 1 Greater than interval between birth and succeeding birth 2 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview by only 1 month 4 During pregnancy in calendar 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (third to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (third to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (third to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (third to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (third to last birth) No flag 1 Greater than interval between birth and succeeding birth 2 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview by only 1 month 4 During pregnancy in calendar 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (fourth to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (fourth to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (fourth to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (fourth to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (fourth to last birth) No flag 1 Greater than interval between birth and succeeding birth 2 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview by only 1 month 4 During pregnancy in calendar 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (fifth to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (fifth to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (fifth to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (fifth to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (fifth to last birth) No flag 1 Greater than interval between birth and succeeding birth 2 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview by only 1 month 4 During pregnancy in calendar 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (sixth to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (sixth to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (sixth to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (sixth to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum amenorrhea (sixth to last birth) No flag 1 Greater than interval between birth and succeeding birth 2 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview by only 1 month 4 During pregnancy in calendar 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) 423) For how many months after the birth of (NAME) did you not have sexual relations? MONTHS: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 1 PPABMO_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, PPABMO_ALL (M8_x) indicates the duration, in months, of postpartum abstinence. Women who were still abstaining at the time of interview were excluded from PPABMO_ALL, but they are included in the similar variable PPABMOC_ALL. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the maximum period allowed during the data editing was the interval between the date of birth of the child and the date of conception of the following child (with date of birth minus nine months used for the date of conception) or until the date of interview if there was no following birth. Cases exceeding this duration were left with the original response, but are coded with one of the flag codes on PPABFLAG_ALL and are coded as "Inconsistent" on PPABMOC_ALL. PPABMO_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (PPABMO_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., PPABMO_02, PPABMO_03, PPABMO_04, PPABMO_05, and PPABMO_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If PPABMO_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For surveys including this question, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then PPABMO_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (last birth) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (last birth) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (last birth) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (last birth) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (last birth) 423) For how many months after the birth of (NAME) did you not have sexual relations? MONTHS: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 00 0 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 90 40 days 95 Still abstaining 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) See PPABMO_ALL. IPUMS Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (second to last birth) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (second to last birth) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (second to last birth) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (second to last birth) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (second to last birth) 423) For how many months after the birth of (NAME) did you not have sexual relations? MONTHS: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 00 0 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 90 40 days 95 Still abstaining 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (third to last birth) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (third to last birth) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (third to last birth) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (third to last birth) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (third to last birth) 423) For how many months after the birth of (NAME) did you not have sexual relations? MONTHS: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 00 0 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 90 40 days 95 Still abstaining 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (fourth to last birth) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (fourth to last birth) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (fourth to last birth) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (fourth to last birth) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (fourth to last birth) 423) For how many months after the birth of (NAME) did you not have sexual relations? MONTHS: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 00 0 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 90 40 days 95 Still abstaining 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (fifth to last birth) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (fifth to last birth) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (fifth to last birth) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (fifth to last birth) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (fifth to last birth) 423) For how many months after the birth of (NAME) did you not have sexual relations? MONTHS: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 00 0 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 90 40 days 95 Still abstaining 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (sixth to last birth) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (sixth to last birth) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (sixth to last birth) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (sixth to last birth) Duration of postpartum abstinence (in months) (sixth to last birth) 00 0 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 90 40 days 95 Still abstaining 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) 423) For how many months after the birth of (NAME) did you not have sexual relations? MONTHS: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 1 PPABMOC_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, PPABMOC_ALL (M9_x) reports their calculated months of postpartum abstinence, including the duration for women who were still abstaining at the time of the interview. The similar variable PPABMO_ALL also reports the calculated months of postpartum abstinence but excludes women who were still abstaining when interviewed. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the maximum period allowed during the data editing was the interval between the date of birth of the child and the date of conception of the following child (with date of birth minus nine months used for the date of conception) or until the date of interview if there was no following birth. Cases exceeding this duration are coded with one of the flag codes on PPABFLAG_ALL and are coded as "Inconsistent" in PPABMOC_ALL. PPABMOC_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (PPABMOC_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., PPABMOC_02, PPABMOC_03, PPABMOC_04, PPABMOC_05, and PPABMOC_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If PPABMOC_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For surveys including this question, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then PPABMOC_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (last birth) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (last birth) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (last birth) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (last birth) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (last birth) 423) For how many months after the birth of (NAME) did you not have sexual relations? MONTHS: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, PPABMOC_01 (M9_1) reports their calculated months of postpartum abstinence (after the last birth), including the duration for women who were still abstaining at the time of the interview. The similar variable PPABMO_01 also reports the calculated months of postpartum abstinence but excludes women who were still abstaining when interviewed. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the maximum period allowed during the data editing was the interval between the date of birth of the child and the date of conception of the following child (with date of birth minus nine months used for the date of conception) or until the date of interview if there was no following birth. Cases exceeding this duration are coded with one of the flag codes on PPABFLAG_01 and are coded as "Inconsistent" in PPABMOC_01. IPUMS Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (second to last birth) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (second to last birth) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (second to last birth) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (second to last birth) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (second to last birth) 423) For how many months after the birth of (NAME) did you not have sexual relations? MONTHS: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (third to last birth) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (third to last birth) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (third to last birth) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (third to last birth) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (third to last birth) 423) For how many months after the birth of (NAME) did you not have sexual relations? MONTHS: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (fourth to last birth) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (fourth to last birth) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (fourth to last birth) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (fourth to last birth) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (fourth to last birth) 423) For how many months after the birth of (NAME) did you not have sexual relations? MONTHS: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (fifth to last birth) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (fifth to last birth) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (fifth to last birth) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (fifth to last birth) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (fifth to last birth) 423) For how many months after the birth of (NAME) did you not have sexual relations? MONTHS: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (sixth to last birth) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (sixth to last birth) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (sixth to last birth) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (sixth to last birth) Months of postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) (sixth to last birth) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flag variable for postpartum abstinence Flag variable for postpartum abstinence Flag variable for postpartum abstinence Flag variable for postpartum abstinence Flag variable for postpartum abstinence 1 PPABFLAG_ALL available PPABFLAG_ALL (M29_x) is a flag variable reporting the type of problem found when editing responses about the duration of postpartum abstinence (in PPABMO_ALL), for women who had resumed sexual relations after a birth in the past three to five years. A code of 0 indicates no problem with the original response. PPABFLAG_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (PPABFLAG_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., PPABFLAG_02, PPABFLAG_03, PPABFLAG_04, PPABFLAG_05, and PPABFLAG_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If PPAMFLAG_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For surveys including this question, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then PPABFLAG_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (last birth) Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (last birth) Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (last birth) Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (last birth) Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (last birth) No flag 1 Greater than interval between birth and succeeding birth 2 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview by only 1 month 4 During pregnancy in calendar 9 NIU (not in universe) PPABFLAG_01 (M29_1) is a flag variable reporting the type of problem found when editing responses about the duration of postpartum abstinence (in PPABMO_01), for women who had resumed sexual relations after their last birth in the past three to five years. A code of 0 indicates no problem with the original response. IPUMS Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (second to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (second to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (second to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (second to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (second to last birth) No flag 1 Greater than interval between birth and succeeding birth 2 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview by only 1 month 4 During pregnancy in calendar 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (third to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (third to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (third to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (third to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (third to last birth) No flag 1 Greater than interval between birth and succeeding birth 2 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview by only 1 month 4 During pregnancy in calendar 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (fourth to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (fourth to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (fourth to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (fourth to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (fourth to last birth) No flag 1 Greater than interval between birth and succeeding birth 2 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview by only 1 month 4 During pregnancy in calendar 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (fifth to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (fifth to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (fifth to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (fifth to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (fifth to last birth) No flag 1 Greater than interval between birth and succeeding birth 2 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview by only 1 month 4 During pregnancy in calendar 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (sixth to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (sixth to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (sixth to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (sixth to last birth) Flag variable for postpartum abstinence (sixth to last birth) No flag 1 Greater than interval between birth and succeeding birth 2 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview by only 1 month 4 During pregnancy in calendar 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Ideal period for post-partum abstinence Ideal period for post-partum abstinence Ideal period for post-partum abstinence Ideal period for post-partum abstinence Ideal period for post-partum abstinence 614) After childbirth, how much time should couples wait before starting to have sexual relations again? MONTHS: ___ 1 YEARS: ___ 2 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 996 079 79 days 078 78 days 077 77 days 076 76 days 075 75 days 074 74 days 073 73 days 072 72 days 071 71 days 070 70 days 069 69 days 068 68 days 067 67 days 066 66 days 065 65 days 064 64 days 063 63 days 062 62 days 061 61 days 000 Less than one day 001 1 day 002 2 days 003 3 days 004 4 days 005 5 days 006 6 days 007 7 days 008 8 days 009 9 days 010 10 days 011 11 days 012 12 days 013 13 days 014 14 days 015 15 days 016 16 days 017 17 days 018 18 days 019 19 days 020 20 days 021 21 days 022 22 days 023 23 days 024 24 days 025 25 days 026 26 days 027 27 days 028 28 days 029 29 days 030 30 days 031 31 days 032 32 days 033 33 days 034 34 days 035 35 days 036 36 days 037 37 days 038 38 days 039 39 days 040 40 days 041 41 days 042 42 days 043 43 days 044 44 days 045 45 days 046 46 days 047 47 days 048 48 days 049 49 days 050 50 days 051 51 days 052 52 days 053 53 days 054 54 days 055 55 days 056 56 days 057 57 days 058 58 days 059 59 days 060 60 days 100 Less than one month 101 1 month 102 2 months 103 3 months 104 4 months 105 5 months 106 6 months 107 7 months 108 8 months 109 9 months 110 10 months 111 11 months 112 12 months 113 13 months 114 14 months 115 15 months 116 16 months 117 17 months 118 18 months 119 19 months 120 20 months 121 21 months 122 22 months 123 23 months 124 24 months 125 25 months 126 26 months 127 27 months 128 28 months 129 29 months 130 30 months 131 31 months 132 32 months 133 33 months 134 34 months 135 35 months 136 36 months 137 37 months 138 38 months 139 39 months 140 40 months 141 41 months 142 42 months 143 43 months 144 44 months 145 45 months 146 46 months 147 47 months 148 48 months 149 49 months 150 50 months 151 51 months 152 52 months 153 53 months 154 54 months 155 55 months 156 56 months 157 57 months 158 58 months 159 59 months 160 60 months 161 61 months 162 62 months 163 63 months 164 64 months 165 65 months 166 66 months 167 67 months 168 68 months 169 69 months 170 70 months 171 71 months 172 72 months 173 73 months 174 74 months 175 75 months 176 76 months 177 77 months 178 78 months 179 79 months 180 80 months 181 81 months 182 82 months 183 83 months 184 84 months 185 85 months 186 86 months 187 87 months 188 88 months 189 89 months 190 90 months 191 91 months 192 92 months 193 93 months 194 94 months 195 95 months 196 96 months 197 97 months 198 98 months 199 Months, unspecified number 200 Less than one year 201 1 year 202 2 years 203 3 years 204 4 years 205 5 years 206 6 years 207 7 years 208 8 years 209 9 years 210 10 years 211 11 years 212 12 years 213 13 years 214 14 years 215 15 years 216 16 years 217 17 years 218 18 years 219 19 years 220 20 years 221 21 years 222 22 years 223 23 years 224 24 years 225 25 years 226 26 years 227 27 years 228 28 years 229 29 years 230 30 years 231 31 years 232 32 years 233 33 years 234 34 years 235 35+ years 299 Years, unspecified number 992 Up to couple 993 After weaning 994 After period returns 995 Non-numeric response 996 Other 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) 080 80 days 081 81 days 082 82 days 083 83 days 084 84 days 085 85 days 086 86 days 087 87 days 088 88 days 089 89 days 090 90 days IDEALPOSTPT (V608) reports what the woman thinks is the ideal duration for a couple to wait before starting sexual relations after the birth of a child. IPUMS Ideal period for post-partum abstinence (months and years only) Ideal period for post-partum abstinence (months and years only) Ideal period for post-partum abstinence (months and years only) Ideal period for post-partum abstinence (months and years only) Ideal period for post-partum abstinence (months and years only) 614) After childbirth, how much time should couples wait before starting to have sexual relations again? MONTHS: ___ 1 YEARS: ___ 2 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 996 100 Less than one month 101 1 month 102 2 months 103 3 months 104 4 months 105 5 months 106 6 months 107 7 months 108 8 months 109 9 months 110 10 months 111 11 months 112 12 months 113 13 months 114 14 months 115 15 months 116 16 months 117 17 months 118 18 months 119 19 months 120 20 months 121 21 months 122 22 months 123 23 months 124 24 months 125 25 months 126 26 months 127 27 months 128 28 months 129 29 months 130 30 months 131 31 months 132 32 months 133 33 months 134 34 months 135 35 months 136 36 months 137 37 months 138 38 months 139 39 months 140 40 months 141 41 months 142 42 months 143 43 months 144 44 months 145 45 months 146 46 months 147 47 months 148 48 months 149 49 months 150 50 months 151 51 months 152 52 months 153 53 months 154 54 months 155 55 months 156 56 months 157 57 months 158 58 months 159 59 months 160 60 months 161 61 months 162 62 months 163 63 months 164 64 months 165 65 months 166 66 months 167 67 months 168 68 months 169 69 months 170 70 months 171 71 months 172 72 months 173 73 months 174 74 months 175 75 months 176 76 months 177 77 months 178 78 months 179 79 months 180 80 months 181 81 months 182 82 months 183 83 months 184 84 months 185 85 months 186 86 months 187 87 months 188 88 months 189 89 months 190 90 months 191 91 months 192 92 months 193 93 months 194 94 months 195 95 months 196 96 months 197 97 months 198 98 months 199 Months, unspecified number 200 Less than one year 201 1 year 202 2 years 203 3 years 204 4 years 205 5 years 206 6 years 207 7 years 208 8 years 209 9 years 210 10 years 211 11 years 212 12 years 213 13 years 214 14 years 215 15 years 216 16 years 217 17 years 218 18 years 219 19 years 220 20 years 221 21 years 222 22 years 223 23 years 224 24 years 225 25 years 226 26 years 227 27 years 228 28 years 229 29 years 230 30 years 231 31 years 232 32 years 233 33 years 234 34 years 235 35+ years 299 Years, unspecified number 992 Up to couple 993 After weaning 994 After period returns 995 Non-numeric response 996 Other 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IDEALPOSTPT2 reports what the woman thinks is the ideal duration for a couple to wait before starting sexual relations after the birth of a child. Responses are given in month or year units; the complementary variable IDEALPOSTPT preserves the detailed responses given in days for a minority of samples. IPUMS Alright to have sex while breastfeeding Alright to have sex while breastfeeding Alright to have sex while breastfeeding Alright to have sex while breastfeeding Alright to have sex while breastfeeding 615) Should a mother wait until she has completely stopped breastfeeding before starting to have sexual relations again, or doesn't it matter? WAIT 1 DOESN'T MATTER 2 1 Wait 2 Doesn't matter 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) SEXBRSTFD (V609) indicates whether the woman thinks mothers should wait until they have stopped breastfeeding before resuming sexual relations after the birth of a child. IPUMS Number of children in maternity history Number of children in maternity history Number of children in maternity history Number of children in maternity history Number of children in maternity history 402) ENTER THE LINE NUMBER, NAME, AND SURVIVAL STATUS OF EACH BIRTH SINCE JANUARY 1987 IN THE TABLE. ASK THE QUESTIONS OF ALL THESE BIRTHS, BEGINNING WITH THE LAST BIRTH. Now I would like to ask you some more questions about the health of all of the children you have had in the past 5 years. We will talk about one child at a time. LINE NUMBER FROM QUESTION 212: ___ FROM QUESTION 212 AND QUESTION 216: NAME: ___ LIVING: ___ (GO TO 403) DECEASED: ___ (GO TO 403) 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 MATERNITYIDX (V417) reports the number of entries in the pregnancy and postnatal care history for a female respondent. This number is typically equal to the number of births in the three (BIRTHSTOT3YR (V238)) or five (BIRTHSIN5YRS (V208) years before the survey. While there is, theoretically, no limit to the number of births recorded in BIRTHSTOT3YR and BIRTHSIN5YRS, MATERNITYIDX is actually limited to the number of columns that can be completed on the survey form. In most cases, MATERNITYIDX is capped at six. IPUMS Number of children in immunization/health history Number of children in immunization/health history Number of children in immunization/health history Number of children in immunization/health history Number of children in immunization/health history 441) ENTER THE LINE NUMBER AND NAME OF EACH BIRTH SINCE JANUARY 1987 IN THE TABLE. ASK THE QUESTIONS ABOUT ALL OF THESE BIRTHS. BEGIN WITH THE LAST BIRTH (IF THERE ARE MORE THAN 3 BIRTHS, USE ADDITIONAL FORMS). LINE NUMBER FROM QUESTION 212: ___ FROM QUESTION 212 AND QUESTION 216: NAME: ___ LIVING: ___ DECEASED: ___ 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 HEALTHIDX (V418) reports the number of entries (number of children) in the health or immunization history. This number is typically equal to the number of births in the three (BIRTHSTOT3YR (V238)) or five (BIRTHSIN5YRS (V208) years before the survey. While there is, theoretically, no limit to the number of births recorded in BIRTHSTOT3YR and BIRTHSIN5YRS, HEALTHIDX is actually limited to the number of columns that can be completed on the survey form. In most cases, HEALTHIDX is capped at six. IPUMS Number of children in height and weight table Number of children in height and weight table Number of children in height and weight table Number of children in height and weight table Number of children in height and weight table 902) LINE NUMBER FROM QUESTION 212: LINE NUMBER: ___ 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 BIOIDX (V419) reports the number of entries (number of children) in the height and weight table. This number is typically equal to the number of births in the three (BIRTHSTOT3YR (V238)) or five (BIRTHSIN5YRS (V208) years before the survey. While there is, theoretically, no limit to the number of births recorded in BIRTHSTOT3YR and BIRTHSIN5YRS, BIOIDX is actually limited to the number of columns on the survey form that can be completed. In most cases, BIOIDX is capped at six. IPUMS Child ever given anything other than breastmilk Child ever given anything other than breastmilk Child ever given anything other than breastmilk Child ever given anything other than breastmilk Child ever given anything other than breastmilk 436) Was (NAME) ever given water or anything else to drink or eat other than breast milk? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 440) 1 FEDNOTBRSMILK_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, FEDNOTBRSMILK_ALL (M22_x) indicates whether her child was ever given water or anything else to eat or drink, other than breastmilk. Living children who are no longer breastfeeding are assumed to have been given food other than breastmilk. FEDNOTBRSMILK_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (FEDNOTBRSMILK_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., FEDNOTBRSMILK_02, FEDNOTBRSMILK_03, FEDNOTBRSMILK_04, FEDNOTBRSMILK_05, and FEDNOTBRSMILK_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If FEDNOTBRSMILK_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For surveys including this question, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then FEDNOTBRSMILK_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Child ever given anything other than breastmilk (last birth) Child ever given anything other than breastmilk (last birth) Child ever given anything other than breastmilk (last birth) Child ever given anything other than breastmilk (last birth) Child ever given anything other than breastmilk (last birth) 436) Was (NAME) ever given water or anything else to drink or eat other than breast milk? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 440) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, FEDNOTBRSMILK_01 (M22_1) indicates whether her child was ever given water or anything else to eat or drink, other than breastmilk (for the last birth). Living children who are no longer breastfeeding are assumed to have been given food other than breastmilk. IPUMS Child ever given anything other than breastmilk (second to last birth) Child ever given anything other than breastmilk (second to last birth) Child ever given anything other than breastmilk (second to last birth) Child ever given anything other than breastmilk (second to last birth) Child ever given anything other than breastmilk (second to last birth) 436) Was (NAME) ever given water or anything else to drink or eat other than breast milk? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 440) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child ever given anything other than breastmilk (third to last birth) Child ever given anything other than breastmilk (third to last birth) Child ever given anything other than breastmilk (third to last birth) Child ever given anything other than breastmilk (third to last birth) Child ever given anything other than breastmilk (third to last birth) 436) Was (NAME) ever given water or anything else to drink or eat other than breast milk? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 440) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child ever given anything other than breastmilk (fourth to last birth) Child ever given anything other than breastmilk (fourth to last birth) Child ever given anything other than breastmilk (fourth to last birth) Child ever given anything other than breastmilk (fourth to last birth) Child ever given anything other than breastmilk (fourth to last birth) 436) Was (NAME) ever given water or anything else to drink or eat other than breast milk? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 440) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child ever given anything other than breastmilk (fifth to last birth) Child ever given anything other than breastmilk (fifth to last birth) Child ever given anything other than breastmilk (fifth to last birth) Child ever given anything other than breastmilk (fifth to last birth) Child ever given anything other than breastmilk (fifth to last birth) 436) Was (NAME) ever given water or anything else to drink or eat other than breast milk? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 440) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Child ever given anything other than breastmilk (sixth to last birth) Child ever given anything other than breastmilk (sixth to last birth) Child ever given anything other than breastmilk (sixth to last birth) Child ever given anything other than breastmilk (sixth to last birth) Child ever given anything other than breastmilk (sixth to last birth) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Age (in months) for plain water Age (in months) for plain water Age (in months) for plain water Age (in months) for plain water Age (in months) for plain water 437) How many months old was (NAME) when you started giving the following foods or drinks on a regular basis? IF LESS THAN 1 MONTH, RECORD '00'. Tinned milk or milk other than breast milk? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Water or other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Herbal tea? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Mushy or solid food? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 1 AGEWATER_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, AGEWATER_ALL (M24_x) reports the age, in months, at which the child was first given water on a regular basis. AGEWATER_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (AGEWATER_01) up to, potentially, the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., AGEWATER_02, AGEWATER_03, AGEWATER_04, AGEWATER_05, and AGEWATER_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If AGEWATER_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. The information in AGEWATER_ALL was collected for all births within the reference period preceding the survey. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then AGEWATER_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Age (in months) for plain water (last birth) Age (in months) for plain water (last birth) Age (in months) for plain water (last birth) Age (in months) for plain water (last birth) Age (in months) for plain water (last birth) 437) How many months old was (NAME) when you started giving the following foods or drinks on a regular basis? IF LESS THAN 1 MONTH, RECORD '00'. Tinned milk or milk other than breast milk? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Water or other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Herbal tea? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Mushy or solid food? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 00 less than one month 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 95 Not given 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 See AGEWATER_ALL. IPUMS Age (in months) for plain water (second to last birth) Age (in months) for plain water (second to last birth) Age (in months) for plain water (second to last birth) Age (in months) for plain water (second to last birth) Age (in months) for plain water (second to last birth) 437) How many months old was (NAME) when you started giving the following foods or drinks on a regular basis? IF LESS THAN 1 MONTH, RECORD '00'. Tinned milk or milk other than breast milk? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Water or other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Herbal tea? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Mushy or solid food? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 00 less than one month 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 95 Not given 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Age (in months) for plain water (third to last birth) Age (in months) for plain water (third to last birth) Age (in months) for plain water (third to last birth) Age (in months) for plain water (third to last birth) Age (in months) for plain water (third to last birth) 437) How many months old was (NAME) when you started giving the following foods or drinks on a regular basis? IF LESS THAN 1 MONTH, RECORD '00'. Tinned milk or milk other than breast milk? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Water or other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Herbal tea? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Mushy or solid food? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 00 less than one month 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 95 Not given 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Age (in months) for plain water (fourth to last birth) Age (in months) for plain water (fourth to last birth) Age (in months) for plain water (fourth to last birth) Age (in months) for plain water (fourth to last birth) Age (in months) for plain water (fourth to last birth) 437) How many months old was (NAME) when you started giving the following foods or drinks on a regular basis? IF LESS THAN 1 MONTH, RECORD '00'. Tinned milk or milk other than breast milk? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Water or other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Herbal tea? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Mushy or solid food? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 00 less than one month 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 95 Not given 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Age (in months) for plain water (fifth to last birth) Age (in months) for plain water (fifth to last birth) Age (in months) for plain water (fifth to last birth) Age (in months) for plain water (fifth to last birth) Age (in months) for plain water (fifth to last birth) 437) How many months old was (NAME) when you started giving the following foods or drinks on a regular basis? IF LESS THAN 1 MONTH, RECORD '00'. Tinned milk or milk other than breast milk? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Water or other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Herbal tea? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Mushy or solid food? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 00 less than one month 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 95 Not given 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Age (in months) for plain water (sixth to last birth) Age (in months) for plain water (sixth to last birth) Age (in months) for plain water (sixth to last birth) Age (in months) for plain water (sixth to last birth) Age (in months) for plain water (sixth to last birth) 00 less than one month 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 95 Not given 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Age (in months) for formula or other milk Age (in months) for formula or other milk Age (in months) for formula or other milk Age (in months) for formula or other milk Age (in months) for formula or other milk 437) How many months old was (NAME) when you started giving the following foods or drinks on a regular basis? IF LESS THAN 1 MONTH, RECORD '00'. Tinned milk or milk other than breast milk? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Water or other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Herbal tea? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Mushy or solid food? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 1 AGEFORM_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, AGEFORM_ALL (M23_x) reports the age, in months, at which the child was first given baby formula or kinds of milk other than breast milk on a regular basis. AGEFORM_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (AGEFORM_01) up to, potentially, the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., AGEFORM_02, AGEFORM_03, AGEFORM_04, AGEFORM_05, and AGEFORM_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If AGEFORM_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. The information in AGEFORM_ALL was collected for all births within the reference period preceding the survey. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then AGEFORM_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. For some samples, noted in the Comparability section, this information was collected on only the last-born child (AGEFORM_01). IPUMS Age (in months) for formula or other milk (last birth) Age (in months) for formula or other milk (last birth) Age (in months) for formula or other milk (last birth) Age (in months) for formula or other milk (last birth) Age (in months) for formula or other milk (last birth) 437) How many months old was (NAME) when you started giving the following foods or drinks on a regular basis? IF LESS THAN 1 MONTH, RECORD '00'. Tinned milk or milk other than breast milk? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Water or other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Herbal tea? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Mushy or solid food? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 45 45 44 44 43 43 42 42 41 41 40 40 00 less than one month 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 95 Not given 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 46 46 47 47 48 48 See AGEFORM_ALL. IPUMS Age (in months) for formula or other milk (second to last birth) Age (in months) for formula or other milk (second to last birth) Age (in months) for formula or other milk (second to last birth) Age (in months) for formula or other milk (second to last birth) Age (in months) for formula or other milk (second to last birth) 437) How many months old was (NAME) when you started giving the following foods or drinks on a regular basis? IF LESS THAN 1 MONTH, RECORD '00'. Tinned milk or milk other than breast milk? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Water or other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Herbal tea? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Mushy or solid food? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 00 less than one month 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 95 Not given 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Age (in months) for formula or other milk (third to last birth) Age (in months) for formula or other milk (third to last birth) Age (in months) for formula or other milk (third to last birth) Age (in months) for formula or other milk (third to last birth) Age (in months) for formula or other milk (third to last birth) 437) How many months old was (NAME) when you started giving the following foods or drinks on a regular basis? IF LESS THAN 1 MONTH, RECORD '00'. Tinned milk or milk other than breast milk? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Water or other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Herbal tea? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Mushy or solid food? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 50 50 49 49 00 less than one month 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 95 Not given 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Age (in months) for formula or other milk (fourth to last birth) Age (in months) for formula or other milk (fourth to last birth) Age (in months) for formula or other milk (fourth to last birth) Age (in months) for formula or other milk (fourth to last birth) Age (in months) for formula or other milk (fourth to last birth) 437) How many months old was (NAME) when you started giving the following foods or drinks on a regular basis? IF LESS THAN 1 MONTH, RECORD '00'. Tinned milk or milk other than breast milk? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Water or other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Herbal tea? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Mushy or solid food? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 00 less than one month 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 95 Not given 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Age (in months) for formula or other milk (fifth to last birth) Age (in months) for formula or other milk (fifth to last birth) Age (in months) for formula or other milk (fifth to last birth) Age (in months) for formula or other milk (fifth to last birth) Age (in months) for formula or other milk (fifth to last birth) 437) How many months old was (NAME) when you started giving the following foods or drinks on a regular basis? IF LESS THAN 1 MONTH, RECORD '00'. Tinned milk or milk other than breast milk? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Water or other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Herbal tea? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Mushy or solid food? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 00 less than one month 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 95 Not given 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Age (in months) for formula or other milk (sixth to last birth) Age (in months) for formula or other milk (sixth to last birth) Age (in months) for formula or other milk (sixth to last birth) Age (in months) for formula or other milk (sixth to last birth) Age (in months) for formula or other milk (sixth to last birth) 00 less than one month 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 95 Not given 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Age (in months) for other liquids Age (in months) for other liquids Age (in months) for other liquids Age (in months) for other liquids Age (in months) for other liquids 437) How many months old was (NAME) when you started giving the following foods or drinks on a regular basis? IF LESS THAN 1 MONTH, RECORD '00'. Tinned milk or milk other than breast milk? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Water or other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Herbal tea? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Mushy or solid food? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 1 AGEOTHLIQ_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, AGEOTHLIQ_ALL (M25_x) reports the age, in months, at which the child was first given some other liquid on a regular basis. "Other" must be interpreted relative to the specific liquids and foods mentioned in a particular sample. AGEOTHLIQ_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (AGEOTHLIQ_01) up to, potentially, the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., AGEOTHLIQ_02, AGEOTHLIQ_03, AGEOTHLIQ_04, AGEOTHLIQ_05, and AGEOTHLIQ_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If AGEOTHLIQ_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. The information in AGEOTHLIQ_ALL was collected for all births within the reference period preceding the survey. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then AGEOTHLIQ_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Age (in months) for other liquids (last birth) Age (in months) for other liquids (last birth) Age (in months) for other liquids (last birth) Age (in months) for other liquids (last birth) Age (in months) for other liquids (last birth) 437) How many months old was (NAME) when you started giving the following foods or drinks on a regular basis? IF LESS THAN 1 MONTH, RECORD '00'. Tinned milk or milk other than breast milk? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Water or other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Herbal tea? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Mushy or solid food? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 00 less than 1 month 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 95 Not given 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) See AGEOTHLIQ_ALL. IPUMS Age (in months) for other liquids (second to last birth) Age (in months) for other liquids (second to last birth) Age (in months) for other liquids (second to last birth) Age (in months) for other liquids (second to last birth) Age (in months) for other liquids (second to last birth) 437) How many months old was (NAME) when you started giving the following foods or drinks on a regular basis? IF LESS THAN 1 MONTH, RECORD '00'. Tinned milk or milk other than breast milk? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Water or other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Herbal tea? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Mushy or solid food? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 00 less than 1 month 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 95 Not given 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Age (in months) for other liquids (third to last birth) Age (in months) for other liquids (third to last birth) Age (in months) for other liquids (third to last birth) Age (in months) for other liquids (third to last birth) Age (in months) for other liquids (third to last birth) 437) How many months old was (NAME) when you started giving the following foods or drinks on a regular basis? IF LESS THAN 1 MONTH, RECORD '00'. Tinned milk or milk other than breast milk? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Water or other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Herbal tea? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Mushy or solid food? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 00 less than 1 month 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 95 Not given 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Age (in months) for other liquids (fourth to last birth) Age (in months) for other liquids (fourth to last birth) Age (in months) for other liquids (fourth to last birth) Age (in months) for other liquids (fourth to last birth) Age (in months) for other liquids (fourth to last birth) 437) How many months old was (NAME) when you started giving the following foods or drinks on a regular basis? IF LESS THAN 1 MONTH, RECORD '00'. Tinned milk or milk other than breast milk? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Water or other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Herbal tea? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Mushy or solid food? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 00 less than 1 month 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 95 Not given 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Age (in months) for other liquids (fifth to last birth) Age (in months) for other liquids (fifth to last birth) Age (in months) for other liquids (fifth to last birth) Age (in months) for other liquids (fifth to last birth) Age (in months) for other liquids (fifth to last birth) 437) How many months old was (NAME) when you started giving the following foods or drinks on a regular basis? IF LESS THAN 1 MONTH, RECORD '00'. Tinned milk or milk other than breast milk? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Water or other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Herbal tea? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Mushy or solid food? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 00 less than 1 month 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 95 Not given 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Age (in months) for other liquids (sixth to last birth) Age (in months) for other liquids (sixth to last birth) Age (in months) for other liquids (sixth to last birth) Age (in months) for other liquids (sixth to last birth) Age (in months) for other liquids (sixth to last birth) 00 less than 1 month 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 95 Not given 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Age (in months) for solid or mushy food Age (in months) for solid or mushy food Age (in months) for solid or mushy food Age (in months) for solid or mushy food Age (in months) for solid or mushy food 437) How many months old was (NAME) when you started giving the following foods or drinks on a regular basis? IF LESS THAN 1 MONTH, RECORD '00'. Tinned milk or milk other than breast milk? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Water or other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Herbal tea? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Mushy or solid food? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 1 AGESOLID_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, AGESOLID_ALL (M26_x) reports the age, in months, at which the child was first given solid or mushy food on a regular basis. AGESOLID_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (AGESOLID_01) up to, potentially, the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., AGESOLID_02, AGESOLID_03, AGESOLID_04, AGESOLID_05, and AGESOLID_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If AGESOLID_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. The information in AGESOLID_ALL was collected for all births within the reference period preceding the survey. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then AGESOLID_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. Some samples, noted in the Comparability section, collected this information for the last-born child only (AGESOLID_01). IPUMS Age (in months) for solid or mushy food (last birth) Age (in months) for solid or mushy food (last birth) Age (in months) for solid or mushy food (last birth) Age (in months) for solid or mushy food (last birth) Age (in months) for solid or mushy food (last birth) 437) How many months old was (NAME) when you started giving the following foods or drinks on a regular basis? IF LESS THAN 1 MONTH, RECORD '00'. Tinned milk or milk other than breast milk? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Water or other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Herbal tea? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Mushy or solid food? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 00 less than one month 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 95 Not given 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) See AGESOLID_ALL. IPUMS Age (in months) for solid or mushy food (second to last birth) Age (in months) for solid or mushy food (second to last birth) Age (in months) for solid or mushy food (second to last birth) Age (in months) for solid or mushy food (second to last birth) Age (in months) for solid or mushy food (second to last birth) 437) How many months old was (NAME) when you started giving the following foods or drinks on a regular basis? IF LESS THAN 1 MONTH, RECORD '00'. Tinned milk or milk other than breast milk? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Water or other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Herbal tea? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Mushy or solid food? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 00 less than one month 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 95 Not given 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Age (in months) for solid or mushy food (third to last birth) Age (in months) for solid or mushy food (third to last birth) Age (in months) for solid or mushy food (third to last birth) Age (in months) for solid or mushy food (third to last birth) Age (in months) for solid or mushy food (third to last birth) 437) How many months old was (NAME) when you started giving the following foods or drinks on a regular basis? IF LESS THAN 1 MONTH, RECORD '00'. Tinned milk or milk other than breast milk? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Water or other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Herbal tea? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Mushy or solid food? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 00 less than one month 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 95 Not given 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Age (in months) for solid or mushy food (fourth to last birth) Age (in months) for solid or mushy food (fourth to last birth) Age (in months) for solid or mushy food (fourth to last birth) Age (in months) for solid or mushy food (fourth to last birth) Age (in months) for solid or mushy food (fourth to last birth) 437) How many months old was (NAME) when you started giving the following foods or drinks on a regular basis? IF LESS THAN 1 MONTH, RECORD '00'. Tinned milk or milk other than breast milk? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Water or other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Herbal tea? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Mushy or solid food? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 00 less than one month 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 95 Not given 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Age (in months) for solid or mushy food (fifth to last birth) Age (in months) for solid or mushy food (fifth to last birth) Age (in months) for solid or mushy food (fifth to last birth) Age (in months) for solid or mushy food (fifth to last birth) Age (in months) for solid or mushy food (fifth to last birth) 437) How many months old was (NAME) when you started giving the following foods or drinks on a regular basis? IF LESS THAN 1 MONTH, RECORD '00'. Tinned milk or milk other than breast milk? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Water or other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Herbal tea? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Mushy or solid food? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 00 less than one month 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 95 Not given 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Age (in months) for solid or mushy food (sixth to last birth) Age (in months) for solid or mushy food (sixth to last birth) Age (in months) for solid or mushy food (sixth to last birth) Age (in months) for solid or mushy food (sixth to last birth) Age (in months) for solid or mushy food (sixth to last birth) 00 less than one month 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 95 Not given 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Times mother breastfed last child during previous night Times mother breastfed last child during previous night Times mother breastfed last child during previous night Times mother breastfed last child during previous night Times mother breastfed last child during previous night 429) FOR MOST RECENT BIRTH: How many times did you breastfeed last night between sunset and sunrise? (IF ANSWER IS NOT NUMERIC, PROBE TO EVALUATE NUMBER) NUMBER OF NIGHT TIME FEEDINGS: ___ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40+ 96 On demand 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years and whose last-born child is still breastfeeding, BFEEDNITE (V407) reports how many times the mother breastfed that child the previous night between sunset and sunrise. When women are the unit of analysis, IPUMS-DHS users may also use BRSFEDNITE_01 (M35_01), which reports how many times the woman breastfed her last-born child the previous night. When children are the unit of analysis, BFEEDNITE describes a characteristic of the mother, which causes all young children of the mother to be coded the same way. Thus, a response of a certain number of times in BFEEDNITE does not necessarily indicate that a particular child whose record is being analyzed was breastfed that many times during the previous night. IPUMS-DHS users should instead employ, when available, the variable BRSFEDNITE (M35) to determine how many times the specific child under analysis was breastfed during the previous night. IPUMS Times mother breastfed last child during previous day Times mother breastfed last child during previous day Times mother breastfed last child during previous day Times mother breastfed last child during previous day Times mother breastfed last child during previous day 430) FOR MOST RECENT BIRTH: How many times did you breastfeed yesterday, during the daylight hours? (IF ANSWER IS NOT NUMERIC, PROBE TO EVALUATE NUMBER) NUMBER OF DAY LIGHT FEEDINGS: ___ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40+ 95 On demand, non-numeric response 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years and whose last-born child is still breastfeeding, BFEEDAY (V408) reports how many times the mother breastfed that child the previous day during daylight hours. When women are the unit of analysis, IPUMS-DHS users may also use BRSFEDAY_01 (M36_01), which reports how many times the woman breastfed her last-born child the previous day during daylight hours. When children are the unit of analysis, BFEEDAY describes a characteristic of the mother, which causes all young children of the mother to be coded the same way. Thus, a response of a certain number of times in BFEEDAY does not necessarily indicate that a child whose record is being analyzed was personally breastfed that many times during the previous day. IPUMS-DHS users should instead employ, when available, the variable BRSFEDAY (M36) to determine how many times the specific child under analysis was breastfed during the previous day. IPUMS Mother fed last-born child from bottle with nipple in last day or night Mother fed last-born child from bottle with nipple in last day or night Mother fed last-born child from bottle with nipple in last day or night Mother fed last-born child from bottle with nipple in last day or night Mother fed last-born child from bottle with nipple in last day or night 439) Did (NAME) drink anything from a baby bottle yesterday or last night? YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years and whose last-born child is still alive, BOTTLE24H (V415) indicates whether the last-born child drank anything from a bottle with a nipple during the previous day and night. When women are the unit of analysis, IPUMS-DHS users may also use BRSFEDBOT_01 (M38_01), which also indicates whether the woman gave her last-born child anything from a bottle with a nipple during the previous day and night. When children are the unit of analysis, BOTTLE24H describes a characteristic of the mother, which causes all young children of the mother to be coded the same way. If the mother reported that she fed her last-born child with a bottle with a nipple during the previous day or night, all of her children in the data are coded as "yes," including any children who have died or who live elsewhere. When children are the unit of analysis, a positive response in BOTTLE24H thus does not necessarily indicate that a particular child was actually fed with a bottle with a nipple during the previous day or night. IPUMS-DHS users should instead employ, when available, the variable BRSFEDBOT (M38) to determine whether the specific child in question actually drank anything from a bottle with a nipple during the previous day and night. IPUMS Woman currently breastfeeding any child Woman currently breastfeeding any child Woman currently breastfeeding any child Woman currently breastfeeding any child Woman currently breastfeeding any child 428) FOR MOST RECENT BIRTH: Do you still breastfeed (NAME)? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 433) No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) BFEEDANYNOW (V404) indicates whether the woman is currently breastfeeding. If no child was born in the last three to five years, the respondent is assumed to not be breastfeeding. When children or births are the unit of analysis, this variable describes a characteristic of the mother, which causes all children of the mother to be coded the same way. This variable has some variation in how current breastfeeding is determined. See Comparability. IPUMS Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) 433) For how many months did you breastfeed (NAME)? MONTHS: ___ UNTIL DIED 95 (GO TO 436) 1 BRSFEDMO_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, BRSFEDMO_ALL (M5_x) reports the calculated months of breastfeeding for a birth, including cases where 1) the woman was still breastfeeding at the time of the interview or 2) the child had been breastfed until its death. Cases in these two categories were excluded from the related variable BRSFEDUR_ALL on the duration of breastfeeding. For DHS Phase II forward, inconsistent durations based on the original report of the duration of breastfeeding were coded as "Inconsistent." In cases where the reported duration was one month longer than the relevant interval, duration was shortened by one month. If the duration of breastfeeding exceeded the child's age at death, the duration of breastfeeding was changed to the age at death. BRSFEDMO_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (BRSFEDMO_01) up to, potentially, the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., BRSFEDMO_02, BRSFEDMO_03, BRSFEDMO_04, BRSFEDMO_05, and BRSFEDMO_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If BRSFEDMO_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. The information in BRSFEDMO_ALL was collected for all births within the reference period preceding the survey. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then BRSFEDMO_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (last birth) 433) For how many months did you breastfeed (NAME)? MONTHS: ___ UNTIL DIED 95 (GO TO 436) 00 0 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60(+) 92 Ever breastfed, not currently breastfeeding 93 Missing: Not asked (child died) 94 Never breastfed 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) See BRSFEDMO_ALL. IPUMS Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (second to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (second to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (second to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (second to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (second to last birth) 433) For how many months did you breastfeed (NAME)? MONTHS: ___ UNTIL DIED 95 (GO TO 436) 00 0 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 92 Ever breastfed, not currently breastfeeding 93 Missing: Not asked (child died) 94 Never breastfed 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (third to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (third to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (third to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (third to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (third to last birth) 433) For how many months did you breastfeed (NAME)? MONTHS: ___ UNTIL DIED 95 (GO TO 436) 00 0 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 92 Ever breastfed, not currently breastfeeding 93 Missing: Not asked (child died) 94 Never breastfed 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (fourth to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (fourth to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (fourth to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (fourth to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (fourth to last birth) 433) For how many months did you breastfeed (NAME)? MONTHS: ___ UNTIL DIED 95 (GO TO 436) 00 0 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 92 Ever breastfed, not currently breastfeeding 93 Missing: Not asked (child died) 94 Never breastfed 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (fifth to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (fifth to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (fifth to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (fifth to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (fifth to last birth) 433) For how many months did you breastfeed (NAME)? MONTHS: ___ UNTIL DIED 95 (GO TO 436) 00 0 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 92 Ever breastfed, not currently breastfeeding 93 Missing: Not asked (child died) 94 Never breastfed 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (sixth to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (sixth to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (sixth to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (sixth to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) (sixth to last birth) 00 0 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 92 Ever breastfed, not currently breastfeeding 93 Missing: Not asked (child died) 94 Never breastfed 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Duration of breastfeeding in months Duration of breastfeeding in months Duration of breastfeeding in months Duration of breastfeeding in months Duration of breastfeeding in months 433) For how many months did you breastfeed (NAME)? MONTHS: ___ UNTIL DIED 95 (GO TO 436) 1 BRSFEDUR_ALL available BRSFEDUR_ALL (M4_x) reports the calculated months of breastfeeding, for women who gave birth in the last three to five years and were no longer breastfeeding the child. BRSFEDUR_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (BRSFEDUR_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., BRSFEDUR_02, BRSFEDUR_03, BRSFEDUR_04, BRSFEDUR_05, and BRSFEDUR_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If BRSFEDUR_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For surveys including this question, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then BRSFEDUR_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. The related variable BRSFEDMO_ALL differs by including women who were still breastfeeding at the time of the interview. The variable BRSFEDCAT_ALL provides categorical information about breastfeeding, reporting whether the woman ever breastfed, and, if so, whether she is still breastfeeding. The maximum period allowed for BRSFEDUR_ALL during the data editing (by survey administrators) was the interval between the date of birth of the child and the date of interview. For Phase I, cases that exceeded the allowed maximum period were set to "Inconsistent." For Phase II forward, inconsistent durations were left in place, but such cases were flagged in BRSFDFLAG_ALL and were set to "Inconsistent" in BRSFEDMO_ALL. In Phase II only, for Model "A" countries, the "breastfed until died" category was not used. IPUMS Duration of breastfeeding in months (last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (last birth) 433) For how many months did you breastfeed (NAME)? MONTHS: ___ UNTIL DIED 95 (GO TO 436) 00 0 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 90 Breastfed until died 92 Ever breastfed, not currently breastfeeding 93 Not asked (child died) 94 Never breastfed 95 Still breastfeeding 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) See BRSFEDUR_ALL. IPUMS Duration of breastfeeding in months (second to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (second to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (second to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (second to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (second to last birth) 433) For how many months did you breastfeed (NAME)? MONTHS: ___ UNTIL DIED 95 (GO TO 436) 00 0 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 90 Breastfed until died 92 Ever breastfed, not currently breastfeeding 93 Not asked (child died) 94 Never breastfed 95 Still breastfeeding 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Duration of breastfeeding in months (third to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (third to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (third to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (third to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (third to last birth) 433) For how many months did you breastfeed (NAME)? MONTHS: ___ UNTIL DIED 95 (GO TO 436) 00 0 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 90 Breastfed until died 92 Ever breastfed, not currently breastfeeding 93 Not asked (child died) 94 Never breastfed 95 Still breastfeeding 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Duration of breastfeeding in months (fourth to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (fourth to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (fourth to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (fourth to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (fourth to last birth) 433) For how many months did you breastfeed (NAME)? MONTHS: ___ UNTIL DIED 95 (GO TO 436) 00 0 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 90 Breastfed until died 92 Ever breastfed, not currently breastfeeding 93 Not asked (child died) 94 Never breastfed 95 Still breastfeeding 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Duration of breastfeeding in months (fifth to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (fifth to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (fifth to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (fifth to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (fifth to last birth) 433) For how many months did you breastfeed (NAME)? MONTHS: ___ UNTIL DIED 95 (GO TO 436) 00 0 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 90 Breastfed until died 92 Ever breastfed, not currently breastfeeding 93 Not asked (child died) 94 Never breastfed 95 Still breastfeeding 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Duration of breastfeeding in months (sixth to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (sixth to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (sixth to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (sixth to last birth) Duration of breastfeeding in months (sixth to last birth) 00 0 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 90 Breastfed until died 92 Ever breastfed, not currently breastfeeding 93 Not asked (child died) 94 Never breastfed 95 Still breastfeeding 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration 1 BRSFDFLAG_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, BRSFDFLAG_ALL (M27_x) is a flag variable that indicates the type of problem, if any, found in editing the duration of breastfeeding. Cases without a problem are coded 0. BRSFDFLAG_ALL consists of a set of up to six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (BRSFDFLAG_01) up to, potentially, the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., BRSFDFLAG_02, BRSFDFLAG_03, BRSFDFLAG_04, BRSFDFLAG_05, and BRSFDFLAG_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If BRSFDFLAG_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. The information in BRSFDFLAG_ALL was collected for all births within the reference period preceding the survey. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then BRSFDFLAG_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. For duration of breastfeeding, see BRSFEDUR_ALL (M4_x). IPUMS Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (last birth) Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (last birth) Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (last birth) Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (last birth) Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (last birth) No flag 1 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview 2 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview by only 1 month 3 Greater than interval between birth and age at death 4 During pregnancy in calendar 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years, BRSFDFLAG_01 (M27_01) is a flag variable that indicates the type of problem, if any, found in editing the duration of breastfeeding. Cases without a problem are coded 0. For duration of breastfeeding, see BRSFEDUR_01 (M4_01). IPUMS Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (second to last birth) Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (second to last birth) Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (second to last birth) Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (second to last birth) Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (second to last birth) No flag 1 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview 2 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview by only 1 month 3 Greater than interval between birth and age at death 4 During pregnancy in calendar 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (third to last birth) Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (third to last birth) Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (third to last birth) Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (third to last birth) Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (third to last birth) No flag 1 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview 2 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview by only 1 month 3 Greater than interval between birth and age at death 4 During pregnancy in calendar 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (fourth to last birth) Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (fourth to last birth) Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (fourth to last birth) Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (fourth to last birth) Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (fourth to last birth) No flag 1 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview 2 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview by only 1 month 3 Greater than interval between birth and age at death 4 During pregnancy in calendar 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (fifth to last birth) Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (fifth to last birth) Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (fifth to last birth) Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (fifth to last birth) Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (fifth to last birth) No flag 1 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview 2 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview by only 1 month 3 Greater than interval between birth and age at death 4 During pregnancy in calendar 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (sixth to last birth) Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (sixth to last birth) Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (sixth to last birth) Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (sixth to last birth) Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration (sixth to last birth) No flag 1 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview 2 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview by only 1 month 3 Greater than interval between birth and age at death 4 During pregnancy in calendar 9 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Time from birth until child first breastfed Time from birth until child first breastfed Time from birth until child first breastfed Time from birth until child first breastfed Time from birth until child first breastfed 426) FOR MOST RECENT BIRTH: How long after birth did you first put (NAME) to the breast? IF LESS THAN 1 HOUR, RECORD '00' HOURS. IF LESS THAN 24 HOURS, RECORD HOURS. OTHERWISE, RECORD DAYS. IMMEDIATELY 000 HOURS: ___ 1 DAYS: ___ 2 1 BRSFEDST_ALL available For women who gave birth in the three to five years preceding the survey and who ever breastfed the infant, BRSFEDST_ALL (M34_x) reports the length of time between the birth and when the woman first breastfed her child. Following DHS convention, intervals reported in hours are coded with a "1" in the first digit, and intervals reported in days are coded with a "2" in the first digit. BRSFEDST_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (BRSFEDST_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., BRSFEDST_02, BRSFEDST_03, BRSFEDST_04, BRSFEDST_05, and BRSFEDST_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If BRSFEDST_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For surveys including this question, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then BRSFEDST_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. Many surveys, noted in the Comparability section, collected this information for the last-born child only. IPUMS Time from birth until child first breastfed (last birth) Time from birth until child first breastfed (last birth) Time from birth until child first breastfed (last birth) Time from birth until child first breastfed (last birth) Time from birth until child first breastfed (last birth) 426) FOR MOST RECENT BIRTH: How long after birth did you first put (NAME) to the breast? IF LESS THAN 1 HOUR, RECORD '00' HOURS. IF LESS THAN 24 HOURS, RECORD HOURS. OTHERWISE, RECORD DAYS. IMMEDIATELY 000 HOURS: ___ 1 DAYS: ___ 2 000 Immediately 100 Within 1 hour 101 1 hour 102 2 hours 103 3 104 4 105 5 106 6 107 7 108 8 109 9 110 10 111 11 112 12 113 13 114 14 115 15 116 16 117 17 118 18 119 19 120 20 121 21 122 22 123 23 124 24 125 25 126 26 127 27 128 28 129 29 130 30 131 31 132 32 133 33 134 34 135 35 136 36 137 37 138 38 139 39 140 40 141 41 142 42 143 43 144 44 145 45 146 46 147 47 148 48 149 49 150 50 160 60 170 70 180 80 190 90 199 Hours, number unspecified 200 Same day 201 1 day 202 2 days 203 3 204 4 205 5 206 6 207 7 208 8 209 9 210 10 211 11 212 12 213 13 214 14 215 15 216 16 217 17 218 18 219 19 220 20 221 21 222 22 223 23 224 24 225 25 226 26 227 27 228 28 229 29 230 30 231 31 232 32 233 33 234 34 235 35 236 36 237 37 238 38 239 39 240 40 241 41 242 42 243 43 244 44 245 45 246 46 247 47 248 48 249 49 250 50 251 51 252 52 253 53 254 54 255 55 256 56 257 57 258 58 259 59 260 60 261 61 262 62 263 63 264 64 265 65 266 66 267 67 268 68 269 69 270 70 271 71 272 72 273 73 274 74 275 75 276 76 277 77 278 78 279 79 280 80 281 81 282 82 283 83 284 84 285 85 286 86 287 87 288 88 289 89 290 90 291 91 292 92 293 93 294 94 295 95 296 96 297 97 298 98 299 Days, number unspecified 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the three to five years preceding the survey and who ever breastfed the infant, BRSFEDST_01 (M34_1) reports the length of time between the birth and when the woman first breastfed her child (for the last birth). Following DHS convention, intervals reported in hours are coded with a "1" in the first digit, and intervals reported in days are coded with a "2" in the first digit. IPUMS Time from birth until child first breastfed (second to last birth) Time from birth until child first breastfed (second to last birth) Time from birth until child first breastfed (second to last birth) Time from birth until child first breastfed (second to last birth) Time from birth until child first breastfed (second to last birth) 000 Immediately 100 Within 1 hour 101 1 hour 102 2 hours 103 3 104 4 105 5 106 6 107 7 108 8 109 9 110 10 111 11 112 12 113 13 114 14 115 15 116 16 117 17 118 18 119 19 120 20 121 21 122 22 123 23 124 24 125 25 126 26 127 27 128 28 129 29 130 30 131 31 132 32 133 33 134 34 135 35 136 36 137 37 138 38 139 39 140 40 141 41 142 42 143 43 144 44 145 45 146 46 147 47 148 48 149 49 150 50 160 60 170 70 180 80 190 90 199 Hours, number unspecified 200 Same day 201 1 day 202 2 days 203 3 204 4 205 5 206 6 207 7 208 8 209 9 210 10 211 11 212 12 213 13 214 14 215 15 216 16 217 17 218 18 219 19 220 20 221 21 222 22 223 23 224 24 225 25 226 26 227 27 228 28 229 29 230 30 231 31 232 32 233 33 234 34 235 35 236 36 237 37 238 38 239 39 240 40 241 41 242 42 243 43 244 44 245 45 246 46 247 47 248 48 249 49 250 50 251 51 252 52 253 53 254 54 255 55 256 56 257 57 258 58 259 59 260 60 261 61 262 62 263 63 264 64 265 65 266 66 267 67 268 68 269 69 270 70 271 71 272 72 273 73 274 74 275 75 276 76 277 77 278 78 279 79 280 80 281 81 282 82 283 83 284 84 285 85 286 86 287 87 288 88 289 89 290 90 291 91 292 92 293 93 294 94 295 95 296 96 297 97 298 98 299 Days, number unspecified 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Time from birth until child first breastfed (third to last birth) Time from birth until child first breastfed (third to last birth) Time from birth until child first breastfed (third to last birth) Time from birth until child first breastfed (third to last birth) Time from birth until child first breastfed (third to last birth) 000 Immediately 100 Within 1 hour 101 1 hour 102 2 hours 103 3 104 4 105 5 106 6 107 7 108 8 109 9 110 10 111 11 112 12 113 13 114 14 115 15 116 16 117 17 118 18 119 19 120 20 121 21 122 22 123 23 124 24 125 25 126 26 127 27 128 28 129 29 130 30 131 31 132 32 133 33 134 34 135 35 136 36 137 37 138 38 139 39 140 40 141 41 142 42 143 43 144 44 145 45 146 46 147 47 148 48 149 49 150 50 160 60 170 70 180 80 190 90 199 Hours, number unspecified 200 Same day 201 1 day 202 2 days 203 3 204 4 205 5 206 6 207 7 208 8 209 9 210 10 211 11 212 12 213 13 214 14 215 15 216 16 217 17 218 18 219 19 220 20 221 21 222 22 223 23 224 24 225 25 226 26 227 27 228 28 229 29 230 30 231 31 232 32 233 33 234 34 235 35 236 36 237 37 238 38 239 39 240 40 241 41 242 42 243 43 244 44 245 45 246 46 247 47 248 48 249 49 250 50 251 51 252 52 253 53 254 54 255 55 256 56 257 57 258 58 259 59 260 60 261 61 262 62 263 63 264 64 265 65 266 66 267 67 268 68 269 69 270 70 271 71 272 72 273 73 274 74 275 75 276 76 277 77 278 78 279 79 280 80 281 81 282 82 283 83 284 84 285 85 286 86 287 87 288 88 289 89 290 90 291 91 292 92 293 93 294 94 295 95 296 96 297 97 298 98 299 Days, number unspecified 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Time from birth until child first breastfed (fourth to last birth) Time from birth until child first breastfed (fourth to last birth) Time from birth until child first breastfed (fourth to last birth) Time from birth until child first breastfed (fourth to last birth) Time from birth until child first breastfed (fourth to last birth) 000 Immediately 100 Within 1 hour 101 1 hour 102 2 hours 103 3 104 4 105 5 106 6 107 7 108 8 109 9 110 10 111 11 112 12 113 13 114 14 115 15 116 16 117 17 118 18 119 19 120 20 121 21 122 22 123 23 124 24 125 25 126 26 127 27 128 28 129 29 130 30 131 31 132 32 133 33 134 34 135 35 136 36 137 37 138 38 139 39 140 40 141 41 142 42 143 43 144 44 145 45 146 46 147 47 148 48 149 49 150 50 160 60 170 70 180 80 190 90 199 Hours, number unspecified 200 Same day 201 1 day 202 2 days 203 3 204 4 205 5 206 6 207 7 208 8 209 9 210 10 211 11 212 12 213 13 214 14 215 15 216 16 217 17 218 18 219 19 220 20 221 21 222 22 223 23 224 24 225 25 226 26 227 27 228 28 229 29 230 30 231 31 232 32 233 33 234 34 235 35 236 36 237 37 238 38 239 39 240 40 241 41 242 42 243 43 244 44 245 45 246 46 247 47 248 48 249 49 250 50 251 51 252 52 253 53 254 54 255 55 256 56 257 57 258 58 259 59 260 60 261 61 262 62 263 63 264 64 265 65 266 66 267 67 268 68 269 69 270 70 271 71 272 72 273 73 274 74 275 75 276 76 277 77 278 78 279 79 280 80 281 81 282 82 283 83 284 84 285 85 286 86 287 87 288 88 289 89 290 90 291 91 292 92 293 93 294 94 295 95 296 96 297 97 298 98 299 Days, number unspecified 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Time from birth until child first breastfed (fifth to last birth) Time from birth until child first breastfed (fifth to last birth) Time from birth until child first breastfed (fifth to last birth) Time from birth until child first breastfed (fifth to last birth) Time from birth until child first breastfed (fifth to last birth) 000 Immediately 100 Within 1 hour 101 1 hour 102 2 hours 103 3 104 4 105 5 106 6 107 7 108 8 109 9 110 10 111 11 112 12 113 13 114 14 115 15 116 16 117 17 118 18 119 19 120 20 121 21 122 22 123 23 124 24 125 25 126 26 127 27 128 28 129 29 130 30 131 31 132 32 133 33 134 34 135 35 136 36 137 37 138 38 139 39 140 40 141 41 142 42 143 43 144 44 145 45 146 46 147 47 148 48 149 49 150 50 160 60 170 70 180 80 190 90 199 Hours, number unspecified 200 DAYS 201 1 day 202 2 days 203 3 204 4 205 5 206 6 207 7 208 8 209 9 210 10 211 11 212 12 213 13 214 14 215 15 216 16 217 17 218 18 219 19 220 20 221 21 222 22 223 23 224 24 225 25 226 26 227 27 228 28 229 29 230 30 231 31 232 32 233 33 234 34 235 35 236 36 237 37 238 38 239 39 240 40 241 41 242 42 243 43 244 44 245 45 246 46 247 47 248 48 249 49 250 50 251 51 252 52 253 53 254 54 255 55 256 56 257 57 258 58 259 59 260 60 261 61 262 62 263 63 264 64 265 65 266 66 267 67 268 68 269 69 270 70 271 71 272 72 273 73 274 74 275 75 276 76 277 77 278 78 279 79 280 80 281 81 282 82 283 83 284 84 285 85 286 86 287 87 288 88 289 89 290 90 291 91 292 92 293 93 294 94 295 95 296 96 297 97 298 98 299 Days, number unspecified 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Time from birth until child first breastfed (sixth to last birth) Time from birth until child first breastfed (sixth to last birth) Time from birth until child first breastfed (sixth to last birth) Time from birth until child first breastfed (sixth to last birth) Time from birth until child first breastfed (sixth to last birth) 000 Immediately 100 Within 1 hour 101 1 hour 102 2 hours 103 3 104 4 105 5 106 6 107 7 108 8 109 9 110 10 111 11 112 12 113 13 114 14 115 15 116 16 117 17 118 18 119 19 120 20 121 21 122 22 123 23 124 24 125 25 126 26 127 27 128 28 129 29 130 30 131 31 132 32 133 33 134 34 135 35 136 36 137 37 138 38 139 39 140 40 141 41 142 42 143 43 144 44 145 45 146 46 147 47 148 48 149 49 150 50 160 60 170 70 180 80 190 90 199 Hours, number unspecified 200 DAYS 201 1 day 202 2 days 203 3 204 4 205 5 206 6 207 7 208 8 209 9 210 10 211 11 212 12 213 13 214 14 215 15 216 16 217 17 218 18 219 19 220 20 221 21 222 22 223 23 224 24 225 25 226 26 227 27 228 28 229 29 230 30 231 31 232 32 233 33 234 34 235 35 236 36 237 37 238 38 239 39 240 40 241 41 242 42 243 43 244 44 245 45 246 46 247 47 248 48 249 49 250 50 251 51 252 52 253 53 254 54 255 55 256 56 257 57 258 58 259 59 260 60 261 61 262 62 263 63 264 64 265 65 266 66 267 67 268 68 269 69 270 70 271 71 272 72 273 73 274 74 275 75 276 76 277 77 278 78 279 79 280 80 281 81 282 82 283 83 284 84 285 85 286 86 287 87 288 88 289 89 290 90 291 91 292 92 293 93 294 94 295 95 296 96 297 97 298 98 299 Days, number unspecified 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS When mother first put last-born child to breast When mother first put last-born child to breast When mother first put last-born child to breast When mother first put last-born child to breast When mother first put last-born child to breast 426) FOR MOST RECENT BIRTH: How long after birth did you first put (NAME) to the breast? IF LESS THAN 1 HOUR, RECORD '00' HOURS. IF LESS THAN 24 HOURS, RECORD HOURS. OTHERWISE, RECORD DAYS. IMMEDIATELY 000 HOURS: ___ 1 DAYS: ___ 2 000 Immediately 100 Within first hour 101 1 hour 102 2 hours 103 3 hours 104 4 hours 105 5 hours 106 6 hours 107 7 hours 108 8 hours 109 9 hours 110 10 hours 111 11 hours 112 12 hours 113 13 hours 114 14 hours 115 15 hours 116 16 hours 117 17 hours 118 18 hours 119 19 hours 120 20 hours 121 21 hours 122 22 hours 123 23 hours 124 24 hours 125 25 hours 126 26 hours 127 27 hours 128 28 hours 129 29 hours 130 30 hours 131 31 hours 132 32 hours 133 33 hours 134 34 hours 135 35 hours 136 36 hours 137 37 hours 138 38 hours 139 39 hours 140 40 hours 141 41 hours 142 42 hours 143 43 hours 144 44 hours 145 45 hours 146 46 hours 147 47 hours 148 48 hours 149 49 hours 150 50 hours 151 51 hours 152 52 hours 153 53 hours 154 54 hours 155 55 hours 156 56 hours 157 57 hours 158 58 hours 159 59 hours 160 60 hours 161 61 hours 162 62 hours 163 63 hours 164 64 hours 165 65 hours 166 66 hours 167 67 hours 168 68 hours 169 69 hours 170 70 hours 171 71 hours 172 72 hours 173 73 hours 174 74 hours 175 75 hours 176 76 hours 177 77 hours 178 78 hours 179 79 hours 180 80 hours 181 81 hours 182 82 hours 183 83 hours 184 84 hours 185 85 hours 186 86 hours 187 87 hours 188 88 hours 189 89 hours 190 90 hours 199 Hours: Number missing 200 Within first day 201 1 day 202 2 days 203 3 days 204 4 days 205 5 days 206 6 days 207 7 days 208 8 days 209 9 days 210 10 days 211 11 days 212 12 days 213 13 days 214 14 days 215 15 days 216 16 days 217 17 days 218 18 days 219 19 days 220 20 days 221 21 days 222 22 days 223 23 days 224 24 days 225 25 days 226 26 days 227 27 days 228 28 days 229 29 days 230 30 days 231 31 days 232 32 days 233 33 days 234 34 days 235 35 days 236 36 days 237 37 days 238 38 days 239 39 days 240 40 days 241 41 days 242 42 days 243 43 days 244 44 days 245 45 days 246 46 days 247 47 days 248 48 days 249 49 days 250 50 days 251 51 days 252 52 days 253 53 days 254 54 days 255 55 days 256 56 days 257 57 days 258 58 days 259 59 days 260 60 days 261 61 days 262 62 days 263 63 days 264 64 days 265 65 days 266 66 days 267 67 days 268 68 days 269 69 days 270 70 days 271 71 days 272 72 days 273 73 days 274 74 days 275 75 days 276 76 days 277 77 days 278 78 days 279 79 days 280 80 days 281 81 days 282 82 days 283 83 days 284 84 days 285 85 days 286 86 days 287 87 days 288 88 days 289 89 days 290 90 days 299 Days: Number missing 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years and breastfed their last-born child, BFEEDST (V426) reports the length of time between the birth and when the woman first breastfed her last-born child. Following DHS convention, intervals reported in hours are coded with a "1" in the first digit, and intervals reported in days are coded with a "2" in the first digit. When women are the unit of analysis, IPUMS-DHS users may also use BRSFEDST_01 (M34_1), which also reports the length of time between the birth and when the woman first breastfed her child (for the last birth). When children are the unit of analysis, BFEEDST describes a characteristic of the mother, which causes all young children of the mother to be coded the same way. Thus, a response of a certain number of hours or days in BFEEDST does not necessarily indicate that a particular child whose record is being analyzed was first breastfed after that amount of time. IPUMS-DHS users should instead employ, when available, the variable BRSFEDST (M34) to determine the length of time between the specific child's birth and when that child was first breastfed. IPUMS Reason did not breastfeed Reason did not breastfeed Reason did not breastfeed Reason did not breastfeed Reason did not breastfeed 425) Why did you not breastfeed (NAME)? MOTHER ILL/WEAK 01 (GO TO 435) CHILD ILL/WEAK 02 (GO TO 435) CHILD DIED 03 (GO TO 435) BREAST/NIPPLE PROBLEM 04 (GO TO 435) INSUFFICIENT MILK 05 (GO TO 435) MOTHER WORKING 06 (GO TO 435) CHILD REFUSED 07 (GO TO 435) OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 08 (GO TO 435) 1 WHYNOBRFD_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years and never breastfed the child, WHYNOBRFD_ALL (M20_x) reports why they did not breastfeed. WHYNOBRFD_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (WHYNOBRFD_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., WHYNOBRFD_02, WHYNOBRFD_03, WHYNOBRFD_04, WHYNOBRFD_05, and WHYNOBRFD_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If WHYNOBRFD_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For surveys including this question, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then WHYNOBRFD_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Reason did not breastfeed (last birth) Reason did not breastfeed (last birth) Reason did not breastfeed (last birth) Reason did not breastfeed (last birth) Reason did not breastfeed (last birth) 425) Why did you not breastfeed (NAME)? MOTHER ILL/WEAK 01 (GO TO 435) CHILD ILL/WEAK 02 (GO TO 435) CHILD DIED 03 (GO TO 435) BREAST/NIPPLE PROBLEM 04 (GO TO 435) INSUFFICIENT MILK 05 (GO TO 435) MOTHER WORKING 06 (GO TO 435) CHILD REFUSED 07 (GO TO 435) OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 08 (GO TO 435) 10 Health problem 11 Mother ill or weak 12 Child ill or weak 13 Child died 20 Breastmilk problem 21 Nipple, breast problem 22 Insufficient milk 30 Mother busy 31 Mother working 32 Inconvenient 40 Child's attitude 41 Child refused 42 Child preferred bottle 50 Reproductive/family planning reason 51 Mother became pregnant 52 Started using method 60 Mother does not know how 70 Other reason 71 Child has grown 72 Mother's figure concern 95 Other 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) See WHYNOBRFD_ALL. IPUMS Reason did not breastfeed (second to last birth) Reason did not breastfeed (second to last birth) Reason did not breastfeed (second to last birth) Reason did not breastfeed (second to last birth) Reason did not breastfeed (second to last birth) 425) Why did you not breastfeed (NAME)? MOTHER ILL/WEAK 01 (GO TO 435) CHILD ILL/WEAK 02 (GO TO 435) CHILD DIED 03 (GO TO 435) BREAST/NIPPLE PROBLEM 04 (GO TO 435) INSUFFICIENT MILK 05 (GO TO 435) MOTHER WORKING 06 (GO TO 435) CHILD REFUSED 07 (GO TO 435) OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 08 (GO TO 435) 72 Mother's figure concern 71 Child has grown 70 Other reason 60 Mother does not know how 52 Started using method 51 Mother became pregnant 50 Reproductive/family planning reason 42 Child preferred bottle 41 Child refused 40 Child's attitude 32 Inconvenient 31 Mother working 30 Mother busy 22 Insufficient milk 21 Nipple, breast problem 20 Breastmilk problem 13 Child died 12 Child ill or weak 95 Other 11 Mother ill or weak 10 Health problem 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Reason did not breastfeed (third to last birth) Reason did not breastfeed (third to last birth) Reason did not breastfeed (third to last birth) Reason did not breastfeed (third to last birth) Reason did not breastfeed (third to last birth) 425) Why did you not breastfeed (NAME)? MOTHER ILL/WEAK 01 (GO TO 435) CHILD ILL/WEAK 02 (GO TO 435) CHILD DIED 03 (GO TO 435) BREAST/NIPPLE PROBLEM 04 (GO TO 435) INSUFFICIENT MILK 05 (GO TO 435) MOTHER WORKING 06 (GO TO 435) CHILD REFUSED 07 (GO TO 435) OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 08 (GO TO 435) 72 Mother's figure concern 71 Child has grown 70 Other reason 60 Mother does not know how 52 Started using method 51 Mother became pregnant 50 Reproductive/family planning reason 42 Child preferred bottle 41 Child refused 40 Child's attitude 32 Inconvenient 31 Mother working 30 Mother busy 22 Insufficient milk 21 Nipple, breast problem 20 Breastmilk problem 13 Child died 12 Child ill or weak 95 Other 11 Mother ill or weak 10 Health problem 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Reason did not breastfeed (fourth to last birth) Reason did not breastfeed (fourth to last birth) Reason did not breastfeed (fourth to last birth) Reason did not breastfeed (fourth to last birth) Reason did not breastfeed (fourth to last birth) 425) Why did you not breastfeed (NAME)? MOTHER ILL/WEAK 01 (GO TO 435) CHILD ILL/WEAK 02 (GO TO 435) CHILD DIED 03 (GO TO 435) BREAST/NIPPLE PROBLEM 04 (GO TO 435) INSUFFICIENT MILK 05 (GO TO 435) MOTHER WORKING 06 (GO TO 435) CHILD REFUSED 07 (GO TO 435) OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 08 (GO TO 435) 72 Mother's figure concern 71 Child has grown 70 Other reason 60 Mother does not know how 52 Started using method 51 Mother became pregnant 50 Reproductive/family planning reason 42 Child preferred bottle 41 Child refused 40 Child's attitude 32 Inconvenient 31 Mother working 30 Mother busy 22 Insufficient milk 21 Nipple, breast problem 20 Breastmilk problem 13 Child died 12 Child ill or weak 95 Other 11 Mother ill or weak 10 Health problem 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Reason did not breastfeed (fifth to last birth) Reason did not breastfeed (fifth to last birth) Reason did not breastfeed (fifth to last birth) Reason did not breastfeed (fifth to last birth) Reason did not breastfeed (fifth to last birth) 72 Mother's figure concern 71 Child has grown 70 Other reason 60 Mother does not know how 52 Using pill 51 Mother became pregnant 50 Reproductive/family planning reason 42 Child preferred bottle 41 Child refused 40 Child's attitude 32 Inconvenient 31 Mother working 30 Mother busy 22 Insufficient milk 21 Nipple, breast problem 20 Breastmilk problem 13 Child died 12 Child ill or weak 95 Other 11 Mother ill or weak 10 Health problem 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Reason stopped breastfeeding Reason stopped breastfeeding Reason stopped breastfeeding Reason stopped breastfeeding Reason stopped breastfeeding 434) Why did you stop breastfeeding (NAME)? MOTHER ILL/WEAK 01 CHILD ILL/WEAK 02 CHILD DIED 03 BREAST/NIPPLE PROBLEM 04 INSUFFICIENT MILK 05 MOTHER WORKING 06 CHILD REFUSED 07 WEANING AGE 08 BECAME PREGNANT 09 STARTED USING CONTRACEPTION 10 OTHER (SPECIFY):___ 11 1 WHYSTBRFD_ALL available For women who gave birth in the last three to five years and stopped breastfeeding their child, WHYSTBRFD_ALL (M21_x) reports why they stopped breastfeeding. Children who were breastfed until they died are coded 13 (Child died) as the reason for stopping breastfeeding. WHYSTBRFD_ALL consists of a set of six separate variables, covering the most recent birth (WHYSTBRFD_01) up to the sixth-most-recent birth (i.e., WHYSTBRFD_02, WHYSTBRFD_03, WHYSTBRFD_04, WHYSTBRFD_05, and WHYSTBRFD_06) during the reference period prior to the survey. If WHYSTBRFD_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. For surveys including this question, information for this variable was collected on all births, up to a maximum of six, in the reference period. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to six births, but no women in the survey had so many births (e.g., no woman had 4 or more births in 3 years, or had 5 or 6 births in 5 years). If, for example, no woman in a survey had 6 births in five years and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then WHYSTBRFD_06 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. Some surveys, specified in the Comparability section, collected this information for the last-born child only. IPUMS Reason stopped breastfeeding (last child) Reason stopped breastfeeding (last child) Reason stopped breastfeeding (last child) Reason stopped breastfeeding (last child) Reason stopped breastfeeding (last child) 434) Why did you stop breastfeeding (NAME)? MOTHER ILL/WEAK 01 CHILD ILL/WEAK 02 CHILD DIED 03 BREAST/NIPPLE PROBLEM 04 INSUFFICIENT MILK 05 MOTHER WORKING 06 CHILD REFUSED 07 WEANING AGE 08 BECAME PREGNANT 09 STARTED USING CONTRACEPTION 10 OTHER (SPECIFY):___ 11 10 Health problem 11 Mother ill or weak 12 Child ill or weak 13 Child died 14 Child had diarrhea 15 Improve child health 20 Breastmilk problem 21 Nipple, breast problem 22 Insufficient milk 30 Mother busy 31 Mother working 32 Mother at school 33 Inconvenient 40 Child's attitude 41 Child refused 42 Child refused food 43 Child preferred bottle 50 Weaning age 60 Reproductive/family planning reason 61 Became pregnant 62 Started using method 63 Wanted to start method 64 Wanted another child 70 Other reason 71 Husband disapproved 72 Mother's figure concern 95 Other 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know if ever breastfed 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) See WHYSTBRFD_ALL. IPUMS Reason stopped breastfeeding (second to last child) Reason stopped breastfeeding (second to last child) Reason stopped breastfeeding (second to last child) Reason stopped breastfeeding (second to last child) Reason stopped breastfeeding (second to last child) 434) Why did you stop breastfeeding (NAME)? MOTHER ILL/WEAK 01 CHILD ILL/WEAK 02 CHILD DIED 03 BREAST/NIPPLE PROBLEM 04 INSUFFICIENT MILK 05 MOTHER WORKING 06 CHILD REFUSED 07 WEANING AGE 08 BECAME PREGNANT 09 STARTED USING CONTRACEPTION 10 OTHER (SPECIFY):___ 11 95 Other 72 Mother's figure concern 71 Husband disapproved 70 Other reason 64 Wanted another child 63 Wanted to start method 62 Started using method 61 Became pregnant 60 Reproductive/family planning reason 50 Weaning age 43 Child preferred bottle 42 Child refused food 41 Child refused 40 Child's attitude 33 Inconvenient 32 Mother at school 31 Mother working 30 Mother busy 22 Insufficient milk 21 Nipple, breast problem 10 Health problem 11 Mother ill or weak 12 Child ill or weak 13 Child died 14 Child had diarrhea 15 Improve child health 20 Breastmilk problem 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know if ever breastfed 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Reason stopped breastfeeding (third to last child) Reason stopped breastfeeding (third to last child) Reason stopped breastfeeding (third to last child) Reason stopped breastfeeding (third to last child) Reason stopped breastfeeding (third to last child) 434) Why did you stop breastfeeding (NAME)? MOTHER ILL/WEAK 01 CHILD ILL/WEAK 02 CHILD DIED 03 BREAST/NIPPLE PROBLEM 04 INSUFFICIENT MILK 05 MOTHER WORKING 06 CHILD REFUSED 07 WEANING AGE 08 BECAME PREGNANT 09 STARTED USING CONTRACEPTION 10 OTHER (SPECIFY):___ 11 95 Other 72 Mother's figure concern 71 Husband disapproved 70 Other reason 64 Wanted another child 63 Wanted to start method 62 Started using method 61 Became pregnant 60 Reproductive/family planning reason 50 Weaning age 43 Child preferred bottle 42 Child refused food 41 Child refused 40 Child's attitude 33 Inconvenient 32 Mother at school 31 Mother working 30 Mother busy 22 Insufficient milk 21 Nipple, breast problem 10 Health problem 11 Mother ill or weak 12 Child ill or weak 13 Child died 14 Child had diarrhea 15 Improve child health 20 Breastmilk problem 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know if ever breastfed 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Reason stopped breastfeeding (fourth to last child) Reason stopped breastfeeding (fourth to last child) Reason stopped breastfeeding (fourth to last child) Reason stopped breastfeeding (fourth to last child) Reason stopped breastfeeding (fourth to last child) 434) Why did you stop breastfeeding (NAME)? MOTHER ILL/WEAK 01 CHILD ILL/WEAK 02 CHILD DIED 03 BREAST/NIPPLE PROBLEM 04 INSUFFICIENT MILK 05 MOTHER WORKING 06 CHILD REFUSED 07 WEANING AGE 08 BECAME PREGNANT 09 STARTED USING CONTRACEPTION 10 OTHER (SPECIFY):___ 11 95 Other 72 Mother's figure concern 71 Husband disapproved 70 Other reason 64 Wanted another child 63 Wanted to start method 62 Started using method 61 Became pregnant 60 Reproductive/family planning reason 50 Weaning age 43 Child preferred bottle 42 Child refused food 41 Child refused 40 Child's attitude 33 Inconvenient 32 Mother at school 31 Mother working 30 Mother busy 22 Insufficient milk 21 Nipple, breast problem 10 Health problem 11 Mother ill or weak 12 Child ill or weak 13 Child died 14 Child had diarrhea 15 Improve child health 20 Breastmilk problem 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know if ever breastfed 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Reason stopped breastfeeding (fifth to last child) Reason stopped breastfeeding (fifth to last child) Reason stopped breastfeeding (fifth to last child) Reason stopped breastfeeding (fifth to last child) Reason stopped breastfeeding (fifth to last child) 434) Why did you stop breastfeeding (NAME)? MOTHER ILL/WEAK 01 CHILD ILL/WEAK 02 CHILD DIED 03 BREAST/NIPPLE PROBLEM 04 INSUFFICIENT MILK 05 MOTHER WORKING 06 CHILD REFUSED 07 WEANING AGE 08 BECAME PREGNANT 09 STARTED USING CONTRACEPTION 10 OTHER (SPECIFY):___ 11 95 Other 72 Mother's figure concern 71 Husband disapproved 70 Other reason 64 Wanted another child 63 Wanted to start method 62 Started using method 61 Became pregnant 60 Reproductive/family planning reason 50 Weaning age 43 Child preferred bottle 42 Child refused food 41 Child refused 40 Child's attitude 33 Inconvenient 32 Mother at school 31 Mother working 30 Mother busy 22 Insufficient milk 21 Nipple, breast problem 10 Health problem 11 Mother ill or weak 12 Child ill or weak 13 Child died 14 Child had diarrhea 15 Improve child health 20 Breastmilk problem 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know if ever breastfed 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Reason stopped breastfeeding (sixth to last child) Reason stopped breastfeeding (sixth to last child) Reason stopped breastfeeding (sixth to last child) Reason stopped breastfeeding (sixth to last child) Reason stopped breastfeeding (sixth to last child) 95 Other 72 Mother's figure concern 71 Husband disapproved 70 Other reason 64 Wanted another child 63 Wanted to start method 62 Started using method 61 Became pregnant 60 Reproductive/family planning reason 50 Weaning age 43 Child preferred bottle 42 Child refused food 41 Child refused 40 Child's attitude 33 Inconvenient 32 Mother at school 31 Mother working 30 Mother busy 22 Insufficient milk 21 Nipple, breast problem 10 Health problem 11 Mother ill or weak 12 Child ill or weak 13 Child died 14 Child had diarrhea 15 Improve child health 20 Breastmilk problem 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know if ever breastfed 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Heard of ORS for diarrhea treatment Heard of ORS for diarrhea treatment Heard of ORS for diarrhea treatment Heard of ORS for diarrhea treatment Heard of ORS for diarrhea treatment 483) Have you heard of a special product in a packet that you can get for the treatment of diarrhea and vomiting? YES 1 (GO TO 485) NO 2 10 No 20 Yes 21 Used ORS 22 Heard of ORS 23 Recognized ORS packet 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) DIATRORSHEARD (V416) indicates whether the woman ever heard of using an oral rehydration solution (ORS) to treat diarrhea. ORS generally consists of drinking water with the addition of sugar and salt (in a homemade solution) or a commercial mixture of salt, glucose, potassium chloride, and sodium bicarbonate added to clean water. IPUMS Ever prepared ORS solution Ever prepared ORS solution Ever prepared ORS solution Ever prepared ORS solution Ever prepared ORS solution 485) Have you ever prepared a solution with one of these packets to treat diarrhea for yourself or someone else? (SHOW THE PACKET) YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 488) 10 No 20 Yes 21 Used in last 2 weeks 22 Used previously 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the 3 to 5 years before the survey and have heard of ORS (oral rehydration solution), ORSPREPEV (V422) indicates whether the respondent has ever prepared a solution from an ORS packet to treat diarrhea, either for herself or for someone else. IPUMS Amount of water (in mL) used for ORS Amount of water (in mL) used for ORS Amount of water (in mL) used for ORS Amount of water (in mL) used for ORS Amount of water (in mL) used for ORS 487) How much water did you use to prepare the liquid from the special packet for diarrhea? 1/2 LITER / 1/2 CUP 01 1 LITER / 1 CUP 02 1 1/2 LITERS / 1 1/2 CUPS 03 2 LITERS / 2 CUPS 04 ACCORDING TO PACKET INSTRUCTIONS 05 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 06 DON'T KNOW 98 0250 250 0750 750 1000 1000 9993 Did not use whole packet 9994 Followed instructions on packet 9995 Unknown quantity 9996 Other uncoded sizes 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the 3 to 5 years before the survey and have prepared ORS, ORSPREPWAT (V423) reports the quantity of water, measured in milliliters, used in the preparation of the oral rehydration solution. Most samples include fixed categories such as 1/2 liter, 1 liter, and 1-1/2 liters, which are then recoded as 500, 1000, and 1500 milliliters. Some responses are also recorded as bottle sizes, such as beer bottle or coke bottle; these are also recoded in ORSPREPWAT into their respective sizes (333 and 250 milliliters, respectively). If the size of a particular container (e.g., a glass) was not known, this response is recorded as "Unknown quantity" (code "9995"). IPUMS Source of information on preparing ORS for diarrhea treatment Source of information on preparing ORS for diarrhea treatment Source of information on preparing ORS for diarrhea treatment Source of information on preparing ORS for diarrhea treatment Source of information on preparing ORS for diarrhea treatment 490) Who taught you how to prepare the home solution made with sugar, salt, and water, and which you gave to (NAME) when he/she had diarrhea? PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL 11 MEDICAL CENTER 12 MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER 13 DISPENSARY 14 MOBILE CLINIC 15 FIRST AID WORKER/MIDWIFE 16 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL 21 PRIVATE PHARMACY 22 PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE 23 PRIVATE DISPENSARY 24 OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE 31 NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE 32 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 41 100 PUBLIC SECTOR 110 Government hospital 120 Government health center 121 Rural health center 130 Government mobile clinic 140 Government health post 150 Government health worker 151 Community health worker 152 Village health guide/worker 153 Government paramedic 154 First aid worker 155 Family welfare worker 156 Lady health visitor 160 Maternal child health (MCH) center 170 Government pharmacy/dispensary 200 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR 210 Private hospital/clinic 220 Private doctor 230 Private pharmacy 240 Private mobile clinic 250 Private community health worker 300 RELIGIOUS/MISSION 310 Religious hospital/clinic 320 Religious health post 330 Religious pharmacy/dispensary 400 OTHER 410 Shop 420 Traditional practitioner 430 Friend/relative 440 Media 441 Radio 442 Printed material 443 TV 450 Immunization card 995 Other 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For women who prepared ORS for their child's diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, ORSINFOSRC (V425) reports where she learned about preparing a homemade ORS fluid for diarrhea treatment. Response categories vary across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Known source for ORS: Private doctor Known source for ORS: Private doctor Known source for ORS: Private doctor Known source for ORS: Private doctor Known source for ORS: Private doctor 488) Where can you get this packet? PROBE: Anywhere else? RECORD ALL PLACES MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D PEOPLE'S PHARMACY E MOBILE CLINIC F FIRST AID WORKER G PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL H PRIVATE PHARMACY I PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE J PRIVATE DISPENSARY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE L NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE M OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ N No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ORSPRIVDR (V424L) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a private doctor as a source for oral rehydration solution (ORS). ORS is a typically used to treat dehydration in individuals with diarrhea. IPUMS Known source for ORS: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Known source for ORS: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Known source for ORS: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Known source for ORS: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Known source for ORS: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary 488) Where can you get this packet? PROBE: Anywhere else? RECORD ALL PLACES MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D PEOPLE'S PHARMACY E MOBILE CLINIC F FIRST AID WORKER G PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL H PRIVATE PHARMACY I PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE J PRIVATE DISPENSARY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE L NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE M OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ N ***** 488) Where can you get this packet? PROBE: Anywhere else? RECORD ALL PLACES MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D PEOPLE'S PHARMACY E MOBILE CLINIC F FIRST AID WORKER G PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL H PRIVATE PHARMACY I PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE J PRIVATE DISPENSARY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE L NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE M OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ N ***** 488) Where can you get this packet? PROBE: Anywhere else? RECORD ALL PLACES MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D PEOPLE'S PHARMACY E MOBILE CLINIC F FIRST AID WORKER G PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL H PRIVATE PHARMACY I PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE J PRIVATE DISPENSARY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE L NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE M OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ N No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ORSPRIVDRUG (V424K) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary as a source for oral rehydration solution (ORS). ORS is a typically used to treat dehydration in individuals with diarrhea. Some samples in the "ORS" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of private, formal drug vendors that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in ORSPUBHC. IPUMS Known source for ORS: Private hospital/clinic Known source for ORS: Private hospital/clinic Known source for ORS: Private hospital/clinic Known source for ORS: Private hospital/clinic Known source for ORS: Private hospital/clinic 488) Where can you get this packet? PROBE: Anywhere else? RECORD ALL PLACES MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D PEOPLE'S PHARMACY E MOBILE CLINIC F FIRST AID WORKER G PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL H PRIVATE PHARMACY I PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE J PRIVATE DISPENSARY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE L NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE M OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ N No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ORSPRIVHOS (V424J) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a private hospital or clinic as a source for an oral rehydration solution (ORS). ORS is a typically used to treat dehydration in individuals with diarrhea. IPUMS Known source for ORS: Public fieldworker Known source for ORS: Public fieldworker Known source for ORS: Public fieldworker Known source for ORS: Public fieldworker Known source for ORS: Public fieldworker 488) Where can you get this packet? PROBE: Anywhere else? RECORD ALL PLACES MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D PEOPLE'S PHARMACY E MOBILE CLINIC F FIRST AID WORKER G PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL H PRIVATE PHARMACY I PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE J PRIVATE DISPENSARY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE L NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE M OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ N No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ORSPUBFW (V424E) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a public fieldworker as a source for an oral rehydration solution (ORS). ORS is a typically used to treat dehydration in individuals with diarrhea. Some samples in the "ORS" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public fieldworkers that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in ORSPUBHC. IPUMS Known source for ORS: Public health center Known source for ORS: Public health center Known source for ORS: Public health center Known source for ORS: Public health center Known source for ORS: Public health center 488) Where can you get this packet? PROBE: Anywhere else? RECORD ALL PLACES MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D PEOPLE'S PHARMACY E MOBILE CLINIC F FIRST AID WORKER G PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL H PRIVATE PHARMACY I PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE J PRIVATE DISPENSARY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE L NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE M OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ N No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ORSPUBHC (V424B) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a public health center as a source for oral rehydration solution (ORS). ORS is a typically used to treat dehydration in individuals with diarrhea. Some samples in the "ORS" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public health centers that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in ORSPUBHC. IPUMS Known source for ORS: Public hospital Known source for ORS: Public hospital Known source for ORS: Public hospital Known source for ORS: Public hospital Known source for ORS: Public hospital 488) Where can you get this packet? PROBE: Anywhere else? RECORD ALL PLACES MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D PEOPLE'S PHARMACY E MOBILE CLINIC F FIRST AID WORKER G PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL H PRIVATE PHARMACY I PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE J PRIVATE DISPENSARY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE L NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE M OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ N No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ORSPUBHOS (V424A) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a public hospital as a source for oral rehydration solution (ORS). ORS is a typically used to treat dehydration in individuals with diarrhea. IPUMS Known source for ORS: Public health post Known source for ORS: Public health post Known source for ORS: Public health post Known source for ORS: Public health post Known source for ORS: Public health post 488) Where can you get this packet? PROBE: Anywhere else? RECORD ALL PLACES MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D PEOPLE'S PHARMACY E MOBILE CLINIC F FIRST AID WORKER G PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL H PRIVATE PHARMACY I PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE J PRIVATE DISPENSARY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE L NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE M OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ N No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ORSPUBHP (V424C) indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the woman reported a public health post as a source for oral rehydration solution (ORS). ORS is a typically used to treat dehydration in individuals with diarrhea. Some samples in the "ORS" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. IPUMS Known source for ORS: Public mobile clinic Known source for ORS: Public mobile clinic Known source for ORS: Public mobile clinic Known source for ORS: Public mobile clinic Known source for ORS: Public mobile clinic 488) Where can you get this packet? PROBE: Anywhere else? RECORD ALL PLACES MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D PEOPLE'S PHARMACY E MOBILE CLINIC F FIRST AID WORKER G PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL H PRIVATE PHARMACY I PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE J PRIVATE DISPENSARY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE L NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE M OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ N No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ORSPUBMOB (V424D) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a public mobile clinic as a source for oral rehydration solution (ORS). ORS is a typically used to treat dehydration in individuals with diarrhea. IPUMS Known source of ORS: Other Known source of ORS: Other Known source of ORS: Other Known source of ORS: Other Known source of ORS: Other 488) Where can you get this packet? PROBE: Anywhere else? RECORD ALL PLACES MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D PEOPLE'S PHARMACY E MOBILE CLINIC F FIRST AID WORKER G PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL H PRIVATE PHARMACY I PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE J PRIVATE DISPENSARY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE L NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE M OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ N No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ORSOTHER (V424X) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported some "other" place as a source for oral rehydration solution (ORS). The meaning of "other" depends on the specific response categories included in a given sample. ORS is a typically used to treat dehydration in individuals with diarrhea. IPUMS Known source for ORS: Private pharmacy (Niger) Known source for ORS: Private pharmacy (Niger) Known source for ORS: Private pharmacy (Niger) Known source for ORS: Private pharmacy (Niger) Known source for ORS: Private pharmacy (Niger) 488) Where can you get this packet? PROBE: Anywhere else? RECORD ALL PLACES MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D PEOPLE'S PHARMACY E MOBILE CLINIC F FIRST AID WORKER G PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL H PRIVATE PHARMACY I PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE J PRIVATE DISPENSARY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE L NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE M OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ N No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ORSNE1 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a private pharmacy as a source for oral rehydration solution (ORS). ORS is typically used to treat dehydration in individuals with diarrhea. This response is country-specific to Niger. Some samples in the "ORS" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. ORSNE1 is combined with ORSNE2 (private dispensary) and ORSNE3 (private pharmaceutic depot) in ORSPRIVDRUG (all private, formal drug vendors) for the 1992 Niger sample. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using ORSNE1 are encouraged to review ORSPRIVDRUG for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for ORS: Private dispensary (Niger) Known source for ORS: Private dispensary (Niger) Known source for ORS: Private dispensary (Niger) Known source for ORS: Private dispensary (Niger) Known source for ORS: Private dispensary (Niger) 488) Where can you get this packet? PROBE: Anywhere else? RECORD ALL PLACES MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D PEOPLE'S PHARMACY E MOBILE CLINIC F FIRST AID WORKER G PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL H PRIVATE PHARMACY I PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE J PRIVATE DISPENSARY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE L NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE M OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ N No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ORSNE2 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a private dispensary as a source for oral rehydration solution (ORS). ORS is typically used to treat dehydration in individuals with diarrhea. This response is country-specific to Niger. Some samples in the "ORS" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. ORSNE2 is combined with ORSNE1 (private pharmacy) and ORSNE3 (private pharmaceutic depot) in ORSPRIVDRUG (all private, formal drug vendors) for the 1992 Niger sample. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using ORSNE2 are encouraged to review ORSPRIVDRUG for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for ORS: Private pharmaceutic depot (Niger) Known source for ORS: Private pharmaceutic depot (Niger) Known source for ORS: Private pharmaceutic depot (Niger) Known source for ORS: Private pharmaceutic depot (Niger) Known source for ORS: Private pharmaceutic depot (Niger) 488) Where can you get this packet? PROBE: Anywhere else? RECORD ALL PLACES MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D PEOPLE'S PHARMACY E MOBILE CLINIC F FIRST AID WORKER G PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL H PRIVATE PHARMACY I PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE J PRIVATE DISPENSARY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE L NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE M OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ N No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ORSNE3 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a private pharmaceutic depot as a source for oral rehydration solution (ORS). ORS is typically used to treat dehydration in individuals with diarrhea. This response is country-specific to Niger. Some samples in the "ORS" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. ORSNE3 is combined with ORSNE1 (private pharmacy) and ORSNE2 (private dispensary) in ORSPRIVDRUG (all private, formal drug vendors) for the 1992 Niger sample. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using ORSNE3 are encouraged to review ORSPRIVDRUG for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Code of person measuring children's height and weight Code of person measuring children's height and weight Code of person measuring children's height and weight Code of person measuring children's height and weight Code of person measuring children's height and weight 913) NAME OF MEASURER: ___ NAME OF ASSISTANT: ___ MOTHER 90 OTHER MEMBERS OF HOUSEHOLD 91 OTHER PERSONS 92 99999 NIU (not in universe) 99998 Missing 99997 Don't know 99996 Inconsistent 99995 No living children under 5 For women who gave birth in the three to five years before the survey, BIOMEASCODE (V420) reports the code assigned to the person measuring their children's height and weight. Codes are sample-specific; a given numeric code in one sample refers to a different person than the same numeric code in another sample. Using the measurer and assistant measurer (BIOASSTMEASCODE (V421)) codes, researchers can evaluate whether the quality of responses (e.g., the number of "out of range" cases) depended on the person measuring the children. IPUMS Code of assistant measurer Code of assistant measurer Code of assistant measurer Code of assistant measurer Code of assistant measurer 913) NAME OF MEASURER: ___ NAME OF ASSISTANT: ___ MOTHER 90 OTHER MEMBERS OF HOUSEHOLD 91 OTHER PERSONS 92 9992 Child's mother 9993 Household member 9994 Other 9995 No living children under 5 9996 Inconsistent 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the three to five years before the survey, BIOASSTMEASCODE (V421) reports the code assigned to the assistant measurer of their children's height and weight. Codes are sample-specific; a given numeric code in one sample refers to a different person than the same numeric code in another sample. Using the measurer (BIOMEASCODE (V420)) and assistant measurer codes, researchers can evaluate whether the quality of responses (e.g., the number of "out of range" cases) depended on the person measuring the children. IPUMS Weight of woman (kilos) Weight of woman (kilos) Weight of woman (kilos) Weight of woman (kilos) Weight of woman (kilos) 909) WEIGHT (IN KILOGRAMS): WEIGHT: ___ 9994 Not present 9995 Refused 9996 Other 9997 Out of plausible range 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) WEIGHTFEM (V437) reports the woman's weight as measured by DHS personnel. There is one implied decimal place in the weight. Dividing WEIGHTFEM by 10 will yield the woman's measured weight in kilograms. IPUMS Height of woman in centimeters Height of woman in centimeters Height of woman in centimeters Height of woman in centimeters Height of woman in centimeters 907) HEIGHT (IN CENTIMETERS): HEIGHT: ___ 9994 Not present 9995 Refused 9996 Other 9997 Out of plausible range 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) HEIGHTFEM (V438) reports the woman's height as measured by DHS personnel. HEIGHTFEM values are reported in millimeters, to preserve one centimeter decimal place without requiring the use of a decimal point. Dividing HEIGHTFEM by 10 will yield the woman's measured height in centimeters. IPUMS Height for age percentile for respondents to women's survey Height for age percentile for respondents to women's survey Height for age percentile for respondents to women's survey Height for age percentile for respondents to women's survey Height for age percentile for respondents to women's survey 907) HEIGHT (IN CENTIMETERS): HEIGHT: ___ 9995 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFHTAPCT (V439) reports the respondent's height-for-age percentile, based on smoothed percentile growth charts by age and sex developed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control. The reference standard contains data for children up to age 18. For all women age 18 and over, the value for 215 months (17 years, 11 months) is used, based on the assumption that women are fully grown by age18. HEIGHTFEM (V438) reports the respondent's length or height as measured by DHS personnel. IPUMS Height for age standard deviations from the reference median (for respondents to female survey) Height for age standard deviations from the reference median (for respondents to female survey) Height for age standard deviations from the reference median (for respondents to female survey) Height for age standard deviations from the reference median (for respondents to female survey) Height for age standard deviations from the reference median (for respondents to female survey) 907) HEIGHT (IN CENTIMETERS): HEIGHT: ___ 9995 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFHTASDRM (V440) reports the difference between the respondent's height and the median height of a reference population of the same age and sex, expressed in units equal to one standard deviation of the reference population's distribution. An anthropometry measure expressed in reference standard deviation units is also known as a Z-score. BIOFHTASDRM values are reported in units equal to 100 times the Z-score, to preserve two decimal places without requiring the use of a decimal point. Dividing BIOFHTASDRM by 100 will yield the height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) value. The reference standard contains data for children up to age 18. For all women age 18 and over, the value of 215 months (17 years, 11 months) is used, based on the assumption that women are fully grown by age 18. HEIGHTFEM (V438) reports the respondent's length or height, as measured by DHS personnel. The complementary DHS variable BIOFHTAPCT (V439) reports the respondent's height-for-age percentile within the same reference population used in BIOFHTASDRM. The complementary DHS variable BIOFHTAPCTRM (V441) reports the respondent's height-for-age as a percentage of the median of the same reference population. Unlike z-scores, percentiles do not allow comparison across age and sex and cannot assess longitudinal change in growth status. IPUMS Height for Age percent of reference median for respondents to female survey Height for Age percent of reference median for respondents to female survey Height for Age percent of reference median for respondents to female survey Height for Age percent of reference median for respondents to female survey Height for Age percent of reference median for respondents to female survey 907) HEIGHT (IN CENTIMETERS): HEIGHT: ___ 99995 Flagged cases 99998 Missing 99999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFHTAPCTRM (V441) reports the respondent's height-for-age as a percent of the median height for a reference population of the same age and sex. For this variable, the reference population was developed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control. The reference standard contains data for children up to age 18. For all women age 18 and over, the value of 215 months (17 years, 11 months) is used, based on the assumption that women are fully grown by age 18. HEIGHTFEM (V438) reports the respondent's length or height as measured by DHS personnel. The related variable BIOFHTAPCT (V439) reports the respondent's height-for-age percentile relative to smoothed percentile growth charts by age and sex, for the same reference population. IPUMS Weight for height percent of reference median (DHS) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (DHS) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (DHS) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (DHS) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (DHS) (respondents to women's survey) 909) WEIGHT (IN KILOGRAMS): WEIGHT: ___ 99995 Flagged cases 99998 Missing 99999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFWTHTRMDHS (V442) reports the respondent's weight-for-height as a percent of the median weight for a reference population of the same height. For this variable, the reference population was developed by the DHS Program. This index has been adjusted for pregnant women according to duration of pregnancy. The following variables report the respondent's weight for height as a percent of the median weight for different reference populations: BIOFWTHTRMFOG (V443) uses Metropolitan Life or Fogarty reference standards BIOFWTHTRMWHO (V444) uses WHO reference standards IPUMS Weight for height percent of reference median (MetLife or Fogarty) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (MetLife or Fogarty) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (MetLife or Fogarty) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (MetLife or Fogarty) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (MetLife or Fogarty) (respondents to women's survey) 909) WEIGHT (IN KILOGRAMS): WEIGHT: ___ 99995 Flagged cases 99998 Missing 99999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFWTHTRMFOG (V443) reports the respondent's weight-for-height as a percent of the median weight for a reference population of the same height. This variable uses the Metropolitan Life or Fogarty reference standard. This index has been adjusted for pregnant women according to duration of pregnancy. The following variables report the respondent's weight for height as a percent of the median weight for different reference populations: BIOFWTHTRMDHS (V442) uses a DHS reference standard BIOFWTHTRMWHO (V444) uses the WHO reference standard IPUMS Weight for height percent of reference median (WHO) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (WHO) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (WHO) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (WHO) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (WHO) (respondents to women's survey) 909) WEIGHT (IN KILOGRAMS): WEIGHT: ___ 99995 Flagged cases 99998 Missing 99999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFWTHTRMWHO (V444) reports the respondent's weight-for-height as a percent of the median weight for a reference population of the same height. This variable uses the World Health Organization (WHO) reference standard. This index has been adjusted for pregnant women according to duration of pregnancy. The following variables report the respondent's weight for height as a percent of the median weight for different reference populations: BIOFWTHTRMDHS (V442) uses a DHS reference standard BIOFWTHTRMFOG (V444) uses the Metropolitan Life or Fogarty reference standard IPUMS Body Mass Index (BMI) for respondents to the women's survey Body Mass Index (BMI) for respondents to the women's survey Body Mass Index (BMI) for respondents to the women's survey Body Mass Index (BMI) for respondents to the women's survey Body Mass Index (BMI) for respondents to the women's survey 909) WEIGHT (IN KILOGRAMS): WEIGHT: ___ 9995 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFBMI (V445) reports the female respondent's body mass index (BMI). BMI is an anthropometric measure relating weight to height, equal to body weight (kilograms) divided by height (meters) squared (W/(H^2)). Also known as the Quetelet Index, BMI is a measure of acute nutritional status, based on the Fogarty Metropolitan Life tables of ideal weight for height. The DHS Guide to Statistics offers the following guidelines for interpreting BMI scores for women age 15-49: Severely thin: less than 16.0 Moderately thin: 16.0 to 16.9 Mildly thin: 17.0 to 18.4 Normal: 18.5 to 24.9 Overweight: 25.0 to 29.9 Obese: 30.0 or more The original height and weight values used to calculate BMI are also included in IPUMS-DHS. WEIGHTFEM (V437) reports the respondent's weight in kilograms, as measured by DHS personnel; HEIGHTFEM (V438) reports the person's length or height in centimeters, as measured by DHS personnel. For an alternate measure of female nutrition, IPUMS-DHS users may also be interested in BIOFROHRER (V446), which reports the respondent's Rohrer's Index. This measure is equal to body weight (kilograms) divided by height (meters) cubed (W/(H^3)). IPUMS Rohrer's index (mass/height cubed) (for respondents to female survey) Rohrer's index (mass/height cubed) (for respondents to female survey) Rohrer's index (mass/height cubed) (for respondents to female survey) Rohrer's index (mass/height cubed) (for respondents to female survey) Rohrer's index (mass/height cubed) (for respondents to female survey) 909) WEIGHT (IN KILOGRAMS): WEIGHT: ___ 9995 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFROHRER (V446) reports the respondent's Rohrer's Index. Rohrer's Index is an anthropometric measure relating weight to height, equal to body weight (kilograms) divided by height (meters) cubed (W/(H^3)). Rohrer's Index is a measure of acute nutritional status, and may be used as an alternative to Body Mass Index. The original height and weight values used to calculate Rohrer's Index are also included in IPUMS-DHS. WEIGHTFEM (V437) reports the respondent's weight in kilograms as measured by DHS personnel; HEIGHTFEM (V438) reports their length or height in centimeters as measured by DHS personnel. For an alternate measure of female nutrition, IPUMS-DHS users may also be interested in BIOFBMI (V445), which reports the respondent's Body Mass Index (BMI), which is equal to body weight (kilograms) divided by height (meters) squared (W/(H^2)). IPUMS Result of measurement of the respondent Result of measurement of the respondent Result of measurement of the respondent Result of measurement of the respondent Result of measurement of the respondent 912) RESULT (WEIGHT AND HEIGHT): MEASURED 1 CHILD SICK 2 ABSENT 3 REFUSED 4 MOTHER REFUSED 5 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 6 00 Measured 10 Not measured 11 Sick 12 Not present 13 Refused 14 Incapacitated 15 Technical problems 19 Other 20 No measurement found in household 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) BIOFWHYNOTMEAS (V447) indicates whether the respondent was measured for height and weight, or, if not, why she was not measured. All "Not measured" responses have a common first digit of "1," while the second digit reveals the reason (e.g., sick, not present, refused). IPUMS Arm circumference (cm) Arm circumference (cm) Arm circumference (cm) Arm circumference (cm) Arm circumference (cm) 910) ARM CIRCUMFERENCE (IN CENTIMETERS): CIRCUMFERENCE: ___ 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the three to five years before the survey, BIOFARMCIRCCM (V436) reports the circumference of the respondent's left upper arm in millimeters. Dividing BIOFARMCIRCCM by 10 yields the respondent's measured arm circumference in centimeters. IPUMS-DHS has not recoded any numeric values in BIOFARMCIRCCM. However, some values are outside of a plausible range for adult arm circumference. Researchers are encouraged to set upper and lower bounds to reflect a plausible range. IPUMS Soil type Soil type Soil type Soil type Soil type -998 Missing 0001 Haplic Acrisols 0002 Haplic Acrisols (Alumic) 0003 Haplic Acrisols (Ferric) 0004 Haplic Acrisols (Humic) 0005 Plinthic Acrisols 0006 Vetic Acrisols 0007 Haplic Albeluvisols 0008 Histic Albeluvisols 0009 Umbric Albeluvisols 0010 Cutanic Alisols 0011 Haplic Alisols 0012 Aluandic Andosols 0013 Haplic Andosols 0014 Vitric Andosols 0015 Albic Arenosols 0016 Ferralic Arenosols 0017 Haplic Arenosols 0018 Haplic Arenosols (Calcaric) 0019 Hypoluvic Arenosols 0020 Protic Arenosols 0021 Haplic Calcisols 0022 Haplic Calcisols (Sodic) 0023 Luvic Calcisols 0024 Petric Calcisols 0025 Endogleyic Cambisols 0026 Ferralic Cambisols 0027 Haplic Cambisols 0028 Haplic Cambisols (Calcaric) 0029 Haplic Cambisols (Chromic) 0030 Haplic Cambisols (Dystric) 0031 Haplic Cambisols (Eutric) 0032 Haplic Cambisols (Humic) 0033 Haplic Cambisols (Sodic) 0034 Leptic Cambisols 0035 Vertic Cambisols 0036 Calcic Chernozems 0037 Haplic Chernozems 0038 Luvic Chernozems 0039 Haplic Cryosols 0040 Turbic Cryosols 0041 Vitric Cryosols 0042 Petric Durisols 0043 Acric Ferralsols 0044 Haplic Ferralsols 0045 Haplic Ferralsols (Rhodic) 0046 Haplic Ferralsols (Xanthic) 0047 Umbric Ferralsols 0048 Haplic Fluvisols 0049 Haplic Fluvisols (Arenic) 0050 Haplic Fluvisols (Calcaric) 0051 Haplic Fluvisols (Dystric) 0052 Haplic Fluvisols (Eutric) 0053 Calcic Gleysols 0054 Haplic Gleysols 0055 Haplic Gleysols (Dystric) 0056 Haplic Gleysols (Eutric) 0057 Mollic Gleysols 0058 Umbric Gleysols 0059 Calcic Gypsisols 0060 Haplic Gypsisols 0061 Calcic Histosols 0062 Cryic Histosols 0063 Fibric Histosols 0064 Hemic Histosols 0065 Sapric Histosols 0066 Calcic Kastanozems 0067 Haplic Kastanozems 0068 Haplic Leptosols 0069 Haplic Leptosols (Eutric) 0070 Lithic Leptosols 0071 Mollic Leptosols 0072 Rendzic Leptosols 0073 Haplic Lixisols 0074 Haplic Lixisols (Chromic) 0075 Haplic Lixisols (Ferric) 0076 Albic Luvisols 0077 Calcic Luvisols 0078 Gleyic Luvisols 0079 Haplic Luvisols 0080 Haplic Luvisols (Chromic) 0081 Haplic Luvisols (Ferric) 0082 Leptic Luvisols 0083 Stagnic Luvisols 0084 Vertic Luvisols 0085 Alic Nitisols 0086 Haplic Nitisols (Rhodic) 0087 Haplic Phaeozems 0088 Leptic Phaeozems 0089 Luvic Phaeozems 0090 Endogleyic Planosols 0091 Haplic Planosols (Dystric) 0092 Haplic Planosols (Eutric) 0093 Luvic Planosols 0094 Solodic Planosols 0095 Acric Plinthosols 0096 Lixic Plinthosols 0097 Gleyic Podzols 0098 Haplic Podzols 0099 Aric Regosols 0100 Calcaric Regosols 0101 Haplic Regosols (Dystric) 0102 Haplic Regosols (Eutric) 0103 Haplic Regosols (Sodic) 0104 Leptic Regosols 0105 Gypsic Solonchaks 0106 Haplic Solonchaks 0107 Haplic Solonchaks (Sodic) 0108 Calcic Solonetz 0109 Gleyic Solonetz 0110 Haplic Solonetz 0111 Mollic Solonetz 0112 Luvic Stagnosols 0113 Haplic Umbrisols 0114 Leptic Umbrisols 0115 Calcic Vertisols 0116 Haplic Vertisols 0117 Haplic Vertisols (Eutric) 0118 Mollic Vertisols SOIL reports the predominant soil type within a 5-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The soil attributes reported in SOIL are: soil class (e.g., Leptosols), with 30 class categories, and soil type within that class (e.g., Lithic Leptosols). SOIL is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. SOIL is based on data from SoilGrids [URL omitted from DDI.]. SoilGrids is a system for automated soil mapping based on global soil profile and covariate data. There are 118 different soil types in the world according to SoilGrids [URL omitted from DDI.]. For the full list of codes and their meaning, see the soil legend [URL omitted from DDI.]. SOIL, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Ecoregion of household Ecoregion of household Ecoregion of household Ecoregion of household Ecoregion of household -0998 Missing 10101 Admiralty Islands lowland rain forests 10102 Banda Sea Islands moist deciduous forests 10103 Biak-Numfoor rain forests 10104 Buru rain forests 10105 Central Range montane rain forests 10106 Halmahera rain forests 10107 Huon Peninsula montane rain forests 10108 Yapen rain forests 10109 Lord Howe Island subtropical forests 10110 Louisiade Archipelago rain forests 10111 New Britain-New Ireland lowland rain forests 10112 New Britain-New Ireland montane rain forests 10113 New Caledonia rain forests 10114 Norfolk Island subtropical forests 10115 Northern New Guinea lowland rain and freshwater swamp forests 10116 Northern New Guinea montane rain forests 10117 Queensland tropical rain forests 10118 Seram rain forests 10119 Solomon Islands rain forests 10120 Southeastern Papuan rain forests 10121 Southern New Guinea freshwater swamp forests 10122 Southern New Guinea lowland rain forests 10123 Sulawesi lowland rain forests 10124 Sulawesi montane rain forests 10125 Trobriand Islands rain forests 10126 Vanuatu rain forests 10127 Vogelkop montane rain forests 10128 Vogelkop-Aru lowland rain forests 10201 Lesser Sundas deciduous forests 10202 New Caledonia dry forests 10203 Sumba deciduous forests 10204 Timor and Wetar deciduous forests 10401 Chatham Island temperate forests 10402 Eastern Australian temperate forests 10403 Fiordland temperate forests 10404 Nelson Coast temperate forests 10405 North Island temperate forests 10406 Northland temperate kauri forests 10407 Rakiura Island temperate forests 10408 Richmond temperate forests 10409 Southeast Australia temperate forests 10410 South Island temperate forests 10411 Tasmanian Central Highland forests 10412 Tasmanian temperate forests 10413 Tasmanian temperate rain forests 10414 Westland temperate forests 10701 Arnhem Land tropical savanna 10702 Brigalow tropical savanna 10703 Cape York Peninsula tropical savanna 10704 Carpentaria tropical savanna 10705 Einasleigh upland savanna 10706 Kimberly tropical savanna 10707 Mitchell grass downs 10708 Trans Fly savanna and grasslands 10709 Victoria Plains tropical savanna 10801 Cantebury-Otago tussock grasslands 10802 Eastern Australia mulga shrublands 10803 Southeast Australia temperate savanna 11001 Australian Alps montane grasslands 11002 Central Range sub-alpine grasslands 11003 South Island montane grasslands 11101 Antipodes Subantarctic Islands tundra 11201 Coolgardie woodlands 11202 Esperance mallee 11203 Eyre and York mallee 11204 Jarrah-Karri forest and shrublands 11205 Swan Coastal Plain Scrub and Woodlands 11206 Mount Lofty woodlands 11207 Murray-Darling woodlands and mallee 11208 Naracoorte woodlands 11209 Southwest Australia savanna 11210 Southwest Australia woodlands 11301 Carnarvon xeric shrublands 11302 Central Ranges xeric scrub 11303 Gibson desert 11304 Great Sandy-Tanami desert 11305 Great Victoria desert 11306 Nullarbor Plains xeric shrublands 11307 Pilbara shrublands 11308 Simpson desert 11309 Tirari-Sturt stony desert 11310 Western Australian Mulga shrublands 11401 New Guinea mangroves 21101 Marielandia Antarctic tundra 21102 Maudlandia Antarctic desert 21103 Scotia Sea Islands tundra 21104 Southern Indian Ocean Islands tundra 30101 Albertine Rift montane forests 30102 Atlantic Equatorial coastal forests 30103 Cameroonian Highlands forests 30104 Central Congolian lowland forests 30105 Comoros forests 30106 Cross-Niger transition forests 30107 Cross-Sanaga-Bioko coastal forests 30108 East African montane forests 30109 Eastern Arc forests 30110 Eastern Congolian swamp forests 30111 Eastern Guinean forests 30112 Ethiopian montane forests 30113 Granitic Seychelles forests 30114 Guinean montane forests 30115 Knysna-Amatole montane forests 30116 KwaZulu-Cape coastal forest mosaic 30117 Madagascar lowland forests 30118 Madagascar subhumid forests 30119 Maputaland coastal forest mosaic 30120 Mascarene forests 30121 Mount Cameroon and Bioko montane forests 30122 Niger Delta swamp forests 30123 Nigerian lowland forests 30124 Northeastern Congolian lowland forests 30125 Northern Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal forest mosaic 30126 Northwestern Congolian lowland forests 30127 Sao Tome, Principe and Annobon moist lowland forests 30128 Southern Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal forest mosaic 30129 Western Congolian swamp forests 30130 Western Guinean lowland forests 30201 Cape Verde Islands dry forests 30202 Madagascar dry deciduous forests 30203 Zambezian Cryptosepalum dry forests 30701 Angolan Miombo woodlands 30702 Angolan Mopane woodlands 30703 Ascension scrub and grasslands 30704 Central Zambezian Miombo woodlands 30705 East Sudanian savanna 30706 Eastern Miombo woodlands 30707 Guinean forest-savanna mosaic 30708 Itigi-Sumbu thicket 30709 Kalahari Acacia-Baikiaea woodlands 30710 Mandara Plateau mosaic 30711 Northern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets 30712 Northern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic 30713 Sahelian Acacia savanna 30714 Serengeti volcanic grasslands 30715 Somali Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets 30716 Southern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets 30717 Southern Africa bushveld 30718 Southern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic 30719 Southern Miombo woodlands 30720 St. Helena scrub and woodlands 30721 Victoria Basin forest-savanna mosaic 30722 West Sudanian savanna 30723 Western Congolian forest-savanna mosaic 30724 Western Zambezian grasslands 30725 Zambezian and Mopane woodlands 30726 Zambezian Baikiaea woodlands 30801 Al Hajar montane woodlands 30802 Amsterdam and Saint-Paul Islands temperate grasslands 30803 Tristan Da Cunha-Gough Islands shrub and grasslands 30901 East African halophytics 30902 Etosha Pan halophytics 30903 Inner Niger Delta flooded savanna 30904 Lake Chad flooded savanna 30905 Saharan flooded grasslands 30906 Zambezian coastal flooded savanna 30907 Zambezian flooded grasslands 30908 Zambezian halophytics 31001 Angolan montane forest-grassland mosaic 31002 Angolan scarp savanna and woodlands 31003 Drakensberg alti-montane grasslands and woodlands 31004 Drakensberg montane grasslands, woodlands and forests 31005 East African montane moorlands 31006 Eastern Zimbabwe montane forest-grassland mosaic 31007 Ethiopian montane grasslands and woodlands 31008 Ethiopian montane moorlands 31009 Highveld grasslands 31010 Jos Plateau forest-grassland mosaic 31011 Madagascar ericoid thickets 31012 Maputaland-Pondoland bushland and thickets 31013 Rwenzori-Virunga montane moorlands 31014 South Malawi montane forest-grassland mosaic 31015 Southern Rift montane forest-grassland mosaic 31201 Albany thickets 31202 Lowland fynbos and renosterveld 31203 Montane fynbos and renosterveld 31301 Aldabra Island xeric scrub 31302 Arabian Peninsula coastal fog desert 31303 East Saharan montane xeric woodlands 31304 Eritrean coastal desert 31305 Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands 31306 Gulf of Oman desert and semi-desert 31307 Hobyo grasslands and shrublands 31308 Ile Europa and Bassas da India xeric scrub 31309 Kalahari xeric savanna 31310 Kaokoveld desert 31311 Madagascar spiny thickets 31312 Madagascar succulent woodlands 31313 Masai xeric grasslands and shrublands 31314 Nama Karoo 31315 Namib desert 31316 Namibian savanna woodlands 31318 Socotra Island xeric shrublands 31319 Somali montane xeric woodlands 31320 Southwestern Arabian foothills savanna 31321 Southwestern Arabian montane woodlands 31322 Succulent Karoo 31401 Central African mangroves 31402 East African mangroves 31403 Guinean mangroves 31404 Madagascar mangroves 31405 Southern Africa mangroves 40101 Andaman Islands rain forests 40102 Borneo lowland rain forests 40103 Borneo montane rain forests 40104 Borneo peat swamp forests 40105 Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests 40106 Cardamom Mountains rain forests 40107 Chao Phraya freshwater swamp forests 40108 Chao Phraya lowland moist deciduous forests 40109 Chin Hills-Arakan Yoma montane forests 40110 Christmas and Cocos Islands tropical forests 40111 Eastern highlands moist deciduous forests 40112 Eastern Java-Bali montane rain forests 40113 Eastern Java-Bali rain forests 40114 Greater Negros-Panay rain forests 40115 Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests 40116 Irrawaddy freshwater swamp forests 40117 Irrawaddy moist deciduous forests 40118 Jian Nan subtropical evergreen forests 40119 Kayah-Karen montane rain forests 40120 Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests 40121 Luang Prabang montane rain forests 40122 Luzon montane rain forests 40123 Luzon rain forests 40124 Malabar Coast moist forests 40125 Maldives-Lakshadweep-Chagos Archipelago tropical moist forests 40126 Meghalaya subtropical forests 40127 Mentawai Islands rain forests 40128 Mindanao montane rain forests 40129 Mindanao-Eastern Visayas rain forests 40130 Mindoro rain forests 40131 Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rain forests 40132 Myanmar coastal rain forests 40133 Nicobar Islands rain forests 40134 North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests 40135 North Western Ghats montane rain forests 40136 Northern Annamites rain forests 40137 Northern Indochina subtropical forests 40138 Northern Khorat Plateau moist deciduous forests 40139 Northern Thailand-Laos moist deciduous forests 40140 Northern Triangle subtropical forests 40141 Northern Vietnam lowland rain forests 40142 Orissa semi-evergreen forests 40143 Palawan rain forests 40144 Peninsular Malaysian montane rain forests 40145 Peninsular Malaysian peat swamp forests 40146 Peninsular Malaysian rain forests 40147 Red River freshwater swamp forests 40148 South China Sea Islands 40149 South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests 40150 South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests 40151 South Western Ghats montane rain forests 40152 Southern Annamites montane rain forests 40153 Southwest Borneo freshwater swamp forests 40154 Sri Lanka lowland rain forests 40155 Sri Lanka montane rain forests 40156 Sulu Archipelago rain forests 40157 Sumatran freshwater swamp forests 40158 Sumatran lowland rain forests 40159 Sumatran montane rain forests 40160 Sumatran peat swamp forests 40161 Sundaland heath forests 40162 Sundarbans freshwater swamp forests 40163 Tenasserim-South Thailand semi-evergreen rain forests 40164 Tonle Sap freshwater swamp forests 40165 Tonle Sap-Mekong peat swamp forests 40166 Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests 40167 Western Java montane rain forests 40168 Western Java rain forests 40169 Hainan Island monsoon rain forests 40170 Nansei Islands subtropical evergreen forests 40171 South Taiwan monsoon rain forests 40172 Taiwan subtropical evergreen forests 40201 Central Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests 40202 Central Indochina dry forests 40203 Chhota-Nagpur dry deciduous forests 40204 East Deccan dry-evergreen forests 40205 Irrawaddy dry forests 40206 Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests 40207 Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests 40208 Northern dry deciduous forests 40209 South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests 40210 Southeastern Indochina dry evergreen forests 40211 Southern Vietnam lowland dry forests 40212 Sri Lanka dry-zone dry evergreen forests 40301 Himalayan subtropical pine forests 40302 Luzon tropical pine forests 40303 Northeast India-Myanmar pine forests 40304 Sumatran tropical pine forests 40401 Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests 40402 Northern Triangle temperate forests 40403 Western Himalayan broadleaf forests 40501 Eastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests 40502 Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests 40701 Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands 40901 Rann of Kutch seasonal salt marsh 41001 Kinabalu montane alpine meadows 41301 Deccan thorn scrub forests 41302 Indus Valley desert 41303 Northwestern thorn scrub forests 41304 Thar desert 41401 Goadavari-Krishna mangroves 41402 Indochina mangroves 41403 Indus River Delta-Arabian Sea mangroves 41404 Myanmar Coast mangroves 41405 Sunda Shelf mangroves 41406 Sundarbans mangroves 50201 Sonoran-Sinaloan transition subtropical dry forest 50301 Bermuda subtropical conifer forests 50302 Sierra Madre Occidental pine-oak forests 50303 Sierra Madre Oriental pine-oak forests 50401 Allegheny Highlands forests 50402 Appalachian mixed mesophytic forests 50403 Appalachian-Blue Ridge forests 50404 Central U.S. hardwood forests 50405 East Central Texas forests 50406 Eastern forest-boreal transition 50407 Eastern Great Lakes lowland forests 50408 Gulf of St. Lawrence lowland forests 50409 Mississippi lowland forests 50410 New England-Acadian forests 50411 Northeastern coastal forests 50412 Ozark Mountain forests 50413 Southeastern mixed forests 50414 Southern Great Lakes forests 50415 Upper Midwest forest-savanna transition 50416 Western Great Lakes forests 50417 Willamette Valley forests 50501 Alberta Mountain forests 50502 Alberta-British Columbia foothills forests 50503 Arizona Mountains forests 50504 Atlantic coastal pine barrens 50505 Blue Mountains forests 50506 British Columbia mainland coastal forests 50507 Cascade Mountains leeward forests 50508 Central and Southern Cascades forests 50509 Central British Columbia Mountain forests 50510 Central Pacific coastal forests 50511 Colorado Rockies forests 50512 Eastern Cascades forests 50513 Florida sand pine scrub 50514 Fraser Plateau and Basin complex 50515 Great Basin montane forests 50516 Klamath-Siskiyou forests 50517 Middle Atlantic coastal forests 50518 North Central Rockies forests 50519 Northern California coastal forests 50520 Northern Pacific coastal forests 50521 Northern transitional alpine forests 50522 Okanagan dry forests 50523 Piney Woods forests 50524 Puget lowland forests 50525 Queen Charlotte Islands 50526 Sierra Juarez and San Pedro Martir pine-oak forests 50527 Sierra Nevada forests 50528 South Central Rockies forests 50529 Southeastern conifer forests 50530 Wasatch and Uinta montane forests 50601 Alaska Peninsula montane taiga 50602 Central Canadian Shield forests 50603 Cook Inlet taiga 50604 Copper Plateau taiga 50605 Eastern Canadian forests 50606 Eastern Canadian Shield taiga 50607 Interior Alaska-Yukon lowland taiga 50608 Mid-Continental Canadian forests 50609 Midwestern Canadian Shield forests 50610 Muskwa-Slave Lake forests 50611 Newfoundland Highland forests 50612 Northern Canadian Shield taiga 50613 Northern Cordillera forests 50614 Northwest Territories taiga 50615 South Avalon-Burin oceanic barrens 50616 Southern Hudson Bay taiga 50617 Yukon Interior dry forests 50701 Western Gulf coastal grasslands 50801 California Central Valley grasslands 50802 Canadian Aspen forests and parklands 50803 Central and Southern mixed grasslands 50804 Central forest-grasslands transition 50805 Central tall grasslands 50806 Edwards Plateau savanna 50807 Flint Hills tall grasslands 50808 Montana Valley and Foothill grasslands 50809 Nebraska Sand Hills mixed grasslands 50810 Northern mixed grasslands 50811 Northern short grasslands 50812 Northern tall grasslands 50813 Palouse grasslands 50814 Texas blackland prairies 50815 Western short grasslands 51101 Alaska-St. Elias Range tundra 51102 Aleutian Islands tundra 51103 Arctic coastal tundra 51104 Arctic foothills tundra 51105 Baffin coastal tundra 51106 Beringia lowland tundra 51107 Beringia upland tundra 51108 Brooks-British Range tundra 51109 Davis Highlands tundra 51110 High Arctic tundra 51111 Interior Yukon-Alaska alpine tundra 51112 Kalaallit Nunaat high arctic tundra 51113 Kalaallit Nunaat low arctic tundra 51114 Low Arctic tundra 51115 Middle Arctic tundra 51116 Ogilvie-MacKenzie alpine tundra 51117 Pacific Coastal Mountain icefields and tundra 51118 Torngat Mountain tundra 51201 California coastal sage and chaparral 51202 California interior chaparral and woodlands 51203 California montane chaparral and woodlands 51301 Baja California desert 51302 Central Mexican matorral 51303 Chihuahuan desert 51304 Colorado Plateau shrublands 51305 Great Basin shrub steppe 51306 Gulf of California xeric scrub 51307 Meseta Central matorral 51308 Mojave desert 51309 Snake-Columbia shrub steppe 51310 Sonoran desert 51311 Tamaulipan matorral 51312 Tamaulipan mezquital 51313 Wyoming Basin shrub steppe 60101 Araucaria moist forests 60102 Atlantic Coast restingas 60103 Bahia coastal forests 60104 Bahia interior forests 60105 Bolivian Yungas 60106 Caatinga Enclaves moist forests 60107 Caqueta moist forests 60108 Catatumbo moist forests 60109 Cauca Valley montane forests 60110 Cayos Miskitos-San Andrés and Providencia moist forests 60111 Central American Atlantic moist forests 60112 Central American montane forests 60113 Chiapas montane forests 60114 Chimalapas montane forests 60115 Chocó-Darién moist forests 60116 Cocos Island moist forests 60117 Cordillera La Costa montane forests 60118 Cordillera Oriental montane forests 60119 Costa Rican seasonal moist forests 60120 Cuban moist forests 60121 Eastern Cordillera real montane forests 60122 Eastern Panamanian montane forests 60123 Fernando de Noronha-Atol das Rocas moist forests 60124 Guianan Highlands moist forests 60125 Guianan moist forests 60126 Gurupa varzeá 60127 Hispaniolan moist forests 60128 Iquitos varzeá 60129 Isthmian-Atlantic moist forests 60130 Isthmian-Pacific moist forests 60131 Jamaican moist forests 60132 Japurá-Solimoes-Negro moist forests 60133 Juruá-Purus moist forests 60134 Leeward Islands moist forests 60135 Madeira-Tapajós moist forests 60136 Magdalena Valley montane forests 60137 Magdalena-Urabá moist forests 60138 Marajó varzeá 60139 Maranhão Babaçu forests 60140 Mato Grosso seasonal forests 60141 Monte Alegre varzeá 60142 Napo moist forests 60143 Negro-Branco moist forests 60144 Northeastern Brazil restingas 60145 Northwestern Andean montane forests 60146 Oaxacan montane forests 60147 Orinoco Delta swamp forests 60148 Pantanos de Centla 60149 Guianan freshwater swamp forests 60150 Alto Paraná Atlantic forests 60151 Pernambuco coastal forests 60152 Pernambuco interior forests 60153 Peruvian Yungas 60154 Petén-Veracruz moist forests 60155 Puerto Rican moist forests 60156 Purus varzeá 60157 Purus-Madeira moist forests 60158 Rio Negro campinarana 60159 Santa Marta montane forests 60160 Serra do Mar coastal forests 60161 Sierra de los Tuxtlas 60162 Sierra Madre de Chiapas moist forests 60163 Solimões-Japurá moist forests 60164 South Florida rocklands 60165 Southern Andean Yungas 60166 Southwest Amazon moist forests 60167 Talamancan montane forests 60168 Tapajós-Xingu moist forests 60169 Pantepui 60170 Tocantins/Pindare moist forests 60171 Trinidad and Tobago moist forests 60172 Trindade-Martin Vaz Islands tropical forests 60173 Uatuma-Trombetas moist forests 60174 Ucayali moist forests 60175 Venezuelan Andes montane forests 60176 Veracruz moist forests 60177 Veracruz montane forests 60178 Western Ecuador moist forests 60179 Windward Islands moist forests 60180 Xingu-Tocantins-Araguaia moist forests 60181 Yucatán moist forests 60182 Guianan piedmont and lowland moist forests 60201 Apure-Villavicencio dry forests 60202 Atlantic dry forests 60204 Bajío dry forests 60205 Balsas dry forests 60206 Bolivian montane dry forests 60207 Cauca Valley dry forests 60209 Central American dry forests 60210 Dry Chaco 60211 Chiapas Depression dry forests 60212 Chiquitano dry forests 60213 Cuban dry forests 60214 Ecuadorian dry forests 60215 Hispaniolan dry forests 60216 Islas Revillagigedo dry forests 60217 Jalisco dry forests 60218 Jamaican dry forests 60219 Lara-Falcón dry forests 60220 Lesser Antillean dry forests 60221 Magdalena Valley dry forests 60222 Maracaibo dry forests 60223 Marañón dry forests 60224 Panamanian dry forests 60225 Patía Valley dry forests 60226 Puerto Rican dry forests 60227 Sierra de la Laguna dry forests 60228 Sinaloan dry forests 60229 Sinú Valley dry forests 60230 Southern Pacific dry forests 60232 Tumbes-Piura dry forests 60233 Veracruz dry forests 60235 Yucatán dry forests 60301 Bahamian pine mosaic 60302 Belizian pine forests 60303 Central American pine-oak forests 60304 Cuban pine forests 60305 Hispaniolan pine forests 60306 Miskito pine forests 60307 Sierra de la Laguna pine-oak forests 60308 Sierra Madre de Oaxaca pine-oak forests 60309 Sierra Madre del Sur pine-oak forests 60310 Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt pine-oak forests 60401 Juan Fernández Islands temperate forests 60402 Magellanic subpolar forests 60403 San Félix-San Ambrosio Islands temperate forests 60404 Valdivian temperate forests 60702 Beni savanna 60703 Campos Rupestres montane savanna 60704 Cerrado 60705 Clipperton Island shrub and grasslands 60707 Guianan savanna 60708 Humid Chaco 60709 Llanos 60710 Uruguayan savanna 60801 Espinal 60802 Low Monte 60803 Humid Pampas 60805 Patagonian steppe 60902 Cuban wetlands 60903 Enriquillo wetlands 60904 Everglades 60905 Guayaquil flooded grasslands 60906 Orinoco wetlands 60907 Pantanal 60908 Paraná flooded savanna 60909 Southern Cone Mesopotamian savanna 61001 Central Andean dry puna 61002 Central Andean puna 61003 Central Andean wet puna 61004 Cordillera Central páramo 61005 Cordillera de Merida páramo 61006 Northern Andean páramo 61007 Santa Marta páramo 61008 Southern Andean steppe 61010 High Monte 61201 Chilean matorral 61301 Araya and Paria xeric scrub 61303 Atacama desert 61304 Caatinga 61305 Caribbean shrublands 61306 Cuban cactus scrub 61307 Galápagos Islands scrubland mosaic 61308 Guajira-Barranquilla xeric scrub 61309 La Costa xeric shrublands 61311 Malpelo Island xeric scrub 61312 Motagua Valley thornscrub 61313 Paraguana xeric scrub 61314 San Lucan xeric scrub 61315 Sechura desert 61316 Tehuacán Valley matorral 61318 St. Peter and St. Paul rocks 61401 Amazon-Orinoco-Southern Caribbean mangroves 61402 Bahamian-Antillean mangroves 61403 Mesoamerican Gulf-Caribbean mangroves 61404 Northern Mesoamerican Pacific mangroves 61405 South American Pacific mangroves 61406 Southern Atlantic mangroves 61407 Southern Mesoamerican Pacific mangroves 70101 Carolines tropical moist forests 70102 Central Polynesian tropical moist forests 70103 Cook Islands tropical moist forests 70104 Eastern Micronesia tropical moist forests 70105 Fiji tropical moist forests 70106 Hawaii tropical moist forests 70107 Kermadec Islands subtropical moist forests 70108 Marquesas tropical moist forests 70109 Ogasawara subtropical moist forests 70110 Palau tropical moist forests 70111 Rapa Nui subtropical broadleaf forests 70112 Samoan tropical moist forests 70113 Society Islands tropical moist forests 70114 Tongan tropical moist forests 70115 Tuamotu tropical moist forests 70116 Tubuai tropical moist forests 70117 Western Polynesian tropical moist forests 70201 Fiji tropical dry forests 70202 Hawaii tropical dry forests 70203 Marianas tropical dry forests 70204 Yap tropical dry forests 70701 Hawaii tropical high shrublands 70702 Hawaii tropical low shrublands 70703 Northwestern Hawaii scrub 80101 Guizhou Plateau broadleaf and mixed forests 80102 Yunnan Plateau subtropical evergreen forests 80401 Appenine deciduous montane forests 80402 Atlantic mixed forests 80403 Azores temperate mixed forests 80404 Balkan mixed forests 80405 Baltic mixed forests 80406 Cantabrian mixed forests 80407 Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests 80408 Caucasus mixed forests 80409 Celtic broadleaf forests 80410 Central Anatolian steppe and woodlands 80411 Central China loess plateau mixed forests 80412 Central European mixed forests 80413 Central Korean deciduous forests 80414 Changbai Mountains mixed forests 80415 Changjiang Plain evergreen forests 80416 Crimean Submediterranean forest complex 80417 Daba Mountains evergreen forests 80418 Dinaric Mountains mixed forests 80419 East European forest steppe 80420 Eastern Anatolian deciduous forests 80421 English Lowlands beech forests 80422 Euxine-Colchic broadleaf forests 80423 Hokkaido deciduous forests 80424 Huang He Plain mixed forests 80425 Madeira evergreen forests 80426 Manchurian mixed forests 80427 Nihonkai evergreen forests 80428 Nihonkai montane deciduous forests 80429 North Atlantic moist mixed forests 80430 Northeast China Plain deciduous forests 80431 Pannonian mixed forests 80432 Po Basin mixed forests 80433 Pyrenees conifer and mixed forests 80434 Qin Ling Mountains deciduous forests 80435 Rodope montane mixed forests 80436 Sarmatic mixed forests 80437 Sichuan Basin evergreen broadleaf forests 80438 South Sakhalin-Kurile mixed forests 80439 Southern Korea evergreen forests 80440 Taiheiyo evergreen forests 80441 Taiheiyo montane deciduous forests 80442 Tarim Basin deciduous forests and steppe 80443 Ussuri broadleaf and mixed forests 80444 Western Siberian hemiboreal forests 80445 Western European broadleaf forests 80446 Zagros Mountains forest steppe 80501 Alps conifer and mixed forests 80502 Altai montane forest and forest steppe 80503 Caledon conifer forests 80504 Carpathian montane forests 80505 Da Hinggan-Dzhagdy Mountains conifer forests 80506 East Afghan montane conifer forests 80507 Elburz Range forest steppe 80508 Helanshan montane conifer forests 80509 Hengduan Mountains subalpine conifer forests 80510 Hokkaido montane conifer forests 80511 Honshu alpine conifer forests 80512 Khangai Mountains conifer forests 80513 Mediterranean conifer and mixed forests 80514 Northeastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests 80515 Northern Anatolian conifer and deciduous forests 80516 Nujiang Langcang Gorge alpine conifer and mixed forests 80517 Qilian Mountains conifer forests 80518 Qionglai-Minshan conifer forests 80519 Sayan montane conifer forests 80520 Scandinavian coastal conifer forests 80521 Tian Shan montane conifer forests 80601 East Siberian taiga 80602 Iceland boreal birch forests and alpine tundra 80603 Kamchatka-Kurile meadows and sparse forests 80604 Kamchatka-Kurile taiga 80605 Northeast Siberian taiga 80606 Okhotsk-Manchurian taiga 80607 Sakhalin Island taiga 80608 Scandinavian and Russian taiga 80609 Trans-Baikal conifer forests 80610 Ural montane forests and tundra 80611 West Siberian taiga 80801 Alai-Western Tian Shan steppe 80802 Altai steppe and semi-desert 80803 Central Anatolian steppe 80804 Daurian forest steppe 80805 Eastern Anatolian montane steppe 80806 Emin Valley steppe 80807 Faroe Islands boreal grasslands 80808 Gissaro-Alai open woodlands 80809 Kazakh forest steppe 80810 Kazakh steppe 80811 Kazakh upland 80812 Middle East steppe 80813 Mongolian-Manchurian grassland 80814 Pontic steppe 80815 Sayan Intermontane steppe 80816 Selenge-Orkhon forest steppe 80817 South Siberian forest steppe 80818 Tian Shan foothill arid steppe 80901 Amur meadow steppe 80902 Bohai Sea saline meadow 80903 Nenjiang River grassland 80904 Nile Delta flooded savanna 80905 Saharan halophytics 80906 Tigris-Euphrates alluvial salt marsh 80907 Suiphun-Khanka meadows and forest meadows 80908 Yellow Sea saline meadow 81001 Altai alpine meadow and tundra 81002 Central Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe 81003 Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows 81004 Ghorat-Hazarajat alpine meadow 81005 Hindu Kush alpine meadow 81006 Karakoram-West Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe 81007 Khangai Mountains alpine meadow 81008 Kopet Dag woodlands and forest steppe 81009 Kuh Rud and Eastern Iran montane woodlands 81010 Mediterranean High Atlas juniper steppe 81011 North Tibetan Plateau-Kunlun Mountains alpine desert 81012 Northwestern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows 81013 Ordos Plateau steppe 81014 Pamir alpine desert and tundra 81015 Qilian Mountains subalpine meadows 81016 Sayan Alpine meadows and tundra 81017 Southeast Tibet shrublands and meadows 81018 Sulaiman Range alpine meadows 81019 Tian Shan montane steppe and meadows 81020 Tibetan Plateau alpine shrublands and meadows 81021 Western Himalayan alpine shrub and Meadows 81022 Yarlung Tsangpo arid steppe 81101 Arctic desert 81102 Bering tundra 81103 Cherskii-Kolyma mountain tundra 81104 Chukchi Peninsula tundra 81105 Kamchatka Mountain tundra and forest tundra 81106 Kola Peninsula tundra 81107 Northeast Siberian coastal tundra 81108 Northwest Russian-Novaya Zemlya tundra 81109 Novosibirsk Islands arctic desert 81110 Scandinavian Montane Birch forest and grasslands 81111 Taimyr-Central Siberian tundra 81112 Trans-Baikal Bald Mountain tundra 81113 Wrangel Island arctic desert 81114 Yamal-Gydan tundra 81201 Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests 81202 Anatolian conifer and deciduous mixed forests 81203 Canary Islands dry woodlands and forests 81204 Corsican montane broadleaf and mixed forests 81205 Crete Mediterranean forests 81206 Cyprus Mediterranean forests 81207 Eastern Mediterranean conifer-sclerophyllous-broadleaf forests 81208 Iberian conifer forests 81209 Iberian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests 81210 Illyrian deciduous forests 81211 Italian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests 81212 Mediterranean acacia-argania dry woodlands and succulent thickets 81213 Mediterranean dry woodlands and steppe 81214 Mediterranean woodlands and forests 81215 Northeastern Spain and Southern France Mediterranean forests 81216 Northwest Iberian montane forests 81217 Pindus Mountains mixed forests 81218 South Appenine mixed montane forests 81219 Southeastern Iberian shrubs and woodlands 81220 Southern Anatolian montane conifer and deciduous forests 81221 Southwest Iberian Mediterranean sclerophyllous and mixed forests 81222 Tyrrhenian-Adriatic Sclerophyllous and mixed forests 81301 Afghan Mountains semi-desert 81302 Alashan Plateau semi-desert 81303 Arabian Desert and East Sahero-Arabian xeric shrublands 81304 Atlantic coastal desert 81305 Azerbaijan shrub desert and steppe 81306 Badghyz and Karabil semi-desert 81307 Baluchistan xeric woodlands 81308 Caspian lowland desert 81309 Central Afghan Mountains xeric woodlands 81310 Central Asian northern desert 81311 Central Asian riparian woodlands 81312 Central Asian southern desert 81313 Central Persian desert basins 81314 Eastern Gobi desert steppe 81315 Gobi Lakes Valley desert steppe 81316 Great Lakes Basin desert steppe 81317 Junggar Basin semi-desert 81318 Kazakh semi-desert 81319 Kopet Dag semi-desert 81320 Mesopotamian shrub desert 81321 North Saharan steppe and woodlands 81322 Paropamisus xeric woodlands 81323 Persian Gulf desert and semi-desert 81324 Qaidam Basin semi-desert 81325 Red Sea Nubo-Sindian tropical desert and semi-desert 81326 Registan-North Pakistan sandy desert 81327 Sahara desert 81328 South Iran Nubo-Sindian desert and semi-desert 81329 South Saharan steppe and woodlands 81330 Taklimakan desert 81331 Tibesti-Jebel Uweinat montane xeric woodlands 81332 West Saharan montane xeric woodlands 81333 Red Sea coastal desert ECOREGION reports the predominant terrestrial ecoregion within a 5-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. ECOREGION reports the biogeographic region (e.g., Afrotropic), the habitat type (e.g., tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands), and the ecoregion (e.g., East Sudanian savanna) that are associated with each cluster location. ECOREGION is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. There are 825 terrestrial ecoregions in the world. Ecoregions are relatively large units of land containing distinct assemblages of natural communities and species, with boundaries that approximate the original extent of natural communities prior to major land-use change. The 5-digit codes in ECOREGION (e.g., 30129) include a 1-digit realm code (with 8 possible values), followed by a 2-digit biome code (with 14 possible values), and then a 2-digit ecoregion number. For the full list of codes and their meaning, see the ecoregion legend [URL omitted from DDI.]. ECOREGION, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Livelihood zone of household Livelihood zone of household Livelihood zone of household Livelihood zone of household Livelihood zone of household -00998 Missing 004001 Eastern Pastoral and Forest Zone 004002 Eastern Agro-Pastoral and Forest Zone 004003 Eastern Agro-Pastoral and Rangeland Zone 004004 Eastern Semi-Arid Agricultural Zone 004005 Eastern Agricultural and Labor-Based Zone 004006 Eastern Intensively Irrigated Zone 004007 Eastern Cross-Border Trade and Labor-Based Zone 004008 Eastern Irrigated and Rainfed Agricultural Zone 004009 East-Central Irrigated Zone 004010 Southern Intensively Irrigated Cash Crop Zone 004011 Southern Semi-Arid Agro-Pastoral Zone 004012 South-Central Agro-Pastoral and Labor-Based Zone 004013 Southern Desert Zone 004014 South-Central Agro-Pastoral Zone 004015 North-Western Agro-Pastoral and Pistachio Zone 004016 Western Intensively Irrigated Zone 004017 Western Semi-Arid Agro-Pastoral Zone 004018 West-Central Highland Agro-Pastoral Zone 004019 Western and Southern Cross-Border Trade and Labor Zone 004020 North-Eastern Highland Agro-Pastoral Zone 004021 Salangi Plains Mixed Farming Zone 004022 Northern Lowland Cereals and Livestock Zone 004023 Northern High Cereals Production Zone 004024 North-Central Agro-Pastoral Zone 004025 Northern Irrigated and Rainfed Mixed Farming Zone 004026 Northern Intensively Irrigated Agricultural Zone 004027 Amo River Irrigation and Cross-Border Trade Zone 004028 East-Central Agro-Forestry Zone 004029 Central Cash-Crop and Livestock Zone 024001 Coastal fishing, horticulture, and non-farm income 024002 Transitional banana and pineapple farming 024003 Southern livestock, millet, and sorghum 024004 Sub humid livestock and maize 024005 Mid-eastern cassava and savannah forest 024006 Central highlands potato and vegetables 024007 Central highlands maize and beans 024008 Transitional lowland maize, cassava, and beans 024009 Tropical forest, cassava, banana, and coffee 024010 Savannah forest and market-oriented cassava 024011 Savannah forest and subsistence cassava 024012 Fishing, cassava, and cross-border trade 024013 Coastal livestock ranching 108001 Buragane 108002 Congo Ridge Millet 108003 Eastern Lowlands 108004 Northern Lowlands 108005 Northern Highlands 108006 Southern Highlands 108007 Imbo Plain 108008 Humid Plateaus 108009 Eastern Arid Plateaus 140001 Southeast cassava, peanuts, and maize 140002 Northeast hunting and food crops 140003 Northern sorghum and millet 140004 East central mining, cassava, and peanuts 140005 Southern coffee, cassava, and maize 140006 Central cassava, peanuts, and maize 140007 Central cotton, cassava, and maize 140008 Northern cotton, cassava, and sorghum 140009 Western cassava, maize, and peanuts 140010 Southern maize, citrus fruits, and vegetables 140011 Southwest cassava, coffee, gathering, and mining 148001 Southern Staple and Cash Crops 148002 Southwest Rice 148003 South-central Cereals 148004 Southeast Flood Retreat and Gum Arabic 148005 Central Agropastoral 148006 Eastern Rainfed Cereals and Market Gardening 148007 Transhumance 148008 Western Agropastoral and Fishing 148009 Northern Oasis Cultivation with Camels and Natron 180001 Copperbelt and Marginal Agriculture 180002 Savannah Manioc 180003 Savannah Surplus Maize 180004 Kamalondo Depression 180005 Southern Tanganyika-Mwero Fishing 180006 Maniema Savannah Agriculture 180007 High Food Production and Surplus Trade 180008 Northern Tanganyika Midland Agriculture 180009 Agropastoral Mountains 180010 Midland Agricultural Savannah 180011 Rutshuru Volcanic Soils and Agriculture 180012 Forest Cultivation and Products 180013 Artisanal Mining with Agriculture 180014 Northeast Highlands Agriculture 180015 Orientale Fishing with Agriculture 180016 Northern Plateau Cassava, Maize, Groundnuts and Beans 180017 Bumba Rice and Tubers 180018 Bomongo and Makanza Districts Intensive Fishing 180019 Fishing and Staples Riverine 180020 Cuvette Centrale Staple Crops, Fishing and Charcoal 180021 Equatorial Forest, Hunting, Fishing and Staple Crops 180022 Lighter Forest with Rice and Cassava 180023 Savannah with Cassava and Cowpeas and Small Livestock 180024 High Food Crop Production and Trading 180025 Intensive Artisanal Diamond Exploitation with Crop Cultivation 180026 Clay Soils with High Production of Cassava and Maize, and Cattle 180027 Agropastoral – Staple Crops, Small Stock and Cattle and Wild Foods 180028 Agriculture with High Production and Marketing 180029 Cassava, Maize and Groundnuts 180030 Market Gardening and Staple Crops 180031 River Fishing and Staple Crops 180032 Coastal Ocean Fishing and Kitchen Gardening 180033 Forest – Staple Crops, Cash Crops and Market Gardening 180034 Kinshasa Peri-urban 222001 Basic Grain and Labor Zone 222002 Coffee, Agro-Industrial and Labor Zone 222003 Sugarcane, Agro-Industry and Labor Zone 222004 Eastern Basic Grain, Labor, Livestock and Remittance Zone 222005 Central Free-Trade, Services and Industrial Labor Zone 222006 Fishing, Aquaculture and Tourism Zone 231001 Addis Ababa City 231002 Asale Agropastoral 231003 Awsa-Gewane Agropastoral 231004 Aramiss - Adaar Pastoral 231005 Asale Pastoral 231006 Chenno Agropastoral 231007 Eli daar Pastoral 231008 Namalefan & Baadu Pastoral 231009 Teru Pastoral 231010 Abay Beshilo River Basin 231011 Abay Tekeze Watershed 231012 Central Highland Barley & Potato 231013 Cheffa valley 231014 Guna Highland 231015 Merhabete Lowland Sorghum and teff 231016 Minjar teff and livestock 231017 Minjar teff and sorghum 231018 North Wollo Highland Belg 231019 North East Woyna Dega Mixed Cereal 231020 North Shewa highland sheep and barley 231021 North Shewa Highland Wheat and Teff productive 231022 N Highland wheat, Barley & Sheep 231023 NorthWest Cash Crop 231024 North Wollo East Plain 231025 NorthWest Sorghum Belt 231026 South Wollo Meher 231027 South Wollo Belg 231028 South West Maize, Finger Millet and Teff productive 231029 South Wollo & Oromia Eastern lowland sorghum & cattle 231030 South East Woyna Dega Teff 231031 South West Woyna Dega wheat 231032 Tekeze Lowland Sorghum and Goats 231033 Tana Zuria 231034 South Wollo Meher and Belg 231035 Central Kolla Sorghum, Maize & Millet 231036 Midland Teff & Coffee 231037 Western Dry Kolla Sorghum, Maize & Mining 231038 Meketel Highland Cereal & Pulses 231039 Gambella Agropastoral 231040 Gambella Coffee, Honey & Cereal LZ 231041 Gambella Mixed Agriculture 231042 No Data 231043 Arsi Bale Wheat, Barley & Potato 231044 Anfilo Coffee Monoculture & Honey 231045 Abe Dongoro-Diga-Sasiga Coffee & Sorghum 231046 Adaba Dodola Community Forest 231047 Agarfa, Gasera, Ginir & Gololcha Fruit, Coffee & Chat 231048 Ambo Selale Ginderberet Teff & Wheat 231049 Abijata Shala Jido Agro-Pastoral 231050 Abay Gorge Sesame, Maize & Honey 231051 Ameya-Wolisso-Ambo Teff & Cattle 231052 Becho-Adea Teff & Chickpea 231053 Borena-Guji Maize, Wheat & Livestock 231054 Borena-Guji Coffee & Enset 231055 Borena-Guji Cattle Pastoralist 231056 Bale Agro-Pastoral 231057 Bale Pastoralist 231058 Chercher & Gololcha Chole Coffee, Maize & Chat 231059 Central Horo Teff, Nug & Cattle 231060 Chebo-Inchini Enset, Barley & Cattle 231061 Chat & Vegetables 231062 Dallo, Barbare & Arana-Buluk Coffee 231063 Dale-Lalo Sorghum & Maize 231064 Didessa-Gibe-Wama Valley Sorghum, Maize & Oilcrops 231065 Ebantu-Limu Teff & Cattle 231066 Guduru-Amuru Maize, Teff & Cattle 231067 Guji-Borena Enset, Barley & Cattle 231068 Gerbo Enset & Chat 231069 Gursum-Babile Groundnuts & Sorghum 231070 Gera-Setema-Sale Forest Teff, Honey & Cattle 231071 Gibe Maize & Peppers 231072 Goro-Ginir Spice & Wheat 231073 Anger Maize, Sorghum & Finger Millet 231074 Illu-Wellega-Birbir Maize, Peppers & Sesame 231075 Jimma-Illubabur Coffee, Cereals & Chat 231076 Jaldu-Dendi-Ilfata Barley & Potato 231077 Jimma-Yama Logi Teff & Maize 231078 Kofele Kokosa Enset & Cattle Belt 231079 Muger-Abay-Jema Sorghum & Teff Belt 231080 Melka Awash-Ochocha Mid-Highland Wheat & Teff 231081 Moyale Agro-Pastoral, Labour & Cross-Border Trade 231082 Moyale Cattle, Shoats & Camel Pastoralist 231083 Market-Isolated Cattle & Shoat Pastoralist 231084 Kereyu Pastoral 231085 Mendi-Dabisu Maize, Sesame & Cattle 231086 North-East Agro-Pastoral 231087 Nadda-Gilgel Gibe Maize, Teff and Sorghum 231088 Nole-Meko-Diga Teff & Cattle 231089 Nejo-Dilla Teff, Finger Millet & Nug 231090 Southern Agro-Pastoral 231091 Keto-Begi Cereals & Cattle 231092 Robe Chole Sude & Seru Teff Maize Haricot Bean Belt 231093 Rift Valley Maize & Horse Bean 231094 Selale-Ambo Highland Barley, Wheat and Horsebean belt 231095 Soddo Highland Wheat, Barley & Enset 231096 Siraro Kofele Potato & Vegetables 231097 Sorghum, Maize & Chat 231098 Shirka Ticho Spice & Teff 231099 Wheat, Barley & Potato 231100 Wellega-Dedo Highland Wheat & Barley 231101 Wuchale-Abichu-Kembebit Livestock, 'Wild Oats' & Barley/Wheat 231102 Wellega Coffee, Maize & Sorghum 231103 Amaro Coffee and Enset LZ 231104 Awassa Chat and Enset LZ 231105 Alaba-Mareko Lowland Pepper LZ 231106 Badewacho-Alaba Maize LZ 231107 Bilate Basin Agro-Pastoral LZ 231108 Bench-Keffa Cereal and Enset LZ 231109 Basketo-Melo Coffee and Root Crop LZ 231110 Dawro-Konta Maize and Root Crop LZ 231111 Western Coffee and Spices LZ - Eastern sub-zone 231112 Gedeo Coffee LZ 231113 Gurage-Siltie Highland Enset and Barley LZ 231114 Gurage-Siltie Midland Enset and Chat LZ 231115 Gurage-Siltie Enset and Teff LZ 231116 Gamo Gofa Enset and Barley LZ 231117 Gurage Lowland Maize and Teff LZ 231118 Gamo Gofa Maize and Root Crop LZ 231119 Hadero Ginger LZ 231120 Hadiya Maize LZ 231121 Hadiya-Kembata Cereal and Enset LZ - Hadiya sub zone 231122 Chamo-Abaya Irrigated Banana LZ 231123 Kedida-Badewacho Coffee LZ 231124 Hadiya-Kembata Cereal and Enset LZ - Kembata sub-zone 231125 Kaffa Cereal and Enset LZ 231126 Southern Special Woredas Lowland Cereal LZ 231127 Omo River Flood Recession LZ 231128 Omo Valley Maize and Sorghum LZ 231129 231130 Southern Cereal, Enset and Root Crop LZ 231131 Sidama Coffee LZ 231132 Surma Agro-Pastoral LZ 231133 Sidama-Gedeo Highland Enset and Barley LZ 231134 Sidama Maize Belt LZ 231135 Southern Agro-Pastoral Livelihood Zone 231136 South Omo Crop LZ 231137 South Omo Pastoral LZ 231138 Salamago Pastoral LZ 231139 Sheka Cereal and Enset LZ 231140 Wolayita Ginger and Coffee LZ 231141 Western Coffee and Spices LZ - Western sub-zone 231142 Western Forest Products LZ 231143 Wolayita Maize and Root Crop LZ 231144 Wolayita Barley and Wheat LZ 231145 Yem Cereal and Enset LZ 231146 Afder Pastoral 231147 Degahbur Agropastoral 231148 Dawa-Ganale Riverine 231149 Filtu-Dolo Pastoral 231150 Fik Pastoral 231151 Gode Agropastoral 231152 Harshin-Degahbur East Pastoral 231153 Jijiga Agropastoral 231154 Jijiga Sedentary Farming 231155 Korahe Agropastoral 231156 Korahe-Gode Pastoral 231157 Liban Agropastoral 231158 Lowland-Hawd Pastoral 231159 Moyale-Wayamo Pastoral 231160 No Data 231161 Shinile Agropastoral 231162 Shinile Pastoral 231163 Shabelle Riverine 231164 Adiyabo Lowland 231165 Alaje Ofla Highland 231166 Atsbi Womberta Highland 231167 Central Mixed Crop 231168 Enderta Dry Midland 231169 Eastern Planteau 231170 Gesho and Wheat Highland 231171 Humera Sesame and Sorghum 231172 Irob Mountains 231173 Mereb Basin 231174 Middle Tekeze 231175 Raya Valley 231176 Tsirare Catchment 231177 West Central Teff 231178 Werie Catchment 231179 Western Cereal and Sesame 262001 Northwest Pastoral 262002 Central Pastoral 262003 Southeast Pastoral 262004 Market Gardening 262005 Djibouti City 324001 Coastal: Rice, Fishing, Palm oil 324002 Piedmont: Rice, Groundnut, Horticulture 324003 Central plateau: Horticulture, Fonio, Livestock 324004 Mountain: Livestock, Fonio, Groundnut 324005 Mountain : Rice, Livestock, Fonio 324006 Northern plateau: Rice, Groundnut, Livestock 324007 Savannah with shrubs: Rice, Gold mining, Livestock 324008 Northeast: Maize, Gold mining, Livestock 324009 Wooded savannah: Rice, Manioc, Groundnut 324010 Pre-forest zone: Rice, Manioc, Livestock 324011 Forest: Rice, Palm oil, Coffee 332001 Dry Coastal Maize and Charcoal 332002 North Tubers and Horticulture 332003 Central Plateau Maize and Tubers 332004 Rice Plains of the Artibonite 332005 Western Banana Plains of Arcahaie 332006 West Gardening and Beans 332007 South Beans, Bananas, and Petty Trade 332008 Southwestern Coast Maize, Manioc, and Bush Products 332009 Urban 340000 Casco urbano 340001 Zona de medios de vida litoral Garífuna y de turismo en islas de la Bahía 340002 Zona litoral atlántica productora de aceite de palma 340003 Zona de venta de obra en maquilas, banano y caña de azúcar 340004 Zona Mosquitia de caza y pesca 340005 Zona montañosa de café 340006 Zona de medios de vida pesquera y salinera del Golfo de Fonseca 340007 Zona de granos básicos de subsistencia y remesas 340008 Zona de venta de mano de obra en melón, sandía y camarón 340009 Zona de medios de vida, granos básicos y ganadería 340010 Reserva del Río Platano 404001 Northwestern Pastoral Zone 404002 Turkwell Riverine Zone 404003 Northwestern Agropastoral Zone 404004 Lake Turkana Fishing 404005 Northern Pastoral Zone 404006 Marsabit Marginal Mixed Farming Zone 404007 Northeastern Agropastoral Zone 404008 Mandera Riverine Zone 404009 Northeastern Pastoral Zone 404010 Eastern Pastoral Zone 404011 Southeastern Pastoral Zone 404012 Coastal Medium Potential Farming Zone 404013 Coastal Marginal Agricultural Mixed Farming Zone 404014 Tana Riverine Zone 404015 Southern Pastoral Zone 404016 Southeastern Marginal Mixed Farming Zone 404017 Southeastern Medium Potential, Mixed Farming Zone 404018 Southern Agropastoral Zone 404019 Central Highlands, High Potential Zone 404020 Western Medium Potential Zone 404021 Western High Potential Zone 404022 Western Lakeshore Marginal Mixed Farming Zone 404023 Lake Victoria Fishing Zone 404024 Western Agropastoral Zone 426001 Northern Lowlands 426002 Southern Lowlands 426003 Foothills 426004 Mountains 426005 Senqu River Valley 430001 North-East Rice Farming Palm Oil 430002 North/Central Rice with Cassava and Market Gardening 430003 South-East Rice with Cassava 430004 Coastal Plain Cassava with Rice and Inland Fishing 430005 Coastal Fishing and Cassava 430006 Rice Intercropped and Forest Hunting 430007 Border Cacao and Coffee Farming 430008 Rubber and Charcoal with Food Crops 430009 Peri-Urban: Petty Trade, Market Gardening and Casual Employment 430010 Mining/Concession and Farming Zone 430098 National Parks 430099 Urban Areas 450001 Extreme north: sugar cane, fishing, tourism 450002 North: vanilla, clove, coconut tree 450003 Sofia River basin: tobacco, onion, fishing 450004 Northern highland: rice, zebu 450005 Betsiboka Delta: rice, fishing 450006 Upper Betsiboka: gold mining, rice, cows 450007 Aloatra: rice, fishing, livestock rearing 450008 Toamasina: cloves, coffee, trade 450009 West: rice, fishing, gathering 450010 Agropastoral midwest: rice, maize, pulses 450011 Central Iarivo: rice, market gardening, eucalyptus 450012 Moramanga: forest, petty trade, market gardening 450013 Center-east: litchi, coffee, citrus 450014 Ankaratra: staple crops, horticulture, milk 450015 Tsirobihina Delta: rice, fishing, pulses 450016 South-central peneplain: rice, onion, small livestock 450017 Southern highlands: staple crops, crafts, market gardening 450018 Corridor: forest products, banana 450019 Southeast: coffee, litchi, cassava 450020 Southwest: rice, lima bean 450021 Bara plateau: cows, cassava 450022 Center-south: staple crops, industrial sisal, zebu 450023 Mahafaly plateau: cassava 450024 Extreme south: cassava, maize, livestock rearing 454001 Central Karonga 454002 Chitipa Millet & Maize 454003 Kasungu Lilongwe Plain 454004 Lake Chilwa - Phalombe Plain 454005 Lower Shire 454006 Middle Shire Valley 454007 Misuku Hills 454008 Mzimba Self Sufficient 454009 Nkhata Bay Cassava 454010 Northern Karonga 454011 Northern Lakeshore 454012 Phirilongwe Hills 454013 Rift Valley Escarpment 454014 Shire Highlands 454015 Southern Lakeshore 454016 Thyolo Mulunje Tea Estates 454017 Western Rumphi & Mzimba 454018 Border Productive Horticulture 454019 Urban 454020 National Park 466001 Nomadism and Trans-Saharan Trade 466002 Northern Livestock 466003 Niger Loop Rice and Fishing 466004 Central Livestock, Millet, and Remittances 466005 Dogon Plateau Millet and Shallots 466006 Niger Delta Rice, Cattle, and Fishing 466007 Office du NigerRice and Market Gardening 466008 Northwestern Sorghum, Remittances, and Livestock 466009 Central Sorghum and Millet 466010 Southeastern Sorghum, Millet, and Cotton 466011 Southern Maize, Cotton, and Fruits 466012 Southwestern Maize, Livestock, and Gold Mining 466013 Center-eastern Millet and Livestock 466014 Lakes Recessional Millet and Sorghum 466015 Western Groundnut, Sorghum, and Maize 466016 Southwestern Gold Mining and Maize 466017 Urban 478001 Nomadic pastoralist 478002 Mine and pastoral 478003 Mixed pastoral, oases and wadis 478004 Littoral coastal fishing 478005 Pastoral and trade 478006 Transhumant pastoralism 478007 Agropastoralism 478008 Senegal valley agriculture 478009 Rainfed agriculture 508001 Lakeshore Basic Staples and Fishing 508002 Northern Highland Forest and Tourism 508003 Northwestern Tobacco and Maize 508004 Northern Cassava, Maize, and Forest 508005 Northern Highland with Mixed Cropping 508006 Northeastern Highland Forest 508007 Northeastern Cassava, Cashew, and Coconut 508008 North-Central Coastal Fishing 508009 Plains with Cassava, Rice, and Fishing 508010 Zambezi Valley with Maize and Fishing 508011 Northwestern Cropping and Cross-border Trade 508012 Coastal Sugarcane and Fishing 508013 Tete Highland Mixed Cropping, Tobbaco, and Cotton 508014 Cahora Bassa Dam Sesame and Cotton 508015 Central Semiarid Cotton and Minerals 508016 Manica Highland Mixed Cropping, Cotton, and Tobacco 508017 Central Manica and Sofala Mixed Cropping 508018 Cheringoma and Muanza Maize and Cassava 508019 Central Semiarid Pineapple and Cashew 508020 Southern Coastal Cassava, Coconut, and Fishing 508021 Southern Intermediate Mixed Cropping 508022 Southern Semiarid Cereals and Cattle 508023 Southeastern Rice 508024 Limpopo and Elephant Rivers Mixed Cropping 508025 Southern Coastal Rishing, Manioc, and Maize 508026 Southern Highland Cattle and Mixed Cropping 558000 Urban Area 558001 Pacific Coast Export Fishing, Aquaculture, Tourism and Livestock Zone 558002 Pacific Agro-Industrial and Transitional Agriculture Zone 558003 Northwest Subsistence Agriculture, Livestock and Alternate Income Activities Zone 558004 Estelí Traditional and Industrial Tobacco Zone 558005 Managua Peri-urban Free-Trade, Agro-industry and Services Zone 558006 East-Central Vegetables, Informal Trade, Industry and Tourism Zone 558007 Southern Pacific, Agriculture and High Migration Zone 558008 Central Cattle and Agricultural Frontier Zone 558009 Agriculture and Livestock with High Migration to Costa Rica Zone 558010 Caribbean Humid Tropical Agriculture Zone 558011 Northern Atlantic Agricultural Frontier and Mining Zone 558012 Coffee with Commercial Agriculture and Livestock Zone 558013 Northern Market-bound Basic Grains, Livestock and Coffee Zone 558014 Communal Forestry Zone 558015 Coco River Traditional Agriculture Zone 558016 Caribbean Coast Traditional Fishing Zone 558025 National Forest Reserve 562000 Not Zoned (Desert) 562001 North-east Oases: Dates, Salt and Trade 562002 Aïr Massif Irrigated Gardening 562003 Transhumant and Nomad Pastoralism 562004 Agropastoral Belt 562005 Rainfed Millet and Sorghum Belt 562006 Cropping and Herding with High Work Outmigration 562007 Southern Irrigated Cash Crops 562008 Southwestern Cereals with Fan-Palm Products 562009 Niger River Irrigated Rice 562010 Dallols - Seasonal Water-Course Irrigated Crops 562011 Southeastern Natron Salt and Small Basin Irrigated Dates 562012 Komadougou Irrigated Peppers 562013 Lake Chad Flood-Retreat Cultivation with Fishing 562014 Transhumant and Nomad Pastoralism-Camels 566001 Coastal Fishing 566002 Southern Cocoa, Palm Oil, and Kola nut 566003 South-Central Yam, Cassava, and Banana 566004 Southeast Rice, Salt, and Granite 566005 Niger and Benue River Floodplain Rice and Fishing 566006 Central Plain Yam and Cassava 566007 Mambilla Plateau Cattle, Cocoa, and Tea 566008 Central Highland Maize and Soybean 566009 Northeastern Highland Maize, Cocoyam, Potatoes, and Livestock 566010 North-Central Maize, Sorghum, and Cotton 566011 Northern Floodplains Irrigated Rice, Wheat, and Vegetables 566012 Northeast Millet, Cowpea, and Sesame 566013 Sahel Mixed Cereals and Livestock 686000 Urban Area - Dakar 686001 The Niayes Gardening and Fishing 686002 Delta Rice, Horticulture, and Agricultural Labor 686003 Valley Rice and Remittances 686004 Dieri Millet and Remittances 686005 Rainfed Cowpea and Groundnut 686006 Sylvopatoral Livestock and Gathering 686007 Small Coast Fishing and Tourism 686008 Rainfed Groundnut and Millet 686009 Agropastoral Groundnut 686010 Rainfed Groundnut and Cereals 686011 Forest and Rainfed Rice 686012 Forest, Rainfed Rice, and Groundnut 686013 Rainfed Maize, Cotton, and Cattle 686014 Rainfed Maize and Lumber 686015 Rainfed Maize and Artisanal Gold Mining 686016 National Park 694000 Urban Area - Not Zoned 694001 Tonkolli Food Crops, Gold and Iron Ore 694002 Bombali Food Crops, Peppers, Tobacco and Livestock 694003 Western Rice, Root Crops, Cereals and Trade Belt 694004 Coastal Food Crops and Fishing 694005 Kailahun-Kenema-Pujehun Cash Crops, Food Crops and Trade 694006 Kono-Kenema-Bo Rice, Tree Crops and Timbers 694007 Koinadugu Food Crops, Livestock and Trade 694008 Follosoba Dembellia and Wara Wara Yagala Vegetables 694009 Freetown Peri-Urban 694010 Rice Bowl Areas 706001 Guban Pastoral 706002 West Golis Pastoral 706003 Northwestern Agropastoral 706004 Togdheer Agropastoral 706005 Hawd Pastoral 706006 Northern Inland Pastoral – Goats and Sheep 706007 East Golis – Frankincense, Goats, and Fishing 706008 Coastal Deeh Pastoral and Fishing 706009 Addun Pastoral 706010 Cowpea Belt Agropastoral 706011 Southern Inland Pastoral – Camels, Goats, Sheep, and Cattle 706012 Southern Agropastoral – Goats, Camels, and Sorghum 706013 Riverine Pump Irrigation 706014 Riverine Gravity Irrigation 706015 Sorghum High Potential Agropastoral 706016 Bay Bakool Low Potential Agropastoral 706017 Southern Rainfed Agropastoral – Maize, Cattle, and Goats 706018 Juba Pastoral – Cattle and Goats 706019 Urban 716000 Urban 716001 Agrofisheries 716002 Beitbridge South Western Lowveld Communal 716003 Bikita-Zaka Highlands Communal 716004 Central and Northern Semi Intensive Farming 716005 Cereal and High Cotton Communal 716006 Cereal and Low Cotton Communal 716007 Eastern Highlands Commercial Farming 716008 Eastern Highlands Prime Communal 716009 Eastern Kalahari Sandveld Communal 716010 Greater Mudzi Communal 716011 Highveld Prime Cereal and Cash Crop Resettlement 716012 Highveld Prime Communal 716013 Irrigated Commercial Sugar and Fruit Farming 716014 Kariba Valley and Kariangwe-Jambezi Communal 716015 Livestock and Cereal Farming Communal in Forests 716016 Lusulu, Lupane and Southern Gokwe Mixed Agriculture 716017 Masvingo Manicaland Middleveld Smallholder 716018 Matabeleland Middleveld Communal 716019 Mutorashanga Informal mining 716020 Mwenezi, Chivi and South Midland Communal 716021 Northern Cattle and Cereal Farming 716022 Northern Zambezi Valley Communal 716023 Save River Valley and Ndowoyo Communal 716024 Southern Cattle and Cereal Farming 716025 Western Kalahari Sandveld Communal 716026 National Park 728001 Equatorial maize and cassava 728002 Ironstone Plateau agro-pastoral 728003 Highland forest and sorghum 728004 Western groundnuts, sesame and sorghum 728005 Eastern semi-arid pastoral 728006 Eastern plains sorghum and cattle 728007 Greater Bahr el Ghazal sorghum and cattle 728008 Nile basin fishing and agro-pastoral 728009 Oil resources, maize and cattle 728010 Northeastern maize and cattle 728011 Northern sorhgum and livestock 729000 Not Zoned 729001 Northern Riverine Small-scale Cultivation 729002 Southern Riverine Small/Medium-scale Cultivation 729003 Eastern Pastoral 729004 West and Central Pastoral 729005 Eastern Khors Agropastoral 729006 Coastal Fishing 729007 Eastern Agropastoral Sorghum 729008 Flood-retreat Cultivation 729009 Central Irrigated Schemes 729010 Southeast Rainfed Semi-mechanized Agriculture 729011 Rainfed Sorghum Belt 729012 Western Agropastoral Millet and Groundnuts 729013 Western Agropastoral Millet 729014 Central Rainfed Millet and Sesame 729015 Jabel Marra Mixed Highland Cultivation 729016 Western Wadi Cultivation 729017 North Darfur Tobacco 729018 North Kordofan Gum Arabic Belt 729019 Cattle Dominant Agropastoral 800001 North Eastern Karamoja Highland Apiculture and Potato Zone 800002 Western Karamoja Mixed Crop Farming Zone 800003 South Eastern Karamoja Cattle Maize Zone 800004 Karamoja Mountain and Foot Hills Maize and Cattle Zone 800005 Central Karamoja Sorghum and Livestock Zone 800006 NE Sorghum Simsim Maize Livestock Zone 800007 North Kitgum Gulu Amuru West Nile Simsim Sorghum Livestock Zone 800008 Palabek Tobacco Simsim Sorghum and Cattle Zone 800009 South Kitgum Pader Abim Simsim Groundnuts Sorghum Cattle Zone 800010 Albertine West Nile Lowland Cattle Zone 800011 Kafu Muzizi Maize Upland Rice Cassava Zone 800012 Albertine Escarpment Cotton Cassava Zone 800013 Bwijanga Pakanyi SugarcaNE Maize Cassava Zone 800014 Karuma Masindi Oyam Tobacco Maize Cassava Zone 800015 West Nile Tobacco Cassava Sorghum Zone 800016 Rwenzori Mt.Elgon West Nile Arabica Coffee Banana Zone 800017 Amuru Gulu Rice Groundnut Sorghum Livestock Zone 800018 Southwest Gulu Beans Groundnuts Shoat Cassava 800019 Mid North Simsim Maize Cassava Zone 800020 Eastern Lowland Maize Beans Rice Zone 800021 Eastern Central Lowland Cassava Sorghum and Groundnut Zone 800022 Mt Elgon Highland Irish Potato Cereal Zone 800023 Central and Southern Cattle Cassava Maize Zone 800024 Lakeshore and Riverbank Fishing Zone 800025 Southeastern Maize Beans Robusta Coffee Zone 800026 Midwest Central and Lake Victoria Crescent Robusta Coffee Banana Maize and Cattle Zone 800027 Rwenzori Midland Banana Fruit Vegetable Dairy Zone 800028 Kazinga Channel Cassava Maize Fruit Vegetable Cotton Zone 800029 Rwenzori Lowland Maize Vegetable Banana Zone 800030 Southeastern Lowland Cassava Cereal Zone 800031 Eastern Lowland Rice Root Crop Zone 800032 Southeastern Lowland Cassava Maize Sweet Potato Zone 800033 East Central Plantation Outgrower Zone 800034 Kayunga Masaka Pineapple Banana Robusta Coffee and Cassava Zone 800035 SW Highland Irish Potato Sorghum Vegetable Zone 800036 Kalangala Fishing Oil Palm Cassava Zone 800037 Western Rift Valley Cocoa Coffee Cassava Zone 800038 Rwenzori Midland Tea and Dairy Zone 800039 Southwestern Midland Banana Robusta Coffee Cattle Zone 800040 SW Rift Valley Tobacco Bean Millet Zone 800041 Urban 800042 National Park 834001 Southern Maasai Pastoralist 834002 River Pangani Paddy and Maize Basin 834003 Tanga Maize and Cattle 834004 Tanga Maize and Sisal Employment 834005 Usambara-Pare Highland 834006 Tanga Maize, Orange, and Jackfruit Midlands 834007 Tanga-Pwani Coastal Maize, Paddy Belt 834008 Handeni-Bagamoyo Maize, Cassava, and Fruit Midlands 834009 Loliondo Midland Maize, Beans, and Livestock 834010 Lower Rombo Maize, Beans, and Finger Millet 834011 Kilimanjaro-Meru Maize, Coffee, and Plantains 834012 Karatu Wheat, Maize, and Coffee 834013 Lower Arusha-Simanjiro Maize 834014 Northern Maasai Pastoralist 834015 Nowu Maize, Beans, and Onions Highlands 834016 Babati Kwaraa Maize, Beans, Sunflower, and Coffee 834017 Kiteto-Kongwa-Mpwapwa-Mvomero Maize, Sorghum, and Pigeon Pea 834018 Mbulu-Karatu Midlands Maize, Beans, and Livestock 834019 Hadzabe Hunter-Gatherer Wild Honey, Wild Roots, and Wild Fruit 834020 Wembere Paddy, Sorghum, Maize, Sunflower, and Fishing 834021 Bahi-Sanza Irrigated Rice, Maize, Bulrush Millet, and Livestock 834022 Iramba Midland Onion, Maize, and Sunflower 834023 Manyoni Upland Maize, Sunflower, Sesame, and Livestock 834024 Tabora-Singida Midland Maize, Sunflower, and Livestock 834025 Singida-Manyara Maize, Sorghum, Beans, and Sunflower 834026 East and South Lakeshore Fishing, Cassava, and Upland Rice 834027 Western Lakeshore Coffee, Fishing, and Banana 834028 Kagera-Kigoma-Mara Banana, Coffee, and Beans 834029 Mwanza-Shinyanga-Mara Cotton, Livestock, Cassava, and Maize 834030 Kagera Lowlands Beans, Maize, and Livestock 834031 Shinyanga-Tabora Cotton, Upland Rice, Sweet Potato, and Livestock 834032 Sengerema-Geita Highland Cassava, Rice, and Maize 834033 Kagera-Kigoma Beans, Cassava, and Maize 834034 Kahama-Tabora Midland Tobacco, Maize, Rice, and Livestock 834035 Kishapu-Meatu-Maswa Sorghum, Cotton, Sweet Potato, and Livestock 834036 Urambo-Nzega Lowland Groundnuts, Cotton, and Maize 834037 Kigoma Lowland Palm Oil, Cassava, and Maize 834038 Urambo Agropastoral Maize and Sweet Potato 834039 Victoria Islands Fishing, Cassava, Sweet Potato, and Paddy 834040 Ruaha Riverine Maize, Onion, Tomato, and Paddy Lowlands 834041 Chalinze-Tunuguo Maize, Cattle, and Cassava 834042 Kilombero-Mtibwa Paddy, Maize, and Sugar Employment 834043 Kilombero-Ulanga-Lusewa Paddy, Maize, and Cassava 834044 Kilosa-Mvomero Maize and Paddy Lowlands 834045 Matombo-Kuyuni Spice, Maize, and Banana 834046 Bagamoyo-Kibaha Midland Cassava, Cashew, and Maize 834047 Morogoro Highland Maize and Vegetable 834048 Maskat-Kimbet Maize and Beans Highlands 834049 Newala-Masasi Plateau Sesame, Cassava, Cashew, and Sorghum 834050 Mtwara-Lindi Coastal Rice and Cashew 834051 Matumbi Midland Upland Rice, Oranges, and Maize 834052 Lindi-Nachingwea Lowland Cassava and Maize 834053 Southeastern Plateau Cassava, Cashew, and Bambara Nuts 834054 Mtwara-Lindi-Pwani Riverine 834055 Singida-Dodoma Sorghum, B/Millet, Sunflower, and Livestock 834056 Dodoma Lowland Sunflower, Grape, and Sorghum 834057 Mpanda Maize, Paddy, Sunflower, and Livestock 834058 Lake Tanganyika-Rukwa Fishing, Maize, and Sunflower 834059 Kyela Paddy, Cacao, and Palm Oil Lowlands 834060 Rungwe Banana, Coffee, Tea, and Livestock Midlands 834061 Mporoto-Umalila Irish Potato, Maize, Wheat, and Pyrethrum Highlands 834062 Mbozi-Mbeya Coffee, Maize, Beans, and Livestock Highlands 834063 Usangu Paddy, Maize, Sorghum, and Livestock Wetlands 834064 Kamsamba Paddy, Sorghum, and Livestock Lowlands 834065 Chunya Maize, Sunflower, Cassava, and Groundnut Midlands 834066 West Chunya Maize, Bulrush Millet, and Sesame Lowlands 834067 Lake Nyasa Shore Cassava Fishing and Paddy 834068 Namtumbo Tobacco, Maize, Paddy, and Cassava Midlands 834069 Matengo Coffee, Maize, Beans, and Piggery Midlands 834070 Songea-Namtumbo-Ludewa-Mibinga Maize, Beans, and Cassava Midlands 834071 Njombe-Mufindi Maize, Timber, Tea, Pyrethrum, and Employment 834072 Mtera Dam Fishing, Sorghum, and Sesame 834073 Makete Wheat, Irish Potato, Timber, and Employment Highlands 834074 Njombe-Mufindi Maize, Irish Potato, and Bean 834075 Iringa-Mbarali Maize, Sunflower, Beans, and Groundnut Belt 834076 Tunduru-Nachingwea-Nanyumbu Cashew, Cassava, and Paddy Lowlands 834077 Mpanda-Chunya-Sikonge Maize and Tobacco Lowlands 834078 Sumbawanga-Mbozi-Mpanda Maize, Sunflower, and Livestock 834098 Water 834099 Not Zoned 854001 South tubers and cereals 854002 Southwest fruits, cotton, and cereals 854003 West cotton and cereals 854004 West cereals and remittances 854005 Central plateau cereals and market gardening 854006 Ouagadougou peri-urban 854007 North and east livestock and cereals 854008 North transhumant pastoralism and millet 854009 Southeast cereals, livestock, forestry and faune 887001 Amran Rainfed Sorghum, Barley, Qat, and Livestock Zone 887002 Arabian Sea Coastal Irrigated Tropical Fruit, Fodder and Livestock Zone 887003 Central and Eastern Plateau Agro-Pastoral Zone 887004 Central and Eastern Wadi Palm, Wheat, Vegetable and Livestock Zone 887005 Central Highland Potato, Vegetable and Livestock Zone 887006 Eastern Plateau Sorghum, Millet and Livestock Zone 887007 Greater Yemen Coastal and Island Fishing Zone 887008 Northern and Eastern Desert Pastoral Zone 887009 Sa'adah Irrigated Wheat, Fruit, Vegetable, Qat, and Livestock Zone 887010 Western and Central Highland Qat, Grain, Fodder and Livestock Zone 887011 Western and Central Wadi Sorghum, Millet, Vegetable, Fruit and Livestock Zone 887012 Western Central Highland Coffee, Qat, Sorghum and Livestock Zone 887013 Western Central Highland Wheat, Sorghum, Qat, and Livestock Zone 887014 Western Coastal Plain Sorghum, Millet, and Livestock Zone 887015 Urban 894001 Zambezi Plain Rice, Livestock, and Fishing 894002 Southwestern Cereal, Livestock, and Timber 894003 Western and Northwestern Cassava, Maize, and Cattle 894004 Kaoma Smallholder Food Crop and Tobacco 894005 Northwestern Timber and Honey 894006 Solwezi and Kasempa Mining Labor and Agriculture 894007 Kafue Plain Maize, Cattle, and Fishing 894008 Commercial Rail Line Maize, Livestock, and Cotton 894009 Southern Plateau Cattle, Maize, and Tobacco 894010 Zambezi Valley Agro-fisheries 894011 Mkushi, Chisamba, and Mpongwe Commercial Farming Block 894012 Central Copperbelt Maize, Cassava, and Sweet Potato 894013 Copperbelt Labor and Trade 894014 Mkushi and Serenje Maize, Sweet Potato, and Horticulture 894015 Luangwa Valley Informal Mining, Fishing, and Hunting 894016 Eastern Plateau Maize, Cotton, and Groundnut 894017 Eastern Plateau Maize, Groundnut, Tobacco, and Trade 894018 Luangwa Valley Subsistence Farming, Hunting, and Tourism 894019 Northern Border Maize, Beans, Livestock, and Trade 894020 Muchinga, Northern, and Luapula Cassava, Groundnut, and Mill 894021 Mweru, Bangweulu, and Tanganyika Fisheries LIVELIHOOD reports the predominant livelihood zone within a 5-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. Livelihood zones can be used as an indicator for sources of food and/or income and as a measure of people's vulnerability to hazards, such as flood, drought, food crisis, market disruption, or conflicts. Information on livelihood zones are available for selected countries of Africa, Afghanistan, El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, and Nicaragua. Livelihood zones are country-specific; therefore, codes and labels for LIVELIHOOD vary across countries. The original LIVELIHOOD zone codes from the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET [URL omitted from DDI.]) begin with the 2-character alphabetic ISO code followed by the livelihood zone code. In place of the 2-character alphabetic ISO code used in the source data, IPUMS-DHS substitutes the 3-digit ISO country code (e.g., 231 for Ethiopia), followed by the 3-digit numeric livelihood zone code (e.g., 177 for West Central Teff). LIVELIHOOD, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Proportion of land area used for agriculture (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for agriculture (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for agriculture (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for agriculture (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for agriculture (circa 2000) -00998 Missing CROPLAND reports the proportion of land that is planted in crops, for a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The statistics reported in CROPLAND are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. CROPLAND is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. CROPLAND, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Proportion of land area used for pastureland (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for pastureland (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for pastureland (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for pastureland (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for pastureland (circa 2000) -00998 Missing PASTURELAND reports the proportion of land that is used as pasture, for a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The pasture area statistics reported in PASTURELAND are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. PASTURELAND is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. PASTURELAND, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Precipitation monthly time-series Precipitation monthly time-series Precipitation monthly time-series Precipitation monthly time-series Precipitation monthly time-series 1 PRECIP available PRECIP consists of a set of 72 separate variables. These variables report the average precipitation in millimeters, received within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, for the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, the month of the survey start date, and the 11 individual months following the survey start date. Note that "average" precipitation here refers to averaging the monthly precipitation values for the various subareas included in the buffer zone. By adding PRECIP to your data cart, you are in effect adding 72 separate variables for: the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, denoted by the number of months prior to the survey start date (e.g., PRECIP_01 is the average precipitation in the month before the survey start date; PRECIP_60 is the average precipitation in the 60th month before the survey start date); the month of the survey start date (PRECIP_00); the 11 individual months following the month of the survey start date, denoted by the number of months following the month of the survey start date (e.g., PRECIP_A01 is the average precipitation in the month following the month of the survey start date). The full set of monthly precipitation data, from January 1981 through August 2018, is available on the IPUMS-DHS contextual variables downloads [URL omitted from DDI.] page. Users can merge the precipitation data, available in csv format, with their IPUMS-DHS data extract to create average or total precipitation variables (e.g., average January precipitation, total 2017 precipitation), for the time frame suited to their research question. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Precipitation 60 months before survey start date Precipitation 60 months before survey start date Precipitation 60 months before survey start date Precipitation 60 months before survey start date Precipitation 60 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 59 months before survey start date Precipitation 59 months before survey start date Precipitation 59 months before survey start date Precipitation 59 months before survey start date Precipitation 59 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 58 months before survey start date Precipitation 58 months before survey start date Precipitation 58 months before survey start date Precipitation 58 months before survey start date Precipitation 58 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 57 months before survey start date Precipitation 57 months before survey start date Precipitation 57 months before survey start date Precipitation 57 months before survey start date Precipitation 57 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 56 months before survey start date Precipitation 56 months before survey start date Precipitation 56 months before survey start date Precipitation 56 months before survey start date Precipitation 56 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 55 months before survey start date Precipitation 55 months before survey start date Precipitation 55 months before survey start date Precipitation 55 months before survey start date Precipitation 55 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 54 months before survey start date Precipitation 54 months before survey start date Precipitation 54 months before survey start date Precipitation 54 months before survey start date Precipitation 54 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 53 months before survey start date Precipitation 53 months before survey start date Precipitation 53 months before survey start date Precipitation 53 months before survey start date Precipitation 53 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 52 months before survey start date Precipitation 52 months before survey start date Precipitation 52 months before survey start date Precipitation 52 months before survey start date Precipitation 52 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 51 months before survey start date Precipitation 51 months before survey start date Precipitation 51 months before survey start date Precipitation 51 months before survey start date Precipitation 51 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 50 months before survey start date Precipitation 50 months before survey start date Precipitation 50 months before survey start date Precipitation 50 months before survey start date Precipitation 50 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 49 months before survey start date Precipitation 49 months before survey start date Precipitation 49 months before survey start date Precipitation 49 months before survey start date Precipitation 49 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 48 months before survey start date Precipitation 48 months before survey start date Precipitation 48 months before survey start date Precipitation 48 months before survey start date Precipitation 48 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 47 months before survey start date Precipitation 47 months before survey start date Precipitation 47 months before survey start date Precipitation 47 months before survey start date Precipitation 47 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 46 months before survey start date Precipitation 46 months before survey start date Precipitation 46 months before survey start date Precipitation 46 months before survey start date Precipitation 46 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 45 months before survey start date Precipitation 45 months before survey start date Precipitation 45 months before survey start date Precipitation 45 months before survey start date Precipitation 45 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 44 months before survey start date Precipitation 44 months before survey start date Precipitation 44 months before survey start date Precipitation 44 months before survey start date Precipitation 44 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 43 months before survey start date Precipitation 43 months before survey start date Precipitation 43 months before survey start date Precipitation 43 months before survey start date Precipitation 43 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 42 months before survey start date Precipitation 42 months before survey start date Precipitation 42 months before survey start date Precipitation 42 months before survey start date Precipitation 42 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 41 months before survey start date Precipitation 41 months before survey start date Precipitation 41 months before survey start date Precipitation 41 months before survey start date Precipitation 41 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 40 months before survey start date Precipitation 40 months before survey start date Precipitation 40 months before survey start date Precipitation 40 months before survey start date Precipitation 40 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 39 months before survey start date Precipitation 39 months before survey start date Precipitation 39 months before survey start date Precipitation 39 months before survey start date Precipitation 39 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 38 months before survey start date Precipitation 38 months before survey start date Precipitation 38 months before survey start date Precipitation 38 months before survey start date Precipitation 38 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 37 months before survey start date Precipitation 37 months before survey start date Precipitation 37 months before survey start date Precipitation 37 months before survey start date Precipitation 37 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 36 months before survey start date Precipitation 36 months before survey start date Precipitation 36 months before survey start date Precipitation 36 months before survey start date Precipitation 36 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 35 months before survey start date Precipitation 35 months before survey start date Precipitation 35 months before survey start date Precipitation 35 months before survey start date Precipitation 35 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 34 months before survey start date Precipitation 34 months before survey start date Precipitation 34 months before survey start date Precipitation 34 months before survey start date Precipitation 34 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 33 months before survey start date Precipitation 33 months before survey start date Precipitation 33 months before survey start date Precipitation 33 months before survey start date Precipitation 33 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 32 months before survey start date Precipitation 32 months before survey start date Precipitation 32 months before survey start date Precipitation 32 months before survey start date Precipitation 32 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 31 months before survey start date Precipitation 31 months before survey start date Precipitation 31 months before survey start date Precipitation 31 months before survey start date Precipitation 31 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 30 months before survey start date Precipitation 30 months before survey start date Precipitation 30 months before survey start date Precipitation 30 months before survey start date Precipitation 30 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 29 months before survey start date Precipitation 29 months before survey start date Precipitation 29 months before survey start date Precipitation 29 months before survey start date Precipitation 29 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 28 months before survey start date Precipitation 28 months before survey start date Precipitation 28 months before survey start date Precipitation 28 months before survey start date Precipitation 28 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 27 months before survey start date Precipitation 27 months before survey start date Precipitation 27 months before survey start date Precipitation 27 months before survey start date Precipitation 27 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 26 months before survey start date Precipitation 26 months before survey start date Precipitation 26 months before survey start date Precipitation 26 months before survey start date Precipitation 26 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 25 months before survey start date Precipitation 25 months before survey start date Precipitation 25 months before survey start date Precipitation 25 months before survey start date Precipitation 25 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 24 months before survey start date Precipitation 24 months before survey start date Precipitation 24 months before survey start date Precipitation 24 months before survey start date Precipitation 24 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 23 months before survey start date Precipitation 23 months before survey start date Precipitation 23 months before survey start date Precipitation 23 months before survey start date Precipitation 23 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 22 months before survey start date Precipitation 22 months before survey start date Precipitation 22 months before survey start date Precipitation 22 months before survey start date Precipitation 22 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 21 months before survey start date Precipitation 21 months before survey start date Precipitation 21 months before survey start date Precipitation 21 months before survey start date Precipitation 21 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 20 months before survey start date Precipitation 20 months before survey start date Precipitation 20 months before survey start date Precipitation 20 months before survey start date Precipitation 20 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 19 months before survey start date Precipitation 19 months before survey start date Precipitation 19 months before survey start date Precipitation 19 months before survey start date Precipitation 19 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 18 months before survey start date Precipitation 18 months before survey start date Precipitation 18 months before survey start date Precipitation 18 months before survey start date Precipitation 18 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 17 months before survey start date Precipitation 17 months before survey start date Precipitation 17 months before survey start date Precipitation 17 months before survey start date Precipitation 17 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 16 months before survey start date Precipitation 16 months before survey start date Precipitation 16 months before survey start date Precipitation 16 months before survey start date Precipitation 16 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 15 months before survey start date Precipitation 15 months before survey start date Precipitation 15 months before survey start date Precipitation 15 months before survey start date Precipitation 15 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 14 months before survey start date Precipitation 14 months before survey start date Precipitation 14 months before survey start date Precipitation 14 months before survey start date Precipitation 14 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 13 months before survey start date Precipitation 13 months before survey start date Precipitation 13 months before survey start date Precipitation 13 months before survey start date Precipitation 13 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 12 months before survey start date Precipitation 12 months before survey start date Precipitation 12 months before survey start date Precipitation 12 months before survey start date Precipitation 12 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 11 months before survey start date Precipitation 11 months before survey start date Precipitation 11 months before survey start date Precipitation 11 months before survey start date Precipitation 11 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 10 months before survey start date Precipitation 10 months before survey start date Precipitation 10 months before survey start date Precipitation 10 months before survey start date Precipitation 10 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 9 months before survey start date Precipitation 9 months before survey start date Precipitation 9 months before survey start date Precipitation 9 months before survey start date Precipitation 9 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 8 months before survey start date Precipitation 8 months before survey start date Precipitation 8 months before survey start date Precipitation 8 months before survey start date Precipitation 8 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 7 months before survey start date Precipitation 7 months before survey start date Precipitation 7 months before survey start date Precipitation 7 months before survey start date Precipitation 7 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 6 months before survey start date Precipitation 6 months before survey start date Precipitation 6 months before survey start date Precipitation 6 months before survey start date Precipitation 6 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 5 months before survey start date Precipitation 5 months before survey start date Precipitation 5 months before survey start date Precipitation 5 months before survey start date Precipitation 5 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 4 months before survey start date Precipitation 4 months before survey start date Precipitation 4 months before survey start date Precipitation 4 months before survey start date Precipitation 4 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 3 months before survey start date Precipitation 3 months before survey start date Precipitation 3 months before survey start date Precipitation 3 months before survey start date Precipitation 3 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 2 months before survey start date Precipitation 2 months before survey start date Precipitation 2 months before survey start date Precipitation 2 months before survey start date Precipitation 2 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 1 month before survey start date Precipitation 1 month before survey start date Precipitation 1 month before survey start date Precipitation 1 month before survey start date Precipitation 1 month before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation month of survey start date Precipitation month of survey start date Precipitation month of survey start date Precipitation month of survey start date Precipitation month of survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 1 month after survey start date Precipitation 1 month after survey start date Precipitation 1 month after survey start date Precipitation 1 month after survey start date Precipitation 1 month after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 2 months after survey start date Precipitation 2 months after survey start date Precipitation 2 months after survey start date Precipitation 2 months after survey start date Precipitation 2 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 3 months after survey start date Precipitation 3 months after survey start date Precipitation 3 months after survey start date Precipitation 3 months after survey start date Precipitation 3 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 4 months after survey start date Precipitation 4 months after survey start date Precipitation 4 months after survey start date Precipitation 4 months after survey start date Precipitation 4 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 5 months after survey start date Precipitation 5 months after survey start date Precipitation 5 months after survey start date Precipitation 5 months after survey start date Precipitation 5 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 6 months after survey start date Precipitation 6 months after survey start date Precipitation 6 months after survey start date Precipitation 6 months after survey start date Precipitation 6 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 7 months after survey start date Precipitation 7 months after survey start date Precipitation 7 months after survey start date Precipitation 7 months after survey start date Precipitation 7 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 8 months after survey start date Precipitation 8 months after survey start date Precipitation 8 months after survey start date Precipitation 8 months after survey start date Precipitation 8 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 9 months after survey start date Precipitation 9 months after survey start date Precipitation 9 months after survey start date Precipitation 9 months after survey start date Precipitation 9 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 10 months after survey start date Precipitation 10 months after survey start date Precipitation 10 months after survey start date Precipitation 10 months after survey start date Precipitation 10 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 11 months after survey start date Precipitation 11 months after survey start date Precipitation 11 months after survey start date Precipitation 11 months after survey start date Precipitation 11 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum monthly temperature Average minimum monthly temperature Average minimum monthly temperature Average minimum monthly temperature Average minimum monthly temperature 1 TEMPMAX available TEMPMIN consists of a set of 72 separate variables reporting minimum monthly temperatures. These variables report the average minimum temperature in kelvin scale, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, for the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, the month of the survey start date, and the 11 individual months following the survey start date. Note that "average" minimum temperature here refers to averaging the minimum temperature values for the various subareas included in the buffer zone. By adding TEMPMIN to your data cart, you are in effect adding 72 separate variables for: the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, denoted by the number of months prior to the survey start date (e.g., TEMPMIN_01 is the average minimum temperature in the month before the survey start date; TEMPMIN _60 is the average minimum temperature in the 60th month before the survey start date) the month of the survey start date (TEMPMIN _00) the 11 individual months following the month of the survey start date, denoted by the number of months following the month of the survey start date (e.g., TEMPMIN_A01 is the average minimum temperature in the month following the month of the survey start date) The full set of monthly temperature data, from January 1980 through December 2016, is available on the IPUMS-DHS contextual variables downloads [URL omitted from DDI.] page. Users can merge the temperature data, available in csv format, with their IPUMS-DHS data extract to create average or total precipitation variables (e.g., average minimum January temperature), for the time frame suited to their research question. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Average minimum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 60 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 59 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 58 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 57 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 56 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 55 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 54 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 53 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 52 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 51 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 50 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 49 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 48 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 47 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 46 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 45 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 44 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 43 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 42 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 41 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 40 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 39 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 38 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 37 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 36 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 35 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 34 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 33 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 32 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 31 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 30 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 29 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 28 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 27 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 26 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 25 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 24 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 23 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 22 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 21 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 20 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 19 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 18 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 17 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 16 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 15 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 14 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 13 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 12 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature month of survey start date Average minimum temperature month of survey start date Average minimum temperature month of survey start date Average minimum temperature month of survey start date Average minimum temperature month of survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum monthly temperature Average maximum monthly temperature Average maximum monthly temperature Average maximum monthly temperature Average maximum monthly temperature 1 TEMPMAX available TEMPMAX consists of a set of 72 separate variables reporting maximum monthly temperatures. These variables report the average maximum temperature in kelvin scale, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, for the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, the month of the survey start date, and the 11 individual months following the survey start date. Note that "average" maximum temperature here refers to averaging the maximum temperature values for the various subareas included in the buffer zone. By adding TEMPMAX to your data cart, you are in effect adding 72 separate variables for: the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, denoted by the number of months prior to the survey start date (e.g., TEMPMAX_01 is the average maximum temperature in the month before the survey start date; TEMPMAX _60 is the average maximum temperature in the 60th month before the survey start date) the month of the survey start date (TEMPMAX _00) the 11 individual months following the month of the survey start date, denoted by the number of months following the month of the survey start date (e.g., TEMPMAX_A01 is the average maximum temperature in the month following the month of the survey start date). The full set of monthly temperature data, from January 1980 through December 2016, is available on the IPUMS-DHS contextual variables downloads [URL omitted from DDI.] page. Users can merge the temperature data, available in csv format, with their IPUMS-DHS data extract to create average or total precipitation variables (e.g., average maximum July temperature), for the time frame suited to their research question. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Average maximum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 60 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 59 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 58 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 57 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 56 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 55 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 54 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 53 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 52 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 51 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 50 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 49 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 48 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 47 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 46 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 45 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 44 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 43 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 42 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 41 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 40 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 39 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 38 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 37 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 36 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 35 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 34 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 33 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 32 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 31 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 30 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 29 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 28 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 27 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 26 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 25 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 24 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 23 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 22 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 21 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 20 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 19 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 18 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 17 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 16 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 15 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 14 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 13 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 12 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature month of survey start date Average maximum temperature month of survey start date Average maximum temperature month of survey start date Average maximum temperature month of survey start date Average maximum temperature month of survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Population density quinquennial time-series (2000-2020) Population density quinquennial time-series (2000-2020) Population density quinquennial time-series (2000-2020) Population density quinquennial time-series (2000-2020) Population density quinquennial time-series (2000-2020) 1 POPDENSITY available POPDENSITY consists of a set of 5 separate variables. These variables report the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. By adding POPDENSITY to your data cart, you are in effect adding 5 separate variables (POPDENSITY_2000 - POPDENSITY_2020), one variable for each month. Values for POPDENSITY are based on population projections from the results of the 2000 and 2010 rounds of censuses. POPDENSITY variables can be used as indicators of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, for greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. POPDENSITY, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Population density 2000 Population density 2000 Population density 2000 Population density 2000 Population density 2000 -000998 Missing POPDENSITY_2000 reports the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2000. The population density statistics are available for the following years: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. POPDENSITY_2000 is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. POPDENSITY_2000 can be used as an indicator of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, and greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. Please see the User Note on Using IPUMS-DHS Contextual Variables: POPDENSITY_2000 [URL omitted from DDI.] for more information about this variable, including data sources and methodology. This variable, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is based on sources outside The DHS Program, with values around DHS sample cluster points calculated by IPUMS-DHS staff. IPUMS Population density 2005 Population density 2005 Population density 2005 Population density 2005 Population density 2005 -000998 Missing POPDENSITY_2005 reports the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2005. The population density statistics are available for the following years: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. POPDENSITY_2005 is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. POPDENSITY_2005 can be used as an indicator of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, and greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. Please see the User Note on Using IPUMS-DHS Contextual Variables: POPDENSITY_2005 [URL omitted from DDI.] for more information about this variable, including data sources and methodology. This variable, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is based on sources outside The DHS Program, with values around DHS sample cluster points calculated by IPUMS-DHS staff. IPUMS Population density 2010 Population density 2010 Population density 2010 Population density 2010 Population density 2010 -000998 Missing POPDENSITY_2010 reports the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2010. The population density statistics are available for the following years: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. POPDENSITY_2010 is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. POPDENSITY_2010 can be used as an indicator of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, and greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. Please see the User Note on Using IPUMS-DHS Contextual Variables: POPDENSITY_2010 [URL omitted from DDI.] for more information about this variable, including data sources and methodology. This variable, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is based on sources outside The DHS Program, with values around DHS sample cluster points calculated by IPUMS-DHS staff. IPUMS Population density 2015 Population density 2015 Population density 2015 Population density 2015 Population density 2015 -000998 Missing POPDENSITY_2015 reports the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2015. The population density statistics are available for the following years: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. POPDENSITY_2015 is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. POPDENSITY_2015 can be used as an indicator of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, and greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. Please see the User Note on Using IPUMS-DHS Contextual Variables: POPDENSITY_2015 [URL omitted from DDI.] for more information about this variable, including data sources and methodology. This variable, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is based on sources outside The DHS Program, with values around DHS sample cluster points calculated by IPUMS-DHS staff. IPUMS Population density 2020 Population density 2020 Population density 2020 Population density 2020 Population density 2020 -000998 Missing POPDENSITY_2020 reports the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2020. The population density statistics are available for the following years: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. POPDENSITY_2020 is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. POPDENSITY_2020 can be used as an indicator of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, and greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. Values for POPDENSITY_2020 are based on population projections from the results of the 2010 round of censuses, which occurred between 2005 and 2014. Please see the User Note on Using IPUMS-DHS Contextual Variables: POPDENSITY_2020 [URL omitted from DDI.] for more information about this variable, including data sources and methodology. This variable, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is based on sources outside The DHS Program, with values around DHS sample cluster points calculated by IPUMS-DHS staff. IPUMS Harvested area barley (in 2000) Harvested area barley (in 2000) Harvested area barley (in 2000) Harvested area barley (in 2000) Harvested area barley (in 2000) -00000998 Missing BARLEY_H reports total harvested area dedicated to barley, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in BARLEY_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable BARLEY_P reports total crop production of barley, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. BARLEY_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area cassava (in 2000) Harvested area cassava (in 2000) Harvested area cassava (in 2000) Harvested area cassava (in 2000) Harvested area cassava (in 2000) -00000998 Missing CASSAVA_H reports total harvested area dedicated to cassava, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in CASSAVA_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable CASSAVA_P reports total crop production of cassava, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. CASSAVA_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area cotton (in 2000) Harvested area cotton (in 2000) Harvested area cotton (in 2000) Harvested area cotton (in 2000) Harvested area cotton (in 2000) -00000998 Missing COTTON_H reports total harvested area dedicated to cotton, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in COTTON_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable COTTON_P reports total crop production of cotton, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. COTTON_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area groundnuts (in 2000) Harvested area groundnuts (in 2000) Harvested area groundnuts (in 2000) Harvested area groundnuts (in 2000) Harvested area groundnuts (in 2000) -00000998 Missing GROUNDNUT_H reports total harvested area dedicated to groundnuts, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in GROUNDNUT_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable GROUNDNUT_P reports total crop production of groundnuts, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. GROUNDNUT_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area maize (in 2000) Harvested area maize (in 2000) Harvested area maize (in 2000) Harvested area maize (in 2000) Harvested area maize (in 2000) -00000998 Missing MAIZE_H reports total harvested area dedicated to maize, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in MAIZE_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable MAIZE_P reports total crop production of maize, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. MAIZE_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area millet (in 2000) Harvested area millet (in 2000) Harvested area millet (in 2000) Harvested area millet (in 2000) Harvested area millet (in 2000) -00000998 Missing MILLET_H reports total harvested area dedicated to millet, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in MILLET_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable MILLET_P reports total crop production of millet, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. MILLET_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area oilpalm (in 2000) Harvested area oilpalm (in 2000) Harvested area oilpalm (in 2000) Harvested area oilpalm (in 2000) Harvested area oilpalm (in 2000) -00000998 Missing OILPALM_H reports total harvested area dedicated to oil palm, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in OILPALM_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable OILPALM_P reports total crop production of oil palm, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. OILPALM_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area potatoes (in 2000) Harvested area potatoes (in 2000) Harvested area potatoes (in 2000) Harvested area potatoes (in 2000) Harvested area potatoes (in 2000) -00000998 Missing POTATO_H reports total harvested area dedicated to potatoes, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in POTATO_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable POTATO_P reports total crop production of potatoes, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. POTATO_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area rapeseed (in 2000) Harvested area rapeseed (in 2000) Harvested area rapeseed (in 2000) Harvested area rapeseed (in 2000) Harvested area rapeseed (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RAPESEED_H reports total harvested area dedicated to rapeseed, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in RAPESEED_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RAPESEED_P reports total crop production of rapeseed, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RAPESEED_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area rice (in 2000) Harvested area rice (in 2000) Harvested area rice (in 2000) Harvested area rice (in 2000) Harvested area rice (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RICE_H reports total harvested area dedicated to rice, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in RICE_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RICE_P reports total crop production of rice, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RICE_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area sorghum (in 2000) Harvested area sorghum (in 2000) Harvested area sorghum (in 2000) Harvested area sorghum (in 2000) Harvested area sorghum (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SORGHUM_H reports total harvested area dedicated to sorghum, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in SORGHUM_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SORGHUM_P reports total crop production of sorghum, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SORGHUM_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area soybeans (in 2000) Harvested area soybeans (in 2000) Harvested area soybeans (in 2000) Harvested area soybeans (in 2000) Harvested area soybeans (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SOYBEAN_H reports total harvested area dedicated to soybeans, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in SOYBEAN_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SOYBEAN_P reports total crop production of soybean, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SOYBEAN_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area sugarbeets (in 2000) Harvested area sugarbeets (in 2000) Harvested area sugarbeets (in 2000) Harvested area sugarbeets (in 2000) Harvested area sugarbeets (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUGARBEET_H reports total harvested area dedicated to sugar beets, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in SUGARBEET_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUGARBEET_P reports total crop production of sugar beets, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUGARBEET_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area sugarcane (in 2000) Harvested area sugarcane (in 2000) Harvested area sugarcane (in 2000) Harvested area sugarcane (in 2000) Harvested area sugarcane (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUGARCANE_H reports total harvested area dedicated to sugar cane, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in SUGARCANE_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUGARCANE_P reports total crop production of sugar cane, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUGARCANE_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area sunflowers (in 2000) Harvested area sunflowers (in 2000) Harvested area sunflowers (in 2000) Harvested area sunflowers (in 2000) Harvested area sunflowers (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUNFLOWER_H reports total harvested area dedicated to sunflowers, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in SUNFLOWER_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUNFLOWER_P reports total crop production of sunflowers, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUNFLOWER_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area wheat (in 2000) Harvested area wheat (in 2000) Harvested area wheat (in 2000) Harvested area wheat (in 2000) Harvested area wheat (in 2000) -00000998 Missing WHEAT_H reports total harvested area dedicated to wheat, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in WHEAT_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable WHEAT_P reports total crop production of wheat, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. WHEAT_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area rye (in 2000) Harvested area rye (in 2000) Harvested area rye (in 2000) Harvested area rye (in 2000) Harvested area rye (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RYE_H reports total harvested area dedicated to rye, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in RYE_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RYE_P reports total crop production of rye, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RYE_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total barley production (in 2000) Total barley production (in 2000) Total barley production (in 2000) Total barley production (in 2000) Total barley production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing BARLEY_P reports the total crop production of barley, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in BARLEY_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable BARLEY_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to barley, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. BARLEY_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total cassava production (in 2000) Total cassava production (in 2000) Total cassava production (in 2000) Total cassava production (in 2000) Total cassava production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing CASSAVA_P reports the total crop production of cassava, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in CASSAVA_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable CASSAVA_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to cassava, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. CASSAVA_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total cotton production (in 2000) Total cotton production (in 2000) Total cotton production (in 2000) Total cotton production (in 2000) Total cotton production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing COTTON_P reports the total crop production of cotton, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in COTTON_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable COTTON_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to cotton, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. COTTON_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total groundnut production (in 2000) Total groundnut production (in 2000) Total groundnut production (in 2000) Total groundnut production (in 2000) Total groundnut production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing GROUNDNUT_P reports the total crop production of groundnuts, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in GROUNDNUT_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable GROUNDNUT_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to groundnuts, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. GROUNDNUT_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total maize production (in 2000) Total maize production (in 2000) Total maize production (in 2000) Total maize production (in 2000) Total maize production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing MAIZE_P reports the total crop production of maize, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in MAIZE_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable MAIZE_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to maize, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. MAIZE_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total millet production (in 2000) Total millet production (in 2000) Total millet production (in 2000) Total millet production (in 2000) Total millet production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing MILLET_P reports the total crop production of millet, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in MILLET_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable MILLET_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to millet, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. MILLET_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total oilpalm production (in 2000) Total oilpalm production (in 2000) Total oilpalm production (in 2000) Total oilpalm production (in 2000) Total oilpalm production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing OILPALM_P reports the total crop production of oil palm, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in OILPALM_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable OILPALM_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to oil palm, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. OILPALM_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total potato production (in 2000) Total potato production (in 2000) Total potato production (in 2000) Total potato production (in 2000) Total potato production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing POTATO_P reports the total crop production of potatoes, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in POTATO_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable POTATO_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to potatoes, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. POTATO_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total rapeseed production (in 2000) Total rapeseed production (in 2000) Total rapeseed production (in 2000) Total rapeseed production (in 2000) Total rapeseed production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RAPESEED_P reports the total crop production of rapeseed, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in RAPESEED_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RAPESEED_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to rapeseed, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RAPESEED_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total rice production (in 2000) Total rice production (in 2000) Total rice production (in 2000) Total rice production (in 2000) Total rice production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RICE_P reports the total crop production of rice, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in RICE_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RICE_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to rice, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RICE_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total sorghum production (in 2000) Total sorghum production (in 2000) Total sorghum production (in 2000) Total sorghum production (in 2000) Total sorghum production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SORGHUM_P reports the total crop production of sorghum, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in SORGHUM_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SORGHUM_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to sorghum, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SORGHUM_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total soybean production (in 2000) Total soybean production (in 2000) Total soybean production (in 2000) Total soybean production (in 2000) Total soybean production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SOYBEAN_P reports the total crop production of soybeans, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in SOYBEAN_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SOYBEAN_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to soybeans, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SOYBEAN_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total sugarbeet production (in 2000) Total sugarbeet production (in 2000) Total sugarbeet production (in 2000) Total sugarbeet production (in 2000) Total sugarbeet production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUGARBEET_P reports the total crop production of sugar beets, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in SUGARBEET_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUGARBEET_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to sugar beets, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUGARBEET_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total sugarcane production (in 2000) Total sugarcane production (in 2000) Total sugarcane production (in 2000) Total sugarcane production (in 2000) Total sugarcane production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUGARCANE_P reports the total crop production of sugar cane, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in SUGARCANE_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUGARCANE_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to sugar cane, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUGARCANE_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total sunflower production (in 2000) Total sunflower production (in 2000) Total sunflower production (in 2000) Total sunflower production (in 2000) Total sunflower production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUNFLOWER_P reports the total crop production of sunflowers, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in SUNFLOWER_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUNFLOWER_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to sunflowers, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUNFLOWER_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total wheat production (in 2000) Total wheat production (in 2000) Total wheat production (in 2000) Total wheat production (in 2000) Total wheat production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing WHEAT_P reports the total crop production of wheat, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in WHEAT_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable WHEAT_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to wheat, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. WHEAT_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total rye production (in 2000) Total rye production (in 2000) Total rye production (in 2000) Total rye production (in 2000) Total rye production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RYE_P reports the total crop production of rye, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in RYE_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RYE_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to rye, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RYE_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS IPUMS-DHS sample identifier IPUMS-DHS sample identifier IPUMS-DHS sample identifier IPUMS-DHS sample identifier IPUMS-DHS sample identifier 00101 Model 2015 00401 Afghanistan 2015 02401 Angola 2015 05001 Bangladesh 1994 05002 Bangladesh 1996-97 05003 Bangladesh 1999-00 05004 Bangladesh 2004 05005 Bangladesh 2007 05006 Bangladesh 2011 05007 Bangladesh 2014 10401 Myanmar 2015 10801 Burundi 1987 10802 Burundi 2010 10803 Burundi 2016 11601 Cambodia 2000 11602 Cambodia 2005 11603 Cambodia 2010 11604 Cambodia 2014 12001 Cameroon 1991 12002 Cameroon 1998 12003 Cameroon 2004 12004 Cameroon 2011 14801 Chad 1996-97 14802 Chad 2004 14803 Chad 2014 18001 Congo Democratic Republic 2007 18002 Congo Democratic Republic 2013-14 20401 Benin 1996 20402 Benin 2001 20403 Benin 2006 20404 Benin 2011 23101 Ethiopia 2000 23102 Ethiopia 2005 23103 Ethiopia 2011 23104 Ethiopia 2016 28801 Ghana 1988 28802 Ghana 1993 28803 Ghana 1998 28804 Ghana 2003 28805 Ghana 2008 28806 Ghana 2014 32001 Guatemala 1987 32002 Guatemala 1995 32003 Guatemala 2015 32401 Guinea 1999 32402 Guinea 2005 32403 Guinea 2012 35601 India 1992-93 35602 India 1998-99 35603 India 2005-06 35604 India 2015-16 38401 Cote d'Ivoire 1994 38402 Cote d'Ivoire 1998 38403 Cote d'Ivoire 2011 40001 Jordan 1990 40002 Jordan 1997 40003 Jordan 2002 40004 Jordan 2007 40005 Jordan 2009 40006 Jordan 2012 40007 Jordan 2017-18 40401 Kenya 1989 40402 Kenya 1993 40403 Kenya 1998 40404 Kenya 2003 40405 Kenya 2008-9 40406 Kenya 2014 42601 Lesotho 2004 42602 Lesotho 2009 42603 Lesotho 2014 45001 Madagascar 1992 45002 Madagascar 1997 45003 Madagascar 2003 45004 Madagascar 2008 45401 Malawi 1992 45402 Malawi 2000 45403 Malawi 2004 45404 Malawi 2010 45405 Malawi 2016 46601 Mali 1987 46602 Mali 1995-6 46603 Mali 2001 46604 Mali 2006 46605 Mali 2012 50401 Morocco 1987 50402 Morocco 1992 50403 Morocco 2003 50801 Mozambique 1997 50802 Mozambique 2003 50803 Mozambique 2011 51601 Namibia 1992 51602 Namibia 2000 51603 Namibia 2006 51604 Namibia 2013 52401 Nepal 1996 52402 Nepal 2001 52403 Nepal 2006 52404 Nepal 2011 52405 Nepal 2016 56201 Niger 1992 56202 Niger 1998 56203 Niger 2006 56204 Niger 2012 56601 Nigeria 1990 56602 Nigeria 1999 56603 Nigeria 2003 56604 Nigeria 2008 56605 Nigeria 2013 58601 Pakistan 1990-91 58602 Pakistan 2006-07 58603 Pakistan 2012-13 58604 Pakistan 2017-18 60401 Peru 1991-92 60402 Peru 1996 60403 Peru 2000 60404 Peru 2004-08 60405 Peru 2010 60406 Peru 2011 60407 Peru 2012 64601 Rwanda 1992 64602 Rwanda 2000 64603 Rwanda 2005 64604 Rwanda 2010 64605 Rwanda 2014 68601 Senegal 1986 68602 Senegal 1992-93 68603 Senegal 1997 68604 Senegal 2005 68605 Senegal 2010-11 68606 Senegal 2012-13 68607 Senegal 2014 68608 Senegal 2015 68609 Senegal 2016 68610 Senegal 2017 71001 South Africa 1998 71002 South Africa 2016 71601 Zimbabwe 1988 71602 Zimbabwe 1994 71603 Zimbabwe 1999 71604 Zimbabwe 2005-6 71605 Zimbabwe 2010-11 71606 Zimbabwe 2015 72901 Sudan 1989-90 78801 Tunisia 1988 79201 Turkey 1993 79202 Turkey 1998 79203 Turkey 2003 80001 Uganda 1988 80002 Uganda 1995 80003 Uganda 2001 80004 Uganda 2006 80005 Uganda 2011 80006 Uganda 2016 81801 Egypt 1988 81802 Egypt 1992 81803 Egypt 1995 81804 Egypt 2000 81805 Egypt 2005 81806 Egypt 2008 81807 Egypt 2014 83401 Tanzania 1991 83402 Tanzania 1996 83403 Tanzania 1999 83404 Tanzania 2004 83405 Tanzania 2010 83406 Tanzania 2015 85401 Burkina Faso 1993 85402 Burkina Faso 1998 85403 Burkina Faso 2003 85404 Burkina Faso 2010 88701 Yemen 1991-92 88702 Yemen 2013 89401 Zambia 1992 89402 Zambia 1996 89403 Zambia 2001 89404 Zambia 2007 89405 Zambia 2013 SAMPLE identifies the DHS sample from which the case is drawn. Each sample receives a unique 5-digit code. The first three digits are ISO/UN codes used in COUNTRY, and the last two digits identify the sample within the country, ordered by survey year. The related variable SAMPLESTR is a string variable that identifies the DHS sample with the same 5-digit code. IPUMS IPUMS-DHS sample identifier (string) IPUMS-DHS sample identifier (string) IPUMS-DHS sample identifier (string) IPUMS-DHS sample identifier (string) IPUMS-DHS sample identifier (string) 11603 Cambodia 2010 11602 Cambodia 2005 11601 Cambodia 2000 10803 Burundi 2016 10802 Burundi 2010 10801 Burundi 1987 10401 Myanmar 2015 05007 Bangladesh 2014 05006 Bangladesh 2011 05005 Bangladesh 2007 05004 Bangladesh 2004 05003 Bangladesh 1999-00 05001 Bangladesh 1994 05002 Bangladesh 1996-97 14801 Chad 1996-97 12004 Cameroon 2011 12003 Cameroon 2004 14803 Chad 2014 18001 Congo Democratic Republic 2007 18002 Congo Democratic Republic 2013-14 20401 Benin 1996 81807 Egypt 2014 81806 Egypt 2008 81805 Egypt 2005 81804 Egypt 2000 81803 Egypt 1995 81802 Egypt 1992 81801 Egypt 1988 80006 Uganda 2016 80005 Uganda 2011 80004 Uganda 2006 80003 Uganda 2001 80002 Uganda 1995 80001 Uganda 1988 79203 Turkey 2003 79202 Turkey 1998 79201 Turkey 1993 78801 Tunisia 1988 72901 Sudan 1989-90 71606 Zimbabwe 2015 71605 Zimbabwe 2010-11 71604 Zimbabwe 2005-6 71603 Zimbabwe 1999 71602 Zimbabwe 1994 71601 Zimbabwe 1988 71001 South Africa 1998 68610 Senegal 2017 68609 Senegal 2016 68608 Senegal 2015 68607 Senegal 2014 14802 Chad 2004 68606 Senegal 2012-13 68605 Senegal 2010-11 68604 Senegal 2005 68603 Senegal 1997 68602 Senegal 1992-93 68601 Senegal 1986 64605 Rwanda 2014 64604 Rwanda 2010 64603 Rwanda 2005 64602 Rwanda 2000 64601 Rwanda 1992 60407 Peru 2012 60406 Peru 2011 60405 Peru 2010 60404 Peru 2004-08 60403 Peru 2000 60402 Peru 1996 60401 Peru 1991-92 58603 Pakistan 2012-13 58602 Pakistan 2006-07 58601 Pakistan 1990-91 56605 Nigeria 2013 56604 Nigeria 2008 56603 Nigeria 2003 56602 Nigeria 1999 56601 Nigeria 1990 56204 Niger 2012 56203 Niger 2006 56202 Niger 1998 12002 Cameroon 1998 12001 Cameroon 1991 11604 Cambodia 2014 02401 Angola 2015 00401 Afghanistan 2015 00101 Model 2015 56201 Niger 1992 52404 Nepal 2011 52403 Nepal 2006 52402 Nepal 2001 52401 Nepal 1996 51604 Namibia 2013 51603 Namibia 2006 51602 Namibia 2000 51601 Namibia 1992 50803 Mozambique 2011 50802 Mozambique 2003 50801 Mozambique 1997 50403 Morocco 2003 50402 Morocco 1992 50401 Morocco 1987 46605 Mali 2012 46604 Mali 2006 46603 Mali 2001 46602 Mali 1995-6 46601 Mali 1987 45405 Malawi 2016 45404 Malawi 2010 45403 Malawi 2004 45402 Malawi 2000 45401 Malawi 1992 45004 Madagascar 2008 45003 Madagascar 2003 45002 Madagascar 1997 45001 Madagascar 1992 42603 Lesotho 2014 42602 Lesotho 2009 42601 Lesotho 2004 40406 Kenya 2014 40405 Kenya 2008-9 40404 Kenya 2003 40403 Kenya 1998 40402 Kenya 1993 40401 Kenya 1989 40006 Jordan 2012 40005 Jordan 2009 40004 Jordan 2007 40003 Jordan 2002 40002 Jordan 1997 40001 Jordan 1990 38403 Cote d'Ivoire 2011 38402 Cote d'Ivoire 1998 38401 Cote d'Ivoire 1994 35604 India 2015-16 35603 India 2005-06 35602 India 1998-99 35601 India 1992-93 32403 Guinea 2012 32402 Guinea 2005 32401 Guinea 1999 32003 Guatemala 2015 32002 Guatemala 1995 32001 Guatemala 1987 28806 Ghana 2014 28805 Ghana 2008 28804 Ghana 2003 28803 Ghana 1998 28802 Ghana 1993 28801 Ghana 1988 23104 Ethiopia 2016 23103 Ethiopia 2011 23102 Ethiopia 2005 23101 Ethiopia 2000 20404 Benin 2011 20403 Benin 2006 20402 Benin 2001 83401 Tanzania 1991 83402 Tanzania 1996 83403 Tanzania 1999 83404 Tanzania 2004 83405 Tanzania 2010 83406 Tanzania 2015 85401 Burkina Faso 1993 85402 Burkina Faso 1998 85403 Burkina Faso 2003 85404 Burkina Faso 2010 88701 Yemen 1991-92 88702 Yemen 2013 89401 Zambia 1992 89402 Zambia 1996 89403 Zambia 2001 89404 Zambia 2007 89405 Zambia 2013 40007 Jordan 2017 52405 Nepal 2016 58604 Pakistan 2017-18 71002 South Africa 2016 SAMPLESTR is a string variable that identifies the DHS sample from which the case is drawn. Each sample receives a unique 5-digit code. The first three digits are ISO/UN codes used in COUNTRY, and the last two digits identify the sample within the country, ordered by survey year. The related variable SAMPLE is a numeric variable that identifies the DHS sample with the same 5-digit code. IPUMS Country Country Country Country Country 001 Model 004 Afghanistan 024 Angola 050 Bangladesh 104 Myanmar 108 Burundi 116 Cambodia 120 Cameroon 148 Chad 180 Congo Democratic Republic 204 Benin 231 Ethiopia 288 Ghana 320 Guatemala 324 Guinea 356 India 384 Cote d'Ivoire 400 Jordan 404 Kenya 426 Lesotho 450 Madagascar 454 Malawi 466 Mali 504 Morocco 508 Mozambique 516 Namibia 524 Nepal 562 Niger 566 Nigeria 586 Pakistan 604 Peru 646 Rwanda 686 Senegal 710 South Africa 716 Zimbabwe 729 Sudan 788 Tunisia 792 Turkey 800 Uganda 818 Egypt 834 Tanzania 854 Burkina Faso 887 Yemen 894 Zambia COUNTRY reports the country where the survey was fielded. The codes assigned to each country are those used by the UN Statistics Division and the ISO (International Organization for Standardization). IPUMS Year of sample Year of sample Year of sample Year of sample Year of sample 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 YEAR reports the year when the survey was fielded, as a four-digit variable. In some cases, the DHS was conducted over the course of two years (e.g., Ethiopia 2010-2011), but YEAR always gives a single year. For full information about the timing of the surveys, please consult the IPUMS-DHS Sample Descriptions page. IPUMS Unique cross-sample respondent identifier Unique cross-sample respondent identifier Unique cross-sample respondent identifier Unique cross-sample respondent identifier Unique cross-sample respondent identifier IDHSPID is an identifying number unique to person in a given sample. It is a concatenation of SAMPLE and CASEID. IDHSPID is a 22-character string variable. IPUMS Unique cross-sample household identifier Unique cross-sample household identifier Unique cross-sample household identifier Unique cross-sample household identifier Unique cross-sample household identifier IDHSHID is an identifying number unique to a specific household in a given sample. It is a concatenation of SAMPLE, CLUSTERNO and HHNUM. IDHSHID is a 19-character string variable. IPUMS Key to link DHS clusters to context data (string) Key to link DHS clusters to context data (string) Key to link DHS clusters to context data (string) Key to link DHS clusters to context data (string) Key to link DHS clusters to context data (string) DHSID is the 14-character DHS identification code for DHS clusters constructed from the 2-character country code, the 4-digit survey year, and the 8-digit cluster identification number. DHSID is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample and uniquely identifies clusters across samples. It serves as the unique linking key between IPUMS-DHS microdata and DHS cluster shapefiles. This is a 14-digit numeric variable with 0 implied decimal places IPUMS Unique sample-case PSU identifier Unique sample-case PSU identifier Unique sample-case PSU identifier Unique sample-case PSU identifier Unique sample-case PSU identifier IDHSPSU is an identifying number unique to the primary sampling unit in a given sample. This variable is a concatenation of SAMPLE (which uniquely identifies each country- and year-specific sample) and PSU (the numbered primary sampling units within a given sample). IPUMS Unique cross-sample sampling strata Unique cross-sample sampling strata Unique cross-sample sampling strata Unique cross-sample sampling strata Unique cross-sample sampling strata IDHSSTRATA is an identifying number unique to the sampling strata in a given sample. This variable is a concatenation of SAMPLE (which uniquely identifies each country- and year-specific sample) and STRATA (groups of geographically similar areas, from which primary sampling units are drawn). IPUMS Sample-specific respondent identifier Sample-specific respondent identifier Sample-specific respondent identifier Sample-specific respondent identifier Sample-specific respondent identifier CASEID is the unique identifier for each woman in a given sample year. Using CASEID and CLUSTERNO, analysts can link IPUMS-DHS data to the original DHS datasets to attach variables that are not currently available in IPUMS-DHS. For example, researchers can use CASEID and CLUSTERNO to link variables from the IPUMS-DHS with other variables from the Woman's Recode file to merge country-specific variables, or to the Household or Couples Recode file to attach variables that are not yet part of IPUMS-DHS. In most samples, users can identify women who are in the same household by using the first 12 characters of CASEID (and CLUSTERNO (V001)), as this indicates a unique household identifier. CASEID is generally created by The DHS Program using the variables CLUSTERNO (V001), HHNUM (V002), and LINENO (V003), with the last three characters indicating the respondent's line number in the household file. For instructions on how to create links between IPUMS-DHS data and DHS source data, see the User Note on "Merging IDHS and DHS Data." [URL omitted from DDI.] CASEID is a 18-character string variable. IPUMS Sample-specific household identifier Sample-specific household identifier Sample-specific household identifier Sample-specific household identifier Sample-specific household identifier HHID is an identifying number unique to each household in a given sample. HHID is a 15-character string variable. IPUMS Sample-specific primary sampling unit Sample-specific primary sampling unit Sample-specific primary sampling unit Sample-specific primary sampling unit Sample-specific primary sampling unit PSU (V021) is the variable indicating the primary sampling unit or PSU. It should be used along with the variable DOMAIN (V023) to account for the impact of the sample design clustering on the variance estimates and standard errors. The DHS Recode Manuals for Phase 2 forward describe this variable as follows: Primary sampling unit is a number assigned to sample points to identify the primary sampling units for use in the calculation of sampling errors. This variable is usually the same as the cluster number and/or the ultimate area unit, but may differ if the sample design required a multistage selection process. See the notes on DHS webpage "Using sample weights" [URL omitted from DDI.] on variance estimation for additional information. PSU (V021) is a 6-digit variable. IPUMS Sample-specific sampling strata Sample-specific sampling strata Sample-specific sampling strata Sample-specific sampling strata Sample-specific sampling strata STRATA (V022) defines the pairings or groupings of primary sampling units used in the calculation of sampling errors when using the Taylor series expansion method. In two-stage sampling, The DHS Program may first group small geographic areas, such as enumeration areas from the last census, into broad strata defined jointly by region and urban versus rural areas within a region. In the second stage of sampling, a subset of geographic areas (sample clusters) are selected as the sites for interviewing from within defined strata. STRATA is not the same as DOMAIN (V023). (Domains represent statistically representative areas for which valid summary statistics can be calculated for a survey, such as provinces and national urban versus rural combined areas, as described in the survey's final report.) The DHS Program recommends using STRATA along with the variable PSU (V021) to account for the impact of the sample design clustering on the estimates of variance and standard errors. Users are strongly encouraged to review the FAQ section provided by The DHS Program on specifying stratification and clustering here [URL omitted from DDI.], using Stata or SPSS to account for sample design. STRATA (V022) is a 5-digit variable. IPUMS Sample-specific domain Sample-specific domain Sample-specific domain Sample-specific domain Sample-specific domain DOMAIN (V023) defines the basic geographic units for which the sample was designed to yield representative estimates. The DHS Recode Manual describes DOMAIN as follows: For example, if the sample was designed to be self-weighting within region, this variable would define those regions; if the sample was designed to be self-weighting within major urban areas, other urban areas and rural areas, this variable would define the major urban, other urban and rural areas. If the sample is self-weighted at the national level, this variable is code 0. When national estimates are desired, users should include survey design variables, including DOMAIN (V023) and PSU (V021), and the correct sample weights (e.g., PERWEIGHT (V005)) to adjust sampling errors to account for DHS' sample design. In most countries, DOMAIN defines the stratification for the sample (generally either regional or national). However, some countries use two levels of stratification, such as region and urban/rural areas. Users should check for the correct stratification design by consulting the Final Report(s) for the sample(s) of interest (particularly the Introduction and Sample Design sections and Implementation Appendix). DOMAIN is a 5-digit variable. IPUMS Household number in cluster Household number in cluster Household number in cluster Household number in cluster Household number in cluster HHNUM (V002) is the number identifying the household in which the respondent was interviewed, within each sample. To identify unique households in most samples, researchers must use HHNUM with CLUSTERNO (V001). For most samples, HHNUM and CLUSTERNO can be used to merge IPUMS-DHS data from the women's file to DHS Household Recode files, to incorporate household variables not yet available in the IPUMS-DHS. However, in some household files, HHNUM and CLUSTERNO do not uniquely identify households in the DHS Household Recode file. For information about the IPUMS-DHS samples where HHNUM and CLUSTERNO are not sufficient to uniquely identify households, and for guidance on what further steps to take for linking files in such cases, please consult the User Note on Linking. [URL omitted from DDI.] HHNUM is a 4-digit variable. IPUMS Sample-specific cluster number Sample-specific cluster number Sample-specific cluster number Sample-specific cluster number Sample-specific cluster number CLUSTERNO (V001) reports the cluster number for the person's de facto residence. According to the DHS Sampling Manual, "A cluster is the smallest geographical survey statistical unit for DHS surveys. It consists of a number of adjacent households in a geographical area. For DHS surveys, a cluster corresponds either to an [enumeration area], or a segment of a large [enumeration area]." The most recent census for a country, which divided all territory into enumeration areas to ensure full coverage of the population, often provides the sampling frame for a DHS survey. CLUSTERNO is the variable indicating the primary sampling unit or PSU. It should be used along with the variable STRATA to account for the impact of the sample design clustering on the estimates of variance and standard errors. See the notes on DHS webpage "Use sample weights" [URL omitted from DDI.] on variance estimation for additional information. CLUSTERNO (V001) and HHNUM (V002) can be used to merge the women's individual recode file to the household recode file. See the DHS webpage Merging Datasets [URL omitted from DDI.] on variables to be used for linking data sets. CLUSTERNO is an 8 digit variable. IPUMS Sample-specific ultimate area unit Sample-specific ultimate area unit Sample-specific ultimate area unit Sample-specific ultimate area unit Sample-specific ultimate area unit ULTAREAUNIT (V004) reports the ultimate area unit for the person's de facto residence. According to the DHS recode manuals, ULTAREAUNIT is a number assigned to each sample point to identify the ultimate area units in the collection of data. It is usually the same as the cluster number [CLUSTERNO (V001)], but may be a sequentially numbered variable for samples with a more complicated structure. ULTAREAUNIT can be used to account for the impact of the sampling design clustering on the variance estimates and standard errors. ULTAREAUNIT (V004) is a 4-digit variable. IPUMS Dwelling unit number within household Dwelling unit number within household Dwelling unit number within household Dwelling unit number within household Dwelling unit number within household STRUCTURNO is the number of the structure (dwelling unit) within the household. This variable is country-specific. STRUCTURNO is a 3-digit variable. IPUMS Household line number of woman respondent Household line number of woman respondent Household line number of woman respondent Household line number of woman respondent Household line number of woman respondent 1) NUMBER 001 1 002 2 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 035 35 036 36 037 37 038 38 039 39 040 40 041 41 042 42 043 43 044 44 045 45 046 46 047 47 048 48 049 49 050 50 051 51 052 52 053 53 054 54 055 55 056 56 057 57 058 58 059 59 060 60 061 61 062 62 063 63 064 64 065 65 066 66 067 67 068 68 069 69 070 70 071 71 072 72 073 73 074 74 075 75 076 76 077 77 078 78 079 79 080 80 081 81 082 82 083 83 084 84 085 85 086 86 087 87 088 88 089 89 090 90 091 91 092 92 093 93 094 94 095 95 096 96 097 97 098 98 099 99 100 100 101 101 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 LINENO (V003) reports the number of the line on which the DHS interviewer recorded the woman's name, when filling out the household schedule. After asking "Please give me the names of the persons who usually live in your household or are staying with you now, starting with the head of the household," the interviewer recorded each name in turn on successively numbered lines printed on the household survey form. IPUMS Respondent's line number (answering Household questionnaire) Respondent's line number (answering Household questionnaire) Respondent's line number (answering Household questionnaire) Respondent's line number (answering Household questionnaire) Respondent's line number (answering Household questionnaire) 1) NUMBER 00 Not in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 98 Missing LINENOHHRESP (HV003) reports the line number in the household schedule of the person responding to the questions asked in the household questionnaire. If nobody in the household was available for the interview, this variable is coded "00." IPUMS Birth history index number Birth history index number Birth history index number Birth history index number Birth history index number 211) Now I would like to talk to you about your children, whether they are still alive or not, beginning with the first birth that you had. (IN 212 WRITE THE NAME OF EACH CHILD, WRITING THE NAMES OF TWINS OR TRIPLETS ON SEPARATE LINES) 07 7 08 8 09 9 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 01 1 BIDX reports the index number of the child in the mother's birth history, from 1 to n, where the nth birth is the mother's first birth, and 1 is the most recently born child. Up to 20 births could be reported by a woman. After asking "Now I would like to record the names of all your births, whether still alive or not, with the first one you had," the interviewer recorded each child's name in turn on successively numbered lines printed in the "Reproduction" section of the individual woman's questionnaire. Combined with CASEID, BIDX uniquely identifies children within a sample. Combined with IDHSPID, BIDX uniquely identifies children across samples. Using these variables, data users can link IPUMS-DHS data to original DHS child-level and birth-level datasets. IPUMS Sample weight for persons Sample weight for persons Sample weight for persons Sample weight for persons Sample weight for persons PERWEIGHT (V005) is an 8-digit variable with 6 implied decimal places, which should be used as a weighting factor to produce representative numbers accurately describing the surveyed population. While the DHS Recode Manuals direct the researcher to divide the original weight variable by 1,000,000 before applying the weighting factor to the original DHS data files, it is not necessary to modify the value of PERWEIGHT before applying this weight to cases in IPUMS-DHS. PERWEIGHT should be used to weight nearly all tabulations made using IPUMS-DHS data. Occasionally, as with the domestic violence variables, a subset of respondents are randomly selected to answer questions from a survey module, and a specialized weight such as DVWEIGHT should be used instead. Note: The 6 implied decimal places in PERWEIGHT mean that the last six digits of the eight-digit variable are decimal digits, but there is no actual decimal in the data. PERWEIGHT is an 8-digit numeric variable with 6 implied decimal places. See the variable description for directions on the use of PERWEIGHT. IPUMS All woman factor for total population All woman factor for total population All woman factor for total population All woman factor for total population All woman factor for total population AWFACTT is a 5-digit variable (in IPUMS-DHS) with 2 implied decimal places that is used to create total population estimates for all women of childbearing age, for those samples interviewing only ever-married women. A post from DHS senior staff member Tom Pullum on the DHS Users Forum explains, The all-woman factors are needed when you are trying to estimate something for all women, but you have to work with ever-married women because that's all you have in the sample. An example is when you want to estimate a fertility rate for all women but you only have the births and exposure for ever-married women. You have to assume that (a) never-married women have no births and (b) awfact/100 is a multiplier to inflate exposure for ever-married women to exposure for all women. For surveys that used a sampling frame of all women of childbearing age, AWFACTT has a value of 100 (or 1.00, with two decimal places), and thus has no effect on the survey statistics when used as a multiplier. For samples that included only ever-married women, AWFACTT serves as a multiplier to create total population figures for all women of childbearing age, following the assumptions noted above. The width of AWFACTT ranges from a low of 3 to a high of 5 in the original DHS files; see Comparability for further discussion. AWFACTT is a 5-digit numeric variable with 2 implied decimal places. See the variable description for directions on the use of AWFACTT. IPUMS Household selected for men's/husband's survey (individual-level) Household selected for men's/husband's survey (individual-level) Household selected for men's/husband's survey (individual-level) Household selected for men's/husband's survey (individual-level) Household selected for men's/husband's survey (individual-level) HUSBAND INTERVIEW: YES 1 NO 2 Not selected 1 Selected for men's survey 2 Selected for husband's survey MENSELHH (HV027) indicates whether the respondent's household was selected for the men's or husband's survey. Samples including neither a men's survey nor a husband's survey are excluded from this variable in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Year of interview Year of interview Year of interview Year of interview Year of interview INTYEAR (V007) reports the year the interview took place. The dates reported in INTYEAR are based on the Gregorian calendar. IPUMS Month of interview Month of interview Month of interview Month of interview Month of interview 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December MONTHINT (V006) reports the month when the interview took place. IPUMS Day of interview Day of interview Day of interview Day of interview Day of interview 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 INTDAY (V016) reports the day of the month on which the interview took place. INTDAY uses dates expressed in the Gregorian calendar. IPUMS Century month date of interview Century month date of interview Century month date of interview Century month date of interview Century month date of interview INTDATECMC (V008) reports century month code for the date on which the interview took place. Century month codes (CMC) are particularly useful for checking the consistency of dates, calculating intervals between events, and imputing dates when the information for an event is missing or partially complete. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. The year 1900 was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS-relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 is: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed between January 1900 and June 2002. Starting with CMC figures, one can calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC - 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC minus ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) The information above is based on "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006). [URL omitted from DDI.]. The century month codes reported in INTDATECMC are calculated using the Gregorian calculator. INTDATECMC (V008) is a 4-digit variable. IPUMS Century month code (CMC) for start of survey Century month code (CMC) for start of survey Century month code (CMC) for start of survey Century month code (CMC) for start of survey Century month code (CMC) for start of survey 1415 1415 1414 1414 1399 1399 1397 1397 1408 1408 1402 1402 1398 1398 1393 1393 1392 1392 1391 1391 1390 1390 1388 1388 1387 1387 1386 1386 1381 1381 1379 1379 1378 1378 1377 1377 1374 1374 1373 1373 1372 1372 1369 1369 1365 1365 1364 1364 1361 1361 1358 1358 1355 1355 1354 1354 1353 1353 1350 1350 1346 1346 1344 1344 1339 1339 1338 1338 1333 1333 1332 1332 1330 1330 1329 1329 1328 1328 1327 1327 1326 1326 1325 1325 1320 1320 1318 1318 1307 1307 1305 1305 1302 1302 1299 1299 1296 1296 1290 1290 1288 1288 1287 1287 1285 1285 1283 1283 1281 1281 1280 1280 1277 1277 1274 1274 1273 1273 1271 1271 1269 1269 1268 1268 1264 1264 1262 1262 1258 1258 1257 1257 1255 1255 1250 1250 1249 1249 1248 1248 1247 1247 1246 1246 1244 1244 1243 1243 1242 1242 1241 1241 1240 1240 1239 1239 1231 1231 1223 1223 1220 1220 1213 1213 1209 1209 1207 1207 1206 1206 1202 1202 1199 1199 1197 1197 1193 1193 1191 1191 1187 1187 1185 1185 1184 1184 1179 1179 1178 1178 1177 1177 1173 1173 1170 1170 1167 1167 1165 1165 1164 1164 1163 1163 1160 1160 1159 1159 1158 1158 1153 1153 1151 1151 1143 1143 1135 1135 1134 1134 1127 1127 1125 1125 1124 1124 1118 1118 1116 1116 1115 1115 1113 1113 1111 1111 1110 1110 1109 1109 1108 1108 1107 1107 1105 1105 1103 1103 1102 1102 1096 1096 1092 1092 1090 1090 1084 1084 1079 1079 1068 1068 1066 1066 1065 1065 1062 1062 1058 1058 1049 1049 1047 1047 1036 1036 INTSTARTCMC reports the century month code (CMC) for the first month the survey was fielded, according to the DHS Program website. The contextual variables in IPUMS DHS use the month in INTSTARTCMC as the month of the survey start date. The related variable INTENDCMC reports the century month code for the last month the survey was fielded, according to the DHS Program website. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. The year 1900 was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS-relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 is: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed between January 1900 and June 2002. Starting with CMC figures, one can calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC - 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC - ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) The information above is based on "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006). [URL omitted from DDI.]. The century month codes reported in INTSTARTCMC are calculated using the Gregorian calculator. IPUMS Century month code (CMC) for end of survey Century month code (CMC) for end of survey Century month code (CMC) for end of survey Century month code (CMC) for end of survey Century month code (CMC) for end of survey 1418 1418 1417 1417 1403 1403 1420 1420 1039 1039 1051 1051 1052 1052 1062 1062 1066 1066 1069 1069 1070 1070 1073 1073 1085 1085 1090 1090 1092 1092 1097 1097 1101 1101 1105 1105 1107 1107 1108 1108 1109 1109 1110 1110 1114 1114 1115 1115 1118 1118 1119 1119 1124 1124 1125 1125 1126 1126 1130 1130 1131 1131 1139 1139 1148 1148 1153 1153 1157 1157 1158 1158 1160 1160 1163 1163 1165 1165 1167 1167 1168 1168 1171 1171 1174 1174 1176 1176 1182 1182 1183 1183 1185 1185 1187 1187 1190 1190 1191 1191 1193 1193 1195 1195 1199 1199 1200 1200 1203 1203 1204 1204 1205 1205 1207 1207 1208 1208 1211 1211 1212 1212 1215 1215 1217 1217 1218 1218 1223 1223 1229 1229 1233 1233 1242 1242 1244 1244 1245 1245 1246 1246 1247 1247 1249 1249 1250 1250 1251 1251 1253 1253 1256 1256 1261 1261 1262 1262 1265 1265 1266 1266 1267 1267 1268 1268 1272 1272 1274 1274 1275 1275 1276 1276 1277 1277 1280 1280 1282 1282 1283 1283 1284 1284 1286 1286 1287 1287 1292 1292 1294 1294 1295 1295 1300 1300 1302 1302 1306 1306 1307 1307 1310 1310 1316 1316 1320 1320 1321 1321 1325 1325 1331 1331 1333 1333 1335 1335 1336 1336 1337 1337 1338 1338 1340 1340 1343 1343 1344 1344 1347 1347 1349 1349 1350 1350 1354 1354 1356 1356 1358 1358 1360 1360 1362 1362 1365 1365 1367 1367 1370 1370 1372 1372 1374 1374 1378 1378 1379 1379 1380 1380 1384 1384 1390 1390 1392 1392 1394 1394 1398 1398 1399 1399 1402 1402 1404 1404 1405 1405 1406 1406 1416 1416 INTENDCMC reports the century month code (CMC) for the last month the survey was fielded, according to the DHS Program website. The related variable INTSTARTCMC reports the century month code for the first month the survey was fielded, according to the DHS Program website. The contextual variables in IPUMS DHS use the month in INTSTARTCMC as the month of the survey start date. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. The year 1900 was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS-relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 is: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed between January 1900 and June 2002. Starting with CMC figures, one can calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC - 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC - ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) The information above is based on "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006). [URL omitted from DDI.]. The century month codes reported in INTENDCMC are calculated using the Gregorian calculator. IPUMS Time interview started (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time interview started (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time interview started (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time interview started (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time interview started (hhmm - 24 hour clock) 101) RECORD TIME HOUR: ___ MINUTES: ___ 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) INTSTART (V801) reports the time of the start of the interview. The first two digits give the time in hours using the 24-hour clock, and the last two digits give the minutes within that hour. For example, a code of "1349" indicates the interview began at 1:49 P.M. IPUMS Time interview ended (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time interview ended (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time interview ended (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time interview ended (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time interview ended (hhmm - 24 hour clock) 819) RECORD TIME HOUR: ___ MINUTES: ___ 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) INTEND (V802) reports the time of the end of the interview. The first two digits give the time in hours using the 24-hour clock, and the last two digits give the minutes within that hour. For example, a code of "1349" indicates the interview ended at 1:49 P.M. IPUMS Length of interview (minutes) Length of interview (minutes) Length of interview (minutes) Length of interview (minutes) Length of interview (minutes) 819) RECORD TIME HOUR: ___ MINUTES: ___ 00 0 minutes 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95+ 96 2+ visits 97 Inconsistent 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) INTDURATION (V803) reports the duration of the female interview (in minutes). The duration is top-coded at 95 minutes. Interviews that required more than one visit (INTVISITNO (V804) are coded as "96" for "2+ visits." INTDURATION is calculated based on the interview's start and end times in INTSTART (V801) and INTEND (V802). IPUMS Number of visits for the interview Number of visits for the interview Number of visits for the interview Number of visits for the interview Number of visits for the interview TOTAL NUMBER OF VISITS ___ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) INTVISITNO (V804) reports the number of visits required to complete the female interview. IPUMS Result of individual interview Result of individual interview Result of individual interview Result of individual interview Result of individual interview COMPLETED 1 NOT AT HOME 2 POSTPONED 3 REFUSED 4 PARTIALLY FILLED OUT 5 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 6 7 Other 6 Respondent Incapacitated 5 Partly completed 4 Refused 3 Postponed 2 Not at home 1 Completed INTRESULT (V015) reports the result of the individual interview. Code 1 represents a completed interview. Only completed interview cases are included in the DHS women's individual recode files, which provide the source material for IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Ever-married or all-women sample Ever-married or all-women sample Ever-married or all-women sample Ever-married or all-women sample Ever-married or all-women sample 1 All women sample 2 Ever-married women sample EVMARALLSAMP (V020) indicates whether the sample includes only ever-married women or includes all women of childbearing age. IPUMS Identification number of interviewer, women's survey Identification number of interviewer, women's survey Identification number of interviewer, women's survey Identification number of interviewer, women's survey Identification number of interviewer, women's survey INTERVIEWER: (REPEAT FOR SECOND AND THIRD INTERVIEWERS) DATE__ DAY__ MONTH__ YEAR__ INTERVIEWER NAME___ RESULTS___ NEXT VISIT [FOR INTERVIEWERS 1 AND 2]: DATE__ TIME__ FINAL VISIT: DAY__ MONTH__ YEAR 19__ INTERVIEWER__ RESULT__ INTERVIEWERIDIR (V028) reports the interviewer identification code for the interviewer conducting the individual women's interviews for women of childbearing age. Codes are country- and sample-specific; a given numeric code in one survey refers to a different person than the same numeric code in another survey. Numbering of interviewer codes is not necessarily consecutive; some surveys use "0" as an identification code, for example, while others begin with a 3-digit number. Using the interviewer identification codes, researchers can evaluate whether the quality of responses (e.g., the number of "missing" cases) depended on the person conducting the interview. IPUMS Identification number of interviewer, household survey Identification number of interviewer, household survey Identification number of interviewer, household survey Identification number of interviewer, household survey Identification number of interviewer, household survey INTERVIEWER: (REPEAT FOR SECOND AND THIRD INTERVIEWERS) DATE__ DAY__ MONTH__ YEAR__ INTERVIEWER NAME___ RESULTS___ INTERVIEWERIDHH (HV018) reports the interviewer identification code for the interviewer conducting the household survey. Codes are country- and sample-specific; a given numeric code in one survey refers to a different person than the same numeric code in another survey. Numbering of interviewer codes is not necessarily consecutive; some surveys use "0" as an identification code, for example, while others begin with a 3-digit number. Using the interviewer identification codes, researchers can evaluate whether the quality of responses (e.g., the number of "missing" cases) depended on the person conducting the interview. IPUMS Urban-rural status Urban-rural status Urban-rural status Urban-rural status Urban-rural status VILLAGE/QUARTER ___ NIAMEY 1 AGADEZ, MARADI, TAHOUA, ZINDER 2 OTHER CITY 3 RURAL 4 2 Rural 1 Urban URBAN (V025) indicates whether the person's de facto residence was in an urban or rural location. The definition of urban varies across countries. See Comparability. IPUMS De facto place of residence De facto place of residence De facto place of residence De facto place of residence De facto place of residence VILLAGE/QUARTER ___ NIAMEY 1 AGADEZ, MARADI, TAHOUA, ZINDER 2 OTHER CITY 3 RURAL 4 10 City 11 Capital or other large city 12 Other city 20 Town or countryside 21 Town 22 Countryside DEFACTORES (V026) reports the type of place--city, town, or countryside--where the person was interviewed. IPUMS Years lived in place of residence Years lived in place of residence Years lived in place of residence Years lived in place of residence Years lived in place of residence 103) For how long have you been a long-term resident of (NAME OF CURRENT RESIDENCE)? NUMBER OF YEARS: ___ ALWAYS 95 (GO TO 105) JUST VISITING 96 (GO TO 105) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 95 Always 96 Visitor 97 Inconsistent 98 Missing RESIDEINTYR (V104) reports the number of years the woman had been living continuously in the village, town, or city where she was interviewed. IPUMS Type of place of previous residence Type of place of previous residence Type of place of previous residence Type of place of previous residence Type of place of previous residence 104) Just before moving here, did you live in the city of Niamey, in another capital in Agadez, Maradi, Tahous, Zinder or other large foreign city, in a town or the country? NIAMEY/OTHER CAPITAL 1 AGADEZ/MARADI/TAOUA/ZINDER/OTHER LARGE FOREIGN CITY 2 TOWN 3 COUNTRY 4 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Missing 30 Other or abroad 20 Town or countryside 12 Other city 11 Capital or other large city 10 City 31 Abroad 21 Town 22 Countryside 32 Separated camp 33 Tribal area 34 Informal settlement 39 Other, unspecified PREVRESTYP (V105) reports the type of place--city, town, countryside, or a site abroad--where the person lived just before moving to the current place of residence. IPUMS Childhood place of residence Childhood place of residence Childhood place of residence Childhood place of residence Childhood place of residence 102) To begin, I'd like to ask you some questions about yourself and your household. During the majority of the first 12 years of your life, did you live in the city of Niamey, in another capital in Agadez, Maradi, Tahous, Zinder or other large foreign city, in a town or the country? NIAMEY/OTHER CAPITAL 1 AGADEZ/MARADI/TAOUA/ZINDER/OTHER LARGE FOREIGN CITY 2 TOWN 3 COUNTRY 4 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Missing 30 Other 20 Town or countryside 13 Other city or town 12 Other city 11 Capital or large city 10 City 31 Abroad 21 Town 22 Countryside KIDRESTYP (V103) reports the type of place--city, town, countryside, or somewhere abroad--where the woman lived for most of her childhood (usually defined as prior to age 12). Due to country- and survey-level variation in data collection, IPUMS-DHS uses composite coding to maximize comparability across samples for this variable. IPUMS Niger regions, 1992-2012 [integrated; GIS] Niger regions, 1992-2012 [integrated; GIS] Niger regions, 1992-2012 [integrated; GIS] Niger regions, 1992-2012 [integrated; GIS] Niger regions, 1992-2012 [integrated; GIS] 1 Tahoua/Agadez 2 Zinder/Diffa 3 Dossa 4 Maradi 5 Tillaberi 6 Niamey GEO_ NE1992_2012 indicates the region of Niger where the respondent was interviewed. The variable is integrated to yield units with consistent boundaries across samples. Labels identify the modern geographic units (regions) contained in each integrated region. Each sample also has its own non-integrated geography variable. The 1992, 2006, and 2012 samples have greater geographic detail available in their sample-specific variables. An integrated GIS map (in shapefile format) for Niger can be downloaded here [URL omitted from DDI.]. IPUMS Niger regions, 1992 [GIS] Niger regions, 1992 [GIS] Niger regions, 1992 [GIS] Niger regions, 1992 [GIS] Niger regions, 1992 [GIS] 1 Niamey 2 Agadez 3 Diffa 4 Dossa 5 Maradi 6 Tahoua 7 Tillaberi 8 Zinder GEO_NE1992 (V101_NE1992) indicates the region of Niger where the respondent was interviewed. DHS units in the 1992 Niger survey are equivalent to grouped regions. Other sample years have their own sample-specific geography variables. There is also an integrated variable, GEO_NE1992_2012, that provides spatially consistent units over time. A GIS map for GEO_NE1992 (in shapefile format) can be downloaded from the DHS Program Spatial Data Repository [URL omitted from DDI.] Boundaries page. IPUMS Age Age Age Age Age 106) How old were you at your last birthday? COMPARE AND CORRECT IF 105 AND 106 ARE INCOMPATIBLE. AGE IN COMPLETED YEARS: ___ 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 AGE (V012) reports the woman's age. DHS surveys collect information about the woman's age through questions about age at last birthday and date of birth. DHS Recode Manuals provide the following information about how the AGE variable is calculated: Current age in completed years is calculated from the century month code of the date of birth of the respondent (V011) and the century month code of the date of interview (V008). In a few cases the age in the data file will be different from that reported by the respondent when the respondent's birthday was in the month of interview, but she had not yet had her birthday. If the respondent correctly reported her age at her last birthday (and not her age at her next birthday) then the calculated age was rounded up from the reported age, to avoid inconsistencies between the age and the century month code for the birth. IPUMS Age in 5 year groups Age in 5 year groups Age in 5 year groups Age in 5 year groups Age in 5 year groups 106) How old were you at your last birthday? COMPARE AND CORRECT IF 105 AND 106 ARE INCOMPATIBLE. AGE IN COMPLETED YEARS: ___ 10 10 to 14 11 10 to 14 12 12 to 14 13 13 to 14 20 15-19 30 20-24 40 25-29 50 30-34 60 35-39 70 40-44 80 45-49 90 50+ 91 50-54 92 55-59 93 60-64 AGE5YEAR (V013) reports the woman's age in 5-year groups, based on data from the AGE (V012) variable. The age range of women interviewed varies across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Woman's month of birth Woman's month of birth Woman's month of birth Woman's month of birth Woman's month of birth 105) In what month and year were you born? MONTH: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 YEAR: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December BIRTHMO (V009) reports the woman's month of birth. IPUMS Woman's year of birth Woman's year of birth Woman's year of birth Woman's year of birth Woman's year of birth 105) In what month and year were you born? MONTH: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 YEAR: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 1995 1995 1994 1994 1993 1993 1992 1992 1991 1991 1990 1990 1989 1989 1988 1988 1987 1987 1986 1986 1985 1985 1984 1984 1983 1983 1982 1982 1981 1981 1980 1980 1979 1979 1978 1978 1977 1977 1976 1976 1975 1975 1974 1974 1973 1973 1972 1972 1971 1971 1970 1970 1969 1969 1968 1968 1967 1967 1966 1966 1965 1965 1964 1964 1963 1963 1962 1962 1961 1961 1960 1960 1959 1959 1958 1958 1957 1957 1956 1956 1955 1955 1954 1954 1953 1953 1952 1952 1951 1951 1950 1950 1949 1949 1948 1948 1947 1947 1946 1946 1945 1945 1944 1944 1943 1943 1942 1942 1941 1941 1940 1940 1939 1939 1938 1938 1937 1937 1936 1936 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 BIRTHYEAR (V010) reports the woman's year of birth. IPUMS Respondent's date of birth, in century months Respondent's date of birth, in century months Respondent's date of birth, in century months Respondent's date of birth, in century months Respondent's date of birth, in century months 105) In what month and year were you born? MONTH: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 YEAR: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 DOBCMC (V011) reports the century month code (CMC) for the woman's date of birth. Century month codes (CMC) are particularly useful for checking the consistency of dates, calculating intervals between events, and imputing dates when the information for an event is missing or partially complete. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. The year 1900 was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS-relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 is: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed between January 1900 and June 2002. Starting with CMC figures, one can calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC - 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC - ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) The information above is based on "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006) [URL omitted from DDI.]. DOBCMC (V011) is a 4-digit variable. IPUMS Information given on respondent's date of birth Information given on respondent's date of birth Information given on respondent's date of birth Information given on respondent's date of birth Information given on respondent's date of birth 105) In what month and year were you born? MONTH: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 YEAR: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 1 Month and year 2 Month and age, year imputed 3 Year and age, month imputed 4 Year and age, year ignored 5 Year only, age and month imputed 6 Age only, year and month imputed 7 Month only, age and year imputed 8 Season and year 9 None reported, all imputed DOBINFORESP (V014) reports the completeness of information about the respondent's age and date of birth. A code of 0 indicates the month and the year were reported, and no data were imputed. IPUMS Usual resident or visitor Usual resident or visitor Usual resident or visitor Usual resident or visitor Usual resident or visitor 4) RESIDENCE: Does (NAME) normally live here? YES 1 NO 2 1 Usual resident 2 Visitor 8 Missing RESIDENT (V135) indicates whether the woman was a usual resident of the household or was just visiting there. As defined by the RESIDENT variable, a visitor could potentially reside in the city, town, or village where the interview took place but would have answered "No" to the question, "Does (NAME) usually live here [in this dwelling unit]?" on the household questionnaire. IPUMS Respondent's relationship to HH head Respondent's relationship to HH head Respondent's relationship to HH head Respondent's relationship to HH head Respondent's relationship to HH head 3) RELATIONSHIP TO HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD: What is the familial relation between (NAME) and the head of household? HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD 01 WIFE OR HUSBAND 02 SON OR DAUGHTER 03 SON OR DAUGHTER-IN-LAW 04 GRANDSON OR GRANDDAUGHTER 05 FATHER OR MOTHER 06 PARENT-IN-LAW 07 BROTHER OR SISTER 08 CO-SPOUSE 09 OTHER RELATIVE 10 ADOPTED/FOSTER/STEP CHILD 11 NO FAMILY RELATIONSHIP 12 DON'T KNOW 98 01 Head 02 Wife 03 Daughter or son 04 Daughter- or son-in-law 05 Grandchild 06 Mother or father 07 Parent-in-law 08 Sister or brother 09 Co-spouse 10 Adopted/foster/step child 11 Adopted/foster child 12 Stepchild 20 Other relative 21 Niece or nephew by blood 22 Niece or nephew by marriage 23 Niece or nephew unspecified 24 Sibling-in-law 25 Aunt or uncle 26 Grandparent 30 Nonrelative 31 Domestic servant/employee 32 Herdboy 97 Don't know 98 Missing RELATE (V150) reports the woman's relationship to the head of the household, based on a question in the household questionnaire. IPUMS Currently pregnant Currently pregnant Currently pregnant Currently pregnant Currently pregnant 223) Are you pregnant now? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 226) UNSURE 8 (GO TO 226) No/unsure 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) PREGNANT (V213) indicates whether the respondent is currently pregnant. IPUMS Duration of current pregnancy Duration of current pregnancy Duration of current pregnancy Duration of current pregnancy Duration of current pregnancy 224) How many months pregnant are you? MONTHS: ___ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For currently pregnant women, DURCURPREG (V214) reports the imputed duration of the woman's current pregnancy. IPUMS Religion Religion Religion Religion Religion 115) What is your religion? MUSLIM 1 CHRISTIAN 2 ANIMIST 3 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 4 0000 NO RELIGION 1000 MUSLIM 2000 CHRISTIAN 2100 Catholic 2200 Orthodox 2300 Protestant 2310 Lutheran 2320 Anglican 2330 Presbyterian 2340 Baptist/Seventh-day Adventist 2341 Baptist 2342 Seventh-day Adventist 2350 Apostolic 2360 Salvation Army 2370 Methodist 2380 Pentacostal-based 2381 Pentacostal 2382 Celestial Church of Christ 2383 Universal 2384 Assemblies of God 2390 Other Protestant 2391 Evangelical 2392 Lesotho Evangelical Church 2393 Kimbanguist (Congo, Democratic Republic) 2400 Nontrinitarian 2410 Jehovah's Witness 2900 Other Christian, country-specific 2901 African Zionist (Mozambique) 2902 Mammon (Uganda) 3000 BUDDHIST/NEO-BUDDHIST 3100 Buddhist 4000 HINDU 5000 JEWISH 6000 TRADITIONAL/SPIRITUAL/ANIMIST 6100 Traditional 6200 Spiritual 6300 Animist 6400 Specified Traditional 6401 Donyi-Polo 6402 Sanamahi 6403 Vodun 7000 OTHER (SPECIFIED) 7100 Baha'i 7200 Sikh 7300 Zoroastrian 7400 Jain 7900 Country-specific other 7901 Sect (Burundi) 7902 Bundu dia Kongo (Congo, Democratic Republic) 7903 Vuvamu (Congo, Democratic Republic) 7904 Kirat Mundhum (Nepal) 9000 OTHER 9001 Religion 1 9002 Religion 2 9003 Religion 3 9004 Religion 4 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) RELIGION (V130) reports the respondent's religion. While the categories and codes for the religion variable in the original DHS files are country-specific, IPUMS-DHS uses a 4-digit composite coding system to fit these diverse categories into a single variable without losing information.  See Comparability. IPUMS Ethnicity, Niger Ethnicity, Niger Ethnicity, Niger Ethnicity, Niger Ethnicity, Niger 117) What is your ethnicity? ARABE 01 DJERMA 02 GOURMANTH 03 HAUSSA 04 KAMOURI 05 MOSSI 06 PEULH 07 TOUAREG BELLA 08 TOUBOU 09 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 10 01 Arab 02 Djerma 03 Gourmanthe 04 Haoussa 05 Kanouri 06 Peulh 07 Toureg 08 Toubou 10 Other 11 Mossi 12 Other non-Niger 98 Missing ETHNICITYNE (V131NE) is a variable specific to Niger that reports responses to a question about the woman's ethnicity. The groups identified vary across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Woman's current marital or union status Woman's current marital or union status Woman's current marital or union status Woman's current marital or union status Woman's current marital or union status 501) Are you now married or in a union with a man? YES 1(GO TO 504) NO 2 10 Never married 20 Married or living together 21 Married 22 Living together 30 Formerly in union 31 Widowed 32 Divorced 33 Separated/not living together 98 Missing 11 Unconsummated marriage 34 Deserted MARSTAT (V501) reports the woman's current marital status. Response categories and question wording vary across surveys. See Comparability. IPUMS Woman never, currently, or formerly married Woman never, currently, or formerly married Woman never, currently, or formerly married Woman never, currently, or formerly married Woman never, currently, or formerly married 501) Are you now married or in a union with a man? YES 1(GO TO 504) NO 2 Never married 1 Currently married 2 Formerly married 8 Missing CURRMARR (V502) reports the woman's marital/union status as "Never married," "Currently married," or "Formerly married." "Never married" includes women who have never lived with a partner. "Currently married" includes women who are married and those who are not formally married but are living with a partner. "Formerly married" includes women who are widowed, divorced, or separated, or who have formerly lived with a partner. For samples restricted to ever-married women, only women who are formally married (not cohabiting) are included as "married." IPUMS Woman had one or more than one union Woman had one or more than one union Woman had one or more than one union Woman had one or more than one union Woman had one or more than one union 508) Have you been married or lived with a man only once, or more than one? ONCE 1 MORE THAN ONCE 2 One 1 More than one 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had ever been married or lived with a man, UNION1MORE (V503) indicates whether the respondent had been in one or more than one marriage/union. IPUMS Age at first marriage or cohabitation Age at first marriage or cohabitation Age at first marriage or cohabitation Age at first marriage or cohabitation Age at first marriage or cohabitation 510) How old were you when you started living with him? AGE: ___ DON'T KNOW AGE 98 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 96 Marriage not consummated 97 Inconsistent 98 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) AGEFRSTMAR (V511) reports the woman's age at the start of her first marriage or union. This usually refers to when the woman first started to live with her first husband or partner. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, "Age at start of first marriage or union is calculated from the century month code of the date of start of first marriage or union and the century month code of the date of birth of the respondent." IPUMS Marital or cohabitation duration (grouped) Marital or cohabitation duration (grouped) Marital or cohabitation duration (grouped) Marital or cohabitation duration (grouped) Marital or cohabitation duration (grouped) 509) In what month and year did you start living with him? MONTH: ___ DON'T KNOW MONTHS 98 YEAR: ___ DON'T KNOW YEARS 98 00 Never married 01 0 to 4 02 5 to 9 03 10 to 14 04 15 to 19 05 20 to 24 06 25 to 29 07 30+ 96 Marriage not consummated 98 Missing DURMARGRP (V513) reports the number of years elapsed since the woman's first marriage or cohabiting union until the date of the survey interview, in five-year groups. The duration is reported irrespective of whether the respondent is still married or in a union with her first partner. IPUMS Month of first marriage or cohabitation Month of first marriage or cohabitation Month of first marriage or cohabitation Month of first marriage or cohabitation Month of first marriage or cohabitation 509) In what month and year did you start living with him? MONTH: ___ DON'T KNOW MONTHS 98 YEAR: ___ DON'T KNOW YEARS 98 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Marriage not consummated 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who had ever been married or lived with a man, MAR1STMO (V507) reports the month of their first marriage or (for most samples) unmarried cohabitation. The year of the woman's first marriage/union is reported in MAR1STYR (V508). IPUMS Year of first marriage or cohabitation Year of first marriage or cohabitation Year of first marriage or cohabitation Year of first marriage or cohabitation Year of first marriage or cohabitation 509) In what month and year did you start living with him? MONTH: ___ DON'T KNOW MONTHS 98 YEAR: ___ DON'T KNOW YEARS 98 1943 1943 1944 1944 1945 1945 1946 1946 1947 1947 1948 1948 1949 1949 1950 1950 1951 1951 1952 1952 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 9996 Marriage not consummated 9997 Inconsistent 9998 Don't know 9999 NIU (not in universe) For women who had ever been married or lived with a man, MAR1STYR (V508) reports the year of their first marriage or (for most samples) unmarried cohabitation. The month of the woman's first marriage/union is reported in MAR1STMO (V507). IPUMS Years since starting date of 1st marriage or union Years since starting date of 1st marriage or union Years since starting date of 1st marriage or union Years since starting date of 1st marriage or union Years since starting date of 1st marriage or union 509) In what month and year did you start living with him? MONTH: ___ DON'T KNOW MONTHS 98 YEAR: ___ DON'T KNOW YEARS 98 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 98 Marriage not consummated 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who had ever been married or lived with a man, YRSTO1STMAR (V512) reports the number of years from the start of the woman's first marriage/union to the date of the survey interview. The calculation is made using century month codes for both dates. For the month and year of first marriage/union, see MAR1STMO (V507) and MAR1STYR (V508) respectively. IPUMS Date of first marriage or cohabitation (CMC) Date of first marriage or cohabitation (CMC) Date of first marriage or cohabitation (CMC) Date of first marriage or cohabitation (CMC) Date of first marriage or cohabitation (CMC) 509) In what month and year did you start living with him? MONTH: ___ DON'T KNOW MONTHS 98 YEAR: ___ DON'T KNOW YEARS 98 9996 Not consummated 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) MAR1STCMC (V509) reports the century month code (CMC) for the date of the woman's first marriage or cohabitation. Century month codes (CMC) are particularly useful checking the consistency of dates, calculating intervals between events, and imputing dates when the information for an event is missing or partially complete. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. The year 1900 was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS-relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 is: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed between January 1900 and June 2002. Starting with CMC figures, one can calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC - 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC - ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) The information above is based on "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006) [URL omitted from DDI.]. IPUMS Completeness of information, date of first marriage/union Completeness of information, date of first marriage/union Completeness of information, date of first marriage/union Completeness of information, date of first marriage/union Completeness of information, date of first marriage/union 509) In what month and year did you start living with him? MONTH: ___ DON'T KNOW MONTHS 98 YEAR: ___ DON'T KNOW YEARS 98 01 Month and year reported 02 Month and age reported, year imputed 03 Year and age reported, month imputed 05 Year reported, age and month imputed 06 Age reported, year and month imputed 08 Month reported, age and year imputed 09 Year and age reported, year ignored 10 Season and year reported 11 All values imputed 99 NIU (not in universe) 12 All reported, inconsistent MAR1STDATINFO (V510) reports the completeness of information for the date of the woman's first marriage or cohabitation. See Comparability. IPUMS Months between respondent's 1st marriage and 1st birth Months between respondent's 1st marriage and 1st birth Months between respondent's 1st marriage and 1st birth Months between respondent's 1st marriage and 1st birth Months between respondent's 1st marriage and 1st birth 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 998 First birth prior to first marriage 999 NIU (not in universe) MARTO1STBORNMO (V221) reports the number of months between the woman's first marriage (i.e., formal marriage or first episode of living with a man) and her first birth. For women whose first birth occurred before their first marriage, this variable is coded as '998.' IPUMS Number of other wives Number of other wives Number of other wives Number of other wives Number of other wives 506) How many other wives does he have? NUMBER: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 (GO TO 508) 00 No other wives 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 96 Has other wives, dk number 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who were currently married or living with a man, WIFENUM (V505) reports the number of other wives (or co-resident partners) their husband/partner had. Question wording varied across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Wife rank number Wife rank number Wife rank number Wife rank number Wife rank number 507) Are you the first, second, third'?spouse? RANK: ___ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women married to or living with a man who had more than one wife/partner, WIFERANK (V506) reports the woman's rank among her husband's/partner's wives/partners. IPUMS Husband/partner lives in woman's household Husband/partner lives in woman's household Husband/partner lives in woman's household Husband/partner lives in woman's household Husband/partner lives in woman's household 504) Does your husband/partner live with you, or is he staying elsewhere? LIVING WITH HER 1 STAYING ELSEWHERE 2 Living with woman 1 Staying elsewhere 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were currently married or living with a man, HUSBINHOME (V504) indicates whether the husband/partner lived with the woman or stayed elsewhere. IPUMS Total children ever born Total children ever born Total children ever born Total children ever born Total children ever born 209) CHECK 208: I want to make sure I understand: You have had (TOTAL) ___ births in your life. Is that correct? YES: ___ (GO TO 210) NO: ___ (PROBE AND CORRECT 201-208 AS NECESSARY) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 98 Missing 99 NIU (Not in universe) CHEB (V201) reports the total number of children ever born to the respondent. The number reported in CHEB is the sum of a series of variables covering the total number of sons and daughters who are living at home, living away from home, or who have died (V202 to V207). The number of births reported in CHEB will match the number of entries in the birth history (V224) for up to 20 births. If the woman reported more than 20 births, then the number for CHEB will exceed the number of births in the birth history, but such cases are rare. IPUMS Number of entries in the birth history Number of entries in the birth history Number of entries in the birth history Number of entries in the birth history Number of entries in the birth history 211) Now I would like to talk to you about your children, whether they are still alive or not, beginning with the first birth that you had. (IN 212 WRITE THE NAME OF EACH CHILD, WRITING THE NAMES OF TWINS OR TRIPLETS ON SEPARATE LINES) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 99 NIU (not in universe) TOTBIRTHIST (V224) reports the number of entries in the woman respondent's birth history. For up to 20 births, the birth history contains information for each of the respondent's births. In those rare cases when the respondent had more than 20 births, the birth history lists the last 19 births and the first birth. In cases where the women had fewer than 20 births, the number reported in TOTBIRTHIST will match the number reported in CHEB (V201), the total number of children ever born to the respondent. IPUMS Number of own sons living at home Number of own sons living at home Number of own sons living at home Number of own sons living at home Number of own sons living at home 203) How many sons live with you? And how many daughters? IF NONE, ENTER '00'. SONS AT HOME: ___ DAUGHTERS AT HOME: ___ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 99 NIU (not in universe) SONSATHOME (V202) reports the number of sons to whom the woman has given birth who are currently living with her. The related variable SONSAWAYHOME (V204) reports the number of sons to whom the woman has given birth and are still alive, but who are not currently living with her. IPUMS Number of own daughters living at home Number of own daughters living at home Number of own daughters living at home Number of own daughters living at home Number of own daughters living at home 204) Have you given birth to sons or daughters who are still living but do not currently live with you? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 206) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 99 NIU (not in universe) DAUSATHOME (V203) reports the number of daughters to whom the woman has given birth who are currently living with her. The related variable DAUSAWAYHOME (V205) reports the number of daughters to whom the woman has given birth and are still alive, but who are not currently living with her. IPUMS Number of own sons living away from home Number of own sons living away from home Number of own sons living away from home Number of own sons living away from home Number of own sons living away from home 205) How many sons are alive but not living with you? And how many daughters? IF NONE, ENTER '00'. SONS ELSEWHERE: ___ DAUGHTERS ELSEWHERE: ___ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 99 NIU (not in universe) SONSAWAYHOME (V204) reports the number of sons to whom the woman has given birth who are still alive, but who are not currently living with her. The related variable SONSATHOME (V202) reports the number of sons to whom the woman has given birth who are still alive, and who are currently living with her. IPUMS Number of own daughters living away from home Number of own daughters living away from home Number of own daughters living away from home Number of own daughters living away from home Number of own daughters living away from home 205) How many sons are alive but not living with you? And how many daughters? IF NONE, ENTER '00'. SONS ELSEWHERE: ___ DAUGHTERS ELSEWHERE: ___ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 99 NIU (not in universe) DAUSAWAYHOME (V205) reports the number of daughters to whom the woman has given birth who are still alive, but who are not currently living with her. The related variable DAUSATHOME (V203) reports the number of daughters to whom the woman has given birth who are still alive, and who are currently living with her. IPUMS Number of own sons who have died Number of own sons who have died Number of own sons who have died Number of own sons who have died Number of own sons who have died 207) In all, how many of your sons have died? And how many of your daughters? IF NONE, ENTER '00'. SONS DECEASED: ___ DAUGHTERS DECEASED: ___ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 99 NIU (not in universe) SONSDIED (V206) reports the number of sons to whom the woman has given birth who have died. IPUMS Number of own daughters who have died Number of own daughters who have died Number of own daughters who have died Number of own daughters who have died Number of own daughters who have died 207) In all, how many of your sons have died? And how many of your daughters? IF NONE, ENTER '00'. SONS DECEASED: ___ DAUGHTERS DECEASED: ___ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) DAUSDIED (V207) reports the number of daughters to whom the woman has given birth who have died. IPUMS Number of births in last 5 years Number of births in last 5 years Number of births in last 5 years Number of births in last 5 years Number of births in last 5 years 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 8 7 7 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 BIRTHSIN5YRS (V208) reports the number of births the woman had in the five years prior to the survey. This statistic is calculated based on the total number of births in the 0 to 59 months prior to the month of the interview. IPUMS Number of births in the past year Number of births in the past year Number of births in the past year Number of births in the past year Number of births in the past year 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 9 NIU (not in universe) 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 BIRTHSIN1YR (V209) reports the number of births the woman had in the year prior to the survey. This statistic is calculated based on the total number of births in the months 0 to 12 (not 0 to 11) prior to the month of the interview. For example, if the survey were given in January, BIRTHSIN1YR would report the number of births the woman had between the time of the survey and the previous January. IPUMS Total number of births in month of interview Total number of births in month of interview Total number of births in month of interview Total number of births in month of interview Total number of births in month of interview 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 1 1 2 2 3 3 9 NIU (not in universe) BIRTHSIN1MO (V210) reports the total number of births the woman had in the month of interview. IPUMS Date of respondent's first birth, in century months Date of respondent's first birth, in century months Date of respondent's first birth, in century months Date of respondent's first birth, in century months Date of respondent's first birth, in century months 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) DOB1STKIDCMC (V211) reports the century month code (CMC) for the date of the woman's first birth. The Guide to DHS Statistics (2003) explains the use and calculation of CMC values as follows: Century month codes (CMC) are particularly important to check consistency of dates, to calculate intervals between events, and to impute dates when the information for an event is missing or partially complete. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. That year was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 will be: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed since January 1900 to June 2002. Based on CMC it is possible to calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC - 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC - ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) IPUMS Time since woman's last menstrual period Time since woman's last menstrual period Time since woman's last menstrual period Time since woman's last menstrual period Time since woman's last menstrual period 226) When did your last period start? DAYS: ___ 1 WEEKS: ___ 2 MONTHS: ___ 3 YEARS: ___ 4 IN MENOPAUSE 994 BEFORE LAST BIRTH 995 NEVER MENSTRUATED 996 100 Day of Interview 101 Days: 1 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 131 31 days 132 32 days 133 33 days 134 34 days 135 35 days 136 36 days 137 37 days 138 38 days 139 39 days 140 40 days 141 41 days 142 42 days 143 43 days 144 44 days 145 45 days 146 46 days 147 47 days 148 48 days 149 49 days 150 50 days 151 51 days 152 52 days 153 53 days 154 54 days 155 55 days 156 56 days 157 57 days 158 58 days 159 59 days 160 60 days 161 61 days 162 62 days 163 63 days 164 64 days 165 65 days 166 66 days 167 67 days 168 68 days 169 69 days 170 70 days 171 71 days 172 72 days 173 73 days 174 74 days 175 75 days 176 76 days 177 77 days 178 78 days 179 79 days 180 80 days 181 81 days 182 82 days 183 83 days 184 84 days 185 85 days 186 86 days 187 87 days 188 88 days 189 89 days 190 90 days 191 91 days 192 92 days 193 93 days 194 94 days 195 95 days 196 96 days 197 97 days 198 98 days 199 Days: Number missing 200 Weeks 201 201 Weeks: 1 202 2 weeks 203 3 weeks 204 4 weeks 205 5 weeks 206 6 weeks 207 7 weeks 208 8 weeks 209 9 weeks 210 10 weeks 211 11 weeks 212 12 weeks 213 13 weeks 214 14 weeks 215 15 weeks 216 16 weeks 217 17 weeks 218 18 weeks 219 19 weeks 220 20 weeks 221 21 weeks 222 22 weeks 223 23 weeks 224 24 weeks 225 25 weeks 226 26 weeks 227 27 weeks 228 28 weeks 229 29 weeks 230 30 weeks 231 31 weeks 232 32 weeks 233 33 weeks 234 34 weeks 235 35 weeks 236 36 weeks 237 37 weeks 238 38 weeks 239 39 weeks 240 40 weeks 241 41 weeks 242 42 weeks 243 43 weeks 244 44 weeks 245 45 weeks 246 46 weeks 247 47 weeks 248 48 weeks 249 49 weeks 250 50 weeks 251 51 weeks 252 52 weeks 253 53 weeks 254 54 weeks 255 55 weeks 256 56 weeks 257 57 weeks 258 58 weeks 259 59 weeks 260 60 weeks 261 61 weeks 262 62 weeks 263 63 weeks 264 64 weeks 265 65 weeks 266 66 weeks 267 67 weeks 268 68 weeks 269 69 weeks 270 70 weeks 271 71 weeks 272 72 weeks 273 73 weeks 274 74 weeks 275 75 weeks 276 76 weeks 277 77 weeks 278 78 weeks 279 79 weeks 280 80 weeks 281 81 weeks 282 82 weeks 283 83 weeks 284 84 weeks 285 85 weeks 286 86 weeks 287 87 weeks 288 88 weeks 289 89 weeks 290 90 weeks 291 91 weeks 292 92 weeks 293 93 weeks 294 94 weeks 295 95 weeks 296 96 weeks 297 97 weeks 298 98 weeks 299 Weeks: Number missing 300 Months 301 301 Months: 1 302 2 months 303 3 months 304 4 months 305 5 months 306 6 months 307 7 months 308 8 months 309 9 months 310 10 months 311 11 months 312 12 months 313 13 months 314 14 months 315 15 months 316 16 months 317 17 months 318 18 months 319 19 months 320 20 months 321 21 months 322 22 months 323 23 months 324 24 months 325 25 months 326 26 months 327 27 months 328 28 months 329 29 months 330 30 months 331 31 months 332 32 months 333 33 months 334 34 months 335 35 months 336 36 months 337 37 months 338 38 months 339 39 months 340 40 months 341 41 months 342 42 months 343 43 months 344 44 months 345 45 months 346 46 months 347 47 months 348 48 months 349 49 months 350 50 months 351 51 months 352 52 months 353 53 months 354 54 months 355 55 months 356 56 months 357 57 months 358 58 months 359 59 months 360 60 months 361 61 months 362 62 months 363 63 months 364 64 months 365 65 months 366 66 months 367 67 months 368 68 months 369 69 months 370 70 months 371 71 months 372 72 months 373 73 months 374 74 months 375 75 months 376 76 months 377 77 months 378 78 months 379 79 months 380 80 months 381 81 months 382 82 months 383 83 months 384 84 months 385 85 months 386 86 months 387 87 months 388 88 months 389 89 months 390 90 months 391 91 months 392 92 months 393 93 months 394 94 months 395 95 months 396 96 months 397 97 months 398 98 months 399 Months: Number missing 400 Years 401 Years: 1 402 2 years 403 3 years 404 4 years 405 5 years 406 6 years 407 7 years 408 8 years 409 9 years 410 10 years 411 11 years 412 12 years 413 13 years 414 14 years 415 15 years 416 16 years 417 17 years 418 18 years 419 19 years 420 20 years 421 21 years 422 22 years 423 23 years 424 24 years 425 25 years 426 26 years 427 27 years 428 28 years 429 29 years 430 30 years 431 31 years 432 32 years 433 33 years 434 34 years 435 35 years 436 36 years 437 37 years 438 38 years 439 39 years 440 40 years 441 41 years 442 42 years 443 43 years 444 44 years 445 45 years 446 46 years 447 47 years 448 48 years 449 49+ years 499 Years: number missing 992 Currently pregnant 993 In menopause/had hysterectomy 994 Before last birth 995 Never menstruated 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) TIMEMENSTRUATE (V215) reports the time passed since the woman's last menstrual period, in days, weeks, months, or years. IPUMS Woman menstruated last 6 weeks Woman menstruated last 6 weeks Woman menstruated last 6 weeks Woman menstruated last 6 weeks Woman menstruated last 6 weeks 226) When did your last period start? DAYS: ___ 1 WEEKS: ___ 2 MONTHS: ___ 3 YEARS: ___ 4 IN MENOPAUSE 994 BEFORE LAST BIRTH 995 NEVER MENSTRUATED 996 No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) MENSTRUATE6WK (V216) indicates whether the woman menstruated in the 6 weeks prior to the interview, as calculated from TIMEMENSTRUATE (V215). IPUMS When in cycle thinks pregnancy is most likely When in cycle thinks pregnancy is most likely When in cycle thinks pregnancy is most likely When in cycle thinks pregnancy is most likely When in cycle thinks pregnancy is most likely 228) During which times of the month does a woman have the greatest chance of becoming pregnant? DURING HER PERIOD 1 RIGHT AFTER HER PERIOD HAS ENDED 2 IN THE MIDDLE OF THE CYCLE 3 JUST BEFORE HER PERIOD BEGINS 4 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 5 DON'T KNOW 8 1 During her period 2 After period ended 3 Middle of the cycle 4 Before period begins 5 At any time 6 Other/It depends 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) OVCYCLE (V217) suggests the woman's knowledge of the ovulatory cycle by reporting when she believes a woman has the greatest chance of becoming pregnant. IPUMS Total number of living children born to respondent Total number of living children born to respondent Total number of living children born to respondent Total number of living children born to respondent Total number of living children born to respondent 203) How many sons live with you? And how many daughters? IF NONE, ENTER '00'. SONS AT HOME: ___ DAUGHTERS AT HOME: ___ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 99 NIU (not in universe) CHEBALIVE (V218) reports the total number of children ever born to the respondent who are currently living. The number reported in CHEBALIVE (V218) is the sum of a series of variables reporting the total number of sons and daughters who are living at home and who are living away from home (V202 to V205 - SONSATHOME, DAUSATHOME, SONSAWAYHOME, and DAUSAWAYHOME). The related variable CHEB (V201) reports the total number of children ever born to the respondent, regardless of survival status. IPUMS Total number of living children including current pregnancy Total number of living children including current pregnancy Total number of living children including current pregnancy Total number of living children including current pregnancy Total number of living children including current pregnancy 203) How many sons live with you? And how many daughters? IF NONE, ENTER '00'. SONS AT HOME: ___ DAUGHTERS AT HOME: ___ 99 NIU (not in universe) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 19 19 18 18 CHSURVPLUSPG (V219) reports the woman's total number of living children, including her current pregnancy. CHSURVPLUSPG takes the value of CHEBALIVE (V218) and adds 1 if the respondent is pregnant. IPUMS Total number of living children, truncated at 6+ Total number of living children, truncated at 6+ Total number of living children, truncated at 6+ Total number of living children, truncated at 6+ Total number of living children, truncated at 6+ 203) How many sons live with you? And how many daughters? IF NONE, ENTER '00'. SONS AT HOME: ___ DAUGHTERS AT HOME: ___ 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6+ 9 NIU (not in universe) CHEBALIVETRUNC (V220) reports the woman's total number of living children (including current pregnancy), truncated at 6 or more children. This variable is a grouping of CHSURVPLUSPG (V219) truncated at 6+ children. IPUMS Interval between last birth and interview, in months Interval between last birth and interview, in months Interval between last birth and interview, in months Interval between last birth and interview, in months Interval between last birth and interview, in months 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 999 NIU (not in universe) For women who have ever given birth, LASTBIRTHTOINTMO (V222) reports the number of months between their last birth and the date of interview. IPUMS Completeness of information on date of conception, current pregnancy Completeness of information on date of conception, current pregnancy Completeness of information on date of conception, current pregnancy Completeness of information on date of conception, current pregnancy Completeness of information on date of conception, current pregnancy 224) How many months pregnant are you? MONTHS: ___ 1 Month- exact date 2 Date missing, imputed 9 NIU (not in universe) For pregnant women, CONCEPTDATEFLAG (V223) indicates the completeness of information relating to the date of conception of their current pregnancy. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, "This variable indicates whether the date of conception was exactly specified by the duration of the current pregnancy or the duration was imputed from other information." The related variable DURCURPREG reports the duration of the current pregnancy. IPUMS Flag for reported time since last menstrual period Flag for reported time since last menstrual period Flag for reported time since last menstrual period Flag for reported time since last menstrual period Flag for reported time since last menstrual period 00 No flag 01 Number GT interval since birth 02 Number plus amenorrhea GT interval 03 Number reported, but period not returned 04 Reported before last birth, but no birth 05 Reported before last birth, but period since 06 Reported never menstruated, but period returned 07 Reported time during pregnancy 08 Reported never menstruated but had kids 09 Reported period before last birth 99 NIU (not in universe) MENSTIMFLAG (V227) is a flag variable that indicates the type of problem, if any, found in editing responses on the time since the respondent's last menstrual period. Cases without a problem are coded 0. For time since last menstrual period, see TIMEMENSTRUATE (V215). IPUMS Computed time since last menstrual period Computed time since last menstrual period Computed time since last menstrual period Computed time since last menstrual period Computed time since last menstrual period 226) When did your last period start? DAYS: ___ 1 WEEKS: ___ 2 MONTHS: ___ 3 YEARS: ___ 4 IN MENOPAUSE 994 BEFORE LAST BIRTH 995 NEVER MENSTRUATED 996 000 No time difference 991 In menopause/had hysterectomy 992 Pregnant, not asked 993 In menopause 994 Before last birth 995 Never menstruated 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) TIMEMENSCALC (V226) reports the computed time since the respondent's last menstrual period. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, this variable is computed from the response for V215, with durations exceeding the interval since the last birth (V227 = 7,9) recoded to the response "Before last birth" (code 995) and inconsistent responses flagged on variable 227 (codes 1-6) recoded to 997. Restated in terms of IPUMS-DHS variables and variable labels, TIMEMENSCALC is computed from the response for TIMEMENSTRUATE (Time since woman's last menstrual period). Cases with durations exceeding the interval since the last birth, when MENSTIMFLAG (Flag for reported time since last menstrual period) has values for "Reported time during pregnancy" or "Reported period before last birth," are recoded as "Before last birth" in TIMEMENSCALC. Cases with inconsistent or implausible responses according to MENSTIMFLAG (for example, the woman reportedly never menstruated but she has given birth) are recoded to "Inconsistent" for TIMEMENSCALC. IPUMS Age of respondent at time of first birth Age of respondent at time of first birth Age of respondent at time of first birth Age of respondent at time of first birth Age of respondent at time of first birth 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 99 NIU (not in universe) 02 2 05 5 03 3 04 4 AGEAT1STBIRTH (V212) reports the age of the woman at the time of her first birth. This variable is calculated by using the century month code (CMC) of the date of the woman's first birth (DOB1STKIDCMC) and the CMC of the woman's date of birth (DOBCMC). IPUMS Total number of household members Total number of household members Total number of household members Total number of household members Total number of household members 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 HHMEMTOTAL (V136) reports the total number of members of the woman's household. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, HHMEMTOTAL is calculated by summing "the number of usual residents and the number of visitors who slept in the house the previous night that were listed in the household schedule." "Usual residents" of the household are identified by the RESIDENT variable. IPUMS Number of children under 5 in household Number of children under 5 in household Number of children under 5 in household Number of children under 5 in household Number of children under 5 in household 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 HHKIDLT5 (V137) reports the number of children age 5 and under who reside in the household. Visiting children are not included in the count. IPUMS Number of eligible women in household Number of eligible women in household Number of eligible women in household Number of eligible women in household Number of eligible women in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 36 36 36 99 No women age 15-49 HHELIGWOMEN (V138) reports the number of eligible women in the household, usually defined as women of childbearing age who slept in the household the previous night (regardless of whether they were usual residents or visitors). The age and marital status guidelines for defining eligible women varies across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Age of household head Age of household head Age of household head Age of household head Age of household head 98 Missing 97 97+ 96 96 95 95 94 94 93 93 92 92 91 91 90 90 89 89 88 88 87 87 86 86 85 85 84 84 83 83 82 82 81 81 80 80 79 79 78 78 77 77 76 76 75 75 74 74 73 73 72 72 71 71 70 70 69 69 68 68 67 67 66 66 65 65 64 64 63 63 62 62 61 61 60 60 59 59 58 58 57 57 56 56 55 55 54 54 53 53 52 52 51 51 50 50 49 49 48 48 47 47 46 46 45 45 44 44 43 43 42 42 41 41 40 40 39 39 38 38 37 37 36 36 35 35 34 34 33 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 HHEADAGE (V152) reports the age of the head of the household. IPUMS Age of household head (from HH record) Age of household head (from HH record) Age of household head (from HH record) Age of household head (from HH record) Age of household head (from HH record) 7) AGE: How old is (NAME)? NOTE '97' FOR 97 AND OLDER. AGE: ___ 98 Missing 96 Non-resident 95 95+ 94 94 93 93 92 92 91 91 90 90 89 89 88 88 87 87 86 86 85 85 84 84 83 83 82 82 81 81 80 80 79 79 78 78 77 77 76 76 75 75 74 74 73 73 72 72 71 71 70 70 69 69 68 68 67 67 66 66 65 65 64 64 63 63 62 62 61 61 60 60 59 59 58 58 57 57 56 56 55 55 54 54 53 53 52 52 51 51 50 50 49 49 48 48 47 47 46 46 45 45 44 44 43 43 42 42 41 41 40 40 39 39 38 38 37 37 36 36 35 35 34 34 33 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 99 NIU (not in universe) 01 1 97 Don't know HHEADAGEHH (HV220) reports the age of the head of the household. The information in HHEADAGEHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Sex of household head Sex of household head Sex of household head Sex of household head Sex of household head 8 Missing 2 Female 1 Male HHEADSEX (V151) reports the sex of the head of the household. IPUMS Sex of household head (from hh record) Sex of household head (from hh record) Sex of household head (from hh record) Sex of household head (from hh record) Sex of household head (from hh record) 6) SEX: Is (NAME) male or female? MALE 1 FEMALE 2 1 Male 2 Female 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HHEADSEXHH (HV219) reports the sex of the head of the household. The information in HHEADSEXHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Relationship structure in HH Relationship structure in HH Relationship structure in HH Relationship structure in HH Relationship structure in HH 1) NUMBER 8 Missing 6 Non-resident 5 Unrelated adults 4 Three plus related adults 3 Two adults, same sex 2 Two adults, opp sex 1 One adult No adults 9 NIU (not in universe) FAMSTRUCTR (HV217) indicates the relationship structure (no adults, one adult, two related adults of the opposite sex, two related adults of the same sex, three or more related adults, or unrelated adults) in the household. Only usual (de jure) household members aged 15 and over are considered in determining the household's relationship structure. FAMSTRUCTR is a constructed variable, based on information about each household member's age, sex, and relationship to the householder, which was collected when completing the listing of persons in the household at the time of the survey. The information in FAMSTRUCTR is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Number of rooms in HH used for sleeping Number of rooms in HH used for sleeping Number of rooms in HH used for sleeping Number of rooms in HH used for sleeping Number of rooms in HH used for sleeping 24) In your household, how many rooms do you use for sleeping? ROOMS: ___ 98 Missing 97 Don't know 35 35+ 34 34 33 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 01 1 00 96 Non-resident 99 NIU (not in universe) SLEEPROOMS (HV216) reports the number of rooms in the household used for sleeping. IPUMS Main material of floor Main material of floor Main material of floor Main material of floor Main material of floor 25) PRINCIPLE FLOORING MATERIAL. RECORD OBSERVATION. NATURAL FLOOR EARTH/SAND 11 FINISHED FLOOR PARQUET OR POLISHED WOOD 31 VINYL STRIPS 32 TILE 33 CEMENT 34 RUG 35 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 41 116 Mud and hay 999 NIU (not in universe) 391 Plaster 996 Non-resident 100 NATURAL 110 Earth-based 111 Earth, sand 112 Earth, mud 113 Earth, mud, clay 114 Sand 115 Dirt/Earth 120 Dung-based 121 Dung 122 Earth and dung 123 Mud, dung, sand 200 RUDIMENTARY 210 Wood 211 Wood planks 212 Wood and tile 213 Wood/palm/bamboo 220 Palm/bamboo 221 Palm/bamboo/leaves 230 Other rudimentary 231 Broken bricks 232 Adobe 233 Unfinished stone 300 FINISHED 310 Parquet/polished wood 311 Polished wood/vinyl/tiles 320 Vinyl/asphalt strips/linoleum 321 Linoleum 330 Tiles/mosaic 331 Ceramic tiles 332 Cement tiles 333 Ceramic/terrazo tiles 334 Ceramic/marble tiles 335 Tiles/brick 340 Cement/concrete 350 Carpet 360 Terrazzo 370 Stone 380 Bricks 390 Other finished 400 OTHER 997 Don't know 998 Missing 322 Vinyl 351 Mat FLOOR (HV213) reports the main material of the floor of the dwelling. Response categories vary widely across surveys but fall into broad groups (i.e., natural materials, rudimentary processed materials, and finished materials). See Comparability. IPUMS Main material of roof Main material of roof Main material of roof Main material of roof Main material of roof 26) MAIN ROOF MATERIAL. RECORD OBSERVATION. CONCRETE 01 SHEET METAL 02 BANCO [TRANSLATOR NOTE: A TYPE OF MUDBRICK OR ADOBE SPECIFIC TO WEST AFRICA] 03 STRAW 04 CANVAS 05 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 06 126 Mud and hay 118 Sticks/sticks with mud or dung 333 Reinforced brick cement 996 Non-resident 000 No roof 100 NATURAL 110 Thatch/palm leaf/grass/makuti 111 Thatch/palm leaf 112 Grass, thatch 113 Grass, thatch, makuti 114 Thatch 115 Thatch/mat/leaves 116 Leaves 117 Grass/leaves/mud 120 Earth 121 Mud 122 Dung, mud 123 Earth, mud 124 Sod 125 Sod/mud and grass mixture 130 Straw 200 RUDIMENTARY 210 Rustic mat 211 Rustic mat, plastic sheets 220 Plastic/polythene sheet 230 Palm/bamboo 231 Palm, bamboo, grass 232 Reed, bamboo 240 Wood planks 241 Wooden tiles, planks 242 Wood, mulch 250 Cardboard 260 Rudimentary - metal 261 Tin cans 262 Iron sheets 270 Other rudimentary 271 Mobile roofs of nomads 272 Skin 300 FINISHED 310 Metal 311 Metal, zinc 312 Corrugated metal sheet, asbestos 313 Corrugated iron 314 Tin 315 Asbetos 320 Wood 330 Cement/concrete 331 Cement 332 Concrete 340 Tiles 341 Ceramic tiles 342 Iron and tiles 343 Tiles/slate 344 Mud tiles 345 Ceramic tiles, harvey (steel) tiles 350 Cement fiber 351 Calamine/cement fiber 352 Asbestos, cement fiber 353 Zinc/cement fiber 360 Roofing shingles 370 Bricks 371 Unburnt bricks 372 Burnt brick 380 Stone 381 Loosely packed stone 382 Stone slabs 383 Slate 400 OTHER 998 Missing 273 Waste materials 999 NIU (not in universe) ROOF (HV215) reports the main material of the roof of the dwelling. Response categories vary widely across surveys but fall into broad groups (i.e., natural materials, rudimentary processed materials, and finished materials). See Comparability. IPUMS Has electricity Has electricity Has electricity Has electricity Has electricity 23 In your residence, do you have: Electricity? A radio? A television? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 8 Missing 1 Yes No 6 Non-resident ELECTRC (V119) indicates whether the household has electricity. Samples vary in how that information was collected. See Comparability. IPUMS Dwelling has electricity (from hh record) Dwelling has electricity (from hh record) Dwelling has electricity (from hh record) Dwelling has electricity (from hh record) Dwelling has electricity (from hh record) 23 In your residence, do you have: Electricity? A radio? A television? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ELECTRCHH (HV206) indicates whether the household has electricity. Samples vary in how that information was collected. The information in ELECTRCHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Type of toilet facility Type of toilet facility Type of toilet facility Type of toilet facility Type of toilet facility 22) What kind of toilet is there in your household? FLUSH TOILET OWN FLUSH TOILET 11 SHARED FLUSH TOILET 12 PUBLIC FLUSH TOILET 13 PIT TOILET OR LATRINE TRADITIONAL PIT TOILET 21 VENTILATED IMPROVED PIT (VIP) OR LATRINES 22 NO FACILITY/BRUSH/FIELD 31 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 41 3431 Pit latrine with ventilation pipe, no mesh 9996 Non-resident 0000 NO FACILITY 1000 FLUSH TOILET 1100 Unspecified type of flush toilet 1110 Own flush toilet (unspecified type) 1120 Shared flush toilet (unspecified type) 1200 Modern flush toilet 1210 Flush to piped sewer system 1300 Traditional with tank flush 1400 Bucket flush toilet 1410 Flush to pit latrine 1420 Flush to somewhere else 1430 Flush, don't know where 2000 NON-FLUSHING TOILET 2100 Composting toilet 2200 Dry toilet 2300 Ecosan toilet 3000 PIT TOILET LATRINE 3100 Unspecified type of pit latrine 3110 Own pit toilet or latrine (unspecified type) 3120 Shared pit toiletor latrine (unspecified type) 3121 Public pit toilet or latrine (unspecified type) 3200 Traditional pit toilet or latrine 3210 Pit latrine without slab or open pit 3300 Pit latrine with slab 3400 Ventilated improved pit latrine 3410 Covered pit latrine, no slab 3420 Covered pit latrine with slab 3430 Covered latrine 3440 Septic pit 4000 UNIMPROVED TOILET 4100 Bucket toilet 4200 River 4300 Hanging latrine over water source 5000 OTHER 9998 Missing 1112 Private flush toilet, outside residence 1211 Flush to piped sewer system, indoors 1212 Flush to piped sewer system, inside yard 1213 Flush to piped sewer system, out of yard 3310 Pit latrine with washable slab 3320 Pit latrine with non-washable slab 3490 Other improved system 3463 Latrine to piped public system, out of yard 3462 Latrine to piped public system, inside yard 3461 Latrine to piped public system, indoors 3443 Latrine to septic tank, out of yard 3442 Latrine to septic tank, inside yard 3441 Latrine to septic tank, indoors 3212 Open pit latrine, out of yard 3211 Open pit latrine, inside yard 1253 Flush to septic tank, out of yard 1252 Flush to septic tank, inside yard 1251 Flush to septic tank, indoors 1250 Flush to septic tank 1240 Flush, not to sewer 1233 Flush to ground water, out of yard 1232 Flush to ground water, inside yard 1231 Flush to ground water, indoors 3450 Latrine with manual flush 3460 Latrine to piped public system 9999 NIU (not in universe) 1230 Flush to pipe connected to ground water 1220 Flush to pipe connected to canal 1132 Public flush toilet, outside residence 1131 Public flush toilet, inside residence 1130 Public flush toilet (unspecified type) 1111 Private flush toilet, inside residence TOILETTYPE (HV205) reports the household's type of toilet facility, with no facility coded "0." Responses vary widely across surveys; see Comparability. The information in TOILETTYPE is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Major source of non-drinking water Major source of non-drinking water Major source of non-drinking water Major source of non-drinking water Major source of non-drinking water 18) Where does the water your household uses for hand and dishwashing come from? PIPED WATER PIPED INTO THE RESIDENCE/YARD/PLOT 11 (GO TO 20) PUBLIC TAP 12 WELL WATER WELL IN THE RESIDENCE/YARD/PLOT 21 (GO TO 20) PUBLIC WELL OR BOREHOLE 22 SURFACE WATER SPRING 31 RIVER OR STREAM 32 POND/LAKE 33 DAM 34 RAINWATER 41 (GO TO 20) WATER VENDOR 51 BOTTLED WATER 61 (GO TO 20) OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 71 9996 Non-resident 1000 PIPED WATER 1100 Piped into own dwelling/yard/plot 1110 Piped into own dwelling 1120 Piped into own yard/plot 1200 Piped outside own residence/plot 1210 Public tap/standpipe 1220 Piped into neighbor's dwelling/yard 2000 WELL WATER 2100 Unprotected/open well 2110 Open well in own dwelling/yard/plot 2111 Open well in own dwelling 2112 Open well in own yard/plot 2120 Open public well 2130 Open well in neighbor's residence 2200 Protected well 2210 Protected well in own dwelling/yard/plot 2211 Protected well in own dwelling 2212 Protected well in own yard/plot 2220 Protected public well 2230 Tube well or borehole 2231 Borehole in yard/plot 2232 Public borehole 2300 Unspecified well 2310 Unspecified well in residence/yard/plot 2311 Unspecified well in own dwelling 2312 Unspecified well in own yard/plot 2313 Handpump in yard/plot 2320 Unspecified public well 2321 Public shallow well 2322 Public traditional well 2323 Public handpump 2330 Unspecified neighbor's well 2340 Unspecified well by type 2341 Well with pump 2342 Well without pump 3000 SURFACE WATER 3100 Spring 3110 Protected spring 3120 Unprotected spring 3200 River/dam/lake/ponds/streams/canal/irrigation channel 3210 River, stream 3220 Pond, lake 3230 Dam 3240 Canal or river/canal 3250 Irrigation ditch 3260 Dugout pond 3300 Channeled by gravity flow scheme 4000 RAINWATER 4100 Rainwater collected in tank 5000 PURCHASED FROM SUPPLIER 5100 Tanker truck 5200 Cart with small tank 5300 Water vendor 5400 Bottled water 5410 Sachet water (in a bag) 6000 OTHER SOURCE 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) 5201 Motorcycle with 3 wheels NDRINKWTR (HV202) reports the household's main source of water for uses other than drinking (for example, cooking and washing). Responses vary widely across surveys; see Comparability. The information in NDRINKWTR is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Major source of drinking water Major source of drinking water Major source of drinking water Major source of drinking water Major source of drinking water 21) Where does the water your household uses for drinking come from? PIPED WATER PIPED INTO THE RESIDENCE/YARD/PLOT 11 PUBLIC TAP 12 WELL WATER WELL IN THE RESIDENCE/YARD/PLOT 21 PUBLIC WELL OR BOREHOLE 22 SURFACE WATER SPRING 31 RIVER OR STREAM 32 POND/LAKE 33 DAM 34 RAINWATER 41 WATER VENDOR 51 BOTTLED WATER 61 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 71 2213 Protected well in neighbor's residence/plot 9996 Non-resident 1000 PIPED WATER 1100 Piped into own dwelling/yard/plot 1110 Piped into own dwelling 1120 Piped into own yard/plot 1200 Piped outside own residence/plot 1210 Public tap/standpipe 1220 Piped into neighbor's dwelling/yard 2000 WELL WATER 2100 Unprotected/open well 2110 Open well in own dwelling/yard/plot 2111 Open well in own dwelling 2112 Open well in own yard/plot 2120 Open public well 2130 Open well in neighbor's residence 2200 Protected well 2210 Protected well in own dwelling/yard/plot 2211 Protected well in own dwelling 2212 Protected well in own yard/plot 2220 Protected public well 2230 Tube well or borehole 2231 Borehole in yard/plot 2232 Public borehole 2300 Unspecified well 2310 Unspecified well in residence/yard/plot 2311 Unspecified well in own dwelling 2312 Unspecified well in own yard/plot 2313 Handpump in yard/plot 2320 Unspecified public well 2321 Public shallow well 2322 Public traditional well 2323 Public handpump 2330 Unspecified neighbor's well 2340 Unspecified well by type 2341 Well with pump 2342 Well without pump 3000 SURFACE WATER 3100 Spring 3110 Protected spring/surface water 3120 Unprotected spring/surface water 3200 River/dam/lake/ponds/streams/canal/irrigation channel 3210 River, stream 3220 Pond, lake 3230 Dam 3240 Canal or river/canal 3250 Irrigation ditch 3260 Dugout pond 3300 Channeled by gravity flow scheme 4000 RAINWATER 4100 Rainwater collected in tank 5000 PURCHASED FROM SUPPLIER 5100 Tanker truck 5200 Cart with small tank 5300 Water vendor 5400 Bottled water 5410 Sachet water (in a bag) 6000 OTHER SOURCE 9998 Missing 1211 Public tap from filtration plant 1212 Public tap from stone pipes 5310 Water vendor from unknown source 5320 Water vendor from protected well 5330 Water vendor from unprotected well 5340 Water vendor from pond/lake 9999 NIU (not in universe) 5500 Community reverse osmosis plant 5201 Motorcycle with 3 wheels DRINKWTR (HV201) reports the household's main source of drinking water. Responses vary widely across surveys; see Comparability. The information in DRINKWTR is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Same water source used for drinking and other water Same water source used for drinking and other water Same water source used for drinking and other water Same water source used for drinking and other water Same water source used for drinking and other water 20) Does your household use water from the same source for drinking? YES 1 (GO TO 22) NO 2 8 Missing 1 Yes 6 Non-resident No SAMEH2OSRC (V142) indicates whether the household used the same source of water for drinking and for other uses (such as laundry and dishwashing). For samples without this variable, the information could be calculated by comparing the household's reported sources of drinking water and water for other uses. IPUMS Same water source used for drinking and other water (HH record) Same water source used for drinking and other water (HH record) Same water source used for drinking and other water (HH record) Same water source used for drinking and other water (HH record) Same water source used for drinking and other water (HH record) 20) Does your household use water from the same source for drinking? YES 1 (GO TO 22) NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) With information taken from the household record, SAMEH2OSRCHH (HV203) indicates whether the household used the same source of water for drinking and for other uses (such as laundry and dishwashing). For samples without this variable, the information could be calculated by comparing the household's reported sources of drinking water and water for other uses. The information in SAMEH2OSRCHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Time to water source (from individual respondent record) Time to water source (from individual respondent record) Time to water source (from individual respondent record) Time to water source (from individual respondent record) Time to water source (from individual respondent record) 19) How much time does it take to go there, get water, and come back? MINUTES: ___ ON LOCATION 996 000 0 (on premises) 001 1 002 2 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 035 35 036 36 037 37 038 38 039 39 040 40 041 41 042 42 043 43 044 44 045 45 046 46 047 47 048 48 049 49 050 50 051 51 052 52 053 53 054 54 055 55 056 56 057 57 058 58 059 59 060 60 061 61 062 62 063 63 064 64 065 65 066 66 067 67 068 68 069 69 070 70 071 71 072 72 073 73 074 74 075 75 076 76 077 77 078 78 079 79 080 80 081 81 082 82 083 83 084 84 085 85 086 86 087 87 088 88 089 89 090 90 091 91 092 92 093 93 094 94 095 95 096 96 097 97 098 98 099 99 100 100 101 101 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 107 107 108 108 109 109 110 110 111 111 112 112 113 113 114 114 115 115 116 116 117 117 118 118 119 119 120 120 121 121 122 122 123 123 124 124 125 125 126 126 127 127 128 128 129 129 130 130 131 131 132 132 133 133 134 134 135 135 136 136 137 137 138 138 139 139 140 140 141 141 142 142 143 143 144 144 145 145 146 146 147 147 148 148 149 149 150 150 151 151 152 152 153 153 154 154 155 155 156 156 157 157 158 158 159 159 160 160 161 161 162 162 163 163 164 164 165 165 166 166 167 167 168 168 169 169 170 170 171 171 172 172 173 173 174 174 175 175 176 176 177 177 178 178 179 179 180 180 181 181 182 182 183 183 184 184 185 185 186 186 187 187 188 188 189 189 190 190 191 191 192 192 193 193 194 194 195 195 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 200 200 201 201 202 202 203 203 204 204 205 205 206 206 207 207 208 208 209 209 210 210 211 211 212 212 213 213 214 214 215 215 216 216 217 217 218 218 219 219 220 220 221 221 222 222 223 223 224 224 225 225 226 226 227 227 228 228 229 229 230 230 231 231 232 232 233 233 234 234 235 235 236 236 237 237 238 238 239 239 240 240 241 241 242 242 243 243 244 244 245 245 246 246 247 247 248 248 249 249 250 250 251 251 252 252 253 253 254 254 255 255 256 256 257 257 258 258 259 259 260 260 261 261 262 262 263 263 264 264 265 265 266 266 267 267 268 268 269 269 270 270 271 271 272 272 273 273 274 274 275 275 276 276 277 277 278 278 279 279 280 280 281 281 282 282 283 283 284 284 285 285 286 286 287 287 288 288 289 289 290 290 291 291 292 292 293 293 294 294 295 295 296 296 297 297 298 298 299 299 300 300 301 301 302 302 303 303 304 304 305 305 306 306 307 307 308 308 309 309 310 310 311 311 312 312 313 313 314 314 315 315 316 316 317 317 318 318 319 319 320 320 321 321 322 322 323 323 324 324 325 325 326 326 327 327 328 328 329 329 330 330 331 331 332 332 333 333 334 334 335 335 336 336 337 337 338 338 339 339 340 340 341 341 342 342 343 343 344 344 345 345 346 346 347 347 348 348 349 349 350 350 351 351 352 352 353 353 354 354 355 355 356 356 357 357 358 358 359 359 360 360+ 994 One day or longer 995 On premises 996 Non-resident 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) TIMETOWTRIND (V115) reports the amount of time, in minutes, to get to the household's major source of water, top-coded at 360+ minutes. This information is taken from the individual woman's record. The complementary variable TIMETOWTRHH (HV204) reports the same information, taken from the household record. IPUMS Time to reach water source and return, in minutes (from HH record) Time to reach water source and return, in minutes (from HH record) Time to reach water source and return, in minutes (from HH record) Time to reach water source and return, in minutes (from HH record) Time to reach water source and return, in minutes (from HH record) 19) How much time does it take to go there, get water, and come back? MINUTES: ___ ON LOCATION 996 000 001 1 002 2 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 035 35 036 36 037 37 038 38 039 39 040 40 041 41 042 42 043 43 044 44 045 45 046 46 047 47 048 48 049 49 050 50 051 51 052 52 053 53 054 54 055 55 056 56 057 57 058 58 059 59 060 60 061 61 062 62 063 63 064 64 065 65 066 66 067 67 068 68 069 69 070 70 071 71 072 72 073 73 074 74 075 75 076 76 077 77 078 78 079 79 080 80 081 81 082 82 083 83 084 84 085 85 086 86 087 87 088 88 089 89 090 90 091 91 092 92 093 93 094 94 095 95 096 96 097 97 098 98 099 99 100 100 101 101 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 107 107 108 108 109 109 110 110 111 111 112 112 113 113 114 114 115 115 116 116 117 117 118 118 119 119 120 120 121 121 122 122 123 123 124 124 125 125 126 126 127 127 128 128 129 129 130 130 131 131 132 132 133 133 134 134 135 135 136 136 137 137 138 138 139 139 140 140 141 141 142 142 143 143 144 144 145 145 146 146 147 147 148 148 149 149 150 150 151 151 152 152 153 153 154 154 155 155 156 156 157 157 158 158 159 159 160 160 161 161 162 162 163 163 164 164 165 165 166 166 167 167 168 168 169 169 170 170 171 171 172 172 173 173 174 174 175 175 176 176 177 177 178 178 179 179 180 180 181 181 182 182 183 183 184 184 185 185 186 186 187 187 188 188 189 189 190 190 191 191 192 192 193 193 194 194 195 195 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 200 200 201 201 202 202 203 203 204 204 205 205 206 206 207 207 208 208 209 209 210 210 211 211 212 212 213 213 214 214 215 215 216 216 217 217 218 218 219 219 220 220 221 221 222 222 223 223 224 224 225 225 226 226 227 227 228 228 229 229 230 230 231 231 232 232 233 233 234 234 235 235 236 236 237 237 238 238 239 239 240 240 241 241 242 242 243 243 244 244 245 245 246 246 247 247 248 248 249 249 250 250 251 251 252 252 253 253 254 254 255 255 256 256 257 257 258 258 259 259 260 260 261 261 262 262 263 263 264 264 265 265 266 266 267 267 268 268 269 269 270 270 271 271 272 272 273 273 274 274 275 275 276 276 277 277 278 278 279 279 280 280 281 281 282 282 283 283 284 284 285 285 286 286 287 287 288 288 289 289 290 290 291 291 292 292 293 293 294 294 295 295 296 296 297 297 298 298 299 299 300 300 301 301 302 302 303 303 304 304 305 305 306 306 307 307 308 308 309 309 310 310 311 311 312 312 313 313 314 314 315 315 316 316 317 317 318 318 319 319 320 320 321 321 322 322 323 323 324 324 325 325 326 326 327 327 328 328 329 329 330 330 331 331 332 332 333 333 334 334 335 335 336 336 337 337 338 338 339 339 340 340 341 341 342 342 343 343 344 344 345 345 346 346 347 347 348 348 349 349 350 350 351 351 352 352 353 353 354 354 355 355 356 356 357 357 358 358 359 359 360 360+ 995 On premises 996 Non-resident 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) TIMETOWTRHH (HV204) reports the time in minutes it takes members of the household to get to their main source of water and return to their dwelling. In IPUMS-DHS, this variable is top-coded at 360 minutes or more (6 hours or longer). The information in TIMETOWTRHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has bicycle HH has bicycle HH has bicycle HH has bicycle HH has bicycle 27) Is there someone in your household who owns: A bicycle? A scooter or motorcycle? A car? A cart? BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 SCOOTER/MOTORCYCLE YES 1 NO 2 CAR YES 1 NO 2 CART YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing BIKE (V123) indicates whether any member of the household has a bicycle. IPUMS HH has bicycle (from HH record) HH has bicycle (from HH record) HH has bicycle (from HH record) HH has bicycle (from HH record) HH has bicycle (from HH record) 27) Is there someone in your household who owns: A bicycle? A scooter or motorcycle? A car? A cart? BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 SCOOTER/MOTORCYCLE YES 1 NO 2 CAR YES 1 NO 2 CART YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) BIKEHH (HV210) indicates whether any member of the household has a bicycle. The information in BIKEHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has car/truck HH has car/truck HH has car/truck HH has car/truck HH has car/truck 27) Is there someone in your household who owns: A bicycle? A scooter or motorcycle? A car? A cart? BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 SCOOTER/MOTORCYCLE YES 1 NO 2 CAR YES 1 NO 2 CART YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown CAR (V125) indicates whether any member of the household owns a car or truck (or other motor vehicle). The specific type of motor vehicle mentioned varies across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS HH has car/truck (from HH record) HH has car/truck (from HH record) HH has car/truck (from HH record) HH has car/truck (from HH record) HH has car/truck (from HH record) 27) Is there someone in your household who owns: A bicycle? A scooter or motorcycle? A car? A cart? BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 SCOOTER/MOTORCYCLE YES 1 NO 2 CAR YES 1 NO 2 CART YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) CARHH (HV212) indicates whether any member of the household owns a car or truck (or other motor vehicle). The specific type of motor vehicle mentioned varies across samples. See Comparability. The information in CARHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has motorcycle/scooter HH has motorcycle/scooter HH has motorcycle/scooter HH has motorcycle/scooter HH has motorcycle/scooter 27) Is there someone in your household who owns: A bicycle? A scooter or motorcycle? A car? A cart? BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 SCOOTER/MOTORCYCLE YES 1 NO 2 CAR YES 1 NO 2 CART YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown MOTORCYCL (V124) indicates whether any member of the household owns a motorcycle or scooter. IPUMS HH has motorcycle/scooter (from HH record) HH has motorcycle/scooter (from HH record) HH has motorcycle/scooter (from HH record) HH has motorcycle/scooter (from HH record) HH has motorcycle/scooter (from HH record) 27) Is there someone in your household who owns: A bicycle? A scooter or motorcycle? A car? A cart? BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 SCOOTER/MOTORCYCLE YES 1 NO 2 CAR YES 1 NO 2 CART YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) MOTORCYCLHH (HV211) indicates whether any member of the household owns a motorcycle or scooter. The information in MOTORCYCLHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has refrigerator HH has refrigerator HH has refrigerator HH has refrigerator HH has refrigerator 23 In your residence, do you have: Electricity? A radio? A television? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown FRIDGE (V122) indicates whether the household has a refrigerator. Some samples specified that the refrigerator must be working or must be owned by the household. See comparability. IPUMS HH has refrigerator (from HH record) HH has refrigerator (from HH record) HH has refrigerator (from HH record) HH has refrigerator (from HH record) HH has refrigerator (from HH record) 23 In your residence, do you have: Electricity? A radio? A television? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) FRIDGEHH (HV209) indicates whether the household has a refrigerator. Some samples specified that the refrigerator must be working or owned by the household. See Comparability. The information in FRIDGEHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has radio HH has radio HH has radio HH has radio HH has radio 23 In your residence, do you have: Electricity? A radio? A television? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 8 Unknown 1 Yes No 6 Non-resident RADIO (V120) indicates whether the household has a radio. Some samples specified that the radio must be working or fit other specifications. See Comparability. IPUMS HH has radio (from HH record) HH has radio (from HH record) HH has radio (from HH record) HH has radio (from HH record) HH has radio (from HH record) 23 In your residence, do you have: Electricity? A radio? A television? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) RADIOHH (HV207) indicates whether any member of the household owns a radio. Some samples specified that the radio must be working or fit other specifications. See Comparability. The information in RADIOHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has television HH has television HH has television HH has television HH has television 23 In your residence, do you have: Electricity? A radio? A television? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown TELEVISION (V121) indicates whether the household has a television. Some samples specified that the TV must be in working order. See Comparability. IPUMS HH has television (from HH record) HH has television (from HH record) HH has television (from HH record) HH has television (from HH record) HH has television (from HH record) 23 In your residence, do you have: Electricity? A radio? A television? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) TVHH (HV208) indicates whether any member of the household has a television. Some samples specified that the TV must be in working order. See Comparability. The information in TVHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has animal-drawn cart HH has animal-drawn cart HH has animal-drawn cart HH has animal-drawn cart HH has animal-drawn cart 27) Is there someone in your household who owns: A bicycle? A scooter or motorcycle? A car? A cart? BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 SCOOTER/MOTORCYCLE YES 1 NO 2 CAR YES 1 NO 2 CART YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) DRAWNCART indicates whether a household member owned an animal-drawn cart. Question wording varied across samples; see Comparability. The information in DRAWNCART is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Currently working Currently working Currently working Currently working Currently working 708) Aside from your own housework, are you currently working? YES 1 (GO TO 710) NO 2 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneous 12 Yes, prompted 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) CURRWORK (V714) indicates whether the woman is currently working at a job or business. To distinguish employment from household labor, many surveys included a preface such as the following: "As you know, some women take up jobs for which they are paid in cash or in kind. Others sell things, have a small business or work on the family farm or in the family business." Women who have worked outside of their own housework in the last 12 months and been paid in cash, cash and in-kind, or only in-kind payments are included as working, although the survey questions vary in who receives an affirmative response. See Comparability. IPUMS Woman's occupation Woman's occupation Woman's occupation Woman's occupation Woman's occupation 710) What is your main occupation, that is, what kind of work do you do? ____ 00 Not currently working 10 Professional, technical, or managerial worker 20 Clerical or Sales 21 Clerical worker 22 Sales worker 30 Agricultural 31 Self-employed agricultural worker 32 Agricultural employee 40 Household, domestic, and services 41 Household and domestic worker 42 Services worker 50 Skilled and unskilled manual 51 Skilled manual worker 52 Unskilled manual worker 60 Armed forces 96 Other 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) WKCURRJOB (V717) reports the occupation of the respondent in somewhat standardized categories. The categories included, and the degree of detail within broad categories (e.g., self-employed versus employee in agriculture, or simply agriculture), vary across samples. IPUMS-DHS employs composite coding to maximize comparability across samples (using the first digit of the codes to indicate broad job categories) without loss of detailed information (preserved in the second digit). The category "agriculture" includes fishermen, foresters, breeders, and hunters as well as farmers. IPUMS Respondent's current type of employment. Respondent's current type of employment. Respondent's current type of employment. Respondent's current type of employment. Respondent's current type of employment. 711) In your work, do you work for a family member, for someone else, or are you self-employed? FOR FAMILY MEMBER 1 FOR SOMEONE ELSE 2 SELF-EMPLOYED 3 8 Missing Did not work 1 Paid employee, away 2 Paid employee, home 3 Self-employed, away 4 Self-employed, home 5 Unpaid worker, away 6 Unpaid worker, home WKCURRTYPE (V718) indicates the woman's current type of employment, along the two dimensions of class of worker (paid, self-employed, unpaid) and location (at home or away). IPUMS Whom the respondent works for Whom the respondent works for Whom the respondent works for Whom the respondent works for Whom the respondent works for 711) In your work, do you work for a family member, for someone else, or are you self-employed? FOR FAMILY MEMBER 1 FOR SOMEONE ELSE 2 SELF-EMPLOYED 3 24 For someone else 23 For someone else (unpaid) 10 Works for self 11 Self-employed 12 Employer 20 Works for someone else 21 For family member (unpaid) 22 For family member 30 Works for self and someone else 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 40 Other WHOWORKFOR (V719) indicates whether the respondent works for a family member, for someone else, or is self-employed. IPUMS Woman earns cash for work Woman earns cash for work Woman earns cash for work Woman earns cash for work Woman earns cash for work 712) Do you earn money for this work? PROBE: Do you make money for working? YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) WKEARNCASH (V720) indicates whether the woman earns cash for her work. IPUMS Woman works at home or away from home Woman works at home or away from home Woman works at home or away from home Woman works at home or away from home Woman works at home or away from home 713) Do you do this work at home or away from home? HOME 1 AWAY 2 1 At home 2 Away 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) WKHOMEAWAY (V721) indicates whether the respondent currently works at home or away from home. IPUMS Child with woman while working Child with woman while working Child with woman while working Child with woman while working Child with woman while working 715) While you are working, do you usually have (NAME OF YOUNGEST CHILD AT HOME) with you, sometimes with you, or never with you? USUALLY 1 (GO TO 801) SOMETIMES 2 NEVER 3 10 Child usually with respondent 20 Child sometimes with respondent 21 Child rarely with respondent 30 Child never with respondent 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently working and who have a young child living at home, WKKIDWITH (V722) reports how often the woman has her child with her while she is working. IPUMS Who cares for youngest child while woman works Who cares for youngest child while woman works Who cares for youngest child while woman works Who cares for youngest child while woman works Who cares for youngest child while woman works 716) Who usually takes care of (NAME OF YOUNGEST CHILD AT HOME) while you are working? HUSBAND/PARTNER 01 OLDER CHILD(REN) 02 OTHER RELATIVES 03 NEIGHBORS 04 FRIENDS 05 SERVANT/HIRED HELP 06 CHILD IS IN SCHOOL 07 INSTITUTIONAL CHILDCARE 08 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 09 00 Respondent 01 Husband /partner 02 Other child 03 Other relatives 04 Neighbors 05 Friends 06 Servants /hired help 07 Child is in school 08 Institutional care 09 Child's grandparents 10 Other female child 11 Other male child 95 Not worked since birth 96 Other 97 Don't know 98 Missing For women who are currently working and who have a young child living at home, WKKIDCARE (V723) reports who usually cares for the youngest child while the woman is working. IPUMS Partner's occupation Partner's occupation Partner's occupation Partner's occupation Partner's occupation 705) What kind of work does (did) your (last) husband mainly do? ____ 10 Did not work 11 Not working, student or applicant 12 Unemployed 13 Student 20 Prof., Tech., Manag. 30 Clerical or Sales 31 Clerical 32 Sales 40 Agricultural, breeding, fishing, forest 41 Agriculture, self-employed 42 Agriculture, employee 50 Household, domestic, and services 51 Household and domestic 52 Services 60 Skilled and unskilled manual 61 Skilled manual 62 Unskilled manual 70 Other 71 Army 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) HUSJOB (V705) reports the occupation of the woman's husband/partner in somewhat standardized categories. The categories included, and the degree of detail within broad categories (e.g., self-employed versus employee in agriculture, or simply agriculture), vary across samples. IPUMS-DHS employs composite coding to maximize comparability across samples (using the first digit of the codes to indicate broader job categories) without loss of detailed information (preserved in the second digit). The category "agriculture" includes fishermen, foresters, breeders, and hunters as well as farmers. IPUMS Type of land where partner works Type of land where partner works Type of land where partner works Type of land where partner works Type of land where partner works 707) (Does/did) your husband/partner work mainly on his own land or family land or someone else's land? HIS/FAMILY LAND 1 RENTED LAND 2 SOMEONE ELSE'S LAND 3 10 Own/family land 11 Own land 12 Family land 20 Someone else's land 30 Rented land 40 Other responses 41 Public land/govt allocation 42 Communal land/shifting cultivation 43 Sharecropper 44 Other, unspecified 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently married and whose husband or partner works in agriculture, WKHUSLAND (V707) reports the type of land where he works. IPUMS Reported literacy Reported literacy Reported literacy Reported literacy Reported literacy 111) Do you know how to read and understand a letter or a newspaper easily, with difficulty, or not at all? EASILY 1 WITH DIFFICULTY 2 NOT AT ALL 3 (GO TO 113) 00 Cannot read 10 Reads 11 Reads with difficulty 12 Reads easily 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) LIT1 (V108) indicates whether the woman could read. This information was obtained in response to the question, "Can you read a letter or newspaper easily, with difficulty, or not at all?" In many countries, persons with secondary or higher levels of schooling were presumed to "read easily," but coding criteria varied across countries. Simply asking women whether and how easily they could read was the approach used to determine literacy in DHS Phases 1-3. Beginning in Phase 4, a different approach was employed to determine literacy. See LIT2 (V155) for details about that second approach, which involved having the respondent read a sentence aloud. See LITBRIG for information about using the data on literacy across all phases of the DHS. IPUMS Literacy bridging variable Literacy bridging variable Literacy bridging variable Literacy bridging variable Literacy bridging variable 111) Do you know how to read and understand a letter or a newspaper easily, with difficulty, or not at all? EASILY 1 WITH DIFFICULTY 2 NOT AT ALL 3 (GO TO 113) 10 Yes, reads 11 Reads easily/whole sentence 12 Reads with difficulty/part of sentence 20 No, cannot read 30 Not ascertained (blind or diff. language) 31 No card with required language 32 Blind or visually impaired 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) LITBRIG serves as a bridging variable between two approaches to collecting information on literacy. Initially, respondents were asked, "Can you read a letter or newspaper easily, with difficulty, or not at all?" In many countries, persons with secondary or higher levels of schooling were presumed to "read easily," but coding criteria varied across countries. Beginning with Phase 4 of the DHS, persons with less than secondary school education were asked to demonstrate their literacy level by reading aloud a sentence on a card and were classified as "cannot read at all," "able to read only parts of sentence," and "able to read whole sentence." As before, those with secondary or higher schooling were presumed to have attained the highest literacy level. LITBRIG combines information from the first approach of asking about literacy (in LIT1 [V108]) and the second approach of testing literacy based on reading a sentence aloud (in LIT2 [V155]). See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Highest educational level Highest educational level Highest educational level Highest educational level Highest educational level 108) What is the highest level of education that you have attained: primary, first cycle of secondary, second cycle of secondary, or higher? PRIMARY 1 FIRST CYCLE OF SECONDARY 2 SECOND CYCLE OF SECONDARY 3 HIGHER 4 No education 1 Primary 2 Secondary 3 Higher 8 Missing For women who ever went to school, EDUCLVL (V106) reports the highest level of school they attended. Countries vary in the gradations of their school systems, but EDUCLVL is a standardized variable reporting level of education in four broad categories: No education, Primary, Secondary, and Higher. The DHS recode manuals state, "In some countries the educational system does not fit naturally within this scheme, and a different categorization was used for the Final Report. In this case, this variable is constructed as accurately as possible from the country's own scheme, and the variable used for the Final Report is included as a country-specific variable." IPUMS Highest year of education in level Highest year of education in level Highest year of education in level Highest year of education in level Highest year of education in level 109) What was the last grade you completed at this level? GRADES FOR PRIMARY INTRODUCTORY COURSE 1 PREPARATORY COURSE 2 ELEMENTARY COURSE 1 3 ELEMENTARY COURSE 2 4 MID-LEVEL COURSE 1 5 MID-LEVEL COURSE 2 6 GRADES FOR SECONDARY, FIRST CYCLE 6TH 1 5TH 2 4TH 3 3RD 4 DON'T KNOW 8 GRADES FOR SECONDARY, SECOND 2ND 1 1ST 2 FINAL YEAR 3 DON'T KNOW 8 GRADES FOR HIGHER LEVEL FIRST YEAR 1 SECOND YEAR 2 THIRD YEAR 3 FOURTH YEAR AND HIGHER 4 DON'T KNOW 8 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who ever attended school, YRSCHL (V107) reports the number of years of education completed at the highest level of schooling achieved (primary, secondary, or higher), as reported in EDUCLVL (V106). See Comparability. For the woman's total years of education, see EDYRTOTAL (V133). IPUMS Total years education Total years education Total years education Total years education Total years education 109) What was the last grade you completed at this level? GRADES FOR PRIMARY INTRODUCTORY COURSE 1 PREPARATORY COURSE 2 ELEMENTARY COURSE 1 3 ELEMENTARY COURSE 2 4 MID-LEVEL COURSE 1 5 MID-LEVEL COURSE 2 6 GRADES FOR SECONDARY, FIRST CYCLE 6TH 1 5TH 2 4TH 3 3RD 4 DON'T KNOW 8 GRADES FOR SECONDARY, SECOND 2ND 1 1ST 2 FINAL YEAR 3 DON'T KNOW 8 GRADES FOR HIGHER LEVEL FIRST YEAR 1 SECOND YEAR 2 THIRD YEAR 3 FOURTH YEAR AND HIGHER 4 DON'T KNOW 8 98 Missing 97 Don't know 26 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 01 1 00 96 Inconsistent 27 27 EDYRTOTAL (V133) reports the woman's education level in single years. This variable is constructed from responses to EDUCLVL (V106) and YRSCHL (V107) as follows: If EDUCLVL = "No education," EDYRTOTAL = "0" If EDUCLVL = "Primary," EDYRTOTAL = YRSCHL If EDUCLVL = "Secondary," EDYRTOTAL = YRSCHL + x If EDUCLVL = "Higher," EDYRTOTAL = YRSCHL + y If EDUCLVL = "Missing," EDYRTOTAL = "Missing" In the above equations, "x" equals the number of years needed to complete primary education, and "y" equals the number of years needed to complete primary and secondary education. The values of "x" and "y" are country-specific. IPUMS Summary educational achievement Summary educational achievement Summary educational achievement Summary educational achievement Summary educational achievement 109) What was the last grade you completed at this level? GRADES FOR PRIMARY INTRODUCTORY COURSE 1 PREPARATORY COURSE 2 ELEMENTARY COURSE 1 3 ELEMENTARY COURSE 2 4 MID-LEVEL COURSE 1 5 MID-LEVEL COURSE 2 6 GRADES FOR SECONDARY, FIRST CYCLE 6TH 1 5TH 2 4TH 3 3RD 4 DON'T KNOW 8 GRADES FOR SECONDARY, SECOND 2ND 1 1ST 2 FINAL YEAR 3 DON'T KNOW 8 GRADES FOR HIGHER LEVEL FIRST YEAR 1 SECOND YEAR 2 THIRD YEAR 3 FOURTH YEAR AND HIGHER 4 DON'T KNOW 8 No education 1 Incomplete primary 2 Complete primary 3 Incomplete secondary 4 Complete secondary 5 Higher 8 Missing EDACHIEVER (V149) is a summary variable that reports the woman's highest level of education in broad categories. Countries vary in the gradations of their school systems, but EDACHIEVER is a standardized variable providing the level of education in six categories: No education, Incomplete primary, Complete primary, Incomplete secondary, Complete secondary, and Higher. EDACHIEVER is constructed from information contained in EDUCLVL (V106) and YRSCHL (V107). IPUMS Woman still in school Woman still in school Woman still in school Woman still in school Woman still in school 10) IF UNDER 25 YEARS OLD: Does (NAME) still go to school? YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) INSCHOOL (V148) indicates whether young women are currently attending school or university. Women age 24 or older are assumed to no longer be in school and automatically coded as "No" (code "0"). IPUMS Partner's educational level Partner's educational level Partner's educational level Partner's educational level Partner's educational level 703) What is the highest level of school that he reached: primary, post-primary, secondary, or higher? PRIMARY 1 SECONDARY, FIRST CYCLE 2 SECONDARY, SECOND CYCLE 3 HIGHER 4 DON'T KNOW 8 (GO TO 705) No education 1 Primary 2 Secondary 3 Higher 4 Other 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had ever been married or lived with a man, HUSEDLVL (V701) reports the highest level of school attended by their most recent husband/partner. Countries vary in the gradations of their school systems, but HUSEDLVL is a standardized variable reporting the level of education in four categories: No education, Primary, Secondary, and Higher. The DHS recode manuals state, "In some countries the educational system does not fit naturally within this scheme, and a different categorization was used for the Final Report. In this case, this variable is constructed as accurately as possible from the country's own scheme, and the variable used for the Final Report is included as a country-specific variable." IPUMS Partner's highest year of education in level Partner's highest year of education in level Partner's highest year of education in level Partner's highest year of education in level Partner's highest year of education in level 704) What was the last (grade, year) that he completed at that level? GRADE: ___ DON'T KNOW 8 CLASSES FOR PRIMARY LEVEL INTRODUCTORY COURSE 1 PREPARATORY COURSE 2 ELEMENTARY COURSE 1 3 ELEMENTARY COURSE 2 4 MID-LEVEL COURSE 1 5 MID-LEVEL COURSE 2 6 CLASSES FOR SECONDARY, FIRST CYCLE LEVEL 6TH 1 5TH 2 4TH 3 3RD 4 DON'T KNOW 8 CLASSES FOR SECONDARY, SECOND CYCLE LEVEL 2ND 1 1ST 2 FINAL YEAR 3 DON'T KNOW 8 CLASSES FOR HIGHER LEVEL FIRST YEAR 1 SECOND YEAR 2 THIRD YEAR 3 FOURTH YEAR AND HIGHER 4 DON'T KNOW 8 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 95 Other 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women whose most recent husband/partner had ever attended school, HUSEDYR (V702) reports the number of years of schooling completed by their husband/partner at the educational level (primary, secondary, or higher) reported in HUSEDLVL (V701). For the husband's total years of education, see HUSEDYRS (V715). IPUMS Partner's education in total years schooling Partner's education in total years schooling Partner's education in total years schooling Partner's education in total years schooling Partner's education in total years schooling 704) What was the last (grade, year) that he completed at that level? GRADE: ___ DON'T KNOW 8 CLASSES FOR PRIMARY LEVEL INTRODUCTORY COURSE 1 PREPARATORY COURSE 2 ELEMENTARY COURSE 1 3 ELEMENTARY COURSE 2 4 MID-LEVEL COURSE 1 5 MID-LEVEL COURSE 2 6 CLASSES FOR SECONDARY, FIRST CYCLE LEVEL 6TH 1 5TH 2 4TH 3 3RD 4 DON'T KNOW 8 CLASSES FOR SECONDARY, SECOND CYCLE LEVEL 2ND 1 1ST 2 FINAL YEAR 3 DON'T KNOW 8 CLASSES FOR HIGHER LEVEL FIRST YEAR 1 SECOND YEAR 2 THIRD YEAR 3 FOURTH YEAR AND HIGHER 4 DON'T KNOW 8 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 95 Other 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who had ever been married or lived with a man, HUSEDYRS (V715) reports the education of the woman's most recent husband/partner in single years. This variable is constructed from responses to HUSEDLVL (V701) and HUSEDYR (V702) as follows: If HUSEDLVL = "No education," HUSEDYRS = "0" If HUSEDLVL = "Primary," HUSEDYRS = HUSEDYR If HUSEDLVL = "Secondary," HUSEDYRS = HUSEDYR + x If HUSEDLVL = "Higher," HUSEDYRS = HUSEDYR + y If HUSEDLVL = "Missing," HUSEDYRS = "Missing" In the above equations, "x" equals the number of years needed to complete primary education, and "y" equals the number of years needed to complete primary and secondary education. The values of "x" and "y" are country-specific. IPUMS Husband's summary educational achievement Husband's summary educational achievement Husband's summary educational achievement Husband's summary educational achievement Husband's summary educational achievement 704) What was the last (grade, year) that he completed at that level? GRADE: ___ DON'T KNOW 8 CLASSES FOR PRIMARY LEVEL INTRODUCTORY COURSE 1 PREPARATORY COURSE 2 ELEMENTARY COURSE 1 3 ELEMENTARY COURSE 2 4 MID-LEVEL COURSE 1 5 MID-LEVEL COURSE 2 6 CLASSES FOR SECONDARY, FIRST CYCLE LEVEL 6TH 1 5TH 2 4TH 3 3RD 4 DON'T KNOW 8 CLASSES FOR SECONDARY, SECOND CYCLE LEVEL 2ND 1 1ST 2 FINAL YEAR 3 DON'T KNOW 8 CLASSES FOR HIGHER LEVEL FIRST YEAR 1 SECOND YEAR 2 THIRD YEAR 3 FOURTH YEAR AND HIGHER 4 DON'T KNOW 8 No education 1 Incomplete primary 2 Complete primary 3 Incomplete secondary 4 Complete secondary 5 Higher 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HUSEDACHIEVER (V729) is a summary variable that reports the highest level of education in broad categories for the woman's husband/partner. Countries vary in the gradations of their school systems, but HUSEDACHIEVER is a standardized variable providing the level of education in six categories: No education, Incomplete primary, Complete primary, Incomplete secondary, Complete secondary, and Higher. HUSEDACHIEVER is constructed from information contained in the HUSEDLVL (V701) and HUSEDYR (V702) variables. IPUMS Reads newspaper once a week Reads newspaper once a week Reads newspaper once a week Reads newspaper once a week Reads newspaper once a week 112) Do you read a journal or magazine practically at least once a week? YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) NEWSWK (V109) indicates whether the woman usually reads a newspaper or magazine at least once a week. For a comparable variable reporting the frequency of newspaper or magazine reading, see NEWSFQ (V157). For a variable bridging NEWSWK and NEWSFQ, see NEWSBRIG. IPUMS Reads newspaper: Bridging variable Reads newspaper: Bridging variable Reads newspaper: Bridging variable Reads newspaper: Bridging variable Reads newspaper: Bridging variable 112) Do you read a journal or magazine practically at least once a week? YES 1 NO 2 00 No 01 No, not at all 02 No, less than once a week 10 Yes 11 At least once a week 12 Almost every day 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 97 Don't know NEWSBRIG serves as a bridging variable between two approaches to collecting information on exposure to newspapers and magazines. For DHS Phases 1-3, respondents were asked whether they read a newspaper or magazine at least once a week (NEWSWK (V109)). Beginning in DHS Phase 4, respondents were asked how often they read newspapers or magazines (NEWSFQ (V157)). NEWSBRIG uses composite coding to combine data from these two approaches. See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Watches TV every week Watches TV every week Watches TV every week Watches TV every week Watches TV every week 114) Do you watch television at least once a week? YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TVWK (V110) indicates whether the woman usually watches television at least once a week. For a comparable variable reporting the frequency of watching television, see TVFQ (V159). For a variable bridging TVWK and TVFQ, see TVBRIG. IPUMS Watches television: Bridging variable Watches television: Bridging variable Watches television: Bridging variable Watches television: Bridging variable Watches television: Bridging variable 114) Do you watch television at least once a week? YES 1 NO 2 00 No 01 No, not at all 02 No, less than once a week 10 Yes 11 At least once a week 12 Almost every day 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 97 Don't know TVBRIG serves as a bridging variable between two approaches to collecting information on exposure to television. For DHS Phases 1-3, respondents were asked whether they watch television at least once a week (TVWK (V110)). Beginning in DHS Phase 4, respondents were asked how often they watch television (TVFQ (V159)). TVBRIG uses composite coding to combine data from these two approaches; see Comparability. IPUMS Listens to radio every week Listens to radio every week Listens to radio every week Listens to radio every week Listens to radio every week 113) Do you listen to the radio at least once a week? YES 1 NO 2 1 Yes 8 Missing No RADIOWK (V112) indicates whether the woman usually listens to the radio at least once a week. Women who reported that they listen to the radio daily (see RADIODAY (V111)) were automatically coded as "Yes." For a comparable variable reporting the frequency of listening to the radio, see RADIOFQ (V158). For a variable bridging RADIOWK and RADIOFQ, see RADIOBRIG. IPUMS Listens to radio: Bridging variable Listens to radio: Bridging variable Listens to radio: Bridging variable Listens to radio: Bridging variable Listens to radio: Bridging variable 113) Do you listen to the radio at least once a week? YES 1 NO 2 00 No 01 Not at all 02 Less than once a week 10 Yes 11 At least once a week 12 Almost every day 98 Missing 97 Don't know RADIOBRIG serves as a bridging variable between two approaches to collecting information on exposure to the radio. For DHS Phases 1-3, respondents were asked whether they listen to the radio at least once a week (RADIOWK (V112)). Beginning in DHS Phase 4, respondents were asked how often they listen to the radio (RADIOFQ (V158)). RADIOBRIG uses composite coding to combine data from these two approaches; see Comparability. IPUMS Fertility preferences Fertility preferences Fertility preferences Fertility preferences Fertility preferences 603) CHECK 223: NOT PREGNANT OR UNSURE: Now I have some questions about the future. Would you like to have (a/another) child you would you prefer not have any (more) children? PREGNANT: Now I have some questions about the future. After the child you're expecting, would you like to have another child or would you prefer to not have any more children? HAVE (ANOTHER) CHILD 1 NO MORE/NONE 2 (GO TO 610) SHE SAYS SHE CAN'T GET PREGNANT 3 (GO TO 610) UNDECIDED OR DON'T KNOW 8 (GO TO 610) 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Missing 53 Never had sex 52 Declared infecund 51 Sterilized 50 Not at risk of pregnancy 40 Up to God 30 No more 20 Undecided 10 Have another For countries with low contraceptive prevalence, FERTPREF (V602) reports responses to the question, "Would you like to have a (another) child or would you prefer not to have any (more) children"? The standard response categories are "have another," "no more/none," "says she can't get pregnant," and "undecided or don't know." In Phase I, FERTPREF (V602), was constructed from two questions in countries with high contraceptive prevalence (Model "A" questionnaires). Women who responded that they want another child, but when asked when they would like the next child, respond that they cannot get pregnant, are classified in the "declared infecund category," and not in the "Wants another" category. Some samples also include the response "up to God." More detailed responses under the general category "says she can't get pregnant" are sometimes available. In IPUMS-DHS, all responses in the general category of "not at risk of pregnancy" share a common first digit of 5, while the second digit distinguishes between the specific reasons. In some countries, women who never had sexual intercourse (coded as "53" in IPUMS-DHS) were not asked the questions relating to their desire for future children. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Unmet need for FP Unmet need for FP Unmet need for FP Unmet need for FP Unmet need for FP 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Missing 61 Desire birth in less than 2 years 60 No unmet need 53 Never had sex 52 Not in union, not sexually active 51 Infecund or menopausal 50 Not at risk 41 No sex, want to wait 40 Future need for FP 32 Limiting failure 31 Spacing failure 30 Had FP failure 22 Using to limit 21 Using to space 20 Now using FP 12 Unmet need to limit 11 Unmet need to space 10 Has unmet need for FP UNMETNEED (V624) is a constructed variable that reports a woman's need for family planning according to whether she has an unmet need or a met need to space or to limit her future births. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. The following describes the constructed categories in more detail: Unmet need for spacing includes pregnant women whose pregnancy was mistimed, postpartum amenorrheic women whose last birth was mistimed, and fecund women who are neither pregnant nor postpartum amenorrheic and who are not using any method of family planning and say they want to wait two or more years for their next birth, are undecided about the timing of the next birth, or are undecided whether to have another child. Unmet need for limiting includes pregnant women whose pregnancy was unwanted, postpartum amenorrheic women whose last birth was unwanted, and fecund women who are neither pregnant nor postpartum amenorrheic and who are not using any method of family planning and who want no more children. Met need for spacing includes women who are using some method of family planning and say they want to have another child, are undecided about the timing of the next birth, or are undecided whether to have another child. Met need for limiting includes women who are using family planning and who want no more children. Note that the specific methods (modern or traditional) are not taken into account here. Met need describes women who have no need for contraceptive methods, either because they desire a child soon (within the next two years) or because they are menopausal or infecund. In high contraceptive prevalence countries (Model "A" countries), pregnant and postpartum amenorrheic women whose pregnancy was the result of a contraceptive failure are not included in the category of unmet need, but they are categorized as spacing failures or limiting failures. In low contraceptive prevalence countries (Model "B" countries), no such distinction is made, since information was not collected on contraceptive failure. Infecund women are also excluded from the unmet need categories. The "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" provides the following definitions: Fecundity: A woman is assumed to be fecund unless she declares that she is infecund, had a hysterectomy, or is menopausic. Women who are neither pregnant nor postpartum amenorrheic but who have not menstruated for six or more months, and married women who have not used contraception in the past five years but have not had a birth and are not pregnant, are also considered infecund. Failure to Space: This includes women who are pregnant (not due to a contraceptive failure) or are less than six months postpartum amenorrheic who say they wanted the current pregnancy later. Failure to Limit: This includes women who are pregnant (not due to a contraceptive failure) or are less than six months postpartum amenorrheic who say that they did not want another child before they became pregnant. Excluded from the unmet need category are women who became pregnant while using a method (these women are in need of a better method of contraception). The infecund or menopausal category on the UNMETNEED (V624) variable contains fewer cases than the EXPOSURE1 variable, because women who are categorized as infecund or menopausal, but are currently using a contraceptive method, are recorded in the two "met need" categories in UNMETNEED. UNMETNEED (V624) incorporates responses to the following variables: [EXPOSURE1/V623], which reports the woman's exposure to the risk of pregnancy, defined as pregnant, postpartum amenorrheic, menopausal or infecund, and fecund. [ V225], which reports whether a current pregnancy was wanted then, later or not at all (for women who were pregnant at the time of interview). [KIDDESIRE/V605] ,which reports whether the woman wants more children and when she would like them. [FPMETHNOW/V312] which reports the woman's current use of contraception. Users are also encouraged to see details of this variable provided in the "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006) [URL omitted from DDI.]. IPUMS Unmet need for FP (2nd def) Unmet need for FP (2nd def) Unmet need for FP (2nd def) Unmet need for FP (2nd def) Unmet need for FP (2nd def) 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Unknown 53 No sex, want to wait/not married and no sex in last 30 days 52 Never had sex 51 Infecund, menopausal 50 Not at risk for pregnancy 41 Desire birth in less than 2 yrs 40 No unmet need 32 Limiting failure 31 Spacing failure 30 Family limitation failure 22 Using to limit 21 Using to space 20 Now using FP 12 Unmet need to limit 11 Unmet need to space 10 Has unmet need for FP UNMETNEED2 (V626) is a constructed variable that indicates a woman's need for family planning according to whether she has an unmet need or a met need to space or to limit her future births. UNMETNEED2 is similar to UNMETNEED, but UNMETNEED2 differently categorizes women who are infecund or menopausal but are currently using a contraceptive method. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. The construction of UNMETNEED2 uses a definition of fecundity based on exposure status as reported in EXPOSURE2. UNMETNEED, by contrast, uses a definition of exposure status as reported in EXPOSURE1. See the descriptions of these two variables for discussion of their differences. IPUMS Desire for more children Desire for more children Desire for more children Desire for more children Desire for more children 603) CHECK 223: NOT PREGNANT OR UNSURE: Now I have some questions about the future. Would you like to have (a/another) child you would you prefer not have any (more) children? PREGNANT: Now I have some questions about the future. After the child you're expecting, would you like to have another child or would you prefer to not have any more children? HAVE (ANOTHER) CHILD 1 NO MORE/NONE 2 (GO TO 610) SHE SAYS SHE CAN'T GET PREGNANT 3 (GO TO 610) UNDECIDED OR DON'T KNOW 8 (GO TO 610) 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Unknown 63 Never had sex 62 Declared infecund 61 Sterilized 60 Not at risk of pregnancy 51 Up to God 50 Fatalistic response 40 Wants no more 30 Undecided 13 Wants, unsure timing 12 Wants after 2+ years 11 Wants within 2 years 10 Wants more children KIDDESIRE (V605) is a constructed variable that distinguishes between women who want another child soon (in less than two years), who want another child later (in 2+ years), who want no more children, and who aren't sure (about timing or about the number of children desired). When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. The construction of this variable has changed across phases of the DHS and varies across countries (only sometimes distinguishing between groups of women not at risk of pregnancy due to sterilization, infecundity, or virginity). To maximize comparability across samples, IPUMS-DHS employs composite coding. Women who want more children share a common first digit of 1, women not at risk of pregnancy share a common first digit of 6, and detail present in only some samples is specified in the code's second digit. IPUMS Wanted last child Wanted last child Wanted last child Wanted last child Wanted last child 403) At the time you became pregnant with (NAME), did you want to become pregnant then, did you want to wait until later, or did you want no more children at all? THEN 1 (GO TO 405) LATER 2 NO MORE 3 (GO TO 405) 1 Wanted last child then 2 Wanted last child later 3 Wanted no more children 7 Unsure 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPLCHDESIRE (V367) reports whether the woman's last born child was wanted at the time she got pregnant, was wanted but at a later time, or was not wanted at all. The cutoff point for when the woman's last child was born varies across samples; see Comparability. IPUMS Time wanted current pregnancy Time wanted current pregnancy Time wanted current pregnancy Time wanted current pregnancy Time wanted current pregnancy 225) At the time you became pregnant, did you want to become pregnant then, did you want to wait until later or did you not want to become pregnant? THEN 1 LATER 2 NOT AT ALL 3 GOD WILLED IT 4 DON'T KNOW 5 1 Then 2 Later 3 Not at all 4 Up to God 7 Don't know/Not sure 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently pregnant, PGDESIRE (V225) reports whether, at the time of becoming pregnant, the woman wanted her pregnancy then, later, or not at all. IPUMS Ideal number of children Ideal number of children Ideal number of children Ideal number of children Ideal number of children 617) CHECK 216: HAS LIVING CHILDREN: If you could go back to the time you did not have any children and could choose exactly the number of children to have in your whole life, how many would that be? NO LIVING CHILDREN: If you could choose exactly the number of children to have in your whole life, how many would that be? RECORD SINGLE NUMBER OR OTHER ANSWER. NUMBER: ___ OTHER ANSWER (SPECIFY): ___ 96 98 Missing 97 Don't know 66 Number she has currently 65 Depends on husband 64 As many as possible 63 Never thought about it 62 Any number/Fatalistic 61 Up to God/As Allah wills 60 Non-numeric response 50 50 49 49 48 48 47 47 46 46 45 45 44 44 43 43 42 42 41 41 40 40 39 39 38 38 37 37 36 36 35 35 34 34 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 01 1 00 33 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 67 As many as can care for 68 Doesn't want children 99 NIU (not in universe) IDEALKID (V613) reports the ideal total number of children the woman would have liked to have in her whole life, regardless of her actual childbearing. The information is collected through hypothetical questions such as, "If you could go back to the time you did not have any children and could choose exactly the number of children to have in your whole life, how many would that be?" (for women with living children) or "If you could choose exactly the number of children to have in your whole life, how many would that be?" (for women without living children). If the woman responded with a range of values, IDEALKID reports the midpoint between those values. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, "If the midpoint is not an exact number then the number is rounded up in half the cases and rounded down for the other half." The questionnaires included space for non-numeric "other" responses, such as "Up to God." When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Ideal number of children (grouped) Ideal number of children (grouped) Ideal number of children (grouped) Ideal number of children (grouped) Ideal number of children (grouped) 617) CHECK 216: HAS LIVING CHILDREN: If you could go back to the time you did not have any children and could choose exactly the number of children to have in your whole life, how many would that be? NO LIVING CHILDREN: If you could choose exactly the number of children to have in your whole life, how many would that be? RECORD SINGLE NUMBER OR OTHER ANSWER. NUMBER: ___ OTHER ANSWER (SPECIFY): ___ 96 8 Missing 7 Non-numeric response 6 6+ 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 [no label] 9 NIU (not in universe) Like IDEALKID, IDEALKIDGRP (V614) reports the total number of children the woman would hypothetically like to have in her whole life, regardless of her actual childbearing, but top-codes numeric responses at 6+ children and codes non-numeric responses as 7. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Ideal time before future birth Ideal time before future birth Ideal time before future birth Ideal time before future birth Ideal time before future birth 604) CHECK 223: NOT PREGNANT OR UNSURE: How long would you like to wait from now before (a/another) child? PREGNANT: How long would you like to wait after the birth of the child you are expecting before the birth of another child? MONTHS: ___ 1 (GO TO 610) YEARS: ___ 2 (GO TO 610) SOON/NOW 994 (GO TO 610) SHE SAYS SHE CAN'T GET PREGNANT 995 (GO TO 610) OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 996 DON'T KNOW 998 100 Less than 1 month 101 1 month 102 2 months 103 3 months 104 4 months 105 5 months 106 6 months 107 7 months 108 8 months 109 9 months 110 10 months 111 11 months 112 12 months 113 13 months 114 14 months 115 15 months 116 16 months 117 17 months 118 18 months 119 19 months 120 20 months 121 21 months 122 22 months 123 23 months 124 24 months 125 25 months 126 26 months 127 27 months 128 28 months 129 29 months 130 30 months 131 31 months 132 32 months 133 33 months 134 34 months 135 35 months 136 36 months 137 37 months 138 38 months 139 39 months 140 40 months 141 41 months 142 42 months 143 43 months 144 44 months 145 45 months 146 46 months 147 47 months 148 48 months 149 49 months 150 50 months 151 51 months 152 52 months 153 53 months 154 54 months 155 55 months 156 56 months 157 57 months 158 58 months 159 59 months 160 60 months 161 61 months 162 62 months 163 63 months 164 64 months 165 65 months 166 66 months 167 67 months 168 68 months 169 69 months 170 70 months 171 71 months 172 72 months 173 73 months 174 74 months 175 75 months 176 76 months 177 77 months 178 78 months 179 79 months 180 80 months 181 81 months 182 82 months 183 83 months 184 84 months 185 85 months 186 86 months 187 87 months 188 88 months 189 89 months 190 90 months 191 91 months 192 92 months 193 93 months 194 94 months 195 95 months 196 96 months 197 97 months 198 98 months 199 Months, unspecified number 200 Less than 1 year 201 1 year 202 2 years 203 3 years 204 4 years 205 5 years 206 6 years 207 7 years 208 8 years 209 9 years 210 10 years 211 11 years 212 12 years 213 13 years 214 14 years 215 15 years 216 16 years 217 17 years 218 18 years 219 19 years 220 20 years 221 21 years 222 22 years 223 23 years 224 24 years 225 25 years 226 26 years 227 27 years 228 28 years 229 29 years 230 30 years 231 31 years 232 32 years 233 33 years 234 34 years 235 35+ years 299 Years, number missing 989 Up to God 990 After finishing school 991 After marriage 992 When husband returns 993 After breastfeeding 994 At any time 995 Soon/now 996 Other 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IDEALBTHFUT (V616) reports how long the woman would like to wait before the birth of a/another child. IPUMS Best interval between births Best interval between births Best interval between births Best interval between births Best interval between births 618) What do you think is the best number of months or years between the birth of one child and the birth of the next child? MONTHS: ___ 1 YEARS: ___ 2 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 996 169 69 months 168 68 months 165 65 months 164 64 months 163 63 months 162 62 months 161 61 months 100 Less than 1 month 101 1 month 102 2 months 103 3 months 104 4 months 105 5 months 106 6 months 107 7 months 108 8 months 109 9 months 110 10 months 111 11 months 112 12 months 113 13 months 114 14 months 115 15 months 116 16 months 117 17 months 118 18 months 119 19 months 120 20 months 121 21 months 122 22 months 123 23 months 124 24 months 125 25 months 126 26 months 127 27 months 128 28 months 129 29 months 130 30 months 131 31 months 132 32 months 133 33 months 134 34 months 135 35 months 136 36 months 137 37 months 138 38 months 139 39 months 140 40 months 141 41 months 142 42 months 143 43 months 144 44 months 145 45 months 146 46 months 147 47 months 148 48 months 149 49 months 150 50 months 151 51 months 152 52 months 153 53 months 154 54 months 155 55 months 156 56 months 157 57 months 158 58 months 159 59 months 160 60 months 199 Months, unspecified number 200 Less than 1 year 201 1 year 202 2 years 203 3 years 204 4 years 205 5 years 206 6 years 207 7 years 208 8 years 209 9 years 210 10 years 211 11 years 212 12 years 213 13 years 214 14 years 215 15 years 216 16 years 217 17 years 218 18 years 219 19 years 220 20 years 221 21 years 222 22 years 223 23 years 224 24 years 299 Years, unspecified number 996 Other 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) 167 67 months 166 66 months 170 70 months 171 71 months 172 72 months 173 73 months 174 74 months 175 75 months 176 76 months 177 77 months 178 78 months 179 79 months 180 80 months 181 81 months 182 82 months 183 83 months 184 84 months 185 85 months 186 86 months 187 87 months 188 88 months 189 89 months 190 90 months 225 25 years IDEALBTHINT (V615) reports the best number of months or years between the birth of one child and the birth of the next child, according to the respondent. IPUMS-DHS adopts the recoding system from DHS for IDEALBTHINT. Below is a description of the codes from the DHS Recode Manual for Phase 2: The first digit gives the units in which the respondent answered ("1" indicates months, "2" indicates years, and "9" indicates a special response), while the last two digits give the time in those units. If the units' value is 9 then the variable contains a special response, and if the duration value is greater than 90 this also indicates a special response. For example, code 996 is used for "other" answers, and code 299 would mean that the response was given in years but the actual duration was missing on the questionnaire. IPUMS Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child 604) CHECK 223: NOT PREGNANT OR UNSURE: How long would you like to wait from now before (a/another) child? PREGNANT: How long would you like to wait after the birth of the child you are expecting before the birth of another child? MONTHS: ___ 1 (GO TO 610) YEARS: ___ 2 (GO TO 610) SOON/NOW 994 (GO TO 610) SHE SAYS SHE CAN'T GET PREGNANT 995 (GO TO 610) OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 996 DON'T KNOW 998 100 Less than one month (want now) 101 1 month 102 2 months 103 3 months 104 4 months 105 5 months 106 6 months 107 7 months 108 8 months 109 9 months 110 10 months 111 11 months 112 12 months 113 13 months 114 14 months 115 15 months 116 16 months 117 17 months 118 18 months 119 19 months 120 20 months 121 21 months 122 22 months 123 23 months 124 24 months 125 25 months 126 26 months 127 27 months 128 28 months 129 29 months 130 30 months 131 31 months 132 32 months 133 33 months 134 34 months 135 35 months 136 36 months 137 37 months 138 38 months 139 39 months 140 40 months 141 41 months 142 42 months 143 43 months 144 44 months 145 45 months 146 46 months 147 47 months 148 48 months 149 49 months 150 50 months 151 51 months 152 52 months 153 53 months 154 54 months 155 55 months 156 56 months 157 57 months 158 58 months 159 59 months 160 60 months 161 61 months 162 62 months 163 63 months 164 64 months 165 65 months 166 66 months 167 67 months 168 68 months 169 69 months 170 70 months 171 71 months 172 72 months 173 73 months 174 74 months 175 75 months 176 76 months 177 77 months 178 78 months 179 79 months 180 80 months 181 81 months 182 82 months 183 83 months 184 84 months 185 85 months 186 86 months 187 87 months 188 88 months 189 89 months 190 90 months 191 91 months 192 92 months 193 93 months 194 94 months 195 95 months 196 96 months 197 97 months 198 98 months 199 Months, number unspecified 200 Less than one year 201 1 year 202 2 years 203 3 years 204 4 years 205 5 years 206 6 years 207 7 years 208 8 years 209 9 years 210 10 years 211 11 years 212 12 years 213 13 years 214 14 years 215 15 years 216 16 years 217 17 years 218 18 years 219 19 years 220 20 years or more 299 Years, number unspecified 987 After weaning 989 After finishing school 990 When spouse returns 991 Up to God 992 After marriage 993 Any time 994 Soon or immediately 995 Other, non-numeric response 996 Inconsistent response 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For women who want to have a/another child, PREFTIMECH (V603) reports the amount of time, in months or years, they would like to wait before the birth of a/another child (top-coded at 20 years). The complementary variable PREFTIMECH (V604) reports responses to the same question, but in terms of years only, top-coded at 6+ years. PREFTIMECH includes women who are either pregnant or at risk of pregnancy. However, the definition of "at risk of pregnancy" varies across samples, and the way this variable was asked and calculated also changed over time; see Comparability. IPUMS Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child (grouped) Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child (grouped) Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child (grouped) Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child (grouped) Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child (grouped) 604) CHECK 223: NOT PREGNANT OR UNSURE: How long would you like to wait from now before (a/another) child? PREGNANT: How long would you like to wait after the birth of the child you are expecting before the birth of another child? MONTHS: ___ 1 (GO TO 610) YEARS: ___ 2 (GO TO 610) SOON/NOW 994 (GO TO 610) SHE SAYS SHE CAN'T GET PREGNANT 995 (GO TO 610) OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 996 DON'T KNOW 998 00 Less than 12 months 01 1 year 02 2 years 03 3 years 04 4 years 05 5 years 06 6 or more years 96 Non-numeric response 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who want to have a/another child, PREFTIMECHGP (V604) reports the amount of time, in years, they would like to wait before the birth of a/another child, top-coded at 6+ years. PREFTIMECHGP includes women who are either pregnant or at risk of pregnancy. However, the definition of "at risk of pregnancy" varies across samples; see Comparability. The related variable PREFTIMECH presents the same information in greater detail, in terms of months or years, top-coded at 20 years. IPUMS Desired age of youngest child at future birth Desired age of youngest child at future birth Desired age of youngest child at future birth Desired age of youngest child at future birth Desired age of youngest child at future birth 606) CHECK 223: NOT PREGNANT OR UNSURE: How old would you like your youngest child to be when your next child is born? PREGNANT: How old would you like the child you are expecting to be when your next child is born? AGE OF YOUNGEST CHILD IN YEARS: ___ (GO TO 610) DON'T KNOW 98 (GO TO 610) 01 1 year 02 2 years 03 3 years 04 4 years 05 5 years 06 6 years 07 7 years 08 8 years 09 9 years 10 10 years 11 11 years 12 12 years 13 13 years 14 14 years 15 15 years 16 16 years 17 17 years 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 18 18 years 19 19 years 20 20 years For women who want to have a (another) child, IDEALAGECH (V617) reports the ideal age of their youngest child at the time of a future birth. IPUMS Discussed number of children with partner Discussed number of children with partner Discussed number of children with partner Discussed number of children with partner Discussed number of children with partner 612) Have you talked to your husband about the number of children you'd like to have? YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FERTPREFTLKH (V620) indicates whether the woman and her husband/partner have discussed the number of children they would like to have. IPUMS Husband's desire for children Husband's desire for children Husband's desire for children Husband's desire for children Husband's desire for children 613) Do you think your husband/partner wants the same number of children that you want, or does he want more or fewer than you want? SAME NUMBER 1 MORE CHILDREN 2 FEWER CHILDREN 3 DON'T KNOW 8 01 Both want same 02 Husband wants more 03 Husband wants fewer 07 Don't Know 08 Missing 09 NIU (not in universe) 04 Both provided non-numeric response HUSFERTPREF (V621) reports whether the woman believes her partner wants the same number of children, more children, or fewer children than she wants. IPUMS Respondent approves of couples using FP Respondent approves of couples using FP Respondent approves of couples using FP Respondent approves of couples using FP Respondent approves of couples using FP 616) In general, do you approve or disapprove of couples using a method to avoid getting pregnant? APPROVE 1 DISAPPROVE 2 Disapproves 1 Approves 3 Depends 7 Don't know/Undecided 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPAPPROVE (V612) indicates whether the woman approves, in general, of the use of family planning to avoid a pregnancy. IPUMS Husband approves FP use Husband approves FP use Husband approves FP use Husband approves FP use Husband approves FP use 610) Do you think that your husband/partner approves or disapproves of couples using a method to avoid pregnancy? APPROVES 1 DISAPPROVES 2 DON'T KNOW 8 10 Disapproves 20 Approves or indifferent 21 Approves 22 Indifferent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) HUSPROFP (V610) indicates whether the woman believes her husband or male partner approves of couples using a family planning method to avoid pregnancy. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund 3 Infecund, menopausal 2 Amenorrheic 1 Pregnant Fecund 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) EXPOSURE1 (V623) is a constructed variable that draws upon responses to several questions to differentiate between pregnant women, postpartum amenorrheic women, menopausal or infecund women, and fecund women. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, these categories are actualized as follows: Pregnant women Postpartum amenorrheic women are those whose period has not returned since the last birth in the three/five years preceding the survey. Women are defined as being menopausal if they are not pregnant and not postpartum amenorrheic, are not currently using a contraceptive method, and have not had a period in the six months preceding the survey or report they are in menopause. Women are defined as being infecund if they are not menopausal and not postpartum amenorrheic and not pregnant, have had no birth in the five years preceding the survey, and either (Model "A" countries) have been continuously married and have not used contraception in the five years preceding the survey, or (Model "B" countries) have been married one time and first married five or more years before the survey and have never used contraception. Fecund women are all women not included in the preceding categories. IPUMS Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund (2nd def) Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund (2nd def) Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund (2nd def) Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund (2nd def) Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund (2nd def) Fecund 1 Pregnant 2 Amenorrheic 3 Infecund, menopausal 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) Like EXPOSURE1, EXPOSURE2 (V625) is a constructed variable that draws upon responses to several questions to distinguish between pregnant women, postpartum amenorrheic women, menopausal or infecund women, and fecund women. EXPOSURE2 uses a more liberal definition of infecundity than EXPOSURE1, however. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. The DHS Recode Manuals explain the differences between these two variables as follows: For Model "B" countries, it is only possible to say that a woman had been continuously married throughout the preceding five years if she was in her first union. This definition has been relaxed in V625 [EXPOSURE2], such that the respondent need only have been married at least five years ago, and not continuously married throughout the last five years. For Model "A" countries, there is no change to this part of the definition. [For EXPOSURE2] Two additional variables have been used to declare a woman infecund. If the respondent said that she cannot get pregnant when asked about preferences for additional children, or if she reported that she was menopausal or had a hysterectomy when giving the reason she was not currently using a contraceptive method, the respondent is coded as infecund. Model A countries and Model B countries are defined according to whether the country based its questionnaire on the Model A or Model B standard DHS questionnaire for DHS phases one through four. In general, the Model A questionnaire was designed for use in countries with high contraceptive prevalence. Nonetheless, countries with relatively low contraceptive prevalence sometimes modeled their own questionnaire on the Model A standard questionnaire. This was the case, for example, for the Kenyan samples for 1998 and 2003 and the Malawi samples for 2000 and 2004. IPUMS Know any type of FP method Know any type of FP method Know any type of FP method Know any type of FP method Know any type of FP method 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 00 Knows no method 10 Knows only traditional or folkloric method 11 Knows only folkloric method 12 Knows only traditional method 20 Knows modern method 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOTYP (V301) is a summary (recoded) variable indicating whether the woman knew any family planning method and, if so, whether she knew a modern method or only a traditional or folkloric method. In the DHS, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet) that vary across samples. IPUMS Know about Pill for FP Know about Pill for FP Know about Pill for FP Know about Pill for FP Know about Pill for FP 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOPILL (V304_01) indicates whether the woman knew about the Pill as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Know about IUD for FP Know about IUD for FP Know about IUD for FP Know about IUD for FP Know about IUD for FP 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOIUD (V304_02) indicates whether the woman knew about the IUD (intra-uterine device) as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. In probe questions, an IUD was often described as "a loop or coil placed inside them by a doctor or a nurse." IPUMS Know about injectable FP Know about injectable FP Know about injectable FP Know about injectable FP Know about injectable FP 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOINJ (V304_03) indicates whether the woman knew about injectables as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. For the probe question, injectables were typically defined as "an injection by a doctor or nurse, which stops them from becoming pregnant for several months." IPUMS Know about diaphragm for FP Know about diaphragm for FP Know about diaphragm for FP Know about diaphragm for FP Know about diaphragm for FP 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNODIA (V304_04) indicates whether the woman knew about the diaphragm or spermicides, such as a foam or jelly, as a method for family planning. Some phases combine diaphragm and spermicides in the response and some are separate; see Comparability. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Know about condom for FP Know about condom for FP Know about condom for FP Know about condom for FP Know about condom for FP 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOCON (V304_05) indicates whether the woman knew about male condoms as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Know about female sterilization for FP Know about female sterilization for FP Know about female sterilization for FP Know about female sterilization for FP Know about female sterilization for FP 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOFST (V304_06) indicates whether the woman knew about female sterilization as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Know about male sterilization for FP Know about male sterilization for FP Know about male sterilization for FP Know about male sterilization for FP Know about male sterilization for FP 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOMST (V304_07) indicates whether the woman knew about male sterilization as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Know about withdrawal for FP Know about withdrawal for FP Know about withdrawal for FP Know about withdrawal for FP Know about withdrawal for FP 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOWD (V304_09) indicates whether the woman knew about withdrawal as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Know about rhythm for FP Know about rhythm for FP Know about rhythm for FP Know about rhythm for FP Know about rhythm for FP 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 10 Yes 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 00 No 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNORHY (V304_08) indicates whether the woman knew about the rhythm method (periodic abstinence at the high-fertility part of the woman's menstrual cycle) as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Knows about charms or amulets as a method of family planning Knows about charms or amulets as a method of family planning Knows about charms or amulets as a method of family planning Knows about charms or amulets as a method of family planning Knows about charms or amulets as a method of family planning 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing FPKNOCHARM indicates whether the woman knew about using charms or amulets as a method for family planning. The complementary variable FPEVUSCHARM indicates whether the woman had ever used this method to delay or avoid a pregnancy. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Knows about religion as a method of family planning Knows about religion as a method of family planning Knows about religion as a method of family planning Knows about religion as a method of family planning Knows about religion as a method of family planning 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing FPKNORELIG indicates whether the woman knew about using religion, such as a religious holy person or holy book, to delay or avoid a pregnancy. The complementary variable FPEVUSRELIG indicates whether the woman had ever used religion to delay or avoid a pregnancy. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Knows about other contraceptive as a method of family planning Knows about other contraceptive as a method of family planning Knows about other contraceptive as a method of family planning Knows about other contraceptive as a method of family planning Knows about other contraceptive as a method of family planning 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOOM (V304_10) indicates whether the woman knew about any "other" method(s) as a method of family planning. The complementary variable FPEVUSOM indicates whether the woman had ever used any "other" method(s) to delay or avoid a pregnancy. The meaning of "other" in this case depends on the specific response categories included in a given sample. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Known source for FP Known source for FP Known source for FP Known source for FP Known source for FP 332) Do you know of a place where you can obtain a method of family planning? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 336) 0000 No one/did not consult source 1000 PUBLIC SECTOR 1100 Government hospital 1110 Referral/specialty hospital 1120 National/central hospital 1130 Regional/provincial hospital 1140 Urban hospital 1150 District/rural hospital 1151 District hospital 1152 Rural hospital 1160 University/teaching hospital 1161 University hospital 1162 Teaching hospital 1200 Government health center 1210 Referral health center 1220 Community health center 1230 Urban health center 1240 Rural health center 1250 Integrated health center 1260 Family welfare center 1270 Primary health center 1300 Government pharmacy/dispensary 1310 Government pharmacy 1320 Government dispensary 1400 Government maternity home 1410 Mother and child health (MCH) center 1420 Rural maternity clinic 1500 Government family planning clinic 1510 Stand-alone family planning clinic 1520 Mobile family planning clinic 1600 Government outreach 1610 Government health post 1611 Village health post 1620 Government mobile clinic 1630 Government health worker 1631 Fieldworker 1632 Community-based distribution agent (CBDA) 1633 Community/village health worker 1634 Health surveillance assistant (HSA) 1635 Paramedic 1636 Doctor 1637 Nurse 1900 Other public sector 1901 Camp 1902 Health box 1903 Health station/clinic 1904 Health office 1905 Community clinic 1906 Health insurance organization 1907 Curative care organization 1908 Parastatal health facility 1909 Female Community Health Volunteer Program (FCHV) of Nepal 2000 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR 2100 Private hospital/clinic 2110 Private hospital 2111 Referral/specialty hospital 2120 Private clinic 2200 Private doctor 2210 Qualified doctor 2220 Traditional doctor 2230 Doctor/birth attendant 2300 Private pharmacy/dispensary 2310 Private pharmacy 2320 Private dispensary 2400 Private family planning clinic 2500 Private outreach 2510 Private mobile clinic 2520 Private health worker 2521 Fieldworker 2522 Community-based distribution agent (CBDA) 2523 Nurse 2524 Paramedic 2526 Community/village health worker 2527 Midwife 2600 Private health center 2610 VCT center 2700 Private maternity home 2900 Other private medical sector 2901 Care room 2902 Tent 3000 NGO FACILITY 3100 NGO health facility 3110 Static clinic 3120 Satellite clinic 3130 Community-based outlet 3140 UN Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) 3150 International Rescue Committee (IRC) 3200 NGO health worker 3210 Depot holder 3220 Fieldworker 3300 Country-specific NGOs 3301 AMO Congo 3302 Egypt family planning association (EFPA) 3303 CSI project 3304 Family Guidance Association of Ethiopia (FGAE) 3305 BLM 3306 MACRO 3307 Marie Stopes 3308 Red Cross Society 3309 AFGA 3310 Family Planning Association of Nepal (FPAN) 3311 Institute for Family Health (IFH) 3900 Other NGO facility 4000 RELIGIOUS/MISSION 4100 Religious hospital/clinic 4110 Religious hospital 4111 Religious referral/specialty hospital 4112 Religious district hospital 4120 Religious clinic 4200 Religious health center/dispensary 4210 Religious health center 4211 Mosque health center 4212 Church health center 4220 Religious dispensary 4300 Religious mobile clinic 4400 Religious door-to-door 4900 Other religious 5000 OTHER 5100 Shop/market 5110 Shop 5111 General dealer 5112 Supermarket/tuck shop 5113 Service station 5120 Market 5130 Kiosk 5140 Gas station 5190 Other retail 5200 Relative/friend 5210 Partner 5300 Church/mosque/temple 5400 Bar/nightclub/hotel 5410 Bar/nightclub 5420 Hotel 5500 Other institutions 5510 Youth center 5520 Workplace 5521 Respondent's workplace 5522 Partner's workplace 5530 School 5600 Traditional practitioner 5610 Traditional birth attendant (TBA) 5620 Vaidya/hakim/homeopath 5700 Informal channels 5710 Drug vendor 9992 Not asked 9993 Non-user: Knows source 9994 Multiple responses given 9995 Other 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOANYSRC (V379) reports the source where the respondent knows contraceptives can be obtained. This variable is constructed from a series of questions. Because the questions used to construct this variable changed slightly across phases, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. The related variable FPKNOANYSRCS (V380) reports known sources for contraceptives, in standardized categories. IPUMS Known source for FP, standardized Known source for FP, standardized Known source for FP, standardized Known source for FP, standardized Known source for FP, standardized 332) Do you know of a place where you can obtain a method of family planning? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 336) 01 Government clinic/pharmacy 02 Government home/community delivery 03 NGO 04 Private clinic/delivery 05 Private pharmacy 06 Church, shop, friends 07 Other 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOANYSRCS (V380) reports the source from which the woman knows contraceptives can be obtained. This variable is constructed from a series of questions, and answers were recorded using standard responses and codes that are consistent across countries and phases. Because the questions used to construct this variable changed slightly across phases, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Current FP use by method type (folk, traditional, modern) Current FP use by method type (folk, traditional, modern) Current FP use by method type (folk, traditional, modern) Current FP use by method type (folk, traditional, modern) Current FP use by method type (folk, traditional, modern) 312) What method are you using? 312A) CIRCLE '06' FOR FEMALE STERILIZATION PILL 01 IUD 02 (GO TO 318) INJECTIONS 03 (GO TO 318) DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL 04 (GO TO 318) CONDOM 05 (GO TO 318) FEMALE STERILIZATION 06 (GO TO 318) MALE STERILIZATION 07(GO TO 318) PERIODIC ABSTINENCE 08 (GO TO 323) WITHDRAWAL 09 (GO TO 323) GRIS-GRIS 10 (GO TO 323) OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 11 (GO TO 323) 00 No method 10 Folkloric or traditional method 11 Folkloric method 12 Traditional method 20 Modern method 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPNOW (V313) indicates whether the woman is currently using a modern, traditional, or folkloric method of contraception. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. In the DHS, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. IPUMS Pattern of use of contraceptive method Pattern of use of contraceptive method Pattern of use of contraceptive method Pattern of use of contraceptive method Pattern of use of contraceptive method 311) Are you currently doing something or using a method to avoid pregnancy? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 326) 10 Currently using 20 Ever used, but not currently using 21 Used since last birth 22 Used before last birth 30 Never used 99 NIU (not in universe) FPUSPATRN (V361) reports the woman's pattern of contraceptive use by indicating whether she is currently using, has used in the past, or has never used contraception. IPUMS Current method of FP Current method of FP Current method of FP Current method of FP Current method of FP 312) What method are you using? 312A) CIRCLE '06' FOR FEMALE STERILIZATION PILL 01 IUD 02 (GO TO 318) INJECTIONS 03 (GO TO 318) DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL 04 (GO TO 318) CONDOM 05 (GO TO 318) FEMALE STERILIZATION 06 (GO TO 318) MALE STERILIZATION 07(GO TO 318) PERIODIC ABSTINENCE 08 (GO TO 323) WITHDRAWAL 09 (GO TO 323) GRIS-GRIS 10 (GO TO 323) OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 11 (GO TO 323) 000 Not using 100 MODERN METHODS 101 Pill 102 IUD 103 Norplant/Implants 104 Condom 105 Female Condom 106 Female Sterilization 107 Male Sterilization 110 Injections 111 Injection (3 monthly) 112 Injection (monthly) 120 Diaphragm/Foam/Jelly 121 Diaphragm 122 Diaphragm/Foam 123 Diaphragm/Jelly 124 Foam or Jelly 125 Foaming tablets 126 Vaginal methods 130 Lactational amenorrhea (LAM) 131 Prolonged breastfeeding 140 Emergency contraception 150 Other modern method 151 Contraceptive patch 200 TRADITIONAL METHODS 210 Abstinence or periodic abstinence 211 Periodic abstinence 212 Cycle Beads/Standard days method 213 Abstinence 214 Mucus method 215 Natural family planning, unspecified 220 Withdrawal 230 Other traditional/folkloric 231 Herbs/Plants 232 Gris-Gris/Amulet 233 Astrology 234 Strings 300 OTHER METHOD, UNSPECIFIED 301 Other specific method 1 302 Other specific method 2 303 Other specific method 3 304 Other specific method 4 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) FPMETHNOW (V312) reports the contraceptive method the woman is currently using. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. Answers are grouped under the broad categories of "modern methods," "traditional methods," and "other methods," each with a different first digit. Specific methods are distinguished by the second and third digits. See FPEVUSE for more information on broad categories of contraception. Closely related responses, such as various groupings of diaphragm/foam/jelly, share the first 2 digits in common, while the third digit distinguishes the exact response category. IPUMS Months of use of current family planning method Months of use of current family planning method Months of use of current family planning method Months of use of current family planning method Months of use of current family planning method 323) For how many months have you been using (CURRENT METHOD) continuously? IF LESS THAN A MONTH, RECORD '00'. MONTHS: ___ 8 YEARS OR MORE 96 000 0 months 001 1 month 002 2 months 003 3 months 004 4 months 005 5 months 006 6 months 007 7 months 008 8 months 009 9 months 010 10 months 011 11 months 012 12 months 013 13 months 014 14 months 015 15 months 016 16 months 017 17 months 018 18 months 019 19 months 020 20 months 021 21 months 022 22 months 023 23 months 024 24 months 025 25 months 026 26 months 027 27 months 028 28 months 029 29 months 030 30 months 031 31 months 032 32 months 033 33 months 034 34 months 035 35 months 036 36 months 037 37 months 038 38 months 039 39 months 040 40 months 041 41 months 042 42 months 043 43 months 044 44 months 045 45 months 046 46 months 047 47 months 048 48 months 049 49 months 050 50 months 051 51 months 052 52 months 053 53 months 054 54 months 055 55 months 056 56 months 057 57 months 058 58 months 059 59 months 060 60 months 061 61 months 062 62 months 063 63 months 064 64 months 065 65 months 066 66 months 067 67 months 068 68 months 069 69 months 070 70 months 071 71 months 072 72 months 073 73 months 074 74 months 075 75 months 076 76 months 077 77 months 078 78 months 079 79 months 080 80 months 081 81 months 082 82 months 083 83 months 084 84 months 085 85 months 086 86 months 087 87 months 088 88 months 089 89 months 090 90 months 091 91 months 092 92 months 093 93 months 094 94 months 095 95 months 096 96 or more months 995 All calendar years 996 Inconsistent response 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently using a contraceptive method, FPCURNOMO (V337) reports the number of months they have been continuously using their current method. Starting in Phase II, there are differences in the way these data are reported between Model "A" and Model "B" countries, due to the inclusion of a detailed calendar of events in the five years preceding the interview in Model "A" questionnaires. For Model "B" questionnaires, any response greater than 8 years is topcoded at "96." However, for Model "A" questionnaires, the maximum duration of use that could be recorded is the entire length of the calendar (i.e., 5 years). IPUMS Last source for FP for current users, detailed Last source for FP for current users, detailed Last source for FP for current users, detailed Last source for FP for current users, detailed Last source for FP for current users, detailed 318) CHECK 312: HE/SHE IS STERILIZED: Where did the sterilization take place? USES ANOTHER METHOD: Where did you obtain (METHOD) the last time? NAME OF PLACE: ___ PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL 11 MEDICAL CENTER 12 FAMILY HEALTH CENTER 13 MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER 14 DISPENSARY 15 MATERNITY WARD 16 PEOPLE'S PHARMACY 17 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE 21 CLINIC/HOSPITAL 22 PHARMACY 23 OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR RELATIVE 31 (GO TO 321) NEIGHBOR 32 (GO TO 321) OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 41(GO TO 321) DON'T KNOW 98 (GO TO 321) 6903 Community center 3306 Institute for Family Health (IFH) 3180 International Rescue Committee (IRC) 0000 NO ONE 1000 PUBLIC SECTOR 1100 Government hospital 1110 National hospital 1111 Referral/specialty hospital 1112 National/central hospital 1113 Military hospital 1114 Day hospital 1120 Provincial/regional hospital 1130 Urban hospital 1140 District/rural hospital 1141 District hospital 1142 Rural hospital 1150 Category I hospital 1160 Category II hospital 1170 University/teaching hospital 1171 University hospital 1172 Teaching hospital 1200 Government health center 1210 Referral health center 1220 Community health center 1230 Urban health center 1240 Rural health center 1250 Basic health center 1260 Integrated health center 1270 Primary health center 1280 Family welfare center 1300 Government family planning clinic 1310 Stand-alone family planning clinic 1320 Mobile family planning clinic 1330 Family planning clinic CBD 1400 Government outreach 1410 Government health post 1411 Village health post 1412 Sub-center 1413 Sub-health post 1420 Government mobile clinic 1421 Mobile PHC clinic 1430 Government health professional 1431 Doctor 1432 Nurse 1433 Paramedic 1440 Government health worker 1434 Community-based distributor (CBD) 1435 Health surveillance assistant (HSA) 1436 Male mobilizer 1437 Accredited social health activist (ASHA) 1438 Vaidya/hakim/homeopath 1450 Government outreach clinic 1451 Primary health care outreach clinic 1452 Satellite clinic/EPI outreach 1453 Community clinic 1454 Rural/municipal clinic 1460 Camp 1470 Household visit 1500 Government maternity home 1510 Maternal and child health (MCH) center 1520 Rural maternity 1530 Anganwadi/ICDS center 1600 Government pharmacy/dispensary 1610 Government pharmacy 1611 Community pharmacy 1620 Government dispensary 1900 Other public 1901 Clinic 1902 Curative care organization 1903 Health home 1904 Health office 1905 Health insurance organization 1906 Parastatal health facility 1907 Youth center 2000 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR 2100 Private hospital/clinic 2110 Private hospital 2111 Private specialty hospital 2112 Private district hospital 2113 Private university hospital 2120 Private clinic 2121 Private polyclinic 2122 Private clinic 2200 Private pharmacy/dispensary/drug store 2210 Private pharmacy 2220 Private dispensary 2230 Private chemist/drug store 2231 Private chemist 2232 Private drug store 2240 Private mobile drug vendor 2300 Private doctor's office 2310 Qualified doctor 2320 Traditional/unqualified doctor 2330 Private practice 2331 Private care room 2332 Private infirmiry 2400 Private outreach 2410 Private mobile clinic 2420 Private health worker 2421 Private field worker 2422 Private community/village health worker 2423 Private community-based distributor 2424 Private paramedic 2425 Private hakim/homeopath 2426 Private traditional healer 2427 Private traditional birth attendant (TBA) 2428 Private nurse 2500 Private health center 2600 Private family planning clinic 2610 Injectables outlet 2700 Private maternity home 2900 Other private medical 2901 Tent 2902 VCT center 3000 NGO SECTOR 3100 NGO health facility 3110 Static clinic 3120 Satellite clinic 3130 Marie Stopes facility 3131 Banja la Mtsogolo (BLM) 3140 Red Cross facility 3150 UN Relief and Works Agency facility 3160 Adventist Development and Relief Agency (ADRA) 3170 Population Services International (PSI) 3200 NGO health worker 3210 Depot holder 3220 Field worker 3230 Community-based distributor 3300 Country-specific NGO 3301 Amo-Congo 3302 Clinical Services Improvement (CSI) 3303 Malawi AIDS Counselling and Resource Organization (MACRO) 3304 Myanmar Medical Association (MMA) 3305 United Mission to Nepal (UMN) 3900 Other NGO 4000 RELIGIOUS/MISSION 4100 Religious hospital/clinic 4110 Religious hospital 4111 Religious referral/specialty hospital 4112 Religious district hospital 4120 Religious clinic 4200 Religious health center/dispensary 4210 Religious health center 4211 Mosque health center 4212 Church health center 4220 Religious dispensary 4300 Religious outreach 4310 Religious health post 4320 Religious mobile clinic 4330 Religious health worker 4331 Religious field worker 4900 Other religious 5000 UNSPECIFIED MEDICAL SECTOR 5100 Pharmacy/dispensary 5110 Pharmacy 5120 Dispensary 5200 Outreach 5210 Mobile clinic 5220 Health worker 5221 Field worker 5222 Traditional healer 5223 Health educator 5224 Peer educators 5230 Outreach clinic 5900 Other unspecified medical sector 5901 Media campaign 6000 OTHER 6100 Shop/market 6110 Shop 6111 General dealer 6112 Supermarket/tuck shop 6113 Supermarket 6114 Tuck shop 6120 Market 6130 Kiosk 6140 Gas station 6150 Other retail 6200 Church/mosque 6300 Friend/relative 6310 Friend 6320 Relative 6321 Partner 6400 Bar/nightclub/hotel 6410 Bar/nightclub 6411 Bar 6420 Hotel 6500 Workplace 6510 Respondent's workplace 6520 Partner's workplace 6600 Informal channels 6610 Drug vendor 6620 Support group 6630 Women's sittings 6700 Location for adolescents 6710 Youth center 6720 School 6900 Other facility 6901 Refugee camp 6902 Charity/foundation 9994 Abroad 9995 Other 9996 Inconsistent 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently using a modern method of contraception, FPLASTSRCD (V326) reports the type of facility that was the source of the last contraceptive method used by the woman. Response categories vary across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Last source for FP for current users, standardized Last source for FP for current users, standardized Last source for FP for current users, standardized Last source for FP for current users, standardized Last source for FP for current users, standardized 318) CHECK 312: HE/SHE IS STERILIZED: Where did the sterilization take place? USES ANOTHER METHOD: Where did you obtain (METHOD) the last time? NAME OF PLACE: ___ PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL 11 MEDICAL CENTER 12 FAMILY HEALTH CENTER 13 MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER 14 DISPENSARY 15 MATERNITY WARD 16 PEOPLE'S PHARMACY 17 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE 21 CLINIC/HOSPITAL 22 PHARMACY 23 OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR RELATIVE 31 (GO TO 321) NEIGHBOR 32 (GO TO 321) OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 41(GO TO 321) DON'T KNOW 98 (GO TO 321) 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Missing 97 Don't know 07 Other 06 Church, Shop, friends, books 05 Private Pharmacy 04 Private Clin/Deliv 03 NGO 02 Govt Home/Comm delivery 01 Govt Clinic/Pharm For women using a modern method of contraception, FPLASTSRCS (V327) reports the type of facility that was the source of the last contraceptive method used by the woman. This variable was constructed by recoding country-specific responses into a few standard categories that are consistent across samples. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Easy or difficult to get to FP source Easy or difficult to get to FP source Easy or difficult to get to FP source Easy or difficult to get to FP source Easy or difficult to get to FP source 335) Is it easy or difficult to get there? EASY 1 DIFFICULT 2 1 Easy 2 Difficult 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (Not in universe) For women who know of a source where family planning can be obtained, FPSRCEASE (V383) indicates whether it is easy or difficult to get there. IPUMS Time to get to FP source Time to get to FP source Time to get to FP source Time to get to FP source Time to get to FP source 334) How long does it take to travel to your home to this place? IF LESS THAN 2 HOURS, RECORD MINUTES. OTHERWISE, RECORD HOURS. MINUTES: ___ 1 HOURS: ___ 2 DON'T KNOW 9998 1000 Less than 1 minute 1001 1 minute 1002 2 minutes 1003 3 minutes 1004 4 minutes 1005 5 minutes 1006 6 minutes 1007 7 minutes 1008 8 minutes 1009 9 minutes 1010 10 minutes 1011 11 minutes 1012 12 minutes 1013 13 minutes 1014 14 minutes 1015 15 minutes 1016 16 minutes 1017 17 minutes 1018 18 minutes 1019 19 minutes 1020 20 minutes 1021 21 minutes 1022 22 minutes 1023 23 minutes 1024 24 minutes 1025 25 minutes 1026 26 minutes 1027 27 minutes 1028 28 minutes 1029 29 minutes 1030 30 minutes 1031 31 minutes 1032 32 minutes 1033 33 minutes 1034 34 minutes 1035 35 minutes 1036 36 minutes 1037 37 minutes 1038 38 minutes 1039 39 minutes 1040 40 minutes 1041 41 minutes 1042 42 minutes 1043 43 minutes 1044 44 minutes 1045 45 minutes 1046 46 minutes 1047 47 minutes 1048 48 minutes 1049 49 minutes 1050 50 minutes 1051 51 minutes 1052 52 minutes 1053 53 minutes 1054 54 minutes 1055 55 minutes 1056 56 minutes 1057 57 minutes 1058 58 minutes 1059 59 minutes 1060 60 minutes 1061 61 minutes 1062 62 minutes 1063 63 minutes 1064 64 minutes 1065 65 minutes 1066 66 minutes 1067 67 minutes 1068 68 minutes 1069 69 minutes 1070 70 minutes 1071 71 minutes 1072 72 minutes 1073 73 minutes 1074 74 minutes 1075 75 minutes 1076 76 minutes 1077 77 minutes 1078 78 minutes 1079 79 minutes 1080 80 minutes 1081 81 minutes 1082 82 minutes 1083 83 minutes 1084 84 minutes 1085 85 minutes 1086 86 minutes 1087 87 minutes 1088 88 minutes 1089 89 minutes 1090 90 minutes 1091 91 minutes 1092 92 minutes 1093 93 minutes 1094 94 minutes 1095 95 minutes 1096 96 minutes 1097 97 minutes 1098 98 minutes 1099 99 minutes 1100 100 minutes 1101 101 minutes 1102 102 minutes 1103 103 minutes 1104 104 minutes 1105 105 minutes 1106 106 minutes 1107 107 minutes 1108 108 minutes 1109 109 minutes 1110 110 minutes 1111 111 minutes 1112 112 minutes 1113 113 minutes 1114 114 minutes 1115 115 minutes 1116 116 minutes 1117 117 minutes 1118 118 minutes 1119 119 minutes 1120 120 minutes 1121 121 minutes 1122 122 minutes 1123 123 minutes 1124 124 minutes 1125 125 minutes 1126 126 minutes 1127 127 minutes 1128 128 minutes 1129 129 minutes 1130 130 minutes 1131 131 minutes 1132 132 minutes 1133 133 minutes 1134 134 minutes 1135 135 minutes 1136 136 minutes 1137 137 minutes 1138 138 minutes 1139 139 minutes 1140 140 minutes 1141 141 minutes 1142 142 minutes 1143 143 minutes 1144 144 minutes 1145 145 minutes 1146 146 minutes 1147 147 minutes 1148 148 minutes 1149 149 minutes 1150 150 minutes 1151 151 minutes 1152 152 minutes 1153 153 minutes 1154 154 minutes 1155 155 minutes 1156 156 minutes 1157 157 minutes 1158 158 minutes 1159 159 minutes 1160 160 minutes 1161 161 minutes 1162 162 minutes 1163 163 minutes 1164 164 minutes 1165 165 minutes 1166 166 minutes 1167 167 minutes 1168 168 minutes 1169 169 minutes 1170 170 minutes 1171 171 minutes 1172 172 minutes 1173 173 minutes 1174 174 minutes 1175 175 minutes 1176 176 minutes 1177 177 minutes 1178 178 minutes 1179 179 minutes 1180 180 minutes 1181 181 minutes 1182 182 minutes 1183 183 minutes 1184 184 minutes 1185 185 minutes 1186 186 minutes 1187 187 minutes 1188 188 minutes 1189 189 minutes 1190 190 minutes 1191 191 minutes 1192 192 minutes 1193 193 minutes 1194 194 minutes 1195 195 minutes 1196 196 minutes 1197 197 minutes 1198 198 minutes 1199 199 minutes 1200 200 or more minutes 1999 Minutes, number missing 2000 Less than 1 hour 2001 1 hour 2002 2 hours 2003 3 hours 2004 4 hours 2005 5 hours 2006 6 hours 2007 7 hours 2008 8 hours 2009 9 hours 2010 10 hours 2011 11 hours 2012 12 hours 2013 13 hours 2014 14 hours 2015 15 hours 2016 16 hours 2017 17 hours 2018 18 hours 2019 19 hours 2020 20 hours 2021 21 hours 2022 22 hours 2023 23 hours 2024 24 hours 2025 25 hours 2026 26 hours 2027 27 hours 2028 28 hours 2029 29 hours 2030 30 hours 2031 31 hours 2032 32 hours 2033 33 hours 2034 34 hours 2035 35 hours 2036 36 hours 2037 37 hours 2038 38 hours 2039 39 hours 2040 40 hours 2041 41 hours 2042 42 hours 2043 43 hours 2044 44 hours 2045 45 hours 2046 46 hours 2047 47 hours 2048 48 hours 2049 49 hours 2050 50 hours 2051 51 hours 2052 52 hours 2053 53 hours 2054 54 hours 2055 55 hours 2056 56 hours 2057 57 hours 2058 58 hours 2059 59 hours 2060 60 hours 2061 61 hours 2062 62 hours 2063 63 hours 2064 64 hours 2065 65 hours 2066 66 hours 2067 67 hours 2068 68 hours 2069 69 hours 2070 70 hours 2071 71 hours 2072 72 hours 2073 73 hours 2074 74 hours 2075 75 hours 2076 76 hours 2077 77 hours 2078 78 hours 2079 79 hours 2080 80 hours 2081 81 hours 2082 82 hours 2083 83 hours 2084 84 hours 2085 85 hours 2086 86 hours 2087 87 hours 2088 88 hours 2089 89 hours 2090 90 hours 2091 91 hours 2092 92 hours 2093 93 hours 2094 94 hours 2095 95 hours 2096 96 hours 2097 97 hours 2098 98 hours 2099 99 hours 2100 100 hours or more 2999 Hours, number missing 3001 1 day 3002 2 days 3003 3 days 3004 4 days 3005 5 days 3999 Days, number missing 9995 Source comes to respondent 9996 No source known 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (Not in universe) For women who know of a source where contraception can be obtained, FPSRCTIME (V381) reports the amount of time it takes them to get there in minutes, hours, or days. The complementary variable FPSRCTIMEGP also reports the amount of time to get to the source of family planning, but that variable is top-coded at 120+ minutes. IPUMS Time to get to FP source (grouped) Time to get to FP source (grouped) Time to get to FP source (grouped) Time to get to FP source (grouped) Time to get to FP source (grouped) 334) How long does it take to travel to your home to this place? IF LESS THAN 2 HOURS, RECORD MINUTES. OTHERWISE, RECORD HOURS. MINUTES: ___ 1 HOURS: ___ 2 DON'T KNOW 9998 00 Mobile source 01 0 - 14 minutes 02 15 - 29 minutes 03 30 - 59 minutes 04 60 - 89 minutes 05 90 - 119 minutes 06 120 or more minutes 96 Don't know time 97 Don't know source 98 Missing 99 NIU (Not in universe) Like FPSRCTIME, for women who know of a source where contraception can be obtained, FPSRCTIMEGP (V382) reports the amount of time it takes to get to there, but the latter variable uses grouped intervals and is top-coded at 120+ minutes. IPUMS Cost of Pills Cost of Pills Cost of Pills Cost of Pills Cost of Pills 317) How much does one packet of pills cost you? RECORD PRICE. 317A) For how many cycles have you used this packet of pills? RECORD NUMBER OF CYCLES. COST: ___ FREE 9996 DON'T KNOW 9998 NUMBER OF CYCLES: ___ 000000 Free 999997 Don't know 999998 Missing 999999 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently using the Pill, FPPILLCOST (V325) reports the cost of a cycle of pills. IPUMS Brand of Pills currently used Brand of Pills currently used Brand of Pills currently used Brand of Pills currently used Brand of Pills currently used 316) Do you know the brand name of the pills that you are now using? STEDIRIL 01 MINIDRIL 02 MILLI ANOVLAR 03 EUGYNON 04 ADEPAL 05 MINIPHASE 06 LO-FEMENAL 07 EUGYNON 08 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 09 DON'T KNOW 98 4203 Emkit 3112 Triella 2215 TriNovum 2114 Stediril 1241 Rigevidon 1240 Brevinor 1239 Lusiaf 1129 Yasmin 1128 Triquilar 1127 Trinordial 2113 " 1242 NewFem 1000 LOW-DOSE PILLS 1100 International brands 1101 Adepal 1102 Choice 1103 Cilest 1104 Combination-3 1105 Confidence 1106 Diane 1107 Duofem 1108 Eugynon 1109 Famila 28 1110 Femicon 1111 Gracial 1112 Lo-femenal 1113 Logynon 1114 Marvelon 1115 Microgynon 1116 Minidril 1117 Miniphase 1118 Nordette 1119 Norminest 1120 Norquest 1121 Novodol 1122 Oralcon F 1123 Ortho-Novum 1124 Pilplan 1125 Planif 1126 Planyl 1200 Country-specific brands 1201 Nogestol 1202 Desolon 1203 Femipill 1204 Maya 1205 Noret-28 1206 Ovacon 1207 Shuki 1208 Harmonie (PSI) 1209 Varnoline 1210 Microcept 1211 Microvlar 1212 Triocept 1213 Trivolar 1214 Style/Trigestrel 1215 Secure 1216 Microlite 1217 Apsara 1218 Ecroz 1219 Mala-D 1220 Mala-N 1221 Novelon 1222 Ovral L 1223 Pearl 1224 Anteovin 1225 Belara 1226 Gracial 1227 Loestrin 1228 Mawelon 1229 Norimin 1230 Femiplan 1231 Conova 30 1232 Trigynon 1233 OK pills 1234 Sure 1235 Feminyl 1236 Nilocon White 1237 Sunaulo Gulaf 1900 Unspecified low-dose pills 2000 HIGH-DOSE PILLS 2100 International brands 2101 Anovlar 2102 Gynovlar 2103 Lyndiol 2104 Microgynon 30 ED 2105 Milli Anovlar 2106 Neogynon 2107 Neogynon ED 2108 Nordiol 2109 Norquentiel 2110 Ovidon 2111 Ovral 2112 Ovulen 50 2200 Country-specific brands 2201 Combination-5 2202 Lynes 2203 Ovostat 2204 Regumen 2205 Novell-duo 2206 Gynera 2207 Primovlar 2208 Duoluton-L 2209 Ovral G 2210 Progyluton 2211 Gynovlane 2212 Ovanon 2213 Ovidon 2214 Triphasit 2900 Unspecified high-dose pill 3000 PROGESTIN-ONLY PILLS 3100 International brands 3101 Exluton/Lynestrenol 3102 Femulen 3103 Microlut 3104 Micronor 3105 Micronovum 3106 Microval 3107 " 3108 Minovlar 3109 Noriday 3110 Ovrette 3111 Safe Plan 3200 Country-specific brands 3201 Bredicon 3202 Minicon 3203 Levonor 3204 Hyan 3205 I-plan 3206 Primolut N 3207 Cerazette 3208 Planor 3209 Softsure 4000 EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION 4100 International brands 4200 Country-specific brands 4201 Gravistal 4202 Postinor 4900 Unspecified emergency contraception 5000 NON-HORMONAL PILLS 5100 International brands 5200 Country-specific brands 5201 Centron 5202 Saheli 6000 UNSPECIFIED/UNKNOWN PILLS 6100 International brands 6101 Today (sponge) 6200 Country-specific brands 6201 Khoshi 6202 Aco 6203 Cotrablan 6204 Microvior 30 6205 Stero 6206 Blue 6207 Hot 6208 Kamal (foam) 6209 N/M tablets 6210 Nofian 6211 Period oil 6212 Sacharin 6213 Skill 6214 Moti 6215 Subitha 6216 Fingers 6217 Sutura 6218 Menstrogen (injection) 6219 Norvolain 6220 Flexi P 6221 Marutton 6900 Other unspecified/unknown pills 6901 Unspecified private brand 6902 Unspecified public brand 6903 Unspecified social marketing brand 9995 Other 9996 Not able to show 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently using the Pill, FPPILLBRAND (V323) reports the brand name of the Pill that the respondent currently uses. IPUMS Shown pill package Shown pill package Shown pill package Shown pill package Shown pill package 315) May I see the package of pills you are using now? STEDIRIL 01 (GO TO 317) MINIDRIL 02 (GO TO 317) MILLI ANOVLAR 03 (GO TO 317) EUGYNON 04 (GO TO 317) ADEPAL 05 (GO TO 317) MINIPHASE 06 (GO TO 317) LO-FEMENAL 07 (GO TO 317) EUGYNON 08 (GO TO 317) OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 09 (GO TO 317) BOX NOT SHOWN 10 Package not seen 1 Package seen 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently using the Pill as a method of family planning, FPPILLPACK (V372) indicates whether the package of pills currently being used was seen by the interviewer. IPUMS Saw doctor or nurse last time got Pill Saw doctor or nurse last time got Pill Saw doctor or nurse last time got Pill Saw doctor or nurse last time got Pill Saw doctor or nurse last time got Pill 314) At the time you last got pills, did you consult a doctor or midwife? YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPLPILSAWDR (V374) indicates whether the woman consulted a doctor or other trained medical personnel when she last got a supply of the Pill. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Number living children at first use of FP (grouped) Number living children at first use of FP (grouped) Number living children at first use of FP (grouped) Number living children at first use of FP (grouped) Number living children at first use of FP (grouped) 308) Now I would like to speak to you about the time when you first did something or used a method to avoid getting pregnant. How many children did you have at that time? IF NONE, RECORD '00'. NUMBER OF CHILDREN: ___ 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4+ 7 Inconsistent number reported 8 Missing 9 Never used FP FP1STUSGPKID (V311) reports the number of living children, if any, the woman had when she first used a contraceptive method, with the number top-coded at 4+ children. FP1STUSLVKID reports responses to the same question, without top-coding the answers. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Number living children at first use of FP Number living children at first use of FP Number living children at first use of FP Number living children at first use of FP Number living children at first use of FP 308) Now I would like to speak to you about the time when you first did something or used a method to avoid getting pregnant. How many children did you have at that time? IF NONE, RECORD '00'. NUMBER OF CHILDREN: ___ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 96 Inconsistent 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FP1STUSLVKID (V310) reports the number of living children the woman had the first time she used a contraceptive method. The same information is also reported in FP1STUSGPKID, except responses are top-coded at 4+ children in that variable and women who have never used contraception are coded as "9." IPUMS Saw doctor or nurse for first use of Pill Saw doctor or nurse for first use of Pill Saw doctor or nurse for first use of Pill Saw doctor or nurse for first use of Pill Saw doctor or nurse for first use of Pill 313 At the time you first started using the pill, did you consult a doctor or a midwife? YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes No FP1PILSAWDR (V373) indicates whether the woman consulted a doctor or other trained medical personnel when she first started using the Pill. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS FP current use or future intention FP current use or future intention FP current use or future intention FP current use or future intention FP current use or future intention 1 Using modern method 2 Using traditional method 3 Non-user intending to use 4 Does not intend to use 9 NIU (not in universe) 5 Never had sex FPUSINTENT (V364) is a constructed variable drawing on responses to multiple survey questions that divides women into the following categories: those who are currently using a contraceptive method (either modern or traditional); those who are not now using contraception but intend to do so in the future; those who are neither using contraception now nor intend to do so in the future; and (in a minority of samples) those who never had sex. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review FPMETHNOW and FPUSPLAN for additional information on the variables used to construct FPUSINTENT. IPUMS Intention to use FP in future Intention to use FP in future Intention to use FP in future Intention to use FP in future Intention to use FP in future 326) Do you intend to use a method to avoid getting pregnant in the future? YES 1 (GO TO 328) NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 (GO TO 332) 10 Will use in future 11 Use in next 12 months 12 Use later 20 Unsure about future use 21 Unsure about timing 22 Unsure about use 30 Does not intend to use 40 Never had sex 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPUSPLAN (V362) is a constructed variable based on multiple survey questions that reports, for women not currently using contraception, whether the woman intends to use contraception in the future and, if so, when she intends to begin use (in the next 12 months or later). Women uncertain about future contraceptive use are subdivided into those who are unsure about using a method and those unsure about the timing of planned future use. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Preferred future FP method Preferred future FP method Preferred future FP method Preferred future FP method Preferred future FP method 329) When you eventually do use a method, which method would you prefer to use? PILL 01 IUD 02 INJECTIONS 03 DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL 04 CONDOM 05 FEMALE STERILIZATION 06 MALE STERILIZATION 07 PERIODIC ABSTINENCE 08 (GO TO 332) WITHDRAWAL 09 (GO TO 332) GRIS-GRIS 10 (GO TO 332) OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 11 (GO TO 332) UNSURE 98 (GO TO 332) 999 NIU (not in universe) 998 Missing 997 Inconsistent 304 Specific method 4 303 Specific method 3 302 Specific method 2 301 Specific method 1 300 Other method, unspecified 234 Traditional medications 233 Astrology 232 Gris-gris/amulet 231 Herbs 230 Other traditional/folkloric 220 Withdrawal 212 Abstinence 211 Periodic abstinence 210 Abstinence or periodic abstinence 200 TRADITIONAL METHODS 160 Whatever doctor prescribes 150 Other modern methods 140 Emergency contraception 131 Prolonged breastfeeding 130 Lactational amenorrhea (LAM) 126 Vaginal methods 125 Foaming tablets 124 Foam or jelly 123 Diaphragm/Jelly 122 Diaphragm/Foam 121 Diaphragm 120 Diaphragm/Foam/Jelly 108 Male sterilization 107 Female sterilization 106 Female condom 105 Condom 104 Norplant/implants 103 Injections 102 IUD 101 Pill 100 MODERN METHODS 213 CycleBeads/Standard days method 214 Mucus method (periodic abstinence) 235 Knotted cord/strings 236 Charm from traditional spiritual leader 996 Don't know For women not currently using a contraceptive method but intending to do so in the future, FPMETHFUTR (V363) reports the family planning method the woman would prefer to use. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. Answers are grouped under the broad categories of "modern methods," "traditional methods," and "other methods," each with a different first digit. Specific methods are distinguished by the second and third digits. Closely related responses, such as various groupings of diaphragm/foam/jelly, share the first 2 digits in common, while the third digit distinguishes the exact response category. IPUMS The source of the preferred method is the source the respondent believes the preferred method is available. The source of the preferred method is the source the respondent believes the preferred method is available. The source of the preferred method is the source the respondent believes the preferred method is available. The source of the preferred method is the source the respondent believes the preferred method is available. The source of the preferred method is the source the respondent believes the preferred method is available. 330) Where can you get (METHOD MENTIONED IN 329)? NAME OF PLACE: ___ PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL 11 (GO TO 334) MEDICAL CENTER 12(GO TO 334) FAMILY HEALTH CENTER 13(GO TO 334) MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER 14 (GO TO 334) DISPENSARY 15 (GO TO 334) MATERNITY WARD 16 (GO TO 334) PEOPLE'S PHARMACY 17 (GO TO 334) PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE 21 (GO TO 334) CLINIC/HOSPITAL 22 (GO TO 334) PHARMACY 23 (GO TO 334) OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR RELATIVE 31 (GO TO 336) NEIGHBOR 32 (GO TO 336) OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 41(GO TO 336) DON'T KNOW 98 (GO TO 332) 1000 PUBLIC SECTOR 1100 Government hospital 1110 Referral/specialty hospital 1120 Regional/provincial hospital 1130 Urban hospital 1140 District hospital 1150 Rural hospital 1160 Teaching hospital 1200 Government health center 1210 Urban health center 1220 Rural health center 1230 Family welfare center 1240 Primary health center 1300 Government family planning clinic 1400 Government pharmacy/dispensary 1410 Government pharmacy 1420 Government dispensary 1500 Government maternity home 1510 Maternal and child health (MCH) center 1600 Government outreach 1610 Government health post 1620 Government mobile clinic 1630 Government health worker 1631 Fieldworker 1632 Paramedic 1633 Doctor 1634 Community/village health worker 1900 Other public sector 1901 Health insurance organization 1902 Curative care organization 1903 Parastatal health facility 2000 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR 2100 Private hospital/clinic 2110 Private hospital 2120 Private clinic 2200 Private doctor 2210 Doctor/birth attendant 2300 Private pharmacy/dispensary 2310 Private pharmacy 2320 Private dispensary 2400 Private health center 2500 Private family planning clinic 2600 Private maternity home 2700 Private outreach 2710 Private mobile clinic 2720 Private health worker 2721 Nurse 2722 Fieldworker 2723 Community-based distribution agent (CBDA) 2900 Other private medical sector 3000 NGO FACILITY 3100 NGO health facility 3200 Country-specific NGOs 3201 CSI project 4000 RELIGIOUS/MISSION 4100 Religious hospital/clinic 4110 Religious hospital 4200 Religious dispensary 4300 Religious health center 4310 Mosque health center 4320 Church health center 5000 OTHER 5100 Relative/friend 5200 Shop 5300 Church 5400 Traditional birth attendant 5500 Workplace 9995 Other 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using contraception but intend to use a modern method in the future, FPSRCFUTR (V377) reports the intended source for their preferred future method. The related variable FPSRCFUTRS (V378) reports the intended source for their preferred future method, in standardized response categories. IPUMS Source of preferred future FP method, standardized Source of preferred future FP method, standardized Source of preferred future FP method, standardized Source of preferred future FP method, standardized Source of preferred future FP method, standardized 330) Where can you get (METHOD MENTIONED IN 329)? NAME OF PLACE: ___ PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL 11 (GO TO 334) MEDICAL CENTER 12(GO TO 334) FAMILY HEALTH CENTER 13(GO TO 334) MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER 14 (GO TO 334) DISPENSARY 15 (GO TO 334) MATERNITY WARD 16 (GO TO 334) PEOPLE'S PHARMACY 17 (GO TO 334) PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE 21 (GO TO 334) CLINIC/HOSPITAL 22 (GO TO 334) PHARMACY 23 (GO TO 334) OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR RELATIVE 31 (GO TO 336) NEIGHBOR 32 (GO TO 336) OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 41(GO TO 336) DON'T KNOW 98 (GO TO 332) 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Missing 97 Don't know 07 Other 06 Shop, church, friend, books 05 Private Pharmacy 04 Private Clin/Deliv 03 NGO 02 Got Home/Comm delivery 01 Govt Clinical/Pharm For women who plan to use a modern contraceptive method in the future, FPSRCFUTRS (V378) reports the intended source for their preferred future method. This variable was constructed by recoding country-specific responses into standard categories that are consistent across samples. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Ever use any type of FP (folk, traditional, modern) Ever use any type of FP (folk, traditional, modern) Ever use any type of FP (folk, traditional, modern) Ever use any type of FP (folk, traditional, modern) Ever use any type of FP (folk, traditional, modern) 303) Have you ever used (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM Have you ever had a partner who used a condom? YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Have you had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Have you ever had a partner who had an operation to avoid having more children? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE YES 1 NO 2 09. WITHDRAWAL YES 1 NO 2 10. GRIS-GRIS YES 1 NO 2 11. OTHER METHODS YES 1 NO 2 YES 1 NO 2 00 Never used 10 Used only traditional or folkloric method 11 Used only traditional method 12 Used only folkloric method 20 Used modern method FPEVUSE (V302) is a constructed variable that reports whether the woman had ever used a family planning method and, if so, whether she had used a modern contraceptive method or only a traditional or folkloric method. In the DHS, modern methods are pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. IPUMS Ever use Pill for FP Ever use Pill for FP Ever use Pill for FP Ever use Pill for FP Ever use Pill for FP 303) Have you ever used (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM Have you ever had a partner who used a condom? YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Have you had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Have you ever had a partner who had an operation to avoid having more children? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE YES 1 NO 2 09. WITHDRAWAL YES 1 NO 2 10. GRIS-GRIS YES 1 NO 2 11. OTHER METHODS YES 1 NO 2 YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPEVUSPILL (V305_01) indicates whether the woman has ever used the pill to delay or avoid a pregnancy. IPUMS Ever use IUD for FP Ever use IUD for FP Ever use IUD for FP Ever use IUD for FP Ever use IUD for FP 303) Have you ever used (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM Have you ever had a partner who used a condom? YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Have you had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Have you ever had a partner who had an operation to avoid having more children? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE YES 1 NO 2 09. WITHDRAWAL YES 1 NO 2 10. GRIS-GRIS YES 1 NO 2 11. OTHER METHODS YES 1 NO 2 YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPEVUSIUD (V305_02) indicates whether the woman had ever used an IUD to delay or avoid a pregnancy. IPUMS Ever use injectable for FP Ever use injectable for FP Ever use injectable for FP Ever use injectable for FP Ever use injectable for FP 303) Have you ever used (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM Have you ever had a partner who used a condom? YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Have you had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Have you ever had a partner who had an operation to avoid having more children? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE YES 1 NO 2 09. WITHDRAWAL YES 1 NO 2 10. GRIS-GRIS YES 1 NO 2 11. OTHER METHODS YES 1 NO 2 YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPEVUSINJ (V305_03) indicates whether the woman has ever used injectable contraception to delay or avoid a pregnancy. IPUMS Ever use diaphragm for FP Ever use diaphragm for FP Ever use diaphragm for FP Ever use diaphragm for FP Ever use diaphragm for FP 303) Have you ever used (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM Have you ever had a partner who used a condom? YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Have you had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Have you ever had a partner who had an operation to avoid having more children? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE YES 1 NO 2 09. WITHDRAWAL YES 1 NO 2 10. GRIS-GRIS YES 1 NO 2 11. OTHER METHODS YES 1 NO 2 YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPEVUSDIA (V305_04) indicates whether the woman had ever used the diaphragm (sometimes explicitly in conjunction with foam or jelly) to delay or avoid a pregnancy. See Comparability. IPUMS Ever use condom for FP Ever use condom for FP Ever use condom for FP Ever use condom for FP Ever use condom for FP 303) Have you ever used (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM Have you ever had a partner who used a condom? YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Have you had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Have you ever had a partner who had an operation to avoid having more children? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE YES 1 NO 2 09. WITHDRAWAL YES 1 NO 2 10. GRIS-GRIS YES 1 NO 2 11. OTHER METHODS YES 1 NO 2 YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPEVUSCON (V305_05) indicates whether the woman had ever used the male condom to delay or avoid a pregnancy. IPUMS Ever use female sterilization for FP Ever use female sterilization for FP Ever use female sterilization for FP Ever use female sterilization for FP Ever use female sterilization for FP 303) Have you ever used (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM Have you ever had a partner who used a condom? YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Have you had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Have you ever had a partner who had an operation to avoid having more children? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE YES 1 NO 2 09. WITHDRAWAL YES 1 NO 2 10. GRIS-GRIS YES 1 NO 2 11. OTHER METHODS YES 1 NO 2 YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPEVUSFST (V305_06) indicates whether the woman had ever used female sterilization to delay or avoid a pregnancy. IPUMS Ever use withdrawal for FP Ever use withdrawal for FP Ever use withdrawal for FP Ever use withdrawal for FP Ever use withdrawal for FP 303) Have you ever used (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM Have you ever had a partner who used a condom? YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Have you had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Have you ever had a partner who had an operation to avoid having more children? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE YES 1 NO 2 09. WITHDRAWAL YES 1 NO 2 10. GRIS-GRIS YES 1 NO 2 11. OTHER METHODS YES 1 NO 2 YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPEVUSWD (V305_09) indicates whether the woman has ever used withdrawal to delay or avoid a pregnancy. IPUMS Ever use rhythm for FP Ever use rhythm for FP Ever use rhythm for FP Ever use rhythm for FP Ever use rhythm for FP 303) Have you ever used (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM Have you ever had a partner who used a condom? YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Have you had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Have you ever had a partner who had an operation to avoid having more children? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE YES 1 NO 2 09. WITHDRAWAL YES 1 NO 2 10. GRIS-GRIS YES 1 NO 2 11. OTHER METHODS YES 1 NO 2 YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPEVUSRHY (V305_08) indicates whether the woman had ever used rhythm (periodic abstinence) to delay or avoid a pregnancy. IPUMS Ever use male sterilization for FP Ever use male sterilization for FP Ever use male sterilization for FP Ever use male sterilization for FP Ever use male sterilization for FP 303) Have you ever used (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM Have you ever had a partner who used a condom? YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Have you had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Have you ever had a partner who had an operation to avoid having more children? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE YES 1 NO 2 09. WITHDRAWAL YES 1 NO 2 10. GRIS-GRIS YES 1 NO 2 11. OTHER METHODS YES 1 NO 2 YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPEVUSMST (V305_07) indicates whether the woman had ever used male sterilization to delay or avoid a pregnancy. IPUMS Ever use charms or amulets for FP Ever use charms or amulets for FP Ever use charms or amulets for FP Ever use charms or amulets for FP Ever use charms or amulets for FP 303) Have you ever used (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM Have you ever had a partner who used a condom? YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Have you had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Have you ever had a partner who had an operation to avoid having more children? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE YES 1 NO 2 09. WITHDRAWAL YES 1 NO 2 10. GRIS-GRIS YES 1 NO 2 11. OTHER METHODS YES 1 NO 2 YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPEVUSCHARM indicates whether the woman had ever used charms or amulets to delay or avoid a pregnancy. The complementary variable FPKNOCHARM indicates whether the woman knew about using charms or amulets as a method for family planning. IPUMS Ever use religion for FP Ever use religion for FP Ever use religion for FP Ever use religion for FP Ever use religion for FP 303) Have you ever used (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM Have you ever had a partner who used a condom? YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Have you had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Have you ever had a partner who had an operation to avoid having more children? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE YES 1 NO 2 09. WITHDRAWAL YES 1 NO 2 10. GRIS-GRIS YES 1 NO 2 11. OTHER METHODS YES 1 NO 2 YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPEVUSRELIG indicates whether the woman had ever used religion, such as a religious holy person or holy book, to delay or avoid a pregnancy. IPUMS Ever use other methods for FP Ever use other methods for FP Ever use other methods for FP Ever use other methods for FP Ever use other methods for FP 303) Have you ever used (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM Have you ever had a partner who used a condom? YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Have you had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Have you ever had a partner who had an operation to avoid having more children? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE YES 1 NO 2 09. WITHDRAWAL YES 1 NO 2 10. GRIS-GRIS YES 1 NO 2 11. OTHER METHODS YES 1 NO 2 YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPEVUSOM (V305_10) indicates whether the woman has ever used other methods to delay or avoid a pregnancy. IPUMS Thinks would have sterilization again Thinks would have sterilization again Thinks would have sterilization again Thinks would have sterilization again Thinks would have sterilization again 607) Given your present circumstances, if you could do it all over again, do you think you/your husband would make the same decision to not have any more children? YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who have been sterilized or whose partners have been sterilized, FPSTERAGN (V619) indicates whether they (or their partners) would choose to have the operation if given the chance to do it over again. IPUMS Reason regrets sterilization Reason regrets sterilization Reason regrets sterilization Reason regrets sterilization Reason regrets sterilization 609) Why do you regret it? RESPONDENT WANTS ANOTHER CHILD 1 (GO TO 614) PARTNER WANTS ANOTHER CHILD 2 1 (GO TO 614) SIDE EFFECTS 3 (GO TO 614) OTHER REASON (SPECIFY): ___ 4 (GO TO 614) 00 No regret 01 Respondent wants a(nother) child 02 Partner wants a(nother) child 03 Side effects 04 Child died 05 Marital status changed 06 Operation failed 95 Other reason 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who have been sterilized or whose partners have been sterilized, FPSTERREG (V618) reports the reason (if any) they regret getting sterilized. IPUMS Age at sterilization (grouped) Age at sterilization (grouped) Age at sterilization (grouped) Age at sterilization (grouped) Age at sterilization (grouped) 322) In what month and year was the sterilization operation performed? MONTH: ___ (GO TO 336) YEAR: ___ (GO TO 336) 7 50 - 54 years old 1 Less than 25 years old 2 25 - 29 years old 3 30 - 34 years old 4 35 - 39 years old 5 40 - 44 years old 6 45 - 49 years old 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who have been sterilized or whose partners have been sterilized, FPSTERILAGE (V320) reports their age at the time of their sterilization operation. IPUMS Parity at sterilization Parity at sterilization Parity at sterilization Parity at sterilization Parity at sterilization 322) In what month and year was the sterilization operation performed? MONTH: ___ (GO TO 336) YEAR: ___ (GO TO 336) 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 or more 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who have been sterilized or whose partners have been sterilized, FPSTERILPAR (V322) reports the parity of the women at the time of their sterilization, top-coded at 5+ children. IPUMS Marital duration at time of sterilization Marital duration at time of sterilization Marital duration at time of sterilization Marital duration at time of sterilization Marital duration at time of sterilization 322) In what month and year was the sterilization operation performed? MONTH: ___ (GO TO 336) YEAR: ___ (GO TO 336) Single, before marriage 1 0 - 4 years 2 5 - 9 years 3 10 - 14 years 4 15 - 19 years 5 20 - 24 years 6 25 - 29 years 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who have been sterilized or whose partners have been sterilized, FPSTERMARDUR (V321) reports, in 5-year groups, the women's marital duration at the time of their sterilization. IPUMS Years since sterilization Years since sterilization Years since sterilization Years since sterilization Years since sterilization 322) In what month and year was the sterilization operation performed? MONTH: ___ (GO TO 336) YEAR: ___ (GO TO 336) 1 Less than 2 years 2 2 - 3 years 3 4 - 5 years 4 6 - 7 years 5 8 - 9 years 6 10 or more years 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who have been sterilized or whose partners have been sterilized, FPSTERYRAGO (V319) reports the number of years since their sterilization operation, using 2-year groups, top-coded at 10+ years. IPUMS Date when sterilized (CMC) Date when sterilized (CMC) Date when sterilized (CMC) Date when sterilized (CMC) Date when sterilized (CMC) 322) In what month and year was the sterilization operation performed? MONTH: ___ (GO TO 336) YEAR: ___ (GO TO 336) 9999 NIU (not in universe) For women who have been sterilized or whose partners have been sterilized, FPSTERILDTCMC reports the century month code (CMC) for the date of their sterilization. IPUMS Month of sterilization Month of sterilization Month of sterilization Month of sterilization Month of sterilization 322) In what month and year was the sterilization operation performed? MONTH: ___ (GO TO 336) YEAR: ___ (GO TO 336) 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who have been sterilized or whose partners have been sterilized, FPSTERILMO reports the calendar month of their sterilization. The calendar year of their sterilization is reported in FPSTERILYR. IPUMS Year when sterilized Year when sterilized Year when sterilized Year when sterilized Year when sterilized 322) In what month and year was the sterilization operation performed? MONTH: ___ (GO TO 336) YEAR: ___ (GO TO 336) 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 9999 NIU (not in universe) 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 For women who have been sterilized or whose partners have been sterilized, FPSTERILYR reports the calendar year of their sterilization. The calendar month of their sterilization is reported in FPSTERILMO. IPUMS Completeness of information - date of sterilization Completeness of information - date of sterilization Completeness of information - date of sterilization Completeness of information - date of sterilization Completeness of information - date of sterilization 322) In what month and year was the sterilization operation performed? MONTH: ___ (GO TO 336) YEAR: ___ (GO TO 336) 1 Month and year given 5 Month imputed, year given 6 Month given, year imputed (date placed) 7 No information given (date placed) 8 From calendar 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who have been sterilized or whose partners have been sterilized, FPSTERCOMP reports the completeness of information about the date of their sterilization. IPUMS Heard FP message on radio Heard FP message on radio Heard FP message on radio Heard FP message on radio Heard FP message on radio 336) In the past month, have you heard a message about family planning on: The radio? The television? RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, only once 12 Yes, more than once 98 Missing 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) FPRADIOHR (V384A) indicates whether the woman heard family planning message(s) on the radio in the last few months. Some samples specify other periods of time. See Comparability. IPUMS Heard FP message on TV recently Heard FP message on TV recently Heard FP message on TV recently Heard FP message on TV recently Heard FP message on TV recently 336) In the past month, have you heard a message about family planning on: The radio? The television? RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTVHR (V384B) indicates whether the woman heard family planning message(s) on television in the last few months. Some samples specify other periods of time. See Comparability. IPUMS Acceptability of FP message on radio or TV Acceptability of FP message on radio or TV Acceptability of FP message on radio or TV Acceptability of FP message on radio or TV Acceptability of FP message on radio or TV 337) Do you find it acceptable or not that information about family planning is provided on the radio and in newspapers? ACCEPTABLE 1 NOT ACCEPTABLE 2 DON'T KNOW 8 Not acceptable 1 Acceptable 7 Don't know 8 Missing FPMEDIAOK (V366) indicates whether the woman considered family planning messages on radio or television to be acceptable or unacceptable. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Know source for modern FP method Know source for modern FP method Know source for modern FP method Know source for modern FP method Know source for modern FP method 304) Do you know where a person could go to get (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Do you know where a person can obtain advice on how to use periodic abstinence? YES 1 NO 2 Doesn't know source 1 Knows source for modern method FPKNOMODSRC (V303) indicates whether the woman knew of source from which she believed she could obtain a modern method of family planning. Whether the source existed and whether it could supply the method was not verified. In the DHS, the following family planning methods are considered modern methods: Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. IPUMS Know source of information for condom: Yes or no Know source of information for condom: Yes or no Know source of information for condom: Yes or no Know source of information for condom: Yes or no Know source of information for condom: Yes or no 304) Do you know where a person could go to get (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Do you know where a person can obtain advice on how to use periodic abstinence? YES 1 NO 2 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 1 Yes No 7 Not asked FPKNOSRCCON (V306_05) is a dichotomous variable indicating whether the woman knew a place someone could go to get a male condom to delay or avoid pregnancy. IPUMS Know source of information for diaphragm: Yes or no Know source of information for diaphragm: Yes or no Know source of information for diaphragm: Yes or no Know source of information for diaphragm: Yes or no Know source of information for diaphragm: Yes or no 304) Do you know where a person could go to get (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Do you know where a person can obtain advice on how to use periodic abstinence? YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 7 Not asked 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOSRCDIA (V306_04) is a dichotomous variable indicating whether the woman knew a place someone could go to get a diaphragm/foam/jelly to delay or avoid pregnancy. IPUMS Know source of information for female sterilization: Yes or no Know source of information for female sterilization: Yes or no Know source of information for female sterilization: Yes or no Know source of information for female sterilization: Yes or no Know source of information for female sterilization: Yes or no 304) Do you know where a person could go to get (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Do you know where a person can obtain advice on how to use periodic abstinence? YES 1 NO 2 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 1 Yes No 7 Not asked FPKNOSRCFST (V306_06) is a dichotomous variable indicating whether the woman knew a place someone could go to get female sterilization to delay or avoid pregnancy. IPUMS Know source of information for injectable contraception: Yes or no Know source of information for injectable contraception: Yes or no Know source of information for injectable contraception: Yes or no Know source of information for injectable contraception: Yes or no Know source of information for injectable contraception: Yes or no 304) Do you know where a person could go to get (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Do you know where a person can obtain advice on how to use periodic abstinence? YES 1 NO 2 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 1 Yes No 7 Not asked FPKNOSRCINJ (V306_03) is a dichotomous variable indicating whether the woman knew a place someone could go to get injectable contraception to delay or avoid pregnancy. IPUMS Know source of information for IUD: Yes or no Know source of information for IUD: Yes or no Know source of information for IUD: Yes or no Know source of information for IUD: Yes or no Know source of information for IUD: Yes or no 304) Do you know where a person could go to get (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Do you know where a person can obtain advice on how to use periodic abstinence? YES 1 NO 2 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 1 Yes No 7 Not asked FPKNOSRCIUD (V306_02) is a dichotomous variable indicating whether the woman knew a place someone could go to get an IUD to delay or avoid pregnancy. IPUMS Know source of information for male sterilization: Yes or no Know source of information for male sterilization: Yes or no Know source of information for male sterilization: Yes or no Know source of information for male sterilization: Yes or no Know source of information for male sterilization: Yes or no 304) Do you know where a person could go to get (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Do you know where a person can obtain advice on how to use periodic abstinence? YES 1 NO 2 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 1 Yes No 7 Not asked FPKNOSRCMST (V306_07) is a dichotomous variable indicating whether the woman knew a place someone could go to get male sterilization to delay or avoid pregnancy. IPUMS Know source of information for Pill: Yes or no Know source of information for Pill: Yes or no Know source of information for Pill: Yes or no Know source of information for Pill: Yes or no Know source of information for Pill: Yes or no 304) Do you know where a person could go to get (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Do you know where a person can obtain advice on how to use periodic abstinence? YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOSRCPIL (V306_01) is a dichotomous variable indicating whether the woman knew a place someone could go to get the Pill to delay or avoid pregnancy. IPUMS Know source of information for rhythm: Yes or no Know source of information for rhythm: Yes or no Know source of information for rhythm: Yes or no Know source of information for rhythm: Yes or no Know source of information for rhythm: Yes or no 304) Do you know where a person could go to get (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Do you know where a person can obtain advice on how to use periodic abstinence? YES 1 NO 2 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 1 Yes No 7 Not asked FPKNOSRCRHY (V306_08) is a dichotomous variable indicating whether the woman knew a place someone could go to learn about rhythm (periodic abstinence) to delay or avoid pregnancy. IPUMS Why not intend to use FP in future Why not intend to use FP in future Why not intend to use FP in future Why not intend to use FP in future Why not intend to use FP in future 327) What is the main reason you do not intend to use a method? WANTS CHILDREN 01 (GO TO 332) LACK OF INFORMATION 02(GO TO 332) PARTNER DISAPPROVES 03(GO TO 332) COST TOO MUCH 04 (GO TO 332) SIDE EFFECTS 05 (GO TO 332) HEALTH PROBLEMS 06 (GO TO 332) HARD TO GET METHODS 07(GO TO 332) RELIGION 08(GO TO 332) OPPOSED TO FAMILY PLANNING 09(GO TO 332) FATALIST 10(GO TO 332) OTHER PEOPLE OPPOSED 11(GO TO 332) INFREQUENT SEX 12(GO TO 332) DIFFICULT TO GET PREGNANT 13 (GO TO 332) MENOPAUSAL/HAD HYSTERECTOMY 14 (GO TO 332) INCONVENIENT 15 (GO TO 332) UNMARRIED 16 (GO TO 332) OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 17 (GO TO 332) DON'T KNOW 98 (GO TO 332) 10 NOT MARRIED 11 Not married 12 Not intending to marry 13 Inconsistent says not married 20 OTHER LOW FERTILITY RISK 21 Not having sex 22 Infrequent sex 23 Menopausal or hysterectomy 24 Subfecund, infecund 25 Postpartum, breastfeeding 26 Husband ill or subfecund 30 WANTS CHILDREN 31 Wants more children 32 Wants son 33 Wants daughter 34 Fatalistic 35 Wants as many children as possible 40 OPPOSITION TO USE 41 Respondent opposed 42 Husband opposed/makes decision on FP 43 Others opposed 44 Religious prohibition 45 Cultural taboos 46 Rumors 50 LACK OF KNOWLEDGE 51 Knows no method 52 Knows no source 60 METHOD-RELATED 61 Health concerns 62 Fear side effects 63 Lack of access 64 Cost too much 65 Inconvenient to use 66 Interfere with body 67 Sterilization concerns 70 OTHER 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women not now using a contraceptive method and not intending to do so in the future, FPYNOTFUS (V376) reports the reason the woman doesn't intend to use family planning in the future. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. Responses are grouped into the following broad categories, each with a different first digit: not married, other low fertility risk, wants children, opposition to use, lack of knowledge, method-related, and other. Specific responses within these categories are distinguished by the second digit of the codes. IPUMS Type of method: Pill Type of method: Pill Type of method: Pill Type of method: Pill Type of method: Pill 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 9 NIU (not in universe) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method FPTYPPILL (V304A_01) reports whether the Pill is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. Additionally, while FPTYPPILL (V304A_01) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: IUD Type of method: IUD Type of method: IUD Type of method: IUD Type of method: IUD 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 9 NIU (not in universe) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method FPTYPIUD (V304A_02) reports whether the intrauterine device (IUD) is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. Additionally, while FPTYPIUD (V304A_02) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Injectables Type of method: Injectables Type of method: Injectables Type of method: Injectables Type of method: Injectables 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 9 NIU (not in universe) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method FPTYPINJ (V304A_03) reports whether injectable contraception is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. Additionally, while FPTYPINJ (V304A_03) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Diaphragm Type of method: Diaphragm Type of method: Diaphragm Type of method: Diaphragm Type of method: Diaphragm 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPDIA (V304A_04) reports whether diaphragm or spermicides, such as foam or jelly, is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. Some phases combine diaphragm and spermicides in the response and some are separate; see Comparability. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. In some cases, however, there are exceptions to this organization; see Comparability. Additionally, while FPTYPDIA (V304A_04) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Condom Type of method: Condom Type of method: Condom Type of method: Condom Type of method: Condom 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 9 NIU (not in universe) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method FPTYPCON (V304A_05) reports whether the male condom is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. Additionally, while FPTYPCON (V304A_05) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Female sterilization Type of method: Female sterilization Type of method: Female sterilization Type of method: Female sterilization Type of method: Female sterilization 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 9 NIU (not in universe) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method FPTYPFST (V304A_06) reports whether female sterilization is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. Additionally, while FPTYPFST (V304A_06) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Male sterilization Type of method: Male sterilization Type of method: Male sterilization Type of method: Male sterilization Type of method: Male sterilization 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 9 NIU (not in universe) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method FPTYPMST (V304A_07) reports whether male sterilization is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. Additionally, while FPTYPMST (V304A_07) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Rhythm method Type of method: Rhythm method Type of method: Rhythm method Type of method: Rhythm method Type of method: Rhythm method 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPRHY (V304A_08) reports whether the rhythm method (periodic abstinence) is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the standard DHS recode manuals, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. In some cases, however, there are exceptions to this organization; see Comparability. Additionally, while FPTYPRHY (V304A_08) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Withdrawal Type of method: Withdrawal Type of method: Withdrawal Type of method: Withdrawal Type of method: Withdrawal 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPWD (V304A_09) reports whether withdrawal is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the standard DHS recode manuals, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. In some cases, however, there are exceptions to this organization; see Comparability. Additionally, while FPTYPWD (V304A_09) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Charms or amulets Type of method: Charms or amulets Type of method: Charms or amulets Type of method: Charms or amulets Type of method: Charms or amulets 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method FPTYPCHARM reports whether a charm or amulet is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. In some cases, however, there are exceptions to this organization; see Comparability. Additionally, while FPTYPCHARM and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Religion (Marabout or coran) Type of method: Religion (Marabout or coran) Type of method: Religion (Marabout or coran) Type of method: Religion (Marabout or coran) Type of method: Religion (Marabout or coran) 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method FPTYPRELIG reports whether the use of religion, such as a religious holy person or holy book, is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the standard DHS recode manuals, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. In some cases, however, there are exceptions to this organization; see Comparability. Additionally, while FPTYPRELIG and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Other method Type of method: Other method Type of method: Other method Type of method: Other method Type of method: Other method 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPOM (V304A_10) reports whether any "other" method reported by the woman is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. The meaning of "other" depends on the specific response categories included in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. Additionally, while FPTYPOM (V304A_10) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Number of times discussed FP with partner in past year Number of times discussed FP with partner in past year Number of times discussed FP with partner in past year Number of times discussed FP with partner in past year Number of times discussed FP with partner in past year 611) How often have you talked to your husband/partner about this subject in the last 12 months? NEVER 1 ONCE OR TWICE 2 MORE OFTEN 3 Never 1 Once or twice 2 More often 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) 7 Don't know FPTALKHUSNO (V611) reports the number of the times the woman has recently discussed family planning with her husband/partner. IPUMS Time since last intercourse Time since last intercourse Time since last intercourse Time since last intercourse Time since last intercourse 516) When was the last time you had sexual intercourse? DAYS: ___ 1 WEEKS: ___ 2 MONTHS: ___ 3 YEARS: ___ 4 BEFORE LAST BIRTH 996 154 54 days 153 53 days 152 52 days 151 51 days 150 50 days 149 49 days 148 48 days 147 47 days 146 46 days 145 45 days 144 44 days 143 43 days 142 42 days 141 41 days 140 40 days 139 39 days 138 38 days 137 37 days 136 36 days 135 35 days 134 34 days 133 33 days 132 32 days 131 31 days 130 30 days 129 29 days 128 28 days 127 27 days 126 26 days 125 25 days 124 24 days 123 23 days 122 22 days 121 21 days 120 20 days 119 19 days 118 18 days 117 17 days 116 16 days 115 15 days 114 14 days 113 13 days 112 12 days 111 11 days 110 10 days 109 9 days 108 8 days 107 7 days 106 6 days 105 5 days 104 4 days 103 3 days 102 2 days 101 1 day 100 Less than 1 day ago 155 55 days 156 56 days 157 57 days 158 58 days 159 59 days 160 60 days 161 61 days 162 62 days 163 63 days 164 64 days 165 65 days 166 66 days 167 67 days 168 68 days 169 69 days 170 70 days 171 71 days 172 72 days 173 73 days 174 74 days 175 75 days 176 76 days 177 77 days 178 78 days 179 79 days 180 80 days 181 81 days 182 82 days 183 83 days 184 84 days 185 85 days 186 86 days 187 87 days 188 88 days 189 89 days 190 90 days 191 91 days 192 92 days 193 93 days 194 94 days 195 95 days 196 96 days 197 97 days 198 Days, number inconsistent 199 Days, number missing 200 WEEKS 201 1 week 202 2 weeks 203 3 weeks 204 4 weeks 205 5 weeks 206 6 weeks 207 7 weeks 208 8 weeks 209 9 weeks 210 10 weeks 211 11 weeks 212 12 weeks 213 13 weeks 214 14 weeks 215 15 weeks 216 16 weeks 217 17 weeks 218 18 weeks 219 19 weeks 220 20 weeks 221 21 weeks 222 22 weeks 223 23 weeks 224 24 weeks 225 25 weeks 226 26 weeks 227 27 weeks 228 28 weeks 229 29 weeks 230 30 weeks 231 31 weeks 232 32 weeks 233 33 weeks 234 34 weeks 235 35 weeks 236 36 weeks 237 37 weeks 238 38 weeks 239 39 weeks 240 40 weeks 241 41 weeks 242 42 weeks 243 43 weeks 244 44 weeks 245 45 weeks 246 46 weeks 247 47 weeks 248 48 weeks 249 49 weeks 250 50 weeks 251 51 weeks 252 52 weeks 298 Weeks, inconsistent 299 Weeks, number missing 300 MONTHS 301 1 month 302 2 months 303 3 months 304 4 months 305 5 months 306 6 months 307 7 months 308 8 months 309 9 months 310 10 months 311 11 months 312 12 months 313 13 months 314 14 months 315 15 months 316 16 months 317 17 months 318 18 months 319 19 months 320 20 months 321 21 months 322 22 months 323 23 months 324 24 months 325 25 months 326 26 months 327 27 months 328 28 months 329 29 months 330 30 months 331 31 months 332 32 months 333 33 months 334 34 months 335 35 months 336 36 months 337 37 months 338 38 months 339 39 months 340 40 months 341 41 months 342 42 months 343 43 months 344 44 months 345 45 months 346 46 months 347 47 months 348 48 months 349 49 months 350 50 months 351 51 months 352 52 months 353 53 months 354 54 months 355 55 months 356 56 months 357 57 months 358 58 months 359 59 months 360 60 months 361 61 months 362 62 months 363 63 months 364 64 months 365 65 months 366 66 months 367 67 months 368 68 months 369 69 months 370 70 months 371 71 months 372 72 months 373 73 months 374 74 months 375 75 months 376 76 months 377 77 months 378 78 months 379 79 months 380 80 months 381 81 months 382 82 months 383 83 months 384 84 months 385 85 months 386 86 months 387 87 months 388 88 months 389 89 months 390 90 months 391 91 months 392 92 months 393 93 months 394 94 months 395 95 months 396 96 months 397 97 months 398 Months, inconsistent 399 Months, number missing 400 YEARS 401 1 year 402 2 years 403 3 years 404 4 years 405 5 years 406 6 years 407 7 years 408 8 years 409 9 years 410 10 years 411 11 years 412 12 years 413 13 years 414 14 years 415 15 years 416 16 years 417 17 years 418 18 years 419 19 years 420 20 years 421 21 years 422 22 years 423 23 years 424 24 years 425 25 years 426 26 years 427 27 years 428 28 years 429 29 years 430 30 years 431 31 years 432 32 years 433 33 years 434 34 years 435 35 years 436 36 years 437 37 years 438 38 years 439 39 years 440 40 years 441 41 years 442 42 years 443 43 years 444 44 years 445 45 years 448 48 years 449 49 years 450 50+ years 499 Years, number missing 993 With former husband 994 Within last 4 weeks 995 Before last birth 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) 446 46 years 447 47 years TIMESINCESEX (V527) reports how many days, weeks, months or years had passed since the woman had sexual intercourse with her most recent sexual partner. IPUMS Time since last intercourse in days Time since last intercourse in days Time since last intercourse in days Time since last intercourse in days Time since last intercourse in days 516) When was the last time you had sexual intercourse? DAYS: ___ 1 WEEKS: ___ 2 MONTHS: ___ 3 YEARS: ___ 4 BEFORE LAST BIRTH 996 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31+ days 92 Not married/no regular partner 93 Within last 4 weeks 94 Before last birth 95 With former husband 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) TIMESINCESEXD (V528) reports the number of days that have passed since the respondent last had sexual intercourse. Durations of more than 30 days are grouped into "31+." If the respondent reported having sexual intercourse in the last 4 weeks but replied that her last sexual intercourse was one month before the interview (in TIMESINCESEX (V527), this response is recoded to "30" in TIMESINCESEXD. In all other cases, a response of "One month" in TIMESINCESEX is coded as "31+." IPUMS Time since last intercourse in months (imputed) Time since last intercourse in months (imputed) Time since last intercourse in months (imputed) Time since last intercourse in months (imputed) Time since last intercourse in months (imputed) 516) When was the last time you had sexual intercourse? DAYS: ___ 1 WEEKS: ___ 2 MONTHS: ___ 3 YEARS: ___ 4 BEFORE LAST BIRTH 996 000 Less than 1 month 993 No partner 994 With former husband 995 Before last birth 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) TIMESINCESEXM (V529) reports the computed time (in months) since the respondent last had sexual intercourse. This variable's value is computed from the responses in TIMESINCESEX (V527), with durations exceeding the interval since the last birth recoded as "Before last birth." IPUMS Flag for time since last sex (months, imputed) Flag for time since last sex (months, imputed) Flag for time since last sex (months, imputed) Flag for time since last sex (months, imputed) Flag for time since last sex (months, imputed) 00 No flag 01 Duration greater than time since last birth and did not report pp abstinence 02 Duration plus abstinence after last birth greater than time since last birth 03 Reported, but did not resume sex after last birth 04 Before last birth, but no births 05 Before last birth, but currently pregnant 06 Before last birth, but resumed sex after last birth 07 Reported but before last pregnancy 08 Reported but inconsistent with times had sex in past 4 weeks 09 Reported but before last birth 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) TIMESINCESEXFLAG (V530) is a flag variable reporting the type of problem found when editing responses about the time that has passed since the respondent last had sexual intercourse (in TIMESINCESEXM (V529)). Below are descriptions of each code: 0 = No flag 1 = Duration reported is greater than the interval since the last birth, and the respondent did not say in the maternity section (PPABSTAINNOW (V406)) that she is still abstaining from sexual relations since her last birth 2 = Duration reported plus the duration of abstinence after the last birth (PPABMO_01 (M8_1)) is greater than the interval since the last birth 3 = Duration reported, but the respondent has not resumed sexual intercourse since the last birth 4 = Respondent reported last intercourse was before her last birth, but she has never given birth 5 = Respondent reported last intercourse was before her last birth, but she was currently pregnant (PREGNANT (V213). 6 = Respondent reported last intercourse was before her last birth, but she reported in the maternity section that she had resumed sexual intercourse after her last birth 7 = Respondent reported a duration since her last intercourse, but this would place her last intercourse before her last pregnancy 8 = Respondent reported a duration since her last intercourse, but this response was inconsistent with her response concerning the number of times she had sexual intercourse in the 4 weeks preceding the survey (SX4WKX (V526)) 9 = Duration reported, but would place her last sexual intercourse before her last birth IPUMS Times had sex in last 4 weeks Times had sex in last 4 weeks Times had sex in last 4 weeks Times had sex in last 4 weeks Times had sex in last 4 weeks 514) Now we need some details about your sexual activity in order to get a better understanding of contraception and fertility. How many times did you have sexual intercourse in the last four weeks? NUMBER OF TIMES: ___ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95+ 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) SX4WKNO (V526) reports the number of times the respondent had sexual intercourse in last 4 weeks. IPUMS Times respondent usually has sex in a month Times respondent usually has sex in a month Times respondent usually has sex in a month Times respondent usually has sex in a month Times respondent usually has sex in a month 515) How many times in a month do you usually have sexual intercourse? NUMBER OF TIMES: ___ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) SX4WKAVG (V533) reports the number of times the respondent usually has sex in a month. IPUMS Age at first intercourse Age at first intercourse Age at first intercourse Age at first intercourse Age at first intercourse 517) How old were you when you first had sexual intercourse? AGE: ___ FIRST TIME WHEN MARRIED 96 00 Not had intercourse 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 94 Refused to respond 95 At first union 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) AGE1STSEX (V525) indicates the woman's self-reported age for the first time she had sexual intercourse. IPUMS Age at first intercourse (imputed) Age at first intercourse (imputed) Age at first intercourse (imputed) Age at first intercourse (imputed) Age at first intercourse (imputed) 517) How old were you when you first had sexual intercourse? AGE: ___ FIRST TIME WHEN MARRIED 96 00 Not had sex 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 95 Refused to respond 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) AGE1STSEXIMP (V531) reports the respondent's age at first sexual intercourse. This variable is the same as AGE1STSEX (V525), except for women who reported their first sexual intercourse was at the time of their union. For these women, the age at first sex is taken from the age at first union. In cases where the age at first sex was inconsistent with the age at conception of the first child, but only by one year, the age at first sex was reduced by one year. IPUMS Flag for age at first intercourse Flag for age at first intercourse Flag for age at first intercourse Flag for age at first intercourse Flag for age at first intercourse No flag 1 After interview 2 After conception by 1 year or more 3 After conception by less than 1 year 4 At marriage, but never married 5 At marriage, but after conception 6 After marriage AGE1STSEXFLAG (V532) is a flag variable reporting the type of inconsistency found when editing responses about when the respondent first had sexual intercourse. Below are descriptions of each code: 0 = No flag 1 = Respondent reported age at first sexual intercourse that exceeds her current age (AGE (V012)) 2 = Respondent reported her age at first sexual intercourse as occurring more than one year after the conception of her first child 3 = Respondent reported her age at first sexual intercourse as occurring up to one year after the conception of her first child 4 = Respondent reported that her first sexual intercourse was at the time of her first marriage, but the respondent was never married (EVERMARRIED (V535)) 5 = Respondent reported that her first sexual intercourse was at the time of her first marriage, but her first marriage occurred after the conception of her first child 6 = Respondent reported her first sexual intercourse as being some time after her first marriage IPUMS Last birth caesarean section Last birth caesarean section Last birth caesarean section Last birth caesarean section Last birth caesarean section 414) Was (NAME) delivered by caesarian section? YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the three to five years before the survey, DELCESRLAST (V401) indicates whether the last-born child was delivered by caesarean section. When children or births are the unit of analysis, this variable describes a characteristic of the mother, which causes allchildren of the mother to be coded the same way. Question wording varies slightly across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Woman currently postpartum amenorrheic Woman currently postpartum amenorrheic Woman currently postpartum amenorrheic Woman currently postpartum amenorrheic Woman currently postpartum amenorrheic 418) FOR MOST RECENT BIRTH ONLY: Has your period returned after the birth of (NAME)? YES 1(GO TO 420) NO 2 (GO TO 421) No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) PPAMENNOW (V405) reports whether the woman is currently postpartum amenorrheic. This variable is created from the maternity history by checking if menstruation resumed after birth. Women who are currently pregnant (irrespective of whether the woman's period returned after her last birth) and women who did not have births in the last three to five years are automatically reported as not currently amenorrheic, and coded "No" (code 0). When children or births are the unit of analysis, this variable describes a characteristic of the mother, which causes all children of the mother to be coded the same way. IPUMS Woman currently postpartum abstaining Woman currently postpartum abstaining Woman currently postpartum abstaining Woman currently postpartum abstaining Woman currently postpartum abstaining 422) FOR MOST RECENT BIRTH: Have you resumed sexual relations since the birth of (NAME)? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 424) No 1 Yes PPABSTAINNOW (V406) reports whether the woman is currently postpartum abstaining from sex. This variable is created from the maternity history by checking if the respondent has resumed sexual relations since her last birth. Women who did not have births in the last three to five years are automatically reported as not currently abstaining, and coded "No" (code 0). When children or births are the unit of analysis, this variable describes a characteristic of the mother, which causes all children of the mother to be coded the same way. IPUMS Ideal period for post-partum abstinence Ideal period for post-partum abstinence Ideal period for post-partum abstinence Ideal period for post-partum abstinence Ideal period for post-partum abstinence 614) After childbirth, how much time should couples wait before starting to have sexual relations again? MONTHS: ___ 1 YEARS: ___ 2 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 996 079 79 days 078 78 days 077 77 days 076 76 days 075 75 days 074 74 days 073 73 days 072 72 days 071 71 days 070 70 days 069 69 days 068 68 days 067 67 days 066 66 days 065 65 days 064 64 days 063 63 days 062 62 days 061 61 days 000 Less than one day 001 1 day 002 2 days 003 3 days 004 4 days 005 5 days 006 6 days 007 7 days 008 8 days 009 9 days 010 10 days 011 11 days 012 12 days 013 13 days 014 14 days 015 15 days 016 16 days 017 17 days 018 18 days 019 19 days 020 20 days 021 21 days 022 22 days 023 23 days 024 24 days 025 25 days 026 26 days 027 27 days 028 28 days 029 29 days 030 30 days 031 31 days 032 32 days 033 33 days 034 34 days 035 35 days 036 36 days 037 37 days 038 38 days 039 39 days 040 40 days 041 41 days 042 42 days 043 43 days 044 44 days 045 45 days 046 46 days 047 47 days 048 48 days 049 49 days 050 50 days 051 51 days 052 52 days 053 53 days 054 54 days 055 55 days 056 56 days 057 57 days 058 58 days 059 59 days 060 60 days 100 Less than one month 101 1 month 102 2 months 103 3 months 104 4 months 105 5 months 106 6 months 107 7 months 108 8 months 109 9 months 110 10 months 111 11 months 112 12 months 113 13 months 114 14 months 115 15 months 116 16 months 117 17 months 118 18 months 119 19 months 120 20 months 121 21 months 122 22 months 123 23 months 124 24 months 125 25 months 126 26 months 127 27 months 128 28 months 129 29 months 130 30 months 131 31 months 132 32 months 133 33 months 134 34 months 135 35 months 136 36 months 137 37 months 138 38 months 139 39 months 140 40 months 141 41 months 142 42 months 143 43 months 144 44 months 145 45 months 146 46 months 147 47 months 148 48 months 149 49 months 150 50 months 151 51 months 152 52 months 153 53 months 154 54 months 155 55 months 156 56 months 157 57 months 158 58 months 159 59 months 160 60 months 161 61 months 162 62 months 163 63 months 164 64 months 165 65 months 166 66 months 167 67 months 168 68 months 169 69 months 170 70 months 171 71 months 172 72 months 173 73 months 174 74 months 175 75 months 176 76 months 177 77 months 178 78 months 179 79 months 180 80 months 181 81 months 182 82 months 183 83 months 184 84 months 185 85 months 186 86 months 187 87 months 188 88 months 189 89 months 190 90 months 191 91 months 192 92 months 193 93 months 194 94 months 195 95 months 196 96 months 197 97 months 198 98 months 199 Months, unspecified number 200 Less than one year 201 1 year 202 2 years 203 3 years 204 4 years 205 5 years 206 6 years 207 7 years 208 8 years 209 9 years 210 10 years 211 11 years 212 12 years 213 13 years 214 14 years 215 15 years 216 16 years 217 17 years 218 18 years 219 19 years 220 20 years 221 21 years 222 22 years 223 23 years 224 24 years 225 25 years 226 26 years 227 27 years 228 28 years 229 29 years 230 30 years 231 31 years 232 32 years 233 33 years 234 34 years 235 35+ years 299 Years, unspecified number 992 Up to couple 993 After weaning 994 After period returns 995 Non-numeric response 996 Other 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) 080 80 days 081 81 days 082 82 days 083 83 days 084 84 days 085 85 days 086 86 days 087 87 days 088 88 days 089 89 days 090 90 days IDEALPOSTPT (V608) reports what the woman thinks is the ideal duration for a couple to wait before starting sexual relations after the birth of a child. IPUMS Ideal period for post-partum abstinence (months and years only) Ideal period for post-partum abstinence (months and years only) Ideal period for post-partum abstinence (months and years only) Ideal period for post-partum abstinence (months and years only) Ideal period for post-partum abstinence (months and years only) 614) After childbirth, how much time should couples wait before starting to have sexual relations again? MONTHS: ___ 1 YEARS: ___ 2 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 996 100 Less than one month 101 1 month 102 2 months 103 3 months 104 4 months 105 5 months 106 6 months 107 7 months 108 8 months 109 9 months 110 10 months 111 11 months 112 12 months 113 13 months 114 14 months 115 15 months 116 16 months 117 17 months 118 18 months 119 19 months 120 20 months 121 21 months 122 22 months 123 23 months 124 24 months 125 25 months 126 26 months 127 27 months 128 28 months 129 29 months 130 30 months 131 31 months 132 32 months 133 33 months 134 34 months 135 35 months 136 36 months 137 37 months 138 38 months 139 39 months 140 40 months 141 41 months 142 42 months 143 43 months 144 44 months 145 45 months 146 46 months 147 47 months 148 48 months 149 49 months 150 50 months 151 51 months 152 52 months 153 53 months 154 54 months 155 55 months 156 56 months 157 57 months 158 58 months 159 59 months 160 60 months 161 61 months 162 62 months 163 63 months 164 64 months 165 65 months 166 66 months 167 67 months 168 68 months 169 69 months 170 70 months 171 71 months 172 72 months 173 73 months 174 74 months 175 75 months 176 76 months 177 77 months 178 78 months 179 79 months 180 80 months 181 81 months 182 82 months 183 83 months 184 84 months 185 85 months 186 86 months 187 87 months 188 88 months 189 89 months 190 90 months 191 91 months 192 92 months 193 93 months 194 94 months 195 95 months 196 96 months 197 97 months 198 98 months 199 Months, unspecified number 200 Less than one year 201 1 year 202 2 years 203 3 years 204 4 years 205 5 years 206 6 years 207 7 years 208 8 years 209 9 years 210 10 years 211 11 years 212 12 years 213 13 years 214 14 years 215 15 years 216 16 years 217 17 years 218 18 years 219 19 years 220 20 years 221 21 years 222 22 years 223 23 years 224 24 years 225 25 years 226 26 years 227 27 years 228 28 years 229 29 years 230 30 years 231 31 years 232 32 years 233 33 years 234 34 years 235 35+ years 299 Years, unspecified number 992 Up to couple 993 After weaning 994 After period returns 995 Non-numeric response 996 Other 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IDEALPOSTPT2 reports what the woman thinks is the ideal duration for a couple to wait before starting sexual relations after the birth of a child. Responses are given in month or year units; the complementary variable IDEALPOSTPT preserves the detailed responses given in days for a minority of samples. IPUMS Alright to have sex while breastfeeding Alright to have sex while breastfeeding Alright to have sex while breastfeeding Alright to have sex while breastfeeding Alright to have sex while breastfeeding 615) Should a mother wait until she has completely stopped breastfeeding before starting to have sexual relations again, or doesn't it matter? WAIT 1 DOESN'T MATTER 2 1 Wait 2 Doesn't matter 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) SEXBRSTFD (V609) indicates whether the woman thinks mothers should wait until they have stopped breastfeeding before resuming sexual relations after the birth of a child. IPUMS Number of children in maternity history Number of children in maternity history Number of children in maternity history Number of children in maternity history Number of children in maternity history 402) ENTER THE LINE NUMBER, NAME, AND SURVIVAL STATUS OF EACH BIRTH SINCE JANUARY 1987 IN THE TABLE. ASK THE QUESTIONS OF ALL THESE BIRTHS, BEGINNING WITH THE LAST BIRTH. Now I would like to ask you some more questions about the health of all of the children you have had in the past 5 years. We will talk about one child at a time. LINE NUMBER FROM QUESTION 212: ___ FROM QUESTION 212 AND QUESTION 216: NAME: ___ LIVING: ___ (GO TO 403) DECEASED: ___ (GO TO 403) 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 MATERNITYIDX (V417) reports the number of entries in the pregnancy and postnatal care history for a female respondent. This number is typically equal to the number of births in the three (BIRTHSTOT3YR (V238)) or five (BIRTHSIN5YRS (V208) years before the survey. While there is, theoretically, no limit to the number of births recorded in BIRTHSTOT3YR and BIRTHSIN5YRS, MATERNITYIDX is actually limited to the number of columns that can be completed on the survey form. In most cases, MATERNITYIDX is capped at six. IPUMS Number of children in immunization/health history Number of children in immunization/health history Number of children in immunization/health history Number of children in immunization/health history Number of children in immunization/health history 441) ENTER THE LINE NUMBER AND NAME OF EACH BIRTH SINCE JANUARY 1987 IN THE TABLE. ASK THE QUESTIONS ABOUT ALL OF THESE BIRTHS. BEGIN WITH THE LAST BIRTH (IF THERE ARE MORE THAN 3 BIRTHS, USE ADDITIONAL FORMS). LINE NUMBER FROM QUESTION 212: ___ FROM QUESTION 212 AND QUESTION 216: NAME: ___ LIVING: ___ DECEASED: ___ 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 HEALTHIDX (V418) reports the number of entries (number of children) in the health or immunization history. This number is typically equal to the number of births in the three (BIRTHSTOT3YR (V238)) or five (BIRTHSIN5YRS (V208) years before the survey. While there is, theoretically, no limit to the number of births recorded in BIRTHSTOT3YR and BIRTHSIN5YRS, HEALTHIDX is actually limited to the number of columns that can be completed on the survey form. In most cases, HEALTHIDX is capped at six. IPUMS Number of children in height and weight table Number of children in height and weight table Number of children in height and weight table Number of children in height and weight table Number of children in height and weight table 902) LINE NUMBER FROM QUESTION 212: LINE NUMBER: ___ 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 BIOIDX (V419) reports the number of entries (number of children) in the height and weight table. This number is typically equal to the number of births in the three (BIRTHSTOT3YR (V238)) or five (BIRTHSIN5YRS (V208) years before the survey. While there is, theoretically, no limit to the number of births recorded in BIRTHSTOT3YR and BIRTHSIN5YRS, BIOIDX is actually limited to the number of columns on the survey form that can be completed. In most cases, BIOIDX is capped at six. IPUMS Times mother breastfed last child during previous night Times mother breastfed last child during previous night Times mother breastfed last child during previous night Times mother breastfed last child during previous night Times mother breastfed last child during previous night 429) FOR MOST RECENT BIRTH: How many times did you breastfeed last night between sunset and sunrise? (IF ANSWER IS NOT NUMERIC, PROBE TO EVALUATE NUMBER) NUMBER OF NIGHT TIME FEEDINGS: ___ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40+ 96 On demand 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years and whose last-born child is still breastfeeding, BFEEDNITE (V407) reports how many times the mother breastfed that child the previous night between sunset and sunrise. When women are the unit of analysis, IPUMS-DHS users may also use BRSFEDNITE_01 (M35_01), which reports how many times the woman breastfed her last-born child the previous night. When children are the unit of analysis, BFEEDNITE describes a characteristic of the mother, which causes all young children of the mother to be coded the same way. Thus, a response of a certain number of times in BFEEDNITE does not necessarily indicate that a particular child whose record is being analyzed was breastfed that many times during the previous night. IPUMS-DHS users should instead employ, when available, the variable BRSFEDNITE (M35) to determine how many times the specific child under analysis was breastfed during the previous night. IPUMS Times mother breastfed last child during previous day Times mother breastfed last child during previous day Times mother breastfed last child during previous day Times mother breastfed last child during previous day Times mother breastfed last child during previous day 430) FOR MOST RECENT BIRTH: How many times did you breastfeed yesterday, during the daylight hours? (IF ANSWER IS NOT NUMERIC, PROBE TO EVALUATE NUMBER) NUMBER OF DAY LIGHT FEEDINGS: ___ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40+ 95 On demand, non-numeric response 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years and whose last-born child is still breastfeeding, BFEEDAY (V408) reports how many times the mother breastfed that child the previous day during daylight hours. When women are the unit of analysis, IPUMS-DHS users may also use BRSFEDAY_01 (M36_01), which reports how many times the woman breastfed her last-born child the previous day during daylight hours. When children are the unit of analysis, BFEEDAY describes a characteristic of the mother, which causes all young children of the mother to be coded the same way. Thus, a response of a certain number of times in BFEEDAY does not necessarily indicate that a child whose record is being analyzed was personally breastfed that many times during the previous day. IPUMS-DHS users should instead employ, when available, the variable BRSFEDAY (M36) to determine how many times the specific child under analysis was breastfed during the previous day. IPUMS Mother fed last-born child from bottle with nipple in last day or night Mother fed last-born child from bottle with nipple in last day or night Mother fed last-born child from bottle with nipple in last day or night Mother fed last-born child from bottle with nipple in last day or night Mother fed last-born child from bottle with nipple in last day or night 439) Did (NAME) drink anything from a baby bottle yesterday or last night? YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years and whose last-born child is still alive, BOTTLE24H (V415) indicates whether the last-born child drank anything from a bottle with a nipple during the previous day and night. When women are the unit of analysis, IPUMS-DHS users may also use BRSFEDBOT_01 (M38_01), which also indicates whether the woman gave her last-born child anything from a bottle with a nipple during the previous day and night. When children are the unit of analysis, BOTTLE24H describes a characteristic of the mother, which causes all young children of the mother to be coded the same way. If the mother reported that she fed her last-born child with a bottle with a nipple during the previous day or night, all of her children in the data are coded as "yes," including any children who have died or who live elsewhere. When children are the unit of analysis, a positive response in BOTTLE24H thus does not necessarily indicate that a particular child was actually fed with a bottle with a nipple during the previous day or night. IPUMS-DHS users should instead employ, when available, the variable BRSFEDBOT (M38) to determine whether the specific child in question actually drank anything from a bottle with a nipple during the previous day and night. IPUMS Woman currently breastfeeding any child Woman currently breastfeeding any child Woman currently breastfeeding any child Woman currently breastfeeding any child Woman currently breastfeeding any child 428) FOR MOST RECENT BIRTH: Do you still breastfeed (NAME)? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 433) No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) BFEEDANYNOW (V404) indicates whether the woman is currently breastfeeding. If no child was born in the last three to five years, the respondent is assumed to not be breastfeeding. When children or births are the unit of analysis, this variable describes a characteristic of the mother, which causes all children of the mother to be coded the same way. This variable has some variation in how current breastfeeding is determined. See Comparability. IPUMS When mother first put last-born child to breast When mother first put last-born child to breast When mother first put last-born child to breast When mother first put last-born child to breast When mother first put last-born child to breast 426) FOR MOST RECENT BIRTH: How long after birth did you first put (NAME) to the breast? IF LESS THAN 1 HOUR, RECORD '00' HOURS. IF LESS THAN 24 HOURS, RECORD HOURS. OTHERWISE, RECORD DAYS. IMMEDIATELY 000 HOURS: ___ 1 DAYS: ___ 2 000 Immediately 100 Within first hour 101 1 hour 102 2 hours 103 3 hours 104 4 hours 105 5 hours 106 6 hours 107 7 hours 108 8 hours 109 9 hours 110 10 hours 111 11 hours 112 12 hours 113 13 hours 114 14 hours 115 15 hours 116 16 hours 117 17 hours 118 18 hours 119 19 hours 120 20 hours 121 21 hours 122 22 hours 123 23 hours 124 24 hours 125 25 hours 126 26 hours 127 27 hours 128 28 hours 129 29 hours 130 30 hours 131 31 hours 132 32 hours 133 33 hours 134 34 hours 135 35 hours 136 36 hours 137 37 hours 138 38 hours 139 39 hours 140 40 hours 141 41 hours 142 42 hours 143 43 hours 144 44 hours 145 45 hours 146 46 hours 147 47 hours 148 48 hours 149 49 hours 150 50 hours 151 51 hours 152 52 hours 153 53 hours 154 54 hours 155 55 hours 156 56 hours 157 57 hours 158 58 hours 159 59 hours 160 60 hours 161 61 hours 162 62 hours 163 63 hours 164 64 hours 165 65 hours 166 66 hours 167 67 hours 168 68 hours 169 69 hours 170 70 hours 171 71 hours 172 72 hours 173 73 hours 174 74 hours 175 75 hours 176 76 hours 177 77 hours 178 78 hours 179 79 hours 180 80 hours 181 81 hours 182 82 hours 183 83 hours 184 84 hours 185 85 hours 186 86 hours 187 87 hours 188 88 hours 189 89 hours 190 90 hours 199 Hours: Number missing 200 Within first day 201 1 day 202 2 days 203 3 days 204 4 days 205 5 days 206 6 days 207 7 days 208 8 days 209 9 days 210 10 days 211 11 days 212 12 days 213 13 days 214 14 days 215 15 days 216 16 days 217 17 days 218 18 days 219 19 days 220 20 days 221 21 days 222 22 days 223 23 days 224 24 days 225 25 days 226 26 days 227 27 days 228 28 days 229 29 days 230 30 days 231 31 days 232 32 days 233 33 days 234 34 days 235 35 days 236 36 days 237 37 days 238 38 days 239 39 days 240 40 days 241 41 days 242 42 days 243 43 days 244 44 days 245 45 days 246 46 days 247 47 days 248 48 days 249 49 days 250 50 days 251 51 days 252 52 days 253 53 days 254 54 days 255 55 days 256 56 days 257 57 days 258 58 days 259 59 days 260 60 days 261 61 days 262 62 days 263 63 days 264 64 days 265 65 days 266 66 days 267 67 days 268 68 days 269 69 days 270 70 days 271 71 days 272 72 days 273 73 days 274 74 days 275 75 days 276 76 days 277 77 days 278 78 days 279 79 days 280 80 days 281 81 days 282 82 days 283 83 days 284 84 days 285 85 days 286 86 days 287 87 days 288 88 days 289 89 days 290 90 days 299 Days: Number missing 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years and breastfed their last-born child, BFEEDST (V426) reports the length of time between the birth and when the woman first breastfed her last-born child. Following DHS convention, intervals reported in hours are coded with a "1" in the first digit, and intervals reported in days are coded with a "2" in the first digit. When women are the unit of analysis, IPUMS-DHS users may also use BRSFEDST_01 (M34_1), which also reports the length of time between the birth and when the woman first breastfed her child (for the last birth). When children are the unit of analysis, BFEEDST describes a characteristic of the mother, which causes all young children of the mother to be coded the same way. Thus, a response of a certain number of hours or days in BFEEDST does not necessarily indicate that a particular child whose record is being analyzed was first breastfed after that amount of time. IPUMS-DHS users should instead employ, when available, the variable BRSFEDST (M34) to determine the length of time between the specific child's birth and when that child was first breastfed. IPUMS Heard of ORS for diarrhea treatment Heard of ORS for diarrhea treatment Heard of ORS for diarrhea treatment Heard of ORS for diarrhea treatment Heard of ORS for diarrhea treatment 483) Have you heard of a special product in a packet that you can get for the treatment of diarrhea and vomiting? YES 1 (GO TO 485) NO 2 10 No 20 Yes 21 Used ORS 22 Heard of ORS 23 Recognized ORS packet 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) DIATRORSHEARD (V416) indicates whether the woman ever heard of using an oral rehydration solution (ORS) to treat diarrhea. ORS generally consists of drinking water with the addition of sugar and salt (in a homemade solution) or a commercial mixture of salt, glucose, potassium chloride, and sodium bicarbonate added to clean water. IPUMS Ever prepared ORS solution Ever prepared ORS solution Ever prepared ORS solution Ever prepared ORS solution Ever prepared ORS solution 485) Have you ever prepared a solution with one of these packets to treat diarrhea for yourself or someone else? (SHOW THE PACKET) YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 488) 10 No 20 Yes 21 Used in last 2 weeks 22 Used previously 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the 3 to 5 years before the survey and have heard of ORS (oral rehydration solution), ORSPREPEV (V422) indicates whether the respondent has ever prepared a solution from an ORS packet to treat diarrhea, either for herself or for someone else. IPUMS Amount of water (in mL) used for ORS Amount of water (in mL) used for ORS Amount of water (in mL) used for ORS Amount of water (in mL) used for ORS Amount of water (in mL) used for ORS 487) How much water did you use to prepare the liquid from the special packet for diarrhea? 1/2 LITER / 1/2 CUP 01 1 LITER / 1 CUP 02 1 1/2 LITERS / 1 1/2 CUPS 03 2 LITERS / 2 CUPS 04 ACCORDING TO PACKET INSTRUCTIONS 05 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 06 DON'T KNOW 98 0250 250 0750 750 1000 1000 9993 Did not use whole packet 9994 Followed instructions on packet 9995 Unknown quantity 9996 Other uncoded sizes 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the 3 to 5 years before the survey and have prepared ORS, ORSPREPWAT (V423) reports the quantity of water, measured in milliliters, used in the preparation of the oral rehydration solution. Most samples include fixed categories such as 1/2 liter, 1 liter, and 1-1/2 liters, which are then recoded as 500, 1000, and 1500 milliliters. Some responses are also recorded as bottle sizes, such as beer bottle or coke bottle; these are also recoded in ORSPREPWAT into their respective sizes (333 and 250 milliliters, respectively). If the size of a particular container (e.g., a glass) was not known, this response is recorded as "Unknown quantity" (code "9995"). IPUMS Source of information on preparing ORS for diarrhea treatment Source of information on preparing ORS for diarrhea treatment Source of information on preparing ORS for diarrhea treatment Source of information on preparing ORS for diarrhea treatment Source of information on preparing ORS for diarrhea treatment 490) Who taught you how to prepare the home solution made with sugar, salt, and water, and which you gave to (NAME) when he/she had diarrhea? PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL 11 MEDICAL CENTER 12 MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER 13 DISPENSARY 14 MOBILE CLINIC 15 FIRST AID WORKER/MIDWIFE 16 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL 21 PRIVATE PHARMACY 22 PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE 23 PRIVATE DISPENSARY 24 OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE 31 NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE 32 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 41 100 PUBLIC SECTOR 110 Government hospital 120 Government health center 121 Rural health center 130 Government mobile clinic 140 Government health post 150 Government health worker 151 Community health worker 152 Village health guide/worker 153 Government paramedic 154 First aid worker 155 Family welfare worker 156 Lady health visitor 160 Maternal child health (MCH) center 170 Government pharmacy/dispensary 200 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR 210 Private hospital/clinic 220 Private doctor 230 Private pharmacy 240 Private mobile clinic 250 Private community health worker 300 RELIGIOUS/MISSION 310 Religious hospital/clinic 320 Religious health post 330 Religious pharmacy/dispensary 400 OTHER 410 Shop 420 Traditional practitioner 430 Friend/relative 440 Media 441 Radio 442 Printed material 443 TV 450 Immunization card 995 Other 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For women who prepared ORS for their child's diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, ORSINFOSRC (V425) reports where she learned about preparing a homemade ORS fluid for diarrhea treatment. Response categories vary across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Known source for ORS: Private doctor Known source for ORS: Private doctor Known source for ORS: Private doctor Known source for ORS: Private doctor Known source for ORS: Private doctor 488) Where can you get this packet? PROBE: Anywhere else? RECORD ALL PLACES MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D PEOPLE'S PHARMACY E MOBILE CLINIC F FIRST AID WORKER G PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL H PRIVATE PHARMACY I PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE J PRIVATE DISPENSARY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE L NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE M OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ N No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ORSPRIVDR (V424L) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a private doctor as a source for oral rehydration solution (ORS). ORS is a typically used to treat dehydration in individuals with diarrhea. IPUMS Known source for ORS: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Known source for ORS: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Known source for ORS: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Known source for ORS: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Known source for ORS: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary 488) Where can you get this packet? PROBE: Anywhere else? RECORD ALL PLACES MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D PEOPLE'S PHARMACY E MOBILE CLINIC F FIRST AID WORKER G PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL H PRIVATE PHARMACY I PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE J PRIVATE DISPENSARY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE L NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE M OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ N ***** 488) Where can you get this packet? PROBE: Anywhere else? RECORD ALL PLACES MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D PEOPLE'S PHARMACY E MOBILE CLINIC F FIRST AID WORKER G PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL H PRIVATE PHARMACY I PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE J PRIVATE DISPENSARY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE L NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE M OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ N ***** 488) Where can you get this packet? PROBE: Anywhere else? RECORD ALL PLACES MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D PEOPLE'S PHARMACY E MOBILE CLINIC F FIRST AID WORKER G PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL H PRIVATE PHARMACY I PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE J PRIVATE DISPENSARY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE L NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE M OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ N No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ORSPRIVDRUG (V424K) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary as a source for oral rehydration solution (ORS). ORS is a typically used to treat dehydration in individuals with diarrhea. Some samples in the "ORS" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of private, formal drug vendors that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in ORSPUBHC. IPUMS Known source for ORS: Private hospital/clinic Known source for ORS: Private hospital/clinic Known source for ORS: Private hospital/clinic Known source for ORS: Private hospital/clinic Known source for ORS: Private hospital/clinic 488) Where can you get this packet? PROBE: Anywhere else? RECORD ALL PLACES MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D PEOPLE'S PHARMACY E MOBILE CLINIC F FIRST AID WORKER G PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL H PRIVATE PHARMACY I PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE J PRIVATE DISPENSARY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE L NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE M OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ N No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ORSPRIVHOS (V424J) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a private hospital or clinic as a source for an oral rehydration solution (ORS). ORS is a typically used to treat dehydration in individuals with diarrhea. IPUMS Known source for ORS: Public fieldworker Known source for ORS: Public fieldworker Known source for ORS: Public fieldworker Known source for ORS: Public fieldworker Known source for ORS: Public fieldworker 488) Where can you get this packet? PROBE: Anywhere else? RECORD ALL PLACES MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D PEOPLE'S PHARMACY E MOBILE CLINIC F FIRST AID WORKER G PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL H PRIVATE PHARMACY I PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE J PRIVATE DISPENSARY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE L NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE M OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ N No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ORSPUBFW (V424E) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a public fieldworker as a source for an oral rehydration solution (ORS). ORS is a typically used to treat dehydration in individuals with diarrhea. Some samples in the "ORS" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public fieldworkers that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in ORSPUBHC. IPUMS Known source for ORS: Public health center Known source for ORS: Public health center Known source for ORS: Public health center Known source for ORS: Public health center Known source for ORS: Public health center 488) Where can you get this packet? PROBE: Anywhere else? RECORD ALL PLACES MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D PEOPLE'S PHARMACY E MOBILE CLINIC F FIRST AID WORKER G PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL H PRIVATE PHARMACY I PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE J PRIVATE DISPENSARY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE L NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE M OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ N No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ORSPUBHC (V424B) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a public health center as a source for oral rehydration solution (ORS). ORS is a typically used to treat dehydration in individuals with diarrhea. Some samples in the "ORS" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public health centers that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in ORSPUBHC. IPUMS Known source for ORS: Public hospital Known source for ORS: Public hospital Known source for ORS: Public hospital Known source for ORS: Public hospital Known source for ORS: Public hospital 488) Where can you get this packet? PROBE: Anywhere else? RECORD ALL PLACES MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D PEOPLE'S PHARMACY E MOBILE CLINIC F FIRST AID WORKER G PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL H PRIVATE PHARMACY I PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE J PRIVATE DISPENSARY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE L NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE M OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ N No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ORSPUBHOS (V424A) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a public hospital as a source for oral rehydration solution (ORS). ORS is a typically used to treat dehydration in individuals with diarrhea. IPUMS Known source for ORS: Public health post Known source for ORS: Public health post Known source for ORS: Public health post Known source for ORS: Public health post Known source for ORS: Public health post 488) Where can you get this packet? PROBE: Anywhere else? RECORD ALL PLACES MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D PEOPLE'S PHARMACY E MOBILE CLINIC F FIRST AID WORKER G PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL H PRIVATE PHARMACY I PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE J PRIVATE DISPENSARY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE L NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE M OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ N No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ORSPUBHP (V424C) indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the woman reported a public health post as a source for oral rehydration solution (ORS). ORS is a typically used to treat dehydration in individuals with diarrhea. Some samples in the "ORS" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. IPUMS Known source for ORS: Public mobile clinic Known source for ORS: Public mobile clinic Known source for ORS: Public mobile clinic Known source for ORS: Public mobile clinic Known source for ORS: Public mobile clinic 488) Where can you get this packet? PROBE: Anywhere else? RECORD ALL PLACES MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D PEOPLE'S PHARMACY E MOBILE CLINIC F FIRST AID WORKER G PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL H PRIVATE PHARMACY I PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE J PRIVATE DISPENSARY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE L NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE M OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ N No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ORSPUBMOB (V424D) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a public mobile clinic as a source for oral rehydration solution (ORS). ORS is a typically used to treat dehydration in individuals with diarrhea. IPUMS Known source of ORS: Other Known source of ORS: Other Known source of ORS: Other Known source of ORS: Other Known source of ORS: Other 488) Where can you get this packet? PROBE: Anywhere else? RECORD ALL PLACES MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D PEOPLE'S PHARMACY E MOBILE CLINIC F FIRST AID WORKER G PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL H PRIVATE PHARMACY I PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE J PRIVATE DISPENSARY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE L NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE M OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ N No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ORSOTHER (V424X) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported some "other" place as a source for oral rehydration solution (ORS). The meaning of "other" depends on the specific response categories included in a given sample. ORS is a typically used to treat dehydration in individuals with diarrhea. IPUMS Known source for ORS: Private pharmacy (Niger) Known source for ORS: Private pharmacy (Niger) Known source for ORS: Private pharmacy (Niger) Known source for ORS: Private pharmacy (Niger) Known source for ORS: Private pharmacy (Niger) 488) Where can you get this packet? PROBE: Anywhere else? RECORD ALL PLACES MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D PEOPLE'S PHARMACY E MOBILE CLINIC F FIRST AID WORKER G PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL H PRIVATE PHARMACY I PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE J PRIVATE DISPENSARY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE L NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE M OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ N No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ORSNE1 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a private pharmacy as a source for oral rehydration solution (ORS). ORS is typically used to treat dehydration in individuals with diarrhea. This response is country-specific to Niger. Some samples in the "ORS" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. ORSNE1 is combined with ORSNE2 (private dispensary) and ORSNE3 (private pharmaceutic depot) in ORSPRIVDRUG (all private, formal drug vendors) for the 1992 Niger sample. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using ORSNE1 are encouraged to review ORSPRIVDRUG for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for ORS: Private dispensary (Niger) Known source for ORS: Private dispensary (Niger) Known source for ORS: Private dispensary (Niger) Known source for ORS: Private dispensary (Niger) Known source for ORS: Private dispensary (Niger) 488) Where can you get this packet? PROBE: Anywhere else? RECORD ALL PLACES MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D PEOPLE'S PHARMACY E MOBILE CLINIC F FIRST AID WORKER G PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL H PRIVATE PHARMACY I PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE J PRIVATE DISPENSARY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE L NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE M OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ N No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ORSNE2 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a private dispensary as a source for oral rehydration solution (ORS). ORS is typically used to treat dehydration in individuals with diarrhea. This response is country-specific to Niger. Some samples in the "ORS" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. ORSNE2 is combined with ORSNE1 (private pharmacy) and ORSNE3 (private pharmaceutic depot) in ORSPRIVDRUG (all private, formal drug vendors) for the 1992 Niger sample. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using ORSNE2 are encouraged to review ORSPRIVDRUG for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for ORS: Private pharmaceutic depot (Niger) Known source for ORS: Private pharmaceutic depot (Niger) Known source for ORS: Private pharmaceutic depot (Niger) Known source for ORS: Private pharmaceutic depot (Niger) Known source for ORS: Private pharmaceutic depot (Niger) 488) Where can you get this packet? PROBE: Anywhere else? RECORD ALL PLACES MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D PEOPLE'S PHARMACY E MOBILE CLINIC F FIRST AID WORKER G PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL H PRIVATE PHARMACY I PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE J PRIVATE DISPENSARY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE L NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE M OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ N No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ORSNE3 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a private pharmaceutic depot as a source for oral rehydration solution (ORS). ORS is typically used to treat dehydration in individuals with diarrhea. This response is country-specific to Niger. Some samples in the "ORS" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. ORSNE3 is combined with ORSNE1 (private pharmacy) and ORSNE2 (private dispensary) in ORSPRIVDRUG (all private, formal drug vendors) for the 1992 Niger sample. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using ORSNE3 are encouraged to review ORSPRIVDRUG for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Code of person measuring children's height and weight Code of person measuring children's height and weight Code of person measuring children's height and weight Code of person measuring children's height and weight Code of person measuring children's height and weight 913) NAME OF MEASURER: ___ NAME OF ASSISTANT: ___ MOTHER 90 OTHER MEMBERS OF HOUSEHOLD 91 OTHER PERSONS 92 99999 NIU (not in universe) 99998 Missing 99997 Don't know 99996 Inconsistent 99995 No living children under 5 For women who gave birth in the three to five years before the survey, BIOMEASCODE (V420) reports the code assigned to the person measuring their children's height and weight. Codes are sample-specific; a given numeric code in one sample refers to a different person than the same numeric code in another sample. Using the measurer and assistant measurer (BIOASSTMEASCODE (V421)) codes, researchers can evaluate whether the quality of responses (e.g., the number of "out of range" cases) depended on the person measuring the children. IPUMS Code of assistant measurer Code of assistant measurer Code of assistant measurer Code of assistant measurer Code of assistant measurer 913) NAME OF MEASURER: ___ NAME OF ASSISTANT: ___ MOTHER 90 OTHER MEMBERS OF HOUSEHOLD 91 OTHER PERSONS 92 9992 Child's mother 9993 Household member 9994 Other 9995 No living children under 5 9996 Inconsistent 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the three to five years before the survey, BIOASSTMEASCODE (V421) reports the code assigned to the assistant measurer of their children's height and weight. Codes are sample-specific; a given numeric code in one sample refers to a different person than the same numeric code in another sample. Using the measurer (BIOMEASCODE (V420)) and assistant measurer codes, researchers can evaluate whether the quality of responses (e.g., the number of "out of range" cases) depended on the person measuring the children. IPUMS Weight of woman (kilos) Weight of woman (kilos) Weight of woman (kilos) Weight of woman (kilos) Weight of woman (kilos) 909) WEIGHT (IN KILOGRAMS): WEIGHT: ___ 9994 Not present 9995 Refused 9996 Other 9997 Out of plausible range 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) WEIGHTFEM (V437) reports the woman's weight as measured by DHS personnel. There is one implied decimal place in the weight. Dividing WEIGHTFEM by 10 will yield the woman's measured weight in kilograms. IPUMS Height of woman in centimeters Height of woman in centimeters Height of woman in centimeters Height of woman in centimeters Height of woman in centimeters 907) HEIGHT (IN CENTIMETERS): HEIGHT: ___ 9994 Not present 9995 Refused 9996 Other 9997 Out of plausible range 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) HEIGHTFEM (V438) reports the woman's height as measured by DHS personnel. HEIGHTFEM values are reported in millimeters, to preserve one centimeter decimal place without requiring the use of a decimal point. Dividing HEIGHTFEM by 10 will yield the woman's measured height in centimeters. IPUMS Height for age percentile for respondents to women's survey Height for age percentile for respondents to women's survey Height for age percentile for respondents to women's survey Height for age percentile for respondents to women's survey Height for age percentile for respondents to women's survey 907) HEIGHT (IN CENTIMETERS): HEIGHT: ___ 9995 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFHTAPCT (V439) reports the respondent's height-for-age percentile, based on smoothed percentile growth charts by age and sex developed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control. The reference standard contains data for children up to age 18. For all women age 18 and over, the value for 215 months (17 years, 11 months) is used, based on the assumption that women are fully grown by age18. HEIGHTFEM (V438) reports the respondent's length or height as measured by DHS personnel. IPUMS Height for age standard deviations from the reference median (for respondents to female survey) Height for age standard deviations from the reference median (for respondents to female survey) Height for age standard deviations from the reference median (for respondents to female survey) Height for age standard deviations from the reference median (for respondents to female survey) Height for age standard deviations from the reference median (for respondents to female survey) 907) HEIGHT (IN CENTIMETERS): HEIGHT: ___ 9995 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFHTASDRM (V440) reports the difference between the respondent's height and the median height of a reference population of the same age and sex, expressed in units equal to one standard deviation of the reference population's distribution. An anthropometry measure expressed in reference standard deviation units is also known as a Z-score. BIOFHTASDRM values are reported in units equal to 100 times the Z-score, to preserve two decimal places without requiring the use of a decimal point. Dividing BIOFHTASDRM by 100 will yield the height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) value. The reference standard contains data for children up to age 18. For all women age 18 and over, the value of 215 months (17 years, 11 months) is used, based on the assumption that women are fully grown by age 18. HEIGHTFEM (V438) reports the respondent's length or height, as measured by DHS personnel. The complementary DHS variable BIOFHTAPCT (V439) reports the respondent's height-for-age percentile within the same reference population used in BIOFHTASDRM. The complementary DHS variable BIOFHTAPCTRM (V441) reports the respondent's height-for-age as a percentage of the median of the same reference population. Unlike z-scores, percentiles do not allow comparison across age and sex and cannot assess longitudinal change in growth status. IPUMS Height for Age percent of reference median for respondents to female survey Height for Age percent of reference median for respondents to female survey Height for Age percent of reference median for respondents to female survey Height for Age percent of reference median for respondents to female survey Height for Age percent of reference median for respondents to female survey 907) HEIGHT (IN CENTIMETERS): HEIGHT: ___ 99995 Flagged cases 99998 Missing 99999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFHTAPCTRM (V441) reports the respondent's height-for-age as a percent of the median height for a reference population of the same age and sex. For this variable, the reference population was developed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control. The reference standard contains data for children up to age 18. For all women age 18 and over, the value of 215 months (17 years, 11 months) is used, based on the assumption that women are fully grown by age 18. HEIGHTFEM (V438) reports the respondent's length or height as measured by DHS personnel. The related variable BIOFHTAPCT (V439) reports the respondent's height-for-age percentile relative to smoothed percentile growth charts by age and sex, for the same reference population. IPUMS Weight for height percent of reference median (DHS) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (DHS) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (DHS) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (DHS) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (DHS) (respondents to women's survey) 909) WEIGHT (IN KILOGRAMS): WEIGHT: ___ 99995 Flagged cases 99998 Missing 99999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFWTHTRMDHS (V442) reports the respondent's weight-for-height as a percent of the median weight for a reference population of the same height. For this variable, the reference population was developed by the DHS Program. This index has been adjusted for pregnant women according to duration of pregnancy. The following variables report the respondent's weight for height as a percent of the median weight for different reference populations: BIOFWTHTRMFOG (V443) uses Metropolitan Life or Fogarty reference standards BIOFWTHTRMWHO (V444) uses WHO reference standards IPUMS Weight for height percent of reference median (MetLife or Fogarty) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (MetLife or Fogarty) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (MetLife or Fogarty) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (MetLife or Fogarty) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (MetLife or Fogarty) (respondents to women's survey) 909) WEIGHT (IN KILOGRAMS): WEIGHT: ___ 99995 Flagged cases 99998 Missing 99999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFWTHTRMFOG (V443) reports the respondent's weight-for-height as a percent of the median weight for a reference population of the same height. This variable uses the Metropolitan Life or Fogarty reference standard. This index has been adjusted for pregnant women according to duration of pregnancy. The following variables report the respondent's weight for height as a percent of the median weight for different reference populations: BIOFWTHTRMDHS (V442) uses a DHS reference standard BIOFWTHTRMWHO (V444) uses the WHO reference standard IPUMS Weight for height percent of reference median (WHO) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (WHO) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (WHO) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (WHO) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (WHO) (respondents to women's survey) 909) WEIGHT (IN KILOGRAMS): WEIGHT: ___ 99995 Flagged cases 99998 Missing 99999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFWTHTRMWHO (V444) reports the respondent's weight-for-height as a percent of the median weight for a reference population of the same height. This variable uses the World Health Organization (WHO) reference standard. This index has been adjusted for pregnant women according to duration of pregnancy. The following variables report the respondent's weight for height as a percent of the median weight for different reference populations: BIOFWTHTRMDHS (V442) uses a DHS reference standard BIOFWTHTRMFOG (V444) uses the Metropolitan Life or Fogarty reference standard IPUMS Body Mass Index (BMI) for respondents to the women's survey Body Mass Index (BMI) for respondents to the women's survey Body Mass Index (BMI) for respondents to the women's survey Body Mass Index (BMI) for respondents to the women's survey Body Mass Index (BMI) for respondents to the women's survey 909) WEIGHT (IN KILOGRAMS): WEIGHT: ___ 9995 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFBMI (V445) reports the female respondent's body mass index (BMI). BMI is an anthropometric measure relating weight to height, equal to body weight (kilograms) divided by height (meters) squared (W/(H^2)). Also known as the Quetelet Index, BMI is a measure of acute nutritional status, based on the Fogarty Metropolitan Life tables of ideal weight for height. The DHS Guide to Statistics offers the following guidelines for interpreting BMI scores for women age 15-49: Severely thin: less than 16.0 Moderately thin: 16.0 to 16.9 Mildly thin: 17.0 to 18.4 Normal: 18.5 to 24.9 Overweight: 25.0 to 29.9 Obese: 30.0 or more The original height and weight values used to calculate BMI are also included in IPUMS-DHS. WEIGHTFEM (V437) reports the respondent's weight in kilograms, as measured by DHS personnel; HEIGHTFEM (V438) reports the person's length or height in centimeters, as measured by DHS personnel. For an alternate measure of female nutrition, IPUMS-DHS users may also be interested in BIOFROHRER (V446), which reports the respondent's Rohrer's Index. This measure is equal to body weight (kilograms) divided by height (meters) cubed (W/(H^3)). IPUMS Rohrer's index (mass/height cubed) (for respondents to female survey) Rohrer's index (mass/height cubed) (for respondents to female survey) Rohrer's index (mass/height cubed) (for respondents to female survey) Rohrer's index (mass/height cubed) (for respondents to female survey) Rohrer's index (mass/height cubed) (for respondents to female survey) 909) WEIGHT (IN KILOGRAMS): WEIGHT: ___ 9995 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFROHRER (V446) reports the respondent's Rohrer's Index. Rohrer's Index is an anthropometric measure relating weight to height, equal to body weight (kilograms) divided by height (meters) cubed (W/(H^3)). Rohrer's Index is a measure of acute nutritional status, and may be used as an alternative to Body Mass Index. The original height and weight values used to calculate Rohrer's Index are also included in IPUMS-DHS. WEIGHTFEM (V437) reports the respondent's weight in kilograms as measured by DHS personnel; HEIGHTFEM (V438) reports their length or height in centimeters as measured by DHS personnel. For an alternate measure of female nutrition, IPUMS-DHS users may also be interested in BIOFBMI (V445), which reports the respondent's Body Mass Index (BMI), which is equal to body weight (kilograms) divided by height (meters) squared (W/(H^2)). IPUMS Result of measurement of the respondent Result of measurement of the respondent Result of measurement of the respondent Result of measurement of the respondent Result of measurement of the respondent 912) RESULT (WEIGHT AND HEIGHT): MEASURED 1 CHILD SICK 2 ABSENT 3 REFUSED 4 MOTHER REFUSED 5 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 6 00 Measured 10 Not measured 11 Sick 12 Not present 13 Refused 14 Incapacitated 15 Technical problems 19 Other 20 No measurement found in household 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) BIOFWHYNOTMEAS (V447) indicates whether the respondent was measured for height and weight, or, if not, why she was not measured. All "Not measured" responses have a common first digit of "1," while the second digit reveals the reason (e.g., sick, not present, refused). IPUMS Arm circumference (cm) Arm circumference (cm) Arm circumference (cm) Arm circumference (cm) Arm circumference (cm) 910) ARM CIRCUMFERENCE (IN CENTIMETERS): CIRCUMFERENCE: ___ 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the three to five years before the survey, BIOFARMCIRCCM (V436) reports the circumference of the respondent's left upper arm in millimeters. Dividing BIOFARMCIRCCM by 10 yields the respondent's measured arm circumference in centimeters. IPUMS-DHS has not recoded any numeric values in BIOFARMCIRCCM. However, some values are outside of a plausible range for adult arm circumference. Researchers are encouraged to set upper and lower bounds to reflect a plausible range. IPUMS Sex of child Sex of child Sex of child Sex of child Sex of child 214) Is (NAME) a boy or a girl? BOY 1 GIRL 2 1 Male 2 Female KIDSEX (B4) reports the sex of the child. IPUMS Child is alive Child is alive Child is alive Child is alive Child is alive 216) Is (NAME) still alive? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 220) No 1 Yes KIDALIVE (B5) reports whether the child was alive or dead at the time of interview. IPUMS Child's month of birth Child's month of birth Child's month of birth Child's month of birth Child's month of birth 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December KIDBIRTHMO (B1) reports the child's month of birth, according to the Gregorian calendar. IPUMS Child's year of birth Child's year of birth Child's year of birth Child's year of birth Child's year of birth 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 1948 1948 1949 1949 1950 1950 1951 1951 1952 1952 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 KIDBIRTHYR (B2) reports the child's year of birth, according to the Gregorian calendar. IPUMS Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 Month, year, and day complete 02 Month and year complete 03 Year and season 04 Year, season, and age - month imputed 05 Year and age - month imputed 06 Year and age - year ignored 07 Month and age - year imputed 08 Year - age calculated, month imputed 09 Year - age and month imputed 10 Age - year calculated, month imputed 11 Age - year and month imputed 12 Month - age, year imputed 13 None - all imputed 96 Inconsistent 98 Missing KIDAGEINFO (B10) reports the completeness of information about the child's age and date of birth. IPUMS Current age of child in years Current age of child in years Current age of child in years Current age of child in years Current age of child in years 217) IF ALIVE: How old was (NAME) at his/her last birthday? RECORD AGE IN COMPLETED YEARS. AGE IN YEARS: ___ 00 Less than 1 year 01 1 year 02 2 years 03 3 years 04 4 years 05 5 years 06 6 years 07 7 years 08 8 years 09 9 years 10 10 years 11 11 years 12 12 years 13 13 years 14 14 years 15 15 years 16 16 years 17 17 years 18 18 years 19 19 years 20 20 years 21 21 years 22 22 years 23 23 years 24 24 years 25 25 years 26 26 years 27 27 years 28 28 years 29 29 years 30 30 years 31 31 years 32 32 years 33 33 years 34 34 years 35 35 years 36 36 years 37 37 years 38 38 years 39 39 years 40 40 years 41 41 years 42 42 years 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) KIDCURAGE (B8) reports the current age of the child, in years, at the time of the survey. IPUMS Child's date of birth (CMC) Child's date of birth (CMC) Child's date of birth (CMC) Child's date of birth (CMC) Child's date of birth (CMC) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ KIDDOBCMC (B3) reports the century month code for the date of birth of the child. KIDDOBCMC (B3) is a 4-digit variable. IPUMS Child's birth order number Child's birth order number Child's birth order number Child's birth order number Child's birth order number 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 KIDBORD (BORD) reports the birth order in which the child was born, from 1 to n, where 1 = the first child born to a mother, and the nth birth is the most recently born child. Up to 20 births could be reported by a woman. IPUMS Child is twin or single birth Child is twin or single birth Child is twin or single birth Child is twin or single birth Child is twin or single birth 213) When (NAME) was born, was he/she alone or did he/she have a twin? SINGLE 1 MULTIPLE 2 10 Single birth/not a twin 20 Twin or multiple 21 1st of multiple births 22 2nd of multiple births 23 3rd of multiple births 24 4th of multiple births 25 5th of multiple births 26 6th of multiple births KIDTWIN (B0) reports whether the child is a twin (or born in a multiple birth) or is a single birth. IPUMS Child age at death (non-imputed) Child age at death (non-imputed) Child age at death (non-imputed) Child age at death (non-imputed) Child age at death (non-imputed) 220) IF DECEASED: How old was he/she when he/she died? IF '1 YR', PROBE: How many months old was (NAME)? RECORD DAYS IF LESS THAN ONE MONTH, MONTHS IF LESS THAN TWO YEARS, OR IN YEARS. DAYS: ___ 1 MONTHS: ___ 2 YEARS: ___ 3 100 Days: Died on day of birth 101 1 day 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 131 31 days 132 32 days 133 33 days 134 34 days 135 35 days 136 36 days 137 37 days 138 38 days 139 39 days 140 40 days 141 41 days 142 42 days 143 43 days 144 44 days 145 45 days 198 Days, unknown 199 Days old, number missing 200 Months old: Month of birth 201 1 month 202 2 months 203 3 months 204 4 months 205 5 months 206 6 months 207 7 months 208 8 months 209 9 months 210 10 months 211 11 months 212 12 months 213 13 months 214 14 months 215 15 months 216 16 months 217 17 months 218 18 months 219 19 months 220 20 months 221 21 months 222 22 months 223 23 months 224 24 months 225 25 months 226 26 months 227 27 months 228 28 months 229 29 months 230 30 months 231 31 months 232 32 months 233 33 months 234 34 months 235 35 months 236 36 months 237 37 months 238 38 months 239 39 months 240 40 months 241 41 months 242 42 months 243 43 months 244 44 months 245 45 months 246 46 months 247 47 months 248 48 months 249 49 months 250 50 months 251 51 months 252 52 months 253 53 months 254 54 months 255 55 months 256 56 months 257 57 months 258 58 months 259 59 months 260 60 months 261 61 months 262 62 months 263 63 months 264 64 months 265 65 months 266 66 months 297 Months, inconsistent 298 Months, unknown 299 Months old, number missing 300 Years 301 1 year 302 2 years 303 3 years 304 4 years 305 5 years 306 6 years 307 7 years 308 8 years 309 9 years 310 10 years 311 11 years 312 12 years 313 13 years 314 14 years 315 15 years 316 16 years 317 17 years 318 18 years 319 19 years 320 20 years 321 21 years 322 22 years 323 23 years 324 24 years 325 25 years 326 26 years 327 27 years 328 28 years 329 29 years 330 30 years 331 31 years 332 32 years 333 33 years 334 34 years 335 35 years 336 36 years 337 37 years 338 38 years 339 39 years 340 40 years 397 Years old, number inconsistent 398 Years old, number unknown 399 Years old, number missing 997 Inconsistent 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For deceased children, KIDAGEDEATH (B6) reports the age of the child at death in days, months or years. The first digit of the codes indicates the time unit: 1 for days, 2 for months, 3 for years. IPUMS Child's age at death in month (including imputed) Child's age at death in month (including imputed) Child's age at death in month (including imputed) Child's age at death in month (including imputed) Child's age at death in month (including imputed) 220) IF DECEASED: How old was he/she when he/she died? IF '1 YR', PROBE: How many months old was (NAME)? RECORD DAYS IF LESS THAN ONE MONTH, MONTHS IF LESS THAN TWO YEARS, OR IN YEARS. DAYS: ___ 1 MONTHS: ___ 2 YEARS: ___ 3 999 NIU (not in universe) For deceased children, KIDAGEDIEDIMP (B7) reports the age of the child at death in months (including imputed ages). IPUMS Flags for reported age at death of child Flags for reported age at death of child Flags for reported age at death of child Flags for reported age at death of child Flags for reported age at death of child No flag 1 Reported age places death after interview 2 Reported age less than reported duration breastfeeding 3 Reported age less than age given supplemental food 4 Reported age less than age first breastfed 5 Reported age before last vaccination 6 Reported age outside expected range for units 7 Reported age was imputed, units given 8 Reported age was imputed, units not given 9 NIU (not in universe) KIDAGEDEATHFLAG (B13) reports the type of problem, if any, found when editing responses about the child's age at death (in KIDAGEDEATH). A code of 0 indicates no problem with the original response. IPUMS Child lives with female respondent or with others Child lives with female respondent or with others Child lives with female respondent or with others Child lives with female respondent or with others Child lives with female respondent or with others 218) IF ALIVE: Is (NAME) living with you? YES 1 (GO TO NEXT BIRTH) NO 2 10 Woman respondent 20 Elsewhere 21 With father 22 With other relative 23 With someone else 24 Child age 15+, lives elsewhere 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) KIDLIVESWITH (B9) reports the person the child usually lives with (i.e., the child's mother or someone else). IPUMS Length of preceding birth interval, in months Length of preceding birth interval, in months Length of preceding birth interval, in months Length of preceding birth interval, in months Length of preceding birth interval, in months 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 005 5 004 4 003 3 002 2 001 1 000 998 Missing 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 035 35 036 36 037 37 038 38 039 39 040 40 041 41 042 42 043 43 044 44 045 45 046 46 047 47 048 48 049 49 050 50 051 51 052 52 053 53 054 54 055 55 056 56 057 57 058 58 059 59 060 60 061 61 062 62 063 63 064 64 065 65 066 66 067 67 068 68 069 69 070 70 071 71 072 72 073 73 074 74 075 75 076 76 077 77 078 78 079 79 080 80 081 81 082 82 083 83 084 84 085 85 086 86 087 87 088 88 089 89 090 90 091 91 092 92 093 93 094 94 095 95 096 96 097 97 098 98 099 99 100 100 101 101 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 107 107 108 108 109 109 110 110 111 111 112 112 113 113 114 114 115 115 116 116 117 117 118 118 119 119 120 120 121 121 122 122 123 123 124 124 125 125 126 126 127 127 128 128 129 129 130 130 131 131 132 132 133 133 134 134 135 135 136 136 137 137 138 138 139 139 140 140 141 141 142 142 143 143 144 144 145 145 146 146 147 147 148 148 149 149 150 150 151 151 152 152 153 153 154 154 155 155 156 156 157 157 158 158 159 159 160 160 161 161 162 162 163 163 164 164 165 165 166 166 167 167 168 168 169 169 170 170 171 171 172 172 173 173 174 174 175 175 176 176 177 177 178 178 179 179 180 180 181 181 182 182 183 183 184 184 185 185 186 186 187 187 188 188 189 189 190 190 191 191 192 192 193 193 194 194 195 195 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 200 200 201 201 202 202 203 203 204 204 205 205 206 206 207 207 208 208 209 209 210 210 211 211 212 212 213 213 214 214 215 215 216 216 217 217 218 218 219 219 220 220 221 221 222 222 223 223 224 224 225 225 226 226 227 227 228 228 229 229 230 230 231 231 232 232 233 233 234 234 235 235 236 236 237 237 238 238 239 239 240 240 241 241 242 242 243 243 244 244 245 245 246 246 247 247 248 248 249 249 250 250 251 251 252 252 253 253 254 254 255 255 256 256 257 257 258 258 259 259 260 260 261 261 262 262 263 263 264 264 265 265 266 266 267 267 268 268 269 269 270 270 271 271 272 272 273 273 274 274 275 275 276 276 277 277 278 278 279 279 280 280 281 281 282 282 283 283 284 284 285 285 286 286 287 287 288 288 289 289 290 290 291 291 292 292 293 293 294 294 295 295 296 296 297 297 298 298 299 299 300 300 301 301 302 302 303 303 304 304 305 305 306 306 307 307 308 308 309 309 310 310 311 311 312 312 313 313 314 314 315 315 316 316 317 317 318 318 319 319 320 320 321 321 322 322 323 323 324 324 325 325 326 326 327 327 328 328 329 329 330 330 331 331 332 332 333 333 334 334 335 335 336 336 337 337 338 338 339 339 340 340 341 341 342 342 343 343 344 344 345 345 346 346 347 347 348 348 349 349 350 350 351 351 352 352 353 353 354 354 355 355 356 356 357 357 358 358 359 359 360 360 361 361 362 362 363 363 364 364 365 365 999 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years preceding the survey who are not the first-born, or the twin of the first-born, child, BIRTHINTPREMO (B11) indicates the preceding birth interval, or the length of time in months the child was born after the mother's previous birth (i.e., after the child's first older sibling). IPUMS Length of following birth interval, in months Length of following birth interval, in months Length of following birth interval, in months Length of following birth interval, in months Length of following birth interval, in months 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 999 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years preceding the survey who are not the last-born, or twin of the last-born, child, BIRTHINTPOSTMO (B12) indicates the succeeding birth interval, or the length of time in months the child was born before the mother's next birth (or before the child's first younger sibling). IPUMS Soil type Soil type Soil type Soil type Soil type -998 Missing 0001 Haplic Acrisols 0002 Haplic Acrisols (Alumic) 0003 Haplic Acrisols (Ferric) 0004 Haplic Acrisols (Humic) 0005 Plinthic Acrisols 0006 Vetic Acrisols 0007 Haplic Albeluvisols 0008 Histic Albeluvisols 0009 Umbric Albeluvisols 0010 Cutanic Alisols 0011 Haplic Alisols 0012 Aluandic Andosols 0013 Haplic Andosols 0014 Vitric Andosols 0015 Albic Arenosols 0016 Ferralic Arenosols 0017 Haplic Arenosols 0018 Haplic Arenosols (Calcaric) 0019 Hypoluvic Arenosols 0020 Protic Arenosols 0021 Haplic Calcisols 0022 Haplic Calcisols (Sodic) 0023 Luvic Calcisols 0024 Petric Calcisols 0025 Endogleyic Cambisols 0026 Ferralic Cambisols 0027 Haplic Cambisols 0028 Haplic Cambisols (Calcaric) 0029 Haplic Cambisols (Chromic) 0030 Haplic Cambisols (Dystric) 0031 Haplic Cambisols (Eutric) 0032 Haplic Cambisols (Humic) 0033 Haplic Cambisols (Sodic) 0034 Leptic Cambisols 0035 Vertic Cambisols 0036 Calcic Chernozems 0037 Haplic Chernozems 0038 Luvic Chernozems 0039 Haplic Cryosols 0040 Turbic Cryosols 0041 Vitric Cryosols 0042 Petric Durisols 0043 Acric Ferralsols 0044 Haplic Ferralsols 0045 Haplic Ferralsols (Rhodic) 0046 Haplic Ferralsols (Xanthic) 0047 Umbric Ferralsols 0048 Haplic Fluvisols 0049 Haplic Fluvisols (Arenic) 0050 Haplic Fluvisols (Calcaric) 0051 Haplic Fluvisols (Dystric) 0052 Haplic Fluvisols (Eutric) 0053 Calcic Gleysols 0054 Haplic Gleysols 0055 Haplic Gleysols (Dystric) 0056 Haplic Gleysols (Eutric) 0057 Mollic Gleysols 0058 Umbric Gleysols 0059 Calcic Gypsisols 0060 Haplic Gypsisols 0061 Calcic Histosols 0062 Cryic Histosols 0063 Fibric Histosols 0064 Hemic Histosols 0065 Sapric Histosols 0066 Calcic Kastanozems 0067 Haplic Kastanozems 0068 Haplic Leptosols 0069 Haplic Leptosols (Eutric) 0070 Lithic Leptosols 0071 Mollic Leptosols 0072 Rendzic Leptosols 0073 Haplic Lixisols 0074 Haplic Lixisols (Chromic) 0075 Haplic Lixisols (Ferric) 0076 Albic Luvisols 0077 Calcic Luvisols 0078 Gleyic Luvisols 0079 Haplic Luvisols 0080 Haplic Luvisols (Chromic) 0081 Haplic Luvisols (Ferric) 0082 Leptic Luvisols 0083 Stagnic Luvisols 0084 Vertic Luvisols 0085 Alic Nitisols 0086 Haplic Nitisols (Rhodic) 0087 Haplic Phaeozems 0088 Leptic Phaeozems 0089 Luvic Phaeozems 0090 Endogleyic Planosols 0091 Haplic Planosols (Dystric) 0092 Haplic Planosols (Eutric) 0093 Luvic Planosols 0094 Solodic Planosols 0095 Acric Plinthosols 0096 Lixic Plinthosols 0097 Gleyic Podzols 0098 Haplic Podzols 0099 Aric Regosols 0100 Calcaric Regosols 0101 Haplic Regosols (Dystric) 0102 Haplic Regosols (Eutric) 0103 Haplic Regosols (Sodic) 0104 Leptic Regosols 0105 Gypsic Solonchaks 0106 Haplic Solonchaks 0107 Haplic Solonchaks (Sodic) 0108 Calcic Solonetz 0109 Gleyic Solonetz 0110 Haplic Solonetz 0111 Mollic Solonetz 0112 Luvic Stagnosols 0113 Haplic Umbrisols 0114 Leptic Umbrisols 0115 Calcic Vertisols 0116 Haplic Vertisols 0117 Haplic Vertisols (Eutric) 0118 Mollic Vertisols SOIL reports the predominant soil type within a 5-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The soil attributes reported in SOIL are: soil class (e.g., Leptosols), with 30 class categories, and soil type within that class (e.g., Lithic Leptosols). SOIL is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. SOIL is based on data from SoilGrids [URL omitted from DDI.]. SoilGrids is a system for automated soil mapping based on global soil profile and covariate data. There are 118 different soil types in the world according to SoilGrids [URL omitted from DDI.]. For the full list of codes and their meaning, see the soil legend [URL omitted from DDI.]. SOIL, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Ecoregion of household Ecoregion of household Ecoregion of household Ecoregion of household Ecoregion of household -0998 Missing 10101 Admiralty Islands lowland rain forests 10102 Banda Sea Islands moist deciduous forests 10103 Biak-Numfoor rain forests 10104 Buru rain forests 10105 Central Range montane rain forests 10106 Halmahera rain forests 10107 Huon Peninsula montane rain forests 10108 Yapen rain forests 10109 Lord Howe Island subtropical forests 10110 Louisiade Archipelago rain forests 10111 New Britain-New Ireland lowland rain forests 10112 New Britain-New Ireland montane rain forests 10113 New Caledonia rain forests 10114 Norfolk Island subtropical forests 10115 Northern New Guinea lowland rain and freshwater swamp forests 10116 Northern New Guinea montane rain forests 10117 Queensland tropical rain forests 10118 Seram rain forests 10119 Solomon Islands rain forests 10120 Southeastern Papuan rain forests 10121 Southern New Guinea freshwater swamp forests 10122 Southern New Guinea lowland rain forests 10123 Sulawesi lowland rain forests 10124 Sulawesi montane rain forests 10125 Trobriand Islands rain forests 10126 Vanuatu rain forests 10127 Vogelkop montane rain forests 10128 Vogelkop-Aru lowland rain forests 10201 Lesser Sundas deciduous forests 10202 New Caledonia dry forests 10203 Sumba deciduous forests 10204 Timor and Wetar deciduous forests 10401 Chatham Island temperate forests 10402 Eastern Australian temperate forests 10403 Fiordland temperate forests 10404 Nelson Coast temperate forests 10405 North Island temperate forests 10406 Northland temperate kauri forests 10407 Rakiura Island temperate forests 10408 Richmond temperate forests 10409 Southeast Australia temperate forests 10410 South Island temperate forests 10411 Tasmanian Central Highland forests 10412 Tasmanian temperate forests 10413 Tasmanian temperate rain forests 10414 Westland temperate forests 10701 Arnhem Land tropical savanna 10702 Brigalow tropical savanna 10703 Cape York Peninsula tropical savanna 10704 Carpentaria tropical savanna 10705 Einasleigh upland savanna 10706 Kimberly tropical savanna 10707 Mitchell grass downs 10708 Trans Fly savanna and grasslands 10709 Victoria Plains tropical savanna 10801 Cantebury-Otago tussock grasslands 10802 Eastern Australia mulga shrublands 10803 Southeast Australia temperate savanna 11001 Australian Alps montane grasslands 11002 Central Range sub-alpine grasslands 11003 South Island montane grasslands 11101 Antipodes Subantarctic Islands tundra 11201 Coolgardie woodlands 11202 Esperance mallee 11203 Eyre and York mallee 11204 Jarrah-Karri forest and shrublands 11205 Swan Coastal Plain Scrub and Woodlands 11206 Mount Lofty woodlands 11207 Murray-Darling woodlands and mallee 11208 Naracoorte woodlands 11209 Southwest Australia savanna 11210 Southwest Australia woodlands 11301 Carnarvon xeric shrublands 11302 Central Ranges xeric scrub 11303 Gibson desert 11304 Great Sandy-Tanami desert 11305 Great Victoria desert 11306 Nullarbor Plains xeric shrublands 11307 Pilbara shrublands 11308 Simpson desert 11309 Tirari-Sturt stony desert 11310 Western Australian Mulga shrublands 11401 New Guinea mangroves 21101 Marielandia Antarctic tundra 21102 Maudlandia Antarctic desert 21103 Scotia Sea Islands tundra 21104 Southern Indian Ocean Islands tundra 30101 Albertine Rift montane forests 30102 Atlantic Equatorial coastal forests 30103 Cameroonian Highlands forests 30104 Central Congolian lowland forests 30105 Comoros forests 30106 Cross-Niger transition forests 30107 Cross-Sanaga-Bioko coastal forests 30108 East African montane forests 30109 Eastern Arc forests 30110 Eastern Congolian swamp forests 30111 Eastern Guinean forests 30112 Ethiopian montane forests 30113 Granitic Seychelles forests 30114 Guinean montane forests 30115 Knysna-Amatole montane forests 30116 KwaZulu-Cape coastal forest mosaic 30117 Madagascar lowland forests 30118 Madagascar subhumid forests 30119 Maputaland coastal forest mosaic 30120 Mascarene forests 30121 Mount Cameroon and Bioko montane forests 30122 Niger Delta swamp forests 30123 Nigerian lowland forests 30124 Northeastern Congolian lowland forests 30125 Northern Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal forest mosaic 30126 Northwestern Congolian lowland forests 30127 Sao Tome, Principe and Annobon moist lowland forests 30128 Southern Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal forest mosaic 30129 Western Congolian swamp forests 30130 Western Guinean lowland forests 30201 Cape Verde Islands dry forests 30202 Madagascar dry deciduous forests 30203 Zambezian Cryptosepalum dry forests 30701 Angolan Miombo woodlands 30702 Angolan Mopane woodlands 30703 Ascension scrub and grasslands 30704 Central Zambezian Miombo woodlands 30705 East Sudanian savanna 30706 Eastern Miombo woodlands 30707 Guinean forest-savanna mosaic 30708 Itigi-Sumbu thicket 30709 Kalahari Acacia-Baikiaea woodlands 30710 Mandara Plateau mosaic 30711 Northern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets 30712 Northern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic 30713 Sahelian Acacia savanna 30714 Serengeti volcanic grasslands 30715 Somali Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets 30716 Southern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets 30717 Southern Africa bushveld 30718 Southern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic 30719 Southern Miombo woodlands 30720 St. Helena scrub and woodlands 30721 Victoria Basin forest-savanna mosaic 30722 West Sudanian savanna 30723 Western Congolian forest-savanna mosaic 30724 Western Zambezian grasslands 30725 Zambezian and Mopane woodlands 30726 Zambezian Baikiaea woodlands 30801 Al Hajar montane woodlands 30802 Amsterdam and Saint-Paul Islands temperate grasslands 30803 Tristan Da Cunha-Gough Islands shrub and grasslands 30901 East African halophytics 30902 Etosha Pan halophytics 30903 Inner Niger Delta flooded savanna 30904 Lake Chad flooded savanna 30905 Saharan flooded grasslands 30906 Zambezian coastal flooded savanna 30907 Zambezian flooded grasslands 30908 Zambezian halophytics 31001 Angolan montane forest-grassland mosaic 31002 Angolan scarp savanna and woodlands 31003 Drakensberg alti-montane grasslands and woodlands 31004 Drakensberg montane grasslands, woodlands and forests 31005 East African montane moorlands 31006 Eastern Zimbabwe montane forest-grassland mosaic 31007 Ethiopian montane grasslands and woodlands 31008 Ethiopian montane moorlands 31009 Highveld grasslands 31010 Jos Plateau forest-grassland mosaic 31011 Madagascar ericoid thickets 31012 Maputaland-Pondoland bushland and thickets 31013 Rwenzori-Virunga montane moorlands 31014 South Malawi montane forest-grassland mosaic 31015 Southern Rift montane forest-grassland mosaic 31201 Albany thickets 31202 Lowland fynbos and renosterveld 31203 Montane fynbos and renosterveld 31301 Aldabra Island xeric scrub 31302 Arabian Peninsula coastal fog desert 31303 East Saharan montane xeric woodlands 31304 Eritrean coastal desert 31305 Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands 31306 Gulf of Oman desert and semi-desert 31307 Hobyo grasslands and shrublands 31308 Ile Europa and Bassas da India xeric scrub 31309 Kalahari xeric savanna 31310 Kaokoveld desert 31311 Madagascar spiny thickets 31312 Madagascar succulent woodlands 31313 Masai xeric grasslands and shrublands 31314 Nama Karoo 31315 Namib desert 31316 Namibian savanna woodlands 31318 Socotra Island xeric shrublands 31319 Somali montane xeric woodlands 31320 Southwestern Arabian foothills savanna 31321 Southwestern Arabian montane woodlands 31322 Succulent Karoo 31401 Central African mangroves 31402 East African mangroves 31403 Guinean mangroves 31404 Madagascar mangroves 31405 Southern Africa mangroves 40101 Andaman Islands rain forests 40102 Borneo lowland rain forests 40103 Borneo montane rain forests 40104 Borneo peat swamp forests 40105 Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests 40106 Cardamom Mountains rain forests 40107 Chao Phraya freshwater swamp forests 40108 Chao Phraya lowland moist deciduous forests 40109 Chin Hills-Arakan Yoma montane forests 40110 Christmas and Cocos Islands tropical forests 40111 Eastern highlands moist deciduous forests 40112 Eastern Java-Bali montane rain forests 40113 Eastern Java-Bali rain forests 40114 Greater Negros-Panay rain forests 40115 Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests 40116 Irrawaddy freshwater swamp forests 40117 Irrawaddy moist deciduous forests 40118 Jian Nan subtropical evergreen forests 40119 Kayah-Karen montane rain forests 40120 Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests 40121 Luang Prabang montane rain forests 40122 Luzon montane rain forests 40123 Luzon rain forests 40124 Malabar Coast moist forests 40125 Maldives-Lakshadweep-Chagos Archipelago tropical moist forests 40126 Meghalaya subtropical forests 40127 Mentawai Islands rain forests 40128 Mindanao montane rain forests 40129 Mindanao-Eastern Visayas rain forests 40130 Mindoro rain forests 40131 Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rain forests 40132 Myanmar coastal rain forests 40133 Nicobar Islands rain forests 40134 North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests 40135 North Western Ghats montane rain forests 40136 Northern Annamites rain forests 40137 Northern Indochina subtropical forests 40138 Northern Khorat Plateau moist deciduous forests 40139 Northern Thailand-Laos moist deciduous forests 40140 Northern Triangle subtropical forests 40141 Northern Vietnam lowland rain forests 40142 Orissa semi-evergreen forests 40143 Palawan rain forests 40144 Peninsular Malaysian montane rain forests 40145 Peninsular Malaysian peat swamp forests 40146 Peninsular Malaysian rain forests 40147 Red River freshwater swamp forests 40148 South China Sea Islands 40149 South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests 40150 South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests 40151 South Western Ghats montane rain forests 40152 Southern Annamites montane rain forests 40153 Southwest Borneo freshwater swamp forests 40154 Sri Lanka lowland rain forests 40155 Sri Lanka montane rain forests 40156 Sulu Archipelago rain forests 40157 Sumatran freshwater swamp forests 40158 Sumatran lowland rain forests 40159 Sumatran montane rain forests 40160 Sumatran peat swamp forests 40161 Sundaland heath forests 40162 Sundarbans freshwater swamp forests 40163 Tenasserim-South Thailand semi-evergreen rain forests 40164 Tonle Sap freshwater swamp forests 40165 Tonle Sap-Mekong peat swamp forests 40166 Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests 40167 Western Java montane rain forests 40168 Western Java rain forests 40169 Hainan Island monsoon rain forests 40170 Nansei Islands subtropical evergreen forests 40171 South Taiwan monsoon rain forests 40172 Taiwan subtropical evergreen forests 40201 Central Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests 40202 Central Indochina dry forests 40203 Chhota-Nagpur dry deciduous forests 40204 East Deccan dry-evergreen forests 40205 Irrawaddy dry forests 40206 Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests 40207 Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests 40208 Northern dry deciduous forests 40209 South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests 40210 Southeastern Indochina dry evergreen forests 40211 Southern Vietnam lowland dry forests 40212 Sri Lanka dry-zone dry evergreen forests 40301 Himalayan subtropical pine forests 40302 Luzon tropical pine forests 40303 Northeast India-Myanmar pine forests 40304 Sumatran tropical pine forests 40401 Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests 40402 Northern Triangle temperate forests 40403 Western Himalayan broadleaf forests 40501 Eastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests 40502 Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests 40701 Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands 40901 Rann of Kutch seasonal salt marsh 41001 Kinabalu montane alpine meadows 41301 Deccan thorn scrub forests 41302 Indus Valley desert 41303 Northwestern thorn scrub forests 41304 Thar desert 41401 Goadavari-Krishna mangroves 41402 Indochina mangroves 41403 Indus River Delta-Arabian Sea mangroves 41404 Myanmar Coast mangroves 41405 Sunda Shelf mangroves 41406 Sundarbans mangroves 50201 Sonoran-Sinaloan transition subtropical dry forest 50301 Bermuda subtropical conifer forests 50302 Sierra Madre Occidental pine-oak forests 50303 Sierra Madre Oriental pine-oak forests 50401 Allegheny Highlands forests 50402 Appalachian mixed mesophytic forests 50403 Appalachian-Blue Ridge forests 50404 Central U.S. hardwood forests 50405 East Central Texas forests 50406 Eastern forest-boreal transition 50407 Eastern Great Lakes lowland forests 50408 Gulf of St. Lawrence lowland forests 50409 Mississippi lowland forests 50410 New England-Acadian forests 50411 Northeastern coastal forests 50412 Ozark Mountain forests 50413 Southeastern mixed forests 50414 Southern Great Lakes forests 50415 Upper Midwest forest-savanna transition 50416 Western Great Lakes forests 50417 Willamette Valley forests 50501 Alberta Mountain forests 50502 Alberta-British Columbia foothills forests 50503 Arizona Mountains forests 50504 Atlantic coastal pine barrens 50505 Blue Mountains forests 50506 British Columbia mainland coastal forests 50507 Cascade Mountains leeward forests 50508 Central and Southern Cascades forests 50509 Central British Columbia Mountain forests 50510 Central Pacific coastal forests 50511 Colorado Rockies forests 50512 Eastern Cascades forests 50513 Florida sand pine scrub 50514 Fraser Plateau and Basin complex 50515 Great Basin montane forests 50516 Klamath-Siskiyou forests 50517 Middle Atlantic coastal forests 50518 North Central Rockies forests 50519 Northern California coastal forests 50520 Northern Pacific coastal forests 50521 Northern transitional alpine forests 50522 Okanagan dry forests 50523 Piney Woods forests 50524 Puget lowland forests 50525 Queen Charlotte Islands 50526 Sierra Juarez and San Pedro Martir pine-oak forests 50527 Sierra Nevada forests 50528 South Central Rockies forests 50529 Southeastern conifer forests 50530 Wasatch and Uinta montane forests 50601 Alaska Peninsula montane taiga 50602 Central Canadian Shield forests 50603 Cook Inlet taiga 50604 Copper Plateau taiga 50605 Eastern Canadian forests 50606 Eastern Canadian Shield taiga 50607 Interior Alaska-Yukon lowland taiga 50608 Mid-Continental Canadian forests 50609 Midwestern Canadian Shield forests 50610 Muskwa-Slave Lake forests 50611 Newfoundland Highland forests 50612 Northern Canadian Shield taiga 50613 Northern Cordillera forests 50614 Northwest Territories taiga 50615 South Avalon-Burin oceanic barrens 50616 Southern Hudson Bay taiga 50617 Yukon Interior dry forests 50701 Western Gulf coastal grasslands 50801 California Central Valley grasslands 50802 Canadian Aspen forests and parklands 50803 Central and Southern mixed grasslands 50804 Central forest-grasslands transition 50805 Central tall grasslands 50806 Edwards Plateau savanna 50807 Flint Hills tall grasslands 50808 Montana Valley and Foothill grasslands 50809 Nebraska Sand Hills mixed grasslands 50810 Northern mixed grasslands 50811 Northern short grasslands 50812 Northern tall grasslands 50813 Palouse grasslands 50814 Texas blackland prairies 50815 Western short grasslands 51101 Alaska-St. Elias Range tundra 51102 Aleutian Islands tundra 51103 Arctic coastal tundra 51104 Arctic foothills tundra 51105 Baffin coastal tundra 51106 Beringia lowland tundra 51107 Beringia upland tundra 51108 Brooks-British Range tundra 51109 Davis Highlands tundra 51110 High Arctic tundra 51111 Interior Yukon-Alaska alpine tundra 51112 Kalaallit Nunaat high arctic tundra 51113 Kalaallit Nunaat low arctic tundra 51114 Low Arctic tundra 51115 Middle Arctic tundra 51116 Ogilvie-MacKenzie alpine tundra 51117 Pacific Coastal Mountain icefields and tundra 51118 Torngat Mountain tundra 51201 California coastal sage and chaparral 51202 California interior chaparral and woodlands 51203 California montane chaparral and woodlands 51301 Baja California desert 51302 Central Mexican matorral 51303 Chihuahuan desert 51304 Colorado Plateau shrublands 51305 Great Basin shrub steppe 51306 Gulf of California xeric scrub 51307 Meseta Central matorral 51308 Mojave desert 51309 Snake-Columbia shrub steppe 51310 Sonoran desert 51311 Tamaulipan matorral 51312 Tamaulipan mezquital 51313 Wyoming Basin shrub steppe 60101 Araucaria moist forests 60102 Atlantic Coast restingas 60103 Bahia coastal forests 60104 Bahia interior forests 60105 Bolivian Yungas 60106 Caatinga Enclaves moist forests 60107 Caqueta moist forests 60108 Catatumbo moist forests 60109 Cauca Valley montane forests 60110 Cayos Miskitos-San Andrés and Providencia moist forests 60111 Central American Atlantic moist forests 60112 Central American montane forests 60113 Chiapas montane forests 60114 Chimalapas montane forests 60115 Chocó-Darién moist forests 60116 Cocos Island moist forests 60117 Cordillera La Costa montane forests 60118 Cordillera Oriental montane forests 60119 Costa Rican seasonal moist forests 60120 Cuban moist forests 60121 Eastern Cordillera real montane forests 60122 Eastern Panamanian montane forests 60123 Fernando de Noronha-Atol das Rocas moist forests 60124 Guianan Highlands moist forests 60125 Guianan moist forests 60126 Gurupa varzeá 60127 Hispaniolan moist forests 60128 Iquitos varzeá 60129 Isthmian-Atlantic moist forests 60130 Isthmian-Pacific moist forests 60131 Jamaican moist forests 60132 Japurá-Solimoes-Negro moist forests 60133 Juruá-Purus moist forests 60134 Leeward Islands moist forests 60135 Madeira-Tapajós moist forests 60136 Magdalena Valley montane forests 60137 Magdalena-Urabá moist forests 60138 Marajó varzeá 60139 Maranhão Babaçu forests 60140 Mato Grosso seasonal forests 60141 Monte Alegre varzeá 60142 Napo moist forests 60143 Negro-Branco moist forests 60144 Northeastern Brazil restingas 60145 Northwestern Andean montane forests 60146 Oaxacan montane forests 60147 Orinoco Delta swamp forests 60148 Pantanos de Centla 60149 Guianan freshwater swamp forests 60150 Alto Paraná Atlantic forests 60151 Pernambuco coastal forests 60152 Pernambuco interior forests 60153 Peruvian Yungas 60154 Petén-Veracruz moist forests 60155 Puerto Rican moist forests 60156 Purus varzeá 60157 Purus-Madeira moist forests 60158 Rio Negro campinarana 60159 Santa Marta montane forests 60160 Serra do Mar coastal forests 60161 Sierra de los Tuxtlas 60162 Sierra Madre de Chiapas moist forests 60163 Solimões-Japurá moist forests 60164 South Florida rocklands 60165 Southern Andean Yungas 60166 Southwest Amazon moist forests 60167 Talamancan montane forests 60168 Tapajós-Xingu moist forests 60169 Pantepui 60170 Tocantins/Pindare moist forests 60171 Trinidad and Tobago moist forests 60172 Trindade-Martin Vaz Islands tropical forests 60173 Uatuma-Trombetas moist forests 60174 Ucayali moist forests 60175 Venezuelan Andes montane forests 60176 Veracruz moist forests 60177 Veracruz montane forests 60178 Western Ecuador moist forests 60179 Windward Islands moist forests 60180 Xingu-Tocantins-Araguaia moist forests 60181 Yucatán moist forests 60182 Guianan piedmont and lowland moist forests 60201 Apure-Villavicencio dry forests 60202 Atlantic dry forests 60204 Bajío dry forests 60205 Balsas dry forests 60206 Bolivian montane dry forests 60207 Cauca Valley dry forests 60209 Central American dry forests 60210 Dry Chaco 60211 Chiapas Depression dry forests 60212 Chiquitano dry forests 60213 Cuban dry forests 60214 Ecuadorian dry forests 60215 Hispaniolan dry forests 60216 Islas Revillagigedo dry forests 60217 Jalisco dry forests 60218 Jamaican dry forests 60219 Lara-Falcón dry forests 60220 Lesser Antillean dry forests 60221 Magdalena Valley dry forests 60222 Maracaibo dry forests 60223 Marañón dry forests 60224 Panamanian dry forests 60225 Patía Valley dry forests 60226 Puerto Rican dry forests 60227 Sierra de la Laguna dry forests 60228 Sinaloan dry forests 60229 Sinú Valley dry forests 60230 Southern Pacific dry forests 60232 Tumbes-Piura dry forests 60233 Veracruz dry forests 60235 Yucatán dry forests 60301 Bahamian pine mosaic 60302 Belizian pine forests 60303 Central American pine-oak forests 60304 Cuban pine forests 60305 Hispaniolan pine forests 60306 Miskito pine forests 60307 Sierra de la Laguna pine-oak forests 60308 Sierra Madre de Oaxaca pine-oak forests 60309 Sierra Madre del Sur pine-oak forests 60310 Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt pine-oak forests 60401 Juan Fernández Islands temperate forests 60402 Magellanic subpolar forests 60403 San Félix-San Ambrosio Islands temperate forests 60404 Valdivian temperate forests 60702 Beni savanna 60703 Campos Rupestres montane savanna 60704 Cerrado 60705 Clipperton Island shrub and grasslands 60707 Guianan savanna 60708 Humid Chaco 60709 Llanos 60710 Uruguayan savanna 60801 Espinal 60802 Low Monte 60803 Humid Pampas 60805 Patagonian steppe 60902 Cuban wetlands 60903 Enriquillo wetlands 60904 Everglades 60905 Guayaquil flooded grasslands 60906 Orinoco wetlands 60907 Pantanal 60908 Paraná flooded savanna 60909 Southern Cone Mesopotamian savanna 61001 Central Andean dry puna 61002 Central Andean puna 61003 Central Andean wet puna 61004 Cordillera Central páramo 61005 Cordillera de Merida páramo 61006 Northern Andean páramo 61007 Santa Marta páramo 61008 Southern Andean steppe 61010 High Monte 61201 Chilean matorral 61301 Araya and Paria xeric scrub 61303 Atacama desert 61304 Caatinga 61305 Caribbean shrublands 61306 Cuban cactus scrub 61307 Galápagos Islands scrubland mosaic 61308 Guajira-Barranquilla xeric scrub 61309 La Costa xeric shrublands 61311 Malpelo Island xeric scrub 61312 Motagua Valley thornscrub 61313 Paraguana xeric scrub 61314 San Lucan xeric scrub 61315 Sechura desert 61316 Tehuacán Valley matorral 61318 St. Peter and St. Paul rocks 61401 Amazon-Orinoco-Southern Caribbean mangroves 61402 Bahamian-Antillean mangroves 61403 Mesoamerican Gulf-Caribbean mangroves 61404 Northern Mesoamerican Pacific mangroves 61405 South American Pacific mangroves 61406 Southern Atlantic mangroves 61407 Southern Mesoamerican Pacific mangroves 70101 Carolines tropical moist forests 70102 Central Polynesian tropical moist forests 70103 Cook Islands tropical moist forests 70104 Eastern Micronesia tropical moist forests 70105 Fiji tropical moist forests 70106 Hawaii tropical moist forests 70107 Kermadec Islands subtropical moist forests 70108 Marquesas tropical moist forests 70109 Ogasawara subtropical moist forests 70110 Palau tropical moist forests 70111 Rapa Nui subtropical broadleaf forests 70112 Samoan tropical moist forests 70113 Society Islands tropical moist forests 70114 Tongan tropical moist forests 70115 Tuamotu tropical moist forests 70116 Tubuai tropical moist forests 70117 Western Polynesian tropical moist forests 70201 Fiji tropical dry forests 70202 Hawaii tropical dry forests 70203 Marianas tropical dry forests 70204 Yap tropical dry forests 70701 Hawaii tropical high shrublands 70702 Hawaii tropical low shrublands 70703 Northwestern Hawaii scrub 80101 Guizhou Plateau broadleaf and mixed forests 80102 Yunnan Plateau subtropical evergreen forests 80401 Appenine deciduous montane forests 80402 Atlantic mixed forests 80403 Azores temperate mixed forests 80404 Balkan mixed forests 80405 Baltic mixed forests 80406 Cantabrian mixed forests 80407 Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests 80408 Caucasus mixed forests 80409 Celtic broadleaf forests 80410 Central Anatolian steppe and woodlands 80411 Central China loess plateau mixed forests 80412 Central European mixed forests 80413 Central Korean deciduous forests 80414 Changbai Mountains mixed forests 80415 Changjiang Plain evergreen forests 80416 Crimean Submediterranean forest complex 80417 Daba Mountains evergreen forests 80418 Dinaric Mountains mixed forests 80419 East European forest steppe 80420 Eastern Anatolian deciduous forests 80421 English Lowlands beech forests 80422 Euxine-Colchic broadleaf forests 80423 Hokkaido deciduous forests 80424 Huang He Plain mixed forests 80425 Madeira evergreen forests 80426 Manchurian mixed forests 80427 Nihonkai evergreen forests 80428 Nihonkai montane deciduous forests 80429 North Atlantic moist mixed forests 80430 Northeast China Plain deciduous forests 80431 Pannonian mixed forests 80432 Po Basin mixed forests 80433 Pyrenees conifer and mixed forests 80434 Qin Ling Mountains deciduous forests 80435 Rodope montane mixed forests 80436 Sarmatic mixed forests 80437 Sichuan Basin evergreen broadleaf forests 80438 South Sakhalin-Kurile mixed forests 80439 Southern Korea evergreen forests 80440 Taiheiyo evergreen forests 80441 Taiheiyo montane deciduous forests 80442 Tarim Basin deciduous forests and steppe 80443 Ussuri broadleaf and mixed forests 80444 Western Siberian hemiboreal forests 80445 Western European broadleaf forests 80446 Zagros Mountains forest steppe 80501 Alps conifer and mixed forests 80502 Altai montane forest and forest steppe 80503 Caledon conifer forests 80504 Carpathian montane forests 80505 Da Hinggan-Dzhagdy Mountains conifer forests 80506 East Afghan montane conifer forests 80507 Elburz Range forest steppe 80508 Helanshan montane conifer forests 80509 Hengduan Mountains subalpine conifer forests 80510 Hokkaido montane conifer forests 80511 Honshu alpine conifer forests 80512 Khangai Mountains conifer forests 80513 Mediterranean conifer and mixed forests 80514 Northeastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests 80515 Northern Anatolian conifer and deciduous forests 80516 Nujiang Langcang Gorge alpine conifer and mixed forests 80517 Qilian Mountains conifer forests 80518 Qionglai-Minshan conifer forests 80519 Sayan montane conifer forests 80520 Scandinavian coastal conifer forests 80521 Tian Shan montane conifer forests 80601 East Siberian taiga 80602 Iceland boreal birch forests and alpine tundra 80603 Kamchatka-Kurile meadows and sparse forests 80604 Kamchatka-Kurile taiga 80605 Northeast Siberian taiga 80606 Okhotsk-Manchurian taiga 80607 Sakhalin Island taiga 80608 Scandinavian and Russian taiga 80609 Trans-Baikal conifer forests 80610 Ural montane forests and tundra 80611 West Siberian taiga 80801 Alai-Western Tian Shan steppe 80802 Altai steppe and semi-desert 80803 Central Anatolian steppe 80804 Daurian forest steppe 80805 Eastern Anatolian montane steppe 80806 Emin Valley steppe 80807 Faroe Islands boreal grasslands 80808 Gissaro-Alai open woodlands 80809 Kazakh forest steppe 80810 Kazakh steppe 80811 Kazakh upland 80812 Middle East steppe 80813 Mongolian-Manchurian grassland 80814 Pontic steppe 80815 Sayan Intermontane steppe 80816 Selenge-Orkhon forest steppe 80817 South Siberian forest steppe 80818 Tian Shan foothill arid steppe 80901 Amur meadow steppe 80902 Bohai Sea saline meadow 80903 Nenjiang River grassland 80904 Nile Delta flooded savanna 80905 Saharan halophytics 80906 Tigris-Euphrates alluvial salt marsh 80907 Suiphun-Khanka meadows and forest meadows 80908 Yellow Sea saline meadow 81001 Altai alpine meadow and tundra 81002 Central Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe 81003 Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows 81004 Ghorat-Hazarajat alpine meadow 81005 Hindu Kush alpine meadow 81006 Karakoram-West Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe 81007 Khangai Mountains alpine meadow 81008 Kopet Dag woodlands and forest steppe 81009 Kuh Rud and Eastern Iran montane woodlands 81010 Mediterranean High Atlas juniper steppe 81011 North Tibetan Plateau-Kunlun Mountains alpine desert 81012 Northwestern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows 81013 Ordos Plateau steppe 81014 Pamir alpine desert and tundra 81015 Qilian Mountains subalpine meadows 81016 Sayan Alpine meadows and tundra 81017 Southeast Tibet shrublands and meadows 81018 Sulaiman Range alpine meadows 81019 Tian Shan montane steppe and meadows 81020 Tibetan Plateau alpine shrublands and meadows 81021 Western Himalayan alpine shrub and Meadows 81022 Yarlung Tsangpo arid steppe 81101 Arctic desert 81102 Bering tundra 81103 Cherskii-Kolyma mountain tundra 81104 Chukchi Peninsula tundra 81105 Kamchatka Mountain tundra and forest tundra 81106 Kola Peninsula tundra 81107 Northeast Siberian coastal tundra 81108 Northwest Russian-Novaya Zemlya tundra 81109 Novosibirsk Islands arctic desert 81110 Scandinavian Montane Birch forest and grasslands 81111 Taimyr-Central Siberian tundra 81112 Trans-Baikal Bald Mountain tundra 81113 Wrangel Island arctic desert 81114 Yamal-Gydan tundra 81201 Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests 81202 Anatolian conifer and deciduous mixed forests 81203 Canary Islands dry woodlands and forests 81204 Corsican montane broadleaf and mixed forests 81205 Crete Mediterranean forests 81206 Cyprus Mediterranean forests 81207 Eastern Mediterranean conifer-sclerophyllous-broadleaf forests 81208 Iberian conifer forests 81209 Iberian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests 81210 Illyrian deciduous forests 81211 Italian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests 81212 Mediterranean acacia-argania dry woodlands and succulent thickets 81213 Mediterranean dry woodlands and steppe 81214 Mediterranean woodlands and forests 81215 Northeastern Spain and Southern France Mediterranean forests 81216 Northwest Iberian montane forests 81217 Pindus Mountains mixed forests 81218 South Appenine mixed montane forests 81219 Southeastern Iberian shrubs and woodlands 81220 Southern Anatolian montane conifer and deciduous forests 81221 Southwest Iberian Mediterranean sclerophyllous and mixed forests 81222 Tyrrhenian-Adriatic Sclerophyllous and mixed forests 81301 Afghan Mountains semi-desert 81302 Alashan Plateau semi-desert 81303 Arabian Desert and East Sahero-Arabian xeric shrublands 81304 Atlantic coastal desert 81305 Azerbaijan shrub desert and steppe 81306 Badghyz and Karabil semi-desert 81307 Baluchistan xeric woodlands 81308 Caspian lowland desert 81309 Central Afghan Mountains xeric woodlands 81310 Central Asian northern desert 81311 Central Asian riparian woodlands 81312 Central Asian southern desert 81313 Central Persian desert basins 81314 Eastern Gobi desert steppe 81315 Gobi Lakes Valley desert steppe 81316 Great Lakes Basin desert steppe 81317 Junggar Basin semi-desert 81318 Kazakh semi-desert 81319 Kopet Dag semi-desert 81320 Mesopotamian shrub desert 81321 North Saharan steppe and woodlands 81322 Paropamisus xeric woodlands 81323 Persian Gulf desert and semi-desert 81324 Qaidam Basin semi-desert 81325 Red Sea Nubo-Sindian tropical desert and semi-desert 81326 Registan-North Pakistan sandy desert 81327 Sahara desert 81328 South Iran Nubo-Sindian desert and semi-desert 81329 South Saharan steppe and woodlands 81330 Taklimakan desert 81331 Tibesti-Jebel Uweinat montane xeric woodlands 81332 West Saharan montane xeric woodlands 81333 Red Sea coastal desert ECOREGION reports the predominant terrestrial ecoregion within a 5-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. ECOREGION reports the biogeographic region (e.g., Afrotropic), the habitat type (e.g., tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands), and the ecoregion (e.g., East Sudanian savanna) that are associated with each cluster location. ECOREGION is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. There are 825 terrestrial ecoregions in the world. Ecoregions are relatively large units of land containing distinct assemblages of natural communities and species, with boundaries that approximate the original extent of natural communities prior to major land-use change. The 5-digit codes in ECOREGION (e.g., 30129) include a 1-digit realm code (with 8 possible values), followed by a 2-digit biome code (with 14 possible values), and then a 2-digit ecoregion number. For the full list of codes and their meaning, see the ecoregion legend [URL omitted from DDI.]. ECOREGION, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Livelihood zone of household Livelihood zone of household Livelihood zone of household Livelihood zone of household Livelihood zone of household -00998 Missing 004001 Eastern Pastoral and Forest Zone 004002 Eastern Agro-Pastoral and Forest Zone 004003 Eastern Agro-Pastoral and Rangeland Zone 004004 Eastern Semi-Arid Agricultural Zone 004005 Eastern Agricultural and Labor-Based Zone 004006 Eastern Intensively Irrigated Zone 004007 Eastern Cross-Border Trade and Labor-Based Zone 004008 Eastern Irrigated and Rainfed Agricultural Zone 004009 East-Central Irrigated Zone 004010 Southern Intensively Irrigated Cash Crop Zone 004011 Southern Semi-Arid Agro-Pastoral Zone 004012 South-Central Agro-Pastoral and Labor-Based Zone 004013 Southern Desert Zone 004014 South-Central Agro-Pastoral Zone 004015 North-Western Agro-Pastoral and Pistachio Zone 004016 Western Intensively Irrigated Zone 004017 Western Semi-Arid Agro-Pastoral Zone 004018 West-Central Highland Agro-Pastoral Zone 004019 Western and Southern Cross-Border Trade and Labor Zone 004020 North-Eastern Highland Agro-Pastoral Zone 004021 Salangi Plains Mixed Farming Zone 004022 Northern Lowland Cereals and Livestock Zone 004023 Northern High Cereals Production Zone 004024 North-Central Agro-Pastoral Zone 004025 Northern Irrigated and Rainfed Mixed Farming Zone 004026 Northern Intensively Irrigated Agricultural Zone 004027 Amo River Irrigation and Cross-Border Trade Zone 004028 East-Central Agro-Forestry Zone 004029 Central Cash-Crop and Livestock Zone 024001 Coastal fishing, horticulture, and non-farm income 024002 Transitional banana and pineapple farming 024003 Southern livestock, millet, and sorghum 024004 Sub humid livestock and maize 024005 Mid-eastern cassava and savannah forest 024006 Central highlands potato and vegetables 024007 Central highlands maize and beans 024008 Transitional lowland maize, cassava, and beans 024009 Tropical forest, cassava, banana, and coffee 024010 Savannah forest and market-oriented cassava 024011 Savannah forest and subsistence cassava 024012 Fishing, cassava, and cross-border trade 024013 Coastal livestock ranching 108001 Buragane 108002 Congo Ridge Millet 108003 Eastern Lowlands 108004 Northern Lowlands 108005 Northern Highlands 108006 Southern Highlands 108007 Imbo Plain 108008 Humid Plateaus 108009 Eastern Arid Plateaus 140001 Southeast cassava, peanuts, and maize 140002 Northeast hunting and food crops 140003 Northern sorghum and millet 140004 East central mining, cassava, and peanuts 140005 Southern coffee, cassava, and maize 140006 Central cassava, peanuts, and maize 140007 Central cotton, cassava, and maize 140008 Northern cotton, cassava, and sorghum 140009 Western cassava, maize, and peanuts 140010 Southern maize, citrus fruits, and vegetables 140011 Southwest cassava, coffee, gathering, and mining 148001 Southern Staple and Cash Crops 148002 Southwest Rice 148003 South-central Cereals 148004 Southeast Flood Retreat and Gum Arabic 148005 Central Agropastoral 148006 Eastern Rainfed Cereals and Market Gardening 148007 Transhumance 148008 Western Agropastoral and Fishing 148009 Northern Oasis Cultivation with Camels and Natron 180001 Copperbelt and Marginal Agriculture 180002 Savannah Manioc 180003 Savannah Surplus Maize 180004 Kamalondo Depression 180005 Southern Tanganyika-Mwero Fishing 180006 Maniema Savannah Agriculture 180007 High Food Production and Surplus Trade 180008 Northern Tanganyika Midland Agriculture 180009 Agropastoral Mountains 180010 Midland Agricultural Savannah 180011 Rutshuru Volcanic Soils and Agriculture 180012 Forest Cultivation and Products 180013 Artisanal Mining with Agriculture 180014 Northeast Highlands Agriculture 180015 Orientale Fishing with Agriculture 180016 Northern Plateau Cassava, Maize, Groundnuts and Beans 180017 Bumba Rice and Tubers 180018 Bomongo and Makanza Districts Intensive Fishing 180019 Fishing and Staples Riverine 180020 Cuvette Centrale Staple Crops, Fishing and Charcoal 180021 Equatorial Forest, Hunting, Fishing and Staple Crops 180022 Lighter Forest with Rice and Cassava 180023 Savannah with Cassava and Cowpeas and Small Livestock 180024 High Food Crop Production and Trading 180025 Intensive Artisanal Diamond Exploitation with Crop Cultivation 180026 Clay Soils with High Production of Cassava and Maize, and Cattle 180027 Agropastoral – Staple Crops, Small Stock and Cattle and Wild Foods 180028 Agriculture with High Production and Marketing 180029 Cassava, Maize and Groundnuts 180030 Market Gardening and Staple Crops 180031 River Fishing and Staple Crops 180032 Coastal Ocean Fishing and Kitchen Gardening 180033 Forest – Staple Crops, Cash Crops and Market Gardening 180034 Kinshasa Peri-urban 222001 Basic Grain and Labor Zone 222002 Coffee, Agro-Industrial and Labor Zone 222003 Sugarcane, Agro-Industry and Labor Zone 222004 Eastern Basic Grain, Labor, Livestock and Remittance Zone 222005 Central Free-Trade, Services and Industrial Labor Zone 222006 Fishing, Aquaculture and Tourism Zone 231001 Addis Ababa City 231002 Asale Agropastoral 231003 Awsa-Gewane Agropastoral 231004 Aramiss - Adaar Pastoral 231005 Asale Pastoral 231006 Chenno Agropastoral 231007 Eli daar Pastoral 231008 Namalefan & Baadu Pastoral 231009 Teru Pastoral 231010 Abay Beshilo River Basin 231011 Abay Tekeze Watershed 231012 Central Highland Barley & Potato 231013 Cheffa valley 231014 Guna Highland 231015 Merhabete Lowland Sorghum and teff 231016 Minjar teff and livestock 231017 Minjar teff and sorghum 231018 North Wollo Highland Belg 231019 North East Woyna Dega Mixed Cereal 231020 North Shewa highland sheep and barley 231021 North Shewa Highland Wheat and Teff productive 231022 N Highland wheat, Barley & Sheep 231023 NorthWest Cash Crop 231024 North Wollo East Plain 231025 NorthWest Sorghum Belt 231026 South Wollo Meher 231027 South Wollo Belg 231028 South West Maize, Finger Millet and Teff productive 231029 South Wollo & Oromia Eastern lowland sorghum & cattle 231030 South East Woyna Dega Teff 231031 South West Woyna Dega wheat 231032 Tekeze Lowland Sorghum and Goats 231033 Tana Zuria 231034 South Wollo Meher and Belg 231035 Central Kolla Sorghum, Maize & Millet 231036 Midland Teff & Coffee 231037 Western Dry Kolla Sorghum, Maize & Mining 231038 Meketel Highland Cereal & Pulses 231039 Gambella Agropastoral 231040 Gambella Coffee, Honey & Cereal LZ 231041 Gambella Mixed Agriculture 231042 No Data 231043 Arsi Bale Wheat, Barley & Potato 231044 Anfilo Coffee Monoculture & Honey 231045 Abe Dongoro-Diga-Sasiga Coffee & Sorghum 231046 Adaba Dodola Community Forest 231047 Agarfa, Gasera, Ginir & Gololcha Fruit, Coffee & Chat 231048 Ambo Selale Ginderberet Teff & Wheat 231049 Abijata Shala Jido Agro-Pastoral 231050 Abay Gorge Sesame, Maize & Honey 231051 Ameya-Wolisso-Ambo Teff & Cattle 231052 Becho-Adea Teff & Chickpea 231053 Borena-Guji Maize, Wheat & Livestock 231054 Borena-Guji Coffee & Enset 231055 Borena-Guji Cattle Pastoralist 231056 Bale Agro-Pastoral 231057 Bale Pastoralist 231058 Chercher & Gololcha Chole Coffee, Maize & Chat 231059 Central Horo Teff, Nug & Cattle 231060 Chebo-Inchini Enset, Barley & Cattle 231061 Chat & Vegetables 231062 Dallo, Barbare & Arana-Buluk Coffee 231063 Dale-Lalo Sorghum & Maize 231064 Didessa-Gibe-Wama Valley Sorghum, Maize & Oilcrops 231065 Ebantu-Limu Teff & Cattle 231066 Guduru-Amuru Maize, Teff & Cattle 231067 Guji-Borena Enset, Barley & Cattle 231068 Gerbo Enset & Chat 231069 Gursum-Babile Groundnuts & Sorghum 231070 Gera-Setema-Sale Forest Teff, Honey & Cattle 231071 Gibe Maize & Peppers 231072 Goro-Ginir Spice & Wheat 231073 Anger Maize, Sorghum & Finger Millet 231074 Illu-Wellega-Birbir Maize, Peppers & Sesame 231075 Jimma-Illubabur Coffee, Cereals & Chat 231076 Jaldu-Dendi-Ilfata Barley & Potato 231077 Jimma-Yama Logi Teff & Maize 231078 Kofele Kokosa Enset & Cattle Belt 231079 Muger-Abay-Jema Sorghum & Teff Belt 231080 Melka Awash-Ochocha Mid-Highland Wheat & Teff 231081 Moyale Agro-Pastoral, Labour & Cross-Border Trade 231082 Moyale Cattle, Shoats & Camel Pastoralist 231083 Market-Isolated Cattle & Shoat Pastoralist 231084 Kereyu Pastoral 231085 Mendi-Dabisu Maize, Sesame & Cattle 231086 North-East Agro-Pastoral 231087 Nadda-Gilgel Gibe Maize, Teff and Sorghum 231088 Nole-Meko-Diga Teff & Cattle 231089 Nejo-Dilla Teff, Finger Millet & Nug 231090 Southern Agro-Pastoral 231091 Keto-Begi Cereals & Cattle 231092 Robe Chole Sude & Seru Teff Maize Haricot Bean Belt 231093 Rift Valley Maize & Horse Bean 231094 Selale-Ambo Highland Barley, Wheat and Horsebean belt 231095 Soddo Highland Wheat, Barley & Enset 231096 Siraro Kofele Potato & Vegetables 231097 Sorghum, Maize & Chat 231098 Shirka Ticho Spice & Teff 231099 Wheat, Barley & Potato 231100 Wellega-Dedo Highland Wheat & Barley 231101 Wuchale-Abichu-Kembebit Livestock, 'Wild Oats' & Barley/Wheat 231102 Wellega Coffee, Maize & Sorghum 231103 Amaro Coffee and Enset LZ 231104 Awassa Chat and Enset LZ 231105 Alaba-Mareko Lowland Pepper LZ 231106 Badewacho-Alaba Maize LZ 231107 Bilate Basin Agro-Pastoral LZ 231108 Bench-Keffa Cereal and Enset LZ 231109 Basketo-Melo Coffee and Root Crop LZ 231110 Dawro-Konta Maize and Root Crop LZ 231111 Western Coffee and Spices LZ - Eastern sub-zone 231112 Gedeo Coffee LZ 231113 Gurage-Siltie Highland Enset and Barley LZ 231114 Gurage-Siltie Midland Enset and Chat LZ 231115 Gurage-Siltie Enset and Teff LZ 231116 Gamo Gofa Enset and Barley LZ 231117 Gurage Lowland Maize and Teff LZ 231118 Gamo Gofa Maize and Root Crop LZ 231119 Hadero Ginger LZ 231120 Hadiya Maize LZ 231121 Hadiya-Kembata Cereal and Enset LZ - Hadiya sub zone 231122 Chamo-Abaya Irrigated Banana LZ 231123 Kedida-Badewacho Coffee LZ 231124 Hadiya-Kembata Cereal and Enset LZ - Kembata sub-zone 231125 Kaffa Cereal and Enset LZ 231126 Southern Special Woredas Lowland Cereal LZ 231127 Omo River Flood Recession LZ 231128 Omo Valley Maize and Sorghum LZ 231129 231130 Southern Cereal, Enset and Root Crop LZ 231131 Sidama Coffee LZ 231132 Surma Agro-Pastoral LZ 231133 Sidama-Gedeo Highland Enset and Barley LZ 231134 Sidama Maize Belt LZ 231135 Southern Agro-Pastoral Livelihood Zone 231136 South Omo Crop LZ 231137 South Omo Pastoral LZ 231138 Salamago Pastoral LZ 231139 Sheka Cereal and Enset LZ 231140 Wolayita Ginger and Coffee LZ 231141 Western Coffee and Spices LZ - Western sub-zone 231142 Western Forest Products LZ 231143 Wolayita Maize and Root Crop LZ 231144 Wolayita Barley and Wheat LZ 231145 Yem Cereal and Enset LZ 231146 Afder Pastoral 231147 Degahbur Agropastoral 231148 Dawa-Ganale Riverine 231149 Filtu-Dolo Pastoral 231150 Fik Pastoral 231151 Gode Agropastoral 231152 Harshin-Degahbur East Pastoral 231153 Jijiga Agropastoral 231154 Jijiga Sedentary Farming 231155 Korahe Agropastoral 231156 Korahe-Gode Pastoral 231157 Liban Agropastoral 231158 Lowland-Hawd Pastoral 231159 Moyale-Wayamo Pastoral 231160 No Data 231161 Shinile Agropastoral 231162 Shinile Pastoral 231163 Shabelle Riverine 231164 Adiyabo Lowland 231165 Alaje Ofla Highland 231166 Atsbi Womberta Highland 231167 Central Mixed Crop 231168 Enderta Dry Midland 231169 Eastern Planteau 231170 Gesho and Wheat Highland 231171 Humera Sesame and Sorghum 231172 Irob Mountains 231173 Mereb Basin 231174 Middle Tekeze 231175 Raya Valley 231176 Tsirare Catchment 231177 West Central Teff 231178 Werie Catchment 231179 Western Cereal and Sesame 262001 Northwest Pastoral 262002 Central Pastoral 262003 Southeast Pastoral 262004 Market Gardening 262005 Djibouti City 324001 Coastal: Rice, Fishing, Palm oil 324002 Piedmont: Rice, Groundnut, Horticulture 324003 Central plateau: Horticulture, Fonio, Livestock 324004 Mountain: Livestock, Fonio, Groundnut 324005 Mountain : Rice, Livestock, Fonio 324006 Northern plateau: Rice, Groundnut, Livestock 324007 Savannah with shrubs: Rice, Gold mining, Livestock 324008 Northeast: Maize, Gold mining, Livestock 324009 Wooded savannah: Rice, Manioc, Groundnut 324010 Pre-forest zone: Rice, Manioc, Livestock 324011 Forest: Rice, Palm oil, Coffee 332001 Dry Coastal Maize and Charcoal 332002 North Tubers and Horticulture 332003 Central Plateau Maize and Tubers 332004 Rice Plains of the Artibonite 332005 Western Banana Plains of Arcahaie 332006 West Gardening and Beans 332007 South Beans, Bananas, and Petty Trade 332008 Southwestern Coast Maize, Manioc, and Bush Products 332009 Urban 340000 Casco urbano 340001 Zona de medios de vida litoral Garífuna y de turismo en islas de la Bahía 340002 Zona litoral atlántica productora de aceite de palma 340003 Zona de venta de obra en maquilas, banano y caña de azúcar 340004 Zona Mosquitia de caza y pesca 340005 Zona montañosa de café 340006 Zona de medios de vida pesquera y salinera del Golfo de Fonseca 340007 Zona de granos básicos de subsistencia y remesas 340008 Zona de venta de mano de obra en melón, sandía y camarón 340009 Zona de medios de vida, granos básicos y ganadería 340010 Reserva del Río Platano 404001 Northwestern Pastoral Zone 404002 Turkwell Riverine Zone 404003 Northwestern Agropastoral Zone 404004 Lake Turkana Fishing 404005 Northern Pastoral Zone 404006 Marsabit Marginal Mixed Farming Zone 404007 Northeastern Agropastoral Zone 404008 Mandera Riverine Zone 404009 Northeastern Pastoral Zone 404010 Eastern Pastoral Zone 404011 Southeastern Pastoral Zone 404012 Coastal Medium Potential Farming Zone 404013 Coastal Marginal Agricultural Mixed Farming Zone 404014 Tana Riverine Zone 404015 Southern Pastoral Zone 404016 Southeastern Marginal Mixed Farming Zone 404017 Southeastern Medium Potential, Mixed Farming Zone 404018 Southern Agropastoral Zone 404019 Central Highlands, High Potential Zone 404020 Western Medium Potential Zone 404021 Western High Potential Zone 404022 Western Lakeshore Marginal Mixed Farming Zone 404023 Lake Victoria Fishing Zone 404024 Western Agropastoral Zone 426001 Northern Lowlands 426002 Southern Lowlands 426003 Foothills 426004 Mountains 426005 Senqu River Valley 430001 North-East Rice Farming Palm Oil 430002 North/Central Rice with Cassava and Market Gardening 430003 South-East Rice with Cassava 430004 Coastal Plain Cassava with Rice and Inland Fishing 430005 Coastal Fishing and Cassava 430006 Rice Intercropped and Forest Hunting 430007 Border Cacao and Coffee Farming 430008 Rubber and Charcoal with Food Crops 430009 Peri-Urban: Petty Trade, Market Gardening and Casual Employment 430010 Mining/Concession and Farming Zone 430098 National Parks 430099 Urban Areas 450001 Extreme north: sugar cane, fishing, tourism 450002 North: vanilla, clove, coconut tree 450003 Sofia River basin: tobacco, onion, fishing 450004 Northern highland: rice, zebu 450005 Betsiboka Delta: rice, fishing 450006 Upper Betsiboka: gold mining, rice, cows 450007 Aloatra: rice, fishing, livestock rearing 450008 Toamasina: cloves, coffee, trade 450009 West: rice, fishing, gathering 450010 Agropastoral midwest: rice, maize, pulses 450011 Central Iarivo: rice, market gardening, eucalyptus 450012 Moramanga: forest, petty trade, market gardening 450013 Center-east: litchi, coffee, citrus 450014 Ankaratra: staple crops, horticulture, milk 450015 Tsirobihina Delta: rice, fishing, pulses 450016 South-central peneplain: rice, onion, small livestock 450017 Southern highlands: staple crops, crafts, market gardening 450018 Corridor: forest products, banana 450019 Southeast: coffee, litchi, cassava 450020 Southwest: rice, lima bean 450021 Bara plateau: cows, cassava 450022 Center-south: staple crops, industrial sisal, zebu 450023 Mahafaly plateau: cassava 450024 Extreme south: cassava, maize, livestock rearing 454001 Central Karonga 454002 Chitipa Millet & Maize 454003 Kasungu Lilongwe Plain 454004 Lake Chilwa - Phalombe Plain 454005 Lower Shire 454006 Middle Shire Valley 454007 Misuku Hills 454008 Mzimba Self Sufficient 454009 Nkhata Bay Cassava 454010 Northern Karonga 454011 Northern Lakeshore 454012 Phirilongwe Hills 454013 Rift Valley Escarpment 454014 Shire Highlands 454015 Southern Lakeshore 454016 Thyolo Mulunje Tea Estates 454017 Western Rumphi & Mzimba 454018 Border Productive Horticulture 454019 Urban 454020 National Park 466001 Nomadism and Trans-Saharan Trade 466002 Northern Livestock 466003 Niger Loop Rice and Fishing 466004 Central Livestock, Millet, and Remittances 466005 Dogon Plateau Millet and Shallots 466006 Niger Delta Rice, Cattle, and Fishing 466007 Office du NigerRice and Market Gardening 466008 Northwestern Sorghum, Remittances, and Livestock 466009 Central Sorghum and Millet 466010 Southeastern Sorghum, Millet, and Cotton 466011 Southern Maize, Cotton, and Fruits 466012 Southwestern Maize, Livestock, and Gold Mining 466013 Center-eastern Millet and Livestock 466014 Lakes Recessional Millet and Sorghum 466015 Western Groundnut, Sorghum, and Maize 466016 Southwestern Gold Mining and Maize 466017 Urban 478001 Nomadic pastoralist 478002 Mine and pastoral 478003 Mixed pastoral, oases and wadis 478004 Littoral coastal fishing 478005 Pastoral and trade 478006 Transhumant pastoralism 478007 Agropastoralism 478008 Senegal valley agriculture 478009 Rainfed agriculture 508001 Lakeshore Basic Staples and Fishing 508002 Northern Highland Forest and Tourism 508003 Northwestern Tobacco and Maize 508004 Northern Cassava, Maize, and Forest 508005 Northern Highland with Mixed Cropping 508006 Northeastern Highland Forest 508007 Northeastern Cassava, Cashew, and Coconut 508008 North-Central Coastal Fishing 508009 Plains with Cassava, Rice, and Fishing 508010 Zambezi Valley with Maize and Fishing 508011 Northwestern Cropping and Cross-border Trade 508012 Coastal Sugarcane and Fishing 508013 Tete Highland Mixed Cropping, Tobbaco, and Cotton 508014 Cahora Bassa Dam Sesame and Cotton 508015 Central Semiarid Cotton and Minerals 508016 Manica Highland Mixed Cropping, Cotton, and Tobacco 508017 Central Manica and Sofala Mixed Cropping 508018 Cheringoma and Muanza Maize and Cassava 508019 Central Semiarid Pineapple and Cashew 508020 Southern Coastal Cassava, Coconut, and Fishing 508021 Southern Intermediate Mixed Cropping 508022 Southern Semiarid Cereals and Cattle 508023 Southeastern Rice 508024 Limpopo and Elephant Rivers Mixed Cropping 508025 Southern Coastal Rishing, Manioc, and Maize 508026 Southern Highland Cattle and Mixed Cropping 558000 Urban Area 558001 Pacific Coast Export Fishing, Aquaculture, Tourism and Livestock Zone 558002 Pacific Agro-Industrial and Transitional Agriculture Zone 558003 Northwest Subsistence Agriculture, Livestock and Alternate Income Activities Zone 558004 Estelí Traditional and Industrial Tobacco Zone 558005 Managua Peri-urban Free-Trade, Agro-industry and Services Zone 558006 East-Central Vegetables, Informal Trade, Industry and Tourism Zone 558007 Southern Pacific, Agriculture and High Migration Zone 558008 Central Cattle and Agricultural Frontier Zone 558009 Agriculture and Livestock with High Migration to Costa Rica Zone 558010 Caribbean Humid Tropical Agriculture Zone 558011 Northern Atlantic Agricultural Frontier and Mining Zone 558012 Coffee with Commercial Agriculture and Livestock Zone 558013 Northern Market-bound Basic Grains, Livestock and Coffee Zone 558014 Communal Forestry Zone 558015 Coco River Traditional Agriculture Zone 558016 Caribbean Coast Traditional Fishing Zone 558025 National Forest Reserve 562000 Not Zoned (Desert) 562001 North-east Oases: Dates, Salt and Trade 562002 Aïr Massif Irrigated Gardening 562003 Transhumant and Nomad Pastoralism 562004 Agropastoral Belt 562005 Rainfed Millet and Sorghum Belt 562006 Cropping and Herding with High Work Outmigration 562007 Southern Irrigated Cash Crops 562008 Southwestern Cereals with Fan-Palm Products 562009 Niger River Irrigated Rice 562010 Dallols - Seasonal Water-Course Irrigated Crops 562011 Southeastern Natron Salt and Small Basin Irrigated Dates 562012 Komadougou Irrigated Peppers 562013 Lake Chad Flood-Retreat Cultivation with Fishing 562014 Transhumant and Nomad Pastoralism-Camels 566001 Coastal Fishing 566002 Southern Cocoa, Palm Oil, and Kola nut 566003 South-Central Yam, Cassava, and Banana 566004 Southeast Rice, Salt, and Granite 566005 Niger and Benue River Floodplain Rice and Fishing 566006 Central Plain Yam and Cassava 566007 Mambilla Plateau Cattle, Cocoa, and Tea 566008 Central Highland Maize and Soybean 566009 Northeastern Highland Maize, Cocoyam, Potatoes, and Livestock 566010 North-Central Maize, Sorghum, and Cotton 566011 Northern Floodplains Irrigated Rice, Wheat, and Vegetables 566012 Northeast Millet, Cowpea, and Sesame 566013 Sahel Mixed Cereals and Livestock 686000 Urban Area - Dakar 686001 The Niayes Gardening and Fishing 686002 Delta Rice, Horticulture, and Agricultural Labor 686003 Valley Rice and Remittances 686004 Dieri Millet and Remittances 686005 Rainfed Cowpea and Groundnut 686006 Sylvopatoral Livestock and Gathering 686007 Small Coast Fishing and Tourism 686008 Rainfed Groundnut and Millet 686009 Agropastoral Groundnut 686010 Rainfed Groundnut and Cereals 686011 Forest and Rainfed Rice 686012 Forest, Rainfed Rice, and Groundnut 686013 Rainfed Maize, Cotton, and Cattle 686014 Rainfed Maize and Lumber 686015 Rainfed Maize and Artisanal Gold Mining 686016 National Park 694000 Urban Area - Not Zoned 694001 Tonkolli Food Crops, Gold and Iron Ore 694002 Bombali Food Crops, Peppers, Tobacco and Livestock 694003 Western Rice, Root Crops, Cereals and Trade Belt 694004 Coastal Food Crops and Fishing 694005 Kailahun-Kenema-Pujehun Cash Crops, Food Crops and Trade 694006 Kono-Kenema-Bo Rice, Tree Crops and Timbers 694007 Koinadugu Food Crops, Livestock and Trade 694008 Follosoba Dembellia and Wara Wara Yagala Vegetables 694009 Freetown Peri-Urban 694010 Rice Bowl Areas 706001 Guban Pastoral 706002 West Golis Pastoral 706003 Northwestern Agropastoral 706004 Togdheer Agropastoral 706005 Hawd Pastoral 706006 Northern Inland Pastoral – Goats and Sheep 706007 East Golis – Frankincense, Goats, and Fishing 706008 Coastal Deeh Pastoral and Fishing 706009 Addun Pastoral 706010 Cowpea Belt Agropastoral 706011 Southern Inland Pastoral – Camels, Goats, Sheep, and Cattle 706012 Southern Agropastoral – Goats, Camels, and Sorghum 706013 Riverine Pump Irrigation 706014 Riverine Gravity Irrigation 706015 Sorghum High Potential Agropastoral 706016 Bay Bakool Low Potential Agropastoral 706017 Southern Rainfed Agropastoral – Maize, Cattle, and Goats 706018 Juba Pastoral – Cattle and Goats 706019 Urban 716000 Urban 716001 Agrofisheries 716002 Beitbridge South Western Lowveld Communal 716003 Bikita-Zaka Highlands Communal 716004 Central and Northern Semi Intensive Farming 716005 Cereal and High Cotton Communal 716006 Cereal and Low Cotton Communal 716007 Eastern Highlands Commercial Farming 716008 Eastern Highlands Prime Communal 716009 Eastern Kalahari Sandveld Communal 716010 Greater Mudzi Communal 716011 Highveld Prime Cereal and Cash Crop Resettlement 716012 Highveld Prime Communal 716013 Irrigated Commercial Sugar and Fruit Farming 716014 Kariba Valley and Kariangwe-Jambezi Communal 716015 Livestock and Cereal Farming Communal in Forests 716016 Lusulu, Lupane and Southern Gokwe Mixed Agriculture 716017 Masvingo Manicaland Middleveld Smallholder 716018 Matabeleland Middleveld Communal 716019 Mutorashanga Informal mining 716020 Mwenezi, Chivi and South Midland Communal 716021 Northern Cattle and Cereal Farming 716022 Northern Zambezi Valley Communal 716023 Save River Valley and Ndowoyo Communal 716024 Southern Cattle and Cereal Farming 716025 Western Kalahari Sandveld Communal 716026 National Park 728001 Equatorial maize and cassava 728002 Ironstone Plateau agro-pastoral 728003 Highland forest and sorghum 728004 Western groundnuts, sesame and sorghum 728005 Eastern semi-arid pastoral 728006 Eastern plains sorghum and cattle 728007 Greater Bahr el Ghazal sorghum and cattle 728008 Nile basin fishing and agro-pastoral 728009 Oil resources, maize and cattle 728010 Northeastern maize and cattle 728011 Northern sorhgum and livestock 729000 Not Zoned 729001 Northern Riverine Small-scale Cultivation 729002 Southern Riverine Small/Medium-scale Cultivation 729003 Eastern Pastoral 729004 West and Central Pastoral 729005 Eastern Khors Agropastoral 729006 Coastal Fishing 729007 Eastern Agropastoral Sorghum 729008 Flood-retreat Cultivation 729009 Central Irrigated Schemes 729010 Southeast Rainfed Semi-mechanized Agriculture 729011 Rainfed Sorghum Belt 729012 Western Agropastoral Millet and Groundnuts 729013 Western Agropastoral Millet 729014 Central Rainfed Millet and Sesame 729015 Jabel Marra Mixed Highland Cultivation 729016 Western Wadi Cultivation 729017 North Darfur Tobacco 729018 North Kordofan Gum Arabic Belt 729019 Cattle Dominant Agropastoral 800001 North Eastern Karamoja Highland Apiculture and Potato Zone 800002 Western Karamoja Mixed Crop Farming Zone 800003 South Eastern Karamoja Cattle Maize Zone 800004 Karamoja Mountain and Foot Hills Maize and Cattle Zone 800005 Central Karamoja Sorghum and Livestock Zone 800006 NE Sorghum Simsim Maize Livestock Zone 800007 North Kitgum Gulu Amuru West Nile Simsim Sorghum Livestock Zone 800008 Palabek Tobacco Simsim Sorghum and Cattle Zone 800009 South Kitgum Pader Abim Simsim Groundnuts Sorghum Cattle Zone 800010 Albertine West Nile Lowland Cattle Zone 800011 Kafu Muzizi Maize Upland Rice Cassava Zone 800012 Albertine Escarpment Cotton Cassava Zone 800013 Bwijanga Pakanyi SugarcaNE Maize Cassava Zone 800014 Karuma Masindi Oyam Tobacco Maize Cassava Zone 800015 West Nile Tobacco Cassava Sorghum Zone 800016 Rwenzori Mt.Elgon West Nile Arabica Coffee Banana Zone 800017 Amuru Gulu Rice Groundnut Sorghum Livestock Zone 800018 Southwest Gulu Beans Groundnuts Shoat Cassava 800019 Mid North Simsim Maize Cassava Zone 800020 Eastern Lowland Maize Beans Rice Zone 800021 Eastern Central Lowland Cassava Sorghum and Groundnut Zone 800022 Mt Elgon Highland Irish Potato Cereal Zone 800023 Central and Southern Cattle Cassava Maize Zone 800024 Lakeshore and Riverbank Fishing Zone 800025 Southeastern Maize Beans Robusta Coffee Zone 800026 Midwest Central and Lake Victoria Crescent Robusta Coffee Banana Maize and Cattle Zone 800027 Rwenzori Midland Banana Fruit Vegetable Dairy Zone 800028 Kazinga Channel Cassava Maize Fruit Vegetable Cotton Zone 800029 Rwenzori Lowland Maize Vegetable Banana Zone 800030 Southeastern Lowland Cassava Cereal Zone 800031 Eastern Lowland Rice Root Crop Zone 800032 Southeastern Lowland Cassava Maize Sweet Potato Zone 800033 East Central Plantation Outgrower Zone 800034 Kayunga Masaka Pineapple Banana Robusta Coffee and Cassava Zone 800035 SW Highland Irish Potato Sorghum Vegetable Zone 800036 Kalangala Fishing Oil Palm Cassava Zone 800037 Western Rift Valley Cocoa Coffee Cassava Zone 800038 Rwenzori Midland Tea and Dairy Zone 800039 Southwestern Midland Banana Robusta Coffee Cattle Zone 800040 SW Rift Valley Tobacco Bean Millet Zone 800041 Urban 800042 National Park 834001 Southern Maasai Pastoralist 834002 River Pangani Paddy and Maize Basin 834003 Tanga Maize and Cattle 834004 Tanga Maize and Sisal Employment 834005 Usambara-Pare Highland 834006 Tanga Maize, Orange, and Jackfruit Midlands 834007 Tanga-Pwani Coastal Maize, Paddy Belt 834008 Handeni-Bagamoyo Maize, Cassava, and Fruit Midlands 834009 Loliondo Midland Maize, Beans, and Livestock 834010 Lower Rombo Maize, Beans, and Finger Millet 834011 Kilimanjaro-Meru Maize, Coffee, and Plantains 834012 Karatu Wheat, Maize, and Coffee 834013 Lower Arusha-Simanjiro Maize 834014 Northern Maasai Pastoralist 834015 Nowu Maize, Beans, and Onions Highlands 834016 Babati Kwaraa Maize, Beans, Sunflower, and Coffee 834017 Kiteto-Kongwa-Mpwapwa-Mvomero Maize, Sorghum, and Pigeon Pea 834018 Mbulu-Karatu Midlands Maize, Beans, and Livestock 834019 Hadzabe Hunter-Gatherer Wild Honey, Wild Roots, and Wild Fruit 834020 Wembere Paddy, Sorghum, Maize, Sunflower, and Fishing 834021 Bahi-Sanza Irrigated Rice, Maize, Bulrush Millet, and Livestock 834022 Iramba Midland Onion, Maize, and Sunflower 834023 Manyoni Upland Maize, Sunflower, Sesame, and Livestock 834024 Tabora-Singida Midland Maize, Sunflower, and Livestock 834025 Singida-Manyara Maize, Sorghum, Beans, and Sunflower 834026 East and South Lakeshore Fishing, Cassava, and Upland Rice 834027 Western Lakeshore Coffee, Fishing, and Banana 834028 Kagera-Kigoma-Mara Banana, Coffee, and Beans 834029 Mwanza-Shinyanga-Mara Cotton, Livestock, Cassava, and Maize 834030 Kagera Lowlands Beans, Maize, and Livestock 834031 Shinyanga-Tabora Cotton, Upland Rice, Sweet Potato, and Livestock 834032 Sengerema-Geita Highland Cassava, Rice, and Maize 834033 Kagera-Kigoma Beans, Cassava, and Maize 834034 Kahama-Tabora Midland Tobacco, Maize, Rice, and Livestock 834035 Kishapu-Meatu-Maswa Sorghum, Cotton, Sweet Potato, and Livestock 834036 Urambo-Nzega Lowland Groundnuts, Cotton, and Maize 834037 Kigoma Lowland Palm Oil, Cassava, and Maize 834038 Urambo Agropastoral Maize and Sweet Potato 834039 Victoria Islands Fishing, Cassava, Sweet Potato, and Paddy 834040 Ruaha Riverine Maize, Onion, Tomato, and Paddy Lowlands 834041 Chalinze-Tunuguo Maize, Cattle, and Cassava 834042 Kilombero-Mtibwa Paddy, Maize, and Sugar Employment 834043 Kilombero-Ulanga-Lusewa Paddy, Maize, and Cassava 834044 Kilosa-Mvomero Maize and Paddy Lowlands 834045 Matombo-Kuyuni Spice, Maize, and Banana 834046 Bagamoyo-Kibaha Midland Cassava, Cashew, and Maize 834047 Morogoro Highland Maize and Vegetable 834048 Maskat-Kimbet Maize and Beans Highlands 834049 Newala-Masasi Plateau Sesame, Cassava, Cashew, and Sorghum 834050 Mtwara-Lindi Coastal Rice and Cashew 834051 Matumbi Midland Upland Rice, Oranges, and Maize 834052 Lindi-Nachingwea Lowland Cassava and Maize 834053 Southeastern Plateau Cassava, Cashew, and Bambara Nuts 834054 Mtwara-Lindi-Pwani Riverine 834055 Singida-Dodoma Sorghum, B/Millet, Sunflower, and Livestock 834056 Dodoma Lowland Sunflower, Grape, and Sorghum 834057 Mpanda Maize, Paddy, Sunflower, and Livestock 834058 Lake Tanganyika-Rukwa Fishing, Maize, and Sunflower 834059 Kyela Paddy, Cacao, and Palm Oil Lowlands 834060 Rungwe Banana, Coffee, Tea, and Livestock Midlands 834061 Mporoto-Umalila Irish Potato, Maize, Wheat, and Pyrethrum Highlands 834062 Mbozi-Mbeya Coffee, Maize, Beans, and Livestock Highlands 834063 Usangu Paddy, Maize, Sorghum, and Livestock Wetlands 834064 Kamsamba Paddy, Sorghum, and Livestock Lowlands 834065 Chunya Maize, Sunflower, Cassava, and Groundnut Midlands 834066 West Chunya Maize, Bulrush Millet, and Sesame Lowlands 834067 Lake Nyasa Shore Cassava Fishing and Paddy 834068 Namtumbo Tobacco, Maize, Paddy, and Cassava Midlands 834069 Matengo Coffee, Maize, Beans, and Piggery Midlands 834070 Songea-Namtumbo-Ludewa-Mibinga Maize, Beans, and Cassava Midlands 834071 Njombe-Mufindi Maize, Timber, Tea, Pyrethrum, and Employment 834072 Mtera Dam Fishing, Sorghum, and Sesame 834073 Makete Wheat, Irish Potato, Timber, and Employment Highlands 834074 Njombe-Mufindi Maize, Irish Potato, and Bean 834075 Iringa-Mbarali Maize, Sunflower, Beans, and Groundnut Belt 834076 Tunduru-Nachingwea-Nanyumbu Cashew, Cassava, and Paddy Lowlands 834077 Mpanda-Chunya-Sikonge Maize and Tobacco Lowlands 834078 Sumbawanga-Mbozi-Mpanda Maize, Sunflower, and Livestock 834098 Water 834099 Not Zoned 854001 South tubers and cereals 854002 Southwest fruits, cotton, and cereals 854003 West cotton and cereals 854004 West cereals and remittances 854005 Central plateau cereals and market gardening 854006 Ouagadougou peri-urban 854007 North and east livestock and cereals 854008 North transhumant pastoralism and millet 854009 Southeast cereals, livestock, forestry and faune 887001 Amran Rainfed Sorghum, Barley, Qat, and Livestock Zone 887002 Arabian Sea Coastal Irrigated Tropical Fruit, Fodder and Livestock Zone 887003 Central and Eastern Plateau Agro-Pastoral Zone 887004 Central and Eastern Wadi Palm, Wheat, Vegetable and Livestock Zone 887005 Central Highland Potato, Vegetable and Livestock Zone 887006 Eastern Plateau Sorghum, Millet and Livestock Zone 887007 Greater Yemen Coastal and Island Fishing Zone 887008 Northern and Eastern Desert Pastoral Zone 887009 Sa'adah Irrigated Wheat, Fruit, Vegetable, Qat, and Livestock Zone 887010 Western and Central Highland Qat, Grain, Fodder and Livestock Zone 887011 Western and Central Wadi Sorghum, Millet, Vegetable, Fruit and Livestock Zone 887012 Western Central Highland Coffee, Qat, Sorghum and Livestock Zone 887013 Western Central Highland Wheat, Sorghum, Qat, and Livestock Zone 887014 Western Coastal Plain Sorghum, Millet, and Livestock Zone 887015 Urban 894001 Zambezi Plain Rice, Livestock, and Fishing 894002 Southwestern Cereal, Livestock, and Timber 894003 Western and Northwestern Cassava, Maize, and Cattle 894004 Kaoma Smallholder Food Crop and Tobacco 894005 Northwestern Timber and Honey 894006 Solwezi and Kasempa Mining Labor and Agriculture 894007 Kafue Plain Maize, Cattle, and Fishing 894008 Commercial Rail Line Maize, Livestock, and Cotton 894009 Southern Plateau Cattle, Maize, and Tobacco 894010 Zambezi Valley Agro-fisheries 894011 Mkushi, Chisamba, and Mpongwe Commercial Farming Block 894012 Central Copperbelt Maize, Cassava, and Sweet Potato 894013 Copperbelt Labor and Trade 894014 Mkushi and Serenje Maize, Sweet Potato, and Horticulture 894015 Luangwa Valley Informal Mining, Fishing, and Hunting 894016 Eastern Plateau Maize, Cotton, and Groundnut 894017 Eastern Plateau Maize, Groundnut, Tobacco, and Trade 894018 Luangwa Valley Subsistence Farming, Hunting, and Tourism 894019 Northern Border Maize, Beans, Livestock, and Trade 894020 Muchinga, Northern, and Luapula Cassava, Groundnut, and Mill 894021 Mweru, Bangweulu, and Tanganyika Fisheries LIVELIHOOD reports the predominant livelihood zone within a 5-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. Livelihood zones can be used as an indicator for sources of food and/or income and as a measure of people's vulnerability to hazards, such as flood, drought, food crisis, market disruption, or conflicts. Information on livelihood zones are available for selected countries of Africa, Afghanistan, El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, and Nicaragua. Livelihood zones are country-specific; therefore, codes and labels for LIVELIHOOD vary across countries. The original LIVELIHOOD zone codes from the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET [URL omitted from DDI.]) begin with the 2-character alphabetic ISO code followed by the livelihood zone code. In place of the 2-character alphabetic ISO code used in the source data, IPUMS-DHS substitutes the 3-digit ISO country code (e.g., 231 for Ethiopia), followed by the 3-digit numeric livelihood zone code (e.g., 177 for West Central Teff). LIVELIHOOD, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Proportion of land area used for agriculture (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for agriculture (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for agriculture (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for agriculture (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for agriculture (circa 2000) -00998 Missing CROPLAND reports the proportion of land that is planted in crops, for a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The statistics reported in CROPLAND are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. CROPLAND is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. CROPLAND, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Proportion of land area used for pastureland (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for pastureland (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for pastureland (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for pastureland (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for pastureland (circa 2000) -00998 Missing PASTURELAND reports the proportion of land that is used as pasture, for a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The pasture area statistics reported in PASTURELAND are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. PASTURELAND is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. PASTURELAND, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Precipitation monthly time-series Precipitation monthly time-series Precipitation monthly time-series Precipitation monthly time-series Precipitation monthly time-series 1 PRECIP available PRECIP consists of a set of 72 separate variables. These variables report the average precipitation in millimeters, received within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, for the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, the month of the survey start date, and the 11 individual months following the survey start date. Note that "average" precipitation here refers to averaging the monthly precipitation values for the various subareas included in the buffer zone. By adding PRECIP to your data cart, you are in effect adding 72 separate variables for: the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, denoted by the number of months prior to the survey start date (e.g., PRECIP_01 is the average precipitation in the month before the survey start date; PRECIP_60 is the average precipitation in the 60th month before the survey start date); the month of the survey start date (PRECIP_00); the 11 individual months following the month of the survey start date, denoted by the number of months following the month of the survey start date (e.g., PRECIP_A01 is the average precipitation in the month following the month of the survey start date). The full set of monthly precipitation data, from January 1981 through August 2018, is available on the IPUMS-DHS contextual variables downloads [URL omitted from DDI.] page. Users can merge the precipitation data, available in csv format, with their IPUMS-DHS data extract to create average or total precipitation variables (e.g., average January precipitation, total 2017 precipitation), for the time frame suited to their research question. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Precipitation 60 months before survey start date Precipitation 60 months before survey start date Precipitation 60 months before survey start date Precipitation 60 months before survey start date Precipitation 60 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 59 months before survey start date Precipitation 59 months before survey start date Precipitation 59 months before survey start date Precipitation 59 months before survey start date Precipitation 59 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 58 months before survey start date Precipitation 58 months before survey start date Precipitation 58 months before survey start date Precipitation 58 months before survey start date Precipitation 58 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 57 months before survey start date Precipitation 57 months before survey start date Precipitation 57 months before survey start date Precipitation 57 months before survey start date Precipitation 57 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 56 months before survey start date Precipitation 56 months before survey start date Precipitation 56 months before survey start date Precipitation 56 months before survey start date Precipitation 56 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 55 months before survey start date Precipitation 55 months before survey start date Precipitation 55 months before survey start date Precipitation 55 months before survey start date Precipitation 55 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 54 months before survey start date Precipitation 54 months before survey start date Precipitation 54 months before survey start date Precipitation 54 months before survey start date Precipitation 54 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 53 months before survey start date Precipitation 53 months before survey start date Precipitation 53 months before survey start date Precipitation 53 months before survey start date Precipitation 53 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 52 months before survey start date Precipitation 52 months before survey start date Precipitation 52 months before survey start date Precipitation 52 months before survey start date Precipitation 52 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 51 months before survey start date Precipitation 51 months before survey start date Precipitation 51 months before survey start date Precipitation 51 months before survey start date Precipitation 51 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 50 months before survey start date Precipitation 50 months before survey start date Precipitation 50 months before survey start date Precipitation 50 months before survey start date Precipitation 50 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 49 months before survey start date Precipitation 49 months before survey start date Precipitation 49 months before survey start date Precipitation 49 months before survey start date Precipitation 49 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 48 months before survey start date Precipitation 48 months before survey start date Precipitation 48 months before survey start date Precipitation 48 months before survey start date Precipitation 48 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 47 months before survey start date Precipitation 47 months before survey start date Precipitation 47 months before survey start date Precipitation 47 months before survey start date Precipitation 47 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 46 months before survey start date Precipitation 46 months before survey start date Precipitation 46 months before survey start date Precipitation 46 months before survey start date Precipitation 46 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 45 months before survey start date Precipitation 45 months before survey start date Precipitation 45 months before survey start date Precipitation 45 months before survey start date Precipitation 45 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 44 months before survey start date Precipitation 44 months before survey start date Precipitation 44 months before survey start date Precipitation 44 months before survey start date Precipitation 44 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 43 months before survey start date Precipitation 43 months before survey start date Precipitation 43 months before survey start date Precipitation 43 months before survey start date Precipitation 43 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 42 months before survey start date Precipitation 42 months before survey start date Precipitation 42 months before survey start date Precipitation 42 months before survey start date Precipitation 42 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 41 months before survey start date Precipitation 41 months before survey start date Precipitation 41 months before survey start date Precipitation 41 months before survey start date Precipitation 41 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 40 months before survey start date Precipitation 40 months before survey start date Precipitation 40 months before survey start date Precipitation 40 months before survey start date Precipitation 40 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 39 months before survey start date Precipitation 39 months before survey start date Precipitation 39 months before survey start date Precipitation 39 months before survey start date Precipitation 39 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 38 months before survey start date Precipitation 38 months before survey start date Precipitation 38 months before survey start date Precipitation 38 months before survey start date Precipitation 38 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 37 months before survey start date Precipitation 37 months before survey start date Precipitation 37 months before survey start date Precipitation 37 months before survey start date Precipitation 37 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 36 months before survey start date Precipitation 36 months before survey start date Precipitation 36 months before survey start date Precipitation 36 months before survey start date Precipitation 36 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 35 months before survey start date Precipitation 35 months before survey start date Precipitation 35 months before survey start date Precipitation 35 months before survey start date Precipitation 35 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 34 months before survey start date Precipitation 34 months before survey start date Precipitation 34 months before survey start date Precipitation 34 months before survey start date Precipitation 34 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 33 months before survey start date Precipitation 33 months before survey start date Precipitation 33 months before survey start date Precipitation 33 months before survey start date Precipitation 33 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 32 months before survey start date Precipitation 32 months before survey start date Precipitation 32 months before survey start date Precipitation 32 months before survey start date Precipitation 32 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 31 months before survey start date Precipitation 31 months before survey start date Precipitation 31 months before survey start date Precipitation 31 months before survey start date Precipitation 31 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 30 months before survey start date Precipitation 30 months before survey start date Precipitation 30 months before survey start date Precipitation 30 months before survey start date Precipitation 30 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 29 months before survey start date Precipitation 29 months before survey start date Precipitation 29 months before survey start date Precipitation 29 months before survey start date Precipitation 29 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 28 months before survey start date Precipitation 28 months before survey start date Precipitation 28 months before survey start date Precipitation 28 months before survey start date Precipitation 28 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 27 months before survey start date Precipitation 27 months before survey start date Precipitation 27 months before survey start date Precipitation 27 months before survey start date Precipitation 27 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 26 months before survey start date Precipitation 26 months before survey start date Precipitation 26 months before survey start date Precipitation 26 months before survey start date Precipitation 26 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 25 months before survey start date Precipitation 25 months before survey start date Precipitation 25 months before survey start date Precipitation 25 months before survey start date Precipitation 25 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 24 months before survey start date Precipitation 24 months before survey start date Precipitation 24 months before survey start date Precipitation 24 months before survey start date Precipitation 24 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 23 months before survey start date Precipitation 23 months before survey start date Precipitation 23 months before survey start date Precipitation 23 months before survey start date Precipitation 23 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 22 months before survey start date Precipitation 22 months before survey start date Precipitation 22 months before survey start date Precipitation 22 months before survey start date Precipitation 22 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 21 months before survey start date Precipitation 21 months before survey start date Precipitation 21 months before survey start date Precipitation 21 months before survey start date Precipitation 21 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 20 months before survey start date Precipitation 20 months before survey start date Precipitation 20 months before survey start date Precipitation 20 months before survey start date Precipitation 20 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 19 months before survey start date Precipitation 19 months before survey start date Precipitation 19 months before survey start date Precipitation 19 months before survey start date Precipitation 19 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 18 months before survey start date Precipitation 18 months before survey start date Precipitation 18 months before survey start date Precipitation 18 months before survey start date Precipitation 18 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 17 months before survey start date Precipitation 17 months before survey start date Precipitation 17 months before survey start date Precipitation 17 months before survey start date Precipitation 17 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 16 months before survey start date Precipitation 16 months before survey start date Precipitation 16 months before survey start date Precipitation 16 months before survey start date Precipitation 16 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 15 months before survey start date Precipitation 15 months before survey start date Precipitation 15 months before survey start date Precipitation 15 months before survey start date Precipitation 15 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 14 months before survey start date Precipitation 14 months before survey start date Precipitation 14 months before survey start date Precipitation 14 months before survey start date Precipitation 14 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 13 months before survey start date Precipitation 13 months before survey start date Precipitation 13 months before survey start date Precipitation 13 months before survey start date Precipitation 13 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 12 months before survey start date Precipitation 12 months before survey start date Precipitation 12 months before survey start date Precipitation 12 months before survey start date Precipitation 12 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 11 months before survey start date Precipitation 11 months before survey start date Precipitation 11 months before survey start date Precipitation 11 months before survey start date Precipitation 11 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 10 months before survey start date Precipitation 10 months before survey start date Precipitation 10 months before survey start date Precipitation 10 months before survey start date Precipitation 10 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 9 months before survey start date Precipitation 9 months before survey start date Precipitation 9 months before survey start date Precipitation 9 months before survey start date Precipitation 9 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 8 months before survey start date Precipitation 8 months before survey start date Precipitation 8 months before survey start date Precipitation 8 months before survey start date Precipitation 8 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 7 months before survey start date Precipitation 7 months before survey start date Precipitation 7 months before survey start date Precipitation 7 months before survey start date Precipitation 7 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 6 months before survey start date Precipitation 6 months before survey start date Precipitation 6 months before survey start date Precipitation 6 months before survey start date Precipitation 6 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 5 months before survey start date Precipitation 5 months before survey start date Precipitation 5 months before survey start date Precipitation 5 months before survey start date Precipitation 5 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 4 months before survey start date Precipitation 4 months before survey start date Precipitation 4 months before survey start date Precipitation 4 months before survey start date Precipitation 4 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 3 months before survey start date Precipitation 3 months before survey start date Precipitation 3 months before survey start date Precipitation 3 months before survey start date Precipitation 3 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 2 months before survey start date Precipitation 2 months before survey start date Precipitation 2 months before survey start date Precipitation 2 months before survey start date Precipitation 2 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 1 month before survey start date Precipitation 1 month before survey start date Precipitation 1 month before survey start date Precipitation 1 month before survey start date Precipitation 1 month before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation month of survey start date Precipitation month of survey start date Precipitation month of survey start date Precipitation month of survey start date Precipitation month of survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 1 month after survey start date Precipitation 1 month after survey start date Precipitation 1 month after survey start date Precipitation 1 month after survey start date Precipitation 1 month after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 2 months after survey start date Precipitation 2 months after survey start date Precipitation 2 months after survey start date Precipitation 2 months after survey start date Precipitation 2 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 3 months after survey start date Precipitation 3 months after survey start date Precipitation 3 months after survey start date Precipitation 3 months after survey start date Precipitation 3 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 4 months after survey start date Precipitation 4 months after survey start date Precipitation 4 months after survey start date Precipitation 4 months after survey start date Precipitation 4 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 5 months after survey start date Precipitation 5 months after survey start date Precipitation 5 months after survey start date Precipitation 5 months after survey start date Precipitation 5 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 6 months after survey start date Precipitation 6 months after survey start date Precipitation 6 months after survey start date Precipitation 6 months after survey start date Precipitation 6 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 7 months after survey start date Precipitation 7 months after survey start date Precipitation 7 months after survey start date Precipitation 7 months after survey start date Precipitation 7 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 8 months after survey start date Precipitation 8 months after survey start date Precipitation 8 months after survey start date Precipitation 8 months after survey start date Precipitation 8 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 9 months after survey start date Precipitation 9 months after survey start date Precipitation 9 months after survey start date Precipitation 9 months after survey start date Precipitation 9 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 10 months after survey start date Precipitation 10 months after survey start date Precipitation 10 months after survey start date Precipitation 10 months after survey start date Precipitation 10 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 11 months after survey start date Precipitation 11 months after survey start date Precipitation 11 months after survey start date Precipitation 11 months after survey start date Precipitation 11 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum monthly temperature Average minimum monthly temperature Average minimum monthly temperature Average minimum monthly temperature Average minimum monthly temperature 1 TEMPMAX available TEMPMIN consists of a set of 72 separate variables reporting minimum monthly temperatures. These variables report the average minimum temperature in kelvin scale, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, for the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, the month of the survey start date, and the 11 individual months following the survey start date. Note that "average" minimum temperature here refers to averaging the minimum temperature values for the various subareas included in the buffer zone. By adding TEMPMIN to your data cart, you are in effect adding 72 separate variables for: the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, denoted by the number of months prior to the survey start date (e.g., TEMPMIN_01 is the average minimum temperature in the month before the survey start date; TEMPMIN _60 is the average minimum temperature in the 60th month before the survey start date) the month of the survey start date (TEMPMIN _00) the 11 individual months following the month of the survey start date, denoted by the number of months following the month of the survey start date (e.g., TEMPMIN_A01 is the average minimum temperature in the month following the month of the survey start date) The full set of monthly temperature data, from January 1980 through December 2016, is available on the IPUMS-DHS contextual variables downloads [URL omitted from DDI.] page. Users can merge the temperature data, available in csv format, with their IPUMS-DHS data extract to create average or total precipitation variables (e.g., average minimum January temperature), for the time frame suited to their research question. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Average minimum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 60 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 59 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 58 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 57 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 56 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 55 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 54 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 53 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 52 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 51 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 50 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 49 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 48 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 47 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 46 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 45 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 44 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 43 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 42 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 41 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 40 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 39 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 38 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 37 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 36 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 35 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 34 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 33 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 32 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 31 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 30 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 29 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 28 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 27 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 26 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 25 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 24 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 23 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 22 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 21 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 20 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 19 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 18 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 17 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 16 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 15 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 14 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 13 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 12 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature month of survey start date Average minimum temperature month of survey start date Average minimum temperature month of survey start date Average minimum temperature month of survey start date Average minimum temperature month of survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum monthly temperature Average maximum monthly temperature Average maximum monthly temperature Average maximum monthly temperature Average maximum monthly temperature 1 TEMPMAX available TEMPMAX consists of a set of 72 separate variables reporting maximum monthly temperatures. These variables report the average maximum temperature in kelvin scale, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, for the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, the month of the survey start date, and the 11 individual months following the survey start date. Note that "average" maximum temperature here refers to averaging the maximum temperature values for the various subareas included in the buffer zone. By adding TEMPMAX to your data cart, you are in effect adding 72 separate variables for: the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, denoted by the number of months prior to the survey start date (e.g., TEMPMAX_01 is the average maximum temperature in the month before the survey start date; TEMPMAX _60 is the average maximum temperature in the 60th month before the survey start date) the month of the survey start date (TEMPMAX _00) the 11 individual months following the month of the survey start date, denoted by the number of months following the month of the survey start date (e.g., TEMPMAX_A01 is the average maximum temperature in the month following the month of the survey start date). The full set of monthly temperature data, from January 1980 through December 2016, is available on the IPUMS-DHS contextual variables downloads [URL omitted from DDI.] page. Users can merge the temperature data, available in csv format, with their IPUMS-DHS data extract to create average or total precipitation variables (e.g., average maximum July temperature), for the time frame suited to their research question. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Average maximum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 60 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 59 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 58 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 57 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 56 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 55 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 54 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 53 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 52 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 51 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 50 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 49 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 48 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 47 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 46 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 45 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 44 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 43 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 42 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 41 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 40 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 39 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 38 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 37 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 36 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 35 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 34 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 33 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 32 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 31 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 30 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 29 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 28 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 27 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 26 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 25 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 24 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 23 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 22 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 21 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 20 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 19 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 18 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 17 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 16 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 15 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 14 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 13 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 12 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature month of survey start date Average maximum temperature month of survey start date Average maximum temperature month of survey start date Average maximum temperature month of survey start date Average maximum temperature month of survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Population density quinquennial time-series (2000-2020) Population density quinquennial time-series (2000-2020) Population density quinquennial time-series (2000-2020) Population density quinquennial time-series (2000-2020) Population density quinquennial time-series (2000-2020) 1 POPDENSITY available POPDENSITY consists of a set of 5 separate variables. These variables report the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. By adding POPDENSITY to your data cart, you are in effect adding 5 separate variables (POPDENSITY_2000 - POPDENSITY_2020), one variable for each month. Values for POPDENSITY are based on population projections from the results of the 2000 and 2010 rounds of censuses. POPDENSITY variables can be used as indicators of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, for greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. POPDENSITY, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Population density 2000 Population density 2000 Population density 2000 Population density 2000 Population density 2000 -000998 Missing POPDENSITY_2000 reports the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2000. The population density statistics are available for the following years: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. POPDENSITY_2000 is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. POPDENSITY_2000 can be used as an indicator of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, and greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. Please see the User Note on Using IPUMS-DHS Contextual Variables: POPDENSITY_2000 [URL omitted from DDI.] for more information about this variable, including data sources and methodology. This variable, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is based on sources outside The DHS Program, with values around DHS sample cluster points calculated by IPUMS-DHS staff. IPUMS Population density 2005 Population density 2005 Population density 2005 Population density 2005 Population density 2005 -000998 Missing POPDENSITY_2005 reports the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2005. The population density statistics are available for the following years: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. POPDENSITY_2005 is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. POPDENSITY_2005 can be used as an indicator of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, and greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. Please see the User Note on Using IPUMS-DHS Contextual Variables: POPDENSITY_2005 [URL omitted from DDI.] for more information about this variable, including data sources and methodology. This variable, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is based on sources outside The DHS Program, with values around DHS sample cluster points calculated by IPUMS-DHS staff. IPUMS Population density 2010 Population density 2010 Population density 2010 Population density 2010 Population density 2010 -000998 Missing POPDENSITY_2010 reports the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2010. The population density statistics are available for the following years: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. POPDENSITY_2010 is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. POPDENSITY_2010 can be used as an indicator of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, and greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. Please see the User Note on Using IPUMS-DHS Contextual Variables: POPDENSITY_2010 [URL omitted from DDI.] for more information about this variable, including data sources and methodology. This variable, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is based on sources outside The DHS Program, with values around DHS sample cluster points calculated by IPUMS-DHS staff. IPUMS Population density 2015 Population density 2015 Population density 2015 Population density 2015 Population density 2015 -000998 Missing POPDENSITY_2015 reports the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2015. The population density statistics are available for the following years: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. POPDENSITY_2015 is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. POPDENSITY_2015 can be used as an indicator of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, and greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. Please see the User Note on Using IPUMS-DHS Contextual Variables: POPDENSITY_2015 [URL omitted from DDI.] for more information about this variable, including data sources and methodology. This variable, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is based on sources outside The DHS Program, with values around DHS sample cluster points calculated by IPUMS-DHS staff. IPUMS Population density 2020 Population density 2020 Population density 2020 Population density 2020 Population density 2020 -000998 Missing POPDENSITY_2020 reports the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2020. The population density statistics are available for the following years: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. POPDENSITY_2020 is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. POPDENSITY_2020 can be used as an indicator of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, and greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. Values for POPDENSITY_2020 are based on population projections from the results of the 2010 round of censuses, which occurred between 2005 and 2014. Please see the User Note on Using IPUMS-DHS Contextual Variables: POPDENSITY_2020 [URL omitted from DDI.] for more information about this variable, including data sources and methodology. This variable, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is based on sources outside The DHS Program, with values around DHS sample cluster points calculated by IPUMS-DHS staff. IPUMS Harvested area barley (in 2000) Harvested area barley (in 2000) Harvested area barley (in 2000) Harvested area barley (in 2000) Harvested area barley (in 2000) -00000998 Missing BARLEY_H reports total harvested area dedicated to barley, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in BARLEY_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable BARLEY_P reports total crop production of barley, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. BARLEY_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area cassava (in 2000) Harvested area cassava (in 2000) Harvested area cassava (in 2000) Harvested area cassava (in 2000) Harvested area cassava (in 2000) -00000998 Missing CASSAVA_H reports total harvested area dedicated to cassava, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in CASSAVA_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable CASSAVA_P reports total crop production of cassava, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. CASSAVA_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area cotton (in 2000) Harvested area cotton (in 2000) Harvested area cotton (in 2000) Harvested area cotton (in 2000) Harvested area cotton (in 2000) -00000998 Missing COTTON_H reports total harvested area dedicated to cotton, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in COTTON_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable COTTON_P reports total crop production of cotton, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. COTTON_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area groundnuts (in 2000) Harvested area groundnuts (in 2000) Harvested area groundnuts (in 2000) Harvested area groundnuts (in 2000) Harvested area groundnuts (in 2000) -00000998 Missing GROUNDNUT_H reports total harvested area dedicated to groundnuts, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in GROUNDNUT_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable GROUNDNUT_P reports total crop production of groundnuts, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. GROUNDNUT_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area maize (in 2000) Harvested area maize (in 2000) Harvested area maize (in 2000) Harvested area maize (in 2000) Harvested area maize (in 2000) -00000998 Missing MAIZE_H reports total harvested area dedicated to maize, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in MAIZE_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable MAIZE_P reports total crop production of maize, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. MAIZE_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area millet (in 2000) Harvested area millet (in 2000) Harvested area millet (in 2000) Harvested area millet (in 2000) Harvested area millet (in 2000) -00000998 Missing MILLET_H reports total harvested area dedicated to millet, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in MILLET_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable MILLET_P reports total crop production of millet, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. MILLET_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area oilpalm (in 2000) Harvested area oilpalm (in 2000) Harvested area oilpalm (in 2000) Harvested area oilpalm (in 2000) Harvested area oilpalm (in 2000) -00000998 Missing OILPALM_H reports total harvested area dedicated to oil palm, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in OILPALM_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable OILPALM_P reports total crop production of oil palm, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. OILPALM_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area potatoes (in 2000) Harvested area potatoes (in 2000) Harvested area potatoes (in 2000) Harvested area potatoes (in 2000) Harvested area potatoes (in 2000) -00000998 Missing POTATO_H reports total harvested area dedicated to potatoes, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in POTATO_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable POTATO_P reports total crop production of potatoes, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. POTATO_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area rapeseed (in 2000) Harvested area rapeseed (in 2000) Harvested area rapeseed (in 2000) Harvested area rapeseed (in 2000) Harvested area rapeseed (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RAPESEED_H reports total harvested area dedicated to rapeseed, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in RAPESEED_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RAPESEED_P reports total crop production of rapeseed, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RAPESEED_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area rice (in 2000) Harvested area rice (in 2000) Harvested area rice (in 2000) Harvested area rice (in 2000) Harvested area rice (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RICE_H reports total harvested area dedicated to rice, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in RICE_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RICE_P reports total crop production of rice, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RICE_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area sorghum (in 2000) Harvested area sorghum (in 2000) Harvested area sorghum (in 2000) Harvested area sorghum (in 2000) Harvested area sorghum (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SORGHUM_H reports total harvested area dedicated to sorghum, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in SORGHUM_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SORGHUM_P reports total crop production of sorghum, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SORGHUM_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area soybeans (in 2000) Harvested area soybeans (in 2000) Harvested area soybeans (in 2000) Harvested area soybeans (in 2000) Harvested area soybeans (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SOYBEAN_H reports total harvested area dedicated to soybeans, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in SOYBEAN_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SOYBEAN_P reports total crop production of soybean, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SOYBEAN_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area sugarbeets (in 2000) Harvested area sugarbeets (in 2000) Harvested area sugarbeets (in 2000) Harvested area sugarbeets (in 2000) Harvested area sugarbeets (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUGARBEET_H reports total harvested area dedicated to sugar beets, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in SUGARBEET_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUGARBEET_P reports total crop production of sugar beets, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUGARBEET_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area sugarcane (in 2000) Harvested area sugarcane (in 2000) Harvested area sugarcane (in 2000) Harvested area sugarcane (in 2000) Harvested area sugarcane (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUGARCANE_H reports total harvested area dedicated to sugar cane, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in SUGARCANE_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUGARCANE_P reports total crop production of sugar cane, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUGARCANE_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area sunflowers (in 2000) Harvested area sunflowers (in 2000) Harvested area sunflowers (in 2000) Harvested area sunflowers (in 2000) Harvested area sunflowers (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUNFLOWER_H reports total harvested area dedicated to sunflowers, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in SUNFLOWER_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUNFLOWER_P reports total crop production of sunflowers, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUNFLOWER_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area wheat (in 2000) Harvested area wheat (in 2000) Harvested area wheat (in 2000) Harvested area wheat (in 2000) Harvested area wheat (in 2000) -00000998 Missing WHEAT_H reports total harvested area dedicated to wheat, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in WHEAT_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable WHEAT_P reports total crop production of wheat, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. WHEAT_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area rye (in 2000) Harvested area rye (in 2000) Harvested area rye (in 2000) Harvested area rye (in 2000) Harvested area rye (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RYE_H reports total harvested area dedicated to rye, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in RYE_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RYE_P reports total crop production of rye, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RYE_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total barley production (in 2000) Total barley production (in 2000) Total barley production (in 2000) Total barley production (in 2000) Total barley production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing BARLEY_P reports the total crop production of barley, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in BARLEY_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable BARLEY_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to barley, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. BARLEY_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total cassava production (in 2000) Total cassava production (in 2000) Total cassava production (in 2000) Total cassava production (in 2000) Total cassava production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing CASSAVA_P reports the total crop production of cassava, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in CASSAVA_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable CASSAVA_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to cassava, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. CASSAVA_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total cotton production (in 2000) Total cotton production (in 2000) Total cotton production (in 2000) Total cotton production (in 2000) Total cotton production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing COTTON_P reports the total crop production of cotton, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in COTTON_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable COTTON_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to cotton, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. COTTON_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total groundnut production (in 2000) Total groundnut production (in 2000) Total groundnut production (in 2000) Total groundnut production (in 2000) Total groundnut production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing GROUNDNUT_P reports the total crop production of groundnuts, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in GROUNDNUT_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable GROUNDNUT_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to groundnuts, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. GROUNDNUT_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total maize production (in 2000) Total maize production (in 2000) Total maize production (in 2000) Total maize production (in 2000) Total maize production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing MAIZE_P reports the total crop production of maize, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in MAIZE_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable MAIZE_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to maize, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. MAIZE_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total millet production (in 2000) Total millet production (in 2000) Total millet production (in 2000) Total millet production (in 2000) Total millet production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing MILLET_P reports the total crop production of millet, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in MILLET_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable MILLET_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to millet, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. MILLET_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total oilpalm production (in 2000) Total oilpalm production (in 2000) Total oilpalm production (in 2000) Total oilpalm production (in 2000) Total oilpalm production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing OILPALM_P reports the total crop production of oil palm, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in OILPALM_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable OILPALM_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to oil palm, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. OILPALM_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total potato production (in 2000) Total potato production (in 2000) Total potato production (in 2000) Total potato production (in 2000) Total potato production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing POTATO_P reports the total crop production of potatoes, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in POTATO_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable POTATO_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to potatoes, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. POTATO_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total rapeseed production (in 2000) Total rapeseed production (in 2000) Total rapeseed production (in 2000) Total rapeseed production (in 2000) Total rapeseed production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RAPESEED_P reports the total crop production of rapeseed, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in RAPESEED_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RAPESEED_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to rapeseed, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RAPESEED_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total rice production (in 2000) Total rice production (in 2000) Total rice production (in 2000) Total rice production (in 2000) Total rice production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RICE_P reports the total crop production of rice, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in RICE_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RICE_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to rice, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RICE_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total sorghum production (in 2000) Total sorghum production (in 2000) Total sorghum production (in 2000) Total sorghum production (in 2000) Total sorghum production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SORGHUM_P reports the total crop production of sorghum, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in SORGHUM_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SORGHUM_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to sorghum, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SORGHUM_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total soybean production (in 2000) Total soybean production (in 2000) Total soybean production (in 2000) Total soybean production (in 2000) Total soybean production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SOYBEAN_P reports the total crop production of soybeans, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in SOYBEAN_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SOYBEAN_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to soybeans, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SOYBEAN_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total sugarbeet production (in 2000) Total sugarbeet production (in 2000) Total sugarbeet production (in 2000) Total sugarbeet production (in 2000) Total sugarbeet production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUGARBEET_P reports the total crop production of sugar beets, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in SUGARBEET_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUGARBEET_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to sugar beets, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUGARBEET_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total sugarcane production (in 2000) Total sugarcane production (in 2000) Total sugarcane production (in 2000) Total sugarcane production (in 2000) Total sugarcane production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUGARCANE_P reports the total crop production of sugar cane, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in SUGARCANE_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUGARCANE_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to sugar cane, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUGARCANE_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total sunflower production (in 2000) Total sunflower production (in 2000) Total sunflower production (in 2000) Total sunflower production (in 2000) Total sunflower production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUNFLOWER_P reports the total crop production of sunflowers, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in SUNFLOWER_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUNFLOWER_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to sunflowers, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUNFLOWER_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total wheat production (in 2000) Total wheat production (in 2000) Total wheat production (in 2000) Total wheat production (in 2000) Total wheat production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing WHEAT_P reports the total crop production of wheat, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in WHEAT_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable WHEAT_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to wheat, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. WHEAT_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total rye production (in 2000) Total rye production (in 2000) Total rye production (in 2000) Total rye production (in 2000) Total rye production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RYE_P reports the total crop production of rye, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in RYE_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RYE_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to rye, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RYE_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS IPUMS-DHS sample identifier IPUMS-DHS sample identifier IPUMS-DHS sample identifier IPUMS-DHS sample identifier IPUMS-DHS sample identifier 00101 Model 2015 00401 Afghanistan 2015 02401 Angola 2015 05001 Bangladesh 1994 05002 Bangladesh 1996-97 05003 Bangladesh 1999-00 05004 Bangladesh 2004 05005 Bangladesh 2007 05006 Bangladesh 2011 05007 Bangladesh 2014 10401 Myanmar 2015 10801 Burundi 1987 10802 Burundi 2010 10803 Burundi 2016 11601 Cambodia 2000 11602 Cambodia 2005 11603 Cambodia 2010 11604 Cambodia 2014 12001 Cameroon 1991 12002 Cameroon 1998 12003 Cameroon 2004 12004 Cameroon 2011 14801 Chad 1996-97 14802 Chad 2004 14803 Chad 2014 18001 Congo Democratic Republic 2007 18002 Congo Democratic Republic 2013-14 20401 Benin 1996 20402 Benin 2001 20403 Benin 2006 20404 Benin 2011 23101 Ethiopia 2000 23102 Ethiopia 2005 23103 Ethiopia 2011 23104 Ethiopia 2016 28801 Ghana 1988 28802 Ghana 1993 28803 Ghana 1998 28804 Ghana 2003 28805 Ghana 2008 28806 Ghana 2014 32001 Guatemala 1987 32002 Guatemala 1995 32003 Guatemala 2015 32401 Guinea 1999 32402 Guinea 2005 32403 Guinea 2012 35601 India 1992-93 35602 India 1998-99 35603 India 2005-06 35604 India 2015-16 38401 Cote d'Ivoire 1994 38402 Cote d'Ivoire 1998 38403 Cote d'Ivoire 2011 40001 Jordan 1990 40002 Jordan 1997 40003 Jordan 2002 40004 Jordan 2007 40005 Jordan 2009 40006 Jordan 2012 40007 Jordan 2017-18 40401 Kenya 1989 40402 Kenya 1993 40403 Kenya 1998 40404 Kenya 2003 40405 Kenya 2008-9 40406 Kenya 2014 42601 Lesotho 2004 42602 Lesotho 2009 42603 Lesotho 2014 45001 Madagascar 1992 45002 Madagascar 1997 45003 Madagascar 2003 45004 Madagascar 2008 45401 Malawi 1992 45402 Malawi 2000 45403 Malawi 2004 45404 Malawi 2010 45405 Malawi 2016 46601 Mali 1987 46602 Mali 1995-6 46603 Mali 2001 46604 Mali 2006 46605 Mali 2012 50401 Morocco 1987 50402 Morocco 1992 50403 Morocco 2003 50801 Mozambique 1997 50802 Mozambique 2003 50803 Mozambique 2011 51601 Namibia 1992 51602 Namibia 2000 51603 Namibia 2006 51604 Namibia 2013 52401 Nepal 1996 52402 Nepal 2001 52403 Nepal 2006 52404 Nepal 2011 52405 Nepal 2016 56201 Niger 1992 56202 Niger 1998 56203 Niger 2006 56204 Niger 2012 56601 Nigeria 1990 56602 Nigeria 1999 56603 Nigeria 2003 56604 Nigeria 2008 56605 Nigeria 2013 58601 Pakistan 1990-91 58602 Pakistan 2006-07 58603 Pakistan 2012-13 58604 Pakistan 2017-18 60401 Peru 1991-92 60402 Peru 1996 60403 Peru 2000 60404 Peru 2004-08 60405 Peru 2010 60406 Peru 2011 60407 Peru 2012 64601 Rwanda 1992 64602 Rwanda 2000 64603 Rwanda 2005 64604 Rwanda 2010 64605 Rwanda 2014 68601 Senegal 1986 68602 Senegal 1992-93 68603 Senegal 1997 68604 Senegal 2005 68605 Senegal 2010-11 68606 Senegal 2012-13 68607 Senegal 2014 68608 Senegal 2015 68609 Senegal 2016 68610 Senegal 2017 71001 South Africa 1998 71002 South Africa 2016 71601 Zimbabwe 1988 71602 Zimbabwe 1994 71603 Zimbabwe 1999 71604 Zimbabwe 2005-6 71605 Zimbabwe 2010-11 71606 Zimbabwe 2015 72901 Sudan 1989-90 78801 Tunisia 1988 79201 Turkey 1993 79202 Turkey 1998 79203 Turkey 2003 80001 Uganda 1988 80002 Uganda 1995 80003 Uganda 2001 80004 Uganda 2006 80005 Uganda 2011 80006 Uganda 2016 81801 Egypt 1988 81802 Egypt 1992 81803 Egypt 1995 81804 Egypt 2000 81805 Egypt 2005 81806 Egypt 2008 81807 Egypt 2014 83401 Tanzania 1991 83402 Tanzania 1996 83403 Tanzania 1999 83404 Tanzania 2004 83405 Tanzania 2010 83406 Tanzania 2015 85401 Burkina Faso 1993 85402 Burkina Faso 1998 85403 Burkina Faso 2003 85404 Burkina Faso 2010 88701 Yemen 1991-92 88702 Yemen 2013 89401 Zambia 1992 89402 Zambia 1996 89403 Zambia 2001 89404 Zambia 2007 89405 Zambia 2013 SAMPLE identifies the DHS sample from which the case is drawn. Each sample receives a unique 5-digit code. The first three digits are ISO/UN codes used in COUNTRY, and the last two digits identify the sample within the country, ordered by survey year. The related variable SAMPLESTR is a string variable that identifies the DHS sample with the same 5-digit code. IPUMS IPUMS-DHS sample identifier (string) IPUMS-DHS sample identifier (string) IPUMS-DHS sample identifier (string) IPUMS-DHS sample identifier (string) IPUMS-DHS sample identifier (string) 11603 Cambodia 2010 11602 Cambodia 2005 11601 Cambodia 2000 10803 Burundi 2016 10802 Burundi 2010 10801 Burundi 1987 10401 Myanmar 2015 05007 Bangladesh 2014 05006 Bangladesh 2011 05005 Bangladesh 2007 05004 Bangladesh 2004 05003 Bangladesh 1999-00 05001 Bangladesh 1994 05002 Bangladesh 1996-97 14801 Chad 1996-97 12004 Cameroon 2011 12003 Cameroon 2004 14803 Chad 2014 18001 Congo Democratic Republic 2007 18002 Congo Democratic Republic 2013-14 20401 Benin 1996 81807 Egypt 2014 81806 Egypt 2008 81805 Egypt 2005 81804 Egypt 2000 81803 Egypt 1995 81802 Egypt 1992 81801 Egypt 1988 80006 Uganda 2016 80005 Uganda 2011 80004 Uganda 2006 80003 Uganda 2001 80002 Uganda 1995 80001 Uganda 1988 79203 Turkey 2003 79202 Turkey 1998 79201 Turkey 1993 78801 Tunisia 1988 72901 Sudan 1989-90 71606 Zimbabwe 2015 71605 Zimbabwe 2010-11 71604 Zimbabwe 2005-6 71603 Zimbabwe 1999 71602 Zimbabwe 1994 71601 Zimbabwe 1988 71001 South Africa 1998 68610 Senegal 2017 68609 Senegal 2016 68608 Senegal 2015 68607 Senegal 2014 14802 Chad 2004 68606 Senegal 2012-13 68605 Senegal 2010-11 68604 Senegal 2005 68603 Senegal 1997 68602 Senegal 1992-93 68601 Senegal 1986 64605 Rwanda 2014 64604 Rwanda 2010 64603 Rwanda 2005 64602 Rwanda 2000 64601 Rwanda 1992 60407 Peru 2012 60406 Peru 2011 60405 Peru 2010 60404 Peru 2004-08 60403 Peru 2000 60402 Peru 1996 60401 Peru 1991-92 58603 Pakistan 2012-13 58602 Pakistan 2006-07 58601 Pakistan 1990-91 56605 Nigeria 2013 56604 Nigeria 2008 56603 Nigeria 2003 56602 Nigeria 1999 56601 Nigeria 1990 56204 Niger 2012 56203 Niger 2006 56202 Niger 1998 12002 Cameroon 1998 12001 Cameroon 1991 11604 Cambodia 2014 02401 Angola 2015 00401 Afghanistan 2015 00101 Model 2015 56201 Niger 1992 52404 Nepal 2011 52403 Nepal 2006 52402 Nepal 2001 52401 Nepal 1996 51604 Namibia 2013 51603 Namibia 2006 51602 Namibia 2000 51601 Namibia 1992 50803 Mozambique 2011 50802 Mozambique 2003 50801 Mozambique 1997 50403 Morocco 2003 50402 Morocco 1992 50401 Morocco 1987 46605 Mali 2012 46604 Mali 2006 46603 Mali 2001 46602 Mali 1995-6 46601 Mali 1987 45405 Malawi 2016 45404 Malawi 2010 45403 Malawi 2004 45402 Malawi 2000 45401 Malawi 1992 45004 Madagascar 2008 45003 Madagascar 2003 45002 Madagascar 1997 45001 Madagascar 1992 42603 Lesotho 2014 42602 Lesotho 2009 42601 Lesotho 2004 40406 Kenya 2014 40405 Kenya 2008-9 40404 Kenya 2003 40403 Kenya 1998 40402 Kenya 1993 40401 Kenya 1989 40006 Jordan 2012 40005 Jordan 2009 40004 Jordan 2007 40003 Jordan 2002 40002 Jordan 1997 40001 Jordan 1990 38403 Cote d'Ivoire 2011 38402 Cote d'Ivoire 1998 38401 Cote d'Ivoire 1994 35604 India 2015-16 35603 India 2005-06 35602 India 1998-99 35601 India 1992-93 32403 Guinea 2012 32402 Guinea 2005 32401 Guinea 1999 32003 Guatemala 2015 32002 Guatemala 1995 32001 Guatemala 1987 28806 Ghana 2014 28805 Ghana 2008 28804 Ghana 2003 28803 Ghana 1998 28802 Ghana 1993 28801 Ghana 1988 23104 Ethiopia 2016 23103 Ethiopia 2011 23102 Ethiopia 2005 23101 Ethiopia 2000 20404 Benin 2011 20403 Benin 2006 20402 Benin 2001 83401 Tanzania 1991 83402 Tanzania 1996 83403 Tanzania 1999 83404 Tanzania 2004 83405 Tanzania 2010 83406 Tanzania 2015 85401 Burkina Faso 1993 85402 Burkina Faso 1998 85403 Burkina Faso 2003 85404 Burkina Faso 2010 88701 Yemen 1991-92 88702 Yemen 2013 89401 Zambia 1992 89402 Zambia 1996 89403 Zambia 2001 89404 Zambia 2007 89405 Zambia 2013 40007 Jordan 2017 52405 Nepal 2016 58604 Pakistan 2017-18 71002 South Africa 2016 SAMPLESTR is a string variable that identifies the DHS sample from which the case is drawn. Each sample receives a unique 5-digit code. The first three digits are ISO/UN codes used in COUNTRY, and the last two digits identify the sample within the country, ordered by survey year. The related variable SAMPLE is a numeric variable that identifies the DHS sample with the same 5-digit code. IPUMS Country Country Country Country Country 001 Model 004 Afghanistan 024 Angola 050 Bangladesh 104 Myanmar 108 Burundi 116 Cambodia 120 Cameroon 148 Chad 180 Congo Democratic Republic 204 Benin 231 Ethiopia 288 Ghana 320 Guatemala 324 Guinea 356 India 384 Cote d'Ivoire 400 Jordan 404 Kenya 426 Lesotho 450 Madagascar 454 Malawi 466 Mali 504 Morocco 508 Mozambique 516 Namibia 524 Nepal 562 Niger 566 Nigeria 586 Pakistan 604 Peru 646 Rwanda 686 Senegal 710 South Africa 716 Zimbabwe 729 Sudan 788 Tunisia 792 Turkey 800 Uganda 818 Egypt 834 Tanzania 854 Burkina Faso 887 Yemen 894 Zambia COUNTRY reports the country where the survey was fielded. The codes assigned to each country are those used by the UN Statistics Division and the ISO (International Organization for Standardization). IPUMS Year of sample Year of sample Year of sample Year of sample Year of sample 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 YEAR reports the year when the survey was fielded, as a four-digit variable. In some cases, the DHS was conducted over the course of two years (e.g., Ethiopia 2010-2011), but YEAR always gives a single year. For full information about the timing of the surveys, please consult the IPUMS-DHS Sample Descriptions page. IPUMS Unique cross-sample respondent identifier Unique cross-sample respondent identifier Unique cross-sample respondent identifier Unique cross-sample respondent identifier Unique cross-sample respondent identifier IDHSPID is an identifying number unique to person in a given sample. It is a concatenation of SAMPLE and CASEID. IDHSPID is a 22-character string variable. IPUMS Unique cross-sample household identifier Unique cross-sample household identifier Unique cross-sample household identifier Unique cross-sample household identifier Unique cross-sample household identifier IDHSHID is an identifying number unique to a specific household in a given sample. It is a concatenation of SAMPLE, CLUSTERNO and HHNUM. IDHSHID is a 19-character string variable. IPUMS Key to link DHS clusters to context data (string) Key to link DHS clusters to context data (string) Key to link DHS clusters to context data (string) Key to link DHS clusters to context data (string) Key to link DHS clusters to context data (string) DHSID is the 14-character DHS identification code for DHS clusters constructed from the 2-character country code, the 4-digit survey year, and the 8-digit cluster identification number. DHSID is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample and uniquely identifies clusters across samples. It serves as the unique linking key between IPUMS-DHS microdata and DHS cluster shapefiles. This is a 14-digit numeric variable with 0 implied decimal places IPUMS Unique sample-case PSU identifier Unique sample-case PSU identifier Unique sample-case PSU identifier Unique sample-case PSU identifier Unique sample-case PSU identifier IDHSPSU is an identifying number unique to the primary sampling unit in a given sample. This variable is a concatenation of SAMPLE (which uniquely identifies each country- and year-specific sample) and PSU (the numbered primary sampling units within a given sample). IPUMS Unique cross-sample sampling strata Unique cross-sample sampling strata Unique cross-sample sampling strata Unique cross-sample sampling strata Unique cross-sample sampling strata IDHSSTRATA is an identifying number unique to the sampling strata in a given sample. This variable is a concatenation of SAMPLE (which uniquely identifies each country- and year-specific sample) and STRATA (groups of geographically similar areas, from which primary sampling units are drawn). IPUMS Sample-specific respondent identifier Sample-specific respondent identifier Sample-specific respondent identifier Sample-specific respondent identifier Sample-specific respondent identifier CASEID is the unique identifier for each woman in a given sample year. Using CASEID and CLUSTERNO, analysts can link IPUMS-DHS data to the original DHS datasets to attach variables that are not currently available in IPUMS-DHS. For example, researchers can use CASEID and CLUSTERNO to link variables from the IPUMS-DHS with other variables from the Woman's Recode file to merge country-specific variables, or to the Household or Couples Recode file to attach variables that are not yet part of IPUMS-DHS. In most samples, users can identify women who are in the same household by using the first 12 characters of CASEID (and CLUSTERNO (V001)), as this indicates a unique household identifier. CASEID is generally created by The DHS Program using the variables CLUSTERNO (V001), HHNUM (V002), and LINENO (V003), with the last three characters indicating the respondent's line number in the household file. For instructions on how to create links between IPUMS-DHS data and DHS source data, see the User Note on "Merging IDHS and DHS Data." [URL omitted from DDI.] CASEID is a 18-character string variable. IPUMS Sample-specific household identifier Sample-specific household identifier Sample-specific household identifier Sample-specific household identifier Sample-specific household identifier HHID is an identifying number unique to each household in a given sample. HHID is a 15-character string variable. IPUMS Sample-specific primary sampling unit Sample-specific primary sampling unit Sample-specific primary sampling unit Sample-specific primary sampling unit Sample-specific primary sampling unit PSU (V021) is the variable indicating the primary sampling unit or PSU. It should be used along with the variable DOMAIN (V023) to account for the impact of the sample design clustering on the variance estimates and standard errors. The DHS Recode Manuals for Phase 2 forward describe this variable as follows: Primary sampling unit is a number assigned to sample points to identify the primary sampling units for use in the calculation of sampling errors. This variable is usually the same as the cluster number and/or the ultimate area unit, but may differ if the sample design required a multistage selection process. See the notes on DHS webpage "Using sample weights" [URL omitted from DDI.] on variance estimation for additional information. PSU (V021) is a 6-digit variable. IPUMS Sample-specific sampling strata Sample-specific sampling strata Sample-specific sampling strata Sample-specific sampling strata Sample-specific sampling strata STRATA (V022) defines the pairings or groupings of primary sampling units used in the calculation of sampling errors when using the Taylor series expansion method. In two-stage sampling, The DHS Program may first group small geographic areas, such as enumeration areas from the last census, into broad strata defined jointly by region and urban versus rural areas within a region. In the second stage of sampling, a subset of geographic areas (sample clusters) are selected as the sites for interviewing from within defined strata. STRATA is not the same as DOMAIN (V023). (Domains represent statistically representative areas for which valid summary statistics can be calculated for a survey, such as provinces and national urban versus rural combined areas, as described in the survey's final report.) The DHS Program recommends using STRATA along with the variable PSU (V021) to account for the impact of the sample design clustering on the estimates of variance and standard errors. Users are strongly encouraged to review the FAQ section provided by The DHS Program on specifying stratification and clustering here [URL omitted from DDI.], using Stata or SPSS to account for sample design. STRATA (V022) is a 5-digit variable. IPUMS Sample-specific domain Sample-specific domain Sample-specific domain Sample-specific domain Sample-specific domain DOMAIN (V023) defines the basic geographic units for which the sample was designed to yield representative estimates. The DHS Recode Manual describes DOMAIN as follows: For example, if the sample was designed to be self-weighting within region, this variable would define those regions; if the sample was designed to be self-weighting within major urban areas, other urban areas and rural areas, this variable would define the major urban, other urban and rural areas. If the sample is self-weighted at the national level, this variable is code 0. When national estimates are desired, users should include survey design variables, including DOMAIN (V023) and PSU (V021), and the correct sample weights (e.g., PERWEIGHT (V005)) to adjust sampling errors to account for DHS' sample design. In most countries, DOMAIN defines the stratification for the sample (generally either regional or national). However, some countries use two levels of stratification, such as region and urban/rural areas. Users should check for the correct stratification design by consulting the Final Report(s) for the sample(s) of interest (particularly the Introduction and Sample Design sections and Implementation Appendix). DOMAIN is a 5-digit variable. IPUMS Household number in cluster Household number in cluster Household number in cluster Household number in cluster Household number in cluster HHNUM (V002) is the number identifying the household in which the respondent was interviewed, within each sample. To identify unique households in most samples, researchers must use HHNUM with CLUSTERNO (V001). For most samples, HHNUM and CLUSTERNO can be used to merge IPUMS-DHS data from the women's file to DHS Household Recode files, to incorporate household variables not yet available in the IPUMS-DHS. However, in some household files, HHNUM and CLUSTERNO do not uniquely identify households in the DHS Household Recode file. For information about the IPUMS-DHS samples where HHNUM and CLUSTERNO are not sufficient to uniquely identify households, and for guidance on what further steps to take for linking files in such cases, please consult the User Note on Linking. [URL omitted from DDI.] HHNUM is a 4-digit variable. IPUMS Sample-specific cluster number Sample-specific cluster number Sample-specific cluster number Sample-specific cluster number Sample-specific cluster number CLUSTERNO (V001) reports the cluster number for the person's de facto residence. According to the DHS Sampling Manual, "A cluster is the smallest geographical survey statistical unit for DHS surveys. It consists of a number of adjacent households in a geographical area. For DHS surveys, a cluster corresponds either to an [enumeration area], or a segment of a large [enumeration area]." The most recent census for a country, which divided all territory into enumeration areas to ensure full coverage of the population, often provides the sampling frame for a DHS survey. CLUSTERNO is the variable indicating the primary sampling unit or PSU. It should be used along with the variable STRATA to account for the impact of the sample design clustering on the estimates of variance and standard errors. See the notes on DHS webpage "Use sample weights" [URL omitted from DDI.] on variance estimation for additional information. CLUSTERNO (V001) and HHNUM (V002) can be used to merge the women's individual recode file to the household recode file. See the DHS webpage Merging Datasets [URL omitted from DDI.] on variables to be used for linking data sets. CLUSTERNO is an 8 digit variable. IPUMS Sample-specific ultimate area unit Sample-specific ultimate area unit Sample-specific ultimate area unit Sample-specific ultimate area unit Sample-specific ultimate area unit ULTAREAUNIT (V004) reports the ultimate area unit for the person's de facto residence. According to the DHS recode manuals, ULTAREAUNIT is a number assigned to each sample point to identify the ultimate area units in the collection of data. It is usually the same as the cluster number [CLUSTERNO (V001)], but may be a sequentially numbered variable for samples with a more complicated structure. ULTAREAUNIT can be used to account for the impact of the sampling design clustering on the variance estimates and standard errors. ULTAREAUNIT (V004) is a 4-digit variable. IPUMS Dwelling unit number within household Dwelling unit number within household Dwelling unit number within household Dwelling unit number within household Dwelling unit number within household STRUCTURNO is the number of the structure (dwelling unit) within the household. This variable is country-specific. STRUCTURNO is a 3-digit variable. IPUMS Household line number of woman respondent Household line number of woman respondent Household line number of woman respondent Household line number of woman respondent Household line number of woman respondent 1) NUMBER 001 1 002 2 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 035 35 036 36 037 37 038 38 039 39 040 40 041 41 042 42 043 43 044 44 045 45 046 46 047 47 048 48 049 49 050 50 051 51 052 52 053 53 054 54 055 55 056 56 057 57 058 58 059 59 060 60 061 61 062 62 063 63 064 64 065 65 066 66 067 67 068 68 069 69 070 70 071 71 072 72 073 73 074 74 075 75 076 76 077 77 078 78 079 79 080 80 081 81 082 82 083 83 084 84 085 85 086 86 087 87 088 88 089 89 090 90 091 91 092 92 093 93 094 94 095 95 096 96 097 97 098 98 099 99 100 100 101 101 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 LINENO (V003) reports the number of the line on which the DHS interviewer recorded the woman's name, when filling out the household schedule. After asking "Please give me the names of the persons who usually live in your household or are staying with you now, starting with the head of the household," the interviewer recorded each name in turn on successively numbered lines printed on the household survey form. IPUMS Respondent's line number (answering Household questionnaire) Respondent's line number (answering Household questionnaire) Respondent's line number (answering Household questionnaire) Respondent's line number (answering Household questionnaire) Respondent's line number (answering Household questionnaire) 1) NUMBER 00 Not in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 98 Missing LINENOHHRESP (HV003) reports the line number in the household schedule of the person responding to the questions asked in the household questionnaire. If nobody in the household was available for the interview, this variable is coded "00." IPUMS Maternity history index to birth history Maternity history index to birth history Maternity history index to birth history Maternity history index to birth history Maternity history index to birth history 402) ENTER THE LINE NUMBER, NAME, AND SURVIVAL STATUS OF EACH BIRTH SINCE JANUARY 1987 IN THE TABLE. ASK THE QUESTIONS OF ALL THESE BIRTHS, BEGINNING WITH THE LAST BIRTH. Now I would like to ask you some more questions about the health of all of the children you have had in the past 5 years. We will talk about one child at a time. LINE NUMBER FROM QUESTION 212: ___ FROM QUESTION 212 AND QUESTION 216: NAME: ___ LIVING: ___ (GO TO 403) DECEASED: ___ (GO TO 403) 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 9 NIU (not in universe) MIDX reports the young child's line number in the woman respondent's maternity history. For children who are included in the maternity history (pregnancy and postnatal care section of the questionnaire, normally children under age 3, 4, or 5), the value of MIDX is the same as the child's line number in the birth history (BIDX). According to the DHS Recode Manuals, "For twins, the information in their entries will be identical for all variables relating to prenatal care." IPUMS Birth history index number Birth history index number Birth history index number Birth history index number Birth history index number 211) Now I would like to talk to you about your children, whether they are still alive or not, beginning with the first birth that you had. (IN 212 WRITE THE NAME OF EACH CHILD, WRITING THE NAMES OF TWINS OR TRIPLETS ON SEPARATE LINES) 07 7 08 8 09 9 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 01 1 BIDX reports the index number of the child in the mother's birth history, from 1 to n, where the nth birth is the mother's first birth, and 1 is the most recently born child. Up to 20 births could be reported by a woman. After asking "Now I would like to record the names of all your births, whether still alive or not, with the first one you had," the interviewer recorded each child's name in turn on successively numbered lines printed in the "Reproduction" section of the individual woman's questionnaire. Combined with CASEID, BIDX uniquely identifies children within a sample. Combined with IDHSPID, BIDX uniquely identifies children across samples. Using these variables, data users can link IPUMS-DHS data to original DHS child-level and birth-level datasets. IPUMS Health history index to birth history Health history index to birth history Health history index to birth history Health history index to birth history Health history index to birth history 441) ENTER THE LINE NUMBER AND NAME OF EACH BIRTH SINCE JANUARY 1987 IN THE TABLE. ASK THE QUESTIONS ABOUT ALL OF THESE BIRTHS. BEGIN WITH THE LAST BIRTH (IF THERE ARE MORE THAN 3 BIRTHS, USE ADDITIONAL FORMS). LINE NUMBER FROM QUESTION 212: ___ FROM QUESTION 212 AND QUESTION 216: NAME: ___ LIVING: ___ DECEASED: ___ 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 HIDX reports the young child's line number in the woman respondent's health history section. For children who are included in the health history (normally, children under age 3, 4, or 5), the value of HIDX is the same as the child's line number in the birth history (BIDX). After asking, "Now I would like to record the names of all your births, whether still alive or not, with the first one you had," the interviewer recorded each child's name in turn on successively numbered lines printed in the "Reproduction" section of the individual woman's questionnaire. IPUMS Sample weight for persons Sample weight for persons Sample weight for persons Sample weight for persons Sample weight for persons PERWEIGHT (V005) is an 8-digit variable with 6 implied decimal places, which should be used as a weighting factor to produce representative numbers accurately describing the surveyed population. While the DHS Recode Manuals direct the researcher to divide the original weight variable by 1,000,000 before applying the weighting factor to the original DHS data files, it is not necessary to modify the value of PERWEIGHT before applying this weight to cases in IPUMS-DHS. PERWEIGHT should be used to weight nearly all tabulations made using IPUMS-DHS data. Occasionally, as with the domestic violence variables, a subset of respondents are randomly selected to answer questions from a survey module, and a specialized weight such as DVWEIGHT should be used instead. Note: The 6 implied decimal places in PERWEIGHT mean that the last six digits of the eight-digit variable are decimal digits, but there is no actual decimal in the data. PERWEIGHT is an 8-digit numeric variable with 6 implied decimal places. See the variable description for directions on the use of PERWEIGHT. IPUMS All woman factor for total population All woman factor for total population All woman factor for total population All woman factor for total population All woman factor for total population AWFACTT is a 5-digit variable (in IPUMS-DHS) with 2 implied decimal places that is used to create total population estimates for all women of childbearing age, for those samples interviewing only ever-married women. A post from DHS senior staff member Tom Pullum on the DHS Users Forum explains, The all-woman factors are needed when you are trying to estimate something for all women, but you have to work with ever-married women because that's all you have in the sample. An example is when you want to estimate a fertility rate for all women but you only have the births and exposure for ever-married women. You have to assume that (a) never-married women have no births and (b) awfact/100 is a multiplier to inflate exposure for ever-married women to exposure for all women. For surveys that used a sampling frame of all women of childbearing age, AWFACTT has a value of 100 (or 1.00, with two decimal places), and thus has no effect on the survey statistics when used as a multiplier. For samples that included only ever-married women, AWFACTT serves as a multiplier to create total population figures for all women of childbearing age, following the assumptions noted above. The width of AWFACTT ranges from a low of 3 to a high of 5 in the original DHS files; see Comparability for further discussion. AWFACTT is a 5-digit numeric variable with 2 implied decimal places. See the variable description for directions on the use of AWFACTT. IPUMS Household selected for men's/husband's survey (individual-level) Household selected for men's/husband's survey (individual-level) Household selected for men's/husband's survey (individual-level) Household selected for men's/husband's survey (individual-level) Household selected for men's/husband's survey (individual-level) HUSBAND INTERVIEW: YES 1 NO 2 Not selected 1 Selected for men's survey 2 Selected for husband's survey MENSELHH (HV027) indicates whether the respondent's household was selected for the men's or husband's survey. Samples including neither a men's survey nor a husband's survey are excluded from this variable in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Year of interview Year of interview Year of interview Year of interview Year of interview INTYEAR (V007) reports the year the interview took place. The dates reported in INTYEAR are based on the Gregorian calendar. IPUMS Month of interview Month of interview Month of interview Month of interview Month of interview 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December MONTHINT (V006) reports the month when the interview took place. IPUMS Day of interview Day of interview Day of interview Day of interview Day of interview 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 INTDAY (V016) reports the day of the month on which the interview took place. INTDAY uses dates expressed in the Gregorian calendar. IPUMS Century month date of interview Century month date of interview Century month date of interview Century month date of interview Century month date of interview INTDATECMC (V008) reports century month code for the date on which the interview took place. Century month codes (CMC) are particularly useful for checking the consistency of dates, calculating intervals between events, and imputing dates when the information for an event is missing or partially complete. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. The year 1900 was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS-relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 is: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed between January 1900 and June 2002. Starting with CMC figures, one can calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC - 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC minus ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) The information above is based on "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006). [URL omitted from DDI.]. The century month codes reported in INTDATECMC are calculated using the Gregorian calculator. INTDATECMC (V008) is a 4-digit variable. IPUMS Century month code (CMC) for start of survey Century month code (CMC) for start of survey Century month code (CMC) for start of survey Century month code (CMC) for start of survey Century month code (CMC) for start of survey 1415 1415 1414 1414 1399 1399 1397 1397 1408 1408 1402 1402 1398 1398 1393 1393 1392 1392 1391 1391 1390 1390 1388 1388 1387 1387 1386 1386 1381 1381 1379 1379 1378 1378 1377 1377 1374 1374 1373 1373 1372 1372 1369 1369 1365 1365 1364 1364 1361 1361 1358 1358 1355 1355 1354 1354 1353 1353 1350 1350 1346 1346 1344 1344 1339 1339 1338 1338 1333 1333 1332 1332 1330 1330 1329 1329 1328 1328 1327 1327 1326 1326 1325 1325 1320 1320 1318 1318 1307 1307 1305 1305 1302 1302 1299 1299 1296 1296 1290 1290 1288 1288 1287 1287 1285 1285 1283 1283 1281 1281 1280 1280 1277 1277 1274 1274 1273 1273 1271 1271 1269 1269 1268 1268 1264 1264 1262 1262 1258 1258 1257 1257 1255 1255 1250 1250 1249 1249 1248 1248 1247 1247 1246 1246 1244 1244 1243 1243 1242 1242 1241 1241 1240 1240 1239 1239 1231 1231 1223 1223 1220 1220 1213 1213 1209 1209 1207 1207 1206 1206 1202 1202 1199 1199 1197 1197 1193 1193 1191 1191 1187 1187 1185 1185 1184 1184 1179 1179 1178 1178 1177 1177 1173 1173 1170 1170 1167 1167 1165 1165 1164 1164 1163 1163 1160 1160 1159 1159 1158 1158 1153 1153 1151 1151 1143 1143 1135 1135 1134 1134 1127 1127 1125 1125 1124 1124 1118 1118 1116 1116 1115 1115 1113 1113 1111 1111 1110 1110 1109 1109 1108 1108 1107 1107 1105 1105 1103 1103 1102 1102 1096 1096 1092 1092 1090 1090 1084 1084 1079 1079 1068 1068 1066 1066 1065 1065 1062 1062 1058 1058 1049 1049 1047 1047 1036 1036 INTSTARTCMC reports the century month code (CMC) for the first month the survey was fielded, according to the DHS Program website. The contextual variables in IPUMS DHS use the month in INTSTARTCMC as the month of the survey start date. The related variable INTENDCMC reports the century month code for the last month the survey was fielded, according to the DHS Program website. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. The year 1900 was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS-relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 is: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed between January 1900 and June 2002. Starting with CMC figures, one can calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC - 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC - ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) The information above is based on "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006). [URL omitted from DDI.]. The century month codes reported in INTSTARTCMC are calculated using the Gregorian calculator. IPUMS Century month code (CMC) for end of survey Century month code (CMC) for end of survey Century month code (CMC) for end of survey Century month code (CMC) for end of survey Century month code (CMC) for end of survey 1418 1418 1417 1417 1403 1403 1420 1420 1039 1039 1051 1051 1052 1052 1062 1062 1066 1066 1069 1069 1070 1070 1073 1073 1085 1085 1090 1090 1092 1092 1097 1097 1101 1101 1105 1105 1107 1107 1108 1108 1109 1109 1110 1110 1114 1114 1115 1115 1118 1118 1119 1119 1124 1124 1125 1125 1126 1126 1130 1130 1131 1131 1139 1139 1148 1148 1153 1153 1157 1157 1158 1158 1160 1160 1163 1163 1165 1165 1167 1167 1168 1168 1171 1171 1174 1174 1176 1176 1182 1182 1183 1183 1185 1185 1187 1187 1190 1190 1191 1191 1193 1193 1195 1195 1199 1199 1200 1200 1203 1203 1204 1204 1205 1205 1207 1207 1208 1208 1211 1211 1212 1212 1215 1215 1217 1217 1218 1218 1223 1223 1229 1229 1233 1233 1242 1242 1244 1244 1245 1245 1246 1246 1247 1247 1249 1249 1250 1250 1251 1251 1253 1253 1256 1256 1261 1261 1262 1262 1265 1265 1266 1266 1267 1267 1268 1268 1272 1272 1274 1274 1275 1275 1276 1276 1277 1277 1280 1280 1282 1282 1283 1283 1284 1284 1286 1286 1287 1287 1292 1292 1294 1294 1295 1295 1300 1300 1302 1302 1306 1306 1307 1307 1310 1310 1316 1316 1320 1320 1321 1321 1325 1325 1331 1331 1333 1333 1335 1335 1336 1336 1337 1337 1338 1338 1340 1340 1343 1343 1344 1344 1347 1347 1349 1349 1350 1350 1354 1354 1356 1356 1358 1358 1360 1360 1362 1362 1365 1365 1367 1367 1370 1370 1372 1372 1374 1374 1378 1378 1379 1379 1380 1380 1384 1384 1390 1390 1392 1392 1394 1394 1398 1398 1399 1399 1402 1402 1404 1404 1405 1405 1406 1406 1416 1416 INTENDCMC reports the century month code (CMC) for the last month the survey was fielded, according to the DHS Program website. The related variable INTSTARTCMC reports the century month code for the first month the survey was fielded, according to the DHS Program website. The contextual variables in IPUMS DHS use the month in INTSTARTCMC as the month of the survey start date. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. The year 1900 was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS-relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 is: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed between January 1900 and June 2002. Starting with CMC figures, one can calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC - 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC - ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) The information above is based on "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006). [URL omitted from DDI.]. The century month codes reported in INTENDCMC are calculated using the Gregorian calculator. IPUMS Time interview started (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time interview started (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time interview started (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time interview started (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time interview started (hhmm - 24 hour clock) 101) RECORD TIME HOUR: ___ MINUTES: ___ 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) INTSTART (V801) reports the time of the start of the interview. The first two digits give the time in hours using the 24-hour clock, and the last two digits give the minutes within that hour. For example, a code of "1349" indicates the interview began at 1:49 P.M. IPUMS Time interview ended (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time interview ended (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time interview ended (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time interview ended (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time interview ended (hhmm - 24 hour clock) 819) RECORD TIME HOUR: ___ MINUTES: ___ 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) INTEND (V802) reports the time of the end of the interview. The first two digits give the time in hours using the 24-hour clock, and the last two digits give the minutes within that hour. For example, a code of "1349" indicates the interview ended at 1:49 P.M. IPUMS Length of interview (minutes) Length of interview (minutes) Length of interview (minutes) Length of interview (minutes) Length of interview (minutes) 819) RECORD TIME HOUR: ___ MINUTES: ___ 00 0 minutes 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95+ 96 2+ visits 97 Inconsistent 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) INTDURATION (V803) reports the duration of the female interview (in minutes). The duration is top-coded at 95 minutes. Interviews that required more than one visit (INTVISITNO (V804) are coded as "96" for "2+ visits." INTDURATION is calculated based on the interview's start and end times in INTSTART (V801) and INTEND (V802). IPUMS Number of visits for the interview Number of visits for the interview Number of visits for the interview Number of visits for the interview Number of visits for the interview TOTAL NUMBER OF VISITS ___ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) INTVISITNO (V804) reports the number of visits required to complete the female interview. IPUMS Result of individual interview Result of individual interview Result of individual interview Result of individual interview Result of individual interview COMPLETED 1 NOT AT HOME 2 POSTPONED 3 REFUSED 4 PARTIALLY FILLED OUT 5 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 6 7 Other 6 Respondent Incapacitated 5 Partly completed 4 Refused 3 Postponed 2 Not at home 1 Completed INTRESULT (V015) reports the result of the individual interview. Code 1 represents a completed interview. Only completed interview cases are included in the DHS women's individual recode files, which provide the source material for IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Ever-married or all-women sample Ever-married or all-women sample Ever-married or all-women sample Ever-married or all-women sample Ever-married or all-women sample 1 All women sample 2 Ever-married women sample EVMARALLSAMP (V020) indicates whether the sample includes only ever-married women or includes all women of childbearing age. IPUMS Identification number of interviewer, women's survey Identification number of interviewer, women's survey Identification number of interviewer, women's survey Identification number of interviewer, women's survey Identification number of interviewer, women's survey INTERVIEWER: (REPEAT FOR SECOND AND THIRD INTERVIEWERS) DATE__ DAY__ MONTH__ YEAR__ INTERVIEWER NAME___ RESULTS___ NEXT VISIT [FOR INTERVIEWERS 1 AND 2]: DATE__ TIME__ FINAL VISIT: DAY__ MONTH__ YEAR 19__ INTERVIEWER__ RESULT__ INTERVIEWERIDIR (V028) reports the interviewer identification code for the interviewer conducting the individual women's interviews for women of childbearing age. Codes are country- and sample-specific; a given numeric code in one survey refers to a different person than the same numeric code in another survey. Numbering of interviewer codes is not necessarily consecutive; some surveys use "0" as an identification code, for example, while others begin with a 3-digit number. Using the interviewer identification codes, researchers can evaluate whether the quality of responses (e.g., the number of "missing" cases) depended on the person conducting the interview. IPUMS Identification number of interviewer, household survey Identification number of interviewer, household survey Identification number of interviewer, household survey Identification number of interviewer, household survey Identification number of interviewer, household survey INTERVIEWER: (REPEAT FOR SECOND AND THIRD INTERVIEWERS) DATE__ DAY__ MONTH__ YEAR__ INTERVIEWER NAME___ RESULTS___ INTERVIEWERIDHH (HV018) reports the interviewer identification code for the interviewer conducting the household survey. Codes are country- and sample-specific; a given numeric code in one survey refers to a different person than the same numeric code in another survey. Numbering of interviewer codes is not necessarily consecutive; some surveys use "0" as an identification code, for example, while others begin with a 3-digit number. Using the interviewer identification codes, researchers can evaluate whether the quality of responses (e.g., the number of "missing" cases) depended on the person conducting the interview. IPUMS Urban-rural status Urban-rural status Urban-rural status Urban-rural status Urban-rural status VILLAGE/QUARTER ___ NIAMEY 1 AGADEZ, MARADI, TAHOUA, ZINDER 2 OTHER CITY 3 RURAL 4 2 Rural 1 Urban URBAN (V025) indicates whether the person's de facto residence was in an urban or rural location. The definition of urban varies across countries. See Comparability. IPUMS De facto place of residence De facto place of residence De facto place of residence De facto place of residence De facto place of residence VILLAGE/QUARTER ___ NIAMEY 1 AGADEZ, MARADI, TAHOUA, ZINDER 2 OTHER CITY 3 RURAL 4 10 City 11 Capital or other large city 12 Other city 20 Town or countryside 21 Town 22 Countryside DEFACTORES (V026) reports the type of place--city, town, or countryside--where the person was interviewed. IPUMS Years lived in place of residence Years lived in place of residence Years lived in place of residence Years lived in place of residence Years lived in place of residence 103) For how long have you been a long-term resident of (NAME OF CURRENT RESIDENCE)? NUMBER OF YEARS: ___ ALWAYS 95 (GO TO 105) JUST VISITING 96 (GO TO 105) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 95 Always 96 Visitor 97 Inconsistent 98 Missing RESIDEINTYR (V104) reports the number of years the woman had been living continuously in the village, town, or city where she was interviewed. IPUMS Type of place of previous residence Type of place of previous residence Type of place of previous residence Type of place of previous residence Type of place of previous residence 104) Just before moving here, did you live in the city of Niamey, in another capital in Agadez, Maradi, Tahous, Zinder or other large foreign city, in a town or the country? NIAMEY/OTHER CAPITAL 1 AGADEZ/MARADI/TAOUA/ZINDER/OTHER LARGE FOREIGN CITY 2 TOWN 3 COUNTRY 4 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Missing 30 Other or abroad 20 Town or countryside 12 Other city 11 Capital or other large city 10 City 31 Abroad 21 Town 22 Countryside 32 Separated camp 33 Tribal area 34 Informal settlement 39 Other, unspecified PREVRESTYP (V105) reports the type of place--city, town, countryside, or a site abroad--where the person lived just before moving to the current place of residence. IPUMS Childhood place of residence Childhood place of residence Childhood place of residence Childhood place of residence Childhood place of residence 102) To begin, I'd like to ask you some questions about yourself and your household. During the majority of the first 12 years of your life, did you live in the city of Niamey, in another capital in Agadez, Maradi, Tahous, Zinder or other large foreign city, in a town or the country? NIAMEY/OTHER CAPITAL 1 AGADEZ/MARADI/TAOUA/ZINDER/OTHER LARGE FOREIGN CITY 2 TOWN 3 COUNTRY 4 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Missing 30 Other 20 Town or countryside 13 Other city or town 12 Other city 11 Capital or large city 10 City 31 Abroad 21 Town 22 Countryside KIDRESTYP (V103) reports the type of place--city, town, countryside, or somewhere abroad--where the woman lived for most of her childhood (usually defined as prior to age 12). Due to country- and survey-level variation in data collection, IPUMS-DHS uses composite coding to maximize comparability across samples for this variable. IPUMS Niger regions, 1992-2012 [integrated; GIS] Niger regions, 1992-2012 [integrated; GIS] Niger regions, 1992-2012 [integrated; GIS] Niger regions, 1992-2012 [integrated; GIS] Niger regions, 1992-2012 [integrated; GIS] 1 Tahoua/Agadez 2 Zinder/Diffa 3 Dossa 4 Maradi 5 Tillaberi 6 Niamey GEO_ NE1992_2012 indicates the region of Niger where the respondent was interviewed. The variable is integrated to yield units with consistent boundaries across samples. Labels identify the modern geographic units (regions) contained in each integrated region. Each sample also has its own non-integrated geography variable. The 1992, 2006, and 2012 samples have greater geographic detail available in their sample-specific variables. An integrated GIS map (in shapefile format) for Niger can be downloaded here [URL omitted from DDI.]. IPUMS Niger regions, 1992 [GIS] Niger regions, 1992 [GIS] Niger regions, 1992 [GIS] Niger regions, 1992 [GIS] Niger regions, 1992 [GIS] 1 Niamey 2 Agadez 3 Diffa 4 Dossa 5 Maradi 6 Tahoua 7 Tillaberi 8 Zinder GEO_NE1992 (V101_NE1992) indicates the region of Niger where the respondent was interviewed. DHS units in the 1992 Niger survey are equivalent to grouped regions. Other sample years have their own sample-specific geography variables. There is also an integrated variable, GEO_NE1992_2012, that provides spatially consistent units over time. A GIS map for GEO_NE1992 (in shapefile format) can be downloaded from the DHS Program Spatial Data Repository [URL omitted from DDI.] Boundaries page. IPUMS Age Age Age Age Age 106) How old were you at your last birthday? COMPARE AND CORRECT IF 105 AND 106 ARE INCOMPATIBLE. AGE IN COMPLETED YEARS: ___ 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 AGE (V012) reports the woman's age. DHS surveys collect information about the woman's age through questions about age at last birthday and date of birth. DHS Recode Manuals provide the following information about how the AGE variable is calculated: Current age in completed years is calculated from the century month code of the date of birth of the respondent (V011) and the century month code of the date of interview (V008). In a few cases the age in the data file will be different from that reported by the respondent when the respondent's birthday was in the month of interview, but she had not yet had her birthday. If the respondent correctly reported her age at her last birthday (and not her age at her next birthday) then the calculated age was rounded up from the reported age, to avoid inconsistencies between the age and the century month code for the birth. IPUMS Age in 5 year groups Age in 5 year groups Age in 5 year groups Age in 5 year groups Age in 5 year groups 106) How old were you at your last birthday? COMPARE AND CORRECT IF 105 AND 106 ARE INCOMPATIBLE. AGE IN COMPLETED YEARS: ___ 10 10 to 14 11 10 to 14 12 12 to 14 13 13 to 14 20 15-19 30 20-24 40 25-29 50 30-34 60 35-39 70 40-44 80 45-49 90 50+ 91 50-54 92 55-59 93 60-64 AGE5YEAR (V013) reports the woman's age in 5-year groups, based on data from the AGE (V012) variable. The age range of women interviewed varies across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Woman's month of birth Woman's month of birth Woman's month of birth Woman's month of birth Woman's month of birth 105) In what month and year were you born? MONTH: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 YEAR: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December BIRTHMO (V009) reports the woman's month of birth. IPUMS Woman's year of birth Woman's year of birth Woman's year of birth Woman's year of birth Woman's year of birth 105) In what month and year were you born? MONTH: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 YEAR: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 1995 1995 1994 1994 1993 1993 1992 1992 1991 1991 1990 1990 1989 1989 1988 1988 1987 1987 1986 1986 1985 1985 1984 1984 1983 1983 1982 1982 1981 1981 1980 1980 1979 1979 1978 1978 1977 1977 1976 1976 1975 1975 1974 1974 1973 1973 1972 1972 1971 1971 1970 1970 1969 1969 1968 1968 1967 1967 1966 1966 1965 1965 1964 1964 1963 1963 1962 1962 1961 1961 1960 1960 1959 1959 1958 1958 1957 1957 1956 1956 1955 1955 1954 1954 1953 1953 1952 1952 1951 1951 1950 1950 1949 1949 1948 1948 1947 1947 1946 1946 1945 1945 1944 1944 1943 1943 1942 1942 1941 1941 1940 1940 1939 1939 1938 1938 1937 1937 1936 1936 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 BIRTHYEAR (V010) reports the woman's year of birth. IPUMS Respondent's date of birth, in century months Respondent's date of birth, in century months Respondent's date of birth, in century months Respondent's date of birth, in century months Respondent's date of birth, in century months 105) In what month and year were you born? MONTH: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 YEAR: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 DOBCMC (V011) reports the century month code (CMC) for the woman's date of birth. Century month codes (CMC) are particularly useful for checking the consistency of dates, calculating intervals between events, and imputing dates when the information for an event is missing or partially complete. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. The year 1900 was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS-relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 is: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed between January 1900 and June 2002. Starting with CMC figures, one can calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC - 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC - ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) The information above is based on "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006) [URL omitted from DDI.]. DOBCMC (V011) is a 4-digit variable. IPUMS Information given on respondent's date of birth Information given on respondent's date of birth Information given on respondent's date of birth Information given on respondent's date of birth Information given on respondent's date of birth 105) In what month and year were you born? MONTH: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 YEAR: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 1 Month and year 2 Month and age, year imputed 3 Year and age, month imputed 4 Year and age, year ignored 5 Year only, age and month imputed 6 Age only, year and month imputed 7 Month only, age and year imputed 8 Season and year 9 None reported, all imputed DOBINFORESP (V014) reports the completeness of information about the respondent's age and date of birth. A code of 0 indicates the month and the year were reported, and no data were imputed. IPUMS Usual resident or visitor Usual resident or visitor Usual resident or visitor Usual resident or visitor Usual resident or visitor 4) RESIDENCE: Does (NAME) normally live here? YES 1 NO 2 1 Usual resident 2 Visitor 8 Missing RESIDENT (V135) indicates whether the woman was a usual resident of the household or was just visiting there. As defined by the RESIDENT variable, a visitor could potentially reside in the city, town, or village where the interview took place but would have answered "No" to the question, "Does (NAME) usually live here [in this dwelling unit]?" on the household questionnaire. IPUMS Respondent's relationship to HH head Respondent's relationship to HH head Respondent's relationship to HH head Respondent's relationship to HH head Respondent's relationship to HH head 3) RELATIONSHIP TO HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD: What is the familial relation between (NAME) and the head of household? HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD 01 WIFE OR HUSBAND 02 SON OR DAUGHTER 03 SON OR DAUGHTER-IN-LAW 04 GRANDSON OR GRANDDAUGHTER 05 FATHER OR MOTHER 06 PARENT-IN-LAW 07 BROTHER OR SISTER 08 CO-SPOUSE 09 OTHER RELATIVE 10 ADOPTED/FOSTER/STEP CHILD 11 NO FAMILY RELATIONSHIP 12 DON'T KNOW 98 01 Head 02 Wife 03 Daughter or son 04 Daughter- or son-in-law 05 Grandchild 06 Mother or father 07 Parent-in-law 08 Sister or brother 09 Co-spouse 10 Adopted/foster/step child 11 Adopted/foster child 12 Stepchild 20 Other relative 21 Niece or nephew by blood 22 Niece or nephew by marriage 23 Niece or nephew unspecified 24 Sibling-in-law 25 Aunt or uncle 26 Grandparent 30 Nonrelative 31 Domestic servant/employee 32 Herdboy 97 Don't know 98 Missing RELATE (V150) reports the woman's relationship to the head of the household, based on a question in the household questionnaire. IPUMS Currently pregnant Currently pregnant Currently pregnant Currently pregnant Currently pregnant 223) Are you pregnant now? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 226) UNSURE 8 (GO TO 226) No/unsure 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) PREGNANT (V213) indicates whether the respondent is currently pregnant. IPUMS Duration of current pregnancy Duration of current pregnancy Duration of current pregnancy Duration of current pregnancy Duration of current pregnancy 224) How many months pregnant are you? MONTHS: ___ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For currently pregnant women, DURCURPREG (V214) reports the imputed duration of the woman's current pregnancy. IPUMS Religion Religion Religion Religion Religion 115) What is your religion? MUSLIM 1 CHRISTIAN 2 ANIMIST 3 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 4 0000 NO RELIGION 1000 MUSLIM 2000 CHRISTIAN 2100 Catholic 2200 Orthodox 2300 Protestant 2310 Lutheran 2320 Anglican 2330 Presbyterian 2340 Baptist/Seventh-day Adventist 2341 Baptist 2342 Seventh-day Adventist 2350 Apostolic 2360 Salvation Army 2370 Methodist 2380 Pentacostal-based 2381 Pentacostal 2382 Celestial Church of Christ 2383 Universal 2384 Assemblies of God 2390 Other Protestant 2391 Evangelical 2392 Lesotho Evangelical Church 2393 Kimbanguist (Congo, Democratic Republic) 2400 Nontrinitarian 2410 Jehovah's Witness 2900 Other Christian, country-specific 2901 African Zionist (Mozambique) 2902 Mammon (Uganda) 3000 BUDDHIST/NEO-BUDDHIST 3100 Buddhist 4000 HINDU 5000 JEWISH 6000 TRADITIONAL/SPIRITUAL/ANIMIST 6100 Traditional 6200 Spiritual 6300 Animist 6400 Specified Traditional 6401 Donyi-Polo 6402 Sanamahi 6403 Vodun 7000 OTHER (SPECIFIED) 7100 Baha'i 7200 Sikh 7300 Zoroastrian 7400 Jain 7900 Country-specific other 7901 Sect (Burundi) 7902 Bundu dia Kongo (Congo, Democratic Republic) 7903 Vuvamu (Congo, Democratic Republic) 7904 Kirat Mundhum (Nepal) 9000 OTHER 9001 Religion 1 9002 Religion 2 9003 Religion 3 9004 Religion 4 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) RELIGION (V130) reports the respondent's religion. While the categories and codes for the religion variable in the original DHS files are country-specific, IPUMS-DHS uses a 4-digit composite coding system to fit these diverse categories into a single variable without losing information.  See Comparability. IPUMS Ethnicity, Niger Ethnicity, Niger Ethnicity, Niger Ethnicity, Niger Ethnicity, Niger 117) What is your ethnicity? ARABE 01 DJERMA 02 GOURMANTH 03 HAUSSA 04 KAMOURI 05 MOSSI 06 PEULH 07 TOUAREG BELLA 08 TOUBOU 09 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 10 01 Arab 02 Djerma 03 Gourmanthe 04 Haoussa 05 Kanouri 06 Peulh 07 Toureg 08 Toubou 10 Other 11 Mossi 12 Other non-Niger 98 Missing ETHNICITYNE (V131NE) is a variable specific to Niger that reports responses to a question about the woman's ethnicity. The groups identified vary across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Woman's current marital or union status Woman's current marital or union status Woman's current marital or union status Woman's current marital or union status Woman's current marital or union status 501) Are you now married or in a union with a man? YES 1(GO TO 504) NO 2 10 Never married 20 Married or living together 21 Married 22 Living together 30 Formerly in union 31 Widowed 32 Divorced 33 Separated/not living together 98 Missing 11 Unconsummated marriage 34 Deserted MARSTAT (V501) reports the woman's current marital status. Response categories and question wording vary across surveys. See Comparability. IPUMS Woman never, currently, or formerly married Woman never, currently, or formerly married Woman never, currently, or formerly married Woman never, currently, or formerly married Woman never, currently, or formerly married 501) Are you now married or in a union with a man? YES 1(GO TO 504) NO 2 Never married 1 Currently married 2 Formerly married 8 Missing CURRMARR (V502) reports the woman's marital/union status as "Never married," "Currently married," or "Formerly married." "Never married" includes women who have never lived with a partner. "Currently married" includes women who are married and those who are not formally married but are living with a partner. "Formerly married" includes women who are widowed, divorced, or separated, or who have formerly lived with a partner. For samples restricted to ever-married women, only women who are formally married (not cohabiting) are included as "married." IPUMS Woman had one or more than one union Woman had one or more than one union Woman had one or more than one union Woman had one or more than one union Woman had one or more than one union 508) Have you been married or lived with a man only once, or more than one? ONCE 1 MORE THAN ONCE 2 One 1 More than one 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had ever been married or lived with a man, UNION1MORE (V503) indicates whether the respondent had been in one or more than one marriage/union. IPUMS Age at first marriage or cohabitation Age at first marriage or cohabitation Age at first marriage or cohabitation Age at first marriage or cohabitation Age at first marriage or cohabitation 510) How old were you when you started living with him? AGE: ___ DON'T KNOW AGE 98 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 96 Marriage not consummated 97 Inconsistent 98 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) AGEFRSTMAR (V511) reports the woman's age at the start of her first marriage or union. This usually refers to when the woman first started to live with her first husband or partner. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, "Age at start of first marriage or union is calculated from the century month code of the date of start of first marriage or union and the century month code of the date of birth of the respondent." IPUMS Marital or cohabitation duration (grouped) Marital or cohabitation duration (grouped) Marital or cohabitation duration (grouped) Marital or cohabitation duration (grouped) Marital or cohabitation duration (grouped) 509) In what month and year did you start living with him? MONTH: ___ DON'T KNOW MONTHS 98 YEAR: ___ DON'T KNOW YEARS 98 00 Never married 01 0 to 4 02 5 to 9 03 10 to 14 04 15 to 19 05 20 to 24 06 25 to 29 07 30+ 96 Marriage not consummated 98 Missing DURMARGRP (V513) reports the number of years elapsed since the woman's first marriage or cohabiting union until the date of the survey interview, in five-year groups. The duration is reported irrespective of whether the respondent is still married or in a union with her first partner. IPUMS Month of first marriage or cohabitation Month of first marriage or cohabitation Month of first marriage or cohabitation Month of first marriage or cohabitation Month of first marriage or cohabitation 509) In what month and year did you start living with him? MONTH: ___ DON'T KNOW MONTHS 98 YEAR: ___ DON'T KNOW YEARS 98 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Marriage not consummated 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who had ever been married or lived with a man, MAR1STMO (V507) reports the month of their first marriage or (for most samples) unmarried cohabitation. The year of the woman's first marriage/union is reported in MAR1STYR (V508). IPUMS Year of first marriage or cohabitation Year of first marriage or cohabitation Year of first marriage or cohabitation Year of first marriage or cohabitation Year of first marriage or cohabitation 509) In what month and year did you start living with him? MONTH: ___ DON'T KNOW MONTHS 98 YEAR: ___ DON'T KNOW YEARS 98 1943 1943 1944 1944 1945 1945 1946 1946 1947 1947 1948 1948 1949 1949 1950 1950 1951 1951 1952 1952 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 9996 Marriage not consummated 9997 Inconsistent 9998 Don't know 9999 NIU (not in universe) For women who had ever been married or lived with a man, MAR1STYR (V508) reports the year of their first marriage or (for most samples) unmarried cohabitation. The month of the woman's first marriage/union is reported in MAR1STMO (V507). IPUMS Years since starting date of 1st marriage or union Years since starting date of 1st marriage or union Years since starting date of 1st marriage or union Years since starting date of 1st marriage or union Years since starting date of 1st marriage or union 509) In what month and year did you start living with him? MONTH: ___ DON'T KNOW MONTHS 98 YEAR: ___ DON'T KNOW YEARS 98 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 98 Marriage not consummated 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who had ever been married or lived with a man, YRSTO1STMAR (V512) reports the number of years from the start of the woman's first marriage/union to the date of the survey interview. The calculation is made using century month codes for both dates. For the month and year of first marriage/union, see MAR1STMO (V507) and MAR1STYR (V508) respectively. IPUMS Date of first marriage or cohabitation (CMC) Date of first marriage or cohabitation (CMC) Date of first marriage or cohabitation (CMC) Date of first marriage or cohabitation (CMC) Date of first marriage or cohabitation (CMC) 509) In what month and year did you start living with him? MONTH: ___ DON'T KNOW MONTHS 98 YEAR: ___ DON'T KNOW YEARS 98 9996 Not consummated 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) MAR1STCMC (V509) reports the century month code (CMC) for the date of the woman's first marriage or cohabitation. Century month codes (CMC) are particularly useful checking the consistency of dates, calculating intervals between events, and imputing dates when the information for an event is missing or partially complete. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. The year 1900 was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS-relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 is: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed between January 1900 and June 2002. Starting with CMC figures, one can calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC - 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC - ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) The information above is based on "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006) [URL omitted from DDI.]. IPUMS Completeness of information, date of first marriage/union Completeness of information, date of first marriage/union Completeness of information, date of first marriage/union Completeness of information, date of first marriage/union Completeness of information, date of first marriage/union 509) In what month and year did you start living with him? MONTH: ___ DON'T KNOW MONTHS 98 YEAR: ___ DON'T KNOW YEARS 98 01 Month and year reported 02 Month and age reported, year imputed 03 Year and age reported, month imputed 05 Year reported, age and month imputed 06 Age reported, year and month imputed 08 Month reported, age and year imputed 09 Year and age reported, year ignored 10 Season and year reported 11 All values imputed 99 NIU (not in universe) 12 All reported, inconsistent MAR1STDATINFO (V510) reports the completeness of information for the date of the woman's first marriage or cohabitation. See Comparability. IPUMS Months between respondent's 1st marriage and 1st birth Months between respondent's 1st marriage and 1st birth Months between respondent's 1st marriage and 1st birth Months between respondent's 1st marriage and 1st birth Months between respondent's 1st marriage and 1st birth 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 998 First birth prior to first marriage 999 NIU (not in universe) MARTO1STBORNMO (V221) reports the number of months between the woman's first marriage (i.e., formal marriage or first episode of living with a man) and her first birth. For women whose first birth occurred before their first marriage, this variable is coded as '998.' IPUMS Number of other wives Number of other wives Number of other wives Number of other wives Number of other wives 506) How many other wives does he have? NUMBER: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 (GO TO 508) 00 No other wives 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 96 Has other wives, dk number 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who were currently married or living with a man, WIFENUM (V505) reports the number of other wives (or co-resident partners) their husband/partner had. Question wording varied across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Wife rank number Wife rank number Wife rank number Wife rank number Wife rank number 507) Are you the first, second, third'?spouse? RANK: ___ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women married to or living with a man who had more than one wife/partner, WIFERANK (V506) reports the woman's rank among her husband's/partner's wives/partners. IPUMS Husband/partner lives in woman's household Husband/partner lives in woman's household Husband/partner lives in woman's household Husband/partner lives in woman's household Husband/partner lives in woman's household 504) Does your husband/partner live with you, or is he staying elsewhere? LIVING WITH HER 1 STAYING ELSEWHERE 2 Living with woman 1 Staying elsewhere 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who were currently married or living with a man, HUSBINHOME (V504) indicates whether the husband/partner lived with the woman or stayed elsewhere. IPUMS Total children ever born Total children ever born Total children ever born Total children ever born Total children ever born 209) CHECK 208: I want to make sure I understand: You have had (TOTAL) ___ births in your life. Is that correct? YES: ___ (GO TO 210) NO: ___ (PROBE AND CORRECT 201-208 AS NECESSARY) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 98 Missing 99 NIU (Not in universe) CHEB (V201) reports the total number of children ever born to the respondent. The number reported in CHEB is the sum of a series of variables covering the total number of sons and daughters who are living at home, living away from home, or who have died (V202 to V207). The number of births reported in CHEB will match the number of entries in the birth history (V224) for up to 20 births. If the woman reported more than 20 births, then the number for CHEB will exceed the number of births in the birth history, but such cases are rare. IPUMS Number of entries in the birth history Number of entries in the birth history Number of entries in the birth history Number of entries in the birth history Number of entries in the birth history 211) Now I would like to talk to you about your children, whether they are still alive or not, beginning with the first birth that you had. (IN 212 WRITE THE NAME OF EACH CHILD, WRITING THE NAMES OF TWINS OR TRIPLETS ON SEPARATE LINES) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 99 NIU (not in universe) TOTBIRTHIST (V224) reports the number of entries in the woman respondent's birth history. For up to 20 births, the birth history contains information for each of the respondent's births. In those rare cases when the respondent had more than 20 births, the birth history lists the last 19 births and the first birth. In cases where the women had fewer than 20 births, the number reported in TOTBIRTHIST will match the number reported in CHEB (V201), the total number of children ever born to the respondent. IPUMS Number of own sons living at home Number of own sons living at home Number of own sons living at home Number of own sons living at home Number of own sons living at home 203) How many sons live with you? And how many daughters? IF NONE, ENTER '00'. SONS AT HOME: ___ DAUGHTERS AT HOME: ___ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 99 NIU (not in universe) SONSATHOME (V202) reports the number of sons to whom the woman has given birth who are currently living with her. The related variable SONSAWAYHOME (V204) reports the number of sons to whom the woman has given birth and are still alive, but who are not currently living with her. IPUMS Number of own daughters living at home Number of own daughters living at home Number of own daughters living at home Number of own daughters living at home Number of own daughters living at home 204) Have you given birth to sons or daughters who are still living but do not currently live with you? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 206) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 99 NIU (not in universe) DAUSATHOME (V203) reports the number of daughters to whom the woman has given birth who are currently living with her. The related variable DAUSAWAYHOME (V205) reports the number of daughters to whom the woman has given birth and are still alive, but who are not currently living with her. IPUMS Number of own sons living away from home Number of own sons living away from home Number of own sons living away from home Number of own sons living away from home Number of own sons living away from home 205) How many sons are alive but not living with you? And how many daughters? IF NONE, ENTER '00'. SONS ELSEWHERE: ___ DAUGHTERS ELSEWHERE: ___ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 99 NIU (not in universe) SONSAWAYHOME (V204) reports the number of sons to whom the woman has given birth who are still alive, but who are not currently living with her. The related variable SONSATHOME (V202) reports the number of sons to whom the woman has given birth who are still alive, and who are currently living with her. IPUMS Number of own daughters living away from home Number of own daughters living away from home Number of own daughters living away from home Number of own daughters living away from home Number of own daughters living away from home 205) How many sons are alive but not living with you? And how many daughters? IF NONE, ENTER '00'. SONS ELSEWHERE: ___ DAUGHTERS ELSEWHERE: ___ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 99 NIU (not in universe) DAUSAWAYHOME (V205) reports the number of daughters to whom the woman has given birth who are still alive, but who are not currently living with her. The related variable DAUSATHOME (V203) reports the number of daughters to whom the woman has given birth who are still alive, and who are currently living with her. IPUMS Number of own sons who have died Number of own sons who have died Number of own sons who have died Number of own sons who have died Number of own sons who have died 207) In all, how many of your sons have died? And how many of your daughters? IF NONE, ENTER '00'. SONS DECEASED: ___ DAUGHTERS DECEASED: ___ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 99 NIU (not in universe) SONSDIED (V206) reports the number of sons to whom the woman has given birth who have died. IPUMS Number of own daughters who have died Number of own daughters who have died Number of own daughters who have died Number of own daughters who have died Number of own daughters who have died 207) In all, how many of your sons have died? And how many of your daughters? IF NONE, ENTER '00'. SONS DECEASED: ___ DAUGHTERS DECEASED: ___ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) DAUSDIED (V207) reports the number of daughters to whom the woman has given birth who have died. IPUMS Number of births in last 5 years Number of births in last 5 years Number of births in last 5 years Number of births in last 5 years Number of births in last 5 years 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 8 7 7 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 BIRTHSIN5YRS (V208) reports the number of births the woman had in the five years prior to the survey. This statistic is calculated based on the total number of births in the 0 to 59 months prior to the month of the interview. IPUMS Number of births in the past year Number of births in the past year Number of births in the past year Number of births in the past year Number of births in the past year 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 9 NIU (not in universe) 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 BIRTHSIN1YR (V209) reports the number of births the woman had in the year prior to the survey. This statistic is calculated based on the total number of births in the months 0 to 12 (not 0 to 11) prior to the month of the interview. For example, if the survey were given in January, BIRTHSIN1YR would report the number of births the woman had between the time of the survey and the previous January. IPUMS Total number of births in month of interview Total number of births in month of interview Total number of births in month of interview Total number of births in month of interview Total number of births in month of interview 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 1 1 2 2 3 3 9 NIU (not in universe) BIRTHSIN1MO (V210) reports the total number of births the woman had in the month of interview. IPUMS Date of respondent's first birth, in century months Date of respondent's first birth, in century months Date of respondent's first birth, in century months Date of respondent's first birth, in century months Date of respondent's first birth, in century months 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) DOB1STKIDCMC (V211) reports the century month code (CMC) for the date of the woman's first birth. The Guide to DHS Statistics (2003) explains the use and calculation of CMC values as follows: Century month codes (CMC) are particularly important to check consistency of dates, to calculate intervals between events, and to impute dates when the information for an event is missing or partially complete. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. That year was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 will be: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed since January 1900 to June 2002. Based on CMC it is possible to calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC - 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC - ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) IPUMS Time since woman's last menstrual period Time since woman's last menstrual period Time since woman's last menstrual period Time since woman's last menstrual period Time since woman's last menstrual period 226) When did your last period start? DAYS: ___ 1 WEEKS: ___ 2 MONTHS: ___ 3 YEARS: ___ 4 IN MENOPAUSE 994 BEFORE LAST BIRTH 995 NEVER MENSTRUATED 996 100 Day of Interview 101 Days: 1 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 131 31 days 132 32 days 133 33 days 134 34 days 135 35 days 136 36 days 137 37 days 138 38 days 139 39 days 140 40 days 141 41 days 142 42 days 143 43 days 144 44 days 145 45 days 146 46 days 147 47 days 148 48 days 149 49 days 150 50 days 151 51 days 152 52 days 153 53 days 154 54 days 155 55 days 156 56 days 157 57 days 158 58 days 159 59 days 160 60 days 161 61 days 162 62 days 163 63 days 164 64 days 165 65 days 166 66 days 167 67 days 168 68 days 169 69 days 170 70 days 171 71 days 172 72 days 173 73 days 174 74 days 175 75 days 176 76 days 177 77 days 178 78 days 179 79 days 180 80 days 181 81 days 182 82 days 183 83 days 184 84 days 185 85 days 186 86 days 187 87 days 188 88 days 189 89 days 190 90 days 191 91 days 192 92 days 193 93 days 194 94 days 195 95 days 196 96 days 197 97 days 198 98 days 199 Days: Number missing 200 Weeks 201 201 Weeks: 1 202 2 weeks 203 3 weeks 204 4 weeks 205 5 weeks 206 6 weeks 207 7 weeks 208 8 weeks 209 9 weeks 210 10 weeks 211 11 weeks 212 12 weeks 213 13 weeks 214 14 weeks 215 15 weeks 216 16 weeks 217 17 weeks 218 18 weeks 219 19 weeks 220 20 weeks 221 21 weeks 222 22 weeks 223 23 weeks 224 24 weeks 225 25 weeks 226 26 weeks 227 27 weeks 228 28 weeks 229 29 weeks 230 30 weeks 231 31 weeks 232 32 weeks 233 33 weeks 234 34 weeks 235 35 weeks 236 36 weeks 237 37 weeks 238 38 weeks 239 39 weeks 240 40 weeks 241 41 weeks 242 42 weeks 243 43 weeks 244 44 weeks 245 45 weeks 246 46 weeks 247 47 weeks 248 48 weeks 249 49 weeks 250 50 weeks 251 51 weeks 252 52 weeks 253 53 weeks 254 54 weeks 255 55 weeks 256 56 weeks 257 57 weeks 258 58 weeks 259 59 weeks 260 60 weeks 261 61 weeks 262 62 weeks 263 63 weeks 264 64 weeks 265 65 weeks 266 66 weeks 267 67 weeks 268 68 weeks 269 69 weeks 270 70 weeks 271 71 weeks 272 72 weeks 273 73 weeks 274 74 weeks 275 75 weeks 276 76 weeks 277 77 weeks 278 78 weeks 279 79 weeks 280 80 weeks 281 81 weeks 282 82 weeks 283 83 weeks 284 84 weeks 285 85 weeks 286 86 weeks 287 87 weeks 288 88 weeks 289 89 weeks 290 90 weeks 291 91 weeks 292 92 weeks 293 93 weeks 294 94 weeks 295 95 weeks 296 96 weeks 297 97 weeks 298 98 weeks 299 Weeks: Number missing 300 Months 301 301 Months: 1 302 2 months 303 3 months 304 4 months 305 5 months 306 6 months 307 7 months 308 8 months 309 9 months 310 10 months 311 11 months 312 12 months 313 13 months 314 14 months 315 15 months 316 16 months 317 17 months 318 18 months 319 19 months 320 20 months 321 21 months 322 22 months 323 23 months 324 24 months 325 25 months 326 26 months 327 27 months 328 28 months 329 29 months 330 30 months 331 31 months 332 32 months 333 33 months 334 34 months 335 35 months 336 36 months 337 37 months 338 38 months 339 39 months 340 40 months 341 41 months 342 42 months 343 43 months 344 44 months 345 45 months 346 46 months 347 47 months 348 48 months 349 49 months 350 50 months 351 51 months 352 52 months 353 53 months 354 54 months 355 55 months 356 56 months 357 57 months 358 58 months 359 59 months 360 60 months 361 61 months 362 62 months 363 63 months 364 64 months 365 65 months 366 66 months 367 67 months 368 68 months 369 69 months 370 70 months 371 71 months 372 72 months 373 73 months 374 74 months 375 75 months 376 76 months 377 77 months 378 78 months 379 79 months 380 80 months 381 81 months 382 82 months 383 83 months 384 84 months 385 85 months 386 86 months 387 87 months 388 88 months 389 89 months 390 90 months 391 91 months 392 92 months 393 93 months 394 94 months 395 95 months 396 96 months 397 97 months 398 98 months 399 Months: Number missing 400 Years 401 Years: 1 402 2 years 403 3 years 404 4 years 405 5 years 406 6 years 407 7 years 408 8 years 409 9 years 410 10 years 411 11 years 412 12 years 413 13 years 414 14 years 415 15 years 416 16 years 417 17 years 418 18 years 419 19 years 420 20 years 421 21 years 422 22 years 423 23 years 424 24 years 425 25 years 426 26 years 427 27 years 428 28 years 429 29 years 430 30 years 431 31 years 432 32 years 433 33 years 434 34 years 435 35 years 436 36 years 437 37 years 438 38 years 439 39 years 440 40 years 441 41 years 442 42 years 443 43 years 444 44 years 445 45 years 446 46 years 447 47 years 448 48 years 449 49+ years 499 Years: number missing 992 Currently pregnant 993 In menopause/had hysterectomy 994 Before last birth 995 Never menstruated 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) TIMEMENSTRUATE (V215) reports the time passed since the woman's last menstrual period, in days, weeks, months, or years. IPUMS Woman menstruated last 6 weeks Woman menstruated last 6 weeks Woman menstruated last 6 weeks Woman menstruated last 6 weeks Woman menstruated last 6 weeks 226) When did your last period start? DAYS: ___ 1 WEEKS: ___ 2 MONTHS: ___ 3 YEARS: ___ 4 IN MENOPAUSE 994 BEFORE LAST BIRTH 995 NEVER MENSTRUATED 996 No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) MENSTRUATE6WK (V216) indicates whether the woman menstruated in the 6 weeks prior to the interview, as calculated from TIMEMENSTRUATE (V215). IPUMS When in cycle thinks pregnancy is most likely When in cycle thinks pregnancy is most likely When in cycle thinks pregnancy is most likely When in cycle thinks pregnancy is most likely When in cycle thinks pregnancy is most likely 228) During which times of the month does a woman have the greatest chance of becoming pregnant? DURING HER PERIOD 1 RIGHT AFTER HER PERIOD HAS ENDED 2 IN THE MIDDLE OF THE CYCLE 3 JUST BEFORE HER PERIOD BEGINS 4 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 5 DON'T KNOW 8 1 During her period 2 After period ended 3 Middle of the cycle 4 Before period begins 5 At any time 6 Other/It depends 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) OVCYCLE (V217) suggests the woman's knowledge of the ovulatory cycle by reporting when she believes a woman has the greatest chance of becoming pregnant. IPUMS Total number of living children born to respondent Total number of living children born to respondent Total number of living children born to respondent Total number of living children born to respondent Total number of living children born to respondent 203) How many sons live with you? And how many daughters? IF NONE, ENTER '00'. SONS AT HOME: ___ DAUGHTERS AT HOME: ___ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 99 NIU (not in universe) CHEBALIVE (V218) reports the total number of children ever born to the respondent who are currently living. The number reported in CHEBALIVE (V218) is the sum of a series of variables reporting the total number of sons and daughters who are living at home and who are living away from home (V202 to V205 - SONSATHOME, DAUSATHOME, SONSAWAYHOME, and DAUSAWAYHOME). The related variable CHEB (V201) reports the total number of children ever born to the respondent, regardless of survival status. IPUMS Total number of living children including current pregnancy Total number of living children including current pregnancy Total number of living children including current pregnancy Total number of living children including current pregnancy Total number of living children including current pregnancy 203) How many sons live with you? And how many daughters? IF NONE, ENTER '00'. SONS AT HOME: ___ DAUGHTERS AT HOME: ___ 99 NIU (not in universe) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 19 19 18 18 CHSURVPLUSPG (V219) reports the woman's total number of living children, including her current pregnancy. CHSURVPLUSPG takes the value of CHEBALIVE (V218) and adds 1 if the respondent is pregnant. IPUMS Total number of living children, truncated at 6+ Total number of living children, truncated at 6+ Total number of living children, truncated at 6+ Total number of living children, truncated at 6+ Total number of living children, truncated at 6+ 203) How many sons live with you? And how many daughters? IF NONE, ENTER '00'. SONS AT HOME: ___ DAUGHTERS AT HOME: ___ 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6+ 9 NIU (not in universe) CHEBALIVETRUNC (V220) reports the woman's total number of living children (including current pregnancy), truncated at 6 or more children. This variable is a grouping of CHSURVPLUSPG (V219) truncated at 6+ children. IPUMS Interval between last birth and interview, in months Interval between last birth and interview, in months Interval between last birth and interview, in months Interval between last birth and interview, in months Interval between last birth and interview, in months 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 999 NIU (not in universe) For women who have ever given birth, LASTBIRTHTOINTMO (V222) reports the number of months between their last birth and the date of interview. IPUMS Completeness of information on date of conception, current pregnancy Completeness of information on date of conception, current pregnancy Completeness of information on date of conception, current pregnancy Completeness of information on date of conception, current pregnancy Completeness of information on date of conception, current pregnancy 224) How many months pregnant are you? MONTHS: ___ 1 Month- exact date 2 Date missing, imputed 9 NIU (not in universe) For pregnant women, CONCEPTDATEFLAG (V223) indicates the completeness of information relating to the date of conception of their current pregnancy. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, "This variable indicates whether the date of conception was exactly specified by the duration of the current pregnancy or the duration was imputed from other information." The related variable DURCURPREG reports the duration of the current pregnancy. IPUMS Flag for reported time since last menstrual period Flag for reported time since last menstrual period Flag for reported time since last menstrual period Flag for reported time since last menstrual period Flag for reported time since last menstrual period 00 No flag 01 Number GT interval since birth 02 Number plus amenorrhea GT interval 03 Number reported, but period not returned 04 Reported before last birth, but no birth 05 Reported before last birth, but period since 06 Reported never menstruated, but period returned 07 Reported time during pregnancy 08 Reported never menstruated but had kids 09 Reported period before last birth 99 NIU (not in universe) MENSTIMFLAG (V227) is a flag variable that indicates the type of problem, if any, found in editing responses on the time since the respondent's last menstrual period. Cases without a problem are coded 0. For time since last menstrual period, see TIMEMENSTRUATE (V215). IPUMS Computed time since last menstrual period Computed time since last menstrual period Computed time since last menstrual period Computed time since last menstrual period Computed time since last menstrual period 226) When did your last period start? DAYS: ___ 1 WEEKS: ___ 2 MONTHS: ___ 3 YEARS: ___ 4 IN MENOPAUSE 994 BEFORE LAST BIRTH 995 NEVER MENSTRUATED 996 000 No time difference 991 In menopause/had hysterectomy 992 Pregnant, not asked 993 In menopause 994 Before last birth 995 Never menstruated 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) TIMEMENSCALC (V226) reports the computed time since the respondent's last menstrual period. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, this variable is computed from the response for V215, with durations exceeding the interval since the last birth (V227 = 7,9) recoded to the response "Before last birth" (code 995) and inconsistent responses flagged on variable 227 (codes 1-6) recoded to 997. Restated in terms of IPUMS-DHS variables and variable labels, TIMEMENSCALC is computed from the response for TIMEMENSTRUATE (Time since woman's last menstrual period). Cases with durations exceeding the interval since the last birth, when MENSTIMFLAG (Flag for reported time since last menstrual period) has values for "Reported time during pregnancy" or "Reported period before last birth," are recoded as "Before last birth" in TIMEMENSCALC. Cases with inconsistent or implausible responses according to MENSTIMFLAG (for example, the woman reportedly never menstruated but she has given birth) are recoded to "Inconsistent" for TIMEMENSCALC. IPUMS Age of respondent at time of first birth Age of respondent at time of first birth Age of respondent at time of first birth Age of respondent at time of first birth Age of respondent at time of first birth 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 99 NIU (not in universe) 02 2 05 5 03 3 04 4 AGEAT1STBIRTH (V212) reports the age of the woman at the time of her first birth. This variable is calculated by using the century month code (CMC) of the date of the woman's first birth (DOB1STKIDCMC) and the CMC of the woman's date of birth (DOBCMC). IPUMS Total number of household members Total number of household members Total number of household members Total number of household members Total number of household members 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 HHMEMTOTAL (V136) reports the total number of members of the woman's household. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, HHMEMTOTAL is calculated by summing "the number of usual residents and the number of visitors who slept in the house the previous night that were listed in the household schedule." "Usual residents" of the household are identified by the RESIDENT variable. IPUMS Number of children under 5 in household Number of children under 5 in household Number of children under 5 in household Number of children under 5 in household Number of children under 5 in household 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 HHKIDLT5 (V137) reports the number of children age 5 and under who reside in the household. Visiting children are not included in the count. IPUMS Number of eligible women in household Number of eligible women in household Number of eligible women in household Number of eligible women in household Number of eligible women in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 36 36 36 99 No women age 15-49 HHELIGWOMEN (V138) reports the number of eligible women in the household, usually defined as women of childbearing age who slept in the household the previous night (regardless of whether they were usual residents or visitors). The age and marital status guidelines for defining eligible women varies across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Age of household head Age of household head Age of household head Age of household head Age of household head 98 Missing 97 97+ 96 96 95 95 94 94 93 93 92 92 91 91 90 90 89 89 88 88 87 87 86 86 85 85 84 84 83 83 82 82 81 81 80 80 79 79 78 78 77 77 76 76 75 75 74 74 73 73 72 72 71 71 70 70 69 69 68 68 67 67 66 66 65 65 64 64 63 63 62 62 61 61 60 60 59 59 58 58 57 57 56 56 55 55 54 54 53 53 52 52 51 51 50 50 49 49 48 48 47 47 46 46 45 45 44 44 43 43 42 42 41 41 40 40 39 39 38 38 37 37 36 36 35 35 34 34 33 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 HHEADAGE (V152) reports the age of the head of the household. IPUMS Age of household head (from HH record) Age of household head (from HH record) Age of household head (from HH record) Age of household head (from HH record) Age of household head (from HH record) 7) AGE: How old is (NAME)? NOTE '97' FOR 97 AND OLDER. AGE: ___ 98 Missing 96 Non-resident 95 95+ 94 94 93 93 92 92 91 91 90 90 89 89 88 88 87 87 86 86 85 85 84 84 83 83 82 82 81 81 80 80 79 79 78 78 77 77 76 76 75 75 74 74 73 73 72 72 71 71 70 70 69 69 68 68 67 67 66 66 65 65 64 64 63 63 62 62 61 61 60 60 59 59 58 58 57 57 56 56 55 55 54 54 53 53 52 52 51 51 50 50 49 49 48 48 47 47 46 46 45 45 44 44 43 43 42 42 41 41 40 40 39 39 38 38 37 37 36 36 35 35 34 34 33 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 99 NIU (not in universe) 01 1 97 Don't know HHEADAGEHH (HV220) reports the age of the head of the household. The information in HHEADAGEHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Sex of household head Sex of household head Sex of household head Sex of household head Sex of household head 8 Missing 2 Female 1 Male HHEADSEX (V151) reports the sex of the head of the household. IPUMS Sex of household head (from hh record) Sex of household head (from hh record) Sex of household head (from hh record) Sex of household head (from hh record) Sex of household head (from hh record) 6) SEX: Is (NAME) male or female? MALE 1 FEMALE 2 1 Male 2 Female 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HHEADSEXHH (HV219) reports the sex of the head of the household. The information in HHEADSEXHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Relationship structure in HH Relationship structure in HH Relationship structure in HH Relationship structure in HH Relationship structure in HH 1) NUMBER 8 Missing 6 Non-resident 5 Unrelated adults 4 Three plus related adults 3 Two adults, same sex 2 Two adults, opp sex 1 One adult No adults 9 NIU (not in universe) FAMSTRUCTR (HV217) indicates the relationship structure (no adults, one adult, two related adults of the opposite sex, two related adults of the same sex, three or more related adults, or unrelated adults) in the household. Only usual (de jure) household members aged 15 and over are considered in determining the household's relationship structure. FAMSTRUCTR is a constructed variable, based on information about each household member's age, sex, and relationship to the householder, which was collected when completing the listing of persons in the household at the time of the survey. The information in FAMSTRUCTR is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Number of rooms in HH used for sleeping Number of rooms in HH used for sleeping Number of rooms in HH used for sleeping Number of rooms in HH used for sleeping Number of rooms in HH used for sleeping 24) In your household, how many rooms do you use for sleeping? ROOMS: ___ 98 Missing 97 Don't know 35 35+ 34 34 33 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 01 1 00 96 Non-resident 99 NIU (not in universe) SLEEPROOMS (HV216) reports the number of rooms in the household used for sleeping. IPUMS Main material of floor Main material of floor Main material of floor Main material of floor Main material of floor 25) PRINCIPLE FLOORING MATERIAL. RECORD OBSERVATION. NATURAL FLOOR EARTH/SAND 11 FINISHED FLOOR PARQUET OR POLISHED WOOD 31 VINYL STRIPS 32 TILE 33 CEMENT 34 RUG 35 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 41 116 Mud and hay 999 NIU (not in universe) 391 Plaster 996 Non-resident 100 NATURAL 110 Earth-based 111 Earth, sand 112 Earth, mud 113 Earth, mud, clay 114 Sand 115 Dirt/Earth 120 Dung-based 121 Dung 122 Earth and dung 123 Mud, dung, sand 200 RUDIMENTARY 210 Wood 211 Wood planks 212 Wood and tile 213 Wood/palm/bamboo 220 Palm/bamboo 221 Palm/bamboo/leaves 230 Other rudimentary 231 Broken bricks 232 Adobe 233 Unfinished stone 300 FINISHED 310 Parquet/polished wood 311 Polished wood/vinyl/tiles 320 Vinyl/asphalt strips/linoleum 321 Linoleum 330 Tiles/mosaic 331 Ceramic tiles 332 Cement tiles 333 Ceramic/terrazo tiles 334 Ceramic/marble tiles 335 Tiles/brick 340 Cement/concrete 350 Carpet 360 Terrazzo 370 Stone 380 Bricks 390 Other finished 400 OTHER 997 Don't know 998 Missing 322 Vinyl 351 Mat FLOOR (HV213) reports the main material of the floor of the dwelling. Response categories vary widely across surveys but fall into broad groups (i.e., natural materials, rudimentary processed materials, and finished materials). See Comparability. IPUMS Main material of roof Main material of roof Main material of roof Main material of roof Main material of roof 26) MAIN ROOF MATERIAL. RECORD OBSERVATION. CONCRETE 01 SHEET METAL 02 BANCO [TRANSLATOR NOTE: A TYPE OF MUDBRICK OR ADOBE SPECIFIC TO WEST AFRICA] 03 STRAW 04 CANVAS 05 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 06 126 Mud and hay 118 Sticks/sticks with mud or dung 333 Reinforced brick cement 996 Non-resident 000 No roof 100 NATURAL 110 Thatch/palm leaf/grass/makuti 111 Thatch/palm leaf 112 Grass, thatch 113 Grass, thatch, makuti 114 Thatch 115 Thatch/mat/leaves 116 Leaves 117 Grass/leaves/mud 120 Earth 121 Mud 122 Dung, mud 123 Earth, mud 124 Sod 125 Sod/mud and grass mixture 130 Straw 200 RUDIMENTARY 210 Rustic mat 211 Rustic mat, plastic sheets 220 Plastic/polythene sheet 230 Palm/bamboo 231 Palm, bamboo, grass 232 Reed, bamboo 240 Wood planks 241 Wooden tiles, planks 242 Wood, mulch 250 Cardboard 260 Rudimentary - metal 261 Tin cans 262 Iron sheets 270 Other rudimentary 271 Mobile roofs of nomads 272 Skin 300 FINISHED 310 Metal 311 Metal, zinc 312 Corrugated metal sheet, asbestos 313 Corrugated iron 314 Tin 315 Asbetos 320 Wood 330 Cement/concrete 331 Cement 332 Concrete 340 Tiles 341 Ceramic tiles 342 Iron and tiles 343 Tiles/slate 344 Mud tiles 345 Ceramic tiles, harvey (steel) tiles 350 Cement fiber 351 Calamine/cement fiber 352 Asbestos, cement fiber 353 Zinc/cement fiber 360 Roofing shingles 370 Bricks 371 Unburnt bricks 372 Burnt brick 380 Stone 381 Loosely packed stone 382 Stone slabs 383 Slate 400 OTHER 998 Missing 273 Waste materials 999 NIU (not in universe) ROOF (HV215) reports the main material of the roof of the dwelling. Response categories vary widely across surveys but fall into broad groups (i.e., natural materials, rudimentary processed materials, and finished materials). See Comparability. IPUMS Has electricity Has electricity Has electricity Has electricity Has electricity 23 In your residence, do you have: Electricity? A radio? A television? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 8 Missing 1 Yes No 6 Non-resident ELECTRC (V119) indicates whether the household has electricity. Samples vary in how that information was collected. See Comparability. IPUMS Dwelling has electricity (from hh record) Dwelling has electricity (from hh record) Dwelling has electricity (from hh record) Dwelling has electricity (from hh record) Dwelling has electricity (from hh record) 23 In your residence, do you have: Electricity? A radio? A television? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ELECTRCHH (HV206) indicates whether the household has electricity. Samples vary in how that information was collected. The information in ELECTRCHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Type of toilet facility Type of toilet facility Type of toilet facility Type of toilet facility Type of toilet facility 22) What kind of toilet is there in your household? FLUSH TOILET OWN FLUSH TOILET 11 SHARED FLUSH TOILET 12 PUBLIC FLUSH TOILET 13 PIT TOILET OR LATRINE TRADITIONAL PIT TOILET 21 VENTILATED IMPROVED PIT (VIP) OR LATRINES 22 NO FACILITY/BRUSH/FIELD 31 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 41 3431 Pit latrine with ventilation pipe, no mesh 9996 Non-resident 0000 NO FACILITY 1000 FLUSH TOILET 1100 Unspecified type of flush toilet 1110 Own flush toilet (unspecified type) 1120 Shared flush toilet (unspecified type) 1200 Modern flush toilet 1210 Flush to piped sewer system 1300 Traditional with tank flush 1400 Bucket flush toilet 1410 Flush to pit latrine 1420 Flush to somewhere else 1430 Flush, don't know where 2000 NON-FLUSHING TOILET 2100 Composting toilet 2200 Dry toilet 2300 Ecosan toilet 3000 PIT TOILET LATRINE 3100 Unspecified type of pit latrine 3110 Own pit toilet or latrine (unspecified type) 3120 Shared pit toiletor latrine (unspecified type) 3121 Public pit toilet or latrine (unspecified type) 3200 Traditional pit toilet or latrine 3210 Pit latrine without slab or open pit 3300 Pit latrine with slab 3400 Ventilated improved pit latrine 3410 Covered pit latrine, no slab 3420 Covered pit latrine with slab 3430 Covered latrine 3440 Septic pit 4000 UNIMPROVED TOILET 4100 Bucket toilet 4200 River 4300 Hanging latrine over water source 5000 OTHER 9998 Missing 1112 Private flush toilet, outside residence 1211 Flush to piped sewer system, indoors 1212 Flush to piped sewer system, inside yard 1213 Flush to piped sewer system, out of yard 3310 Pit latrine with washable slab 3320 Pit latrine with non-washable slab 3490 Other improved system 3463 Latrine to piped public system, out of yard 3462 Latrine to piped public system, inside yard 3461 Latrine to piped public system, indoors 3443 Latrine to septic tank, out of yard 3442 Latrine to septic tank, inside yard 3441 Latrine to septic tank, indoors 3212 Open pit latrine, out of yard 3211 Open pit latrine, inside yard 1253 Flush to septic tank, out of yard 1252 Flush to septic tank, inside yard 1251 Flush to septic tank, indoors 1250 Flush to septic tank 1240 Flush, not to sewer 1233 Flush to ground water, out of yard 1232 Flush to ground water, inside yard 1231 Flush to ground water, indoors 3450 Latrine with manual flush 3460 Latrine to piped public system 9999 NIU (not in universe) 1230 Flush to pipe connected to ground water 1220 Flush to pipe connected to canal 1132 Public flush toilet, outside residence 1131 Public flush toilet, inside residence 1130 Public flush toilet (unspecified type) 1111 Private flush toilet, inside residence TOILETTYPE (HV205) reports the household's type of toilet facility, with no facility coded "0." Responses vary widely across surveys; see Comparability. The information in TOILETTYPE is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Major source of non-drinking water Major source of non-drinking water Major source of non-drinking water Major source of non-drinking water Major source of non-drinking water 18) Where does the water your household uses for hand and dishwashing come from? PIPED WATER PIPED INTO THE RESIDENCE/YARD/PLOT 11 (GO TO 20) PUBLIC TAP 12 WELL WATER WELL IN THE RESIDENCE/YARD/PLOT 21 (GO TO 20) PUBLIC WELL OR BOREHOLE 22 SURFACE WATER SPRING 31 RIVER OR STREAM 32 POND/LAKE 33 DAM 34 RAINWATER 41 (GO TO 20) WATER VENDOR 51 BOTTLED WATER 61 (GO TO 20) OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 71 9996 Non-resident 1000 PIPED WATER 1100 Piped into own dwelling/yard/plot 1110 Piped into own dwelling 1120 Piped into own yard/plot 1200 Piped outside own residence/plot 1210 Public tap/standpipe 1220 Piped into neighbor's dwelling/yard 2000 WELL WATER 2100 Unprotected/open well 2110 Open well in own dwelling/yard/plot 2111 Open well in own dwelling 2112 Open well in own yard/plot 2120 Open public well 2130 Open well in neighbor's residence 2200 Protected well 2210 Protected well in own dwelling/yard/plot 2211 Protected well in own dwelling 2212 Protected well in own yard/plot 2220 Protected public well 2230 Tube well or borehole 2231 Borehole in yard/plot 2232 Public borehole 2300 Unspecified well 2310 Unspecified well in residence/yard/plot 2311 Unspecified well in own dwelling 2312 Unspecified well in own yard/plot 2313 Handpump in yard/plot 2320 Unspecified public well 2321 Public shallow well 2322 Public traditional well 2323 Public handpump 2330 Unspecified neighbor's well 2340 Unspecified well by type 2341 Well with pump 2342 Well without pump 3000 SURFACE WATER 3100 Spring 3110 Protected spring 3120 Unprotected spring 3200 River/dam/lake/ponds/streams/canal/irrigation channel 3210 River, stream 3220 Pond, lake 3230 Dam 3240 Canal or river/canal 3250 Irrigation ditch 3260 Dugout pond 3300 Channeled by gravity flow scheme 4000 RAINWATER 4100 Rainwater collected in tank 5000 PURCHASED FROM SUPPLIER 5100 Tanker truck 5200 Cart with small tank 5300 Water vendor 5400 Bottled water 5410 Sachet water (in a bag) 6000 OTHER SOURCE 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) 5201 Motorcycle with 3 wheels NDRINKWTR (HV202) reports the household's main source of water for uses other than drinking (for example, cooking and washing). Responses vary widely across surveys; see Comparability. The information in NDRINKWTR is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Major source of drinking water Major source of drinking water Major source of drinking water Major source of drinking water Major source of drinking water 21) Where does the water your household uses for drinking come from? PIPED WATER PIPED INTO THE RESIDENCE/YARD/PLOT 11 PUBLIC TAP 12 WELL WATER WELL IN THE RESIDENCE/YARD/PLOT 21 PUBLIC WELL OR BOREHOLE 22 SURFACE WATER SPRING 31 RIVER OR STREAM 32 POND/LAKE 33 DAM 34 RAINWATER 41 WATER VENDOR 51 BOTTLED WATER 61 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 71 2213 Protected well in neighbor's residence/plot 9996 Non-resident 1000 PIPED WATER 1100 Piped into own dwelling/yard/plot 1110 Piped into own dwelling 1120 Piped into own yard/plot 1200 Piped outside own residence/plot 1210 Public tap/standpipe 1220 Piped into neighbor's dwelling/yard 2000 WELL WATER 2100 Unprotected/open well 2110 Open well in own dwelling/yard/plot 2111 Open well in own dwelling 2112 Open well in own yard/plot 2120 Open public well 2130 Open well in neighbor's residence 2200 Protected well 2210 Protected well in own dwelling/yard/plot 2211 Protected well in own dwelling 2212 Protected well in own yard/plot 2220 Protected public well 2230 Tube well or borehole 2231 Borehole in yard/plot 2232 Public borehole 2300 Unspecified well 2310 Unspecified well in residence/yard/plot 2311 Unspecified well in own dwelling 2312 Unspecified well in own yard/plot 2313 Handpump in yard/plot 2320 Unspecified public well 2321 Public shallow well 2322 Public traditional well 2323 Public handpump 2330 Unspecified neighbor's well 2340 Unspecified well by type 2341 Well with pump 2342 Well without pump 3000 SURFACE WATER 3100 Spring 3110 Protected spring/surface water 3120 Unprotected spring/surface water 3200 River/dam/lake/ponds/streams/canal/irrigation channel 3210 River, stream 3220 Pond, lake 3230 Dam 3240 Canal or river/canal 3250 Irrigation ditch 3260 Dugout pond 3300 Channeled by gravity flow scheme 4000 RAINWATER 4100 Rainwater collected in tank 5000 PURCHASED FROM SUPPLIER 5100 Tanker truck 5200 Cart with small tank 5300 Water vendor 5400 Bottled water 5410 Sachet water (in a bag) 6000 OTHER SOURCE 9998 Missing 1211 Public tap from filtration plant 1212 Public tap from stone pipes 5310 Water vendor from unknown source 5320 Water vendor from protected well 5330 Water vendor from unprotected well 5340 Water vendor from pond/lake 9999 NIU (not in universe) 5500 Community reverse osmosis plant 5201 Motorcycle with 3 wheels DRINKWTR (HV201) reports the household's main source of drinking water. Responses vary widely across surveys; see Comparability. The information in DRINKWTR is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Same water source used for drinking and other water Same water source used for drinking and other water Same water source used for drinking and other water Same water source used for drinking and other water Same water source used for drinking and other water 20) Does your household use water from the same source for drinking? YES 1 (GO TO 22) NO 2 8 Missing 1 Yes 6 Non-resident No SAMEH2OSRC (V142) indicates whether the household used the same source of water for drinking and for other uses (such as laundry and dishwashing). For samples without this variable, the information could be calculated by comparing the household's reported sources of drinking water and water for other uses. IPUMS Same water source used for drinking and other water (HH record) Same water source used for drinking and other water (HH record) Same water source used for drinking and other water (HH record) Same water source used for drinking and other water (HH record) Same water source used for drinking and other water (HH record) 20) Does your household use water from the same source for drinking? YES 1 (GO TO 22) NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) With information taken from the household record, SAMEH2OSRCHH (HV203) indicates whether the household used the same source of water for drinking and for other uses (such as laundry and dishwashing). For samples without this variable, the information could be calculated by comparing the household's reported sources of drinking water and water for other uses. The information in SAMEH2OSRCHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Time to water source (from individual respondent record) Time to water source (from individual respondent record) Time to water source (from individual respondent record) Time to water source (from individual respondent record) Time to water source (from individual respondent record) 19) How much time does it take to go there, get water, and come back? MINUTES: ___ ON LOCATION 996 000 0 (on premises) 001 1 002 2 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 035 35 036 36 037 37 038 38 039 39 040 40 041 41 042 42 043 43 044 44 045 45 046 46 047 47 048 48 049 49 050 50 051 51 052 52 053 53 054 54 055 55 056 56 057 57 058 58 059 59 060 60 061 61 062 62 063 63 064 64 065 65 066 66 067 67 068 68 069 69 070 70 071 71 072 72 073 73 074 74 075 75 076 76 077 77 078 78 079 79 080 80 081 81 082 82 083 83 084 84 085 85 086 86 087 87 088 88 089 89 090 90 091 91 092 92 093 93 094 94 095 95 096 96 097 97 098 98 099 99 100 100 101 101 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 107 107 108 108 109 109 110 110 111 111 112 112 113 113 114 114 115 115 116 116 117 117 118 118 119 119 120 120 121 121 122 122 123 123 124 124 125 125 126 126 127 127 128 128 129 129 130 130 131 131 132 132 133 133 134 134 135 135 136 136 137 137 138 138 139 139 140 140 141 141 142 142 143 143 144 144 145 145 146 146 147 147 148 148 149 149 150 150 151 151 152 152 153 153 154 154 155 155 156 156 157 157 158 158 159 159 160 160 161 161 162 162 163 163 164 164 165 165 166 166 167 167 168 168 169 169 170 170 171 171 172 172 173 173 174 174 175 175 176 176 177 177 178 178 179 179 180 180 181 181 182 182 183 183 184 184 185 185 186 186 187 187 188 188 189 189 190 190 191 191 192 192 193 193 194 194 195 195 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 200 200 201 201 202 202 203 203 204 204 205 205 206 206 207 207 208 208 209 209 210 210 211 211 212 212 213 213 214 214 215 215 216 216 217 217 218 218 219 219 220 220 221 221 222 222 223 223 224 224 225 225 226 226 227 227 228 228 229 229 230 230 231 231 232 232 233 233 234 234 235 235 236 236 237 237 238 238 239 239 240 240 241 241 242 242 243 243 244 244 245 245 246 246 247 247 248 248 249 249 250 250 251 251 252 252 253 253 254 254 255 255 256 256 257 257 258 258 259 259 260 260 261 261 262 262 263 263 264 264 265 265 266 266 267 267 268 268 269 269 270 270 271 271 272 272 273 273 274 274 275 275 276 276 277 277 278 278 279 279 280 280 281 281 282 282 283 283 284 284 285 285 286 286 287 287 288 288 289 289 290 290 291 291 292 292 293 293 294 294 295 295 296 296 297 297 298 298 299 299 300 300 301 301 302 302 303 303 304 304 305 305 306 306 307 307 308 308 309 309 310 310 311 311 312 312 313 313 314 314 315 315 316 316 317 317 318 318 319 319 320 320 321 321 322 322 323 323 324 324 325 325 326 326 327 327 328 328 329 329 330 330 331 331 332 332 333 333 334 334 335 335 336 336 337 337 338 338 339 339 340 340 341 341 342 342 343 343 344 344 345 345 346 346 347 347 348 348 349 349 350 350 351 351 352 352 353 353 354 354 355 355 356 356 357 357 358 358 359 359 360 360+ 994 One day or longer 995 On premises 996 Non-resident 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) TIMETOWTRIND (V115) reports the amount of time, in minutes, to get to the household's major source of water, top-coded at 360+ minutes. This information is taken from the individual woman's record. The complementary variable TIMETOWTRHH (HV204) reports the same information, taken from the household record. IPUMS Time to reach water source and return, in minutes (from HH record) Time to reach water source and return, in minutes (from HH record) Time to reach water source and return, in minutes (from HH record) Time to reach water source and return, in minutes (from HH record) Time to reach water source and return, in minutes (from HH record) 19) How much time does it take to go there, get water, and come back? MINUTES: ___ ON LOCATION 996 000 001 1 002 2 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 035 35 036 36 037 37 038 38 039 39 040 40 041 41 042 42 043 43 044 44 045 45 046 46 047 47 048 48 049 49 050 50 051 51 052 52 053 53 054 54 055 55 056 56 057 57 058 58 059 59 060 60 061 61 062 62 063 63 064 64 065 65 066 66 067 67 068 68 069 69 070 70 071 71 072 72 073 73 074 74 075 75 076 76 077 77 078 78 079 79 080 80 081 81 082 82 083 83 084 84 085 85 086 86 087 87 088 88 089 89 090 90 091 91 092 92 093 93 094 94 095 95 096 96 097 97 098 98 099 99 100 100 101 101 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 107 107 108 108 109 109 110 110 111 111 112 112 113 113 114 114 115 115 116 116 117 117 118 118 119 119 120 120 121 121 122 122 123 123 124 124 125 125 126 126 127 127 128 128 129 129 130 130 131 131 132 132 133 133 134 134 135 135 136 136 137 137 138 138 139 139 140 140 141 141 142 142 143 143 144 144 145 145 146 146 147 147 148 148 149 149 150 150 151 151 152 152 153 153 154 154 155 155 156 156 157 157 158 158 159 159 160 160 161 161 162 162 163 163 164 164 165 165 166 166 167 167 168 168 169 169 170 170 171 171 172 172 173 173 174 174 175 175 176 176 177 177 178 178 179 179 180 180 181 181 182 182 183 183 184 184 185 185 186 186 187 187 188 188 189 189 190 190 191 191 192 192 193 193 194 194 195 195 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 200 200 201 201 202 202 203 203 204 204 205 205 206 206 207 207 208 208 209 209 210 210 211 211 212 212 213 213 214 214 215 215 216 216 217 217 218 218 219 219 220 220 221 221 222 222 223 223 224 224 225 225 226 226 227 227 228 228 229 229 230 230 231 231 232 232 233 233 234 234 235 235 236 236 237 237 238 238 239 239 240 240 241 241 242 242 243 243 244 244 245 245 246 246 247 247 248 248 249 249 250 250 251 251 252 252 253 253 254 254 255 255 256 256 257 257 258 258 259 259 260 260 261 261 262 262 263 263 264 264 265 265 266 266 267 267 268 268 269 269 270 270 271 271 272 272 273 273 274 274 275 275 276 276 277 277 278 278 279 279 280 280 281 281 282 282 283 283 284 284 285 285 286 286 287 287 288 288 289 289 290 290 291 291 292 292 293 293 294 294 295 295 296 296 297 297 298 298 299 299 300 300 301 301 302 302 303 303 304 304 305 305 306 306 307 307 308 308 309 309 310 310 311 311 312 312 313 313 314 314 315 315 316 316 317 317 318 318 319 319 320 320 321 321 322 322 323 323 324 324 325 325 326 326 327 327 328 328 329 329 330 330 331 331 332 332 333 333 334 334 335 335 336 336 337 337 338 338 339 339 340 340 341 341 342 342 343 343 344 344 345 345 346 346 347 347 348 348 349 349 350 350 351 351 352 352 353 353 354 354 355 355 356 356 357 357 358 358 359 359 360 360+ 995 On premises 996 Non-resident 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) TIMETOWTRHH (HV204) reports the time in minutes it takes members of the household to get to their main source of water and return to their dwelling. In IPUMS-DHS, this variable is top-coded at 360 minutes or more (6 hours or longer). The information in TIMETOWTRHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has bicycle HH has bicycle HH has bicycle HH has bicycle HH has bicycle 27) Is there someone in your household who owns: A bicycle? A scooter or motorcycle? A car? A cart? BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 SCOOTER/MOTORCYCLE YES 1 NO 2 CAR YES 1 NO 2 CART YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing BIKE (V123) indicates whether any member of the household has a bicycle. IPUMS HH has bicycle (from HH record) HH has bicycle (from HH record) HH has bicycle (from HH record) HH has bicycle (from HH record) HH has bicycle (from HH record) 27) Is there someone in your household who owns: A bicycle? A scooter or motorcycle? A car? A cart? BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 SCOOTER/MOTORCYCLE YES 1 NO 2 CAR YES 1 NO 2 CART YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) BIKEHH (HV210) indicates whether any member of the household has a bicycle. The information in BIKEHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has car/truck HH has car/truck HH has car/truck HH has car/truck HH has car/truck 27) Is there someone in your household who owns: A bicycle? A scooter or motorcycle? A car? A cart? BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 SCOOTER/MOTORCYCLE YES 1 NO 2 CAR YES 1 NO 2 CART YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown CAR (V125) indicates whether any member of the household owns a car or truck (or other motor vehicle). The specific type of motor vehicle mentioned varies across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS HH has car/truck (from HH record) HH has car/truck (from HH record) HH has car/truck (from HH record) HH has car/truck (from HH record) HH has car/truck (from HH record) 27) Is there someone in your household who owns: A bicycle? A scooter or motorcycle? A car? A cart? BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 SCOOTER/MOTORCYCLE YES 1 NO 2 CAR YES 1 NO 2 CART YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) CARHH (HV212) indicates whether any member of the household owns a car or truck (or other motor vehicle). The specific type of motor vehicle mentioned varies across samples. See Comparability. The information in CARHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has motorcycle/scooter HH has motorcycle/scooter HH has motorcycle/scooter HH has motorcycle/scooter HH has motorcycle/scooter 27) Is there someone in your household who owns: A bicycle? A scooter or motorcycle? A car? A cart? BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 SCOOTER/MOTORCYCLE YES 1 NO 2 CAR YES 1 NO 2 CART YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown MOTORCYCL (V124) indicates whether any member of the household owns a motorcycle or scooter. IPUMS HH has motorcycle/scooter (from HH record) HH has motorcycle/scooter (from HH record) HH has motorcycle/scooter (from HH record) HH has motorcycle/scooter (from HH record) HH has motorcycle/scooter (from HH record) 27) Is there someone in your household who owns: A bicycle? A scooter or motorcycle? A car? A cart? BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 SCOOTER/MOTORCYCLE YES 1 NO 2 CAR YES 1 NO 2 CART YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) MOTORCYCLHH (HV211) indicates whether any member of the household owns a motorcycle or scooter. The information in MOTORCYCLHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has refrigerator HH has refrigerator HH has refrigerator HH has refrigerator HH has refrigerator 23 In your residence, do you have: Electricity? A radio? A television? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown FRIDGE (V122) indicates whether the household has a refrigerator. Some samples specified that the refrigerator must be working or must be owned by the household. See comparability. IPUMS HH has refrigerator (from HH record) HH has refrigerator (from HH record) HH has refrigerator (from HH record) HH has refrigerator (from HH record) HH has refrigerator (from HH record) 23 In your residence, do you have: Electricity? A radio? A television? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) FRIDGEHH (HV209) indicates whether the household has a refrigerator. Some samples specified that the refrigerator must be working or owned by the household. See Comparability. The information in FRIDGEHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has radio HH has radio HH has radio HH has radio HH has radio 23 In your residence, do you have: Electricity? A radio? A television? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 8 Unknown 1 Yes No 6 Non-resident RADIO (V120) indicates whether the household has a radio. Some samples specified that the radio must be working or fit other specifications. See Comparability. IPUMS HH has radio (from HH record) HH has radio (from HH record) HH has radio (from HH record) HH has radio (from HH record) HH has radio (from HH record) 23 In your residence, do you have: Electricity? A radio? A television? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) RADIOHH (HV207) indicates whether any member of the household owns a radio. Some samples specified that the radio must be working or fit other specifications. See Comparability. The information in RADIOHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has television HH has television HH has television HH has television HH has television 23 In your residence, do you have: Electricity? A radio? A television? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown TELEVISION (V121) indicates whether the household has a television. Some samples specified that the TV must be in working order. See Comparability. IPUMS HH has television (from HH record) HH has television (from HH record) HH has television (from HH record) HH has television (from HH record) HH has television (from HH record) 23 In your residence, do you have: Electricity? A radio? A television? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) TVHH (HV208) indicates whether any member of the household has a television. Some samples specified that the TV must be in working order. See Comparability. The information in TVHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has animal-drawn cart HH has animal-drawn cart HH has animal-drawn cart HH has animal-drawn cart HH has animal-drawn cart 27) Is there someone in your household who owns: A bicycle? A scooter or motorcycle? A car? A cart? BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 SCOOTER/MOTORCYCLE YES 1 NO 2 CAR YES 1 NO 2 CART YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) DRAWNCART indicates whether a household member owned an animal-drawn cart. Question wording varied across samples; see Comparability. The information in DRAWNCART is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Currently working Currently working Currently working Currently working Currently working 708) Aside from your own housework, are you currently working? YES 1 (GO TO 710) NO 2 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneous 12 Yes, prompted 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) CURRWORK (V714) indicates whether the woman is currently working at a job or business. To distinguish employment from household labor, many surveys included a preface such as the following: "As you know, some women take up jobs for which they are paid in cash or in kind. Others sell things, have a small business or work on the family farm or in the family business." Women who have worked outside of their own housework in the last 12 months and been paid in cash, cash and in-kind, or only in-kind payments are included as working, although the survey questions vary in who receives an affirmative response. See Comparability. IPUMS Woman's occupation Woman's occupation Woman's occupation Woman's occupation Woman's occupation 710) What is your main occupation, that is, what kind of work do you do? ____ 00 Not currently working 10 Professional, technical, or managerial worker 20 Clerical or Sales 21 Clerical worker 22 Sales worker 30 Agricultural 31 Self-employed agricultural worker 32 Agricultural employee 40 Household, domestic, and services 41 Household and domestic worker 42 Services worker 50 Skilled and unskilled manual 51 Skilled manual worker 52 Unskilled manual worker 60 Armed forces 96 Other 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) WKCURRJOB (V717) reports the occupation of the respondent in somewhat standardized categories. The categories included, and the degree of detail within broad categories (e.g., self-employed versus employee in agriculture, or simply agriculture), vary across samples. IPUMS-DHS employs composite coding to maximize comparability across samples (using the first digit of the codes to indicate broad job categories) without loss of detailed information (preserved in the second digit). The category "agriculture" includes fishermen, foresters, breeders, and hunters as well as farmers. IPUMS Respondent's current type of employment. Respondent's current type of employment. Respondent's current type of employment. Respondent's current type of employment. Respondent's current type of employment. 711) In your work, do you work for a family member, for someone else, or are you self-employed? FOR FAMILY MEMBER 1 FOR SOMEONE ELSE 2 SELF-EMPLOYED 3 8 Missing Did not work 1 Paid employee, away 2 Paid employee, home 3 Self-employed, away 4 Self-employed, home 5 Unpaid worker, away 6 Unpaid worker, home WKCURRTYPE (V718) indicates the woman's current type of employment, along the two dimensions of class of worker (paid, self-employed, unpaid) and location (at home or away). IPUMS Whom the respondent works for Whom the respondent works for Whom the respondent works for Whom the respondent works for Whom the respondent works for 711) In your work, do you work for a family member, for someone else, or are you self-employed? FOR FAMILY MEMBER 1 FOR SOMEONE ELSE 2 SELF-EMPLOYED 3 24 For someone else 23 For someone else (unpaid) 10 Works for self 11 Self-employed 12 Employer 20 Works for someone else 21 For family member (unpaid) 22 For family member 30 Works for self and someone else 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 40 Other WHOWORKFOR (V719) indicates whether the respondent works for a family member, for someone else, or is self-employed. IPUMS Woman earns cash for work Woman earns cash for work Woman earns cash for work Woman earns cash for work Woman earns cash for work 712) Do you earn money for this work? PROBE: Do you make money for working? YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) WKEARNCASH (V720) indicates whether the woman earns cash for her work. IPUMS Woman works at home or away from home Woman works at home or away from home Woman works at home or away from home Woman works at home or away from home Woman works at home or away from home 713) Do you do this work at home or away from home? HOME 1 AWAY 2 1 At home 2 Away 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) WKHOMEAWAY (V721) indicates whether the respondent currently works at home or away from home. IPUMS Child with woman while working Child with woman while working Child with woman while working Child with woman while working Child with woman while working 715) While you are working, do you usually have (NAME OF YOUNGEST CHILD AT HOME) with you, sometimes with you, or never with you? USUALLY 1 (GO TO 801) SOMETIMES 2 NEVER 3 10 Child usually with respondent 20 Child sometimes with respondent 21 Child rarely with respondent 30 Child never with respondent 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently working and who have a young child living at home, WKKIDWITH (V722) reports how often the woman has her child with her while she is working. IPUMS Who cares for youngest child while woman works Who cares for youngest child while woman works Who cares for youngest child while woman works Who cares for youngest child while woman works Who cares for youngest child while woman works 716) Who usually takes care of (NAME OF YOUNGEST CHILD AT HOME) while you are working? HUSBAND/PARTNER 01 OLDER CHILD(REN) 02 OTHER RELATIVES 03 NEIGHBORS 04 FRIENDS 05 SERVANT/HIRED HELP 06 CHILD IS IN SCHOOL 07 INSTITUTIONAL CHILDCARE 08 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 09 00 Respondent 01 Husband /partner 02 Other child 03 Other relatives 04 Neighbors 05 Friends 06 Servants /hired help 07 Child is in school 08 Institutional care 09 Child's grandparents 10 Other female child 11 Other male child 95 Not worked since birth 96 Other 97 Don't know 98 Missing For women who are currently working and who have a young child living at home, WKKIDCARE (V723) reports who usually cares for the youngest child while the woman is working. IPUMS Partner's occupation Partner's occupation Partner's occupation Partner's occupation Partner's occupation 705) What kind of work does (did) your (last) husband mainly do? ____ 10 Did not work 11 Not working, student or applicant 12 Unemployed 13 Student 20 Prof., Tech., Manag. 30 Clerical or Sales 31 Clerical 32 Sales 40 Agricultural, breeding, fishing, forest 41 Agriculture, self-employed 42 Agriculture, employee 50 Household, domestic, and services 51 Household and domestic 52 Services 60 Skilled and unskilled manual 61 Skilled manual 62 Unskilled manual 70 Other 71 Army 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) HUSJOB (V705) reports the occupation of the woman's husband/partner in somewhat standardized categories. The categories included, and the degree of detail within broad categories (e.g., self-employed versus employee in agriculture, or simply agriculture), vary across samples. IPUMS-DHS employs composite coding to maximize comparability across samples (using the first digit of the codes to indicate broader job categories) without loss of detailed information (preserved in the second digit). The category "agriculture" includes fishermen, foresters, breeders, and hunters as well as farmers. IPUMS Type of land where partner works Type of land where partner works Type of land where partner works Type of land where partner works Type of land where partner works 707) (Does/did) your husband/partner work mainly on his own land or family land or someone else's land? HIS/FAMILY LAND 1 RENTED LAND 2 SOMEONE ELSE'S LAND 3 10 Own/family land 11 Own land 12 Family land 20 Someone else's land 30 Rented land 40 Other responses 41 Public land/govt allocation 42 Communal land/shifting cultivation 43 Sharecropper 44 Other, unspecified 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently married and whose husband or partner works in agriculture, WKHUSLAND (V707) reports the type of land where he works. IPUMS Reported literacy Reported literacy Reported literacy Reported literacy Reported literacy 111) Do you know how to read and understand a letter or a newspaper easily, with difficulty, or not at all? EASILY 1 WITH DIFFICULTY 2 NOT AT ALL 3 (GO TO 113) 00 Cannot read 10 Reads 11 Reads with difficulty 12 Reads easily 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) LIT1 (V108) indicates whether the woman could read. This information was obtained in response to the question, "Can you read a letter or newspaper easily, with difficulty, or not at all?" In many countries, persons with secondary or higher levels of schooling were presumed to "read easily," but coding criteria varied across countries. Simply asking women whether and how easily they could read was the approach used to determine literacy in DHS Phases 1-3. Beginning in Phase 4, a different approach was employed to determine literacy. See LIT2 (V155) for details about that second approach, which involved having the respondent read a sentence aloud. See LITBRIG for information about using the data on literacy across all phases of the DHS. IPUMS Literacy bridging variable Literacy bridging variable Literacy bridging variable Literacy bridging variable Literacy bridging variable 111) Do you know how to read and understand a letter or a newspaper easily, with difficulty, or not at all? EASILY 1 WITH DIFFICULTY 2 NOT AT ALL 3 (GO TO 113) 10 Yes, reads 11 Reads easily/whole sentence 12 Reads with difficulty/part of sentence 20 No, cannot read 30 Not ascertained (blind or diff. language) 31 No card with required language 32 Blind or visually impaired 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) LITBRIG serves as a bridging variable between two approaches to collecting information on literacy. Initially, respondents were asked, "Can you read a letter or newspaper easily, with difficulty, or not at all?" In many countries, persons with secondary or higher levels of schooling were presumed to "read easily," but coding criteria varied across countries. Beginning with Phase 4 of the DHS, persons with less than secondary school education were asked to demonstrate their literacy level by reading aloud a sentence on a card and were classified as "cannot read at all," "able to read only parts of sentence," and "able to read whole sentence." As before, those with secondary or higher schooling were presumed to have attained the highest literacy level. LITBRIG combines information from the first approach of asking about literacy (in LIT1 [V108]) and the second approach of testing literacy based on reading a sentence aloud (in LIT2 [V155]). See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Highest educational level Highest educational level Highest educational level Highest educational level Highest educational level 108) What is the highest level of education that you have attained: primary, first cycle of secondary, second cycle of secondary, or higher? PRIMARY 1 FIRST CYCLE OF SECONDARY 2 SECOND CYCLE OF SECONDARY 3 HIGHER 4 No education 1 Primary 2 Secondary 3 Higher 8 Missing For women who ever went to school, EDUCLVL (V106) reports the highest level of school they attended. Countries vary in the gradations of their school systems, but EDUCLVL is a standardized variable reporting level of education in four broad categories: No education, Primary, Secondary, and Higher. The DHS recode manuals state, "In some countries the educational system does not fit naturally within this scheme, and a different categorization was used for the Final Report. In this case, this variable is constructed as accurately as possible from the country's own scheme, and the variable used for the Final Report is included as a country-specific variable." IPUMS Highest year of education in level Highest year of education in level Highest year of education in level Highest year of education in level Highest year of education in level 109) What was the last grade you completed at this level? GRADES FOR PRIMARY INTRODUCTORY COURSE 1 PREPARATORY COURSE 2 ELEMENTARY COURSE 1 3 ELEMENTARY COURSE 2 4 MID-LEVEL COURSE 1 5 MID-LEVEL COURSE 2 6 GRADES FOR SECONDARY, FIRST CYCLE 6TH 1 5TH 2 4TH 3 3RD 4 DON'T KNOW 8 GRADES FOR SECONDARY, SECOND 2ND 1 1ST 2 FINAL YEAR 3 DON'T KNOW 8 GRADES FOR HIGHER LEVEL FIRST YEAR 1 SECOND YEAR 2 THIRD YEAR 3 FOURTH YEAR AND HIGHER 4 DON'T KNOW 8 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who ever attended school, YRSCHL (V107) reports the number of years of education completed at the highest level of schooling achieved (primary, secondary, or higher), as reported in EDUCLVL (V106). See Comparability. For the woman's total years of education, see EDYRTOTAL (V133). IPUMS Total years education Total years education Total years education Total years education Total years education 109) What was the last grade you completed at this level? GRADES FOR PRIMARY INTRODUCTORY COURSE 1 PREPARATORY COURSE 2 ELEMENTARY COURSE 1 3 ELEMENTARY COURSE 2 4 MID-LEVEL COURSE 1 5 MID-LEVEL COURSE 2 6 GRADES FOR SECONDARY, FIRST CYCLE 6TH 1 5TH 2 4TH 3 3RD 4 DON'T KNOW 8 GRADES FOR SECONDARY, SECOND 2ND 1 1ST 2 FINAL YEAR 3 DON'T KNOW 8 GRADES FOR HIGHER LEVEL FIRST YEAR 1 SECOND YEAR 2 THIRD YEAR 3 FOURTH YEAR AND HIGHER 4 DON'T KNOW 8 98 Missing 97 Don't know 26 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 01 1 00 96 Inconsistent 27 27 EDYRTOTAL (V133) reports the woman's education level in single years. This variable is constructed from responses to EDUCLVL (V106) and YRSCHL (V107) as follows: If EDUCLVL = "No education," EDYRTOTAL = "0" If EDUCLVL = "Primary," EDYRTOTAL = YRSCHL If EDUCLVL = "Secondary," EDYRTOTAL = YRSCHL + x If EDUCLVL = "Higher," EDYRTOTAL = YRSCHL + y If EDUCLVL = "Missing," EDYRTOTAL = "Missing" In the above equations, "x" equals the number of years needed to complete primary education, and "y" equals the number of years needed to complete primary and secondary education. The values of "x" and "y" are country-specific. IPUMS Summary educational achievement Summary educational achievement Summary educational achievement Summary educational achievement Summary educational achievement 109) What was the last grade you completed at this level? GRADES FOR PRIMARY INTRODUCTORY COURSE 1 PREPARATORY COURSE 2 ELEMENTARY COURSE 1 3 ELEMENTARY COURSE 2 4 MID-LEVEL COURSE 1 5 MID-LEVEL COURSE 2 6 GRADES FOR SECONDARY, FIRST CYCLE 6TH 1 5TH 2 4TH 3 3RD 4 DON'T KNOW 8 GRADES FOR SECONDARY, SECOND 2ND 1 1ST 2 FINAL YEAR 3 DON'T KNOW 8 GRADES FOR HIGHER LEVEL FIRST YEAR 1 SECOND YEAR 2 THIRD YEAR 3 FOURTH YEAR AND HIGHER 4 DON'T KNOW 8 No education 1 Incomplete primary 2 Complete primary 3 Incomplete secondary 4 Complete secondary 5 Higher 8 Missing EDACHIEVER (V149) is a summary variable that reports the woman's highest level of education in broad categories. Countries vary in the gradations of their school systems, but EDACHIEVER is a standardized variable providing the level of education in six categories: No education, Incomplete primary, Complete primary, Incomplete secondary, Complete secondary, and Higher. EDACHIEVER is constructed from information contained in EDUCLVL (V106) and YRSCHL (V107). IPUMS Woman still in school Woman still in school Woman still in school Woman still in school Woman still in school 10) IF UNDER 25 YEARS OLD: Does (NAME) still go to school? YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) INSCHOOL (V148) indicates whether young women are currently attending school or university. Women age 24 or older are assumed to no longer be in school and automatically coded as "No" (code "0"). IPUMS Partner's educational level Partner's educational level Partner's educational level Partner's educational level Partner's educational level 703) What is the highest level of school that he reached: primary, post-primary, secondary, or higher? PRIMARY 1 SECONDARY, FIRST CYCLE 2 SECONDARY, SECOND CYCLE 3 HIGHER 4 DON'T KNOW 8 (GO TO 705) No education 1 Primary 2 Secondary 3 Higher 4 Other 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who had ever been married or lived with a man, HUSEDLVL (V701) reports the highest level of school attended by their most recent husband/partner. Countries vary in the gradations of their school systems, but HUSEDLVL is a standardized variable reporting the level of education in four categories: No education, Primary, Secondary, and Higher. The DHS recode manuals state, "In some countries the educational system does not fit naturally within this scheme, and a different categorization was used for the Final Report. In this case, this variable is constructed as accurately as possible from the country's own scheme, and the variable used for the Final Report is included as a country-specific variable." IPUMS Partner's highest year of education in level Partner's highest year of education in level Partner's highest year of education in level Partner's highest year of education in level Partner's highest year of education in level 704) What was the last (grade, year) that he completed at that level? GRADE: ___ DON'T KNOW 8 CLASSES FOR PRIMARY LEVEL INTRODUCTORY COURSE 1 PREPARATORY COURSE 2 ELEMENTARY COURSE 1 3 ELEMENTARY COURSE 2 4 MID-LEVEL COURSE 1 5 MID-LEVEL COURSE 2 6 CLASSES FOR SECONDARY, FIRST CYCLE LEVEL 6TH 1 5TH 2 4TH 3 3RD 4 DON'T KNOW 8 CLASSES FOR SECONDARY, SECOND CYCLE LEVEL 2ND 1 1ST 2 FINAL YEAR 3 DON'T KNOW 8 CLASSES FOR HIGHER LEVEL FIRST YEAR 1 SECOND YEAR 2 THIRD YEAR 3 FOURTH YEAR AND HIGHER 4 DON'T KNOW 8 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 95 Other 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women whose most recent husband/partner had ever attended school, HUSEDYR (V702) reports the number of years of schooling completed by their husband/partner at the educational level (primary, secondary, or higher) reported in HUSEDLVL (V701). For the husband's total years of education, see HUSEDYRS (V715). IPUMS Partner's education in total years schooling Partner's education in total years schooling Partner's education in total years schooling Partner's education in total years schooling Partner's education in total years schooling 704) What was the last (grade, year) that he completed at that level? GRADE: ___ DON'T KNOW 8 CLASSES FOR PRIMARY LEVEL INTRODUCTORY COURSE 1 PREPARATORY COURSE 2 ELEMENTARY COURSE 1 3 ELEMENTARY COURSE 2 4 MID-LEVEL COURSE 1 5 MID-LEVEL COURSE 2 6 CLASSES FOR SECONDARY, FIRST CYCLE LEVEL 6TH 1 5TH 2 4TH 3 3RD 4 DON'T KNOW 8 CLASSES FOR SECONDARY, SECOND CYCLE LEVEL 2ND 1 1ST 2 FINAL YEAR 3 DON'T KNOW 8 CLASSES FOR HIGHER LEVEL FIRST YEAR 1 SECOND YEAR 2 THIRD YEAR 3 FOURTH YEAR AND HIGHER 4 DON'T KNOW 8 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 95 Other 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who had ever been married or lived with a man, HUSEDYRS (V715) reports the education of the woman's most recent husband/partner in single years. This variable is constructed from responses to HUSEDLVL (V701) and HUSEDYR (V702) as follows: If HUSEDLVL = "No education," HUSEDYRS = "0" If HUSEDLVL = "Primary," HUSEDYRS = HUSEDYR If HUSEDLVL = "Secondary," HUSEDYRS = HUSEDYR + x If HUSEDLVL = "Higher," HUSEDYRS = HUSEDYR + y If HUSEDLVL = "Missing," HUSEDYRS = "Missing" In the above equations, "x" equals the number of years needed to complete primary education, and "y" equals the number of years needed to complete primary and secondary education. The values of "x" and "y" are country-specific. IPUMS Husband's summary educational achievement Husband's summary educational achievement Husband's summary educational achievement Husband's summary educational achievement Husband's summary educational achievement 704) What was the last (grade, year) that he completed at that level? GRADE: ___ DON'T KNOW 8 CLASSES FOR PRIMARY LEVEL INTRODUCTORY COURSE 1 PREPARATORY COURSE 2 ELEMENTARY COURSE 1 3 ELEMENTARY COURSE 2 4 MID-LEVEL COURSE 1 5 MID-LEVEL COURSE 2 6 CLASSES FOR SECONDARY, FIRST CYCLE LEVEL 6TH 1 5TH 2 4TH 3 3RD 4 DON'T KNOW 8 CLASSES FOR SECONDARY, SECOND CYCLE LEVEL 2ND 1 1ST 2 FINAL YEAR 3 DON'T KNOW 8 CLASSES FOR HIGHER LEVEL FIRST YEAR 1 SECOND YEAR 2 THIRD YEAR 3 FOURTH YEAR AND HIGHER 4 DON'T KNOW 8 No education 1 Incomplete primary 2 Complete primary 3 Incomplete secondary 4 Complete secondary 5 Higher 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HUSEDACHIEVER (V729) is a summary variable that reports the highest level of education in broad categories for the woman's husband/partner. Countries vary in the gradations of their school systems, but HUSEDACHIEVER is a standardized variable providing the level of education in six categories: No education, Incomplete primary, Complete primary, Incomplete secondary, Complete secondary, and Higher. HUSEDACHIEVER is constructed from information contained in the HUSEDLVL (V701) and HUSEDYR (V702) variables. IPUMS Reads newspaper once a week Reads newspaper once a week Reads newspaper once a week Reads newspaper once a week Reads newspaper once a week 112) Do you read a journal or magazine practically at least once a week? YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) NEWSWK (V109) indicates whether the woman usually reads a newspaper or magazine at least once a week. For a comparable variable reporting the frequency of newspaper or magazine reading, see NEWSFQ (V157). For a variable bridging NEWSWK and NEWSFQ, see NEWSBRIG. IPUMS Reads newspaper: Bridging variable Reads newspaper: Bridging variable Reads newspaper: Bridging variable Reads newspaper: Bridging variable Reads newspaper: Bridging variable 112) Do you read a journal or magazine practically at least once a week? YES 1 NO 2 00 No 01 No, not at all 02 No, less than once a week 10 Yes 11 At least once a week 12 Almost every day 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 97 Don't know NEWSBRIG serves as a bridging variable between two approaches to collecting information on exposure to newspapers and magazines. For DHS Phases 1-3, respondents were asked whether they read a newspaper or magazine at least once a week (NEWSWK (V109)). Beginning in DHS Phase 4, respondents were asked how often they read newspapers or magazines (NEWSFQ (V157)). NEWSBRIG uses composite coding to combine data from these two approaches. See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Watches TV every week Watches TV every week Watches TV every week Watches TV every week Watches TV every week 114) Do you watch television at least once a week? YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) TVWK (V110) indicates whether the woman usually watches television at least once a week. For a comparable variable reporting the frequency of watching television, see TVFQ (V159). For a variable bridging TVWK and TVFQ, see TVBRIG. IPUMS Watches television: Bridging variable Watches television: Bridging variable Watches television: Bridging variable Watches television: Bridging variable Watches television: Bridging variable 114) Do you watch television at least once a week? YES 1 NO 2 00 No 01 No, not at all 02 No, less than once a week 10 Yes 11 At least once a week 12 Almost every day 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 97 Don't know TVBRIG serves as a bridging variable between two approaches to collecting information on exposure to television. For DHS Phases 1-3, respondents were asked whether they watch television at least once a week (TVWK (V110)). Beginning in DHS Phase 4, respondents were asked how often they watch television (TVFQ (V159)). TVBRIG uses composite coding to combine data from these two approaches; see Comparability. IPUMS Listens to radio every week Listens to radio every week Listens to radio every week Listens to radio every week Listens to radio every week 113) Do you listen to the radio at least once a week? YES 1 NO 2 1 Yes 8 Missing No RADIOWK (V112) indicates whether the woman usually listens to the radio at least once a week. Women who reported that they listen to the radio daily (see RADIODAY (V111)) were automatically coded as "Yes." For a comparable variable reporting the frequency of listening to the radio, see RADIOFQ (V158). For a variable bridging RADIOWK and RADIOFQ, see RADIOBRIG. IPUMS Listens to radio: Bridging variable Listens to radio: Bridging variable Listens to radio: Bridging variable Listens to radio: Bridging variable Listens to radio: Bridging variable 113) Do you listen to the radio at least once a week? YES 1 NO 2 00 No 01 Not at all 02 Less than once a week 10 Yes 11 At least once a week 12 Almost every day 98 Missing 97 Don't know RADIOBRIG serves as a bridging variable between two approaches to collecting information on exposure to the radio. For DHS Phases 1-3, respondents were asked whether they listen to the radio at least once a week (RADIOWK (V112)). Beginning in DHS Phase 4, respondents were asked how often they listen to the radio (RADIOFQ (V158)). RADIOBRIG uses composite coding to combine data from these two approaches; see Comparability. IPUMS Fertility preferences Fertility preferences Fertility preferences Fertility preferences Fertility preferences 603) CHECK 223: NOT PREGNANT OR UNSURE: Now I have some questions about the future. Would you like to have (a/another) child you would you prefer not have any (more) children? PREGNANT: Now I have some questions about the future. After the child you're expecting, would you like to have another child or would you prefer to not have any more children? HAVE (ANOTHER) CHILD 1 NO MORE/NONE 2 (GO TO 610) SHE SAYS SHE CAN'T GET PREGNANT 3 (GO TO 610) UNDECIDED OR DON'T KNOW 8 (GO TO 610) 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Missing 53 Never had sex 52 Declared infecund 51 Sterilized 50 Not at risk of pregnancy 40 Up to God 30 No more 20 Undecided 10 Have another For countries with low contraceptive prevalence, FERTPREF (V602) reports responses to the question, "Would you like to have a (another) child or would you prefer not to have any (more) children"? The standard response categories are "have another," "no more/none," "says she can't get pregnant," and "undecided or don't know." In Phase I, FERTPREF (V602), was constructed from two questions in countries with high contraceptive prevalence (Model "A" questionnaires). Women who responded that they want another child, but when asked when they would like the next child, respond that they cannot get pregnant, are classified in the "declared infecund category," and not in the "Wants another" category. Some samples also include the response "up to God." More detailed responses under the general category "says she can't get pregnant" are sometimes available. In IPUMS-DHS, all responses in the general category of "not at risk of pregnancy" share a common first digit of 5, while the second digit distinguishes between the specific reasons. In some countries, women who never had sexual intercourse (coded as "53" in IPUMS-DHS) were not asked the questions relating to their desire for future children. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Unmet need for FP Unmet need for FP Unmet need for FP Unmet need for FP Unmet need for FP 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Missing 61 Desire birth in less than 2 years 60 No unmet need 53 Never had sex 52 Not in union, not sexually active 51 Infecund or menopausal 50 Not at risk 41 No sex, want to wait 40 Future need for FP 32 Limiting failure 31 Spacing failure 30 Had FP failure 22 Using to limit 21 Using to space 20 Now using FP 12 Unmet need to limit 11 Unmet need to space 10 Has unmet need for FP UNMETNEED (V624) is a constructed variable that reports a woman's need for family planning according to whether she has an unmet need or a met need to space or to limit her future births. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. The following describes the constructed categories in more detail: Unmet need for spacing includes pregnant women whose pregnancy was mistimed, postpartum amenorrheic women whose last birth was mistimed, and fecund women who are neither pregnant nor postpartum amenorrheic and who are not using any method of family planning and say they want to wait two or more years for their next birth, are undecided about the timing of the next birth, or are undecided whether to have another child. Unmet need for limiting includes pregnant women whose pregnancy was unwanted, postpartum amenorrheic women whose last birth was unwanted, and fecund women who are neither pregnant nor postpartum amenorrheic and who are not using any method of family planning and who want no more children. Met need for spacing includes women who are using some method of family planning and say they want to have another child, are undecided about the timing of the next birth, or are undecided whether to have another child. Met need for limiting includes women who are using family planning and who want no more children. Note that the specific methods (modern or traditional) are not taken into account here. Met need describes women who have no need for contraceptive methods, either because they desire a child soon (within the next two years) or because they are menopausal or infecund. In high contraceptive prevalence countries (Model "A" countries), pregnant and postpartum amenorrheic women whose pregnancy was the result of a contraceptive failure are not included in the category of unmet need, but they are categorized as spacing failures or limiting failures. In low contraceptive prevalence countries (Model "B" countries), no such distinction is made, since information was not collected on contraceptive failure. Infecund women are also excluded from the unmet need categories. The "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" provides the following definitions: Fecundity: A woman is assumed to be fecund unless she declares that she is infecund, had a hysterectomy, or is menopausic. Women who are neither pregnant nor postpartum amenorrheic but who have not menstruated for six or more months, and married women who have not used contraception in the past five years but have not had a birth and are not pregnant, are also considered infecund. Failure to Space: This includes women who are pregnant (not due to a contraceptive failure) or are less than six months postpartum amenorrheic who say they wanted the current pregnancy later. Failure to Limit: This includes women who are pregnant (not due to a contraceptive failure) or are less than six months postpartum amenorrheic who say that they did not want another child before they became pregnant. Excluded from the unmet need category are women who became pregnant while using a method (these women are in need of a better method of contraception). The infecund or menopausal category on the UNMETNEED (V624) variable contains fewer cases than the EXPOSURE1 variable, because women who are categorized as infecund or menopausal, but are currently using a contraceptive method, are recorded in the two "met need" categories in UNMETNEED. UNMETNEED (V624) incorporates responses to the following variables: [EXPOSURE1/V623], which reports the woman's exposure to the risk of pregnancy, defined as pregnant, postpartum amenorrheic, menopausal or infecund, and fecund. [ V225], which reports whether a current pregnancy was wanted then, later or not at all (for women who were pregnant at the time of interview). [KIDDESIRE/V605] ,which reports whether the woman wants more children and when she would like them. [FPMETHNOW/V312] which reports the woman's current use of contraception. Users are also encouraged to see details of this variable provided in the "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006) [URL omitted from DDI.]. IPUMS Unmet need for FP (2nd def) Unmet need for FP (2nd def) Unmet need for FP (2nd def) Unmet need for FP (2nd def) Unmet need for FP (2nd def) 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Unknown 53 No sex, want to wait/not married and no sex in last 30 days 52 Never had sex 51 Infecund, menopausal 50 Not at risk for pregnancy 41 Desire birth in less than 2 yrs 40 No unmet need 32 Limiting failure 31 Spacing failure 30 Family limitation failure 22 Using to limit 21 Using to space 20 Now using FP 12 Unmet need to limit 11 Unmet need to space 10 Has unmet need for FP UNMETNEED2 (V626) is a constructed variable that indicates a woman's need for family planning according to whether she has an unmet need or a met need to space or to limit her future births. UNMETNEED2 is similar to UNMETNEED, but UNMETNEED2 differently categorizes women who are infecund or menopausal but are currently using a contraceptive method. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. The construction of UNMETNEED2 uses a definition of fecundity based on exposure status as reported in EXPOSURE2. UNMETNEED, by contrast, uses a definition of exposure status as reported in EXPOSURE1. See the descriptions of these two variables for discussion of their differences. IPUMS Desire for more children Desire for more children Desire for more children Desire for more children Desire for more children 603) CHECK 223: NOT PREGNANT OR UNSURE: Now I have some questions about the future. Would you like to have (a/another) child you would you prefer not have any (more) children? PREGNANT: Now I have some questions about the future. After the child you're expecting, would you like to have another child or would you prefer to not have any more children? HAVE (ANOTHER) CHILD 1 NO MORE/NONE 2 (GO TO 610) SHE SAYS SHE CAN'T GET PREGNANT 3 (GO TO 610) UNDECIDED OR DON'T KNOW 8 (GO TO 610) 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Unknown 63 Never had sex 62 Declared infecund 61 Sterilized 60 Not at risk of pregnancy 51 Up to God 50 Fatalistic response 40 Wants no more 30 Undecided 13 Wants, unsure timing 12 Wants after 2+ years 11 Wants within 2 years 10 Wants more children KIDDESIRE (V605) is a constructed variable that distinguishes between women who want another child soon (in less than two years), who want another child later (in 2+ years), who want no more children, and who aren't sure (about timing or about the number of children desired). When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. The construction of this variable has changed across phases of the DHS and varies across countries (only sometimes distinguishing between groups of women not at risk of pregnancy due to sterilization, infecundity, or virginity). To maximize comparability across samples, IPUMS-DHS employs composite coding. Women who want more children share a common first digit of 1, women not at risk of pregnancy share a common first digit of 6, and detail present in only some samples is specified in the code's second digit. IPUMS Wanted last child Wanted last child Wanted last child Wanted last child Wanted last child 403) At the time you became pregnant with (NAME), did you want to become pregnant then, did you want to wait until later, or did you want no more children at all? THEN 1 (GO TO 405) LATER 2 NO MORE 3 (GO TO 405) 1 Wanted last child then 2 Wanted last child later 3 Wanted no more children 7 Unsure 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPLCHDESIRE (V367) reports whether the woman's last born child was wanted at the time she got pregnant, was wanted but at a later time, or was not wanted at all. The cutoff point for when the woman's last child was born varies across samples; see Comparability. IPUMS Time wanted current pregnancy Time wanted current pregnancy Time wanted current pregnancy Time wanted current pregnancy Time wanted current pregnancy 225) At the time you became pregnant, did you want to become pregnant then, did you want to wait until later or did you not want to become pregnant? THEN 1 LATER 2 NOT AT ALL 3 GOD WILLED IT 4 DON'T KNOW 5 1 Then 2 Later 3 Not at all 4 Up to God 7 Don't know/Not sure 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently pregnant, PGDESIRE (V225) reports whether, at the time of becoming pregnant, the woman wanted her pregnancy then, later, or not at all. IPUMS Ideal number of children Ideal number of children Ideal number of children Ideal number of children Ideal number of children 617) CHECK 216: HAS LIVING CHILDREN: If you could go back to the time you did not have any children and could choose exactly the number of children to have in your whole life, how many would that be? NO LIVING CHILDREN: If you could choose exactly the number of children to have in your whole life, how many would that be? RECORD SINGLE NUMBER OR OTHER ANSWER. NUMBER: ___ OTHER ANSWER (SPECIFY): ___ 96 98 Missing 97 Don't know 66 Number she has currently 65 Depends on husband 64 As many as possible 63 Never thought about it 62 Any number/Fatalistic 61 Up to God/As Allah wills 60 Non-numeric response 50 50 49 49 48 48 47 47 46 46 45 45 44 44 43 43 42 42 41 41 40 40 39 39 38 38 37 37 36 36 35 35 34 34 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 01 1 00 33 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 67 As many as can care for 68 Doesn't want children 99 NIU (not in universe) IDEALKID (V613) reports the ideal total number of children the woman would have liked to have in her whole life, regardless of her actual childbearing. The information is collected through hypothetical questions such as, "If you could go back to the time you did not have any children and could choose exactly the number of children to have in your whole life, how many would that be?" (for women with living children) or "If you could choose exactly the number of children to have in your whole life, how many would that be?" (for women without living children). If the woman responded with a range of values, IDEALKID reports the midpoint between those values. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, "If the midpoint is not an exact number then the number is rounded up in half the cases and rounded down for the other half." The questionnaires included space for non-numeric "other" responses, such as "Up to God." When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Ideal number of children (grouped) Ideal number of children (grouped) Ideal number of children (grouped) Ideal number of children (grouped) Ideal number of children (grouped) 617) CHECK 216: HAS LIVING CHILDREN: If you could go back to the time you did not have any children and could choose exactly the number of children to have in your whole life, how many would that be? NO LIVING CHILDREN: If you could choose exactly the number of children to have in your whole life, how many would that be? RECORD SINGLE NUMBER OR OTHER ANSWER. NUMBER: ___ OTHER ANSWER (SPECIFY): ___ 96 8 Missing 7 Non-numeric response 6 6+ 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 [no label] 9 NIU (not in universe) Like IDEALKID, IDEALKIDGRP (V614) reports the total number of children the woman would hypothetically like to have in her whole life, regardless of her actual childbearing, but top-codes numeric responses at 6+ children and codes non-numeric responses as 7. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Ideal time before future birth Ideal time before future birth Ideal time before future birth Ideal time before future birth Ideal time before future birth 604) CHECK 223: NOT PREGNANT OR UNSURE: How long would you like to wait from now before (a/another) child? PREGNANT: How long would you like to wait after the birth of the child you are expecting before the birth of another child? MONTHS: ___ 1 (GO TO 610) YEARS: ___ 2 (GO TO 610) SOON/NOW 994 (GO TO 610) SHE SAYS SHE CAN'T GET PREGNANT 995 (GO TO 610) OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 996 DON'T KNOW 998 100 Less than 1 month 101 1 month 102 2 months 103 3 months 104 4 months 105 5 months 106 6 months 107 7 months 108 8 months 109 9 months 110 10 months 111 11 months 112 12 months 113 13 months 114 14 months 115 15 months 116 16 months 117 17 months 118 18 months 119 19 months 120 20 months 121 21 months 122 22 months 123 23 months 124 24 months 125 25 months 126 26 months 127 27 months 128 28 months 129 29 months 130 30 months 131 31 months 132 32 months 133 33 months 134 34 months 135 35 months 136 36 months 137 37 months 138 38 months 139 39 months 140 40 months 141 41 months 142 42 months 143 43 months 144 44 months 145 45 months 146 46 months 147 47 months 148 48 months 149 49 months 150 50 months 151 51 months 152 52 months 153 53 months 154 54 months 155 55 months 156 56 months 157 57 months 158 58 months 159 59 months 160 60 months 161 61 months 162 62 months 163 63 months 164 64 months 165 65 months 166 66 months 167 67 months 168 68 months 169 69 months 170 70 months 171 71 months 172 72 months 173 73 months 174 74 months 175 75 months 176 76 months 177 77 months 178 78 months 179 79 months 180 80 months 181 81 months 182 82 months 183 83 months 184 84 months 185 85 months 186 86 months 187 87 months 188 88 months 189 89 months 190 90 months 191 91 months 192 92 months 193 93 months 194 94 months 195 95 months 196 96 months 197 97 months 198 98 months 199 Months, unspecified number 200 Less than 1 year 201 1 year 202 2 years 203 3 years 204 4 years 205 5 years 206 6 years 207 7 years 208 8 years 209 9 years 210 10 years 211 11 years 212 12 years 213 13 years 214 14 years 215 15 years 216 16 years 217 17 years 218 18 years 219 19 years 220 20 years 221 21 years 222 22 years 223 23 years 224 24 years 225 25 years 226 26 years 227 27 years 228 28 years 229 29 years 230 30 years 231 31 years 232 32 years 233 33 years 234 34 years 235 35+ years 299 Years, number missing 989 Up to God 990 After finishing school 991 After marriage 992 When husband returns 993 After breastfeeding 994 At any time 995 Soon/now 996 Other 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IDEALBTHFUT (V616) reports how long the woman would like to wait before the birth of a/another child. IPUMS Best interval between births Best interval between births Best interval between births Best interval between births Best interval between births 618) What do you think is the best number of months or years between the birth of one child and the birth of the next child? MONTHS: ___ 1 YEARS: ___ 2 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 996 169 69 months 168 68 months 165 65 months 164 64 months 163 63 months 162 62 months 161 61 months 100 Less than 1 month 101 1 month 102 2 months 103 3 months 104 4 months 105 5 months 106 6 months 107 7 months 108 8 months 109 9 months 110 10 months 111 11 months 112 12 months 113 13 months 114 14 months 115 15 months 116 16 months 117 17 months 118 18 months 119 19 months 120 20 months 121 21 months 122 22 months 123 23 months 124 24 months 125 25 months 126 26 months 127 27 months 128 28 months 129 29 months 130 30 months 131 31 months 132 32 months 133 33 months 134 34 months 135 35 months 136 36 months 137 37 months 138 38 months 139 39 months 140 40 months 141 41 months 142 42 months 143 43 months 144 44 months 145 45 months 146 46 months 147 47 months 148 48 months 149 49 months 150 50 months 151 51 months 152 52 months 153 53 months 154 54 months 155 55 months 156 56 months 157 57 months 158 58 months 159 59 months 160 60 months 199 Months, unspecified number 200 Less than 1 year 201 1 year 202 2 years 203 3 years 204 4 years 205 5 years 206 6 years 207 7 years 208 8 years 209 9 years 210 10 years 211 11 years 212 12 years 213 13 years 214 14 years 215 15 years 216 16 years 217 17 years 218 18 years 219 19 years 220 20 years 221 21 years 222 22 years 223 23 years 224 24 years 299 Years, unspecified number 996 Other 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) 167 67 months 166 66 months 170 70 months 171 71 months 172 72 months 173 73 months 174 74 months 175 75 months 176 76 months 177 77 months 178 78 months 179 79 months 180 80 months 181 81 months 182 82 months 183 83 months 184 84 months 185 85 months 186 86 months 187 87 months 188 88 months 189 89 months 190 90 months 225 25 years IDEALBTHINT (V615) reports the best number of months or years between the birth of one child and the birth of the next child, according to the respondent. IPUMS-DHS adopts the recoding system from DHS for IDEALBTHINT. Below is a description of the codes from the DHS Recode Manual for Phase 2: The first digit gives the units in which the respondent answered ("1" indicates months, "2" indicates years, and "9" indicates a special response), while the last two digits give the time in those units. If the units' value is 9 then the variable contains a special response, and if the duration value is greater than 90 this also indicates a special response. For example, code 996 is used for "other" answers, and code 299 would mean that the response was given in years but the actual duration was missing on the questionnaire. IPUMS Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child 604) CHECK 223: NOT PREGNANT OR UNSURE: How long would you like to wait from now before (a/another) child? PREGNANT: How long would you like to wait after the birth of the child you are expecting before the birth of another child? MONTHS: ___ 1 (GO TO 610) YEARS: ___ 2 (GO TO 610) SOON/NOW 994 (GO TO 610) SHE SAYS SHE CAN'T GET PREGNANT 995 (GO TO 610) OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 996 DON'T KNOW 998 100 Less than one month (want now) 101 1 month 102 2 months 103 3 months 104 4 months 105 5 months 106 6 months 107 7 months 108 8 months 109 9 months 110 10 months 111 11 months 112 12 months 113 13 months 114 14 months 115 15 months 116 16 months 117 17 months 118 18 months 119 19 months 120 20 months 121 21 months 122 22 months 123 23 months 124 24 months 125 25 months 126 26 months 127 27 months 128 28 months 129 29 months 130 30 months 131 31 months 132 32 months 133 33 months 134 34 months 135 35 months 136 36 months 137 37 months 138 38 months 139 39 months 140 40 months 141 41 months 142 42 months 143 43 months 144 44 months 145 45 months 146 46 months 147 47 months 148 48 months 149 49 months 150 50 months 151 51 months 152 52 months 153 53 months 154 54 months 155 55 months 156 56 months 157 57 months 158 58 months 159 59 months 160 60 months 161 61 months 162 62 months 163 63 months 164 64 months 165 65 months 166 66 months 167 67 months 168 68 months 169 69 months 170 70 months 171 71 months 172 72 months 173 73 months 174 74 months 175 75 months 176 76 months 177 77 months 178 78 months 179 79 months 180 80 months 181 81 months 182 82 months 183 83 months 184 84 months 185 85 months 186 86 months 187 87 months 188 88 months 189 89 months 190 90 months 191 91 months 192 92 months 193 93 months 194 94 months 195 95 months 196 96 months 197 97 months 198 98 months 199 Months, number unspecified 200 Less than one year 201 1 year 202 2 years 203 3 years 204 4 years 205 5 years 206 6 years 207 7 years 208 8 years 209 9 years 210 10 years 211 11 years 212 12 years 213 13 years 214 14 years 215 15 years 216 16 years 217 17 years 218 18 years 219 19 years 220 20 years or more 299 Years, number unspecified 987 After weaning 989 After finishing school 990 When spouse returns 991 Up to God 992 After marriage 993 Any time 994 Soon or immediately 995 Other, non-numeric response 996 Inconsistent response 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For women who want to have a/another child, PREFTIMECH (V603) reports the amount of time, in months or years, they would like to wait before the birth of a/another child (top-coded at 20 years). The complementary variable PREFTIMECH (V604) reports responses to the same question, but in terms of years only, top-coded at 6+ years. PREFTIMECH includes women who are either pregnant or at risk of pregnancy. However, the definition of "at risk of pregnancy" varies across samples, and the way this variable was asked and calculated also changed over time; see Comparability. IPUMS Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child (grouped) Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child (grouped) Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child (grouped) Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child (grouped) Preferred waiting time for birth of a(nother) child (grouped) 604) CHECK 223: NOT PREGNANT OR UNSURE: How long would you like to wait from now before (a/another) child? PREGNANT: How long would you like to wait after the birth of the child you are expecting before the birth of another child? MONTHS: ___ 1 (GO TO 610) YEARS: ___ 2 (GO TO 610) SOON/NOW 994 (GO TO 610) SHE SAYS SHE CAN'T GET PREGNANT 995 (GO TO 610) OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 996 DON'T KNOW 998 00 Less than 12 months 01 1 year 02 2 years 03 3 years 04 4 years 05 5 years 06 6 or more years 96 Non-numeric response 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who want to have a/another child, PREFTIMECHGP (V604) reports the amount of time, in years, they would like to wait before the birth of a/another child, top-coded at 6+ years. PREFTIMECHGP includes women who are either pregnant or at risk of pregnancy. However, the definition of "at risk of pregnancy" varies across samples; see Comparability. The related variable PREFTIMECH presents the same information in greater detail, in terms of months or years, top-coded at 20 years. IPUMS Desired age of youngest child at future birth Desired age of youngest child at future birth Desired age of youngest child at future birth Desired age of youngest child at future birth Desired age of youngest child at future birth 606) CHECK 223: NOT PREGNANT OR UNSURE: How old would you like your youngest child to be when your next child is born? PREGNANT: How old would you like the child you are expecting to be when your next child is born? AGE OF YOUNGEST CHILD IN YEARS: ___ (GO TO 610) DON'T KNOW 98 (GO TO 610) 01 1 year 02 2 years 03 3 years 04 4 years 05 5 years 06 6 years 07 7 years 08 8 years 09 9 years 10 10 years 11 11 years 12 12 years 13 13 years 14 14 years 15 15 years 16 16 years 17 17 years 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 18 18 years 19 19 years 20 20 years For women who want to have a (another) child, IDEALAGECH (V617) reports the ideal age of their youngest child at the time of a future birth. IPUMS Discussed number of children with partner Discussed number of children with partner Discussed number of children with partner Discussed number of children with partner Discussed number of children with partner 612) Have you talked to your husband about the number of children you'd like to have? YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FERTPREFTLKH (V620) indicates whether the woman and her husband/partner have discussed the number of children they would like to have. IPUMS Husband's desire for children Husband's desire for children Husband's desire for children Husband's desire for children Husband's desire for children 613) Do you think your husband/partner wants the same number of children that you want, or does he want more or fewer than you want? SAME NUMBER 1 MORE CHILDREN 2 FEWER CHILDREN 3 DON'T KNOW 8 01 Both want same 02 Husband wants more 03 Husband wants fewer 07 Don't Know 08 Missing 09 NIU (not in universe) 04 Both provided non-numeric response HUSFERTPREF (V621) reports whether the woman believes her partner wants the same number of children, more children, or fewer children than she wants. IPUMS Respondent approves of couples using FP Respondent approves of couples using FP Respondent approves of couples using FP Respondent approves of couples using FP Respondent approves of couples using FP 616) In general, do you approve or disapprove of couples using a method to avoid getting pregnant? APPROVE 1 DISAPPROVE 2 Disapproves 1 Approves 3 Depends 7 Don't know/Undecided 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPAPPROVE (V612) indicates whether the woman approves, in general, of the use of family planning to avoid a pregnancy. IPUMS Husband approves FP use Husband approves FP use Husband approves FP use Husband approves FP use Husband approves FP use 610) Do you think that your husband/partner approves or disapproves of couples using a method to avoid pregnancy? APPROVES 1 DISAPPROVES 2 DON'T KNOW 8 10 Disapproves 20 Approves or indifferent 21 Approves 22 Indifferent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) HUSPROFP (V610) indicates whether the woman believes her husband or male partner approves of couples using a family planning method to avoid pregnancy. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund 3 Infecund, menopausal 2 Amenorrheic 1 Pregnant Fecund 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) EXPOSURE1 (V623) is a constructed variable that draws upon responses to several questions to differentiate between pregnant women, postpartum amenorrheic women, menopausal or infecund women, and fecund women. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, these categories are actualized as follows: Pregnant women Postpartum amenorrheic women are those whose period has not returned since the last birth in the three/five years preceding the survey. Women are defined as being menopausal if they are not pregnant and not postpartum amenorrheic, are not currently using a contraceptive method, and have not had a period in the six months preceding the survey or report they are in menopause. Women are defined as being infecund if they are not menopausal and not postpartum amenorrheic and not pregnant, have had no birth in the five years preceding the survey, and either (Model "A" countries) have been continuously married and have not used contraception in the five years preceding the survey, or (Model "B" countries) have been married one time and first married five or more years before the survey and have never used contraception. Fecund women are all women not included in the preceding categories. IPUMS Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund (2nd def) Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund (2nd def) Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund (2nd def) Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund (2nd def) Fecund, pregnant, amenorrheic, or infecund (2nd def) Fecund 1 Pregnant 2 Amenorrheic 3 Infecund, menopausal 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) Like EXPOSURE1, EXPOSURE2 (V625) is a constructed variable that draws upon responses to several questions to distinguish between pregnant women, postpartum amenorrheic women, menopausal or infecund women, and fecund women. EXPOSURE2 uses a more liberal definition of infecundity than EXPOSURE1, however. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. The DHS Recode Manuals explain the differences between these two variables as follows: For Model "B" countries, it is only possible to say that a woman had been continuously married throughout the preceding five years if she was in her first union. This definition has been relaxed in V625 [EXPOSURE2], such that the respondent need only have been married at least five years ago, and not continuously married throughout the last five years. For Model "A" countries, there is no change to this part of the definition. [For EXPOSURE2] Two additional variables have been used to declare a woman infecund. If the respondent said that she cannot get pregnant when asked about preferences for additional children, or if she reported that she was menopausal or had a hysterectomy when giving the reason she was not currently using a contraceptive method, the respondent is coded as infecund. Model A countries and Model B countries are defined according to whether the country based its questionnaire on the Model A or Model B standard DHS questionnaire for DHS phases one through four. In general, the Model A questionnaire was designed for use in countries with high contraceptive prevalence. Nonetheless, countries with relatively low contraceptive prevalence sometimes modeled their own questionnaire on the Model A standard questionnaire. This was the case, for example, for the Kenyan samples for 1998 and 2003 and the Malawi samples for 2000 and 2004. IPUMS Know any type of FP method Know any type of FP method Know any type of FP method Know any type of FP method Know any type of FP method 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 00 Knows no method 10 Knows only traditional or folkloric method 11 Knows only folkloric method 12 Knows only traditional method 20 Knows modern method 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOTYP (V301) is a summary (recoded) variable indicating whether the woman knew any family planning method and, if so, whether she knew a modern method or only a traditional or folkloric method. In the DHS, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet) that vary across samples. IPUMS Know about Pill for FP Know about Pill for FP Know about Pill for FP Know about Pill for FP Know about Pill for FP 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOPILL (V304_01) indicates whether the woman knew about the Pill as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Know about IUD for FP Know about IUD for FP Know about IUD for FP Know about IUD for FP Know about IUD for FP 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOIUD (V304_02) indicates whether the woman knew about the IUD (intra-uterine device) as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. In probe questions, an IUD was often described as "a loop or coil placed inside them by a doctor or a nurse." IPUMS Know about injectable FP Know about injectable FP Know about injectable FP Know about injectable FP Know about injectable FP 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOINJ (V304_03) indicates whether the woman knew about injectables as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. For the probe question, injectables were typically defined as "an injection by a doctor or nurse, which stops them from becoming pregnant for several months." IPUMS Know about diaphragm for FP Know about diaphragm for FP Know about diaphragm for FP Know about diaphragm for FP Know about diaphragm for FP 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNODIA (V304_04) indicates whether the woman knew about the diaphragm or spermicides, such as a foam or jelly, as a method for family planning. Some phases combine diaphragm and spermicides in the response and some are separate; see Comparability. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Know about condom for FP Know about condom for FP Know about condom for FP Know about condom for FP Know about condom for FP 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOCON (V304_05) indicates whether the woman knew about male condoms as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Know about female sterilization for FP Know about female sterilization for FP Know about female sterilization for FP Know about female sterilization for FP Know about female sterilization for FP 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOFST (V304_06) indicates whether the woman knew about female sterilization as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Know about male sterilization for FP Know about male sterilization for FP Know about male sterilization for FP Know about male sterilization for FP Know about male sterilization for FP 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOMST (V304_07) indicates whether the woman knew about male sterilization as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Know about withdrawal for FP Know about withdrawal for FP Know about withdrawal for FP Know about withdrawal for FP Know about withdrawal for FP 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOWD (V304_09) indicates whether the woman knew about withdrawal as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Know about rhythm for FP Know about rhythm for FP Know about rhythm for FP Know about rhythm for FP Know about rhythm for FP 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 10 Yes 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 00 No 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNORHY (V304_08) indicates whether the woman knew about the rhythm method (periodic abstinence at the high-fertility part of the woman's menstrual cycle) as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Knows about charms or amulets as a method of family planning Knows about charms or amulets as a method of family planning Knows about charms or amulets as a method of family planning Knows about charms or amulets as a method of family planning Knows about charms or amulets as a method of family planning 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing FPKNOCHARM indicates whether the woman knew about using charms or amulets as a method for family planning. The complementary variable FPEVUSCHARM indicates whether the woman had ever used this method to delay or avoid a pregnancy. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Knows about religion as a method of family planning Knows about religion as a method of family planning Knows about religion as a method of family planning Knows about religion as a method of family planning Knows about religion as a method of family planning 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing FPKNORELIG indicates whether the woman knew about using religion, such as a religious holy person or holy book, to delay or avoid a pregnancy. The complementary variable FPEVUSRELIG indicates whether the woman had ever used religion to delay or avoid a pregnancy. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Knows about other contraceptive as a method of family planning Knows about other contraceptive as a method of family planning Knows about other contraceptive as a method of family planning Knows about other contraceptive as a method of family planning Knows about other contraceptive as a method of family planning 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOOM (V304_10) indicates whether the woman knew about any "other" method(s) as a method of family planning. The complementary variable FPEVUSOM indicates whether the woman had ever used any "other" method(s) to delay or avoid a pregnancy. The meaning of "other" in this case depends on the specific response categories included in a given sample. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Known source for FP Known source for FP Known source for FP Known source for FP Known source for FP 332) Do you know of a place where you can obtain a method of family planning? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 336) 0000 No one/did not consult source 1000 PUBLIC SECTOR 1100 Government hospital 1110 Referral/specialty hospital 1120 National/central hospital 1130 Regional/provincial hospital 1140 Urban hospital 1150 District/rural hospital 1151 District hospital 1152 Rural hospital 1160 University/teaching hospital 1161 University hospital 1162 Teaching hospital 1200 Government health center 1210 Referral health center 1220 Community health center 1230 Urban health center 1240 Rural health center 1250 Integrated health center 1260 Family welfare center 1270 Primary health center 1300 Government pharmacy/dispensary 1310 Government pharmacy 1320 Government dispensary 1400 Government maternity home 1410 Mother and child health (MCH) center 1420 Rural maternity clinic 1500 Government family planning clinic 1510 Stand-alone family planning clinic 1520 Mobile family planning clinic 1600 Government outreach 1610 Government health post 1611 Village health post 1620 Government mobile clinic 1630 Government health worker 1631 Fieldworker 1632 Community-based distribution agent (CBDA) 1633 Community/village health worker 1634 Health surveillance assistant (HSA) 1635 Paramedic 1636 Doctor 1637 Nurse 1900 Other public sector 1901 Camp 1902 Health box 1903 Health station/clinic 1904 Health office 1905 Community clinic 1906 Health insurance organization 1907 Curative care organization 1908 Parastatal health facility 1909 Female Community Health Volunteer Program (FCHV) of Nepal 2000 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR 2100 Private hospital/clinic 2110 Private hospital 2111 Referral/specialty hospital 2120 Private clinic 2200 Private doctor 2210 Qualified doctor 2220 Traditional doctor 2230 Doctor/birth attendant 2300 Private pharmacy/dispensary 2310 Private pharmacy 2320 Private dispensary 2400 Private family planning clinic 2500 Private outreach 2510 Private mobile clinic 2520 Private health worker 2521 Fieldworker 2522 Community-based distribution agent (CBDA) 2523 Nurse 2524 Paramedic 2526 Community/village health worker 2527 Midwife 2600 Private health center 2610 VCT center 2700 Private maternity home 2900 Other private medical sector 2901 Care room 2902 Tent 3000 NGO FACILITY 3100 NGO health facility 3110 Static clinic 3120 Satellite clinic 3130 Community-based outlet 3140 UN Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) 3150 International Rescue Committee (IRC) 3200 NGO health worker 3210 Depot holder 3220 Fieldworker 3300 Country-specific NGOs 3301 AMO Congo 3302 Egypt family planning association (EFPA) 3303 CSI project 3304 Family Guidance Association of Ethiopia (FGAE) 3305 BLM 3306 MACRO 3307 Marie Stopes 3308 Red Cross Society 3309 AFGA 3310 Family Planning Association of Nepal (FPAN) 3311 Institute for Family Health (IFH) 3900 Other NGO facility 4000 RELIGIOUS/MISSION 4100 Religious hospital/clinic 4110 Religious hospital 4111 Religious referral/specialty hospital 4112 Religious district hospital 4120 Religious clinic 4200 Religious health center/dispensary 4210 Religious health center 4211 Mosque health center 4212 Church health center 4220 Religious dispensary 4300 Religious mobile clinic 4400 Religious door-to-door 4900 Other religious 5000 OTHER 5100 Shop/market 5110 Shop 5111 General dealer 5112 Supermarket/tuck shop 5113 Service station 5120 Market 5130 Kiosk 5140 Gas station 5190 Other retail 5200 Relative/friend 5210 Partner 5300 Church/mosque/temple 5400 Bar/nightclub/hotel 5410 Bar/nightclub 5420 Hotel 5500 Other institutions 5510 Youth center 5520 Workplace 5521 Respondent's workplace 5522 Partner's workplace 5530 School 5600 Traditional practitioner 5610 Traditional birth attendant (TBA) 5620 Vaidya/hakim/homeopath 5700 Informal channels 5710 Drug vendor 9992 Not asked 9993 Non-user: Knows source 9994 Multiple responses given 9995 Other 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOANYSRC (V379) reports the source where the respondent knows contraceptives can be obtained. This variable is constructed from a series of questions. Because the questions used to construct this variable changed slightly across phases, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. The related variable FPKNOANYSRCS (V380) reports known sources for contraceptives, in standardized categories. IPUMS Known source for FP, standardized Known source for FP, standardized Known source for FP, standardized Known source for FP, standardized Known source for FP, standardized 332) Do you know of a place where you can obtain a method of family planning? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 336) 01 Government clinic/pharmacy 02 Government home/community delivery 03 NGO 04 Private clinic/delivery 05 Private pharmacy 06 Church, shop, friends 07 Other 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOANYSRCS (V380) reports the source from which the woman knows contraceptives can be obtained. This variable is constructed from a series of questions, and answers were recorded using standard responses and codes that are consistent across countries and phases. Because the questions used to construct this variable changed slightly across phases, IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab. IPUMS Current FP use by method type (folk, traditional, modern) Current FP use by method type (folk, traditional, modern) Current FP use by method type (folk, traditional, modern) Current FP use by method type (folk, traditional, modern) Current FP use by method type (folk, traditional, modern) 312) What method are you using? 312A) CIRCLE '06' FOR FEMALE STERILIZATION PILL 01 IUD 02 (GO TO 318) INJECTIONS 03 (GO TO 318) DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL 04 (GO TO 318) CONDOM 05 (GO TO 318) FEMALE STERILIZATION 06 (GO TO 318) MALE STERILIZATION 07(GO TO 318) PERIODIC ABSTINENCE 08 (GO TO 323) WITHDRAWAL 09 (GO TO 323) GRIS-GRIS 10 (GO TO 323) OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 11 (GO TO 323) 00 No method 10 Folkloric or traditional method 11 Folkloric method 12 Traditional method 20 Modern method 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPNOW (V313) indicates whether the woman is currently using a modern, traditional, or folkloric method of contraception. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. In the DHS, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. IPUMS Pattern of use of contraceptive method Pattern of use of contraceptive method Pattern of use of contraceptive method Pattern of use of contraceptive method Pattern of use of contraceptive method 311) Are you currently doing something or using a method to avoid pregnancy? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 326) 10 Currently using 20 Ever used, but not currently using 21 Used since last birth 22 Used before last birth 30 Never used 99 NIU (not in universe) FPUSPATRN (V361) reports the woman's pattern of contraceptive use by indicating whether she is currently using, has used in the past, or has never used contraception. IPUMS Current method of FP Current method of FP Current method of FP Current method of FP Current method of FP 312) What method are you using? 312A) CIRCLE '06' FOR FEMALE STERILIZATION PILL 01 IUD 02 (GO TO 318) INJECTIONS 03 (GO TO 318) DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL 04 (GO TO 318) CONDOM 05 (GO TO 318) FEMALE STERILIZATION 06 (GO TO 318) MALE STERILIZATION 07(GO TO 318) PERIODIC ABSTINENCE 08 (GO TO 323) WITHDRAWAL 09 (GO TO 323) GRIS-GRIS 10 (GO TO 323) OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 11 (GO TO 323) 000 Not using 100 MODERN METHODS 101 Pill 102 IUD 103 Norplant/Implants 104 Condom 105 Female Condom 106 Female Sterilization 107 Male Sterilization 110 Injections 111 Injection (3 monthly) 112 Injection (monthly) 120 Diaphragm/Foam/Jelly 121 Diaphragm 122 Diaphragm/Foam 123 Diaphragm/Jelly 124 Foam or Jelly 125 Foaming tablets 126 Vaginal methods 130 Lactational amenorrhea (LAM) 131 Prolonged breastfeeding 140 Emergency contraception 150 Other modern method 151 Contraceptive patch 200 TRADITIONAL METHODS 210 Abstinence or periodic abstinence 211 Periodic abstinence 212 Cycle Beads/Standard days method 213 Abstinence 214 Mucus method 215 Natural family planning, unspecified 220 Withdrawal 230 Other traditional/folkloric 231 Herbs/Plants 232 Gris-Gris/Amulet 233 Astrology 234 Strings 300 OTHER METHOD, UNSPECIFIED 301 Other specific method 1 302 Other specific method 2 303 Other specific method 3 304 Other specific method 4 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) FPMETHNOW (V312) reports the contraceptive method the woman is currently using. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. Answers are grouped under the broad categories of "modern methods," "traditional methods," and "other methods," each with a different first digit. Specific methods are distinguished by the second and third digits. See FPEVUSE for more information on broad categories of contraception. Closely related responses, such as various groupings of diaphragm/foam/jelly, share the first 2 digits in common, while the third digit distinguishes the exact response category. IPUMS Months of use of current family planning method Months of use of current family planning method Months of use of current family planning method Months of use of current family planning method Months of use of current family planning method 323) For how many months have you been using (CURRENT METHOD) continuously? IF LESS THAN A MONTH, RECORD '00'. MONTHS: ___ 8 YEARS OR MORE 96 000 0 months 001 1 month 002 2 months 003 3 months 004 4 months 005 5 months 006 6 months 007 7 months 008 8 months 009 9 months 010 10 months 011 11 months 012 12 months 013 13 months 014 14 months 015 15 months 016 16 months 017 17 months 018 18 months 019 19 months 020 20 months 021 21 months 022 22 months 023 23 months 024 24 months 025 25 months 026 26 months 027 27 months 028 28 months 029 29 months 030 30 months 031 31 months 032 32 months 033 33 months 034 34 months 035 35 months 036 36 months 037 37 months 038 38 months 039 39 months 040 40 months 041 41 months 042 42 months 043 43 months 044 44 months 045 45 months 046 46 months 047 47 months 048 48 months 049 49 months 050 50 months 051 51 months 052 52 months 053 53 months 054 54 months 055 55 months 056 56 months 057 57 months 058 58 months 059 59 months 060 60 months 061 61 months 062 62 months 063 63 months 064 64 months 065 65 months 066 66 months 067 67 months 068 68 months 069 69 months 070 70 months 071 71 months 072 72 months 073 73 months 074 74 months 075 75 months 076 76 months 077 77 months 078 78 months 079 79 months 080 80 months 081 81 months 082 82 months 083 83 months 084 84 months 085 85 months 086 86 months 087 87 months 088 88 months 089 89 months 090 90 months 091 91 months 092 92 months 093 93 months 094 94 months 095 95 months 096 96 or more months 995 All calendar years 996 Inconsistent response 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently using a contraceptive method, FPCURNOMO (V337) reports the number of months they have been continuously using their current method. Starting in Phase II, there are differences in the way these data are reported between Model "A" and Model "B" countries, due to the inclusion of a detailed calendar of events in the five years preceding the interview in Model "A" questionnaires. For Model "B" questionnaires, any response greater than 8 years is topcoded at "96." However, for Model "A" questionnaires, the maximum duration of use that could be recorded is the entire length of the calendar (i.e., 5 years). IPUMS Last source for FP for current users, detailed Last source for FP for current users, detailed Last source for FP for current users, detailed Last source for FP for current users, detailed Last source for FP for current users, detailed 318) CHECK 312: HE/SHE IS STERILIZED: Where did the sterilization take place? USES ANOTHER METHOD: Where did you obtain (METHOD) the last time? NAME OF PLACE: ___ PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL 11 MEDICAL CENTER 12 FAMILY HEALTH CENTER 13 MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER 14 DISPENSARY 15 MATERNITY WARD 16 PEOPLE'S PHARMACY 17 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE 21 CLINIC/HOSPITAL 22 PHARMACY 23 OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR RELATIVE 31 (GO TO 321) NEIGHBOR 32 (GO TO 321) OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 41(GO TO 321) DON'T KNOW 98 (GO TO 321) 6903 Community center 3306 Institute for Family Health (IFH) 3180 International Rescue Committee (IRC) 0000 NO ONE 1000 PUBLIC SECTOR 1100 Government hospital 1110 National hospital 1111 Referral/specialty hospital 1112 National/central hospital 1113 Military hospital 1114 Day hospital 1120 Provincial/regional hospital 1130 Urban hospital 1140 District/rural hospital 1141 District hospital 1142 Rural hospital 1150 Category I hospital 1160 Category II hospital 1170 University/teaching hospital 1171 University hospital 1172 Teaching hospital 1200 Government health center 1210 Referral health center 1220 Community health center 1230 Urban health center 1240 Rural health center 1250 Basic health center 1260 Integrated health center 1270 Primary health center 1280 Family welfare center 1300 Government family planning clinic 1310 Stand-alone family planning clinic 1320 Mobile family planning clinic 1330 Family planning clinic CBD 1400 Government outreach 1410 Government health post 1411 Village health post 1412 Sub-center 1413 Sub-health post 1420 Government mobile clinic 1421 Mobile PHC clinic 1430 Government health professional 1431 Doctor 1432 Nurse 1433 Paramedic 1440 Government health worker 1434 Community-based distributor (CBD) 1435 Health surveillance assistant (HSA) 1436 Male mobilizer 1437 Accredited social health activist (ASHA) 1438 Vaidya/hakim/homeopath 1450 Government outreach clinic 1451 Primary health care outreach clinic 1452 Satellite clinic/EPI outreach 1453 Community clinic 1454 Rural/municipal clinic 1460 Camp 1470 Household visit 1500 Government maternity home 1510 Maternal and child health (MCH) center 1520 Rural maternity 1530 Anganwadi/ICDS center 1600 Government pharmacy/dispensary 1610 Government pharmacy 1611 Community pharmacy 1620 Government dispensary 1900 Other public 1901 Clinic 1902 Curative care organization 1903 Health home 1904 Health office 1905 Health insurance organization 1906 Parastatal health facility 1907 Youth center 2000 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR 2100 Private hospital/clinic 2110 Private hospital 2111 Private specialty hospital 2112 Private district hospital 2113 Private university hospital 2120 Private clinic 2121 Private polyclinic 2122 Private clinic 2200 Private pharmacy/dispensary/drug store 2210 Private pharmacy 2220 Private dispensary 2230 Private chemist/drug store 2231 Private chemist 2232 Private drug store 2240 Private mobile drug vendor 2300 Private doctor's office 2310 Qualified doctor 2320 Traditional/unqualified doctor 2330 Private practice 2331 Private care room 2332 Private infirmiry 2400 Private outreach 2410 Private mobile clinic 2420 Private health worker 2421 Private field worker 2422 Private community/village health worker 2423 Private community-based distributor 2424 Private paramedic 2425 Private hakim/homeopath 2426 Private traditional healer 2427 Private traditional birth attendant (TBA) 2428 Private nurse 2500 Private health center 2600 Private family planning clinic 2610 Injectables outlet 2700 Private maternity home 2900 Other private medical 2901 Tent 2902 VCT center 3000 NGO SECTOR 3100 NGO health facility 3110 Static clinic 3120 Satellite clinic 3130 Marie Stopes facility 3131 Banja la Mtsogolo (BLM) 3140 Red Cross facility 3150 UN Relief and Works Agency facility 3160 Adventist Development and Relief Agency (ADRA) 3170 Population Services International (PSI) 3200 NGO health worker 3210 Depot holder 3220 Field worker 3230 Community-based distributor 3300 Country-specific NGO 3301 Amo-Congo 3302 Clinical Services Improvement (CSI) 3303 Malawi AIDS Counselling and Resource Organization (MACRO) 3304 Myanmar Medical Association (MMA) 3305 United Mission to Nepal (UMN) 3900 Other NGO 4000 RELIGIOUS/MISSION 4100 Religious hospital/clinic 4110 Religious hospital 4111 Religious referral/specialty hospital 4112 Religious district hospital 4120 Religious clinic 4200 Religious health center/dispensary 4210 Religious health center 4211 Mosque health center 4212 Church health center 4220 Religious dispensary 4300 Religious outreach 4310 Religious health post 4320 Religious mobile clinic 4330 Religious health worker 4331 Religious field worker 4900 Other religious 5000 UNSPECIFIED MEDICAL SECTOR 5100 Pharmacy/dispensary 5110 Pharmacy 5120 Dispensary 5200 Outreach 5210 Mobile clinic 5220 Health worker 5221 Field worker 5222 Traditional healer 5223 Health educator 5224 Peer educators 5230 Outreach clinic 5900 Other unspecified medical sector 5901 Media campaign 6000 OTHER 6100 Shop/market 6110 Shop 6111 General dealer 6112 Supermarket/tuck shop 6113 Supermarket 6114 Tuck shop 6120 Market 6130 Kiosk 6140 Gas station 6150 Other retail 6200 Church/mosque 6300 Friend/relative 6310 Friend 6320 Relative 6321 Partner 6400 Bar/nightclub/hotel 6410 Bar/nightclub 6411 Bar 6420 Hotel 6500 Workplace 6510 Respondent's workplace 6520 Partner's workplace 6600 Informal channels 6610 Drug vendor 6620 Support group 6630 Women's sittings 6700 Location for adolescents 6710 Youth center 6720 School 6900 Other facility 6901 Refugee camp 6902 Charity/foundation 9994 Abroad 9995 Other 9996 Inconsistent 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently using a modern method of contraception, FPLASTSRCD (V326) reports the type of facility that was the source of the last contraceptive method used by the woman. Response categories vary across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Last source for FP for current users, standardized Last source for FP for current users, standardized Last source for FP for current users, standardized Last source for FP for current users, standardized Last source for FP for current users, standardized 318) CHECK 312: HE/SHE IS STERILIZED: Where did the sterilization take place? USES ANOTHER METHOD: Where did you obtain (METHOD) the last time? NAME OF PLACE: ___ PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL 11 MEDICAL CENTER 12 FAMILY HEALTH CENTER 13 MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER 14 DISPENSARY 15 MATERNITY WARD 16 PEOPLE'S PHARMACY 17 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE 21 CLINIC/HOSPITAL 22 PHARMACY 23 OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR RELATIVE 31 (GO TO 321) NEIGHBOR 32 (GO TO 321) OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 41(GO TO 321) DON'T KNOW 98 (GO TO 321) 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Missing 97 Don't know 07 Other 06 Church, Shop, friends, books 05 Private Pharmacy 04 Private Clin/Deliv 03 NGO 02 Govt Home/Comm delivery 01 Govt Clinic/Pharm For women using a modern method of contraception, FPLASTSRCS (V327) reports the type of facility that was the source of the last contraceptive method used by the woman. This variable was constructed by recoding country-specific responses into a few standard categories that are consistent across samples. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Easy or difficult to get to FP source Easy or difficult to get to FP source Easy or difficult to get to FP source Easy or difficult to get to FP source Easy or difficult to get to FP source 335) Is it easy or difficult to get there? EASY 1 DIFFICULT 2 1 Easy 2 Difficult 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (Not in universe) For women who know of a source where family planning can be obtained, FPSRCEASE (V383) indicates whether it is easy or difficult to get there. IPUMS Time to get to FP source Time to get to FP source Time to get to FP source Time to get to FP source Time to get to FP source 334) How long does it take to travel to your home to this place? IF LESS THAN 2 HOURS, RECORD MINUTES. OTHERWISE, RECORD HOURS. MINUTES: ___ 1 HOURS: ___ 2 DON'T KNOW 9998 1000 Less than 1 minute 1001 1 minute 1002 2 minutes 1003 3 minutes 1004 4 minutes 1005 5 minutes 1006 6 minutes 1007 7 minutes 1008 8 minutes 1009 9 minutes 1010 10 minutes 1011 11 minutes 1012 12 minutes 1013 13 minutes 1014 14 minutes 1015 15 minutes 1016 16 minutes 1017 17 minutes 1018 18 minutes 1019 19 minutes 1020 20 minutes 1021 21 minutes 1022 22 minutes 1023 23 minutes 1024 24 minutes 1025 25 minutes 1026 26 minutes 1027 27 minutes 1028 28 minutes 1029 29 minutes 1030 30 minutes 1031 31 minutes 1032 32 minutes 1033 33 minutes 1034 34 minutes 1035 35 minutes 1036 36 minutes 1037 37 minutes 1038 38 minutes 1039 39 minutes 1040 40 minutes 1041 41 minutes 1042 42 minutes 1043 43 minutes 1044 44 minutes 1045 45 minutes 1046 46 minutes 1047 47 minutes 1048 48 minutes 1049 49 minutes 1050 50 minutes 1051 51 minutes 1052 52 minutes 1053 53 minutes 1054 54 minutes 1055 55 minutes 1056 56 minutes 1057 57 minutes 1058 58 minutes 1059 59 minutes 1060 60 minutes 1061 61 minutes 1062 62 minutes 1063 63 minutes 1064 64 minutes 1065 65 minutes 1066 66 minutes 1067 67 minutes 1068 68 minutes 1069 69 minutes 1070 70 minutes 1071 71 minutes 1072 72 minutes 1073 73 minutes 1074 74 minutes 1075 75 minutes 1076 76 minutes 1077 77 minutes 1078 78 minutes 1079 79 minutes 1080 80 minutes 1081 81 minutes 1082 82 minutes 1083 83 minutes 1084 84 minutes 1085 85 minutes 1086 86 minutes 1087 87 minutes 1088 88 minutes 1089 89 minutes 1090 90 minutes 1091 91 minutes 1092 92 minutes 1093 93 minutes 1094 94 minutes 1095 95 minutes 1096 96 minutes 1097 97 minutes 1098 98 minutes 1099 99 minutes 1100 100 minutes 1101 101 minutes 1102 102 minutes 1103 103 minutes 1104 104 minutes 1105 105 minutes 1106 106 minutes 1107 107 minutes 1108 108 minutes 1109 109 minutes 1110 110 minutes 1111 111 minutes 1112 112 minutes 1113 113 minutes 1114 114 minutes 1115 115 minutes 1116 116 minutes 1117 117 minutes 1118 118 minutes 1119 119 minutes 1120 120 minutes 1121 121 minutes 1122 122 minutes 1123 123 minutes 1124 124 minutes 1125 125 minutes 1126 126 minutes 1127 127 minutes 1128 128 minutes 1129 129 minutes 1130 130 minutes 1131 131 minutes 1132 132 minutes 1133 133 minutes 1134 134 minutes 1135 135 minutes 1136 136 minutes 1137 137 minutes 1138 138 minutes 1139 139 minutes 1140 140 minutes 1141 141 minutes 1142 142 minutes 1143 143 minutes 1144 144 minutes 1145 145 minutes 1146 146 minutes 1147 147 minutes 1148 148 minutes 1149 149 minutes 1150 150 minutes 1151 151 minutes 1152 152 minutes 1153 153 minutes 1154 154 minutes 1155 155 minutes 1156 156 minutes 1157 157 minutes 1158 158 minutes 1159 159 minutes 1160 160 minutes 1161 161 minutes 1162 162 minutes 1163 163 minutes 1164 164 minutes 1165 165 minutes 1166 166 minutes 1167 167 minutes 1168 168 minutes 1169 169 minutes 1170 170 minutes 1171 171 minutes 1172 172 minutes 1173 173 minutes 1174 174 minutes 1175 175 minutes 1176 176 minutes 1177 177 minutes 1178 178 minutes 1179 179 minutes 1180 180 minutes 1181 181 minutes 1182 182 minutes 1183 183 minutes 1184 184 minutes 1185 185 minutes 1186 186 minutes 1187 187 minutes 1188 188 minutes 1189 189 minutes 1190 190 minutes 1191 191 minutes 1192 192 minutes 1193 193 minutes 1194 194 minutes 1195 195 minutes 1196 196 minutes 1197 197 minutes 1198 198 minutes 1199 199 minutes 1200 200 or more minutes 1999 Minutes, number missing 2000 Less than 1 hour 2001 1 hour 2002 2 hours 2003 3 hours 2004 4 hours 2005 5 hours 2006 6 hours 2007 7 hours 2008 8 hours 2009 9 hours 2010 10 hours 2011 11 hours 2012 12 hours 2013 13 hours 2014 14 hours 2015 15 hours 2016 16 hours 2017 17 hours 2018 18 hours 2019 19 hours 2020 20 hours 2021 21 hours 2022 22 hours 2023 23 hours 2024 24 hours 2025 25 hours 2026 26 hours 2027 27 hours 2028 28 hours 2029 29 hours 2030 30 hours 2031 31 hours 2032 32 hours 2033 33 hours 2034 34 hours 2035 35 hours 2036 36 hours 2037 37 hours 2038 38 hours 2039 39 hours 2040 40 hours 2041 41 hours 2042 42 hours 2043 43 hours 2044 44 hours 2045 45 hours 2046 46 hours 2047 47 hours 2048 48 hours 2049 49 hours 2050 50 hours 2051 51 hours 2052 52 hours 2053 53 hours 2054 54 hours 2055 55 hours 2056 56 hours 2057 57 hours 2058 58 hours 2059 59 hours 2060 60 hours 2061 61 hours 2062 62 hours 2063 63 hours 2064 64 hours 2065 65 hours 2066 66 hours 2067 67 hours 2068 68 hours 2069 69 hours 2070 70 hours 2071 71 hours 2072 72 hours 2073 73 hours 2074 74 hours 2075 75 hours 2076 76 hours 2077 77 hours 2078 78 hours 2079 79 hours 2080 80 hours 2081 81 hours 2082 82 hours 2083 83 hours 2084 84 hours 2085 85 hours 2086 86 hours 2087 87 hours 2088 88 hours 2089 89 hours 2090 90 hours 2091 91 hours 2092 92 hours 2093 93 hours 2094 94 hours 2095 95 hours 2096 96 hours 2097 97 hours 2098 98 hours 2099 99 hours 2100 100 hours or more 2999 Hours, number missing 3001 1 day 3002 2 days 3003 3 days 3004 4 days 3005 5 days 3999 Days, number missing 9995 Source comes to respondent 9996 No source known 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (Not in universe) For women who know of a source where contraception can be obtained, FPSRCTIME (V381) reports the amount of time it takes them to get there in minutes, hours, or days. The complementary variable FPSRCTIMEGP also reports the amount of time to get to the source of family planning, but that variable is top-coded at 120+ minutes. IPUMS Time to get to FP source (grouped) Time to get to FP source (grouped) Time to get to FP source (grouped) Time to get to FP source (grouped) Time to get to FP source (grouped) 334) How long does it take to travel to your home to this place? IF LESS THAN 2 HOURS, RECORD MINUTES. OTHERWISE, RECORD HOURS. MINUTES: ___ 1 HOURS: ___ 2 DON'T KNOW 9998 00 Mobile source 01 0 - 14 minutes 02 15 - 29 minutes 03 30 - 59 minutes 04 60 - 89 minutes 05 90 - 119 minutes 06 120 or more minutes 96 Don't know time 97 Don't know source 98 Missing 99 NIU (Not in universe) Like FPSRCTIME, for women who know of a source where contraception can be obtained, FPSRCTIMEGP (V382) reports the amount of time it takes to get to there, but the latter variable uses grouped intervals and is top-coded at 120+ minutes. IPUMS Cost of Pills Cost of Pills Cost of Pills Cost of Pills Cost of Pills 317) How much does one packet of pills cost you? RECORD PRICE. 317A) For how many cycles have you used this packet of pills? RECORD NUMBER OF CYCLES. COST: ___ FREE 9996 DON'T KNOW 9998 NUMBER OF CYCLES: ___ 000000 Free 999997 Don't know 999998 Missing 999999 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently using the Pill, FPPILLCOST (V325) reports the cost of a cycle of pills. IPUMS Brand of Pills currently used Brand of Pills currently used Brand of Pills currently used Brand of Pills currently used Brand of Pills currently used 316) Do you know the brand name of the pills that you are now using? STEDIRIL 01 MINIDRIL 02 MILLI ANOVLAR 03 EUGYNON 04 ADEPAL 05 MINIPHASE 06 LO-FEMENAL 07 EUGYNON 08 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 09 DON'T KNOW 98 4203 Emkit 3112 Triella 2215 TriNovum 2114 Stediril 1241 Rigevidon 1240 Brevinor 1239 Lusiaf 1129 Yasmin 1128 Triquilar 1127 Trinordial 2113 " 1242 NewFem 1000 LOW-DOSE PILLS 1100 International brands 1101 Adepal 1102 Choice 1103 Cilest 1104 Combination-3 1105 Confidence 1106 Diane 1107 Duofem 1108 Eugynon 1109 Famila 28 1110 Femicon 1111 Gracial 1112 Lo-femenal 1113 Logynon 1114 Marvelon 1115 Microgynon 1116 Minidril 1117 Miniphase 1118 Nordette 1119 Norminest 1120 Norquest 1121 Novodol 1122 Oralcon F 1123 Ortho-Novum 1124 Pilplan 1125 Planif 1126 Planyl 1200 Country-specific brands 1201 Nogestol 1202 Desolon 1203 Femipill 1204 Maya 1205 Noret-28 1206 Ovacon 1207 Shuki 1208 Harmonie (PSI) 1209 Varnoline 1210 Microcept 1211 Microvlar 1212 Triocept 1213 Trivolar 1214 Style/Trigestrel 1215 Secure 1216 Microlite 1217 Apsara 1218 Ecroz 1219 Mala-D 1220 Mala-N 1221 Novelon 1222 Ovral L 1223 Pearl 1224 Anteovin 1225 Belara 1226 Gracial 1227 Loestrin 1228 Mawelon 1229 Norimin 1230 Femiplan 1231 Conova 30 1232 Trigynon 1233 OK pills 1234 Sure 1235 Feminyl 1236 Nilocon White 1237 Sunaulo Gulaf 1900 Unspecified low-dose pills 2000 HIGH-DOSE PILLS 2100 International brands 2101 Anovlar 2102 Gynovlar 2103 Lyndiol 2104 Microgynon 30 ED 2105 Milli Anovlar 2106 Neogynon 2107 Neogynon ED 2108 Nordiol 2109 Norquentiel 2110 Ovidon 2111 Ovral 2112 Ovulen 50 2200 Country-specific brands 2201 Combination-5 2202 Lynes 2203 Ovostat 2204 Regumen 2205 Novell-duo 2206 Gynera 2207 Primovlar 2208 Duoluton-L 2209 Ovral G 2210 Progyluton 2211 Gynovlane 2212 Ovanon 2213 Ovidon 2214 Triphasit 2900 Unspecified high-dose pill 3000 PROGESTIN-ONLY PILLS 3100 International brands 3101 Exluton/Lynestrenol 3102 Femulen 3103 Microlut 3104 Micronor 3105 Micronovum 3106 Microval 3107 " 3108 Minovlar 3109 Noriday 3110 Ovrette 3111 Safe Plan 3200 Country-specific brands 3201 Bredicon 3202 Minicon 3203 Levonor 3204 Hyan 3205 I-plan 3206 Primolut N 3207 Cerazette 3208 Planor 3209 Softsure 4000 EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION 4100 International brands 4200 Country-specific brands 4201 Gravistal 4202 Postinor 4900 Unspecified emergency contraception 5000 NON-HORMONAL PILLS 5100 International brands 5200 Country-specific brands 5201 Centron 5202 Saheli 6000 UNSPECIFIED/UNKNOWN PILLS 6100 International brands 6101 Today (sponge) 6200 Country-specific brands 6201 Khoshi 6202 Aco 6203 Cotrablan 6204 Microvior 30 6205 Stero 6206 Blue 6207 Hot 6208 Kamal (foam) 6209 N/M tablets 6210 Nofian 6211 Period oil 6212 Sacharin 6213 Skill 6214 Moti 6215 Subitha 6216 Fingers 6217 Sutura 6218 Menstrogen (injection) 6219 Norvolain 6220 Flexi P 6221 Marutton 6900 Other unspecified/unknown pills 6901 Unspecified private brand 6902 Unspecified public brand 6903 Unspecified social marketing brand 9995 Other 9996 Not able to show 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently using the Pill, FPPILLBRAND (V323) reports the brand name of the Pill that the respondent currently uses. IPUMS Shown pill package Shown pill package Shown pill package Shown pill package Shown pill package 315) May I see the package of pills you are using now? STEDIRIL 01 (GO TO 317) MINIDRIL 02 (GO TO 317) MILLI ANOVLAR 03 (GO TO 317) EUGYNON 04 (GO TO 317) ADEPAL 05 (GO TO 317) MINIPHASE 06 (GO TO 317) LO-FEMENAL 07 (GO TO 317) EUGYNON 08 (GO TO 317) OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 09 (GO TO 317) BOX NOT SHOWN 10 Package not seen 1 Package seen 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who are currently using the Pill as a method of family planning, FPPILLPACK (V372) indicates whether the package of pills currently being used was seen by the interviewer. IPUMS Saw doctor or nurse last time got Pill Saw doctor or nurse last time got Pill Saw doctor or nurse last time got Pill Saw doctor or nurse last time got Pill Saw doctor or nurse last time got Pill 314) At the time you last got pills, did you consult a doctor or midwife? YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPLPILSAWDR (V374) indicates whether the woman consulted a doctor or other trained medical personnel when she last got a supply of the Pill. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Number living children at first use of FP (grouped) Number living children at first use of FP (grouped) Number living children at first use of FP (grouped) Number living children at first use of FP (grouped) Number living children at first use of FP (grouped) 308) Now I would like to speak to you about the time when you first did something or used a method to avoid getting pregnant. How many children did you have at that time? IF NONE, RECORD '00'. NUMBER OF CHILDREN: ___ 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4+ 7 Inconsistent number reported 8 Missing 9 Never used FP FP1STUSGPKID (V311) reports the number of living children, if any, the woman had when she first used a contraceptive method, with the number top-coded at 4+ children. FP1STUSLVKID reports responses to the same question, without top-coding the answers. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Number living children at first use of FP Number living children at first use of FP Number living children at first use of FP Number living children at first use of FP Number living children at first use of FP 308) Now I would like to speak to you about the time when you first did something or used a method to avoid getting pregnant. How many children did you have at that time? IF NONE, RECORD '00'. NUMBER OF CHILDREN: ___ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 96 Inconsistent 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FP1STUSLVKID (V310) reports the number of living children the woman had the first time she used a contraceptive method. The same information is also reported in FP1STUSGPKID, except responses are top-coded at 4+ children in that variable and women who have never used contraception are coded as "9." IPUMS Saw doctor or nurse for first use of Pill Saw doctor or nurse for first use of Pill Saw doctor or nurse for first use of Pill Saw doctor or nurse for first use of Pill Saw doctor or nurse for first use of Pill 313 At the time you first started using the pill, did you consult a doctor or a midwife? YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 7 Don't know 1 Yes No FP1PILSAWDR (V373) indicates whether the woman consulted a doctor or other trained medical personnel when she first started using the Pill. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS FP current use or future intention FP current use or future intention FP current use or future intention FP current use or future intention FP current use or future intention 1 Using modern method 2 Using traditional method 3 Non-user intending to use 4 Does not intend to use 9 NIU (not in universe) 5 Never had sex FPUSINTENT (V364) is a constructed variable drawing on responses to multiple survey questions that divides women into the following categories: those who are currently using a contraceptive method (either modern or traditional); those who are not now using contraception but intend to do so in the future; those who are neither using contraception now nor intend to do so in the future; and (in a minority of samples) those who never had sex. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review FPMETHNOW and FPUSPLAN for additional information on the variables used to construct FPUSINTENT. IPUMS Intention to use FP in future Intention to use FP in future Intention to use FP in future Intention to use FP in future Intention to use FP in future 326) Do you intend to use a method to avoid getting pregnant in the future? YES 1 (GO TO 328) NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 (GO TO 332) 10 Will use in future 11 Use in next 12 months 12 Use later 20 Unsure about future use 21 Unsure about timing 22 Unsure about use 30 Does not intend to use 40 Never had sex 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPUSPLAN (V362) is a constructed variable based on multiple survey questions that reports, for women not currently using contraception, whether the woman intends to use contraception in the future and, if so, when she intends to begin use (in the next 12 months or later). Women uncertain about future contraceptive use are subdivided into those who are unsure about using a method and those unsure about the timing of planned future use. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Preferred future FP method Preferred future FP method Preferred future FP method Preferred future FP method Preferred future FP method 329) When you eventually do use a method, which method would you prefer to use? PILL 01 IUD 02 INJECTIONS 03 DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL 04 CONDOM 05 FEMALE STERILIZATION 06 MALE STERILIZATION 07 PERIODIC ABSTINENCE 08 (GO TO 332) WITHDRAWAL 09 (GO TO 332) GRIS-GRIS 10 (GO TO 332) OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 11 (GO TO 332) UNSURE 98 (GO TO 332) 999 NIU (not in universe) 998 Missing 997 Inconsistent 304 Specific method 4 303 Specific method 3 302 Specific method 2 301 Specific method 1 300 Other method, unspecified 234 Traditional medications 233 Astrology 232 Gris-gris/amulet 231 Herbs 230 Other traditional/folkloric 220 Withdrawal 212 Abstinence 211 Periodic abstinence 210 Abstinence or periodic abstinence 200 TRADITIONAL METHODS 160 Whatever doctor prescribes 150 Other modern methods 140 Emergency contraception 131 Prolonged breastfeeding 130 Lactational amenorrhea (LAM) 126 Vaginal methods 125 Foaming tablets 124 Foam or jelly 123 Diaphragm/Jelly 122 Diaphragm/Foam 121 Diaphragm 120 Diaphragm/Foam/Jelly 108 Male sterilization 107 Female sterilization 106 Female condom 105 Condom 104 Norplant/implants 103 Injections 102 IUD 101 Pill 100 MODERN METHODS 213 CycleBeads/Standard days method 214 Mucus method (periodic abstinence) 235 Knotted cord/strings 236 Charm from traditional spiritual leader 996 Don't know For women not currently using a contraceptive method but intending to do so in the future, FPMETHFUTR (V363) reports the family planning method the woman would prefer to use. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. Answers are grouped under the broad categories of "modern methods," "traditional methods," and "other methods," each with a different first digit. Specific methods are distinguished by the second and third digits. Closely related responses, such as various groupings of diaphragm/foam/jelly, share the first 2 digits in common, while the third digit distinguishes the exact response category. IPUMS The source of the preferred method is the source the respondent believes the preferred method is available. The source of the preferred method is the source the respondent believes the preferred method is available. The source of the preferred method is the source the respondent believes the preferred method is available. The source of the preferred method is the source the respondent believes the preferred method is available. The source of the preferred method is the source the respondent believes the preferred method is available. 330) Where can you get (METHOD MENTIONED IN 329)? NAME OF PLACE: ___ PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL 11 (GO TO 334) MEDICAL CENTER 12(GO TO 334) FAMILY HEALTH CENTER 13(GO TO 334) MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER 14 (GO TO 334) DISPENSARY 15 (GO TO 334) MATERNITY WARD 16 (GO TO 334) PEOPLE'S PHARMACY 17 (GO TO 334) PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE 21 (GO TO 334) CLINIC/HOSPITAL 22 (GO TO 334) PHARMACY 23 (GO TO 334) OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR RELATIVE 31 (GO TO 336) NEIGHBOR 32 (GO TO 336) OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 41(GO TO 336) DON'T KNOW 98 (GO TO 332) 1000 PUBLIC SECTOR 1100 Government hospital 1110 Referral/specialty hospital 1120 Regional/provincial hospital 1130 Urban hospital 1140 District hospital 1150 Rural hospital 1160 Teaching hospital 1200 Government health center 1210 Urban health center 1220 Rural health center 1230 Family welfare center 1240 Primary health center 1300 Government family planning clinic 1400 Government pharmacy/dispensary 1410 Government pharmacy 1420 Government dispensary 1500 Government maternity home 1510 Maternal and child health (MCH) center 1600 Government outreach 1610 Government health post 1620 Government mobile clinic 1630 Government health worker 1631 Fieldworker 1632 Paramedic 1633 Doctor 1634 Community/village health worker 1900 Other public sector 1901 Health insurance organization 1902 Curative care organization 1903 Parastatal health facility 2000 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR 2100 Private hospital/clinic 2110 Private hospital 2120 Private clinic 2200 Private doctor 2210 Doctor/birth attendant 2300 Private pharmacy/dispensary 2310 Private pharmacy 2320 Private dispensary 2400 Private health center 2500 Private family planning clinic 2600 Private maternity home 2700 Private outreach 2710 Private mobile clinic 2720 Private health worker 2721 Nurse 2722 Fieldworker 2723 Community-based distribution agent (CBDA) 2900 Other private medical sector 3000 NGO FACILITY 3100 NGO health facility 3200 Country-specific NGOs 3201 CSI project 4000 RELIGIOUS/MISSION 4100 Religious hospital/clinic 4110 Religious hospital 4200 Religious dispensary 4300 Religious health center 4310 Mosque health center 4320 Church health center 5000 OTHER 5100 Relative/friend 5200 Shop 5300 Church 5400 Traditional birth attendant 5500 Workplace 9995 Other 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For women who are not currently using contraception but intend to use a modern method in the future, FPSRCFUTR (V377) reports the intended source for their preferred future method. The related variable FPSRCFUTRS (V378) reports the intended source for their preferred future method, in standardized response categories. IPUMS Source of preferred future FP method, standardized Source of preferred future FP method, standardized Source of preferred future FP method, standardized Source of preferred future FP method, standardized Source of preferred future FP method, standardized 330) Where can you get (METHOD MENTIONED IN 329)? NAME OF PLACE: ___ PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL 11 (GO TO 334) MEDICAL CENTER 12(GO TO 334) FAMILY HEALTH CENTER 13(GO TO 334) MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER 14 (GO TO 334) DISPENSARY 15 (GO TO 334) MATERNITY WARD 16 (GO TO 334) PEOPLE'S PHARMACY 17 (GO TO 334) PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE 21 (GO TO 334) CLINIC/HOSPITAL 22 (GO TO 334) PHARMACY 23 (GO TO 334) OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR RELATIVE 31 (GO TO 336) NEIGHBOR 32 (GO TO 336) OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 41(GO TO 336) DON'T KNOW 98 (GO TO 332) 99 NIU (not in universe) 98 Missing 97 Don't know 07 Other 06 Shop, church, friend, books 05 Private Pharmacy 04 Private Clin/Deliv 03 NGO 02 Got Home/Comm delivery 01 Govt Clinical/Pharm For women who plan to use a modern contraceptive method in the future, FPSRCFUTRS (V378) reports the intended source for their preferred future method. This variable was constructed by recoding country-specific responses into standard categories that are consistent across samples. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Ever use any type of FP (folk, traditional, modern) Ever use any type of FP (folk, traditional, modern) Ever use any type of FP (folk, traditional, modern) Ever use any type of FP (folk, traditional, modern) Ever use any type of FP (folk, traditional, modern) 303) Have you ever used (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM Have you ever had a partner who used a condom? YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Have you had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Have you ever had a partner who had an operation to avoid having more children? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE YES 1 NO 2 09. WITHDRAWAL YES 1 NO 2 10. GRIS-GRIS YES 1 NO 2 11. OTHER METHODS YES 1 NO 2 YES 1 NO 2 00 Never used 10 Used only traditional or folkloric method 11 Used only traditional method 12 Used only folkloric method 20 Used modern method FPEVUSE (V302) is a constructed variable that reports whether the woman had ever used a family planning method and, if so, whether she had used a modern contraceptive method or only a traditional or folkloric method. In the DHS, modern methods are pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. IPUMS Ever use Pill for FP Ever use Pill for FP Ever use Pill for FP Ever use Pill for FP Ever use Pill for FP 303) Have you ever used (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM Have you ever had a partner who used a condom? YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Have you had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Have you ever had a partner who had an operation to avoid having more children? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE YES 1 NO 2 09. WITHDRAWAL YES 1 NO 2 10. GRIS-GRIS YES 1 NO 2 11. OTHER METHODS YES 1 NO 2 YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPEVUSPILL (V305_01) indicates whether the woman has ever used the pill to delay or avoid a pregnancy. IPUMS Ever use IUD for FP Ever use IUD for FP Ever use IUD for FP Ever use IUD for FP Ever use IUD for FP 303) Have you ever used (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM Have you ever had a partner who used a condom? YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Have you had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Have you ever had a partner who had an operation to avoid having more children? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE YES 1 NO 2 09. WITHDRAWAL YES 1 NO 2 10. GRIS-GRIS YES 1 NO 2 11. OTHER METHODS YES 1 NO 2 YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPEVUSIUD (V305_02) indicates whether the woman had ever used an IUD to delay or avoid a pregnancy. IPUMS Ever use injectable for FP Ever use injectable for FP Ever use injectable for FP Ever use injectable for FP Ever use injectable for FP 303) Have you ever used (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM Have you ever had a partner who used a condom? YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Have you had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Have you ever had a partner who had an operation to avoid having more children? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE YES 1 NO 2 09. WITHDRAWAL YES 1 NO 2 10. GRIS-GRIS YES 1 NO 2 11. OTHER METHODS YES 1 NO 2 YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPEVUSINJ (V305_03) indicates whether the woman has ever used injectable contraception to delay or avoid a pregnancy. IPUMS Ever use diaphragm for FP Ever use diaphragm for FP Ever use diaphragm for FP Ever use diaphragm for FP Ever use diaphragm for FP 303) Have you ever used (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM Have you ever had a partner who used a condom? YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Have you had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Have you ever had a partner who had an operation to avoid having more children? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE YES 1 NO 2 09. WITHDRAWAL YES 1 NO 2 10. GRIS-GRIS YES 1 NO 2 11. OTHER METHODS YES 1 NO 2 YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPEVUSDIA (V305_04) indicates whether the woman had ever used the diaphragm (sometimes explicitly in conjunction with foam or jelly) to delay or avoid a pregnancy. See Comparability. IPUMS Ever use condom for FP Ever use condom for FP Ever use condom for FP Ever use condom for FP Ever use condom for FP 303) Have you ever used (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM Have you ever had a partner who used a condom? YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Have you had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Have you ever had a partner who had an operation to avoid having more children? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE YES 1 NO 2 09. WITHDRAWAL YES 1 NO 2 10. GRIS-GRIS YES 1 NO 2 11. OTHER METHODS YES 1 NO 2 YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPEVUSCON (V305_05) indicates whether the woman had ever used the male condom to delay or avoid a pregnancy. IPUMS Ever use female sterilization for FP Ever use female sterilization for FP Ever use female sterilization for FP Ever use female sterilization for FP Ever use female sterilization for FP 303) Have you ever used (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM Have you ever had a partner who used a condom? YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Have you had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Have you ever had a partner who had an operation to avoid having more children? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE YES 1 NO 2 09. WITHDRAWAL YES 1 NO 2 10. GRIS-GRIS YES 1 NO 2 11. OTHER METHODS YES 1 NO 2 YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPEVUSFST (V305_06) indicates whether the woman had ever used female sterilization to delay or avoid a pregnancy. IPUMS Ever use withdrawal for FP Ever use withdrawal for FP Ever use withdrawal for FP Ever use withdrawal for FP Ever use withdrawal for FP 303) Have you ever used (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM Have you ever had a partner who used a condom? YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Have you had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Have you ever had a partner who had an operation to avoid having more children? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE YES 1 NO 2 09. WITHDRAWAL YES 1 NO 2 10. GRIS-GRIS YES 1 NO 2 11. OTHER METHODS YES 1 NO 2 YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPEVUSWD (V305_09) indicates whether the woman has ever used withdrawal to delay or avoid a pregnancy. IPUMS Ever use rhythm for FP Ever use rhythm for FP Ever use rhythm for FP Ever use rhythm for FP Ever use rhythm for FP 303) Have you ever used (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM Have you ever had a partner who used a condom? YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Have you had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Have you ever had a partner who had an operation to avoid having more children? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE YES 1 NO 2 09. WITHDRAWAL YES 1 NO 2 10. GRIS-GRIS YES 1 NO 2 11. OTHER METHODS YES 1 NO 2 YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPEVUSRHY (V305_08) indicates whether the woman had ever used rhythm (periodic abstinence) to delay or avoid a pregnancy. IPUMS Ever use male sterilization for FP Ever use male sterilization for FP Ever use male sterilization for FP Ever use male sterilization for FP Ever use male sterilization for FP 303) Have you ever used (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM Have you ever had a partner who used a condom? YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Have you had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Have you ever had a partner who had an operation to avoid having more children? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE YES 1 NO 2 09. WITHDRAWAL YES 1 NO 2 10. GRIS-GRIS YES 1 NO 2 11. OTHER METHODS YES 1 NO 2 YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPEVUSMST (V305_07) indicates whether the woman had ever used male sterilization to delay or avoid a pregnancy. IPUMS Ever use charms or amulets for FP Ever use charms or amulets for FP Ever use charms or amulets for FP Ever use charms or amulets for FP Ever use charms or amulets for FP 303) Have you ever used (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM Have you ever had a partner who used a condom? YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Have you had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Have you ever had a partner who had an operation to avoid having more children? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE YES 1 NO 2 09. WITHDRAWAL YES 1 NO 2 10. GRIS-GRIS YES 1 NO 2 11. OTHER METHODS YES 1 NO 2 YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPEVUSCHARM indicates whether the woman had ever used charms or amulets to delay or avoid a pregnancy. The complementary variable FPKNOCHARM indicates whether the woman knew about using charms or amulets as a method for family planning. IPUMS Ever use religion for FP Ever use religion for FP Ever use religion for FP Ever use religion for FP Ever use religion for FP 303) Have you ever used (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM Have you ever had a partner who used a condom? YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Have you had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Have you ever had a partner who had an operation to avoid having more children? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE YES 1 NO 2 09. WITHDRAWAL YES 1 NO 2 10. GRIS-GRIS YES 1 NO 2 11. OTHER METHODS YES 1 NO 2 YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPEVUSRELIG indicates whether the woman had ever used religion, such as a religious holy person or holy book, to delay or avoid a pregnancy. IPUMS Ever use other methods for FP Ever use other methods for FP Ever use other methods for FP Ever use other methods for FP Ever use other methods for FP 303) Have you ever used (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM Have you ever had a partner who used a condom? YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Have you had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Have you ever had a partner who had an operation to avoid having more children? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE YES 1 NO 2 09. WITHDRAWAL YES 1 NO 2 10. GRIS-GRIS YES 1 NO 2 11. OTHER METHODS YES 1 NO 2 YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPEVUSOM (V305_10) indicates whether the woman has ever used other methods to delay or avoid a pregnancy. IPUMS Thinks would have sterilization again Thinks would have sterilization again Thinks would have sterilization again Thinks would have sterilization again Thinks would have sterilization again 607) Given your present circumstances, if you could do it all over again, do you think you/your husband would make the same decision to not have any more children? YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who have been sterilized or whose partners have been sterilized, FPSTERAGN (V619) indicates whether they (or their partners) would choose to have the operation if given the chance to do it over again. IPUMS Reason regrets sterilization Reason regrets sterilization Reason regrets sterilization Reason regrets sterilization Reason regrets sterilization 609) Why do you regret it? RESPONDENT WANTS ANOTHER CHILD 1 (GO TO 614) PARTNER WANTS ANOTHER CHILD 2 1 (GO TO 614) SIDE EFFECTS 3 (GO TO 614) OTHER REASON (SPECIFY): ___ 4 (GO TO 614) 00 No regret 01 Respondent wants a(nother) child 02 Partner wants a(nother) child 03 Side effects 04 Child died 05 Marital status changed 06 Operation failed 95 Other reason 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who have been sterilized or whose partners have been sterilized, FPSTERREG (V618) reports the reason (if any) they regret getting sterilized. IPUMS Age at sterilization (grouped) Age at sterilization (grouped) Age at sterilization (grouped) Age at sterilization (grouped) Age at sterilization (grouped) 322) In what month and year was the sterilization operation performed? MONTH: ___ (GO TO 336) YEAR: ___ (GO TO 336) 7 50 - 54 years old 1 Less than 25 years old 2 25 - 29 years old 3 30 - 34 years old 4 35 - 39 years old 5 40 - 44 years old 6 45 - 49 years old 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who have been sterilized or whose partners have been sterilized, FPSTERILAGE (V320) reports their age at the time of their sterilization operation. IPUMS Parity at sterilization Parity at sterilization Parity at sterilization Parity at sterilization Parity at sterilization 322) In what month and year was the sterilization operation performed? MONTH: ___ (GO TO 336) YEAR: ___ (GO TO 336) 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 or more 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who have been sterilized or whose partners have been sterilized, FPSTERILPAR (V322) reports the parity of the women at the time of their sterilization, top-coded at 5+ children. IPUMS Marital duration at time of sterilization Marital duration at time of sterilization Marital duration at time of sterilization Marital duration at time of sterilization Marital duration at time of sterilization 322) In what month and year was the sterilization operation performed? MONTH: ___ (GO TO 336) YEAR: ___ (GO TO 336) Single, before marriage 1 0 - 4 years 2 5 - 9 years 3 10 - 14 years 4 15 - 19 years 5 20 - 24 years 6 25 - 29 years 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who have been sterilized or whose partners have been sterilized, FPSTERMARDUR (V321) reports, in 5-year groups, the women's marital duration at the time of their sterilization. IPUMS Years since sterilization Years since sterilization Years since sterilization Years since sterilization Years since sterilization 322) In what month and year was the sterilization operation performed? MONTH: ___ (GO TO 336) YEAR: ___ (GO TO 336) 1 Less than 2 years 2 2 - 3 years 3 4 - 5 years 4 6 - 7 years 5 8 - 9 years 6 10 or more years 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who have been sterilized or whose partners have been sterilized, FPSTERYRAGO (V319) reports the number of years since their sterilization operation, using 2-year groups, top-coded at 10+ years. IPUMS Date when sterilized (CMC) Date when sterilized (CMC) Date when sterilized (CMC) Date when sterilized (CMC) Date when sterilized (CMC) 322) In what month and year was the sterilization operation performed? MONTH: ___ (GO TO 336) YEAR: ___ (GO TO 336) 9999 NIU (not in universe) For women who have been sterilized or whose partners have been sterilized, FPSTERILDTCMC reports the century month code (CMC) for the date of their sterilization. IPUMS Month of sterilization Month of sterilization Month of sterilization Month of sterilization Month of sterilization 322) In what month and year was the sterilization operation performed? MONTH: ___ (GO TO 336) YEAR: ___ (GO TO 336) 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who have been sterilized or whose partners have been sterilized, FPSTERILMO reports the calendar month of their sterilization. The calendar year of their sterilization is reported in FPSTERILYR. IPUMS Year when sterilized Year when sterilized Year when sterilized Year when sterilized Year when sterilized 322) In what month and year was the sterilization operation performed? MONTH: ___ (GO TO 336) YEAR: ___ (GO TO 336) 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 9999 NIU (not in universe) 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 For women who have been sterilized or whose partners have been sterilized, FPSTERILYR reports the calendar year of their sterilization. The calendar month of their sterilization is reported in FPSTERILMO. IPUMS Completeness of information - date of sterilization Completeness of information - date of sterilization Completeness of information - date of sterilization Completeness of information - date of sterilization Completeness of information - date of sterilization 322) In what month and year was the sterilization operation performed? MONTH: ___ (GO TO 336) YEAR: ___ (GO TO 336) 1 Month and year given 5 Month imputed, year given 6 Month given, year imputed (date placed) 7 No information given (date placed) 8 From calendar 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who have been sterilized or whose partners have been sterilized, FPSTERCOMP reports the completeness of information about the date of their sterilization. IPUMS Heard FP message on radio Heard FP message on radio Heard FP message on radio Heard FP message on radio Heard FP message on radio 336) In the past month, have you heard a message about family planning on: The radio? The television? RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, only once 12 Yes, more than once 98 Missing 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) FPRADIOHR (V384A) indicates whether the woman heard family planning message(s) on the radio in the last few months. Some samples specify other periods of time. See Comparability. IPUMS Heard FP message on TV recently Heard FP message on TV recently Heard FP message on TV recently Heard FP message on TV recently Heard FP message on TV recently 336) In the past month, have you heard a message about family planning on: The radio? The television? RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTVHR (V384B) indicates whether the woman heard family planning message(s) on television in the last few months. Some samples specify other periods of time. See Comparability. IPUMS Acceptability of FP message on radio or TV Acceptability of FP message on radio or TV Acceptability of FP message on radio or TV Acceptability of FP message on radio or TV Acceptability of FP message on radio or TV 337) Do you find it acceptable or not that information about family planning is provided on the radio and in newspapers? ACCEPTABLE 1 NOT ACCEPTABLE 2 DON'T KNOW 8 Not acceptable 1 Acceptable 7 Don't know 8 Missing FPMEDIAOK (V366) indicates whether the woman considered family planning messages on radio or television to be acceptable or unacceptable. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. IPUMS Know source for modern FP method Know source for modern FP method Know source for modern FP method Know source for modern FP method Know source for modern FP method 304) Do you know where a person could go to get (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Do you know where a person can obtain advice on how to use periodic abstinence? YES 1 NO 2 Doesn't know source 1 Knows source for modern method FPKNOMODSRC (V303) indicates whether the woman knew of source from which she believed she could obtain a modern method of family planning. Whether the source existed and whether it could supply the method was not verified. In the DHS, the following family planning methods are considered modern methods: Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. IPUMS Know source of information for condom: Yes or no Know source of information for condom: Yes or no Know source of information for condom: Yes or no Know source of information for condom: Yes or no Know source of information for condom: Yes or no 304) Do you know where a person could go to get (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Do you know where a person can obtain advice on how to use periodic abstinence? YES 1 NO 2 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 1 Yes No 7 Not asked FPKNOSRCCON (V306_05) is a dichotomous variable indicating whether the woman knew a place someone could go to get a male condom to delay or avoid pregnancy. IPUMS Know source of information for diaphragm: Yes or no Know source of information for diaphragm: Yes or no Know source of information for diaphragm: Yes or no Know source of information for diaphragm: Yes or no Know source of information for diaphragm: Yes or no 304) Do you know where a person could go to get (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Do you know where a person can obtain advice on how to use periodic abstinence? YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 7 Not asked 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOSRCDIA (V306_04) is a dichotomous variable indicating whether the woman knew a place someone could go to get a diaphragm/foam/jelly to delay or avoid pregnancy. IPUMS Know source of information for female sterilization: Yes or no Know source of information for female sterilization: Yes or no Know source of information for female sterilization: Yes or no Know source of information for female sterilization: Yes or no Know source of information for female sterilization: Yes or no 304) Do you know where a person could go to get (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Do you know where a person can obtain advice on how to use periodic abstinence? YES 1 NO 2 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 1 Yes No 7 Not asked FPKNOSRCFST (V306_06) is a dichotomous variable indicating whether the woman knew a place someone could go to get female sterilization to delay or avoid pregnancy. IPUMS Know source of information for injectable contraception: Yes or no Know source of information for injectable contraception: Yes or no Know source of information for injectable contraception: Yes or no Know source of information for injectable contraception: Yes or no Know source of information for injectable contraception: Yes or no 304) Do you know where a person could go to get (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Do you know where a person can obtain advice on how to use periodic abstinence? YES 1 NO 2 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 1 Yes No 7 Not asked FPKNOSRCINJ (V306_03) is a dichotomous variable indicating whether the woman knew a place someone could go to get injectable contraception to delay or avoid pregnancy. IPUMS Know source of information for IUD: Yes or no Know source of information for IUD: Yes or no Know source of information for IUD: Yes or no Know source of information for IUD: Yes or no Know source of information for IUD: Yes or no 304) Do you know where a person could go to get (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Do you know where a person can obtain advice on how to use periodic abstinence? YES 1 NO 2 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 1 Yes No 7 Not asked FPKNOSRCIUD (V306_02) is a dichotomous variable indicating whether the woman knew a place someone could go to get an IUD to delay or avoid pregnancy. IPUMS Know source of information for male sterilization: Yes or no Know source of information for male sterilization: Yes or no Know source of information for male sterilization: Yes or no Know source of information for male sterilization: Yes or no Know source of information for male sterilization: Yes or no 304) Do you know where a person could go to get (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Do you know where a person can obtain advice on how to use periodic abstinence? YES 1 NO 2 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 1 Yes No 7 Not asked FPKNOSRCMST (V306_07) is a dichotomous variable indicating whether the woman knew a place someone could go to get male sterilization to delay or avoid pregnancy. IPUMS Know source of information for Pill: Yes or no Know source of information for Pill: Yes or no Know source of information for Pill: Yes or no Know source of information for Pill: Yes or no Know source of information for Pill: Yes or no 304) Do you know where a person could go to get (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Do you know where a person can obtain advice on how to use periodic abstinence? YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOSRCPIL (V306_01) is a dichotomous variable indicating whether the woman knew a place someone could go to get the Pill to delay or avoid pregnancy. IPUMS Know source of information for rhythm: Yes or no Know source of information for rhythm: Yes or no Know source of information for rhythm: Yes or no Know source of information for rhythm: Yes or no Know source of information for rhythm: Yes or no 304) Do you know where a person could go to get (METHOD)? 01. PILL YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION Do you know where a person can go to undergo sterilization? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Do you know where a person can obtain advice on how to use periodic abstinence? YES 1 NO 2 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 1 Yes No 7 Not asked FPKNOSRCRHY (V306_08) is a dichotomous variable indicating whether the woman knew a place someone could go to learn about rhythm (periodic abstinence) to delay or avoid pregnancy. IPUMS Why not intend to use FP in future Why not intend to use FP in future Why not intend to use FP in future Why not intend to use FP in future Why not intend to use FP in future 327) What is the main reason you do not intend to use a method? WANTS CHILDREN 01 (GO TO 332) LACK OF INFORMATION 02(GO TO 332) PARTNER DISAPPROVES 03(GO TO 332) COST TOO MUCH 04 (GO TO 332) SIDE EFFECTS 05 (GO TO 332) HEALTH PROBLEMS 06 (GO TO 332) HARD TO GET METHODS 07(GO TO 332) RELIGION 08(GO TO 332) OPPOSED TO FAMILY PLANNING 09(GO TO 332) FATALIST 10(GO TO 332) OTHER PEOPLE OPPOSED 11(GO TO 332) INFREQUENT SEX 12(GO TO 332) DIFFICULT TO GET PREGNANT 13 (GO TO 332) MENOPAUSAL/HAD HYSTERECTOMY 14 (GO TO 332) INCONVENIENT 15 (GO TO 332) UNMARRIED 16 (GO TO 332) OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 17 (GO TO 332) DON'T KNOW 98 (GO TO 332) 10 NOT MARRIED 11 Not married 12 Not intending to marry 13 Inconsistent says not married 20 OTHER LOW FERTILITY RISK 21 Not having sex 22 Infrequent sex 23 Menopausal or hysterectomy 24 Subfecund, infecund 25 Postpartum, breastfeeding 26 Husband ill or subfecund 30 WANTS CHILDREN 31 Wants more children 32 Wants son 33 Wants daughter 34 Fatalistic 35 Wants as many children as possible 40 OPPOSITION TO USE 41 Respondent opposed 42 Husband opposed/makes decision on FP 43 Others opposed 44 Religious prohibition 45 Cultural taboos 46 Rumors 50 LACK OF KNOWLEDGE 51 Knows no method 52 Knows no source 60 METHOD-RELATED 61 Health concerns 62 Fear side effects 63 Lack of access 64 Cost too much 65 Inconvenient to use 66 Interfere with body 67 Sterilization concerns 70 OTHER 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women not now using a contraceptive method and not intending to do so in the future, FPYNOTFUS (V376) reports the reason the woman doesn't intend to use family planning in the future. When children are chosen as the unit of analysis, the woman respondent indicates the mother of the child. Responses are grouped into the following broad categories, each with a different first digit: not married, other low fertility risk, wants children, opposition to use, lack of knowledge, method-related, and other. Specific responses within these categories are distinguished by the second digit of the codes. IPUMS Type of method: Pill Type of method: Pill Type of method: Pill Type of method: Pill Type of method: Pill 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 9 NIU (not in universe) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method FPTYPPILL (V304A_01) reports whether the Pill is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. Additionally, while FPTYPPILL (V304A_01) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: IUD Type of method: IUD Type of method: IUD Type of method: IUD Type of method: IUD 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 9 NIU (not in universe) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method FPTYPIUD (V304A_02) reports whether the intrauterine device (IUD) is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. Additionally, while FPTYPIUD (V304A_02) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Injectables Type of method: Injectables Type of method: Injectables Type of method: Injectables Type of method: Injectables 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 9 NIU (not in universe) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method FPTYPINJ (V304A_03) reports whether injectable contraception is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. Additionally, while FPTYPINJ (V304A_03) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Diaphragm Type of method: Diaphragm Type of method: Diaphragm Type of method: Diaphragm Type of method: Diaphragm 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPDIA (V304A_04) reports whether diaphragm or spermicides, such as foam or jelly, is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. Some phases combine diaphragm and spermicides in the response and some are separate; see Comparability. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. In some cases, however, there are exceptions to this organization; see Comparability. Additionally, while FPTYPDIA (V304A_04) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Condom Type of method: Condom Type of method: Condom Type of method: Condom Type of method: Condom 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 9 NIU (not in universe) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method FPTYPCON (V304A_05) reports whether the male condom is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. Additionally, while FPTYPCON (V304A_05) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Female sterilization Type of method: Female sterilization Type of method: Female sterilization Type of method: Female sterilization Type of method: Female sterilization 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 9 NIU (not in universe) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method FPTYPFST (V304A_06) reports whether female sterilization is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. Additionally, while FPTYPFST (V304A_06) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Male sterilization Type of method: Male sterilization Type of method: Male sterilization Type of method: Male sterilization Type of method: Male sterilization 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 9 NIU (not in universe) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method FPTYPMST (V304A_07) reports whether male sterilization is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. Additionally, while FPTYPMST (V304A_07) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Rhythm method Type of method: Rhythm method Type of method: Rhythm method Type of method: Rhythm method Type of method: Rhythm method 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPRHY (V304A_08) reports whether the rhythm method (periodic abstinence) is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the standard DHS recode manuals, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. In some cases, however, there are exceptions to this organization; see Comparability. Additionally, while FPTYPRHY (V304A_08) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Withdrawal Type of method: Withdrawal Type of method: Withdrawal Type of method: Withdrawal Type of method: Withdrawal 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPWD (V304A_09) reports whether withdrawal is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the standard DHS recode manuals, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. In some cases, however, there are exceptions to this organization; see Comparability. Additionally, while FPTYPWD (V304A_09) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Charms or amulets Type of method: Charms or amulets Type of method: Charms or amulets Type of method: Charms or amulets Type of method: Charms or amulets 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method FPTYPCHARM reports whether a charm or amulet is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. In some cases, however, there are exceptions to this organization; see Comparability. Additionally, while FPTYPCHARM and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Religion (Marabout or coran) Type of method: Religion (Marabout or coran) Type of method: Religion (Marabout or coran) Type of method: Religion (Marabout or coran) Type of method: Religion (Marabout or coran) 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method FPTYPRELIG reports whether the use of religion, such as a religious holy person or holy book, is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the standard DHS recode manuals, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. In some cases, however, there are exceptions to this organization; see Comparability. Additionally, while FPTYPRELIG and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Other method Type of method: Other method Type of method: Other method Type of method: Other method Type of method: Other method 302) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD. 01. PILL Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus . YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL Men can be careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPOM (V304A_10) reports whether any "other" method reported by the woman is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. The meaning of "other" depends on the specific response categories included in a given sample. In the DHS in general, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. Additionally, while FPTYPOM (V304A_10) and the other "FPTYP" variables report whether a specific method is considered to be modern, traditional, or folkloric method in a given sample, IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOW (V313), which indicates whether the woman's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Number of times discussed FP with partner in past year Number of times discussed FP with partner in past year Number of times discussed FP with partner in past year Number of times discussed FP with partner in past year Number of times discussed FP with partner in past year 611) How often have you talked to your husband/partner about this subject in the last 12 months? NEVER 1 ONCE OR TWICE 2 MORE OFTEN 3 Never 1 Once or twice 2 More often 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) 7 Don't know FPTALKHUSNO (V611) reports the number of the times the woman has recently discussed family planning with her husband/partner. IPUMS Time since last intercourse Time since last intercourse Time since last intercourse Time since last intercourse Time since last intercourse 516) When was the last time you had sexual intercourse? DAYS: ___ 1 WEEKS: ___ 2 MONTHS: ___ 3 YEARS: ___ 4 BEFORE LAST BIRTH 996 154 54 days 153 53 days 152 52 days 151 51 days 150 50 days 149 49 days 148 48 days 147 47 days 146 46 days 145 45 days 144 44 days 143 43 days 142 42 days 141 41 days 140 40 days 139 39 days 138 38 days 137 37 days 136 36 days 135 35 days 134 34 days 133 33 days 132 32 days 131 31 days 130 30 days 129 29 days 128 28 days 127 27 days 126 26 days 125 25 days 124 24 days 123 23 days 122 22 days 121 21 days 120 20 days 119 19 days 118 18 days 117 17 days 116 16 days 115 15 days 114 14 days 113 13 days 112 12 days 111 11 days 110 10 days 109 9 days 108 8 days 107 7 days 106 6 days 105 5 days 104 4 days 103 3 days 102 2 days 101 1 day 100 Less than 1 day ago 155 55 days 156 56 days 157 57 days 158 58 days 159 59 days 160 60 days 161 61 days 162 62 days 163 63 days 164 64 days 165 65 days 166 66 days 167 67 days 168 68 days 169 69 days 170 70 days 171 71 days 172 72 days 173 73 days 174 74 days 175 75 days 176 76 days 177 77 days 178 78 days 179 79 days 180 80 days 181 81 days 182 82 days 183 83 days 184 84 days 185 85 days 186 86 days 187 87 days 188 88 days 189 89 days 190 90 days 191 91 days 192 92 days 193 93 days 194 94 days 195 95 days 196 96 days 197 97 days 198 Days, number inconsistent 199 Days, number missing 200 WEEKS 201 1 week 202 2 weeks 203 3 weeks 204 4 weeks 205 5 weeks 206 6 weeks 207 7 weeks 208 8 weeks 209 9 weeks 210 10 weeks 211 11 weeks 212 12 weeks 213 13 weeks 214 14 weeks 215 15 weeks 216 16 weeks 217 17 weeks 218 18 weeks 219 19 weeks 220 20 weeks 221 21 weeks 222 22 weeks 223 23 weeks 224 24 weeks 225 25 weeks 226 26 weeks 227 27 weeks 228 28 weeks 229 29 weeks 230 30 weeks 231 31 weeks 232 32 weeks 233 33 weeks 234 34 weeks 235 35 weeks 236 36 weeks 237 37 weeks 238 38 weeks 239 39 weeks 240 40 weeks 241 41 weeks 242 42 weeks 243 43 weeks 244 44 weeks 245 45 weeks 246 46 weeks 247 47 weeks 248 48 weeks 249 49 weeks 250 50 weeks 251 51 weeks 252 52 weeks 298 Weeks, inconsistent 299 Weeks, number missing 300 MONTHS 301 1 month 302 2 months 303 3 months 304 4 months 305 5 months 306 6 months 307 7 months 308 8 months 309 9 months 310 10 months 311 11 months 312 12 months 313 13 months 314 14 months 315 15 months 316 16 months 317 17 months 318 18 months 319 19 months 320 20 months 321 21 months 322 22 months 323 23 months 324 24 months 325 25 months 326 26 months 327 27 months 328 28 months 329 29 months 330 30 months 331 31 months 332 32 months 333 33 months 334 34 months 335 35 months 336 36 months 337 37 months 338 38 months 339 39 months 340 40 months 341 41 months 342 42 months 343 43 months 344 44 months 345 45 months 346 46 months 347 47 months 348 48 months 349 49 months 350 50 months 351 51 months 352 52 months 353 53 months 354 54 months 355 55 months 356 56 months 357 57 months 358 58 months 359 59 months 360 60 months 361 61 months 362 62 months 363 63 months 364 64 months 365 65 months 366 66 months 367 67 months 368 68 months 369 69 months 370 70 months 371 71 months 372 72 months 373 73 months 374 74 months 375 75 months 376 76 months 377 77 months 378 78 months 379 79 months 380 80 months 381 81 months 382 82 months 383 83 months 384 84 months 385 85 months 386 86 months 387 87 months 388 88 months 389 89 months 390 90 months 391 91 months 392 92 months 393 93 months 394 94 months 395 95 months 396 96 months 397 97 months 398 Months, inconsistent 399 Months, number missing 400 YEARS 401 1 year 402 2 years 403 3 years 404 4 years 405 5 years 406 6 years 407 7 years 408 8 years 409 9 years 410 10 years 411 11 years 412 12 years 413 13 years 414 14 years 415 15 years 416 16 years 417 17 years 418 18 years 419 19 years 420 20 years 421 21 years 422 22 years 423 23 years 424 24 years 425 25 years 426 26 years 427 27 years 428 28 years 429 29 years 430 30 years 431 31 years 432 32 years 433 33 years 434 34 years 435 35 years 436 36 years 437 37 years 438 38 years 439 39 years 440 40 years 441 41 years 442 42 years 443 43 years 444 44 years 445 45 years 448 48 years 449 49 years 450 50+ years 499 Years, number missing 993 With former husband 994 Within last 4 weeks 995 Before last birth 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) 446 46 years 447 47 years TIMESINCESEX (V527) reports how many days, weeks, months or years had passed since the woman had sexual intercourse with her most recent sexual partner. IPUMS Time since last intercourse in days Time since last intercourse in days Time since last intercourse in days Time since last intercourse in days Time since last intercourse in days 516) When was the last time you had sexual intercourse? DAYS: ___ 1 WEEKS: ___ 2 MONTHS: ___ 3 YEARS: ___ 4 BEFORE LAST BIRTH 996 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31+ days 92 Not married/no regular partner 93 Within last 4 weeks 94 Before last birth 95 With former husband 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) TIMESINCESEXD (V528) reports the number of days that have passed since the respondent last had sexual intercourse. Durations of more than 30 days are grouped into "31+." If the respondent reported having sexual intercourse in the last 4 weeks but replied that her last sexual intercourse was one month before the interview (in TIMESINCESEX (V527), this response is recoded to "30" in TIMESINCESEXD. In all other cases, a response of "One month" in TIMESINCESEX is coded as "31+." IPUMS Time since last intercourse in months (imputed) Time since last intercourse in months (imputed) Time since last intercourse in months (imputed) Time since last intercourse in months (imputed) Time since last intercourse in months (imputed) 516) When was the last time you had sexual intercourse? DAYS: ___ 1 WEEKS: ___ 2 MONTHS: ___ 3 YEARS: ___ 4 BEFORE LAST BIRTH 996 000 Less than 1 month 993 No partner 994 With former husband 995 Before last birth 996 Inconsistent 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) TIMESINCESEXM (V529) reports the computed time (in months) since the respondent last had sexual intercourse. This variable's value is computed from the responses in TIMESINCESEX (V527), with durations exceeding the interval since the last birth recoded as "Before last birth." IPUMS Flag for time since last sex (months, imputed) Flag for time since last sex (months, imputed) Flag for time since last sex (months, imputed) Flag for time since last sex (months, imputed) Flag for time since last sex (months, imputed) 00 No flag 01 Duration greater than time since last birth and did not report pp abstinence 02 Duration plus abstinence after last birth greater than time since last birth 03 Reported, but did not resume sex after last birth 04 Before last birth, but no births 05 Before last birth, but currently pregnant 06 Before last birth, but resumed sex after last birth 07 Reported but before last pregnancy 08 Reported but inconsistent with times had sex in past 4 weeks 09 Reported but before last birth 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) TIMESINCESEXFLAG (V530) is a flag variable reporting the type of problem found when editing responses about the time that has passed since the respondent last had sexual intercourse (in TIMESINCESEXM (V529)). Below are descriptions of each code: 0 = No flag 1 = Duration reported is greater than the interval since the last birth, and the respondent did not say in the maternity section (PPABSTAINNOW (V406)) that she is still abstaining from sexual relations since her last birth 2 = Duration reported plus the duration of abstinence after the last birth (PPABMO_01 (M8_1)) is greater than the interval since the last birth 3 = Duration reported, but the respondent has not resumed sexual intercourse since the last birth 4 = Respondent reported last intercourse was before her last birth, but she has never given birth 5 = Respondent reported last intercourse was before her last birth, but she was currently pregnant (PREGNANT (V213). 6 = Respondent reported last intercourse was before her last birth, but she reported in the maternity section that she had resumed sexual intercourse after her last birth 7 = Respondent reported a duration since her last intercourse, but this would place her last intercourse before her last pregnancy 8 = Respondent reported a duration since her last intercourse, but this response was inconsistent with her response concerning the number of times she had sexual intercourse in the 4 weeks preceding the survey (SX4WKX (V526)) 9 = Duration reported, but would place her last sexual intercourse before her last birth IPUMS Times had sex in last 4 weeks Times had sex in last 4 weeks Times had sex in last 4 weeks Times had sex in last 4 weeks Times had sex in last 4 weeks 514) Now we need some details about your sexual activity in order to get a better understanding of contraception and fertility. How many times did you have sexual intercourse in the last four weeks? NUMBER OF TIMES: ___ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95+ 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) SX4WKNO (V526) reports the number of times the respondent had sexual intercourse in last 4 weeks. IPUMS Times respondent usually has sex in a month Times respondent usually has sex in a month Times respondent usually has sex in a month Times respondent usually has sex in a month Times respondent usually has sex in a month 515) How many times in a month do you usually have sexual intercourse? NUMBER OF TIMES: ___ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) SX4WKAVG (V533) reports the number of times the respondent usually has sex in a month. IPUMS Age at first intercourse Age at first intercourse Age at first intercourse Age at first intercourse Age at first intercourse 517) How old were you when you first had sexual intercourse? AGE: ___ FIRST TIME WHEN MARRIED 96 00 Not had intercourse 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 94 Refused to respond 95 At first union 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) AGE1STSEX (V525) indicates the woman's self-reported age for the first time she had sexual intercourse. IPUMS Age at first intercourse (imputed) Age at first intercourse (imputed) Age at first intercourse (imputed) Age at first intercourse (imputed) Age at first intercourse (imputed) 517) How old were you when you first had sexual intercourse? AGE: ___ FIRST TIME WHEN MARRIED 96 00 Not had sex 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 95 Refused to respond 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) AGE1STSEXIMP (V531) reports the respondent's age at first sexual intercourse. This variable is the same as AGE1STSEX (V525), except for women who reported their first sexual intercourse was at the time of their union. For these women, the age at first sex is taken from the age at first union. In cases where the age at first sex was inconsistent with the age at conception of the first child, but only by one year, the age at first sex was reduced by one year. IPUMS Flag for age at first intercourse Flag for age at first intercourse Flag for age at first intercourse Flag for age at first intercourse Flag for age at first intercourse No flag 1 After interview 2 After conception by 1 year or more 3 After conception by less than 1 year 4 At marriage, but never married 5 At marriage, but after conception 6 After marriage AGE1STSEXFLAG (V532) is a flag variable reporting the type of inconsistency found when editing responses about when the respondent first had sexual intercourse. Below are descriptions of each code: 0 = No flag 1 = Respondent reported age at first sexual intercourse that exceeds her current age (AGE (V012)) 2 = Respondent reported her age at first sexual intercourse as occurring more than one year after the conception of her first child 3 = Respondent reported her age at first sexual intercourse as occurring up to one year after the conception of her first child 4 = Respondent reported that her first sexual intercourse was at the time of her first marriage, but the respondent was never married (EVERMARRIED (V535)) 5 = Respondent reported that her first sexual intercourse was at the time of her first marriage, but her first marriage occurred after the conception of her first child 6 = Respondent reported her first sexual intercourse as being some time after her first marriage IPUMS Last birth caesarean section Last birth caesarean section Last birth caesarean section Last birth caesarean section Last birth caesarean section 414) Was (NAME) delivered by caesarian section? YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the three to five years before the survey, DELCESRLAST (V401) indicates whether the last-born child was delivered by caesarean section. When children or births are the unit of analysis, this variable describes a characteristic of the mother, which causes allchildren of the mother to be coded the same way. Question wording varies slightly across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Woman currently postpartum amenorrheic Woman currently postpartum amenorrheic Woman currently postpartum amenorrheic Woman currently postpartum amenorrheic Woman currently postpartum amenorrheic 418) FOR MOST RECENT BIRTH ONLY: Has your period returned after the birth of (NAME)? YES 1(GO TO 420) NO 2 (GO TO 421) No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) PPAMENNOW (V405) reports whether the woman is currently postpartum amenorrheic. This variable is created from the maternity history by checking if menstruation resumed after birth. Women who are currently pregnant (irrespective of whether the woman's period returned after her last birth) and women who did not have births in the last three to five years are automatically reported as not currently amenorrheic, and coded "No" (code 0). When children or births are the unit of analysis, this variable describes a characteristic of the mother, which causes all children of the mother to be coded the same way. IPUMS Woman currently postpartum abstaining Woman currently postpartum abstaining Woman currently postpartum abstaining Woman currently postpartum abstaining Woman currently postpartum abstaining 422) FOR MOST RECENT BIRTH: Have you resumed sexual relations since the birth of (NAME)? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 424) No 1 Yes PPABSTAINNOW (V406) reports whether the woman is currently postpartum abstaining from sex. This variable is created from the maternity history by checking if the respondent has resumed sexual relations since her last birth. Women who did not have births in the last three to five years are automatically reported as not currently abstaining, and coded "No" (code 0). When children or births are the unit of analysis, this variable describes a characteristic of the mother, which causes all children of the mother to be coded the same way. IPUMS Ideal period for post-partum abstinence Ideal period for post-partum abstinence Ideal period for post-partum abstinence Ideal period for post-partum abstinence Ideal period for post-partum abstinence 614) After childbirth, how much time should couples wait before starting to have sexual relations again? MONTHS: ___ 1 YEARS: ___ 2 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 996 079 79 days 078 78 days 077 77 days 076 76 days 075 75 days 074 74 days 073 73 days 072 72 days 071 71 days 070 70 days 069 69 days 068 68 days 067 67 days 066 66 days 065 65 days 064 64 days 063 63 days 062 62 days 061 61 days 000 Less than one day 001 1 day 002 2 days 003 3 days 004 4 days 005 5 days 006 6 days 007 7 days 008 8 days 009 9 days 010 10 days 011 11 days 012 12 days 013 13 days 014 14 days 015 15 days 016 16 days 017 17 days 018 18 days 019 19 days 020 20 days 021 21 days 022 22 days 023 23 days 024 24 days 025 25 days 026 26 days 027 27 days 028 28 days 029 29 days 030 30 days 031 31 days 032 32 days 033 33 days 034 34 days 035 35 days 036 36 days 037 37 days 038 38 days 039 39 days 040 40 days 041 41 days 042 42 days 043 43 days 044 44 days 045 45 days 046 46 days 047 47 days 048 48 days 049 49 days 050 50 days 051 51 days 052 52 days 053 53 days 054 54 days 055 55 days 056 56 days 057 57 days 058 58 days 059 59 days 060 60 days 100 Less than one month 101 1 month 102 2 months 103 3 months 104 4 months 105 5 months 106 6 months 107 7 months 108 8 months 109 9 months 110 10 months 111 11 months 112 12 months 113 13 months 114 14 months 115 15 months 116 16 months 117 17 months 118 18 months 119 19 months 120 20 months 121 21 months 122 22 months 123 23 months 124 24 months 125 25 months 126 26 months 127 27 months 128 28 months 129 29 months 130 30 months 131 31 months 132 32 months 133 33 months 134 34 months 135 35 months 136 36 months 137 37 months 138 38 months 139 39 months 140 40 months 141 41 months 142 42 months 143 43 months 144 44 months 145 45 months 146 46 months 147 47 months 148 48 months 149 49 months 150 50 months 151 51 months 152 52 months 153 53 months 154 54 months 155 55 months 156 56 months 157 57 months 158 58 months 159 59 months 160 60 months 161 61 months 162 62 months 163 63 months 164 64 months 165 65 months 166 66 months 167 67 months 168 68 months 169 69 months 170 70 months 171 71 months 172 72 months 173 73 months 174 74 months 175 75 months 176 76 months 177 77 months 178 78 months 179 79 months 180 80 months 181 81 months 182 82 months 183 83 months 184 84 months 185 85 months 186 86 months 187 87 months 188 88 months 189 89 months 190 90 months 191 91 months 192 92 months 193 93 months 194 94 months 195 95 months 196 96 months 197 97 months 198 98 months 199 Months, unspecified number 200 Less than one year 201 1 year 202 2 years 203 3 years 204 4 years 205 5 years 206 6 years 207 7 years 208 8 years 209 9 years 210 10 years 211 11 years 212 12 years 213 13 years 214 14 years 215 15 years 216 16 years 217 17 years 218 18 years 219 19 years 220 20 years 221 21 years 222 22 years 223 23 years 224 24 years 225 25 years 226 26 years 227 27 years 228 28 years 229 29 years 230 30 years 231 31 years 232 32 years 233 33 years 234 34 years 235 35+ years 299 Years, unspecified number 992 Up to couple 993 After weaning 994 After period returns 995 Non-numeric response 996 Other 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) 080 80 days 081 81 days 082 82 days 083 83 days 084 84 days 085 85 days 086 86 days 087 87 days 088 88 days 089 89 days 090 90 days IDEALPOSTPT (V608) reports what the woman thinks is the ideal duration for a couple to wait before starting sexual relations after the birth of a child. IPUMS Ideal period for post-partum abstinence (months and years only) Ideal period for post-partum abstinence (months and years only) Ideal period for post-partum abstinence (months and years only) Ideal period for post-partum abstinence (months and years only) Ideal period for post-partum abstinence (months and years only) 614) After childbirth, how much time should couples wait before starting to have sexual relations again? MONTHS: ___ 1 YEARS: ___ 2 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 996 100 Less than one month 101 1 month 102 2 months 103 3 months 104 4 months 105 5 months 106 6 months 107 7 months 108 8 months 109 9 months 110 10 months 111 11 months 112 12 months 113 13 months 114 14 months 115 15 months 116 16 months 117 17 months 118 18 months 119 19 months 120 20 months 121 21 months 122 22 months 123 23 months 124 24 months 125 25 months 126 26 months 127 27 months 128 28 months 129 29 months 130 30 months 131 31 months 132 32 months 133 33 months 134 34 months 135 35 months 136 36 months 137 37 months 138 38 months 139 39 months 140 40 months 141 41 months 142 42 months 143 43 months 144 44 months 145 45 months 146 46 months 147 47 months 148 48 months 149 49 months 150 50 months 151 51 months 152 52 months 153 53 months 154 54 months 155 55 months 156 56 months 157 57 months 158 58 months 159 59 months 160 60 months 161 61 months 162 62 months 163 63 months 164 64 months 165 65 months 166 66 months 167 67 months 168 68 months 169 69 months 170 70 months 171 71 months 172 72 months 173 73 months 174 74 months 175 75 months 176 76 months 177 77 months 178 78 months 179 79 months 180 80 months 181 81 months 182 82 months 183 83 months 184 84 months 185 85 months 186 86 months 187 87 months 188 88 months 189 89 months 190 90 months 191 91 months 192 92 months 193 93 months 194 94 months 195 95 months 196 96 months 197 97 months 198 98 months 199 Months, unspecified number 200 Less than one year 201 1 year 202 2 years 203 3 years 204 4 years 205 5 years 206 6 years 207 7 years 208 8 years 209 9 years 210 10 years 211 11 years 212 12 years 213 13 years 214 14 years 215 15 years 216 16 years 217 17 years 218 18 years 219 19 years 220 20 years 221 21 years 222 22 years 223 23 years 224 24 years 225 25 years 226 26 years 227 27 years 228 28 years 229 29 years 230 30 years 231 31 years 232 32 years 233 33 years 234 34 years 235 35+ years 299 Years, unspecified number 992 Up to couple 993 After weaning 994 After period returns 995 Non-numeric response 996 Other 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) IDEALPOSTPT2 reports what the woman thinks is the ideal duration for a couple to wait before starting sexual relations after the birth of a child. Responses are given in month or year units; the complementary variable IDEALPOSTPT preserves the detailed responses given in days for a minority of samples. IPUMS Alright to have sex while breastfeeding Alright to have sex while breastfeeding Alright to have sex while breastfeeding Alright to have sex while breastfeeding Alright to have sex while breastfeeding 615) Should a mother wait until she has completely stopped breastfeeding before starting to have sexual relations again, or doesn't it matter? WAIT 1 DOESN'T MATTER 2 1 Wait 2 Doesn't matter 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) SEXBRSTFD (V609) indicates whether the woman thinks mothers should wait until they have stopped breastfeeding before resuming sexual relations after the birth of a child. IPUMS Number of children in maternity history Number of children in maternity history Number of children in maternity history Number of children in maternity history Number of children in maternity history 402) ENTER THE LINE NUMBER, NAME, AND SURVIVAL STATUS OF EACH BIRTH SINCE JANUARY 1987 IN THE TABLE. ASK THE QUESTIONS OF ALL THESE BIRTHS, BEGINNING WITH THE LAST BIRTH. Now I would like to ask you some more questions about the health of all of the children you have had in the past 5 years. We will talk about one child at a time. LINE NUMBER FROM QUESTION 212: ___ FROM QUESTION 212 AND QUESTION 216: NAME: ___ LIVING: ___ (GO TO 403) DECEASED: ___ (GO TO 403) 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 MATERNITYIDX (V417) reports the number of entries in the pregnancy and postnatal care history for a female respondent. This number is typically equal to the number of births in the three (BIRTHSTOT3YR (V238)) or five (BIRTHSIN5YRS (V208) years before the survey. While there is, theoretically, no limit to the number of births recorded in BIRTHSTOT3YR and BIRTHSIN5YRS, MATERNITYIDX is actually limited to the number of columns that can be completed on the survey form. In most cases, MATERNITYIDX is capped at six. IPUMS Number of children in immunization/health history Number of children in immunization/health history Number of children in immunization/health history Number of children in immunization/health history Number of children in immunization/health history 441) ENTER THE LINE NUMBER AND NAME OF EACH BIRTH SINCE JANUARY 1987 IN THE TABLE. ASK THE QUESTIONS ABOUT ALL OF THESE BIRTHS. BEGIN WITH THE LAST BIRTH (IF THERE ARE MORE THAN 3 BIRTHS, USE ADDITIONAL FORMS). LINE NUMBER FROM QUESTION 212: ___ FROM QUESTION 212 AND QUESTION 216: NAME: ___ LIVING: ___ DECEASED: ___ 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 HEALTHIDX (V418) reports the number of entries (number of children) in the health or immunization history. This number is typically equal to the number of births in the three (BIRTHSTOT3YR (V238)) or five (BIRTHSIN5YRS (V208) years before the survey. While there is, theoretically, no limit to the number of births recorded in BIRTHSTOT3YR and BIRTHSIN5YRS, HEALTHIDX is actually limited to the number of columns that can be completed on the survey form. In most cases, HEALTHIDX is capped at six. IPUMS Number of children in height and weight table Number of children in height and weight table Number of children in height and weight table Number of children in height and weight table Number of children in height and weight table 902) LINE NUMBER FROM QUESTION 212: LINE NUMBER: ___ 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 BIOIDX (V419) reports the number of entries (number of children) in the height and weight table. This number is typically equal to the number of births in the three (BIRTHSTOT3YR (V238)) or five (BIRTHSIN5YRS (V208) years before the survey. While there is, theoretically, no limit to the number of births recorded in BIRTHSTOT3YR and BIRTHSIN5YRS, BIOIDX is actually limited to the number of columns on the survey form that can be completed. In most cases, BIOIDX is capped at six. IPUMS Times mother breastfed last child during previous night Times mother breastfed last child during previous night Times mother breastfed last child during previous night Times mother breastfed last child during previous night Times mother breastfed last child during previous night 429) FOR MOST RECENT BIRTH: How many times did you breastfeed last night between sunset and sunrise? (IF ANSWER IS NOT NUMERIC, PROBE TO EVALUATE NUMBER) NUMBER OF NIGHT TIME FEEDINGS: ___ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40+ 96 On demand 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years and whose last-born child is still breastfeeding, BFEEDNITE (V407) reports how many times the mother breastfed that child the previous night between sunset and sunrise. When women are the unit of analysis, IPUMS-DHS users may also use BRSFEDNITE_01 (M35_01), which reports how many times the woman breastfed her last-born child the previous night. When children are the unit of analysis, BFEEDNITE describes a characteristic of the mother, which causes all young children of the mother to be coded the same way. Thus, a response of a certain number of times in BFEEDNITE does not necessarily indicate that a particular child whose record is being analyzed was breastfed that many times during the previous night. IPUMS-DHS users should instead employ, when available, the variable BRSFEDNITE (M35) to determine how many times the specific child under analysis was breastfed during the previous night. IPUMS Times mother breastfed last child during previous day Times mother breastfed last child during previous day Times mother breastfed last child during previous day Times mother breastfed last child during previous day Times mother breastfed last child during previous day 430) FOR MOST RECENT BIRTH: How many times did you breastfeed yesterday, during the daylight hours? (IF ANSWER IS NOT NUMERIC, PROBE TO EVALUATE NUMBER) NUMBER OF DAY LIGHT FEEDINGS: ___ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40+ 95 On demand, non-numeric response 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years and whose last-born child is still breastfeeding, BFEEDAY (V408) reports how many times the mother breastfed that child the previous day during daylight hours. When women are the unit of analysis, IPUMS-DHS users may also use BRSFEDAY_01 (M36_01), which reports how many times the woman breastfed her last-born child the previous day during daylight hours. When children are the unit of analysis, BFEEDAY describes a characteristic of the mother, which causes all young children of the mother to be coded the same way. Thus, a response of a certain number of times in BFEEDAY does not necessarily indicate that a child whose record is being analyzed was personally breastfed that many times during the previous day. IPUMS-DHS users should instead employ, when available, the variable BRSFEDAY (M36) to determine how many times the specific child under analysis was breastfed during the previous day. IPUMS Mother fed last-born child from bottle with nipple in last day or night Mother fed last-born child from bottle with nipple in last day or night Mother fed last-born child from bottle with nipple in last day or night Mother fed last-born child from bottle with nipple in last day or night Mother fed last-born child from bottle with nipple in last day or night 439) Did (NAME) drink anything from a baby bottle yesterday or last night? YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years and whose last-born child is still alive, BOTTLE24H (V415) indicates whether the last-born child drank anything from a bottle with a nipple during the previous day and night. When women are the unit of analysis, IPUMS-DHS users may also use BRSFEDBOT_01 (M38_01), which also indicates whether the woman gave her last-born child anything from a bottle with a nipple during the previous day and night. When children are the unit of analysis, BOTTLE24H describes a characteristic of the mother, which causes all young children of the mother to be coded the same way. If the mother reported that she fed her last-born child with a bottle with a nipple during the previous day or night, all of her children in the data are coded as "yes," including any children who have died or who live elsewhere. When children are the unit of analysis, a positive response in BOTTLE24H thus does not necessarily indicate that a particular child was actually fed with a bottle with a nipple during the previous day or night. IPUMS-DHS users should instead employ, when available, the variable BRSFEDBOT (M38) to determine whether the specific child in question actually drank anything from a bottle with a nipple during the previous day and night. IPUMS Woman currently breastfeeding any child Woman currently breastfeeding any child Woman currently breastfeeding any child Woman currently breastfeeding any child Woman currently breastfeeding any child 428) FOR MOST RECENT BIRTH: Do you still breastfeed (NAME)? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 433) No 1 Yes 9 NIU (not in universe) BFEEDANYNOW (V404) indicates whether the woman is currently breastfeeding. If no child was born in the last three to five years, the respondent is assumed to not be breastfeeding. When children or births are the unit of analysis, this variable describes a characteristic of the mother, which causes all children of the mother to be coded the same way. This variable has some variation in how current breastfeeding is determined. See Comparability. IPUMS When mother first put last-born child to breast When mother first put last-born child to breast When mother first put last-born child to breast When mother first put last-born child to breast When mother first put last-born child to breast 426) FOR MOST RECENT BIRTH: How long after birth did you first put (NAME) to the breast? IF LESS THAN 1 HOUR, RECORD '00' HOURS. IF LESS THAN 24 HOURS, RECORD HOURS. OTHERWISE, RECORD DAYS. IMMEDIATELY 000 HOURS: ___ 1 DAYS: ___ 2 000 Immediately 100 Within first hour 101 1 hour 102 2 hours 103 3 hours 104 4 hours 105 5 hours 106 6 hours 107 7 hours 108 8 hours 109 9 hours 110 10 hours 111 11 hours 112 12 hours 113 13 hours 114 14 hours 115 15 hours 116 16 hours 117 17 hours 118 18 hours 119 19 hours 120 20 hours 121 21 hours 122 22 hours 123 23 hours 124 24 hours 125 25 hours 126 26 hours 127 27 hours 128 28 hours 129 29 hours 130 30 hours 131 31 hours 132 32 hours 133 33 hours 134 34 hours 135 35 hours 136 36 hours 137 37 hours 138 38 hours 139 39 hours 140 40 hours 141 41 hours 142 42 hours 143 43 hours 144 44 hours 145 45 hours 146 46 hours 147 47 hours 148 48 hours 149 49 hours 150 50 hours 151 51 hours 152 52 hours 153 53 hours 154 54 hours 155 55 hours 156 56 hours 157 57 hours 158 58 hours 159 59 hours 160 60 hours 161 61 hours 162 62 hours 163 63 hours 164 64 hours 165 65 hours 166 66 hours 167 67 hours 168 68 hours 169 69 hours 170 70 hours 171 71 hours 172 72 hours 173 73 hours 174 74 hours 175 75 hours 176 76 hours 177 77 hours 178 78 hours 179 79 hours 180 80 hours 181 81 hours 182 82 hours 183 83 hours 184 84 hours 185 85 hours 186 86 hours 187 87 hours 188 88 hours 189 89 hours 190 90 hours 199 Hours: Number missing 200 Within first day 201 1 day 202 2 days 203 3 days 204 4 days 205 5 days 206 6 days 207 7 days 208 8 days 209 9 days 210 10 days 211 11 days 212 12 days 213 13 days 214 14 days 215 15 days 216 16 days 217 17 days 218 18 days 219 19 days 220 20 days 221 21 days 222 22 days 223 23 days 224 24 days 225 25 days 226 26 days 227 27 days 228 28 days 229 29 days 230 30 days 231 31 days 232 32 days 233 33 days 234 34 days 235 35 days 236 36 days 237 37 days 238 38 days 239 39 days 240 40 days 241 41 days 242 42 days 243 43 days 244 44 days 245 45 days 246 46 days 247 47 days 248 48 days 249 49 days 250 50 days 251 51 days 252 52 days 253 53 days 254 54 days 255 55 days 256 56 days 257 57 days 258 58 days 259 59 days 260 60 days 261 61 days 262 62 days 263 63 days 264 64 days 265 65 days 266 66 days 267 67 days 268 68 days 269 69 days 270 70 days 271 71 days 272 72 days 273 73 days 274 74 days 275 75 days 276 76 days 277 77 days 278 78 days 279 79 days 280 80 days 281 81 days 282 82 days 283 83 days 284 84 days 285 85 days 286 86 days 287 87 days 288 88 days 289 89 days 290 90 days 299 Days: Number missing 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the last three to five years and breastfed their last-born child, BFEEDST (V426) reports the length of time between the birth and when the woman first breastfed her last-born child. Following DHS convention, intervals reported in hours are coded with a "1" in the first digit, and intervals reported in days are coded with a "2" in the first digit. When women are the unit of analysis, IPUMS-DHS users may also use BRSFEDST_01 (M34_1), which also reports the length of time between the birth and when the woman first breastfed her child (for the last birth). When children are the unit of analysis, BFEEDST describes a characteristic of the mother, which causes all young children of the mother to be coded the same way. Thus, a response of a certain number of hours or days in BFEEDST does not necessarily indicate that a particular child whose record is being analyzed was first breastfed after that amount of time. IPUMS-DHS users should instead employ, when available, the variable BRSFEDST (M34) to determine the length of time between the specific child's birth and when that child was first breastfed. IPUMS Heard of ORS for diarrhea treatment Heard of ORS for diarrhea treatment Heard of ORS for diarrhea treatment Heard of ORS for diarrhea treatment Heard of ORS for diarrhea treatment 483) Have you heard of a special product in a packet that you can get for the treatment of diarrhea and vomiting? YES 1 (GO TO 485) NO 2 10 No 20 Yes 21 Used ORS 22 Heard of ORS 23 Recognized ORS packet 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) DIATRORSHEARD (V416) indicates whether the woman ever heard of using an oral rehydration solution (ORS) to treat diarrhea. ORS generally consists of drinking water with the addition of sugar and salt (in a homemade solution) or a commercial mixture of salt, glucose, potassium chloride, and sodium bicarbonate added to clean water. IPUMS Ever prepared ORS solution Ever prepared ORS solution Ever prepared ORS solution Ever prepared ORS solution Ever prepared ORS solution 485) Have you ever prepared a solution with one of these packets to treat diarrhea for yourself or someone else? (SHOW THE PACKET) YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 488) 10 No 20 Yes 21 Used in last 2 weeks 22 Used previously 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the 3 to 5 years before the survey and have heard of ORS (oral rehydration solution), ORSPREPEV (V422) indicates whether the respondent has ever prepared a solution from an ORS packet to treat diarrhea, either for herself or for someone else. IPUMS Amount of water (in mL) used for ORS Amount of water (in mL) used for ORS Amount of water (in mL) used for ORS Amount of water (in mL) used for ORS Amount of water (in mL) used for ORS 487) How much water did you use to prepare the liquid from the special packet for diarrhea? 1/2 LITER / 1/2 CUP 01 1 LITER / 1 CUP 02 1 1/2 LITERS / 1 1/2 CUPS 03 2 LITERS / 2 CUPS 04 ACCORDING TO PACKET INSTRUCTIONS 05 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 06 DON'T KNOW 98 0250 250 0750 750 1000 1000 9993 Did not use whole packet 9994 Followed instructions on packet 9995 Unknown quantity 9996 Other uncoded sizes 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the 3 to 5 years before the survey and have prepared ORS, ORSPREPWAT (V423) reports the quantity of water, measured in milliliters, used in the preparation of the oral rehydration solution. Most samples include fixed categories such as 1/2 liter, 1 liter, and 1-1/2 liters, which are then recoded as 500, 1000, and 1500 milliliters. Some responses are also recorded as bottle sizes, such as beer bottle or coke bottle; these are also recoded in ORSPREPWAT into their respective sizes (333 and 250 milliliters, respectively). If the size of a particular container (e.g., a glass) was not known, this response is recorded as "Unknown quantity" (code "9995"). IPUMS Source of information on preparing ORS for diarrhea treatment Source of information on preparing ORS for diarrhea treatment Source of information on preparing ORS for diarrhea treatment Source of information on preparing ORS for diarrhea treatment Source of information on preparing ORS for diarrhea treatment 490) Who taught you how to prepare the home solution made with sugar, salt, and water, and which you gave to (NAME) when he/she had diarrhea? PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL 11 MEDICAL CENTER 12 MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER 13 DISPENSARY 14 MOBILE CLINIC 15 FIRST AID WORKER/MIDWIFE 16 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL 21 PRIVATE PHARMACY 22 PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE 23 PRIVATE DISPENSARY 24 OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE 31 NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE 32 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 41 100 PUBLIC SECTOR 110 Government hospital 120 Government health center 121 Rural health center 130 Government mobile clinic 140 Government health post 150 Government health worker 151 Community health worker 152 Village health guide/worker 153 Government paramedic 154 First aid worker 155 Family welfare worker 156 Lady health visitor 160 Maternal child health (MCH) center 170 Government pharmacy/dispensary 200 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR 210 Private hospital/clinic 220 Private doctor 230 Private pharmacy 240 Private mobile clinic 250 Private community health worker 300 RELIGIOUS/MISSION 310 Religious hospital/clinic 320 Religious health post 330 Religious pharmacy/dispensary 400 OTHER 410 Shop 420 Traditional practitioner 430 Friend/relative 440 Media 441 Radio 442 Printed material 443 TV 450 Immunization card 995 Other 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For women who prepared ORS for their child's diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, ORSINFOSRC (V425) reports where she learned about preparing a homemade ORS fluid for diarrhea treatment. Response categories vary across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Known source for ORS: Private doctor Known source for ORS: Private doctor Known source for ORS: Private doctor Known source for ORS: Private doctor Known source for ORS: Private doctor 488) Where can you get this packet? PROBE: Anywhere else? RECORD ALL PLACES MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D PEOPLE'S PHARMACY E MOBILE CLINIC F FIRST AID WORKER G PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL H PRIVATE PHARMACY I PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE J PRIVATE DISPENSARY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE L NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE M OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ N No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ORSPRIVDR (V424L) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a private doctor as a source for oral rehydration solution (ORS). ORS is a typically used to treat dehydration in individuals with diarrhea. IPUMS Known source for ORS: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Known source for ORS: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Known source for ORS: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Known source for ORS: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Known source for ORS: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary 488) Where can you get this packet? PROBE: Anywhere else? RECORD ALL PLACES MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D PEOPLE'S PHARMACY E MOBILE CLINIC F FIRST AID WORKER G PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL H PRIVATE PHARMACY I PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE J PRIVATE DISPENSARY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE L NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE M OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ N ***** 488) Where can you get this packet? PROBE: Anywhere else? RECORD ALL PLACES MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D PEOPLE'S PHARMACY E MOBILE CLINIC F FIRST AID WORKER G PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL H PRIVATE PHARMACY I PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE J PRIVATE DISPENSARY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE L NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE M OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ N ***** 488) Where can you get this packet? PROBE: Anywhere else? RECORD ALL PLACES MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D PEOPLE'S PHARMACY E MOBILE CLINIC F FIRST AID WORKER G PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL H PRIVATE PHARMACY I PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE J PRIVATE DISPENSARY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE L NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE M OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ N No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ORSPRIVDRUG (V424K) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary as a source for oral rehydration solution (ORS). ORS is a typically used to treat dehydration in individuals with diarrhea. Some samples in the "ORS" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of private, formal drug vendors that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in ORSPUBHC. IPUMS Known source for ORS: Private hospital/clinic Known source for ORS: Private hospital/clinic Known source for ORS: Private hospital/clinic Known source for ORS: Private hospital/clinic Known source for ORS: Private hospital/clinic 488) Where can you get this packet? PROBE: Anywhere else? RECORD ALL PLACES MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D PEOPLE'S PHARMACY E MOBILE CLINIC F FIRST AID WORKER G PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL H PRIVATE PHARMACY I PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE J PRIVATE DISPENSARY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE L NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE M OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ N No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ORSPRIVHOS (V424J) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a private hospital or clinic as a source for an oral rehydration solution (ORS). ORS is a typically used to treat dehydration in individuals with diarrhea. IPUMS Known source for ORS: Public fieldworker Known source for ORS: Public fieldworker Known source for ORS: Public fieldworker Known source for ORS: Public fieldworker Known source for ORS: Public fieldworker 488) Where can you get this packet? PROBE: Anywhere else? RECORD ALL PLACES MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D PEOPLE'S PHARMACY E MOBILE CLINIC F FIRST AID WORKER G PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL H PRIVATE PHARMACY I PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE J PRIVATE DISPENSARY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE L NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE M OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ N No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ORSPUBFW (V424E) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a public fieldworker as a source for an oral rehydration solution (ORS). ORS is a typically used to treat dehydration in individuals with diarrhea. Some samples in the "ORS" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public fieldworkers that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in ORSPUBHC. IPUMS Known source for ORS: Public health center Known source for ORS: Public health center Known source for ORS: Public health center Known source for ORS: Public health center Known source for ORS: Public health center 488) Where can you get this packet? PROBE: Anywhere else? RECORD ALL PLACES MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D PEOPLE'S PHARMACY E MOBILE CLINIC F FIRST AID WORKER G PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL H PRIVATE PHARMACY I PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE J PRIVATE DISPENSARY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE L NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE M OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ N No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ORSPUBHC (V424B) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a public health center as a source for oral rehydration solution (ORS). ORS is a typically used to treat dehydration in individuals with diarrhea. Some samples in the "ORS" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public health centers that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in ORSPUBHC. IPUMS Known source for ORS: Public hospital Known source for ORS: Public hospital Known source for ORS: Public hospital Known source for ORS: Public hospital Known source for ORS: Public hospital 488) Where can you get this packet? PROBE: Anywhere else? RECORD ALL PLACES MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D PEOPLE'S PHARMACY E MOBILE CLINIC F FIRST AID WORKER G PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL H PRIVATE PHARMACY I PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE J PRIVATE DISPENSARY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE L NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE M OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ N No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ORSPUBHOS (V424A) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a public hospital as a source for oral rehydration solution (ORS). ORS is a typically used to treat dehydration in individuals with diarrhea. IPUMS Known source for ORS: Public health post Known source for ORS: Public health post Known source for ORS: Public health post Known source for ORS: Public health post Known source for ORS: Public health post 488) Where can you get this packet? PROBE: Anywhere else? RECORD ALL PLACES MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D PEOPLE'S PHARMACY E MOBILE CLINIC F FIRST AID WORKER G PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL H PRIVATE PHARMACY I PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE J PRIVATE DISPENSARY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE L NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE M OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ N No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ORSPUBHP (V424C) indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the woman reported a public health post as a source for oral rehydration solution (ORS). ORS is a typically used to treat dehydration in individuals with diarrhea. Some samples in the "ORS" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. IPUMS Known source for ORS: Public mobile clinic Known source for ORS: Public mobile clinic Known source for ORS: Public mobile clinic Known source for ORS: Public mobile clinic Known source for ORS: Public mobile clinic 488) Where can you get this packet? PROBE: Anywhere else? RECORD ALL PLACES MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D PEOPLE'S PHARMACY E MOBILE CLINIC F FIRST AID WORKER G PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL H PRIVATE PHARMACY I PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE J PRIVATE DISPENSARY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE L NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE M OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ N No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ORSPUBMOB (V424D) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a public mobile clinic as a source for oral rehydration solution (ORS). ORS is a typically used to treat dehydration in individuals with diarrhea. IPUMS Known source of ORS: Other Known source of ORS: Other Known source of ORS: Other Known source of ORS: Other Known source of ORS: Other 488) Where can you get this packet? PROBE: Anywhere else? RECORD ALL PLACES MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D PEOPLE'S PHARMACY E MOBILE CLINIC F FIRST AID WORKER G PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL H PRIVATE PHARMACY I PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE J PRIVATE DISPENSARY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE L NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE M OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ N No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ORSOTHER (V424X) indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported some "other" place as a source for oral rehydration solution (ORS). The meaning of "other" depends on the specific response categories included in a given sample. ORS is a typically used to treat dehydration in individuals with diarrhea. IPUMS Known source for ORS: Private pharmacy (Niger) Known source for ORS: Private pharmacy (Niger) Known source for ORS: Private pharmacy (Niger) Known source for ORS: Private pharmacy (Niger) Known source for ORS: Private pharmacy (Niger) 488) Where can you get this packet? PROBE: Anywhere else? RECORD ALL PLACES MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D PEOPLE'S PHARMACY E MOBILE CLINIC F FIRST AID WORKER G PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL H PRIVATE PHARMACY I PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE J PRIVATE DISPENSARY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE L NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE M OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ N No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ORSNE1 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a private pharmacy as a source for oral rehydration solution (ORS). ORS is typically used to treat dehydration in individuals with diarrhea. This response is country-specific to Niger. Some samples in the "ORS" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. ORSNE1 is combined with ORSNE2 (private dispensary) and ORSNE3 (private pharmaceutic depot) in ORSPRIVDRUG (all private, formal drug vendors) for the 1992 Niger sample. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using ORSNE1 are encouraged to review ORSPRIVDRUG for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for ORS: Private dispensary (Niger) Known source for ORS: Private dispensary (Niger) Known source for ORS: Private dispensary (Niger) Known source for ORS: Private dispensary (Niger) Known source for ORS: Private dispensary (Niger) 488) Where can you get this packet? PROBE: Anywhere else? RECORD ALL PLACES MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D PEOPLE'S PHARMACY E MOBILE CLINIC F FIRST AID WORKER G PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL H PRIVATE PHARMACY I PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE J PRIVATE DISPENSARY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE L NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE M OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ N No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ORSNE2 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a private dispensary as a source for oral rehydration solution (ORS). ORS is typically used to treat dehydration in individuals with diarrhea. This response is country-specific to Niger. Some samples in the "ORS" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. ORSNE2 is combined with ORSNE1 (private pharmacy) and ORSNE3 (private pharmaceutic depot) in ORSPRIVDRUG (all private, formal drug vendors) for the 1992 Niger sample. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using ORSNE2 are encouraged to review ORSPRIVDRUG for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Known source for ORS: Private pharmaceutic depot (Niger) Known source for ORS: Private pharmaceutic depot (Niger) Known source for ORS: Private pharmaceutic depot (Niger) Known source for ORS: Private pharmaceutic depot (Niger) Known source for ORS: Private pharmaceutic depot (Niger) 488) Where can you get this packet? PROBE: Anywhere else? RECORD ALL PLACES MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D PEOPLE'S PHARMACY E MOBILE CLINIC F FIRST AID WORKER G PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL H PRIVATE PHARMACY I PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE J PRIVATE DISPENSARY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE L NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE M OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ N No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ORSNE3 indicates whether, in response to an open-ended question, the woman reported a private pharmaceutic depot as a source for oral rehydration solution (ORS). ORS is typically used to treat dehydration in individuals with diarrhea. This response is country-specific to Niger. Some samples in the "ORS" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. ORSNE3 is combined with ORSNE1 (private pharmacy) and ORSNE2 (private dispensary) in ORSPRIVDRUG (all private, formal drug vendors) for the 1992 Niger sample. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using ORSNE3 are encouraged to review ORSPRIVDRUG for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Code of person measuring children's height and weight Code of person measuring children's height and weight Code of person measuring children's height and weight Code of person measuring children's height and weight Code of person measuring children's height and weight 913) NAME OF MEASURER: ___ NAME OF ASSISTANT: ___ MOTHER 90 OTHER MEMBERS OF HOUSEHOLD 91 OTHER PERSONS 92 99999 NIU (not in universe) 99998 Missing 99997 Don't know 99996 Inconsistent 99995 No living children under 5 For women who gave birth in the three to five years before the survey, BIOMEASCODE (V420) reports the code assigned to the person measuring their children's height and weight. Codes are sample-specific; a given numeric code in one sample refers to a different person than the same numeric code in another sample. Using the measurer and assistant measurer (BIOASSTMEASCODE (V421)) codes, researchers can evaluate whether the quality of responses (e.g., the number of "out of range" cases) depended on the person measuring the children. IPUMS Code of assistant measurer Code of assistant measurer Code of assistant measurer Code of assistant measurer Code of assistant measurer 913) NAME OF MEASURER: ___ NAME OF ASSISTANT: ___ MOTHER 90 OTHER MEMBERS OF HOUSEHOLD 91 OTHER PERSONS 92 9992 Child's mother 9993 Household member 9994 Other 9995 No living children under 5 9996 Inconsistent 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the three to five years before the survey, BIOASSTMEASCODE (V421) reports the code assigned to the assistant measurer of their children's height and weight. Codes are sample-specific; a given numeric code in one sample refers to a different person than the same numeric code in another sample. Using the measurer (BIOMEASCODE (V420)) and assistant measurer codes, researchers can evaluate whether the quality of responses (e.g., the number of "out of range" cases) depended on the person measuring the children. IPUMS Weight of woman (kilos) Weight of woman (kilos) Weight of woman (kilos) Weight of woman (kilos) Weight of woman (kilos) 909) WEIGHT (IN KILOGRAMS): WEIGHT: ___ 9994 Not present 9995 Refused 9996 Other 9997 Out of plausible range 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) WEIGHTFEM (V437) reports the woman's weight as measured by DHS personnel. There is one implied decimal place in the weight. Dividing WEIGHTFEM by 10 will yield the woman's measured weight in kilograms. IPUMS Height of woman in centimeters Height of woman in centimeters Height of woman in centimeters Height of woman in centimeters Height of woman in centimeters 907) HEIGHT (IN CENTIMETERS): HEIGHT: ___ 9994 Not present 9995 Refused 9996 Other 9997 Out of plausible range 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) HEIGHTFEM (V438) reports the woman's height as measured by DHS personnel. HEIGHTFEM values are reported in millimeters, to preserve one centimeter decimal place without requiring the use of a decimal point. Dividing HEIGHTFEM by 10 will yield the woman's measured height in centimeters. IPUMS Height for age percentile for respondents to women's survey Height for age percentile for respondents to women's survey Height for age percentile for respondents to women's survey Height for age percentile for respondents to women's survey Height for age percentile for respondents to women's survey 907) HEIGHT (IN CENTIMETERS): HEIGHT: ___ 9995 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFHTAPCT (V439) reports the respondent's height-for-age percentile, based on smoothed percentile growth charts by age and sex developed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control. The reference standard contains data for children up to age 18. For all women age 18 and over, the value for 215 months (17 years, 11 months) is used, based on the assumption that women are fully grown by age18. HEIGHTFEM (V438) reports the respondent's length or height as measured by DHS personnel. IPUMS Height for age standard deviations from the reference median (for respondents to female survey) Height for age standard deviations from the reference median (for respondents to female survey) Height for age standard deviations from the reference median (for respondents to female survey) Height for age standard deviations from the reference median (for respondents to female survey) Height for age standard deviations from the reference median (for respondents to female survey) 907) HEIGHT (IN CENTIMETERS): HEIGHT: ___ 9995 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFHTASDRM (V440) reports the difference between the respondent's height and the median height of a reference population of the same age and sex, expressed in units equal to one standard deviation of the reference population's distribution. An anthropometry measure expressed in reference standard deviation units is also known as a Z-score. BIOFHTASDRM values are reported in units equal to 100 times the Z-score, to preserve two decimal places without requiring the use of a decimal point. Dividing BIOFHTASDRM by 100 will yield the height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) value. The reference standard contains data for children up to age 18. For all women age 18 and over, the value of 215 months (17 years, 11 months) is used, based on the assumption that women are fully grown by age 18. HEIGHTFEM (V438) reports the respondent's length or height, as measured by DHS personnel. The complementary DHS variable BIOFHTAPCT (V439) reports the respondent's height-for-age percentile within the same reference population used in BIOFHTASDRM. The complementary DHS variable BIOFHTAPCTRM (V441) reports the respondent's height-for-age as a percentage of the median of the same reference population. Unlike z-scores, percentiles do not allow comparison across age and sex and cannot assess longitudinal change in growth status. IPUMS Height for Age percent of reference median for respondents to female survey Height for Age percent of reference median for respondents to female survey Height for Age percent of reference median for respondents to female survey Height for Age percent of reference median for respondents to female survey Height for Age percent of reference median for respondents to female survey 907) HEIGHT (IN CENTIMETERS): HEIGHT: ___ 99995 Flagged cases 99998 Missing 99999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFHTAPCTRM (V441) reports the respondent's height-for-age as a percent of the median height for a reference population of the same age and sex. For this variable, the reference population was developed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control. The reference standard contains data for children up to age 18. For all women age 18 and over, the value of 215 months (17 years, 11 months) is used, based on the assumption that women are fully grown by age 18. HEIGHTFEM (V438) reports the respondent's length or height as measured by DHS personnel. The related variable BIOFHTAPCT (V439) reports the respondent's height-for-age percentile relative to smoothed percentile growth charts by age and sex, for the same reference population. IPUMS Weight for height percent of reference median (DHS) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (DHS) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (DHS) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (DHS) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (DHS) (respondents to women's survey) 909) WEIGHT (IN KILOGRAMS): WEIGHT: ___ 99995 Flagged cases 99998 Missing 99999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFWTHTRMDHS (V442) reports the respondent's weight-for-height as a percent of the median weight for a reference population of the same height. For this variable, the reference population was developed by the DHS Program. This index has been adjusted for pregnant women according to duration of pregnancy. The following variables report the respondent's weight for height as a percent of the median weight for different reference populations: BIOFWTHTRMFOG (V443) uses Metropolitan Life or Fogarty reference standards BIOFWTHTRMWHO (V444) uses WHO reference standards IPUMS Weight for height percent of reference median (MetLife or Fogarty) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (MetLife or Fogarty) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (MetLife or Fogarty) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (MetLife or Fogarty) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (MetLife or Fogarty) (respondents to women's survey) 909) WEIGHT (IN KILOGRAMS): WEIGHT: ___ 99995 Flagged cases 99998 Missing 99999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFWTHTRMFOG (V443) reports the respondent's weight-for-height as a percent of the median weight for a reference population of the same height. This variable uses the Metropolitan Life or Fogarty reference standard. This index has been adjusted for pregnant women according to duration of pregnancy. The following variables report the respondent's weight for height as a percent of the median weight for different reference populations: BIOFWTHTRMDHS (V442) uses a DHS reference standard BIOFWTHTRMWHO (V444) uses the WHO reference standard IPUMS Weight for height percent of reference median (WHO) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (WHO) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (WHO) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (WHO) (respondents to women's survey) Weight for height percent of reference median (WHO) (respondents to women's survey) 909) WEIGHT (IN KILOGRAMS): WEIGHT: ___ 99995 Flagged cases 99998 Missing 99999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFWTHTRMWHO (V444) reports the respondent's weight-for-height as a percent of the median weight for a reference population of the same height. This variable uses the World Health Organization (WHO) reference standard. This index has been adjusted for pregnant women according to duration of pregnancy. The following variables report the respondent's weight for height as a percent of the median weight for different reference populations: BIOFWTHTRMDHS (V442) uses a DHS reference standard BIOFWTHTRMFOG (V444) uses the Metropolitan Life or Fogarty reference standard IPUMS Body Mass Index (BMI) for respondents to the women's survey Body Mass Index (BMI) for respondents to the women's survey Body Mass Index (BMI) for respondents to the women's survey Body Mass Index (BMI) for respondents to the women's survey Body Mass Index (BMI) for respondents to the women's survey 909) WEIGHT (IN KILOGRAMS): WEIGHT: ___ 9995 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFBMI (V445) reports the female respondent's body mass index (BMI). BMI is an anthropometric measure relating weight to height, equal to body weight (kilograms) divided by height (meters) squared (W/(H^2)). Also known as the Quetelet Index, BMI is a measure of acute nutritional status, based on the Fogarty Metropolitan Life tables of ideal weight for height. The DHS Guide to Statistics offers the following guidelines for interpreting BMI scores for women age 15-49: Severely thin: less than 16.0 Moderately thin: 16.0 to 16.9 Mildly thin: 17.0 to 18.4 Normal: 18.5 to 24.9 Overweight: 25.0 to 29.9 Obese: 30.0 or more The original height and weight values used to calculate BMI are also included in IPUMS-DHS. WEIGHTFEM (V437) reports the respondent's weight in kilograms, as measured by DHS personnel; HEIGHTFEM (V438) reports the person's length or height in centimeters, as measured by DHS personnel. For an alternate measure of female nutrition, IPUMS-DHS users may also be interested in BIOFROHRER (V446), which reports the respondent's Rohrer's Index. This measure is equal to body weight (kilograms) divided by height (meters) cubed (W/(H^3)). IPUMS Rohrer's index (mass/height cubed) (for respondents to female survey) Rohrer's index (mass/height cubed) (for respondents to female survey) Rohrer's index (mass/height cubed) (for respondents to female survey) Rohrer's index (mass/height cubed) (for respondents to female survey) Rohrer's index (mass/height cubed) (for respondents to female survey) 909) WEIGHT (IN KILOGRAMS): WEIGHT: ___ 9995 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) BIOFROHRER (V446) reports the respondent's Rohrer's Index. Rohrer's Index is an anthropometric measure relating weight to height, equal to body weight (kilograms) divided by height (meters) cubed (W/(H^3)). Rohrer's Index is a measure of acute nutritional status, and may be used as an alternative to Body Mass Index. The original height and weight values used to calculate Rohrer's Index are also included in IPUMS-DHS. WEIGHTFEM (V437) reports the respondent's weight in kilograms as measured by DHS personnel; HEIGHTFEM (V438) reports their length or height in centimeters as measured by DHS personnel. For an alternate measure of female nutrition, IPUMS-DHS users may also be interested in BIOFBMI (V445), which reports the respondent's Body Mass Index (BMI), which is equal to body weight (kilograms) divided by height (meters) squared (W/(H^2)). IPUMS Result of measurement of the respondent Result of measurement of the respondent Result of measurement of the respondent Result of measurement of the respondent Result of measurement of the respondent 912) RESULT (WEIGHT AND HEIGHT): MEASURED 1 CHILD SICK 2 ABSENT 3 REFUSED 4 MOTHER REFUSED 5 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 6 00 Measured 10 Not measured 11 Sick 12 Not present 13 Refused 14 Incapacitated 15 Technical problems 19 Other 20 No measurement found in household 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) BIOFWHYNOTMEAS (V447) indicates whether the respondent was measured for height and weight, or, if not, why she was not measured. All "Not measured" responses have a common first digit of "1," while the second digit reveals the reason (e.g., sick, not present, refused). IPUMS Arm circumference (cm) Arm circumference (cm) Arm circumference (cm) Arm circumference (cm) Arm circumference (cm) 910) ARM CIRCUMFERENCE (IN CENTIMETERS): CIRCUMFERENCE: ___ 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For women who gave birth in the three to five years before the survey, BIOFARMCIRCCM (V436) reports the circumference of the respondent's left upper arm in millimeters. Dividing BIOFARMCIRCCM by 10 yields the respondent's measured arm circumference in centimeters. IPUMS-DHS has not recoded any numeric values in BIOFARMCIRCCM. However, some values are outside of a plausible range for adult arm circumference. Researchers are encouraged to set upper and lower bounds to reflect a plausible range. IPUMS Whether and when this child's pregnancy wanted Whether and when this child's pregnancy wanted Whether and when this child's pregnancy wanted Whether and when this child's pregnancy wanted Whether and when this child's pregnancy wanted 403) At the time you became pregnant with (NAME), did you want to become pregnant then, did you want to wait until later, or did you want no more children at all? THEN 1 (GO TO 405) LATER 2 NO MORE 3 (GO TO 405) 1 Wanted then 2 Wanted later 3 No more wanted 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years preceding the survey, CHDESIRE (M10) indicates whether the child was wanted at the time of pregnancy, was wanted but later, or was not wanted at all. IPUMS Time wanted to wait before pregnancy Time wanted to wait before pregnancy Time wanted to wait before pregnancy Time wanted to wait before pregnancy Time wanted to wait before pregnancy 404) How much longer would you have liked to have waited? MONTHS: ___ 1 YEARS: ___ 2 DON'T KNOW 998 100 MONTHS 101 1 month 102 2 months 103 3 104 4 105 5 106 6 107 7 108 8 109 9 110 10 111 11 112 12 113 13 114 14 115 15 116 16 117 17 118 18 119 19 120 20 121 21 122 22 123 23 124 24 125 25 126 26 127 27 128 28 129 29 130 30 131 31 132 32 133 33 134 34 135 35 136 36 137 37 138 38 139 39 140 40 141 41 142 42 143 43 144 44 145 45 146 46 147 47 148 48 149 49 150 50 151 51 152 52 153 53 154 54 155 55 156 56 157 57 158 58 159 59 160 60 161 61 162 62 163 63 164 64 165 65 166 66 167 67 168 68 169 69 170 70 171 71 172 72 173 73 174 74 175 75 176 76 177 77 178 78 179 79 180 80 181 81 182 82 183 83 184 84 185 85 186 86 187 87 188 88 189 89 190 90 191 91 192 92 193 93 194 94 195 95 196 96 197 97 198 98 199 Months, number unspecified 200 YEARS 201 1 year 202 2 years 203 3 204 4 205 5 206 6 207 7 208 8 209 9 210 10 211 11 212 12 213 13 214 14 215 15 216 16 217 17 218 18 219 19 220 20 221 21 222 22 223 23 224 24 225 25 226 26 227 27 228 28 229 29 230 30+ 299 Years, number unspecified 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years before the survey to women who wanted to become pregnant later, CHDESIREL (M11) reports the length of time the mother would have wanted to wait for that pregnancy. Following DHS convention, intervals reported in weeks are coded with a "1" in the first digit, while intervals reported in years are coded with a "2" in the first digit. IPUMS Sex of child Sex of child Sex of child Sex of child Sex of child 214) Is (NAME) a boy or a girl? BOY 1 GIRL 2 1 Male 2 Female KIDSEX (B4) reports the sex of the child. IPUMS Child is alive Child is alive Child is alive Child is alive Child is alive 216) Is (NAME) still alive? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 220) No 1 Yes KIDALIVE (B5) reports whether the child was alive or dead at the time of interview. IPUMS Child's month of birth Child's month of birth Child's month of birth Child's month of birth Child's month of birth 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December KIDBIRTHMO (B1) reports the child's month of birth, according to the Gregorian calendar. IPUMS Child's year of birth Child's year of birth Child's year of birth Child's year of birth Child's year of birth 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 1948 1948 1949 1949 1950 1950 1951 1951 1952 1952 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 KIDBIRTHYR (B2) reports the child's year of birth, according to the Gregorian calendar. IPUMS Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth Completeness of information about child's age and date of birth 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 Month, year, and day complete 02 Month and year complete 03 Year and season 04 Year, season, and age - month imputed 05 Year and age - month imputed 06 Year and age - year ignored 07 Month and age - year imputed 08 Year - age calculated, month imputed 09 Year - age and month imputed 10 Age - year calculated, month imputed 11 Age - year and month imputed 12 Month - age, year imputed 13 None - all imputed 96 Inconsistent 98 Missing KIDAGEINFO (B10) reports the completeness of information about the child's age and date of birth. IPUMS Current age of child in years Current age of child in years Current age of child in years Current age of child in years Current age of child in years 217) IF ALIVE: How old was (NAME) at his/her last birthday? RECORD AGE IN COMPLETED YEARS. AGE IN YEARS: ___ 00 Less than 1 year 01 1 year 02 2 years 03 3 years 04 4 years 05 5 years 06 6 years 07 7 years 08 8 years 09 9 years 10 10 years 11 11 years 12 12 years 13 13 years 14 14 years 15 15 years 16 16 years 17 17 years 18 18 years 19 19 years 20 20 years 21 21 years 22 22 years 23 23 years 24 24 years 25 25 years 26 26 years 27 27 years 28 28 years 29 29 years 30 30 years 31 31 years 32 32 years 33 33 years 34 34 years 35 35 years 36 36 years 37 37 years 38 38 years 39 39 years 40 40 years 41 41 years 42 42 years 97 Don't know 99 NIU (not in universe) KIDCURAGE (B8) reports the current age of the child, in years, at the time of the survey. IPUMS Child's date of birth (CMC) Child's date of birth (CMC) Child's date of birth (CMC) Child's date of birth (CMC) Child's date of birth (CMC) 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ KIDDOBCMC (B3) reports the century month code for the date of birth of the child. KIDDOBCMC (B3) is a 4-digit variable. IPUMS Child's birth order number Child's birth order number Child's birth order number Child's birth order number Child's birth order number 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 KIDBORD (BORD) reports the birth order in which the child was born, from 1 to n, where 1 = the first child born to a mother, and the nth birth is the most recently born child. Up to 20 births could be reported by a woman. IPUMS Child is twin or single birth Child is twin or single birth Child is twin or single birth Child is twin or single birth Child is twin or single birth 213) When (NAME) was born, was he/she alone or did he/she have a twin? SINGLE 1 MULTIPLE 2 10 Single birth/not a twin 20 Twin or multiple 21 1st of multiple births 22 2nd of multiple births 23 3rd of multiple births 24 4th of multiple births 25 5th of multiple births 26 6th of multiple births KIDTWIN (B0) reports whether the child is a twin (or born in a multiple birth) or is a single birth. IPUMS Child age at death (non-imputed) Child age at death (non-imputed) Child age at death (non-imputed) Child age at death (non-imputed) Child age at death (non-imputed) 220) IF DECEASED: How old was he/she when he/she died? IF '1 YR', PROBE: How many months old was (NAME)? RECORD DAYS IF LESS THAN ONE MONTH, MONTHS IF LESS THAN TWO YEARS, OR IN YEARS. DAYS: ___ 1 MONTHS: ___ 2 YEARS: ___ 3 100 Days: Died on day of birth 101 1 day 102 2 days 103 3 days 104 4 days 105 5 days 106 6 days 107 7 days 108 8 days 109 9 days 110 10 days 111 11 days 112 12 days 113 13 days 114 14 days 115 15 days 116 16 days 117 17 days 118 18 days 119 19 days 120 20 days 121 21 days 122 22 days 123 23 days 124 24 days 125 25 days 126 26 days 127 27 days 128 28 days 129 29 days 130 30 days 131 31 days 132 32 days 133 33 days 134 34 days 135 35 days 136 36 days 137 37 days 138 38 days 139 39 days 140 40 days 141 41 days 142 42 days 143 43 days 144 44 days 145 45 days 198 Days, unknown 199 Days old, number missing 200 Months old: Month of birth 201 1 month 202 2 months 203 3 months 204 4 months 205 5 months 206 6 months 207 7 months 208 8 months 209 9 months 210 10 months 211 11 months 212 12 months 213 13 months 214 14 months 215 15 months 216 16 months 217 17 months 218 18 months 219 19 months 220 20 months 221 21 months 222 22 months 223 23 months 224 24 months 225 25 months 226 26 months 227 27 months 228 28 months 229 29 months 230 30 months 231 31 months 232 32 months 233 33 months 234 34 months 235 35 months 236 36 months 237 37 months 238 38 months 239 39 months 240 40 months 241 41 months 242 42 months 243 43 months 244 44 months 245 45 months 246 46 months 247 47 months 248 48 months 249 49 months 250 50 months 251 51 months 252 52 months 253 53 months 254 54 months 255 55 months 256 56 months 257 57 months 258 58 months 259 59 months 260 60 months 261 61 months 262 62 months 263 63 months 264 64 months 265 65 months 266 66 months 297 Months, inconsistent 298 Months, unknown 299 Months old, number missing 300 Years 301 1 year 302 2 years 303 3 years 304 4 years 305 5 years 306 6 years 307 7 years 308 8 years 309 9 years 310 10 years 311 11 years 312 12 years 313 13 years 314 14 years 315 15 years 316 16 years 317 17 years 318 18 years 319 19 years 320 20 years 321 21 years 322 22 years 323 23 years 324 24 years 325 25 years 326 26 years 327 27 years 328 28 years 329 29 years 330 30 years 331 31 years 332 32 years 333 33 years 334 34 years 335 35 years 336 36 years 337 37 years 338 38 years 339 39 years 340 40 years 397 Years old, number inconsistent 398 Years old, number unknown 399 Years old, number missing 997 Inconsistent 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For deceased children, KIDAGEDEATH (B6) reports the age of the child at death in days, months or years. The first digit of the codes indicates the time unit: 1 for days, 2 for months, 3 for years. IPUMS Child's age at death in month (including imputed) Child's age at death in month (including imputed) Child's age at death in month (including imputed) Child's age at death in month (including imputed) Child's age at death in month (including imputed) 220) IF DECEASED: How old was he/she when he/she died? IF '1 YR', PROBE: How many months old was (NAME)? RECORD DAYS IF LESS THAN ONE MONTH, MONTHS IF LESS THAN TWO YEARS, OR IN YEARS. DAYS: ___ 1 MONTHS: ___ 2 YEARS: ___ 3 999 NIU (not in universe) For deceased children, KIDAGEDIEDIMP (B7) reports the age of the child at death in months (including imputed ages). IPUMS Flags for reported age at death of child Flags for reported age at death of child Flags for reported age at death of child Flags for reported age at death of child Flags for reported age at death of child No flag 1 Reported age places death after interview 2 Reported age less than reported duration breastfeeding 3 Reported age less than age given supplemental food 4 Reported age less than age first breastfed 5 Reported age before last vaccination 6 Reported age outside expected range for units 7 Reported age was imputed, units given 8 Reported age was imputed, units not given 9 NIU (not in universe) KIDAGEDEATHFLAG (B13) reports the type of problem, if any, found when editing responses about the child's age at death (in KIDAGEDEATH). A code of 0 indicates no problem with the original response. IPUMS Child lives with female respondent or with others Child lives with female respondent or with others Child lives with female respondent or with others Child lives with female respondent or with others Child lives with female respondent or with others 218) IF ALIVE: Is (NAME) living with you? YES 1 (GO TO NEXT BIRTH) NO 2 10 Woman respondent 20 Elsewhere 21 With father 22 With other relative 23 With someone else 24 Child age 15+, lives elsewhere 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) KIDLIVESWITH (B9) reports the person the child usually lives with (i.e., the child's mother or someone else). IPUMS Length of preceding birth interval, in months Length of preceding birth interval, in months Length of preceding birth interval, in months Length of preceding birth interval, in months Length of preceding birth interval, in months 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 005 5 004 4 003 3 002 2 001 1 000 998 Missing 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 035 35 036 36 037 37 038 38 039 39 040 40 041 41 042 42 043 43 044 44 045 45 046 46 047 47 048 48 049 49 050 50 051 51 052 52 053 53 054 54 055 55 056 56 057 57 058 58 059 59 060 60 061 61 062 62 063 63 064 64 065 65 066 66 067 67 068 68 069 69 070 70 071 71 072 72 073 73 074 74 075 75 076 76 077 77 078 78 079 79 080 80 081 81 082 82 083 83 084 84 085 85 086 86 087 87 088 88 089 89 090 90 091 91 092 92 093 93 094 94 095 95 096 96 097 97 098 98 099 99 100 100 101 101 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 107 107 108 108 109 109 110 110 111 111 112 112 113 113 114 114 115 115 116 116 117 117 118 118 119 119 120 120 121 121 122 122 123 123 124 124 125 125 126 126 127 127 128 128 129 129 130 130 131 131 132 132 133 133 134 134 135 135 136 136 137 137 138 138 139 139 140 140 141 141 142 142 143 143 144 144 145 145 146 146 147 147 148 148 149 149 150 150 151 151 152 152 153 153 154 154 155 155 156 156 157 157 158 158 159 159 160 160 161 161 162 162 163 163 164 164 165 165 166 166 167 167 168 168 169 169 170 170 171 171 172 172 173 173 174 174 175 175 176 176 177 177 178 178 179 179 180 180 181 181 182 182 183 183 184 184 185 185 186 186 187 187 188 188 189 189 190 190 191 191 192 192 193 193 194 194 195 195 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 200 200 201 201 202 202 203 203 204 204 205 205 206 206 207 207 208 208 209 209 210 210 211 211 212 212 213 213 214 214 215 215 216 216 217 217 218 218 219 219 220 220 221 221 222 222 223 223 224 224 225 225 226 226 227 227 228 228 229 229 230 230 231 231 232 232 233 233 234 234 235 235 236 236 237 237 238 238 239 239 240 240 241 241 242 242 243 243 244 244 245 245 246 246 247 247 248 248 249 249 250 250 251 251 252 252 253 253 254 254 255 255 256 256 257 257 258 258 259 259 260 260 261 261 262 262 263 263 264 264 265 265 266 266 267 267 268 268 269 269 270 270 271 271 272 272 273 273 274 274 275 275 276 276 277 277 278 278 279 279 280 280 281 281 282 282 283 283 284 284 285 285 286 286 287 287 288 288 289 289 290 290 291 291 292 292 293 293 294 294 295 295 296 296 297 297 298 298 299 299 300 300 301 301 302 302 303 303 304 304 305 305 306 306 307 307 308 308 309 309 310 310 311 311 312 312 313 313 314 314 315 315 316 316 317 317 318 318 319 319 320 320 321 321 322 322 323 323 324 324 325 325 326 326 327 327 328 328 329 329 330 330 331 331 332 332 333 333 334 334 335 335 336 336 337 337 338 338 339 339 340 340 341 341 342 342 343 343 344 344 345 345 346 346 347 347 348 348 349 349 350 350 351 351 352 352 353 353 354 354 355 355 356 356 357 357 358 358 359 359 360 360 361 361 362 362 363 363 364 364 365 365 999 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years preceding the survey who are not the first-born, or the twin of the first-born, child, BIRTHINTPREMO (B11) indicates the preceding birth interval, or the length of time in months the child was born after the mother's previous birth (i.e., after the child's first older sibling). IPUMS Length of following birth interval, in months Length of following birth interval, in months Length of following birth interval, in months Length of following birth interval, in months Length of following birth interval, in months 215) In what month and year was (NAME) born? PROBE: What is his or her birthday? OR: In what season was he/she born? IF MONTH/SEASON UNKNOWN, ENTER '98'. MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 999 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years preceding the survey who are not the last-born, or twin of the last-born, child, BIRTHINTPOSTMO (B12) indicates the succeeding birth interval, or the length of time in months the child was born before the mother's next birth (or before the child's first younger sibling). IPUMS Age of child in months Age of child in months Age of child in months Age of child in months Age of child in months 904) BIRTH DATE FROM QUESTION 105 FOR RESPONDENT AND 215 FOR CHILDREN, AND ASK THE DATE OF BIRTH: MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children born in the three to five years before the survey, KIDAGEMO (HW1) reports the child's age in months at the time of the mother's interview (and at the time of the height and weight measurement of the child). This information is useful for calculating child malnutrition indicators such as height-for-age (stunting) and weight-for-age (underweight). The DHS Recode manuals report that the child's age in months is calculated from the century month code of the date of interview minus the century month code of the date of birth of the child. IPUMS Child's weight in kilograms Child's weight in kilograms Child's weight in kilograms Child's weight in kilograms Child's weight in kilograms 909) WEIGHT (IN KILOGRAMS): WEIGHT: ___ 9994 Not present 9995 Refused 9996 Other 9997 Weight out of range 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children born in the three to five years before the survey, HWWEIGHT (HW2) reports the child's weight as measured by DHS personnel. HWWEIGHT values are reported in tenths of a kilogram, to preserve one kilogram decimal place without requiring the use of a decimal point. Dividing the HWWEIGHT value by 10 will yield the child's measured weight in kilograms. IPUMS Child's height in centimeters Child's height in centimeters Child's height in centimeters Child's height in centimeters Child's height in centimeters 907) HEIGHT (IN CENTIMETERS): HEIGHT: ___ 9994 Not present 9995 Refused 9996 Other 9997 Out of range 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children born in the three to five years before the survey, HWHEIGHT (HW3) reports the child's height as measured by DHS personnel. HWHEIGHT values are reported in millimeters, to preserve one centimeter decimal place without requiring the use of a decimal point. Dividing HWHEIGHT by 10 will yield the child's measured height in centimeters. In most surveys, HWHEIGHT was measured as a standing height for children at least 24 months old and as a recumbent length (with the child lying down) for children less than 24 months old, following WHO guidelines. As the DHS recode manuals note, however, there may be discrepancies between policy and practice with respect to this protocol. The related variable HWHTHOWMEAS indicates whether the child's height was measured as a recumbent length or a standing height, and is available for most surveys from Phase 2 forward. IPUMS Index to birth history, for child measurement Index to birth history, for child measurement Index to birth history, for child measurement Index to birth history, for child measurement Index to birth history, for child measurement 902) LINE NUMBER FROM QUESTION 212: LINE NUMBER: ___ 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 9 NIU (not in universe) HWINDEX (HWIDX) reports the line number, in the birth history, of children under age 5 who were included in the health history of the women's questionnaire and who were potential subjects for height and weight measurement. The most recently born child would be coded 1, and the line number of the child should match the number in BIDX (index to birth history) and HIDX (index to children in health history). IPUMS Weight for height percentile (CDC standards) Weight for height percentile (CDC standards) Weight for height percentile (CDC standards) Weight for height percentile (CDC standards) Weight for height percentile (CDC standards) 909) WEIGHT (IN KILOGRAMS): WEIGHT: ___ 9997 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children born in the three to five years before the survey, HWWTHTPCT (HW10) reports the child's weight-for-height percentile, based on smoothed percentile growth charts by height and sex developed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control. Low child weight-for-height, or "wasting," is an indicator of acute malnutrition. The 5th percentile on growth charts has often been used as a screening cutoff to identify infants and children at greater nutritional and health risk. HWWEIGHT (HW2) reports the child's weight as measured by DHS personnel. HWHEIGHT (HW3) reports the child's measured height in centimeters. The related variable KIDAGEMO (HW1) reports the child's age in months at the time of measurement. For an alternative measure of child wasting in terms of weight-for-height using the same reference population, see HWWHZNCHS (HW11). HWWHZNCHS reports the difference between the child's weight and the median weight of the CDC reference population of the same height and sex, expressed in units equal to one standard deviation of the reference population's distribution. IPUMS Weight for height standard deviations from reference median (CDC) Weight for height standard deviations from reference median (CDC) Weight for height standard deviations from reference median (CDC) Weight for height standard deviations from reference median (CDC) Weight for height standard deviations from reference median (CDC) 909) WEIGHT (IN KILOGRAMS): WEIGHT: ___ 9997 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children born in the three to five years before the survey, HWWHZNCHS (HW11) reports the difference between the child's weight and the median weight of a reference population of the same height and sex, expressed in units equal to one standard deviation of the reference population's distribution. An anthropometry measure expressed in reference standard deviation units is also known as a Z-score. HWWHZNCHS values are provided in units equal to 100 times the Z-score, to preserve two decimal places without requiring the use of a decimal point. Dividing HWWHZNCHS by 100 will yield a child's weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ) value. Low child weight-for-height, or "wasting," is an indicator of acute malnutrition. The WHO Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition [URL omitted from DDI.] considers a weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ) between -2 and -3 to represent moderate acute malnutrition, and WHZ below -3 to represent severe acute malnutrition. Reference populations used to generate HWWHZNCHS draw from 1978 U.S. CDC National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) international growth reference [URL omitted from DDI.] data. This reference was considered standard by WHO until the 2006 release of the WHO Multicenter Growth Reference Study (MGRS), which generated new standard anthropometry curves using a globally diverse reference population intended to reflect healthy growth conditions. DHS has continued to release child anthropometric variables using NCHS/CDC 1978 reference populations, to preserve comparability with samples preceding the 2006 WHO MGRS release. DHS has also created anthropometric Z-score variables using WHO MGRS 2006 reference populations. The variable HWWHZWHO (HW72) uses WHO MGRS 2006 reference populations to generate weight-for-height Z-scores. This variable was generated for all DHS samples including the necessary anthropometric measurements, including those preceding 2006. HWWEIGHT (HW2) reports the child's weight as measured by DHS personnel, and HWHEIGHT (HW3) reports the child's length or height as measured by DHS personnel. See HWHEIGHT (HW3) and HWHTHOWMEAS (HW15) for specifics on child length/height measurement. The complementary DHS variable HWWTHTPCT (HW10) reports the child's weight-for-height percentile within the same reference population used in HWWHZNCHS. The complementary DHS variable HWWTHTPCTRM (HW12) reports the child's weight-for-height as a percentage of the median of the same reference population. Unlike z-scores, percentiles do not allow comparison across age and sex and cannot assess longitudinal change in growth status; users are advised to consult anthropometry literature [URL omitted from DDI.] for further discussion. IPUMS Weight for height percent of reference median (CDC standards) Weight for height percent of reference median (CDC standards) Weight for height percent of reference median (CDC standards) Weight for height percent of reference median (CDC standards) Weight for height percent of reference median (CDC standards) 909) WEIGHT (IN KILOGRAMS): WEIGHT: ___ 99997 Flagged cases 99998 Missing 99999 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children born in the three to five years before the survey, HWWTHTPCTRM (HW12) reports the child's weight-for-height as a percent of the median weight in growth charts by height and sex developed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control. Low child weight-for-height, or "wasting," is an indicator of acute malnutrition. The 5th percentile on growth charts has often been used as a screening cutoff to identify infants and children at greater nutritional and health risk. HWWEIGHT (HW2) reports the child's weight as measured by DHS personnel. HWHEIGHT (HW3) reports the child's measured height in centimeters. The related variable KIDAGEMO (HW1) reports the child's age in months at the time of measurement. For an alternative measure of child wasting in terms of weight-for-height using the same reference population, see HWWHZNCHS (HW11). HWWHZNCHS reports the difference between the child's weight and the median weight of the CDC reference population of the same height and sex, expressed in units equal to one standard deviation of the reference population's distribution. IPUMS Weight for age percentile (CDC standards) Weight for age percentile (CDC standards) Weight for age percentile (CDC standards) Weight for age percentile (CDC standards) Weight for age percentile (CDC standards) 909) WEIGHT (IN KILOGRAMS): WEIGHT: ___ 9997 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children born in the three to five years before the survey, HWWTAPCT (HW7) reports the child's weight-for-age percentile, based on smoothed percentile growth charts by age and sex developed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control. Low child weight-for-age, or "underweight," is an indicator of chronic and/or acute malnutrition. The 5th percentile on growth charts has often been used as a screening cutoff to identify infants and children at greater nutritional and health risk. HWWEIGHT (HW2) reports the child's weight as measured by DHS personnel. The related variable KIDAGEMO (HW1) reports the child's age in months at the time of measurement. For an alternative measure of child wasting in terms of weight-for-age using the same reference population, see HWWAZNCHS (HW8). HWWAZNCHS reports the difference between the child's weight and the median weight of the CDC reference population of the same age and sex, expressed in units equal to one standard deviation of the reference population's distribution. IPUMS Weight for age standard deviations from reference median (CDC) Weight for age standard deviations from reference median (CDC) Weight for age standard deviations from reference median (CDC) Weight for age standard deviations from reference median (CDC) Weight for age standard deviations from reference median (CDC) 909) WEIGHT (IN KILOGRAMS): WEIGHT: ___ 9997 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children born in the three to five years before the survey, HWWAZNCHS (HW8) reports the difference between the child's weight and the median weight of a reference population of the same age and sex, expressed in units equal to one standard deviation of the reference population's distribution. An anthropometry measure expressed in reference standard deviation units is also known as a Z-score. HWWAZNCHS values are provided in units equal to 100 times the Z-score, to preserve two decimal places without requiring the use of a decimal point. Dividing HWWAZNCHS by 100 will yield a child's weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ) value. Low child weight-for-age, or "underweight," is a composite indicator of acute and/or chronic malnutrition. The WHO Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition [URL omitted from DDI.] considers a weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ) between -2 and -3 to represent moderate malnutrition, and WAZ below -3 to represent severe malnutrition. Reference populations used to generate HWWAZNCHS draw from 1978 U.S. National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) international growth reference [URL omitted from DDI.] data. This reference was considered standard by WHO until the 2006 release of the WHO Multicenter Growth Reference Study (MGRS), which generated new standard anthropometry curves using a globally diverse reference population intended to reflect healthy growth conditions. DHS has also created anthropometric Z-score variables using WHO MGRS 2006 reference populations. HWWAZWHO (HW71) uses WHO MGRS 2006 reference populations to generate weight-for-age Z-scores. This variable was generated for all samples including the necessary anthropometric measurements, including those preceding 2006. HWWEIGHT (HW2) reports the child's weight in kilograms as measured by DHS personnel. KIDAGEMO (HW1) reports the child's age in months at the time of measurement. IPUMS Weight for age percent of the reference median (CDC standards) Weight for age percent of the reference median (CDC standards) Weight for age percent of the reference median (CDC standards) Weight for age percent of the reference median (CDC standards) Weight for age percent of the reference median (CDC standards) 909) WEIGHT (IN KILOGRAMS): WEIGHT: ___ 99998 Missing 99999 NIU (not in universe) 99997 Flagged cases For surviving children born in the three to five years before the survey, HWWTAPCTRM (HW9) reports the child's weight-for-age as a percent of the median weight for a reference population of the same age and sex. For this variable, the reference population was developed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control. Low child weight-for-age, or "underweight," is an indicator of acute and/or chronic malnutrition, HWWEIGHT (HW2) reports the child's weight as measured by DHS personnel. The related variable KIDAGEMO (HW1) reports the child's age in months at the time of measurement. The similar variable HWWTAPCT (HW7) reports the child's weight-for-age percentile relative to smoothed percentile growth charts by age and sex, for the same reference population. For an alternative measure of child stunting in terms of weight-for-age and using the same reference population, see HWWAZNCHS (HW8). HWWAZNCHS reports the difference between the child's height and the median weight of the CDC reference population of the same age and sex, expressed in units equal to one standard deviation of the reference population's distribution. IPUMS Height for Age percentile (CDC standards) Height for Age percentile (CDC standards) Height for Age percentile (CDC standards) Height for Age percentile (CDC standards) Height for Age percentile (CDC standards) 907) HEIGHT (IN CENTIMETERS): HEIGHT: ___ 9997 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children born in the three to five years before the survey, HWHTAPCT (HW4) reports the child's height-for-age percentile, based on smoothed percentile growth charts by age and sex developed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control. Low child height-for-age, or "stunting," is an indicator of chronic malnutrition, The 5th percentile on growth charts has often been used as a screening cutoff to identify infants and children at greater nutritional and health risk. HWHEIGHT (HW3) reports the child's length or height as measured by DHS personnel. See this variable and HWHTHOWMEAS (HW15) for specifics on child length/height measurement. The related variable KIDAGEMO (HW1) reports the child's age in months at the time of measurement. For an alternative measure of child stunting in terms of height-for-age for the same reference population, see HWHAZNCHS (HW5). HWHAZNCHS reports the difference between the child's height and the median height of the CDC reference population of the same age and sex, expressed in units equal to one standard deviation of the reference population's distribution. IPUMS Height for age standard deviations from reference median (CDC) Height for age standard deviations from reference median (CDC) Height for age standard deviations from reference median (CDC) Height for age standard deviations from reference median (CDC) Height for age standard deviations from reference median (CDC) 907) HEIGHT (IN CENTIMETERS): HEIGHT: ___ 9997 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children born in the three to five years before the survey, HWHAZNCHS (HW5) reports the difference between the child's height and the median height of a reference population of the same age and sex, expressed in units equal to one standard deviation of the reference population's distribution. An anthropometry measure expressed in reference standard deviation units is also known as a Z-score. HWHAZNCHS values are reported in units equal to 100 times the Z-score, to preserve two decimal places without requiring the use of a decimal point. Dividing HWHAZNCHS by 100 will yield a child's height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) value. Low child height-for-age, or "stunting," is an indicator of chronic malnutrition. The WHO Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition [URL omitted from DDI.] considers a height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) between -2 and -3 to represent moderate chronic malnutrition, and HAZ scores below -3 to represent severe chronic malnutrition. Reference populations used to generate HWHAZNCHS draw from 1978 U.S. CDC National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) international growth reference [URL omitted from DDI.] data. This reference was considered standard by WHO until the 2006 release of the WHO Multicenter Growth Reference Study (MGRS), which generated new standard anthropometry curves using a globally diverse reference population intended to reflect healthy growth conditions. DHS has continued to release anthropometric variables using NCHS/CDC 1978 reference populations, to preserve comparability with samples preceding the 2006 WHO MGRS release. DHS has also created anthropometric Z-score variables using WHO MGRS 2006 reference populations. The variable HWHAZWHO (HC70) uses WHO MGRS 2006 reference populations to generate height-for-age Z-scores. This variable was generated for all DHS samples including the necessary anthropometric measurements, including those preceding 2006. HWHEIGHT (HW3) reports the child's length or height as measured by DHS personnel. See this variable and HWHTHOWMEAS (HW15) for specifics on child length/height measurement. The related variable KIDAGEMO (HW1) reports the child's age in months at the time of measurement. The complementary DHS variable HWHTAPCT (HW4) reports the child's height-for-age percentile within the same reference population used in HWHAZNCHS. The complementary DHS variable HWHTAPCTRM (HW9) reports the child's height-for-age as a percentage of the median of the same reference population. Unlike z-scores, percentiles do not allow comparison across age and sex and cannot assess longitudinal change in growth status; users are advised to consult anthropometry literature [URL omitted from DDI.] for further discussion. IPUMS Height for age percent of reference median (CDC standards) Height for age percent of reference median (CDC standards) Height for age percent of reference median (CDC standards) Height for age percent of reference median (CDC standards) Height for age percent of reference median (CDC standards) 907) HEIGHT (IN CENTIMETERS): HEIGHT: ___ 99997 Flagged cases 99998 Missing 99999 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children born in the three to five years before the survey, HWHTAPCTRM (HW6) reports the child's height-for-age as a percent of the median height for a reference population of the same age and sex. For this variable, the reference population was developed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control. Low child height-for-age, or "stunting," is an indicator of chronic malnutrition, HWHEIGHT (HW3) reports the child's length or height as measured by DHS personnel. See this variable and HWHTHOWMEAS (HW15) for specifics on child length/height measurement. The related variable KIDAGEMO (HW1) reports the child's age in months at the time of measurement. The similar variable HWHTAPCT (HW4) reports the child's height-for-age percentile relative to smoothed percentile growth charts by age and sex, for the same reference population. For an alternative measure of child stunting in terms of height-for-age, see HWHAZNCHS (HW5). HWHAZNCHS reports the difference between the child's height and the median height of the CDC reference population of the same age and sex, expressed in units equal to one standard deviation of the reference population's distribution. IPUMS Whether child measured, and, if not, why not Whether child measured, and, if not, why not Whether child measured, and, if not, why not Whether child measured, and, if not, why not Whether child measured, and, if not, why not 912) RESULT (WEIGHT AND HEIGHT): MEASURED 1 CHILD SICK 2 ABSENT 3 REFUSED 4 MOTHER REFUSED 5 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 6 10 Measured 20 Not measured 21 Dead 22 Sick 23 Not present 24 Refused 25 Mother refused 26 Child asleep 27 Other 97 No measurement found in household 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) HWWHYNOTMEAS (HW13) indicates whether the child was measured for height and weight or, if not, why the child was not measured. All "no" responses have a common first digit of "2," while the second digit reveals the reason (e.g., consent refused, dead, sick). IPUMS BCG scar from TB vaccination seen BCG scar from TB vaccination seen BCG scar from TB vaccination seen BCG scar from TB vaccination seen BCG scar from TB vaccination seen 906) FOR CHILDREN ONLY: BCG SCAR ON LEFT FOREARM? SCAR SEEN 1 NO SCAR 2 No scar 1 Scar seen 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HWBCGSCAR (HW14) indicates whether DHS personnel saw a BCG (anti-tuberculosis) vaccination scar on the child's arm or shoulder when measuring height and weight. Direct information on whether the child received a BCG vaccination, based on the child's immunization card or the mother's report, is reported in VACBCG. IPUMS Child's height measured lying down or standing up Child's height measured lying down or standing up Child's height measured lying down or standing up Child's height measured lying down or standing up Child's height measured lying down or standing up 908) WAS HEIGHT/LENGTH OF CHILD MEASURED LYING DOWN OR STANDING UP? LYING DOWN 1 STANDING UP 2 Not measured 1 Lying down 2 Standing up 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) 6 Inconsistent HWHTHOWMEAS (HW15) reports whether the height of children under age 5 was measured when they were lying down or standing up. According to the DHS Recode Manuals: In DHS surveys, children aged less than 24 months are to be measured lying down, children 24 months or older are to be measured standing up. There may, however, be a considerable discrepancy between policy and practice! IPUMS Child's day of birth Child's day of birth Child's day of birth Child's day of birth Child's day of birth 904) BIRTH DATE FROM QUESTION 105 FOR RESPONDENT AND 215 FOR CHILDREN, AND ASK THE DATE OF BIRTH: MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children born in the three to five years before the survey, HWDAYOFBIRTH (HW16) reports the day of the month on which the child was born. The DHS recode manuals for Phase 2 forward report that the day of birth of the child is used in conjunction with the date of measurement of the child to more finely calculate the age of the child in days when computing anthropometric measures. This level of accuracy can be important in very young children. The age of the child calculated from the day of birth information is not used as a background characteristic for tabulations, but purely to produce a more accurate set of anthropometric measures. DHS analysis thus uses HWDAYOFBIRTH and the date of the child's height and weight measurement to precisely calculate child malnutrition indicators such as height-for-age (stunting) and weight-for-age (underweight) Z-scores. IPUMS Day of measurement Day of measurement Day of measurement Day of measurement Day of measurement 911) DATE WEIGHED AND MEASURED: DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children born in the three to five years before the survey, HWDAYMEAS (HW17) indicates the day of the month on which the child's height and weight were measured by DHS personnel. The child's age in days on the day of measurement is used in DHS calculations of anthropometric Z-scores. The complementary variables HWMONTHMEAS and HWYEARMEAS report the month and the year, respectively, of the child's height and weight measurement. IPUMS Month of measurement Month of measurement Month of measurement Month of measurement Month of measurement 911) DATE WEIGHED AND MEASURED: DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children born in the three to five years before the survey, HWMONTHMEAS (HW18) reports the month of the year during which the child's height and weight were measured by DHS personnel. The complementary variables HWDAYMEAS and HWYEARMEAS report the day (of the month) and the year, respectively, of the child's height and weight measurement. IPUMS Year of measurement Year of measurement Year of measurement Year of measurement Year of measurement 911) DATE WEIGHED AND MEASURED: DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 2016 2016 2015 2015 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) 2017 2017 2018 2018 For surviving children born in the three to five years before the survey, HWYEARMEAS (HW19) reports the year during which the child's height and weight were measured by DHS personnel. The complementary variables HWDAYMEAS and HWMONTHMEAS report the day and the month, respectively, of the child's height and weight measurement. IPUMS Height for age standard deviations from median (WHO) Height for age standard deviations from median (WHO) Height for age standard deviations from median (WHO) Height for age standard deviations from median (WHO) Height for age standard deviations from median (WHO) 9995 Height out of plausible limits 9996 Age in days out of plausible limits 9997 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children born in the three to five years before the survey, HWHAZWHO (HW70) reports the difference between the child's height and the median height of a reference population of the same age and sex, expressed in units equal to one standard deviation of the reference population's distribution. An anthropometry measure expressed in reference standard deviation units is also known as a Z-score. HWHAZWHO values are reported in units equal to 100 times the Z-score, to preserve two decimal places without requiring the use of a decimal point. Dividing HWHAZWHO by 100 will yield a child's height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) value. Low child height-for-age, or "stunting," is an indicator of chronic malnutrition. The WHO Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition [URL omitted from DDI.] considers a height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) between -2 and -3 to represent moderate chronic malnutrition, and HAZ below -3 to represent severe chronic malnutrition. Reference populations used to generate HWHAZWHO draw from the WHO Multicenter Growth Reference Study (MGRS) [URL omitted from DDI.] released in 2006, which defined new standard anthropometry curves using a globally diverse reference population intended to reflect healthy growth conditions. For DHS samples that preceded WHO MGRS release, DHS retroactively calculated height-for-age Z scores using WHO MGRS reference data. Prior to the WHO MGRS, DHS anthropometry reference populations drew from 1978 U.S. CDC National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) international growth reference [URL omitted from DDI.], which was the previous international standard reference. The DHS variable HWHAZNCHS reports the child's height-for-age Z-score value using the NCHS/CDC 1978 reference population. DHS has continued to release versions of all child anthropometric variables using NCHS/CDC 1978 reference populations, to preserve comparability with samples preceding the 2006 WHO MGRS release. HWHEIGHT (HW3) reports the child's length or height as measured by DHS personnel. See this variable and HWHTHOWMEAS (HW15) for specifics on child length/height measurement. The related variable KIDAGEMO (HW1) reports the child's age in months at the time of measurement. IPUMS Weight for age standard deviations from median (WHO) Weight for age standard deviations from median (WHO) Weight for age standard deviations from median (WHO) Weight for age standard deviations from median (WHO) Weight for age standard deviations from median (WHO) 9995 Height out of plausible limits 9996 Age in days out of plausible limits 9997 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children born in the three to five years before the survey, HWWAZWHO (HW71) reports the difference between the child's weight and the median weight of a reference population of the same age and sex, expressed in units equal to one standard deviation of the reference population's distribution. An anthropometry measure expressed in reference standard deviation units is also known as a Z-score. HWWAZWHO values are reported in units equal to 100 times the Z-score, to preserve two decimal places without requiring the use of a decimal point. Dividing HWWAZWHO by 100 will yield a child's weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ) value. Low child weight-for-age, or "underweight," is a composite indicator of acute and/or chronic malnutrition. The WHO Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition [URL omitted from DDI.] considers a weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ) between -2 and -3 to represent moderate malnutrition, and WAZ below -3 to represent severe malnutrition. Reference populations used to generate HWWAZWHO draw from the WHO Multicenter Growth Reference Study (MGRS) [URL omitted from DDI.] released in 2006, which defined new standard anthropometry curves using a globally diverse reference population intended to reflect healthy growth conditions. For DHS samples that preceded WHO MGRS release, DHS retroactively calculated weight-for-age Z scores using WHO MGRS reference data. Prior to the WHO MGRS, DHS anthropometry reference populations drew from 1978 U.S. CDC National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) international growth reference [URL omitted from DDI.] data, which was the previous international standard reference. The DHS variable HWWAZNCHS (HW8) reports the child's weight-for-age Z-score value using the NCHS/CDC 1978 reference population. DHS has continued to release versions of all child anthropometric variables using NCHS/CDC 1978 reference populations, to preserve comparability with samples preceding the 2006 WHO MGRS release. HWWEIGHT (HW2) reports the child's weight as measured by DHS personnel. KIDAGEMO (HW1) reports the child's age in months at the time of measurement. IPUMS Weight for height standard deviations from median (WHO) Weight for height standard deviations from median (WHO) Weight for height standard deviations from median (WHO) Weight for height standard deviations from median (WHO) Weight for height standard deviations from median (WHO) 9995 Height out of plausible limits 9996 Age in days out of plausible limits 9997 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children born in the three to five years before the survey, HWWHZWHO (HW72) reports the difference between the child's weight and the median weight of a reference population of the same height and sex, expressed in units equal to one standard deviation of the reference population's distribution. An anthropometry measure expressed in reference standard deviation units is also known as a Z-score. HWWHZWHO values are reported in units equal to 100 times the Z-score, to preserve two decimal places without requiring the use of a decimal point. Dividing HWWHZWHO by 100 will yield a child's weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ) value. Low child weight-for-height, or "wasting," is an indicator of acute malnutrition. The WHO Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition [URL omitted from DDI.] considers a weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ) between -2 and -3 to represent moderate acute malnutrition, and WHZ below -3 to represent severe acute malnutrition. Reference populations used to generate HWWHZWHO draw from the WHO Multicenter Growth Reference Study (MGRS) [URL omitted from DDI.] released in 2006, which defined new standard anthropometry curves using a globally diverse reference population intended to reflect healthy growth conditions. For DHS samples that preceded WHO MGRS release, DHS retroactively calculated weight-for-height Z scores using WHO MGRS reference data. Prior to the WHO MGRS, DHS anthropometry reference populations drew from 1978 U.S. CDC National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) international growth reference [URL omitted from DDI.] data, which was the previous international standard reference. The DHS variable HWWHZNCHS (H11) reports the child's weight-for-height Z-score value using the NCHS/CDC 1978 reference population. DHS has continued to release versions of all child anthropometric variables using NCHS/CDC 1978 reference populations, to preserve comparability with samples preceding the 2006 WHO MGRS release. HWWEIGHT (HW2) reports the child's weight in kilograms as measured by DHS personnel. HWHEIGHT (HW3) reports the child's length or height in centimeters as measured by DHS personnel. See HWHEIGHT and HWHTHOWMEAS (HW15) for specifics on child length/height measurement. IPUMS Body Mass Index standard deviations (WHO) Body Mass Index standard deviations (WHO) Body Mass Index standard deviations (WHO) Body Mass Index standard deviations (WHO) Body Mass Index standard deviations (WHO) 9995 Height out of plausible limits 9996 Age in days out of plausible limits 9997 Flagged cases 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children born in the three to five years before the survey, HWBMIZWHO (HW73) reports the difference between the child's body mass index (BMI) and the median BMI of a reference population of the same age and sex, expressed in units equal to one standard deviation of the reference population's distribution. An anthropometry measure expressed in reference standard deviation units is also known as a Z-score. HWBMIZWHO values are reported in units equal to 100 times the Z-score, to preserve two decimal places without requiring the use of a decimal point. Dividing HWBMIZWHO by 100 will yield a child's BMI-for-age Z-score (BMIZ) value. BMI is an anthropometric measure relating weight to height, equal to body weight (kilograms) divided by height (meters) squared. Considered in relation to a reference population, child BMI-for-age is valuable for assessing either underweight or overweight status, and particularly useful in settings where child malnutrition and child obesity coexist. Reference populations used to generate HWBMIZWHO draw from the WHO Multicenter Growth Reference Study (MGRS) [URL omitted from DDI.] released in 2006, which defined new standard anthropometry curves using a globally diverse reference population intended to reflect healthy growth conditions. For DHS samples that preceded WHO MGRS release, DHS retroactively calculated BMI-for-age Z scores using WHO MGRS reference data. DHS does not calculate BMI-for-age measures using the reference populations that preceded WHO MGRS (the 1978 U.S. CDC National Center for Health Statistics International Growth Reference data). The original height and weight values used to calculate BMI are also included in the DHS. HWWEIGHT (HW2) reports the child's weight in kilograms as measured by DHS personnel; HWHEIGHT (HW3) reports the child's length or height in centimeters as measured by DHS personnel. See HWHEIGHT and HWHTHOWMEAS (HW15) for specifics on child length/height measurement. The related variable KIDAGEMO (HW1) reports the child's age in months at the time of measurement. IPUMS Received prenatal care Received prenatal care Received prenatal care Received prenatal care Received prenatal care 405) When you were pregnant with (NAME), did you see anyone for a consultation about this pregnancy? IF YES: Whom did you see? Anyone else? RECORD ALL PERSONS SEEN. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ E NO ONE F (GO TO 409) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ANCARE indicates whether the child's mother received any antenatal care while the child was in utero. This variable is the inverse of ANCARENONE (M2N). IPUMS Antenatal card for this pregnancy Antenatal card for this pregnancy Antenatal card for this pregnancy Antenatal card for this pregnancy Antenatal card for this pregnancy 406) Were you given an antenatal card or booklet for this pregnancy? YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, card seen 12 Yes, card not seen 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) ANCARD (M12) indicates whether the child's mother received an antenatal card. Mothers who did not see anyone for antenatal care were assumed to have no antenatal card. IPUMS Doctor gave prenatal care Doctor gave prenatal care Doctor gave prenatal care Doctor gave prenatal care Doctor gave prenatal care 405) When you were pregnant with (NAME), did you see anyone for a consultation about this pregnancy? IF YES: Whom did you see? Anyone else? RECORD ALL PERSONS SEEN. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ E NO ONE F (GO TO 409) 9 NIU (not in universe) 8 Missing 1 Yes No ANCAREDOC (M2A) indicates whether a doctor gave the child's mother antenatal care while the child was in utero. Women could report more than one type of healthcare (or traditional) provider. IPUMS Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care Nurse/midwife gave prenatal care 405) When you were pregnant with (NAME), did you see anyone for a consultation about this pregnancy? IF YES: Whom did you see? Anyone else? RECORD ALL PERSONS SEEN. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ E NO ONE F (GO TO 409) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ANCARENURM (M2B) indicates whether a nurse or midwife (categories combined or not distinguished) gave the child's mother antenatal care while the child was in utero. Some samples in the "ANCARE" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include separate categories for nurse and midwife that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category in ANCARENURM. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories included in this variable by country. IPUMS Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care Traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care 405) When you were pregnant with (NAME), did you see anyone for a consultation about this pregnancy? IF YES: Whom did you see? Anyone else? RECORD ALL PERSONS SEEN. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ E NO ONE F (GO TO 409) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ANCARETBA (M2G) indicates whether a traditional birth attendant gave the child's mother antenatal care while the child was in utero. Wording for this response category varied across samples. See Comparability. Women could report more than one type of healthcare (or traditional) provider. IPUMS Trained traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care Trained traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care Trained traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care Trained traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care Trained traditional birth attendant gave prenatal care 405) When you were pregnant with (NAME), did you see anyone for a consultation about this pregnancy? IF YES: Whom did you see? Anyone else? RECORD ALL PERSONS SEEN. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ E NO ONE F (GO TO 409) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ANCARETRBA (M2F) indicates whether a trained (traditional) birth attendant gave the child's mother antenatal care while the child was in utero. Wording for this category varied across samples. See Comparability. Women could report more than one type of healthcare (or traditional) provider. IPUMS Other person gave prenatal care Other person gave prenatal care Other person gave prenatal care Other person gave prenatal care Other person gave prenatal care 405) When you were pregnant with (NAME), did you see anyone for a consultation about this pregnancy? IF YES: Whom did you see? Anyone else? RECORD ALL PERSONS SEEN. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ E NO ONE F (GO TO 409) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ANCAREOTH (M2K) indicates whether some other (unspecified) person gave the child's mother antenatal care while the child was in utero. The meaning of "other" must be interpreted relative to the specific categories included in a given sample. Women could report more than one type of healthcare (or traditional) provider. IPUMS Received no prenatal care Received no prenatal care Received no prenatal care Received no prenatal care Received no prenatal care 405) When you were pregnant with (NAME), did you see anyone for a consultation about this pregnancy? IF YES: Whom did you see? Anyone else? RECORD ALL PERSONS SEEN. HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ E NO ONE F (GO TO 409) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ANCARENONE (M2N) indicates whether the child's mother did not receive antenatal care while the child was in utero. The structure of the question varied across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Timing of first antenatal visit for this pregnancy: Months Timing of first antenatal visit for this pregnancy: Months Timing of first antenatal visit for this pregnancy: Months Timing of first antenatal visit for this pregnancy: Months Timing of first antenatal visit for this pregnancy: Months 407) How many months pregnant were you when you first saw someone for a consultation concerning this pregnancy? MONTHS: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 00 Less than 1 month pregnant 01 1 month 02 2 months 03 3 months 04 4 months 05 5 months 06 6 months 07 7 months 08 8 months 09 9 months 10 10 months 11 11 months 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years before the survey, and whose mothers received antenatal care while the child was in utero (ANCARE), ANVISMO (M13) indicates the timing of the mother's first antenatal visit during that pregnancy, in months from the start of the pregnancy. IPUMS Number of antenatal visits when child was in utero Number of antenatal visits when child was in utero Number of antenatal visits when child was in utero Number of antenatal visits when child was in utero Number of antenatal visits when child was in utero 408) How many antenatal visits did you have during this pregnancy? NUMBER: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 00 0 visits 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 (or 20+) 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 (or 30+) 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 80 80 88 88 90 90 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years before the survey, ANVISNO (M14) reports the number of antenatal visits the mother had while the child was in utero. Children whose mothers did not see anyone for antenatal care during the pregnancy are coded 0. The related variable ANVISNOTOP20 supplies the same material with a consistently applied top-code of 20+ visits. IPUMS Number of antenatal visits when child was in utero, topcoded at 20 Number of antenatal visits when child was in utero, topcoded at 20 Number of antenatal visits when child was in utero, topcoded at 20 Number of antenatal visits when child was in utero, topcoded at 20 Number of antenatal visits when child was in utero, topcoded at 20 408) How many antenatal visits did you have during this pregnancy? NUMBER: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 00 0 visits 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years before the survey, ANVISNOTOP20 reports the number of antenatal visits the mother had while the child was in utero, with values topcoded at 20+ visits. Children whose mothers did not see anyone for antenatal care during the pregnancy are coded 0. The related variable ANVISNO supplies the same material without imposing a consistent topcode. IPUMS Number of tetanus injections before birth Number of tetanus injections before birth Number of tetanus injections before birth Number of tetanus injections before birth Number of tetanus injections before birth 410) How many times did you get this injection? NUMBER: ___ DON'T KNOW 8 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years before the survey, ANTETNUSNO (M1) indicates whether, and how many, tetanus (toxicoid) injections were given to the mother while the child was in utero, to avoid convulsions after birth. For a similar variable that only reports whether a tetanus injection was received, see ANTETNUS. IPUMS Size of child at birth (subjective report) Size of child at birth (subjective report) Size of child at birth (subjective report) Size of child at birth (subjective report) Size of child at birth (subjective report) 415) When (NAME) was born, was he/she very large, larger than average, average, smaller than average, or very small? VERY LARGE 1 LARGER THAN AVERAGE 2 AVERAGE 3 SMALLER THAN AVERAGE 4 VERY SMALL 5 DON'T KNOW 8 10 Larger than average 11 Very large 12 Larger than average 20 Average 30 Smaller than average 31 Smaller than average 32 Very small 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the last three to five years, BIRTHSZ (M18) indicates the size of the child at birth, reported subjectively by the mother. IPUMS Birthweight in kilos Birthweight in kilos Birthweight in kilos Birthweight in kilos Birthweight in kilos 417) How much did he/she weigh? KILOGRAMS: ___ DON'T KNOW 9998 9995 9995+ 9996 Not weighed at birth 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years before the survey, BIRTHWT (M19) reports the child's birthweight in kilos with three implied decimal places (or, alternatively stated, in grams with no decimal places). Children who were not weighed are coded 9996. IPUMS Child born prematurely or on time Child born prematurely or on time Child born prematurely or on time Child born prematurely or on time Child born prematurely or on time 413) Was (NAME) born on time or prematurely? ON TIME 1 PREMATURELY 2 DON'T KNOW 8 00 On time 10 Premature 11 Less than 7 months 12 7 to 8 months 20 Overdue 97 Don't know 98 Missing For children born in the three to five years preceding the survey, PREMATBR (M16) indicates whether the child was born on time or prematurely. IPUMS Child delivered by caesarian section Child delivered by caesarian section Child delivered by caesarian section Child delivered by caesarian section Child delivered by caesarian section 414) Was (NAME) delivered by caesarian section? YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years preceding the survey, DELCESR (M17) indicates whether the child was born by caesarian section. Question wording varied somewhat across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Place child was delivered Place child was delivered Place child was delivered Place child was delivered Place child was delivered 411) Where did you give birth to (NAME)? HOME YOUR HOME 11 OTHER HOME 12 PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL 21 MATERNITY WARD 22 DISPENSARY 23 PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE HOSPITAL OR CLINIC 31 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 41 1000 HOME 1100 Respondent's home 1200 Respondent's parents' home 1300 Nurse/midwife's home 1400 TBA's home 1500 Community/village health worker's home 1900 Other home 2000 PUBLIC SECTOR 2100 Government hospital 2110 Referral/specialty hospital 2120 National/central hospital 2130 Provincial/regional hospital 2140 Urban hospital 2150 District/rural hospital 2151 District hospital 2152 Rural hospital 2160 University hospital 2170 Military hospital 2180 Day hospital 2200 Government health center 2210 Referral health center 2220 Community health center 2230 Urban health center 2240 Rural health center 2250 Integrated health center 2260 Family welfare center 2270 Primary health center 2280 Basic health center 2290 Sub-health center 2300 Government maternal and child health (MCH) center 2400 Government outreach 2410 Government health post 2411 Village health post 2412 Sub-health post 2413 Outreach clinic 2420 Government mobile clinic 2430 Government health worker 2431 Community based distribution (CBD) 2432 Field worker 2433 Community midwife 2500 Government dispensary 2600 Government family planning clinic 2900 Other public sector 2901 Health home 2902 Health station/clinic 2903 Health office 2904 Community clinic 3000 PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR 3100 Private hospital/clinic 3110 Private hospital 3111 Referral/specialty hospital 3112 District hospital 3113 Medical college hospital 3120 Private clinic 3121 Clinic 3122 Polyclinic 3200 Private doctor 3300 Private health center 3400 Private nursing/maternity home 3500 Private outreach 3510 Private mobile clinic 3520 Private health worker 3521 Nurse 3530 Private health post 3600 Private family planning clinic 3700 Private pharmacy/dispensary 3900 Other private medical sector 4000 NGO FACILITY 4100 NGO health facility 4110 Static clinic 4120 Red Cross facility 4130 Marie Stopes 4140 Refugee/NGO hospital 4200 Country-specific NGOs 4201 BLM 4202 CSI 4203 Egyptian family planning association (EFPA) 4900 Other NGO 5000 RELIGIOUS/MISSION 5100 Religious hospital/clinic 5110 Religious hospital 5111 Religious referral/specialty hospital 5112 Religious district hospital 5120 Religious clinic 5200 Religious health center/dispensary 5210 Religious health center 5220 Religious dispensary 5300 Religious health post 5900 Other religious/mission 6000 OTHER 6100 En route to provider 6200 Outside 6300 Abroad 9995 Other 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years before the survey, DELPL (M15) reports where the child was delivered. Response categories vary across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Doctor gave delivery care Doctor gave delivery care Doctor gave delivery care Doctor gave delivery care Doctor gave delivery care 412) Who assisted you in the delivery of (NAME)? Anyone else? PROBE FOR THE TYPE OF PERSON AND RECORD ALL PERSONS MENTIONED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/ MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D RELATIVE E OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ F NO ONE G No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years preceding the survey, DELDOC (M3A) indicates whether a doctor assisted with the child's delivery. Women could report more than one type of healthcare (or traditional) provider. IPUMS Nurse/midwife gave delivery care Nurse/midwife gave delivery care Nurse/midwife gave delivery care Nurse/midwife gave delivery care Nurse/midwife gave delivery care 412) Who assisted you in the delivery of (NAME)? Anyone else? PROBE FOR THE TYPE OF PERSON AND RECORD ALL PERSONS MENTIONED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/ MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D RELATIVE E OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ F NO ONE G No 1 Yes 8 Missing For children born in the three to five years preceding the survey, DELNURM (M3B) indicates whether a nurse or midwife (categories combined or not distinguished) assisted with the child's delivery. Some samples in the "DEL" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, such as DELNURM, while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include separate categories for nurse and midwife that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories in this variable. IPUMS Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care Traditional birth attendant gave delivery care 412) Who assisted you in the delivery of (NAME)? Anyone else? PROBE FOR THE TYPE OF PERSON AND RECORD ALL PERSONS MENTIONED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/ MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D RELATIVE E OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ F NO ONE G No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years preceding the survey, DELTBA (M3G) indicates whether a traditional birth attendant assisted with the child's delivery. Wording for this response category varied across samples. See Comparability. Women could report more than one type of healthcare (or traditional) provider. IPUMS Trained traditional birth attendant gave delivery care Trained traditional birth attendant gave delivery care Trained traditional birth attendant gave delivery care Trained traditional birth attendant gave delivery care Trained traditional birth attendant gave delivery care 412) Who assisted you in the delivery of (NAME)? Anyone else? PROBE FOR THE TYPE OF PERSON AND RECORD ALL PERSONS MENTIONED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/ MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D RELATIVE E OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ F NO ONE G No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years preceding the survey, DELTRBA (M3F) indicates whether a trained (traditional) birth attendant assisted with the child's delivery. Wording for this category varied across samples. See Comparability. Women could report more than one type of healthcare (or traditional) provider. IPUMS Relative gave delivery care Relative gave delivery care Relative gave delivery care Relative gave delivery care Relative gave delivery care 412) Who assisted you in the delivery of (NAME)? Anyone else? PROBE FOR THE TYPE OF PERSON AND RECORD ALL PERSONS MENTIONED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/ MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D RELATIVE E OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ F NO ONE G No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years preceding the survey, DELREL (M3H) indicates whether a relative assisted with the child's delivery. Women could report more than one type of healthcare (or traditional) provider. IPUMS Other person gave delivery care Other person gave delivery care Other person gave delivery care Other person gave delivery care Other person gave delivery care 412) Who assisted you in the delivery of (NAME)? Anyone else? PROBE FOR THE TYPE OF PERSON AND RECORD ALL PERSONS MENTIONED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/ MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D RELATIVE E OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ F NO ONE G 9 NIU (not in universe) No 1 Yes 8 Missing For children born in the three to five years preceding the survey, DELOTH (M3K) indicates whether some other person assisted with the child's delivery. The meaning of "other" must be interpreted relative to the specific categories included in a given sample. Women could report more than one type of healthcare (or traditional) provider. IPUMS No one gave delivery care No one gave delivery care No one gave delivery care No one gave delivery care No one gave delivery care 412) Who assisted you in the delivery of (NAME)? Anyone else? PROBE FOR THE TYPE OF PERSON AND RECORD ALL PERSONS MENTIONED HEALTH PROFESSIONAL DOCTOR A NURSE/ MIDWIFE B OTHER PERSON MIDWIFE C TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANT D RELATIVE E OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ F NO ONE G No, received care 1 Yes, received no care 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years preceding the survey, DELNONE (M3N) indicates whether no one assisted with the child's delivery. IPUMS Duration of mother's postpartum abstinence Duration of mother's postpartum abstinence Duration of mother's postpartum abstinence Duration of mother's postpartum abstinence Duration of mother's postpartum abstinence 423) For how many months after the birth of (NAME) did you not have sexual relations? MONTHS: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 93 Sex res/no duration 00 0 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 90 40 days 95 Still abstaining 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years before the survey, PPABMO (M8) indicates the duration, in months, of the mother's postpartum abstinence after the child was born. Children with mothers who were still abstaining at the time of interview were excluded from PPABMO, but they are included in the similar variable PPABMOC (M9). According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the maximum period allowed during the data editing was the interval between the date of birth of the child and the date of conception of the following child (with date of birth minus nine months used for the date of conception) or until the date of interview if there was no following birth. Cases exceeding this duration were left with the original response, but are coded with one of the flag codes on PPABFLAG (M29) and are coded as "Inconsistent" on PPABMOC. IPUMS Months of mother's postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) Months of mother's postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) Months of mother's postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) Months of mother's postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) Months of mother's postpartum abstinence (including women still abstaining) 423) For how many months after the birth of (NAME) did you not have sexual relations? MONTHS: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 60 60+ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years preceding the survey, PPABMOC (M9) reports the calculated months of the child's mother's postpartum abstinence, including the duration for mothers who were still abstaining at the time of the interview. The similar variable PPABMO also reports the calculated months of postpartum abstinence but excludes women who were still abstaining when interviewed. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the maximum period allowed during the data editing was the interval between the date of birth of the child and the date of conception of the following child (with date of birth minus nine months used for the date of conception) or until the date of interview if there was no following birth. Cases exceeding this duration are coded with one of the flag codes on PPABFLAG and are coded as "Inconsistent" in PPABMOC. IPUMS Flag variable for mother's postpartum abstinence Flag variable for mother's postpartum abstinence Flag variable for mother's postpartum abstinence Flag variable for mother's postpartum abstinence Flag variable for mother's postpartum abstinence 9 NIU (not in universe) No flag 1 Greater than interval between birth and succeeding birth 2 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview by only 1 month 4 During pregnancy in calendar 8 Missing PPABFLAG (M29) is a flag variable reporting the type of problem found when editing responses about the duration of mother's postpartum abstinence (in PPABMO), for mothers who had resumed sexual relations after the child was born (in the last three to five years). A code of 0 indicates no problem with the original response. IPUMS Duration of mother's postpartum amenorrhea in months Duration of mother's postpartum amenorrhea in months Duration of mother's postpartum amenorrhea in months Duration of mother's postpartum amenorrhea in months Duration of mother's postpartum amenorrhea in months 420) For how many months after the birth of (NAME) did you not have a period? MONTHS: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 93 Pd. ret /no duration 71 71 70 70 69 69 68 68 67 67 66 66 65 65 64 64 63 63 62 62 99 NIU (not in universe) 00 0 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 90 Period not returned 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 For children born in the three to five years before the survey, PPAMHMO (M6) reports the duration, in months, of the mother's postpartum amenorrhea after delivery of the child. Children whose mothers' periods had not returned at the time of interview were excluded from PPAMHMO, but children whose mothers were still amenorrheic were included in calculations for the similar variable PPAMHMOC (M7). The maximum period allowed during the data editing (by the survey administrators) was the interval between the date of birth of the child and the date of conception of the following child (with birth date minus nine months used for the date of conception) or the date of interview if there was no following birth. IPUMS Months of mother's postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) Months of mother's postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) Months of mother's postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) Months of mother's postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) Months of mother's postpartum amenorrhea (including women still amenorrheic) 420) For how many months after the birth of (NAME) did you not have a period? MONTHS: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 00 0 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) PPAMHMOC (M9) reports the duration, in months, of mother's postpartum amenorrhea after the birth of the child, for children born in the three to five years preceding the survey. Mothers whose period had not returned before the following birth or prior to the interview were included in PPAMHMOC. By contrast, only children of women whose menses had resumed were included in the similar variable PPAMHMO. The maximum period allowed during the data editing (by the survey administrators) was the interval between the date of birth of the child and the date of conception of the mother's following child (with birth date minus nine months used for the date of conception) or the date of interview if there was no following birth. For DHS Phase II forward, inconsistent durations based on the original reporting of the duration of amenorrhea were recoded to "Inconsistent" (code "96" in IPUMS-DHS). In cases where the duration was one month longer than the interval, the duration was shortened by one month, consistent with Phase I. For Model "A" countries in Phase II only, if the duration of mother's postpartum amenorrhea extended into her pregnancy in the calendar, the duration was shortened to the start of the following pregnancy. IPUMS Flag variable for mother's postpartum amenorrhea Flag variable for mother's postpartum amenorrhea Flag variable for mother's postpartum amenorrhea Flag variable for mother's postpartum amenorrhea Flag variable for mother's postpartum amenorrhea 1 No flag 2 Greater than interval between birth and succeeding birth 4 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview by only 1 month 6 During pregnancy in calendar 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) PPAMFLAG (M28) reports the type of problem, if any, found in editing data on the duration of the child's mother's postpartum amenorrhea, for children born in the three to five years before the survey. Cases with no known problem are coded 0. For discussion of the editing rules implemented (by the survey administrators) for data on postpartum amenorrhea, see PPAMHMO and PPAMHMOC, IPUMS Duration of breastfeeding in months Duration of breastfeeding in months Duration of breastfeeding in months Duration of breastfeeding in months Duration of breastfeeding in months 433) For how many months did you breastfeed (NAME)? MONTHS: ___ UNTIL DIED 95 (GO TO 436) 99 NIU (not in universe) 00 0 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 90 Breastfed until died 92 Ever breastfed, not currently breastfeeding 93 Not asked (child died) 94 Never breastfed 95 Still breastfeeding 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing For children born in the three to five years preceding the survey, BRSFEDUR (M4) reports the calculated months of breastfeeding for those who are no longer being breastfed. The related variable BRSFEDMO (M5) differs by including children who were still breastfeeding at the time of the interview. The variable BRSFEDCAT provides categorical information about breastfeeding, by indicating whether children were ever breastfed, and, if so, whether they are still breastfeeding. The maximum period allowed for BRSFEDUR during the data editing (by survey administrators) was the interval between the date of birth of the child and the date of interview. See the "Comparability" tab for more information regarding comparability across phases. IPUMS Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) Duration of breastfeeding in months (including still breastfed) 433) For how many months did you breastfeed (NAME)? MONTHS: ___ UNTIL DIED 95 (GO TO 436) 00 0 months 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60+ 92 Ever breastfed, not currently breastfeeding 93 Missing: Not asked (child died) 94 Never breastfed 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the three to five years before the survey, BRSFEDMO (M5) reports the calculated months of breastfeeding, including cases where 1) the child's mother was still breastfeeding at the time of the interview or 2) the child had been breastfed until his or her death. Cases in these two categories were excluded from the related variable BRSFEDUR on the duration of breastfeeding. For DHS Phase II forward, inconsistent durations based on the original report of the duration of breastfeeding were coded as "Inconsistent." In cases where the reported duration was one month longer than the relevant interval, the duration was shortened by one month. If the duration of breastfeeding exceeded the child's age at death, the duration of breastfeeding was changed to the child's age at death. IPUMS Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration Flag for breastfeeding, problem with duration 9 NIU (not in universe) No flag 1 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview 2 Greater than interval between birth and date of interview by only 1 month 3 Greater than interval between birth and age at death 4 During pregnancy in calendar 8 Missing For children born in the three to five years preceding the survey, BRSFDFLAG (M27) is a flag variable that indicates the type of problem, if any, found in editing responses on their duration of breastfeeding. Cases without a problem are coded 0. For duration of breastfeeding, see BRSFEDUR (M4). IPUMS Time from birth until child first breastfed Time from birth until child first breastfed Time from birth until child first breastfed Time from birth until child first breastfed Time from birth until child first breastfed 426) FOR MOST RECENT BIRTH: How long after birth did you first put (NAME) to the breast? IF LESS THAN 1 HOUR, RECORD '00' HOURS. IF LESS THAN 24 HOURS, RECORD HOURS. OTHERWISE, RECORD DAYS. IMMEDIATELY 000 HOURS: ___ 1 DAYS: ___ 2 000 Immediately 100 Within 1 hour 101 1 hour 102 2 hours 103 3 hours 104 4 hours 105 5 hours 106 6 hours 107 7 hours 108 8 hours 109 9 hours 110 10 hours 111 11 hours 112 12 hours 113 13 hours 114 14 hours 115 15 hours 116 16 hours 117 17 hours 118 18 hours 119 19 hours 120 20 hours 121 21 hours 122 22 hours 123 23 hours 124 24 hours 125 25 hours 126 26 hours 127 27 hours 128 28 hours 129 29 hours 130 30 hours 131 31 hours 132 32 hours 133 33 hours 134 34 hours 135 35 hours 136 36 hours 137 37 hours 138 38 hours 139 39 hours 140 40 hours 141 41 hours 142 42 hours 143 43 hours 144 44 hours 145 45 hours 146 46 hours 147 47 hours 148 48 hours 149 49 hours 150 50 hours 160 60 hours 170 70 hours 180 80 hours 190 90 hours 200 Same day 201 1 day 202 2 days 203 3 days 204 4 days 205 5 days 206 6 days 207 7 days 208 8 days 209 9 days 210 10 days 211 11 days 212 12 days 213 13 days 214 14 days 215 15 days 216 16 days 217 17 days 218 18 days 219 19 days 220 20 days 221 21 days 222 22 days 223 23 days 224 24 days 225 25 days 226 26 days 227 27 days 228 28 days 229 29 days 230 30 days 231 31 days 232 32 days 233 33 days 234 34 days 235 35 days 236 36 days 237 37 days 238 38 days 239 39 days 240 40 days 241 41 days 242 42 days 243 43 days 244 44 days 245 45 days 246 46 days 247 47 days 248 48 days 249 49 days 250 50 days 251 51 days 252 52 days 253 53 days 254 54 days 255 55 days 256 56 days 257 57 days 258 58 days 259 59 days 260 60 days 261 61 days 262 62 days 263 63 days 264 64 days 265 65 days 266 66 days 267 67 days 268 68 days 269 69 days 270 70 days 271 71 days 272 72 days 273 73 days 274 74 days 275 75 days 276 76 days 277 77 days 278 78 days 279 79 days 280 80 days 281 81 days 282 82 days 283 83 days 284 84 days 285 85 days 286 86 days 287 87 days 288 88 days 289 89 days 290 90 days 291 91 days 292 92 days 293 93 days 294 94 days 295 95 days 296 96 days 297 97 days 298 98 days 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For children who were ever breastfed, BRSFEDST (M34) reports the length of time between the child's birth and when the child was first breastfed. Following DHS convention, intervals reported in hours are coded with a "1" in the first digit, and intervals reported in days are coded with a "2" in the first digit. IPUMS Reason mother stopped breastfeeding child Reason mother stopped breastfeeding child Reason mother stopped breastfeeding child Reason mother stopped breastfeeding child Reason mother stopped breastfeeding child 434) Why did you stop breastfeeding (NAME)? MOTHER ILL/WEAK 01 CHILD ILL/WEAK 02 CHILD DIED 03 BREAST/NIPPLE PROBLEM 04 INSUFFICIENT MILK 05 MOTHER WORKING 06 CHILD REFUSED 07 WEANING AGE 08 BECAME PREGNANT 09 STARTED USING CONTRACEPTION 10 OTHER (SPECIFY):___ 11 15 Improve child health 22 Insufficient milk 21 Nipple, breast problem 14 Child had diarrhea 96 Inconsistent 10 Health problem 11 Mother ill or weak 12 Child ill or weak 13 Child died 97 Don't know if ever breastfed 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 20 Breastmilk problem 30 Mother busy 31 Mother working 32 Mother at school 33 Inconvenient 40 Child's attitude 41 Child refused 42 Child refused food 43 Child preferred bottle 50 Weaning age 60 Reproductive/family planning reason 61 Became pregnant 62 Started using method 63 Wanted to start method 64 Wanted another child 70 Other reason 71 Husband disapproved 72 Mother's figure concern 95 Other For children who were born in the three to five years preceding the survey and whose mothers had stopped breastfeeding them, WHYSTBRFD (M21) reports why the mother stopped breastfeeding. Children who were breastfed until they died are automatically coded 13 (Child died) as the reason for stopping breastfeeding. IPUMS Reason child was not breastfed Reason child was not breastfed Reason child was not breastfed Reason child was not breastfed Reason child was not breastfed 425) Why did you not breastfeed (NAME)? MOTHER ILL/WEAK 01 (GO TO 435) CHILD ILL/WEAK 02 (GO TO 435) CHILD DIED 03 (GO TO 435) BREAST/NIPPLE PROBLEM 04 (GO TO 435) INSUFFICIENT MILK 05 (GO TO 435) MOTHER WORKING 06 (GO TO 435) CHILD REFUSED 07 (GO TO 435) OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 08 (GO TO 435) 10 Health problem 11 Mother ill or weak 12 Child ill or weak 13 Child died 20 Breastmilk problem 21 Nipple, breast problem 22 Insufficient milk 30 Mother busy 31 Mother working 32 Inconvenient 40 Child's attitude 41 Child refused 42 Child preferred bottle 50 Reproductive/family planning reason 51 Mother became pregnant 52 Started using method 60 Mother does not know how 70 Other reason 71 Child has grown 72 Mother's figure concern 95 Other 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For children who were born in the three to five years preceding the survey and were not breastfed, WHYNOBRFD (M20) reports why they were not breastfed. IPUMS Child ever given anything other than breastmilk Child ever given anything other than breastmilk Child ever given anything other than breastmilk Child ever given anything other than breastmilk Child ever given anything other than breastmilk 436) Was (NAME) ever given water or anything else to drink or eat other than breast milk? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 440) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey, FEDNOTBRSMILK (M22) indicates whether the child was ever given water or anything else to eat or drink other than breastmilk. Living children who are no longer breastfeeding are assumed to have been given food other than breastmilk. IPUMS Age (in months) for formula or other milk Age (in months) for formula or other milk Age (in months) for formula or other milk Age (in months) for formula or other milk Age (in months) for formula or other milk 437) How many months old was (NAME) when you started giving the following foods or drinks on a regular basis? IF LESS THAN 1 MONTH, RECORD '00'. Tinned milk or milk other than breast milk? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Water or other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Herbal tea? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Mushy or solid food? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 00 less than one month 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 95 Not given 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) AGEFORM (M23) reports the age, in months, at which the child was first given baby formula or kinds of milk other than breast milk on a regular basis. IPUMS Age (in months) for plain water Age (in months) for plain water Age (in months) for plain water Age (in months) for plain water Age (in months) for plain water 437) How many months old was (NAME) when you started giving the following foods or drinks on a regular basis? IF LESS THAN 1 MONTH, RECORD '00'. Tinned milk or milk other than breast milk? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Water or other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Herbal tea? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Mushy or solid food? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 56 56 55 55 54 54 53 53 52 52 51 51 00 less than one month 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 95 Not given this food 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing AGEWATER (M24) reports the age, in months, at which the child was first given water on a regular basis. IPUMS Age (in months) for other liquids Age (in months) for other liquids Age (in months) for other liquids Age (in months) for other liquids Age (in months) for other liquids 437) How many months old was (NAME) when you started giving the following foods or drinks on a regular basis? IF LESS THAN 1 MONTH, RECORD '00'. Tinned milk or milk other than breast milk? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Water or other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Herbal tea? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Mushy or solid food? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 00 less than 1 month 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 95 Not given this food 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing AGEOTHLIQ (M25) reports the age, in months, at which the child was first given some other liquid on a regular basis. "Other" must be interpreted relative to the specific liquids and foods mentioned in a particular sample. IPUMS Age (in months) for solid or mushy food Age (in months) for solid or mushy food Age (in months) for solid or mushy food Age (in months) for solid or mushy food Age (in months) for solid or mushy food 437) How many months old was (NAME) when you started giving the following foods or drinks on a regular basis? IF LESS THAN 1 MONTH, RECORD '00'. Tinned milk or milk other than breast milk? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Water or other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Herbal tea? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Other liquids? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 Mushy or solid food? AGE IN MONTHS: ___ NOT GIVEN 96 00 less than one month 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 95 Not given this food 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) AGESOLID (M26) reports the age, in months, at which the child was first given solid or mushy food on a regular basis. IPUMS Child fed plain water in past 24 hours Child fed plain water in past 24 hours Child fed plain water in past 24 hours Child fed plain water in past 24 hours Child fed plain water in past 24 hours 431) FOR MOST RECENT BIRTH: At any time yesterday or last night did you give (NAME) one of the following things: Plain water? Sugar water? Juice? Herbal tea? Tinned baby formula? Other tinned or powdered milk? Fresh (animal) milk? Other liquids? Porridge? Other food specially made for the child? Family meal? WATER YES 1 NO 2 SUGAR WATER YES 1 NO 2 JUICE YES 1 NO 2 HERBAL TEA YES 1 NO 2 TINNED BABY FORMULA YES 1 NO 2 POWDERED/TINNED MILK YES 1 NO 2 FRESH MILK YES 1 NO 2 OTHER LIQUIDS YES 1 NO 2 PORRIDGE YES 1 NO 2 OTHER FOOD MADE FOR THE CHILD YES 1 NO 2 FAMILY MEAL YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FEDWATER24H (M37A) indicates whether the child drank plain water during the previous day, either at night or during the daytime. This variable is a characteristic of the child. The related variable MAFEDWATER24H (V409) indicates whether the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child water during the previous day. The related variable FEDWATER24HX reports the number of times the child drank plain water in the previous 24 hours. FEDWATERWKD (M40A) reports the number of days the child drank plain water during the past week. IPUMS Child fed sugar water in past 24 hours Child fed sugar water in past 24 hours Child fed sugar water in past 24 hours Child fed sugar water in past 24 hours Child fed sugar water in past 24 hours 431) FOR MOST RECENT BIRTH: At any time yesterday or last night did you give (NAME) one of the following things: Plain water? Sugar water? Juice? Herbal tea? Tinned baby formula? Other tinned or powdered milk? Fresh (animal) milk? Other liquids? Porridge? Other food specially made for the child? Family meal? WATER YES 1 NO 2 SUGAR WATER YES 1 NO 2 JUICE YES 1 NO 2 HERBAL TEA YES 1 NO 2 TINNED BABY FORMULA YES 1 NO 2 POWDERED/TINNED MILK YES 1 NO 2 FRESH MILK YES 1 NO 2 OTHER LIQUIDS YES 1 NO 2 PORRIDGE YES 1 NO 2 OTHER FOOD MADE FOR THE CHILD YES 1 NO 2 FAMILY MEAL YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FEDSUGWAT24H (M37B) indicates whether the child drank sugar water during the previous day, either at night or during the daytime. This variable is a characteristic of the child. The related variable MAFEDSUGWAT24H (V409A) indicates whether the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child sugar water during the previous day. The related variable FEDSUGWAT24HX reports the number of times the child drank sugar water in the previous 24 hours. FEDSUGWATWKD (M40B) reports the number of days the child drank sugar water during the past week. IPUMS Child fed juice in past 24 hours Child fed juice in past 24 hours Child fed juice in past 24 hours Child fed juice in past 24 hours Child fed juice in past 24 hours 431) FOR MOST RECENT BIRTH: At any time yesterday or last night did you give (NAME) one of the following things: Plain water? Sugar water? Juice? Herbal tea? Tinned baby formula? Other tinned or powdered milk? Fresh (animal) milk? Other liquids? Porridge? Other food specially made for the child? Family meal? WATER YES 1 NO 2 SUGAR WATER YES 1 NO 2 JUICE YES 1 NO 2 HERBAL TEA YES 1 NO 2 TINNED BABY FORMULA YES 1 NO 2 POWDERED/TINNED MILK YES 1 NO 2 FRESH MILK YES 1 NO 2 OTHER LIQUIDS YES 1 NO 2 PORRIDGE YES 1 NO 2 OTHER FOOD MADE FOR THE CHILD YES 1 NO 2 FAMILY MEAL YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FEDJUICE24H (M37C) indicates whether the child drank juice during the previous day, either at night or during the daytime. This variable is a characteristic of the child. The related variable MAFEDJUICE24H (V410) indicates whether the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child juice during the previous day. The related variable FEDJUICE24HX reports the number of times the child drank juice in the previous 24 hours. FEDJUICEWKD (M40C) reports the number of days the child drank juice during the past week. IPUMS Child fed herbal tea in past 24 hours Child fed herbal tea in past 24 hours Child fed herbal tea in past 24 hours Child fed herbal tea in past 24 hours Child fed herbal tea in past 24 hours 431) FOR MOST RECENT BIRTH: At any time yesterday or last night did you give (NAME) one of the following things: Plain water? Sugar water? Juice? Herbal tea? Tinned baby formula? Other tinned or powdered milk? Fresh (animal) milk? Other liquids? Porridge? Other food specially made for the child? Family meal? WATER YES 1 NO 2 SUGAR WATER YES 1 NO 2 JUICE YES 1 NO 2 HERBAL TEA YES 1 NO 2 TINNED BABY FORMULA YES 1 NO 2 POWDERED/TINNED MILK YES 1 NO 2 FRESH MILK YES 1 NO 2 OTHER LIQUIDS YES 1 NO 2 PORRIDGE YES 1 NO 2 OTHER FOOD MADE FOR THE CHILD YES 1 NO 2 FAMILY MEAL YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FEDTEA24H (M37D) indicates whether the child drank herbal tea during the previous day, either at night or during the daytime. This variable is a characteristic of the child. The related variable MAFEDTEA24H indicates whether the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child herbal tea during the previous day. The related variable FEDTEA24HX reports the number of times the child drank herbal tea in the previous 24 hours. FEDTEAWKD (M40D) reports the number of days the child drank herbal tea during the past week. IPUMS Child fed baby formula in past 24 hours Child fed baby formula in past 24 hours Child fed baby formula in past 24 hours Child fed baby formula in past 24 hours Child fed baby formula in past 24 hours 431) FOR MOST RECENT BIRTH: At any time yesterday or last night did you give (NAME) one of the following things: Plain water? Sugar water? Juice? Herbal tea? Tinned baby formula? Other tinned or powdered milk? Fresh (animal) milk? Other liquids? Porridge? Other food specially made for the child? Family meal? WATER YES 1 NO 2 SUGAR WATER YES 1 NO 2 JUICE YES 1 NO 2 HERBAL TEA YES 1 NO 2 TINNED BABY FORMULA YES 1 NO 2 POWDERED/TINNED MILK YES 1 NO 2 FRESH MILK YES 1 NO 2 OTHER LIQUIDS YES 1 NO 2 PORRIDGE YES 1 NO 2 OTHER FOOD MADE FOR THE CHILD YES 1 NO 2 FAMILY MEAL YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FEDFORM24H (M37F) indicates whether the child drank infant formula during the previous day, either at night or during the daytime. This variable is a characteristic of the child. The related variable MAFEDFORM24H (V411A) indicates whether the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child infant formula during the previous day. The related variable FEDFORM24HX reports the number of times the child drank infant formula in the previous 24 hours. FEDFORMWKD (M40F) reports the number of days the child drank infant formula during the past week. IPUMS Child fed fresh milk in past 24 hours Child fed fresh milk in past 24 hours Child fed fresh milk in past 24 hours Child fed fresh milk in past 24 hours Child fed fresh milk in past 24 hours 431) FOR MOST RECENT BIRTH: At any time yesterday or last night did you give (NAME) one of the following things: Plain water? Sugar water? Juice? Herbal tea? Tinned baby formula? Other tinned or powdered milk? Fresh (animal) milk? Other liquids? Porridge? Other food specially made for the child? Family meal? WATER YES 1 NO 2 SUGAR WATER YES 1 NO 2 JUICE YES 1 NO 2 HERBAL TEA YES 1 NO 2 TINNED BABY FORMULA YES 1 NO 2 POWDERED/TINNED MILK YES 1 NO 2 FRESH MILK YES 1 NO 2 OTHER LIQUIDS YES 1 NO 2 PORRIDGE YES 1 NO 2 OTHER FOOD MADE FOR THE CHILD YES 1 NO 2 FAMILY MEAL YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FEDFRMILK24H (M37G) indicates whether the child drank fresh animal milk during the previous day, either at night or during the daytime. This variable is a characteristic of the child. The complementary variable FEDTINMILK24H (M37E) indicates whether the child drank tinned or powdered milk during the previous day. The complementary variable FEDGENMILK24H indicates whether the child drank any milk, such as tinned, powdered, or fresh animal milk, during the previous day. The related variable MAFEDFRMILK24H (V412) indicates whether the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child fresh animal milk during the previous day. The related variable FEDFRMILK24HX reports the number of times the child drank fresh animal milk in the previous 24 hours. FEDFRMILKWKD (M40G) reports the number of days the child drank fresh animal milk during the past week. IPUMS Child fed tinned or powdered milk in past 24 hours Child fed tinned or powdered milk in past 24 hours Child fed tinned or powdered milk in past 24 hours Child fed tinned or powdered milk in past 24 hours Child fed tinned or powdered milk in past 24 hours 431) FOR MOST RECENT BIRTH: At any time yesterday or last night did you give (NAME) one of the following things: Plain water? Sugar water? Juice? Herbal tea? Tinned baby formula? Other tinned or powdered milk? Fresh (animal) milk? Other liquids? Porridge? Other food specially made for the child? Family meal? WATER YES 1 NO 2 SUGAR WATER YES 1 NO 2 JUICE YES 1 NO 2 HERBAL TEA YES 1 NO 2 TINNED BABY FORMULA YES 1 NO 2 POWDERED/TINNED MILK YES 1 NO 2 FRESH MILK YES 1 NO 2 OTHER LIQUIDS YES 1 NO 2 PORRIDGE YES 1 NO 2 OTHER FOOD MADE FOR THE CHILD YES 1 NO 2 FAMILY MEAL YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FEDTINMILK24H (M37E) indicates whether the child drank tinned or powdered milk during the previous day, either at night or during the daytime. This variable is a characteristic of the child. The complementary variable FEDFRMILK24H (M37G) indicates whether the child drank fresh animal milk during the previous day. The complementary variable FEDGENMILK24H indicates whether the child drank any milk, such as tinned, powdered, or fresh animal milk, during the previous day. The related variable MAFEDTINMILK24H indicates whether the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child tinned or powdered milk during the previous day. The related variable FEDTINMILK24HX reports the number of times the child drank tinned or powdered milk in the previous 24 hours. FEDTINMILKWKD (M40E) reports the number of days the child drank tinned or powdered milk during the past week. IPUMS Child fed other liquid in past 24 hours Child fed other liquid in past 24 hours Child fed other liquid in past 24 hours Child fed other liquid in past 24 hours Child fed other liquid in past 24 hours 431) FOR MOST RECENT BIRTH: At any time yesterday or last night did you give (NAME) one of the following things: Plain water? Sugar water? Juice? Herbal tea? Tinned baby formula? Other tinned or powdered milk? Fresh (animal) milk? Other liquids? Porridge? Other food specially made for the child? Family meal? WATER YES 1 NO 2 SUGAR WATER YES 1 NO 2 JUICE YES 1 NO 2 HERBAL TEA YES 1 NO 2 TINNED BABY FORMULA YES 1 NO 2 POWDERED/TINNED MILK YES 1 NO 2 FRESH MILK YES 1 NO 2 OTHER LIQUIDS YES 1 NO 2 PORRIDGE YES 1 NO 2 OTHER FOOD MADE FOR THE CHILD YES 1 NO 2 FAMILY MEAL YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FEDOTHLIQ24H (M37L) indicates whether the child drank other liquids during the previous day, either at night or during the daytime. This variable is a characteristic of the child. The meaning of "other" must be interpreted relative to the specific categories included in a particular sample. The related variable MAFEDOTHLIQ24H (V413) indicates whether the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child other liquids during the previous day. The related variable FEDOTHLIQ24HX reports the number of times the child drank other liquids in the previous 24 hours. FEDOTHLIQWKD (M40L) reports the number of days the child drank other liquids during the past week. IPUMS Mother fed youngest child porridge or gruel in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child porridge or gruel in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child porridge or gruel in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child porridge or gruel in past 24 hours Mother fed youngest child porridge or gruel in past 24 hours 431) FOR MOST RECENT BIRTH: At any time yesterday or last night did you give (NAME) one of the following things: Plain water? Sugar water? Juice? Herbal tea? Tinned baby formula? Other tinned or powdered milk? Fresh (animal) milk? Other liquids? Porridge? Other food specially made for the child? Family meal? WATER YES 1 NO 2 SUGAR WATER YES 1 NO 2 JUICE YES 1 NO 2 HERBAL TEA YES 1 NO 2 TINNED BABY FORMULA YES 1 NO 2 POWDERED/TINNED MILK YES 1 NO 2 FRESH MILK YES 1 NO 2 OTHER LIQUIDS YES 1 NO 2 PORRIDGE YES 1 NO 2 OTHER FOOD MADE FOR THE CHILD YES 1 NO 2 FAMILY MEAL YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) MAFEDPORR24H (V412B) indicates whether the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child porridge or gruel during the previous day, either at night or during the daytime. This variable describes a characteristic of the mother rather than the child. Although the question wording asks about foods given to a specific child during the previous day, responses relate to the mother, so all young children of the mother are coded the same way. If the mother reported she gave her youngest surviving child porridge or gruel in the previous day, all of her children in the data are coded as "yes," including any children who have died or who live elsewhere. A positive response in MAFEDPORR24H thus does not necessarily indicate whether a particular child of the mother ate porridge or gruel during the previous day. IPUMS-DHS users should instead employ the variable FEDPORR24H to determine whether the child ate porridge or gruel during the previous day. See Comparability. The related variable MAFEDPORR24HX reports the number of times the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child porridge or gruel during the previous 24 hours. MAFEDPORRWKD reports the number of days the child's mother gave her youngest surviving child porridge or gruel during the past week. IPUMS Child fed family dish in past 24 hours Child fed family dish in past 24 hours Child fed family dish in past 24 hours Child fed family dish in past 24 hours Child fed family dish in past 24 hours 431) FOR MOST RECENT BIRTH: At any time yesterday or last night did you give (NAME) one of the following things: Plain water? Sugar water? Juice? Herbal tea? Tinned baby formula? Other tinned or powdered milk? Fresh (animal) milk? Other liquids? Porridge? Other food specially made for the child? Family meal? WATER YES 1 NO 2 SUGAR WATER YES 1 NO 2 JUICE YES 1 NO 2 HERBAL TEA YES 1 NO 2 TINNED BABY FORMULA YES 1 NO 2 POWDERED/TINNED MILK YES 1 NO 2 FRESH MILK YES 1 NO 2 OTHER LIQUIDS YES 1 NO 2 PORRIDGE YES 1 NO 2 OTHER FOOD MADE FOR THE CHILD YES 1 NO 2 FAMILY MEAL YES 1 NO 2 00 No 01 Yes 07 Don't know 08 Missing 09 NIU (not in universe) FEDFAMDISH24H indicates whether the child ate food from a dish prepared for the whole family during the previous day, either at night or during the daytime. This variable is a characteristic of the child. IPUMS Child fed food prepared especially for child in past 24 hours Child fed food prepared especially for child in past 24 hours Child fed food prepared especially for child in past 24 hours Child fed food prepared especially for child in past 24 hours Child fed food prepared especially for child in past 24 hours 431) FOR MOST RECENT BIRTH: At any time yesterday or last night did you give (NAME) one of the following things: Plain water? Sugar water? Juice? Herbal tea? Tinned baby formula? Other tinned or powdered milk? Fresh (animal) milk? Other liquids? Porridge? Other food specially made for the child? Family meal? WATER YES 1 NO 2 SUGAR WATER YES 1 NO 2 JUICE YES 1 NO 2 HERBAL TEA YES 1 NO 2 TINNED BABY FORMULA YES 1 NO 2 POWDERED/TINNED MILK YES 1 NO 2 FRESH MILK YES 1 NO 2 OTHER LIQUIDS YES 1 NO 2 PORRIDGE YES 1 NO 2 OTHER FOOD MADE FOR THE CHILD YES 1 NO 2 FAMILY MEAL YES 1 NO 2 00 No 01 Yes 07 Don't know 08 Missing 09 NIU (not in universe) FEDKIDFD24H indicates whether the child ate any food prepared especially for the child (i.e., baby food) during the previous day, either at night or during the daytime. This variable is a characteristic of the child. IPUMS Child had cough/difficult breathing recently Child had cough/difficult breathing recently Child had cough/difficult breathing recently Child had cough/difficult breathing recently Child had cough/difficult breathing recently 451) Has (NAME) been ill with a cough any time during the last two weeks? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 455) DON'T KNOW 8 (GO TO 455) 10 No 20 Yes 21 Yes, past four weeks/month 22 Yes, last 24 hours 23 Yes, last 2 to 14 days 24 Yes, last two weeks 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children under age 5, COURECENT (H31) indicates whether the child experienced a cough in the past 2 weeks. Question wording differences may limit the comparability of COURECENT; see Comparability. IPUMS Child breathed with short, rapid breaths when had cough Child breathed with short, rapid breaths when had cough Child breathed with short, rapid breaths when had cough Child breathed with short, rapid breaths when had cough Child breathed with short, rapid breaths when had cough 454) When (NAME) had the illness with a cough, did he/she breathe faster than usual with short, rapid breaths? YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) COUSHORTBRE (H31B) indicates whether the child experienced fast, short, rapid breaths or difficulty breathing in the last 2 weeks. IPUMS Duration of cough in days Duration of cough in days Duration of cough in days Duration of cough in days Duration of cough in days 453) For how many days (has the cough lasted/did the cough last)? IF LESS THAN ONE DAY, RECORD '00'. DAYS: ___ 00 Less than 1 day 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children under age 5 who had a cough in the past 2 weeks, COUDURDAYS (H31A) reports the number of days the cough lasted. IPUMS Child had fever in last two/four weeks Child had fever in last two/four weeks Child had fever in last two/four weeks Child had fever in last two/four weeks Child had fever in last two/four weeks 450) Has (NAME) had a fever any time during the last two weeks? YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 10 No 20 Yes, fever 21 Yes, fever in last 2 weeks 22 Yes, fever in last 4 weeks 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children born in the three to five years preceding the survey, FEVRECENT (H22) indicates whether the child had a fever in recent weeks (most often in the previous two weeks). See Comparability. IPUMS Child's fever/cough treated by: Antimalarial Child's fever/cough treated by: Antimalarial Child's fever/cough treated by: Antimalarial Child's fever/cough treated by: Antimalarial Child's fever/cough treated by: Antimalarial 457) What was given to him/her? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. INJECTION A ANTIBIOTIC (PILL OR SYRUP) B ANTIMALARIAL (PILL OR SYRUP) C COUGH SYRUP D OTHER PILL OR SYRUP E UNKNOWN PILL OR SYRUP F HOME REMEDY/HERBAL MEDICINE G OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ H 16 Given antimalarial for fever or difficult/rapid breathing 00 No 10 Yes, child given antimalarial 11 Given antimalarial for fever 12 Given antimalarial for cough 13 Given antimalarial for fever or cough 14 Given antimalarial for fever and cough 15 Given antimalarial for fever or convulsions 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 to 4 weeks, FEVGIVANMAL (H33A) indicates whether the child was given an antimalarial drug (pill or syrup). A few samples ask separately about drugs taken for fever and drugs taken for cough. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in composite coding. A first digit of 1 indicates the child received the drug, and the second digit indicates the child's illness: 11: The child was given the drug for a fever 12: The child was given the drug for a cough 13: The child was given the drug for a fever or a cough 14: The child was given the drug for both a fever and a cough 15: The child was given the drug for a fever or convulsions 16: The child was given the drug for a fever or difficult/rapid breathing See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Child's fever/cough treated by: Antibiotics (pill/syrup) Child's fever/cough treated by: Antibiotics (pill/syrup) Child's fever/cough treated by: Antibiotics (pill/syrup) Child's fever/cough treated by: Antibiotics (pill/syrup) Child's fever/cough treated by: Antibiotics (pill/syrup) 457) What was given to him/her? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. INJECTION A ANTIBIOTIC (PILL OR SYRUP) B ANTIMALARIAL (PILL OR SYRUP) C COUGH SYRUP D OTHER PILL OR SYRUP E UNKNOWN PILL OR SYRUP F HOME REMEDY/HERBAL MEDICINE G OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ H 16 Given antibiotics for fever or difficult/rapid breathing 00 No 10 Yes, child given antibiotics 11 Given antibiotics for fever 12 Given antibiotics for cough 13 Given antibiotics for fever or cough 14 Given antibiotics for fever and cough 15 Given antibiotics for fever or convulsions 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 to 4 weeks, FEVGIVANTIB (ML13I) indicates whether the child was given an antibiotic pill or syrup. A few samples ask separately about drugs taken for fever and drugs taken for cough. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in composite coding. A first digit of 1 indicates the child received the drug, and the second digit indicates the child's illness: 11: The child was given the drug for a fever 12: The child was given the drug for a cough 13: The child was given the drug for a fever or a cough 14: The child was given the drug for both a fever and a cough 15: The child was given the drug for a fever or convulsions 16: The child was given the drug for a fever or difficult/rapid breathing See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Child's fever/cough treated by: (Antibiotic) Injection Child's fever/cough treated by: (Antibiotic) Injection Child's fever/cough treated by: (Antibiotic) Injection Child's fever/cough treated by: (Antibiotic) Injection Child's fever/cough treated by: (Antibiotic) Injection 457) What was given to him/her? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. INJECTION A ANTIBIOTIC (PILL OR SYRUP) B ANTIMALARIAL (PILL OR SYRUP) C COUGH SYRUP D OTHER PILL OR SYRUP E UNKNOWN PILL OR SYRUP F HOME REMEDY/HERBAL MEDICINE G OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ H 16 Given injection for fever or difficult/rapid breathing 00 No 10 Yes, child given injection 11 Given injection for fever 12 Given injection for cough 13 Given injection for fever or cough 14 Given injection for fever and cough 15 Given injection for fever or convulsions 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 to 4 weeks, FEVGIVINJ (ML13J) indicates whether the child was given an unspecified injection or an antibiotic injection. A few samples ask separately about drugs taken for fever and drugs taken for cough. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in composite coding. A first digit of 1 indicates the child received the drug, and the second digit indicates the child's illness: 11: The child was given the drug for a fever 12: The child was given the drug for a cough 13: The child was given the drug for a fever or a cough 14: The child was given the drug for both a fever and a cough 15: The child was given the drug for a fever or convulsions 16: The child was given the drug for a fever or difficult/rapid breathing See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Child's fever/cough treated by: Cough syrup Child's fever/cough treated by: Cough syrup Child's fever/cough treated by: Cough syrup Child's fever/cough treated by: Cough syrup Child's fever/cough treated by: Cough syrup 457) What was given to him/her? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. INJECTION A ANTIBIOTIC (PILL OR SYRUP) B ANTIMALARIAL (PILL OR SYRUP) C COUGH SYRUP D OTHER PILL OR SYRUP E UNKNOWN PILL OR SYRUP F HOME REMEDY/HERBAL MEDICINE G OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ H 16 Given cough syrup for fever or difficult/rapid breathing 00 No 10 Yes, child given cough syrup 11 Given cough syrup for fever 12 Given cough syrup for cough 13 Given cough syrup for fever or cough 14 Given cough syrup for fever and cough 15 Given cough syrup for fever or convulsions 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 to 4 weeks, FEVGIVCOUSYR indicates whether the child was given cough syrup. A few samples ask separately about drugs taken for fever and drugs taken for cough. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in composite coding. A first digit of 1 indicates the child received the drug, and the second digit indicates the child's illness: 11: The child was given the drug for a fever 12: The child was given the drug for a cough 13: The child was given the drug for a fever or a cough 14: The child was given the drug for both a fever and a cough 15: The child was given the drug for a fever or convulsions 16: The child was given the drug for a fever or difficult/rapid breathing See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Child's fever/cough treated by: Home remedy or herbal medicine Child's fever/cough treated by: Home remedy or herbal medicine Child's fever/cough treated by: Home remedy or herbal medicine Child's fever/cough treated by: Home remedy or herbal medicine Child's fever/cough treated by: Home remedy or herbal medicine 457) What was given to him/her? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. INJECTION A ANTIBIOTIC (PILL OR SYRUP) B ANTIMALARIAL (PILL OR SYRUP) C COUGH SYRUP D OTHER PILL OR SYRUP E UNKNOWN PILL OR SYRUP F HOME REMEDY/HERBAL MEDICINE G OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ H 16 Given home remedy/herbal medicine for fever or difficult/rapid breathing 00 No 10 Yes, child given traditional herbs/medicines 11 Given home remedy/herbal medicine for fever 12 Given home remedy/herbal medicine for cough 13 Given home remedy/herbal medicine for fever or cough 14 Given home remedy/herbal medicine for fever and cough 15 Given home remedy/herbal medicine for fever or convulsions 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 to 4 weeks, FEVGIVHERB indicates whether the child was given a home remedy or herbal medicine. A few samples ask separately about drugs taken for fever and drugs taken for cough. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in composite coding. A first digit of 1 indicates the child received the drug, and the second digit indicates the child's illness: 11: The child was given the remedy for a fever 12: The child was given the remedy for a cough 13: The child was given the remedy for a fever or a cough 14: The child was given the remedy for both a fever and a cough 15: The child was given the remedy for a fever or convulsions 16: The child was given the remedy for a fever or difficult/rapid breathing See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Child's fever/cough treated by: Unknown pill/syrup Child's fever/cough treated by: Unknown pill/syrup Child's fever/cough treated by: Unknown pill/syrup Child's fever/cough treated by: Unknown pill/syrup Child's fever/cough treated by: Unknown pill/syrup 457) What was given to him/her? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. INJECTION A ANTIBIOTIC (PILL OR SYRUP) B ANTIMALARIAL (PILL OR SYRUP) C COUGH SYRUP D OTHER PILL OR SYRUP E UNKNOWN PILL OR SYRUP F HOME REMEDY/HERBAL MEDICINE G OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ H 16 Given unknown pill/syrup for fever or difficult/rapid breathing 00 No 10 Yes, child given unknown pill/syrup 11 Given unknown pill/syrup for fever 12 Given unknown pill/syrup for cough 13 Given unknown pill/syrup for fever or cough 14 Given unknown pill/syrup for fever and cough 15 Given unknown pill/syrup for fever or convulsions 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 to 4 weeks, FEVGIVUNPLSYR indicates whether the child was given an unknown pill or syrup. A few samples ask separately about drugs taken for fever and drugs taken for cough. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in composite coding. A first digit of 1 indicates the child received the drug, and the second digit indicates the child's illness: 11: The child was given the drug for a fever 12: The child was given the drug for a cough 13: The child was given the drug for a fever or a cough 14: The child was given the drug for both a fever and a cough 15: The child was given the drug for a fever or convulsions 16: The child was given the drug for a fever or difficult/rapid breathing See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Child's fever/cough treated by: Other pill/syrup Child's fever/cough treated by: Other pill/syrup Child's fever/cough treated by: Other pill/syrup Child's fever/cough treated by: Other pill/syrup Child's fever/cough treated by: Other pill/syrup 457) What was given to him/her? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. INJECTION A ANTIBIOTIC (PILL OR SYRUP) B ANTIMALARIAL (PILL OR SYRUP) C COUGH SYRUP D OTHER PILL OR SYRUP E UNKNOWN PILL OR SYRUP F HOME REMEDY/HERBAL MEDICINE G OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ H 16 Given other pill/syrup for fever or difficult/rapid breathing 00 No 10 Yes, child given other pill/syrup 11 Given other pill/syrup for fever 12 Given other pill/syrup for cough 13 Given other pill/syrup for fever or cough 14 Given other pill/syrup for fever and cough 15 Given other pill/syrup for fever or convulsions 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 to 4 weeks, FEVGIVOPLSYR indicates whether the child was given some other pill or syrup. The meaning of "other" must be interpreted relative to the specific categories included in a particular sample. A few samples ask separately about drugs taken for fever and drugs taken for cough. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in composite coding. A first digit of 1 indicates the child received the drug, and the second digit indicates the child's illness: 11: The child was given the drug for a fever 12: The child was given the drug for a cough 13: The child was given the drug for a fever or a cough 14: The child was given the drug for both a fever and a cough 15: The child was given the drug for a fever or convulsions 16: The child was given the drug for a fever or difficult/rapid breathing See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Child's fever/cough treated by: Other Child's fever/cough treated by: Other Child's fever/cough treated by: Other Child's fever/cough treated by: Other Child's fever/cough treated by: Other 457) What was given to him/her? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. INJECTION A ANTIBIOTIC (PILL OR SYRUP) B ANTIMALARIAL (PILL OR SYRUP) C COUGH SYRUP D OTHER PILL OR SYRUP E UNKNOWN PILL OR SYRUP F HOME REMEDY/HERBAL MEDICINE G OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ H 16 Given other medicine for fever or difficult/rapid breathing 00 No 10 Yes, child given other 11 Given other medicine for fever 12 Given other medicine for cough 13 Given other medicine for fever or cough 14 Given other medicine for fever and cough 15 Given other medicine for fever or convulsions 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 to 4 weeks, FEVGIVOTH (ML13X) indicates whether the child was given some other medicine. The meaning of "other" must be interpreted relative to the specific categories included in the sample. A few samples ask separately about drugs taken for fever and drugs taken for cough. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in composite coding. A first digit of 1 indicates the child received the drug, and the second digit indicates the child's illness: 11: The child was given the drug for a fever 12: The child was given the drug for a cough 13: The child was given the drug for a fever or a cough 14: The child was given the drug for both a fever and a cough 15: The child was given the drug for a fever or convulsions 16: The child was given the drug for a fever or difficult/rapid breathing See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Child's fever/cough treated by: Any medicine Child's fever/cough treated by: Any medicine Child's fever/cough treated by: Any medicine Child's fever/cough treated by: Any medicine Child's fever/cough treated by: Any medicine 456) Was anything given to (NAME) to treat the fever/cough? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 458) DON'T KNOW 8 (GO TO 458) 16 Given any treatment for fever or difficult/rapid breathing 00 No 10 Yes, child given any treatment 11 Given any treatment for fever 12 Given any treatment for cough 13 Given any treatment for fever or cough 14 Given any treatment for fever and cough 15 Given any treatment for fever or convulsions 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 to 4 weeks, FEVGIVANY indicates whether the child was given any medicine. A few samples ask separately about drugs taken for fever and drugs taken for cough. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in composite coding. A first digit of 1 indicates the child received any drug, and the second digit indicates the child's illness: 11: The child was given any drug for a fever 12: The child was given any drug for a cough 13: The child was given any drug for a fever or a cough 14: The child was given any drug for both a fever and a cough 15: The child was given any drug for a fever or convulsions 16: The child was given any drug for a fever or difficult/rapid breathing See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Child's fever/cough treated by: Nothing Child's fever/cough treated by: Nothing Child's fever/cough treated by: Nothing Child's fever/cough treated by: Nothing Child's fever/cough treated by: Nothing 456) Was anything given to (NAME) to treat the fever/cough? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 458) DON'T KNOW 8 (GO TO 458) 16 Given nothing for fever or difficult/rapid breathing 00 No 10 Yes, child given nothing 11 Given nothing for fever 12 Given nothing for cough 13 Given nothing for fever or cough 14 Given nothing for fever and cough 15 Given nothing for fever or convulsions 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 to 4 weeks, FEVGIVNONE (ML13Y) indicates whether the child was given no medicine. A few samples ask separately about drugs taken for fever and drugs taken for cough. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in composite coding. A first digit of 1 indicates the child received no drug, and the second digit indicates the child's illness: 11: The child was given no drug for a fever 12: The child was given no drug for a cough 13: The child was given no drug for a fever or a cough 14: The child was given no drug for both a fever and a cough 15: The child was given no drug for a fever or convulsions 16: The child was given no drug for a fever or difficult/rapid breathing See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Child taken to medical facility for fever/cough treatment Child taken to medical facility for fever/cough treatment Child taken to medical facility for fever/cough treatment Child taken to medical facility for fever/cough treatment Child taken to medical facility for fever/cough treatment 458) Did you seek advice or treatment for the fever/cough? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 460) Did not receive any treatment 1 Received treatment 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever and/or cough in the past 2 weeks, FEVTREMEDFAC (H32Z) indicates whether they were taken to a medical facility for treatment for this illness. According to the standard DHS recode manuals, a treatment source was considered a medical facility if it fell under the Public Sector or Medical Private Sector headers, except for Pharmacy. IPUMS Whether no treatment or advice sought for child's fever/cough Whether no treatment or advice sought for child's fever/cough Whether no treatment or advice sought for child's fever/cough Whether no treatment or advice sought for child's fever/cough Whether no treatment or advice sought for child's fever/cough 458) Did you seek advice or treatment for the fever/cough? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 460) No, received treatment 1 Yes, no treatment or advice sought 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever and/or cough in the past 2 weeks, FEVTRENONE (H32Y) indicates whether no treatment or advice was sought for this illness. This variable is constructed based on the responses to the standard DHS variables H32A-H32X. IPUMS Source of fever/cough treatment: Public hospital Source of fever/cough treatment: Public hospital Source of fever/cough treatment: Public hospital Source of fever/cough treatment: Public hospital Source of fever/cough treatment: Public hospital 459) Where did you seek advice or treatment? Anyone else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D MATERNITY WARD E PEOPLE'S PHARMACY F MOBILE CLINIC G FIRST-AID WORKER H PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE I CLINIC/HOSPITAL J PHARMACY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE M SHOP/MARKET N TRADITIONAL HEALER O NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE P OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ Q 00 No 10 Yes, sought treatment at public hospital 11 Sought treatment for fever 12 Sought treatment for cough 13 Sought treatment for fever or cough 14 Sought treatment for fever and cough 15 Sought treatment for cough and convulsions 16 Sought treatment for convulsions 17 Sought treatment for fever or rapid/difficult breathing 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 weeks, FEVTRPUBHOS (H32A) indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment at a public hospital for this illness. Some samples in the "FEVTR" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, such as FEVTRPUBHOS, while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public hospitals that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. A few samples ask separately about treatment given for fever and treatment given for cough. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in composite coding. A first digit of 1 indicates the child received treatment from a given source, and the second digit indicates the child's illness. A code of "11" indicates the child received treatment for a fever; a code of "12" indicates the child received treatment for a cough; a code of "13" indicates the child received treatment for a fever or a cough; a code of "14" indicates the child received treatment for both a fever and a cough; a code of "15" indicates the child received treatment for a cough and convulsions; a code of "16" indicates the child received treatment for convulsions; and a code of "17" indicates the child received treatment for a fever or rapid/difficult breathing. See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Source of fever/cough treatment: Public health center Source of fever/cough treatment: Public health center Source of fever/cough treatment: Public health center Source of fever/cough treatment: Public health center Source of fever/cough treatment: Public health center 459) Where did you seek advice or treatment? Anyone else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D MATERNITY WARD E PEOPLE'S PHARMACY F MOBILE CLINIC G FIRST-AID WORKER H PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE I CLINIC/HOSPITAL J PHARMACY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE M SHOP/MARKET N TRADITIONAL HEALER O NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE P OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ Q ***** 459) Where did you seek advice or treatment? Anyone else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D MATERNITY WARD E PEOPLE'S PHARMACY F MOBILE CLINIC G FIRST-AID WORKER H PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE I CLINIC/HOSPITAL J PHARMACY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE M SHOP/MARKET N TRADITIONAL HEALER O NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE P OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ Q 00 No 10 Yes, sought treatment at public health center 11 Sought treatment for fever 12 Sought treatment for cough 13 Sought treatment for fever or cough 14 Sought treatment for fever and cough 15 Sought treatment for cough and convulsions 16 Sought treatment for convulsions 17 Sought treatment for fever or rapid/difficult breathing 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 weeks, FEVTRPUBHC (H32B) indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment at a public health center for this illness. Some samples in the "FEVTR" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, such as FEVTRPUBHC, while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public health centers that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. A few samples ask separately about treatment given for fever and treatment given for cough. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in composite coding. A first digit of 1 indicates the child received treatment from a given source, and the second digit indicates the child's illness. A code of "11" indicates the child received treatment for a fever; a code of "12" indicates the child received treatment for a cough; a code of "13" indicates the child received treatment for a fever or a cough; a code of "14" indicates the child received treatment for both a fever and a cough; a code of "15" indicates the child received treatment for a cough and convulsions; a code of "16" indicates the child received treatment for convulsions; and a code of "17" indicates the child received treatment for a fever or rapid/difficult breathing. See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Source of fever/cough treatment: Public health post Source of fever/cough treatment: Public health post Source of fever/cough treatment: Public health post Source of fever/cough treatment: Public health post Source of fever/cough treatment: Public health post 459) Where did you seek advice or treatment? Anyone else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D MATERNITY WARD E PEOPLE'S PHARMACY F MOBILE CLINIC G FIRST-AID WORKER H PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE I CLINIC/HOSPITAL J PHARMACY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE M SHOP/MARKET N TRADITIONAL HEALER O NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE P OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ Q 00 No 10 Yes, sought treatment at public health post 11 Sought treatment for fever 12 Sought treatment for cough 13 Sought treatment for fever or cough 14 Sought treatment for fever and cough 15 Sought treatment for cough and convulsions 16 Sought treatment for convulsions 17 Sought treatment for fever or rapid/difficult breathing 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 weeks, FEVTRPUBHP (H32C) indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment at a public health post for this illness. Some samples in the "FEVTR" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, such as FEVTRPUBHP, while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public health posts that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. A few samples ask separately about treatment given for fever and treatment given for cough. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in composite coding. A first digit of 1 indicates the child received treatment from a given source, and the second digit indicates the child's illness. A code of "11" indicates the child received treatment for a fever; a code of "12" indicates the child received treatment for a cough; a code of "13" indicates the child received treatment for a fever or a cough; a code of "14" indicates the child received treatment for both a fever and a cough; a code of "15" indicates the child received treatment for a cough and convulsions; a code of "16" indicates the child received treatment for convulsions; and a code of "17" indicates the child received treatment for a fever or rapid/difficult breathing. See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Source of fever/cough treatment: Public mobile clinic Source of fever/cough treatment: Public mobile clinic Source of fever/cough treatment: Public mobile clinic Source of fever/cough treatment: Public mobile clinic Source of fever/cough treatment: Public mobile clinic 459) Where did you seek advice or treatment? Anyone else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D MATERNITY WARD E PEOPLE'S PHARMACY F MOBILE CLINIC G FIRST-AID WORKER H PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE I CLINIC/HOSPITAL J PHARMACY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE M SHOP/MARKET N TRADITIONAL HEALER O NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE P OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ Q 00 No 10 Yes, sought treatment at public mobile clinic 11 Sought treatment for fever 12 Sought treatment for cough 13 Sought treatment for fever or cough 14 Sought treatment for fever and cough 15 Sought treatment for cough and convulsions 16 Sought treatment for convulsions 17 Sought treatment for fever or rapid/difficult breathing 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 weeks, FEVTRPUBMOB (H32D) indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment from a public mobile clinic for this illness. A few samples ask separately about treatment given for fever and treatment given for cough. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in composite coding. A first digit of 1 indicates the child received treatment from a given source, and the second digit indicates the child's illness. A code of "11" indicates the child received treatment for a fever; a code of "12" indicates the child received treatment for a cough; a code of "13" indicates the child received treatment for a fever or a cough; a code of "14" indicates the child received treatment for both a fever and a cough; a code of "15" indicates the child received treatment for a cough and convulsions; a code of "16" indicates the child received treatment for convulsions; and a code of "17" indicates the child received treatment for a fever or rapid/difficult breathing. See Comparability for more information. IPUMS-DHS users should be careful to distinguish FEVTRPUBMOB from FEVTRPRIVMOB (private mobile clinic). IPUMS Source of fever/cough treatment: Public fieldworker Source of fever/cough treatment: Public fieldworker Source of fever/cough treatment: Public fieldworker Source of fever/cough treatment: Public fieldworker Source of fever/cough treatment: Public fieldworker 459) Where did you seek advice or treatment? Anyone else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D MATERNITY WARD E PEOPLE'S PHARMACY F MOBILE CLINIC G FIRST-AID WORKER H PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE I CLINIC/HOSPITAL J PHARMACY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE M SHOP/MARKET N TRADITIONAL HEALER O NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE P OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ Q 00 No 10 Yes, sought treatment from public fieldworker 11 Sought treatment for fever 12 Sought treatment for cough 13 Sought treatment for fever or cough 14 Sought treatment for fever and cough 15 Sought treatment for cough and convulsions 16 Sought treatment for convulsions 17 Sought treatment for fever or rapid/difficult breathing 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 weeks, FEVTRPUBFW (H32E) indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment from a public community health worker for this illness. Some samples in the "FEVTR" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, such as FEVTRPUBFW, while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public field workers that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. A few samples ask separately about treatment given for fever and treatment given for cough. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in composite coding. A first digit of 1 indicates the child received treatment from a given source, and the second digit indicates the child's illness. A code of "11" indicates the child received treatment for a fever; a code of "12" indicates the child received treatment for a cough; a code of "13" indicates the child received treatment for a fever or a cough; a code of "14" indicates the child received treatment for both a fever and a cough; a code of "15" indicates the child received treatment for a cough and convulsions; a code of "16" indicates the child received treatment for convulsions; and a code of "17" indicates the child received treatment for a fever or rapid/difficult breathing. See Comparability for more information. IPUMS-DHS users should be careful to distinguish FEVTRPUBFW from FEVTRPRIVFW (private community health worker). IPUMS Source of fever/cough treatment: Public dispensary Source of fever/cough treatment: Public dispensary Source of fever/cough treatment: Public dispensary Source of fever/cough treatment: Public dispensary Source of fever/cough treatment: Public dispensary 459) Where did you seek advice or treatment? Anyone else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D MATERNITY WARD E PEOPLE'S PHARMACY F MOBILE CLINIC G FIRST-AID WORKER H PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE I CLINIC/HOSPITAL J PHARMACY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE M SHOP/MARKET N TRADITIONAL HEALER O NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE P OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ Q 00 No 10 Yes, sought treatment at public dispensary 11 Sought treatment for fever 12 Sought treatment for cough 13 Sought treatment for fever or cough 14 Sought treatment for fever and cough 15 Sought treatment for cough and convulsions 16 Sought treatment for convulsions 17 Sought treatment for fever or rapid/difficult breathing 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 weeks, FEVTRPUBDRUG indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment from a public dispensary, pharmacy, or drug store for this illness. A few samples ask separately about treatment given for fever and treatment given for cough. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in composite coding. A first digit of 1 indicates the child received treatment from a given source, and the second digit indicates the child's illness. A code of "11" indicates the child received treatment for a fever; a code of "12" indicates the child received treatment for a cough; a code of "13" indicates the child received treatment for a fever or a cough; a code of "14" indicates the child received treatment for both a fever and a cough; a code of "15" indicates the child received treatment for a cough and convulsions; a code of "16" indicates the child received treatment for convulsions; and a code of "17" indicates the child received treatment for a fever or rapid/difficult breathing. See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Source of fever/cough treatment: Private hospital/clinic Source of fever/cough treatment: Private hospital/clinic Source of fever/cough treatment: Private hospital/clinic Source of fever/cough treatment: Private hospital/clinic Source of fever/cough treatment: Private hospital/clinic 459) Where did you seek advice or treatment? Anyone else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D MATERNITY WARD E PEOPLE'S PHARMACY F MOBILE CLINIC G FIRST-AID WORKER H PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE I CLINIC/HOSPITAL J PHARMACY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE M SHOP/MARKET N TRADITIONAL HEALER O NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE P OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ Q 00 No 10 Yes, sought treatment at private hospital/clinic 11 Sought treatment for fever 12 Sought treatment for cough 13 Sought treatment for fever or cough 14 Sought treatment for fever and cough 15 Sought treatment for cough and convulsions 16 Sought treatment for convulsions 17 Sought treatment for fever or rapid/difficult breathing 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 weeks, FEVTRPRIVHOS (H32J) indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment at a private hospital or clinic for this illness. Some samples in the "FEVTR" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, such as FEVTRPRIVHOS, while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. Additionally, a few samples ask separately about treatment given for fever and treatment given for cough. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in composite coding. A first digit of 1 indicates the child received treatment from a given source, and the second digit indicates the child's illness. A code of "11" indicates the child received treatment for a fever; a code of "12" indicates the child received treatment for a cough; a code of "13" indicates the child received treatment for a fever or a cough; a code of "14" indicates the child received treatment for both a fever and a cough; a code of "15" indicates the child received treatment for a cough and convulsions; a code of "16" indicates the child received treatment for convulsions; and a code of "17" indicates the child received treatment for a fever or rapid/difficult breathing. See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Source of fever/cough treatment: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Source of fever/cough treatment: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Source of fever/cough treatment: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Source of fever/cough treatment: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary Source of fever/cough treatment: Private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary 459) Where did you seek advice or treatment? Anyone else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D MATERNITY WARD E PEOPLE'S PHARMACY F MOBILE CLINIC G FIRST-AID WORKER H PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE I CLINIC/HOSPITAL J PHARMACY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE M SHOP/MARKET N TRADITIONAL HEALER O NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE P OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ Q ***** 459) Where did you seek advice or treatment? Anyone else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D MATERNITY WARD E PEOPLE'S PHARMACY F MOBILE CLINIC G FIRST-AID WORKER H PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE I CLINIC/HOSPITAL J PHARMACY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE M SHOP/MARKET N TRADITIONAL HEALER O NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE P OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ Q 16 Sought treatment for convulsions 00 No 10 Yes, sought treatment at private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary 11 Sought treatment for fever 12 Sought treatment for cough 13 Sought treatment for fever or cough 14 Sought treatment for fever and cough 15 Sought treatment for cough and convulsions 17 Sought treatment for fever or rapid/difficult breathing 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 weeks, FEVTRPRIVDRUG (H32K) indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment at a private pharmacy, dispensary, or drug store for this illness. Some samples in the "FEVTR" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, such as FEVTRPRIVDRUG, while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of private, formal drug sources that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. Additionally, a few samples ask separately about treatment given for fever and treatment given for cough. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in composite coding. A first digit of 1 indicates the child received treatment from a given source, and the second digit indicates the child's illness. A code of "11" indicates the child received treatment for a fever; a code of "12" indicates the child received treatment for a cough; a code of "13" indicates the child received treatment for a fever or a cough; a code of "14" indicates the child received treatment for both a fever and a cough; a code of "15" indicates the child received treatment for a cough and convulsions; a code of "16" indicates the child received treatment for convulsions; and a code of "17" indicates the child received treatment for a fever or rapid/difficult breathing. See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Source of fever/cough treatment: Private doctor Source of fever/cough treatment: Private doctor Source of fever/cough treatment: Private doctor Source of fever/cough treatment: Private doctor Source of fever/cough treatment: Private doctor 459) Where did you seek advice or treatment? Anyone else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D MATERNITY WARD E PEOPLE'S PHARMACY F MOBILE CLINIC G FIRST-AID WORKER H PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE I CLINIC/HOSPITAL J PHARMACY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE M SHOP/MARKET N TRADITIONAL HEALER O NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE P OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ Q 00 No 10 Yes, sought treatment from private doctor 11 Sought treatment for fever 12 Sought treatment for cough 13 Sought treatment for fever or cough 14 Sought treatment for fever and cough 15 Sought treatment for cough and convulsions 16 Sought treatment for convulsions 17 Sought treatment for fever or rapid/difficult breathing 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 weeks, FEVTRPRIVDR (H32L) indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment from a private doctor for this illness. A few samples ask separately about treatment given for fever and treatment given for cough. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in composite coding. A first digit of 1 indicates the child received treatment from a given source, and the second digit indicates the child's illness. A code of "11" indicates the child received treatment for a fever; a code of "12" indicates the child received treatment for a cough; a code of "13" indicates the child received treatment for a fever or a cough; a code of "14" indicates the child received treatment for both a fever and a cough; a code of "15" indicates the child received treatment for a cough and convulsions; a code of "16" indicates the child received treatment for convulsions; a code of "17" indicates the child received treatment for a fever or rapid/difficult breathing. See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Source of fever/cough treatment: Shop (other) Source of fever/cough treatment: Shop (other) Source of fever/cough treatment: Shop (other) Source of fever/cough treatment: Shop (other) Source of fever/cough treatment: Shop (other) 459) Where did you seek advice or treatment? Anyone else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D MATERNITY WARD E PEOPLE'S PHARMACY F MOBILE CLINIC G FIRST-AID WORKER H PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE I CLINIC/HOSPITAL J PHARMACY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE M SHOP/MARKET N TRADITIONAL HEALER O NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE P OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ Q 00 No 10 Yes, sought treatment at shop 11 Sought treatment for fever 12 Sought treatment for cough 13 Sought treatment for fever or cough 14 Sought treatment for fever and cough 15 Sought treatment for cough and convulsions 16 Sought treatment for convulsions 17 Sought treatment for fever or rapid/difficult breathing 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 weeks, FEVTRSHOP (H32S) indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment at a shop for this illness. Some samples in the "FEVTR" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, such as FEVTRSHOP, while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of shops/retailers that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. A few samples ask separately about treatment given for fever and treatment given for cough. IPUMS DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in composite coding. A first digit of 1 indicates the child received treatment from a given source, and the second digit indicates the child's illness. A code of "11" indicates the child received treatment for a fever; a code of "12" indicates the child received treatment for a cough; a code of "13" indicates the child received treatment for a fever or a cough; a code of "14" indicates the child received treatment for both a fever and a cough; a code of "15" indicates the child received treatment for a cough and convulsions; a code of "16" indicates the child received treatment for convulsions; and a code of "17" indicates the child received treatment for a fever or rapid/difficult breathing. See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Source of fever/cough treatment: Traditional healer/practitioner Source of fever/cough treatment: Traditional healer/practitioner Source of fever/cough treatment: Traditional healer/practitioner Source of fever/cough treatment: Traditional healer/practitioner Source of fever/cough treatment: Traditional healer/practitioner 459) Where did you seek advice or treatment? Anyone else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D MATERNITY WARD E PEOPLE'S PHARMACY F MOBILE CLINIC G FIRST-AID WORKER H PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE I CLINIC/HOSPITAL J PHARMACY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE M SHOP/MARKET N TRADITIONAL HEALER O NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE P OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ Q 00 No 10 Yes, sought treatment from traditional healer/practitioner 11 Sought treatment for fever 12 Sought treatment for cough 13 Sought treatment for fever or cough 14 Sought treatment for fever and cough 15 Sought treatment for cough and convulsions 16 Sought treatment for convulsions 17 Sought treatment for fever or rapid/difficult breathing 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 weeks, FEVTRPRIVHL (H32T) indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment from a traditional healer or practitioner for this illness. Some samples in the "FEVTR" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, such as FEVTRPRIVHL, while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. A few samples ask separately about treatment given for fever and treatment given for cough. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in composite coding. A first digit of 1 indicates the child received treatment from a given source, and the second digit indicates the child's illness. A code of "11" indicates the child received treatment for a fever; a code of "12" indicates the child received treatment for a cough; a code of "13" indicates the child received treatment for a fever or a cough; a code of "14" indicates the child received treatment for both a fever and a cough; a code of "15" indicates the child received treatment for a cough and convulsions; a code of "16" indicates the child received treatment for convulsions; and a code of "17" indicates the child received treatment for a fever or rapid/difficult breathing. See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Source of fever/cough treatment: Friend/relative (other) Source of fever/cough treatment: Friend/relative (other) Source of fever/cough treatment: Friend/relative (other) Source of fever/cough treatment: Friend/relative (other) Source of fever/cough treatment: Friend/relative (other) 459) Where did you seek advice or treatment? Anyone else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D MATERNITY WARD E PEOPLE'S PHARMACY F MOBILE CLINIC G FIRST-AID WORKER H PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE I CLINIC/HOSPITAL J PHARMACY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE M SHOP/MARKET N TRADITIONAL HEALER O NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE P OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ Q 00 No 10 Yes, sought treatment from friend/relative 11 Sought treatment for fever 12 Sought treatment for cough 13 Sought treatment for fever or cough 14 Sought treatment for fever and cough 15 Sought treatment for cough and convulsions 16 Sought treatment for convulsions 17 Sought treatment for fever or rapid/difficult breathing 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 weeks, FEVTRFRND indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment from a friend or relative for this illness. A few samples ask separately about treatment given for fever and treatment given for cough. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in composite coding. A first digit of 1 indicates the child received treatment from a given source, and the second digit indicates the child's illness. A code of "11" indicates the child received treatment for a fever; a code of "12" indicates the child received treatment for a cough; a code of "13" indicates the child received treatment for a fever or a cough; a code of "14" indicates the child received treatment for both a fever and a cough; a code of "15" indicates the child received treatment for a cough and convulsions; a code of "16" indicates the child received treatment for convulsions; a code of "17" indicates the child received treatment for a fever or rapid/difficult breathing. See Comparability for more information. IPUMS Source of fever/cough treatment: Informal drug seller (other) Source of fever/cough treatment: Informal drug seller (other) Source of fever/cough treatment: Informal drug seller (other) Source of fever/cough treatment: Informal drug seller (other) Source of fever/cough treatment: Informal drug seller (other) 459) Where did you seek advice or treatment? Anyone else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D MATERNITY WARD E PEOPLE'S PHARMACY F MOBILE CLINIC G FIRST-AID WORKER H PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE I CLINIC/HOSPITAL J PHARMACY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE M SHOP/MARKET N TRADITIONAL HEALER O NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE P OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ Q 00 No 10 Yes, sought treatment at informal drug seller 11 Sought treatment for fever 12 Sought treatment for cough 13 Sought treatment for fever or cough 14 Sought treatment for fever and cough 15 Sought treatment for cough and convulsions 16 Sought treatment for convulsions 17 Sought treatment for fever or rapid/difficult breathing 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 weeks, FEVTROTHDRUG indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment from an informal drug or street vendor for this illness. A few samples ask separately about treatment given for fever and treatment given for cough. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in composite coding. A first digit of 1 indicates the child received treatment from a given source, and the second digit indicates the child's illness. A code of "11" indicates the child received treatment for a fever; a code of "12" indicates the child received treatment for a cough; a code of "13" indicates the child received treatment for a fever or a cough; a code of "14" indicates the child received treatment for both a fever and a cough; a code of "15" indicates the child received treatment for a cough and convulsions; a code of "16" indicates the child received treatment for convulsions; a code of "17" indicates the child received treatment for a fever or rapid/difficult breathing. See Comparability for more information. IPUMS-DHS users should be careful to distinguish FEVTROTHDRUG from FEVTRPUBDRUG (public drug sources) and FEVTRPRIVDRUG (private, formal drug sources). IPUMS Source of fever/cough treatment: Other Source of fever/cough treatment: Other Source of fever/cough treatment: Other Source of fever/cough treatment: Other Source of fever/cough treatment: Other 459) Where did you seek advice or treatment? Anyone else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D MATERNITY WARD E PEOPLE'S PHARMACY F MOBILE CLINIC G FIRST-AID WORKER H PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE I CLINIC/HOSPITAL J PHARMACY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE M SHOP/MARKET N TRADITIONAL HEALER O NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE P OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ Q 00 No 10 Yes, sought treatment at other source 11 Sought treatment for fever 12 Sought treatment for cough 13 Sought treatment for fever or cough 14 Sought treatment for fever and cough 15 Sought treatment for cough and convulsions 16 Sought treatment for convulsions 17 Sought treatment for fever or rapid/difficult breathing 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 weeks, FEVTROTH (H32X) indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment at some "other" source for this illness. The meaning of "other" varies depending on the specific categories included in a given sample. A few samples ask separately about treatment given for fever and treatment given for cough. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in composite coding. A first digit of 1 indicates the child received treatment from a given source, and the second digit indicates the child's illness. A code of "11" indicates the child received treatment for a fever; a code of "12" indicates the child received treatment for a cough; a code of "13" indicates the child received treatment for a fever or a cough; a code of "14" indicates the child received treatment for both a fever and a cough; a code of "15" indicates the child received treatment for a cough and convulsions; a code of "16" indicates the child received treatment for convulsions; code of "17" indicates the child received treatment for a fever or rapid/difficult breathing. See Comparability for more information. IPUMS-DHS users should be careful to distinguish FEVTROTH from FEVTRPRIVOTH ("other" under the private medical sector) and FEVTRPUBOTH ("other" under the public sector). IPUMS Source of fever/cough treatment: Health center (public) (Niger) Source of fever/cough treatment: Health center (public) (Niger) Source of fever/cough treatment: Health center (public) (Niger) Source of fever/cough treatment: Health center (public) (Niger) Source of fever/cough treatment: Health center (public) (Niger) 459) Where did you seek advice or treatment? Anyone else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D MATERNITY WARD E PEOPLE'S PHARMACY F MOBILE CLINIC G FIRST-AID WORKER H PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE I CLINIC/HOSPITAL J PHARMACY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE M SHOP/MARKET N TRADITIONAL HEALER O NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE P OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ Q 00 No 10 Yes, sought treatment at health center 11 Sought treatment for fever 12 Sought treatment for cough 13 Sought treatment for fever or cough 14 Sought treatment for fever and cough 15 Sought treatment for cough and convulsions 16 Sought treatment for convulsions 17 Sought treatment for fever or rapid/difficult breathing 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 weeks, FEVTRNE4 indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment at a government health center for this illness. This response category is country-specific to Niger. Some samples in the "FEVTR" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. FEVTRNE4 is combined with FEVTRNE5 (maternal and child health center) in FEVTRPUBHC (all public health centers) for the 1992 Niger sample. Additionally, FEVTRNE4 is combined with FEVTRNE8 (family health center) in FEVTRPUBHC for the 2006 Niger sample. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using FEVTRNE4 are encouraged to review FEVTRPUBHC for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Source of fever/cough treatment: Maternal and child health center (public) (Niger) Source of fever/cough treatment: Maternal and child health center (public) (Niger) Source of fever/cough treatment: Maternal and child health center (public) (Niger) Source of fever/cough treatment: Maternal and child health center (public) (Niger) Source of fever/cough treatment: Maternal and child health center (public) (Niger) 459) Where did you seek advice or treatment? Anyone else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D MATERNITY WARD E PEOPLE'S PHARMACY F MOBILE CLINIC G FIRST-AID WORKER H PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE I CLINIC/HOSPITAL J PHARMACY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE M SHOP/MARKET N TRADITIONAL HEALER O NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE P OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ Q 00 No 10 Yes, sought treatment at maternal and chld health center 11 Sought treatment for fever 12 Sought treatment for cough 13 Sought treatment for fever or cough 14 Sought treatment for fever and cough 15 Sought treatment for cough and convulsions 16 Sought treatment for convulsions 17 Sought treatment for fever or rapid/difficult breathing 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 weeks, FEVTRNE5 indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment at a maternal and child health center for this illness. This response category is country-specific to Niger. Some samples in the "FEVTR" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. FEVTRNE5 is combined with FEVTRNE4 (government health center) in FEVTRPUBHC (all public health centers) for the 1992 Niger sample. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using FEVTRNE5 are encouraged to review FEVTRPUBHC for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Source of fever/cough treatment: Pharmacy (private) (Niger) Source of fever/cough treatment: Pharmacy (private) (Niger) Source of fever/cough treatment: Pharmacy (private) (Niger) Source of fever/cough treatment: Pharmacy (private) (Niger) Source of fever/cough treatment: Pharmacy (private) (Niger) 459) Where did you seek advice or treatment? Anyone else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D MATERNITY WARD E PEOPLE'S PHARMACY F MOBILE CLINIC G FIRST-AID WORKER H PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE I CLINIC/HOSPITAL J PHARMACY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE M SHOP/MARKET N TRADITIONAL HEALER O NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE P OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ Q 00 No 10 Yes, sought treatment at pharmacy 11 Sought treatment for fever 12 Sought treatment for cough 13 Sought treatment for fever or cough 14 Sought treatment for fever and cough 15 Sought treatment for cough and convulsions 16 Sought treatment for convulsions 17 Sought treatment for fever or rapid/difficult breathing 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 weeks, FEVTRNE6 indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment at a private pharmacy for this illness. This response category is country-specific to Niger. Some samples in the "FEVTR" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. FEVTRNE6 is combined with FEVTRNE7 (private dispensary) in FEVTRPRIVDRUG (all private, formal drug sources) for the 1992 Niger sample. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using FEVTRNE6 are encouraged to review FEVTRPRIVDRUG for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Source of fever/cough treatment: Dispensary (private) (Niger) Source of fever/cough treatment: Dispensary (private) (Niger) Source of fever/cough treatment: Dispensary (private) (Niger) Source of fever/cough treatment: Dispensary (private) (Niger) Source of fever/cough treatment: Dispensary (private) (Niger) 459) Where did you seek advice or treatment? Anyone else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D MATERNITY WARD E PEOPLE'S PHARMACY F MOBILE CLINIC G FIRST-AID WORKER H PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE I CLINIC/HOSPITAL J PHARMACY K OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE M SHOP/MARKET N TRADITIONAL HEALER O NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE P OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ Q 00 No 10 Yes, sought treatment at dispensary 11 Sought treatment for fever 12 Sought treatment for cough 13 Sought treatment for fever or cough 14 Sought treatment for fever and cough 15 Sought treatment for cough and convulsions 16 Sought treatment for convulsions 17 Sought treatment for fever or rapid/difficult breathing 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with a fever or cough in the past 2 weeks, FEVTRNE7 indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment at a private dispensary for this illness. This response category is country-specific to Niger. Some samples in the "FEVTR" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. FEVTRNE7 is combined with FEVTRNE6 (private pharmacy) in FEVTRPRIVDRUG (all private, formal drug sources) for the 1992 Niger sample. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using FEVTRNE7 are encouraged to review FEVTRPRIVDRUG for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Child had diarrhea recently Child had diarrhea recently Child had diarrhea recently Child had diarrhea recently Child had diarrhea recently 10 No 20 Yes, recently 21 Yes, last 24 hours 22 Yes, last 2-14 days 23 Yes, last two weeks 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children under age 5, DIARRECENT (H11) indicates whether the child had diarrhea in the past 2 weeks. Question wording differences affect the comparability of DIARRECENT; see Comparability. IPUMS Days child's diarrhea lasted Days child's diarrhea lasted Days child's diarrhea lasted Days child's diarrhea lasted Days child's diarrhea lasted 463) For how many days (did the diarrhea last/has the diarrhea lasted)? IF LESS THAN A DAY, RECORD '00'. DAYS: ___ 97 Don't know 00 Less than 1 day 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 90 90+ 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children under age five who had diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIADAYS (H11A) reports the duration in days for which the last episode of diarrhea lasted. IPUMS Blood in child's stools during diarrhea Blood in child's stools during diarrhea Blood in child's stools during diarrhea Blood in child's stools during diarrhea Blood in child's stools during diarrhea 464) Was there any blood in the stool? YES 1 NO 2 DON'T KNOW 8 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children under age five who had diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIABLOODST (H11B) indicates whether there was blood in the child's stools. IPUMS Specific change in breastfeeding when child had diarrhea Specific change in breastfeeding when child had diarrhea Specific change in breastfeeding when child had diarrhea Specific change in breastfeeding when child had diarrhea Specific change in breastfeeding when child had diarrhea 467) Did you increase the number of breast feedings or reduce them, or did you stop completely? INCREASED 1 REDUCED 2 STOPPED COMPLETELY 3 10 Unchanged 20 Increased 30 Reduced 31 Somewhat less 32 Much less 40 Stopped completely 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children under age 5 who had diarrhea and were still breastfed in the past 2 weeks, DIABFEDAMT (H18A) indicates whether the child was breastfed more, less, or the same amount as usual during the illness. Question wording and response categories vary across samples; see Comparability. IPUMS Child fed the same, more, or less fluid with diarrhea Child fed the same, more, or less fluid with diarrhea Child fed the same, more, or less fluid with diarrhea Child fed the same, more, or less fluid with diarrhea Child fed the same, more, or less fluid with diarrhea 468) (Aside from breast milk) Was he/she given the same amount to drink as before the diarrhea, or more, or less? SAME 1 MORE 2 LESS 3 DON'T KNOW 8 10 Same 20 Increase 30 Decrease 31 Somewhat less 32 Much less 33 Nothing to drink 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children under age 5 who had diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIAFLUIDUPDN (H38) reports whether the child was given more, less, or the same amount of fluid as usual during the illness. Question wording differences limit the comparability of DIAFLUIDUPDN across samples; see Comparability. IPUMS Child got same, increased, or decreased food with diarrhea Child got same, increased, or decreased food with diarrhea Child got same, increased, or decreased food with diarrhea Child got same, increased, or decreased food with diarrhea Child got same, increased, or decreased food with diarrhea 469) Did you give him/her the same amount to eat as before the diarrhea, or more, or less? SAME 1 MORE 2 LESS 3 DON'T KNOW 8 10 Same 20 Increase 30 Decrease 31 Somewhat less 32 Much less 33 Stop entirely 40 Never gave food 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children under age 5 who had diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIAFOODUPDN (H39) indicates whether the child was given more, less, or the same amount of food during the illness. Question wording differences limit the comparability of DIAFOODUPDN across samples; see Comparability. IPUMS Child received any treatment for diarrhea Child received any treatment for diarrhea Child received any treatment for diarrhea Child received any treatment for diarrhea Child received any treatment for diarrhea 470) Was anything given to treat the diarrhea? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 472) DON'T KNOW 8 (GO TO 472) No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children under age 5 who had diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIATREANY (H21) is a summary variable indicating whether the child received any treatment for diarrhea. Based on standard DHS variables H11 to H21, DIATREANY indicates whether the child was taken to a public or private facility/practitioner for treatment and/or was given some medication (which could include a homemade sugar-salt-water solution) to treat the illness. IPUMS Whether no treatment or advice sought for child's diarrhea Whether no treatment or advice sought for child's diarrhea Whether no treatment or advice sought for child's diarrhea Whether no treatment or advice sought for child's diarrhea Whether no treatment or advice sought for child's diarrhea 472) Did you seek advice or treatment for the diarrhea? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 474) No, received treatment 1 Yes, no treatment or advice sought 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children under age 5 who had diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIATRENONE (H12Y) indicates whether no treatment or advice was sought for the child's diarrhea. IPUMS Child taken to medical facility for diarrhea treatment Child taken to medical facility for diarrhea treatment Child taken to medical facility for diarrhea treatment Child taken to medical facility for diarrhea treatment Child taken to medical facility for diarrhea treatment 472) Did you seek advice or treatment for the diarrhea? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 474) No 1 Yes, treatment at medical facility 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For young children with diarrhea in the last two weeks, DIATREMEDFAC (H12Z) indicates whether they were taken to a medical facility for treatment. Based on standard DHS variables H12A to H12X, DIATREMEDFAC indicates whether the child was taken to any of the facilities listed under the "Public Sector" and "Medical Private Sector" headers, except for Pharmacy. The exact sources of treatment included in this grouping may vary across samples; see Comparability. IPUMS Child given antibiotics for diarrhea Child given antibiotics for diarrhea Child given antibiotics for diarrhea Child given antibiotics for diarrhea Child given antibiotics for diarrhea 471) What was given or made to treat the diarrhea? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. FLUID FROM ORS PACKET A RECOMMENDED HOME FLUID B ANTIBIOTIC PILL OR SYRUP C OTHER PILL OR SYRUP D INJECTION E (I.V.) INTRAVENOUS F HOME REMEDY/HERBAL MEDICINE G GUITTI/BAOURI H OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ I No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children under age 5 who had diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIAGIVANTIB (H15A) indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child was given antibiotics to treat this illness. IPUMS Child given unspecified injection for diarrhea Child given unspecified injection for diarrhea Child given unspecified injection for diarrhea Child given unspecified injection for diarrhea Child given unspecified injection for diarrhea 471) What was given or made to treat the diarrhea? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. FLUID FROM ORS PACKET A RECOMMENDED HOME FLUID B ANTIBIOTIC PILL OR SYRUP C OTHER PILL OR SYRUP D INJECTION E (I.V.) INTRAVENOUS F HOME REMEDY/HERBAL MEDICINE G GUITTI/BAOURI H OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ I No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children under age 5 who had diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIAGIVINJUNSPEC indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child was given an unknown injection to treat this illness. IPUMS Child given an IV for diarrhea Child given an IV for diarrhea Child given an IV for diarrhea Child given an IV for diarrhea Child given an IV for diarrhea 471) What was given or made to treat the diarrhea? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. FLUID FROM ORS PACKET A RECOMMENDED HOME FLUID B ANTIBIOTIC PILL OR SYRUP C OTHER PILL OR SYRUP D INJECTION E (I.V.) INTRAVENOUS F HOME REMEDY/HERBAL MEDICINE G GUITTI/BAOURI H OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ I No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children under age 5 who had diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIAGIVIV (H15C) indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child was given an IV (intravenous fluids) to treat this illness. The IV could have been used to deliver drugs and/or fluids to prevent dehydration and supply calories. IPUMS Child given pills or syrups (unspecified) for diarrhea Child given pills or syrups (unspecified) for diarrhea Child given pills or syrups (unspecified) for diarrhea Child given pills or syrups (unspecified) for diarrhea Child given pills or syrups (unspecified) for diarrhea 471) What was given or made to treat the diarrhea? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. FLUID FROM ORS PACKET A RECOMMENDED HOME FLUID B ANTIBIOTIC PILL OR SYRUP C OTHER PILL OR SYRUP D INJECTION E (I.V.) INTRAVENOUS F HOME REMEDY/HERBAL MEDICINE G GUITTI/BAOURI H OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ I No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children under age 5 who had diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIAGIVPILSYR (H15) indicates whether the child was given some unspecified other pills or syrup to treat this illness. The meaning of "other" depends on the specific medications included in a given survey, For Phase 5 forward, the similar variable DIAGIVPILUNK reports whether the child was given an "unknown" type of pill or syrup to treat diarrhea. IPUMS Child given home remedy or herbal medicine for diarrhea Child given home remedy or herbal medicine for diarrhea Child given home remedy or herbal medicine for diarrhea Child given home remedy or herbal medicine for diarrhea Child given home remedy or herbal medicine for diarrhea 471) What was given or made to treat the diarrhea? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. FLUID FROM ORS PACKET A RECOMMENDED HOME FLUID B ANTIBIOTIC PILL OR SYRUP C OTHER PILL OR SYRUP D INJECTION E (I.V.) INTRAVENOUS F HOME REMEDY/HERBAL MEDICINE G GUITTI/BAOURI H OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ I No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children under age 5 who had diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIAGIVHERB (H15D) indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child was given home remedies or herbal medicines to treat this illness. IPUMS Child given oral rehydration for diarrhea Child given oral rehydration for diarrhea Child given oral rehydration for diarrhea Child given oral rehydration for diarrhea Child given oral rehydration for diarrhea 471) What was given or made to treat the diarrhea? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. FLUID FROM ORS PACKET A RECOMMENDED HOME FLUID B ANTIBIOTIC PILL OR SYRUP C OTHER PILL OR SYRUP D INJECTION E (I.V.) INTRAVENOUS F HOME REMEDY/HERBAL MEDICINE G GUITTI/BAOURI H OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ I 10 No 20 Yes 21 Yes, ORS - spontaneous 22 Yes, ORS - probed 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children under age 5 who had diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIAGIVORS (H13) indicates whether the child was given a sugar-salt-water solution or oral rehydration solution (ORS) to treat this illness. IPUMS Days child given ORS for diarrhea treatment Days child given ORS for diarrhea treatment Days child given ORS for diarrhea treatment Days child given ORS for diarrhea treatment Days child given ORS for diarrhea treatment 477) For how many days did (NAME) receive the liquid prepared from a special packet? IF LESS THAN ONE DAY, RECORD '00'. DAYS: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 96 Given at health facility 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For young children with diarrhea in the last 2 weeks, DIAGIVORSDAYS (H13A) reports the number of days they were given an oral rehydration solution (ORS). The related variable DIAGIVORS (H13) indicates whether the young child was given ORS at all to treat the diarrhea. IPUMS Child given recommended home solution with salt and sugar for diarrhea Child given recommended home solution with salt and sugar for diarrhea Child given recommended home solution with salt and sugar for diarrhea Child given recommended home solution with salt and sugar for diarrhea Child given recommended home solution with salt and sugar for diarrhea 471) What was given or made to treat the diarrhea? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. FLUID FROM ORS PACKET A RECOMMENDED HOME FLUID B ANTIBIOTIC PILL OR SYRUP C OTHER PILL OR SYRUP D INJECTION E (I.V.) INTRAVENOUS F HOME REMEDY/HERBAL MEDICINE G GUITTI/BAOURI H OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ I 10 Yes 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 00 No 11 Yes, spontaneous 12 Yes, probed For surviving children under age 5 who had diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIAGIVSOLUT (H14) indicates whether the child was given a recommended homemade solution to treat this illness. IPUMS Days child given recommended home solution for diarrhea Days child given recommended home solution for diarrhea Days child given recommended home solution for diarrhea Days child given recommended home solution for diarrhea Days child given recommended home solution for diarrhea 480) For how many days did (NAME) receive liquid prepared with sugar, salt, and water when he/she had diarrhea? DAYS: ___ DON'T KNOW 98 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) DIAGIVHOMSOLDAYS (H14A) reports the number of days the young child was given a recommended homemade solution to treat a recent episode of diarrhea. The related variable DIAGIVSOLUT (H14) indicates whether the young child was given a homemade solution at all to treat the diarrhea. IPUMS Child given other treatment for diarrhea Child given other treatment for diarrhea Child given other treatment for diarrhea Child given other treatment for diarrhea Child given other treatment for diarrhea 471) What was given or made to treat the diarrhea? Anything else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. FLUID FROM ORS PACKET A RECOMMENDED HOME FLUID B ANTIBIOTIC PILL OR SYRUP C OTHER PILL OR SYRUP D INJECTION E (I.V.) INTRAVENOUS F HOME REMEDY/HERBAL MEDICINE G GUITTI/BAOURI H OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ I No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For young children with diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIAGIVOTHER (H20) indicates whether they were given some "other" treatment for this illness. The meaning of "other" depends on the types of diarrhea treatment specified in a given sample. IPUMS Child given nothing as treatment for diarrhea Child given nothing as treatment for diarrhea Child given nothing as treatment for diarrhea Child given nothing as treatment for diarrhea Child given nothing as treatment for diarrhea 470) Was anything given to treat the diarrhea? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 472) DON'T KNOW 8 (GO TO 472) No, given some treatment 1 Yes, nothing given as treatment 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children under age 5 who had diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIAGIVNONE (H21A) indicates whether the child was given no treatment for this illness. IPUMS Source of diarrhea treatment: Private hospital/clinic Source of diarrhea treatment: Private hospital/clinic Source of diarrhea treatment: Private hospital/clinic Source of diarrhea treatment: Private hospital/clinic Source of diarrhea treatment: Private hospital/clinic 473) Where did you seek advice or treatment? Anyone else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D MATERNITY WARD E PEOPLE'S PHARMACY F MOBILE CLINIC G FIRST-AID WORKER H PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL I PHARMACY J PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE K PRIVATE CLINIC L OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE M SHOP/MARKET N TRADITIONAL HEALER O NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE P OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ Q No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children with diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIATRPRIVHOS (H12J) indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment at a private hospital or clinic. Some samples in the "DIATR" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of private hospitals that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in DIATRPRIVHOS. IPUMS Source of diarrhea treatment: Private doctor Source of diarrhea treatment: Private doctor Source of diarrhea treatment: Private doctor Source of diarrhea treatment: Private doctor Source of diarrhea treatment: Private doctor 473) Where did you seek advice or treatment? Anyone else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D MATERNITY WARD E PEOPLE'S PHARMACY F MOBILE CLINIC G FIRST-AID WORKER H PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL I PHARMACY J PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE K PRIVATE CLINIC L OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE M SHOP/MARKET N TRADITIONAL HEALER O NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE P OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ Q No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children with diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIATRPRIVDR (H12L) indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment from a private doctor. Some samples in the "DIATR" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of private doctors that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in DIATPRIVDR. IPUMS Source of diarrhea treatment: Traditional Practitioner/Healer Source of diarrhea treatment: Traditional Practitioner/Healer Source of diarrhea treatment: Traditional Practitioner/Healer Source of diarrhea treatment: Traditional Practitioner/Healer Source of diarrhea treatment: Traditional Practitioner/Healer 473) Where did you seek advice or treatment? Anyone else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D MATERNITY WARD E PEOPLE'S PHARMACY F MOBILE CLINIC G FIRST-AID WORKER H PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL I PHARMACY J PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE K PRIVATE CLINIC L OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE M SHOP/MARKET N TRADITIONAL HEALER O NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE P OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ Q No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children with diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIATRPRIVHL (H12T) indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment from a traditional healer or practitioner. Some samples in the "DIATR" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of traditional practitioners/healers that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in DIATRPRIVHL. IPUMS Source of diarrhea treatment: Private pharmacy Source of diarrhea treatment: Private pharmacy Source of diarrhea treatment: Private pharmacy Source of diarrhea treatment: Private pharmacy Source of diarrhea treatment: Private pharmacy 473) Where did you seek advice or treatment? Anyone else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D MATERNITY WARD E PEOPLE'S PHARMACY F MOBILE CLINIC G FIRST-AID WORKER H PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL I PHARMACY J PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE K PRIVATE CLINIC L OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE M SHOP/MARKET N TRADITIONAL HEALER O NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE P OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ Q ***** 473) Where did you seek advice or treatment? Anyone else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D MATERNITY WARD E PEOPLE'S PHARMACY F MOBILE CLINIC G FIRST-AID WORKER H PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL I PHARMACY J PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE K PRIVATE CLINIC L OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE M SHOP/MARKET N TRADITIONAL HEALER O NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE P OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ Q No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children with diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIATRPRIVDRUG (H12K) indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment at a private pharmacy, drug store, or dispensary. Some samples in the "DIATR" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of private drug sources that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in DIATPRIVDRUG. Users should be careful to distinguish this variable from DIATRPUBDRUG and DIATROTHDRUG, which refer to public drug sources and informal drug sources, respectively. IPUMS Source of diarrhea treatment: Public hospital Source of diarrhea treatment: Public hospital Source of diarrhea treatment: Public hospital Source of diarrhea treatment: Public hospital Source of diarrhea treatment: Public hospital 473) Where did you seek advice or treatment? Anyone else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D MATERNITY WARD E PEOPLE'S PHARMACY F MOBILE CLINIC G FIRST-AID WORKER H PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL I PHARMACY J PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE K PRIVATE CLINIC L OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE M SHOP/MARKET N TRADITIONAL HEALER O NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE P OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ Q No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children with diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIATRPUBHOS (H12A) indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment at a public hospital for this illness. Some samples in the "DIATR" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public hospitals that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. IPUMS Source of diarrhea treatment: Public health center Source of diarrhea treatment: Public health center Source of diarrhea treatment: Public health center Source of diarrhea treatment: Public health center Source of diarrhea treatment: Public health center 473) Where did you seek advice or treatment? Anyone else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D MATERNITY WARD E PEOPLE'S PHARMACY F MOBILE CLINIC G FIRST-AID WORKER H PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL I PHARMACY J PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE K PRIVATE CLINIC L OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE M SHOP/MARKET N TRADITIONAL HEALER O NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE P OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ Q No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children with diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIATRPUBHC (H12B) indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment at a public health center for this illness. Some samples in the "DIATR" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public health centers that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. IPUMS Source of diarrhea treatment: Health post (public) Source of diarrhea treatment: Health post (public) Source of diarrhea treatment: Health post (public) Source of diarrhea treatment: Health post (public) Source of diarrhea treatment: Health post (public) 473) Where did you seek advice or treatment? Anyone else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D MATERNITY WARD E PEOPLE'S PHARMACY F MOBILE CLINIC G FIRST-AID WORKER H PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL I PHARMACY J PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE K PRIVATE CLINIC L OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE M SHOP/MARKET N TRADITIONAL HEALER O NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE P OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ Q No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children with diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIATRPUBHP (H12C) indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment at a public health post for this illness. Some samples in the "DIATR" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public health posts that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. IPUMS Source of diarrhea treatment: Mobile clinic (public) Source of diarrhea treatment: Mobile clinic (public) Source of diarrhea treatment: Mobile clinic (public) Source of diarrhea treatment: Mobile clinic (public) Source of diarrhea treatment: Mobile clinic (public) 473) Where did you seek advice or treatment? Anyone else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D MATERNITY WARD E PEOPLE'S PHARMACY F MOBILE CLINIC G FIRST-AID WORKER H PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL I PHARMACY J PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE K PRIVATE CLINIC L OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE M SHOP/MARKET N TRADITIONAL HEALER O NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE P OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ Q No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children with diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIATRPUBMOB (H12D) indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment from a public mobile clinic for this illness. Users should be careful to distinguish this variable from DIATRPRIVMOB ("fieldworker" under the private medical sector category). IPUMS Source of diarrhea treatment: Fieldworker (public) Source of diarrhea treatment: Fieldworker (public) Source of diarrhea treatment: Fieldworker (public) Source of diarrhea treatment: Fieldworker (public) Source of diarrhea treatment: Fieldworker (public) 473) Where did you seek advice or treatment? Anyone else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D MATERNITY WARD E PEOPLE'S PHARMACY F MOBILE CLINIC G FIRST-AID WORKER H PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL I PHARMACY J PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE K PRIVATE CLINIC L OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE M SHOP/MARKET N TRADITIONAL HEALER O NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE P OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ Q No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children with diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIATRPUBFW (H12E) indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment from a public fieldworker for this illness. Users should be careful to distinguish this variable from DIATRPRIVFW ("fieldworker" under the private medical sector category). Some samples in the "DIATR" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of public fieldworkers that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in this variable. IPUMS Source of diarrhea treatment: Dispensary (public) Source of diarrhea treatment: Dispensary (public) Source of diarrhea treatment: Dispensary (public) Source of diarrhea treatment: Dispensary (public) Source of diarrhea treatment: Dispensary (public) 473) Where did you seek advice or treatment? Anyone else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D MATERNITY WARD E PEOPLE'S PHARMACY F MOBILE CLINIC G FIRST-AID WORKER H PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL I PHARMACY J PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE K PRIVATE CLINIC L OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE M SHOP/MARKET N TRADITIONAL HEALER O NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE P OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ Q No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For surviving children with diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIATRPUBDRUG indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment at a public pharmacy or dispensary for this illness. Users should be careful to distinguish this variable from DIATRPRIVDRUG and DIATROTHDRUG, which refer to private drug sources and informal drug sources, respectively. Some samples that included pharmacy or dispensary as a potential source of treatment were not added to DIATRPUBDRUG due to comparability issues. IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Comparability tab for more information on these samples. IPUMS Source of diarrhea treatment: Shop/market Source of diarrhea treatment: Shop/market Source of diarrhea treatment: Shop/market Source of diarrhea treatment: Shop/market Source of diarrhea treatment: Shop/market 473) Where did you seek advice or treatment? Anyone else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D MATERNITY WARD E PEOPLE'S PHARMACY F MOBILE CLINIC G FIRST-AID WORKER H PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL I PHARMACY J PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE K PRIVATE CLINIC L OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE M SHOP/MARKET N TRADITIONAL HEALER O NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE P OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ Q No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children with diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIATRSHOP (H12S) indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment from a shop. Some samples in the "DIATR" series include categories that can be consolidated into a single response. IPUMS DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable while preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. For example, a given sample might include multiple categories for different types of shops/retailers that could be combined to create a more comprehensive response category. See Comparability for more information on the specific categories combined in DIATRSHOP. IPUMS Source of diarrhea treatment: Drug vendor, informal Source of diarrhea treatment: Drug vendor, informal Source of diarrhea treatment: Drug vendor, informal Source of diarrhea treatment: Drug vendor, informal Source of diarrhea treatment: Drug vendor, informal 473) Where did you seek advice or treatment? Anyone else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D MATERNITY WARD E PEOPLE'S PHARMACY F MOBILE CLINIC G FIRST-AID WORKER H PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL I PHARMACY J PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE K PRIVATE CLINIC L OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE M SHOP/MARKET N TRADITIONAL HEALER O NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE P OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ Q No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children with diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIATROTHDRUG indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment from an informal drug or street vendor. IPUMS-DHS users should be careful to distinguish this variable from DIATRPUBDRUG and DIATRPRIVDRUG, country-specific variables that refer to public drug sources and private, formal drug sources, respectively. IPUMS Source of diarrhea treatment: Friend/relative/neighbor Source of diarrhea treatment: Friend/relative/neighbor Source of diarrhea treatment: Friend/relative/neighbor Source of diarrhea treatment: Friend/relative/neighbor Source of diarrhea treatment: Friend/relative/neighbor 473) Where did you seek advice or treatment? Anyone else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D MATERNITY WARD E PEOPLE'S PHARMACY F MOBILE CLINIC G FIRST-AID WORKER H PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL I PHARMACY J PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE K PRIVATE CLINIC L OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE M SHOP/MARKET N TRADITIONAL HEALER O NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE P OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ Q No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children with diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIATRFRND indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment from a friend, neighbor, and/or relative. IPUMS Source of diarrhea treatment: Other Source of diarrhea treatment: Other Source of diarrhea treatment: Other Source of diarrhea treatment: Other Source of diarrhea treatment: Other 473) Where did you seek advice or treatment? Anyone else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D MATERNITY WARD E PEOPLE'S PHARMACY F MOBILE CLINIC G FIRST-AID WORKER H PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL I PHARMACY J PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE K PRIVATE CLINIC L OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE M SHOP/MARKET N TRADITIONAL HEALER O NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE P OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ Q No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children with diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIATROTH (H12X) indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment at some "other" source. The meaning of "other" depends on the specific response categories included in a given sample. IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review the Survey Text tab to better discern the exact meaning of "other" for samples of interest. Users should be careful to distinguish this variable from DIATRPUBOTH ("other" under the public medical sector) and DIATRPRIVOTH ("other" under the private medical sector). DIATROTH includes those "other" categories that do not fit into the public or private medical sector. IPUMS Source of diarrhea treatment: Pharmacy (private) (Niger) Source of diarrhea treatment: Pharmacy (private) (Niger) Source of diarrhea treatment: Pharmacy (private) (Niger) Source of diarrhea treatment: Pharmacy (private) (Niger) Source of diarrhea treatment: Pharmacy (private) (Niger) 473) Where did you seek advice or treatment? Anyone else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D MATERNITY WARD E PEOPLE'S PHARMACY F MOBILE CLINIC G FIRST-AID WORKER H PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL I PHARMACY J PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE K PRIVATE CLINIC L OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE M SHOP/MARKET N TRADITIONAL HEALER O NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE P OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ Q No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children with diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIATRNE4 indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment from a private pharmacy. This response category is country-specific to Niger. Some samples in the "DIATR" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. DIATRNE4 is combined with DIATRNE5 (Private dispensary) in DIATRPRIVDRUG (all private formal drug sources) for the 1992 Niger sample. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using DIATRNE4 are encouraged to review DIATRPRIVDRUG for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Source of diarrhea treatment: Dispensary (private) (Niger) Source of diarrhea treatment: Dispensary (private) (Niger) Source of diarrhea treatment: Dispensary (private) (Niger) Source of diarrhea treatment: Dispensary (private) (Niger) Source of diarrhea treatment: Dispensary (private) (Niger) 473) Where did you seek advice or treatment? Anyone else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D MATERNITY WARD E PEOPLE'S PHARMACY F MOBILE CLINIC G FIRST-AID WORKER H PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL I PHARMACY J PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE K PRIVATE CLINIC L OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE M SHOP/MARKET N TRADITIONAL HEALER O NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE P OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ Q No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children with diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIATRNE5 indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment from a private dispensary. This response category is country-specific to Niger. Some samples in the "DIATR" series include multiple categories that can be consolidated into a single broad response. IPUMS-DHS uses supplemental programming to combine these responses in a standard variable, while also preserving the separate responses in country-specific variables. DIATRNE5 is combined with DIATRNE4 (Private pharmacy) in DIATRPRIVDRUG (all private formal drug sources) for the 1992 Niger sample. IPUMS-DHS users interested in using DIATRNE5 are encouraged to review DIATRPRIVDRUG for a more comprehensive response category. IPUMS Source of diarrhea treatment: Maternal and Infant Profection center (public) (Niger) Source of diarrhea treatment: Maternal and Infant Profection center (public) (Niger) Source of diarrhea treatment: Maternal and Infant Profection center (public) (Niger) Source of diarrhea treatment: Maternal and Infant Profection center (public) (Niger) Source of diarrhea treatment: Maternal and Infant Profection center (public) (Niger) 473) Where did you seek advice or treatment? Anyone else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D MATERNITY WARD E PEOPLE'S PHARMACY F MOBILE CLINIC G FIRST-AID WORKER H PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL I PHARMACY J PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE K PRIVATE CLINIC L OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE M SHOP/MARKET N TRADITIONAL HEALER O NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE P OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ Q No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children with diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIATRNE6 indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment from a Maternal and Infant Protection center (translated from "Protection Maternelle et Infantile" (PMI)). This response category is country-specific to Niger. IPUMS Source of diarrhea treatment: Maternity center (public) (Niger) Source of diarrhea treatment: Maternity center (public) (Niger) Source of diarrhea treatment: Maternity center (public) (Niger) Source of diarrhea treatment: Maternity center (public) (Niger) Source of diarrhea treatment: Maternity center (public) (Niger) 473) Where did you seek advice or treatment? Anyone else? RECORD ALL MENTIONED. PUBLIC SECTOR HOSPITAL A MEDICAL CENTER B MOTHER AND CHILD CARE CENTER C DISPENSARY D MATERNITY WARD E PEOPLE'S PHARMACY F MOBILE CLINIC G FIRST-AID WORKER H PRIVATE MEDICAL SECTOR CLINIC/HOSPITAL I PHARMACY J PRIVATE DOCTOR'S OFFICE K PRIVATE CLINIC L OTHER PRIVATE SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL WAREHOUSE M SHOP/MARKET N TRADITIONAL HEALER O NEIGHBOR/RELATIVE P OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ Q No 1 Yes 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children with diarrhea in the past 2 weeks, DIATRNE7 indicates, in response to an open-ended question, whether the child received treatment from a maternity center. This response category is country-specific to Niger. IPUMS Child has health card Child has health card Child has health card Child has health card Child has health card 442) Do you have a booklet or card where (NAME)'s vaccinations are written down? IF YES: May I see it, please? YES, SEEN 1 (GO TO 444) YES, NOT SEEN 2 (GO TO 446) NO CARD 3 10 No card 11 No longer has card 20 Yes, currently has card 21 Yes, card seen 22 Yes, card not seen 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) 23 Yes, card seen from health facility HEALTHCARDKID (H1) indicates whether the child had a health card and, if so, whether the card was seen by the interviewer. Child health cards were examined to determine whether and, if so, when, the child received specific vaccinations. IPUMS Child received any vaccination (if no health card) Child received any vaccination (if no health card) Child received any vaccination (if no health card) Child received any vaccination (if no health card) Child received any vaccination (if no health card) 446) Did (NAME) ever receive any vaccinations to prevent him/her from getting diseases? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 448) DON'T KNOW 8 (GO TO 448) No 1 Yes 6 Less than 3 months 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey, VACEV (H10) indicates whether the young child had received any vaccination. This variable generally relates to children who did not have a health card, the preferred source of documentation on vaccinations. If no health card was shown, the interviewer asked whether the child had any vaccinations (documented in VACEV), and, if the answer was yes, asked about specific types of vaccinations. Note that VACEV is not a summary variable for all questions relating to vaccinations; rather, VACEV serves as a filter variable during the interview for children lacking health cards. IPUMS Child received oral polio 0 vaccination Child received oral polio 0 vaccination Child received oral polio 0 vaccination Child received oral polio 0 vaccination Child received oral polio 0 vaccination 444) COPY THE VACCINATION DATES FOR EACH VACCINE FROM THE CARD. WRITE '44' IN THE 'DAY' COLUMN IF THE CARD SHOWS THAT A VACCINATION WAS GIVEN BUT THE DATE WAS NOT RECORDED. BCG DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 0 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ MEASLES DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ YELLOW FEVER DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 10 No 20 Yes, any information source 21 Yes, from vac card 22 Yes, date on vaccination card 23 Yes, from vac card w/out date 24 Yes, from mother's report 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey, VACOPV0 (H0) indicates whether the child has received an oral polio vaccine (OPV) dose at or near birth (sometimes called "polio 0"). The birth dose of the oral polio vaccine is administered as drops in the mouth. The oral polio vaccination primary series usually consists of a birth dose and 3 additional administrations. The complementary variables VACOPV1 (H4), VACOPV2 (H6), and VACOPV3 (H8) report the first, second, and third administrations, respectively. VACOPV0 uses composite coding, with a first digit of 2 indicating the child has been vaccinated, and the second digit indicating the source of information (a dated entry on the vaccination card, an undated mark on the vaccination card, or the mother's report). IPUMS Day child received oral polio 0 vaccination Day child received oral polio 0 vaccination Day child received oral polio 0 vaccination Day child received oral polio 0 vaccination Day child received oral polio 0 vaccination 444) COPY THE VACCINATION DATES FOR EACH VACCINE FROM THE CARD. WRITE '44' IN THE 'DAY' COLUMN IF THE CARD SHOWS THAT A VACCINATION WAS GIVEN BUT THE DATE WAS NOT RECORDED. BCG DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 0 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ MEASLES DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ YELLOW FEVER DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) VACOPV0DAY (H0D) reports the day of the month that children received their birth dose of the oral polio vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose birth dose of the oral polio vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACOPV0MO (H0M) and VACOPV0YR (H0Y) report the month and the year of the birth dose of the oral polio vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the birth dose of the oral polio vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACOPV0 (H0). IPUMS Month child received oral polio 0 vaccination Month child received oral polio 0 vaccination Month child received oral polio 0 vaccination Month child received oral polio 0 vaccination Month child received oral polio 0 vaccination 444) COPY THE VACCINATION DATES FOR EACH VACCINE FROM THE CARD. WRITE '44' IN THE 'DAY' COLUMN IF THE CARD SHOWS THAT A VACCINATION WAS GIVEN BUT THE DATE WAS NOT RECORDED. BCG DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 0 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ MEASLES DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ YELLOW FEVER DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) VACOPV0MO (H0M) reports the month that children received their birth dose of the oral polio vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose birth dose of the oral polio vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACOPV0DAY (H0D) and VACOPV0YR (H0Y) report the day of the month and the year of the birth dose of the oral polio vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the birth dose of the oral polio vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACOPV0 (H0). IPUMS Year child received oral polio 0 vaccination Year child received oral polio 0 vaccination Year child received oral polio 0 vaccination Year child received oral polio 0 vaccination Year child received oral polio 0 vaccination 444) COPY THE VACCINATION DATES FOR EACH VACCINE FROM THE CARD. WRITE '44' IN THE 'DAY' COLUMN IF THE CARD SHOWS THAT A VACCINATION WAS GIVEN BUT THE DATE WAS NOT RECORDED. BCG DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 0 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ MEASLES DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ YELLOW FEVER DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 2018 2018 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 9996 Inconsistent 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) 2017 2017 VACOPV0YR (H0Y) reports the year that children received their birth dose of the oral polio vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose birth dose of the oral polio vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACOPV0DAY (H0D) and VACOPV0MO (H0M) report the day of the month and the month of the birth dose of the oral polio vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the birth dose of the oral polio vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACOPV0 (H0). IPUMS Child received oral polio 1 vaccination Child received oral polio 1 vaccination Child received oral polio 1 vaccination Child received oral polio 1 vaccination Child received oral polio 1 vaccination 444) COPY THE VACCINATION DATES FOR EACH VACCINE FROM THE CARD. WRITE '44' IN THE 'DAY' COLUMN IF THE CARD SHOWS THAT A VACCINATION WAS GIVEN BUT THE DATE WAS NOT RECORDED. BCG DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 0 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ MEASLES DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ YELLOW FEVER DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 10 No 20 Yes, any information source 21 Yes, from vac card 22 Yes, date on vaccination card 23 Yes, from vac card w/out date 24 Yes, from mother's report 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey, VACOPV1 (H4) indicates whether the child has received the first in a series of oral polio vaccines. The oral polio vaccination primary series usually consists of a birth dose and 3 additional administrations. The complementary variables VACOPV0 (H0), VACOPV2 (H6), and VACOPV3 (H8) report the birth, second, and third administrations, respectively. VACOPV1 uses composite coding, with a first digit of 2 indicating the child has been vaccinated and the second digit indicating the source of information (a dated entry on the vaccination card, an undated mark on the vaccination card, or the mother's report). IPUMS Day child received oral polio 1 vaccination Day child received oral polio 1 vaccination Day child received oral polio 1 vaccination Day child received oral polio 1 vaccination Day child received oral polio 1 vaccination 444) COPY THE VACCINATION DATES FOR EACH VACCINE FROM THE CARD. WRITE '44' IN THE 'DAY' COLUMN IF THE CARD SHOWS THAT A VACCINATION WAS GIVEN BUT THE DATE WAS NOT RECORDED. BCG DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 0 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ MEASLES DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ YELLOW FEVER DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) VACOPV1DAY (H4D) reports the day of the month that children received their first oral polio vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose first oral polio vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACOPV1MO (H4M) and VACOPV1YR (H4Y) report the month and the year of the first oral polio vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the first oral polio vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACOPV1 (H4). IPUMS Month child received oral polio 1 vaccination Month child received oral polio 1 vaccination Month child received oral polio 1 vaccination Month child received oral polio 1 vaccination Month child received oral polio 1 vaccination 444) COPY THE VACCINATION DATES FOR EACH VACCINE FROM THE CARD. WRITE '44' IN THE 'DAY' COLUMN IF THE CARD SHOWS THAT A VACCINATION WAS GIVEN BUT THE DATE WAS NOT RECORDED. BCG DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 0 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ MEASLES DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ YELLOW FEVER DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) VACOPV1MO (H4M) reports the month that children received their first oral polio vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose first oral polio vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACOPV1DAY (H4D) and VACOPV1YR (H4Y) report the day of the month and the year of the first oral polio vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the first oral polio vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACOPV1 (H4). IPUMS Year child received oral polio 1 vaccination Year child received oral polio 1 vaccination Year child received oral polio 1 vaccination Year child received oral polio 1 vaccination Year child received oral polio 1 vaccination 444) COPY THE VACCINATION DATES FOR EACH VACCINE FROM THE CARD. WRITE '44' IN THE 'DAY' COLUMN IF THE CARD SHOWS THAT A VACCINATION WAS GIVEN BUT THE DATE WAS NOT RECORDED. BCG DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 0 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ MEASLES DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ YELLOW FEVER DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 2018 2018 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 9996 Inconsistent 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) 2017 2017 1981 1981 VACOPV1YR (H4Y) reports the year that children received their first oral polio vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose first oral polio vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACOPV1DAY (H4D) and VACOPV1MO (H4M) report the day of the month and the month of the first oral polio vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the first oral polio vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACOPV1 (H4). IPUMS Child received oral polio 2 vaccination Child received oral polio 2 vaccination Child received oral polio 2 vaccination Child received oral polio 2 vaccination Child received oral polio 2 vaccination 444) COPY THE VACCINATION DATES FOR EACH VACCINE FROM THE CARD. WRITE '44' IN THE 'DAY' COLUMN IF THE CARD SHOWS THAT A VACCINATION WAS GIVEN BUT THE DATE WAS NOT RECORDED. BCG DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 0 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ MEASLES DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ YELLOW FEVER DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 10 No 20 Yes, any information source 21 Yes, from vac card 22 Yes, date on vaccination card 23 Yes, from vac card w/out date 24 Yes, from mother's report 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey, VACOPV2 (H6) indicates whether the child has received the second in a series of oral polio vaccines. The oral polio vaccination primary series usually consists of a birth dose and 3 additional administrations. The complementary variables VACOPV0 (H0), VACOPV1 (H4), and VACOPV3 (H8) report the birth, first, and third administrations, respectively. VACOPV2 uses composite coding, with a first digit of 2 indicating the child has been vaccinated and the second digit indicating the source of information (a dated entry on the vaccination card, an undated mark on the vaccination card, or the mother's report). IPUMS Day child received oral polio 2 vaccination Day child received oral polio 2 vaccination Day child received oral polio 2 vaccination Day child received oral polio 2 vaccination Day child received oral polio 2 vaccination 444) COPY THE VACCINATION DATES FOR EACH VACCINE FROM THE CARD. WRITE '44' IN THE 'DAY' COLUMN IF THE CARD SHOWS THAT A VACCINATION WAS GIVEN BUT THE DATE WAS NOT RECORDED. BCG DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 0 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ MEASLES DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ YELLOW FEVER DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) VACOPV2DAY (H6D) reports the day of the month that children received their second oral polio vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose second oral polio vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACOPV2MO (H6M) and VACOPV2YR (H6Y) report the month and the year of the second oral polio vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the second oral polio vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACOPV2 (H6). IPUMS Month child received oral polio 2 vaccination Month child received oral polio 2 vaccination Month child received oral polio 2 vaccination Month child received oral polio 2 vaccination Month child received oral polio 2 vaccination 444) COPY THE VACCINATION DATES FOR EACH VACCINE FROM THE CARD. WRITE '44' IN THE 'DAY' COLUMN IF THE CARD SHOWS THAT A VACCINATION WAS GIVEN BUT THE DATE WAS NOT RECORDED. BCG DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 0 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ MEASLES DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ YELLOW FEVER DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) VACOPV2MO (H6M) reports the month that children received their second oral polio vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose second oral polio vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACOPV2DAY (H6D) and VACOPV2YR (H6Y) report the day of the month and the year of the second oral polio vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the second oral polio vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACOPV2 (H6). IPUMS Year child received oral polio 2 vaccination Year child received oral polio 2 vaccination Year child received oral polio 2 vaccination Year child received oral polio 2 vaccination Year child received oral polio 2 vaccination 444) COPY THE VACCINATION DATES FOR EACH VACCINE FROM THE CARD. WRITE '44' IN THE 'DAY' COLUMN IF THE CARD SHOWS THAT A VACCINATION WAS GIVEN BUT THE DATE WAS NOT RECORDED. BCG DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 0 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ MEASLES DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ YELLOW FEVER DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 2018 2018 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 9996 Inconsistent 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) 2017 2017 VACOPV2YR (H6Y) reports the year that children received their second oral polio vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose second oral polio vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACOPV2DAY (H6D) and VACOPV2MO (H6M) report the day of the month and the month of the second oral polio vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the second oral polio vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACOPV2 (H6). IPUMS Child received oral polio 3 vaccination Child received oral polio 3 vaccination Child received oral polio 3 vaccination Child received oral polio 3 vaccination Child received oral polio 3 vaccination 444) COPY THE VACCINATION DATES FOR EACH VACCINE FROM THE CARD. WRITE '44' IN THE 'DAY' COLUMN IF THE CARD SHOWS THAT A VACCINATION WAS GIVEN BUT THE DATE WAS NOT RECORDED. BCG DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 0 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ MEASLES DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ YELLOW FEVER DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 10 No 20 Yes, any information source 21 Yes, from vaccination card 22 Yes, date on vaccination card 23 Yes, from vac card w/out date 24 Yes, from mother's report 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey, VACOPV3 (H8) indicates whether the child has received the third in a series of oral polio vaccines. The oral polio vaccination primary series usually consists of a birth dose and 3 additional administrations. The complementary variables VACOPV0 (H0), VACOPV1 (H4), and VACOPV2 (H6) report the birth, first, and second administrations, respectively. VACOPV3 uses composite coding, with a first digit of 2 indicating the child has been vaccinated and the second digit indicating the source of information (a dated entry on the vaccination card, an undated mark on the vaccination card, or the mother's report). IPUMS Day child received polio 3 vaccination Day child received polio 3 vaccination Day child received polio 3 vaccination Day child received polio 3 vaccination Day child received polio 3 vaccination 444) COPY THE VACCINATION DATES FOR EACH VACCINE FROM THE CARD. WRITE '44' IN THE 'DAY' COLUMN IF THE CARD SHOWS THAT A VACCINATION WAS GIVEN BUT THE DATE WAS NOT RECORDED. BCG DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 0 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ MEASLES DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ YELLOW FEVER DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) VACOPV3DAY (H8D) reports the day of the month that children received their third oral polio vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose third oral polio vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACOPV3MO (H8M) and VACOPV3YR (H8Y) report the month and the year of the third oral polio vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the third oral polio vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACOPV3 (H8). IPUMS Month child received oral polio 3 vaccination Month child received oral polio 3 vaccination Month child received oral polio 3 vaccination Month child received oral polio 3 vaccination Month child received oral polio 3 vaccination 444) COPY THE VACCINATION DATES FOR EACH VACCINE FROM THE CARD. WRITE '44' IN THE 'DAY' COLUMN IF THE CARD SHOWS THAT A VACCINATION WAS GIVEN BUT THE DATE WAS NOT RECORDED. BCG DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 0 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ MEASLES DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ YELLOW FEVER DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) VACOPV3MO (H8M) reports the month that children received their third oral polio vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose third oral polio vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACOPV3DAY (H8D) and VACOPV3YR (H8Y) report the day of the month and the year of the third oral polio vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the third oral polio vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACOPV3 (H8). IPUMS Year child received oral polio 3 vaccination Year child received oral polio 3 vaccination Year child received oral polio 3 vaccination Year child received oral polio 3 vaccination Year child received oral polio 3 vaccination 444) COPY THE VACCINATION DATES FOR EACH VACCINE FROM THE CARD. WRITE '44' IN THE 'DAY' COLUMN IF THE CARD SHOWS THAT A VACCINATION WAS GIVEN BUT THE DATE WAS NOT RECORDED. BCG DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 0 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ MEASLES DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ YELLOW FEVER DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 2018 2018 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 9996 Inconsistent 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) 2017 2017 VACOPV3YR (H8Y) reports the year that children received their third oral polio vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose third oral polio vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACOPV3DAY (H8D) and VACOPV3MO (H8M) report the day of the month and the month of the third oral polio vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the third oral polio vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACOPV3 (H8). IPUMS Child received Imovax (polio) 1 vaccination Child received Imovax (polio) 1 vaccination Child received Imovax (polio) 1 vaccination Child received Imovax (polio) 1 vaccination Child received Imovax (polio) 1 vaccination 444) COPY THE VACCINATION DATES FOR EACH VACCINE FROM THE CARD. WRITE '44' IN THE 'DAY' COLUMN IF THE CARD SHOWS THAT A VACCINATION WAS GIVEN BUT THE DATE WAS NOT RECORDED. BCG DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 0 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ MEASLES DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ YELLOW FEVER DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 10 No 20 Yes, any information source 21 Yes, from vac card 22 Yes, date on vaccination card 23 Yes, from vac card w/out date 24 Yes, from mother's report 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey, VACIMOVAX1 indicates whether the child has received the first in a series of Imovax vaccinations. The Imovax vaccine is an inactivated polio vaccine (IPV). The Imovax vaccination primary series usually consists of 2 administrations, and the complementary variable VACIMOVAX2 reports the second administration. VACIMOVAX1 uses composite coding, with a first digit of 2 indicating the child has been vaccinated and the second digit indicating the source of information (a dated entry on the vaccination card, an undated mark on the vaccination card, or the mother's report). IPUMS Day child received Imovax (polio) 1 vaccination Day child received Imovax (polio) 1 vaccination Day child received Imovax (polio) 1 vaccination Day child received Imovax (polio) 1 vaccination Day child received Imovax (polio) 1 vaccination 444) COPY THE VACCINATION DATES FOR EACH VACCINE FROM THE CARD. WRITE '44' IN THE 'DAY' COLUMN IF THE CARD SHOWS THAT A VACCINATION WAS GIVEN BUT THE DATE WAS NOT RECORDED. BCG DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 0 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ MEASLES DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ YELLOW FEVER DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) VACIMOVAX1DAY reports the day of the month that children received their first Imovax vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose first Imovax vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACIMOVAX1MO and VACIMOVAX1YR report the month and the year of the first Imovax vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the first Imovax vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACIMOVAX1. IPUMS Month child received Imovax (polio) 1 vaccination Month child received Imovax (polio) 1 vaccination Month child received Imovax (polio) 1 vaccination Month child received Imovax (polio) 1 vaccination Month child received Imovax (polio) 1 vaccination 444) COPY THE VACCINATION DATES FOR EACH VACCINE FROM THE CARD. WRITE '44' IN THE 'DAY' COLUMN IF THE CARD SHOWS THAT A VACCINATION WAS GIVEN BUT THE DATE WAS NOT RECORDED. BCG DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 0 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ MEASLES DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ YELLOW FEVER DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) VACIMOVAX1MO reports the month that children received their first Imovax vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose first Imovax vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACIMOVAX1DAY and VACIMOVAX1YR report the day of the month and the year of the first Imovax vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the first Imovax vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACIMOVAX1. IPUMS Year child received Imovax (polio) 1 vaccination Year child received Imovax (polio) 1 vaccination Year child received Imovax (polio) 1 vaccination Year child received Imovax (polio) 1 vaccination Year child received Imovax (polio) 1 vaccination 444) COPY THE VACCINATION DATES FOR EACH VACCINE FROM THE CARD. WRITE '44' IN THE 'DAY' COLUMN IF THE CARD SHOWS THAT A VACCINATION WAS GIVEN BUT THE DATE WAS NOT RECORDED. BCG DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 0 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ MEASLES DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ YELLOW FEVER DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 9996 Inconsistent 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) VACIMOVAX1YR reports the year that children received their first Imovax vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose first Imovax vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACIMOVAX1DAY and VACIMOVAX1MO report the day of the month and the month of the first Imovax vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the first Imovax vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACIMOVAX1. IPUMS Child received Imovax (polio) 2 vaccination Child received Imovax (polio) 2 vaccination Child received Imovax (polio) 2 vaccination Child received Imovax (polio) 2 vaccination Child received Imovax (polio) 2 vaccination 444) COPY THE VACCINATION DATES FOR EACH VACCINE FROM THE CARD. WRITE '44' IN THE 'DAY' COLUMN IF THE CARD SHOWS THAT A VACCINATION WAS GIVEN BUT THE DATE WAS NOT RECORDED. BCG DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 0 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ MEASLES DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ YELLOW FEVER DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 10 No 20 Yes, any information source 21 Yes, from vac card 22 Yes, date on vaccination card 23 Yes, from vac card w/out date 24 Yes, from mother's report 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey, VACIMOVAX2 indicates whether the child has received the second in a series of Imovax vaccinations. The Imovax vaccine is an inactivated polio vaccine (IPV). The Imovax vaccination primary series usually consists of 2 administrations, and the complementary variable VACIMOVAX1 reports the first administration. VACIMOVAX2 uses composite coding, with a first digit of 2 indicating the child has been vaccinated and the second digit indicating the source of information (a dated entry on the vaccination card, an undated mark on the vaccination card, or the mother's report). IPUMS Day child received Imovax (polio) 2 vaccination Day child received Imovax (polio) 2 vaccination Day child received Imovax (polio) 2 vaccination Day child received Imovax (polio) 2 vaccination Day child received Imovax (polio) 2 vaccination 444) COPY THE VACCINATION DATES FOR EACH VACCINE FROM THE CARD. WRITE '44' IN THE 'DAY' COLUMN IF THE CARD SHOWS THAT A VACCINATION WAS GIVEN BUT THE DATE WAS NOT RECORDED. BCG DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 0 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ MEASLES DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ YELLOW FEVER DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) VACIMOVAX2DAY reports the day of the month that children received their second Imovax vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose second Imovax vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACIMOVAX2MO and VACIMOVAX2YR report the month and the year of the second Imovax vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the second Imovax vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACIMOVAX2. IPUMS Month child received Imovax (polio) 2 vaccination Month child received Imovax (polio) 2 vaccination Month child received Imovax (polio) 2 vaccination Month child received Imovax (polio) 2 vaccination Month child received Imovax (polio) 2 vaccination 444) COPY THE VACCINATION DATES FOR EACH VACCINE FROM THE CARD. WRITE '44' IN THE 'DAY' COLUMN IF THE CARD SHOWS THAT A VACCINATION WAS GIVEN BUT THE DATE WAS NOT RECORDED. BCG DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 0 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ MEASLES DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ YELLOW FEVER DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) VACIMOVAX2MO reports the month that children received their second Imovax vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose second Imovax vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACIMOVAX2DAY and VACIMOVAX2YR report the day of the month and the year of the second Imovax vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the second Imovax vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACIMOVAX2. IPUMS Year child received Imovax (polio) 2 vaccination Year child received Imovax (polio) 2 vaccination Year child received Imovax (polio) 2 vaccination Year child received Imovax (polio) 2 vaccination Year child received Imovax (polio) 2 vaccination 444) COPY THE VACCINATION DATES FOR EACH VACCINE FROM THE CARD. WRITE '44' IN THE 'DAY' COLUMN IF THE CARD SHOWS THAT A VACCINATION WAS GIVEN BUT THE DATE WAS NOT RECORDED. BCG DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 0 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ MEASLES DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ YELLOW FEVER DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 9996 Inconsistent 9997 Don't know 9999 NIU (not in universe) VACIMOVAX2YR reports the year that children received their second Imovax vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose second Imovax vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACIMOVAX2DAY and VACIMOVAX2MO report the day of the month and the month of the second Imovax vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the second Imovax vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACIMOVAX2. IPUMS Child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 1 vaccination Child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 1 vaccination Child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 1 vaccination Child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 1 vaccination Child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 1 vaccination 444) COPY THE VACCINATION DATES FOR EACH VACCINE FROM THE CARD. WRITE '44' IN THE 'DAY' COLUMN IF THE CARD SHOWS THAT A VACCINATION WAS GIVEN BUT THE DATE WAS NOT RECORDED. BCG DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 0 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ MEASLES DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ YELLOW FEVER DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 10 No 20 Yes, any information source 21 Yes, from vac card 22 Yes, date on vaccination card 23 Yes, from vac card w/out date 24 Yes, from mother's report 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey, VACDPT1 (H3) indicates whether the child has received the first in a series of DPT vaccinations against diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus. The DPT vaccination is often given as an injection in the thigh or buttocks, often at the same time as polio drops. The DPT vaccination primary series usually consists of 3 administrations, and the complementary variables VACDPT2 (H5) and VACDPT3 (H7) report the second and third administrations, respectively. VACDPT1 uses composite coding, with a first digit of 2 indicating the child has been vaccinated and the second digit indicating the source of information (a dated entry on the vaccination card, an undated mark on the vaccination card, or the mother's report). IPUMS Day child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 1 vaccination Day child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 1 vaccination Day child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 1 vaccination Day child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 1 vaccination Day child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 1 vaccination 444) COPY THE VACCINATION DATES FOR EACH VACCINE FROM THE CARD. WRITE '44' IN THE 'DAY' COLUMN IF THE CARD SHOWS THAT A VACCINATION WAS GIVEN BUT THE DATE WAS NOT RECORDED. BCG DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 0 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ MEASLES DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ YELLOW FEVER DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) VACDPT1DAY (H3D) reports the day of the month that children received their first DPT vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose first DPT vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACDPT1MO (H3M) and VACDPT1YR (H3Y) report the month and the year of the first DPT vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the first DPT vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACDPT1 (H3). IPUMS Month child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 1 vaccination Month child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 1 vaccination Month child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 1 vaccination Month child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 1 vaccination Month child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 1 vaccination 444) COPY THE VACCINATION DATES FOR EACH VACCINE FROM THE CARD. WRITE '44' IN THE 'DAY' COLUMN IF THE CARD SHOWS THAT A VACCINATION WAS GIVEN BUT THE DATE WAS NOT RECORDED. BCG DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 0 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ MEASLES DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ YELLOW FEVER DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) VACDPT1MO (H3M) reports the month that children received their first DPT vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose first DPT vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACDPT1DAY (H3D) and VACDPT1YR (H3Y) report the day of the month and the year of the first DPT vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the first DPT vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACDPT1 (H3). IPUMS Year child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 1 vaccination Year child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 1 vaccination Year child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 1 vaccination Year child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 1 vaccination Year child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 1 vaccination 444) COPY THE VACCINATION DATES FOR EACH VACCINE FROM THE CARD. WRITE '44' IN THE 'DAY' COLUMN IF THE CARD SHOWS THAT A VACCINATION WAS GIVEN BUT THE DATE WAS NOT RECORDED. BCG DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 0 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ MEASLES DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ YELLOW FEVER DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 2016 2016 2015 2015 2014 2014 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 9996 Inconsistent 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) 1981 1981 VACDPT1YR (H3Y) reports the year that children received their first DPT vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose first DPT vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACDPT1DAY (H3D) and VACDPT1MO (H3M) report the day of the month and the month of the first DPT vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the first DPT vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACDPT1 (H3). IPUMS Child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 2 vaccination Child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 2 vaccination Child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 2 vaccination Child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 2 vaccination Child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 2 vaccination 444) COPY THE VACCINATION DATES FOR EACH VACCINE FROM THE CARD. WRITE '44' IN THE 'DAY' COLUMN IF THE CARD SHOWS THAT A VACCINATION WAS GIVEN BUT THE DATE WAS NOT RECORDED. BCG DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 0 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ MEASLES DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ YELLOW FEVER DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 10 No 20 Yes, any information source 21 Yes, from vac card 22 Yes, date on vaccination card 23 Yes, from vac card w/out date 24 Yes, from mother's report 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey, VACDPT2 (H5) indicates whether the child has received the second in a series of DPT vaccinations against diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus. The DPT vaccination is often given as an injection in the thigh or buttocks, often at the same time as polio drops. The DPT vaccination primary series usually consists of 3 administrations, and the complementary variables VACDPT1 (H3) and VACDPT3 (H7) report the first and third administrations, respectively. VACDPT2 uses composite coding, with a first digit of 2 indicating the child has been vaccinated and the second digit indicating the source of information (a dated entry on the vaccination card, an undated mark on the vaccination card, or the mother's report). IPUMS Day child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 2 vaccination Day child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 2 vaccination Day child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 2 vaccination Day child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 2 vaccination Day child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 2 vaccination 444) COPY THE VACCINATION DATES FOR EACH VACCINE FROM THE CARD. WRITE '44' IN THE 'DAY' COLUMN IF THE CARD SHOWS THAT A VACCINATION WAS GIVEN BUT THE DATE WAS NOT RECORDED. BCG DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 0 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ MEASLES DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ YELLOW FEVER DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) VACDPT2DAY (H5D) reports the day of the month that children received their second DPT vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose second DPT vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACDPT2MO (H5M) and VACDPT2YR (H5Y) report the month and the year of the second DPT vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the second DPT vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACDPT2 (H5). IPUMS Month child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 2 vaccination Month child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 2 vaccination Month child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 2 vaccination Month child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 2 vaccination Month child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 2 vaccination 444) COPY THE VACCINATION DATES FOR EACH VACCINE FROM THE CARD. WRITE '44' IN THE 'DAY' COLUMN IF THE CARD SHOWS THAT A VACCINATION WAS GIVEN BUT THE DATE WAS NOT RECORDED. BCG DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 0 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ MEASLES DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ YELLOW FEVER DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) VACDPT2MO (H5M) reports the month that children received their second DPT vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose second DPT vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACDPT2DAY (H5D) and VACDPT2YR (H5Y) report the day of the month and the year of the second DPT vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the second DPT vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACDPT2 (H5). IPUMS Year child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 2 vaccination Year child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 2 vaccination Year child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 2 vaccination Year child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 2 vaccination Year child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 2 vaccination 444) COPY THE VACCINATION DATES FOR EACH VACCINE FROM THE CARD. WRITE '44' IN THE 'DAY' COLUMN IF THE CARD SHOWS THAT A VACCINATION WAS GIVEN BUT THE DATE WAS NOT RECORDED. BCG DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 0 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ MEASLES DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ YELLOW FEVER DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 2016 2016 2015 2015 2014 2014 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 9996 Inconsistent 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) 1981 1981 VACDPT2YR (H5Y) reports the year that children received their second DPT vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose second DPT vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACDPT2DAY (H5D) and VACDPT2MO (H5M) report the day of the month and the month of the second DPT vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the second DPT vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACDPT2 (H5). IPUMS Child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 3 vaccination Child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 3 vaccination Child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 3 vaccination Child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 3 vaccination Child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 3 vaccination 444) COPY THE VACCINATION DATES FOR EACH VACCINE FROM THE CARD. WRITE '44' IN THE 'DAY' COLUMN IF THE CARD SHOWS THAT A VACCINATION WAS GIVEN BUT THE DATE WAS NOT RECORDED. BCG DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 0 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ MEASLES DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ YELLOW FEVER DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 10 No 20 Yes, any information source 21 Yes, from vac card 22 Yes, date on vaccination card 23 Yes, from vac card w/out date 24 Yes, from mother's report 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey, VACDPT3 (H7) indicates whether the child has received the third in a series of DPT vaccinations against diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus. The DPT vaccination is often given as an injection in the thigh or buttocks, often at the same time as polio drops. The DPT vaccination primary series usually consists of 3 administrations, and the complementary variables VACDPT1 (H3) and VACDPT2 (H5) report the first and second administrations, respectively. VACDPT3 uses composite coding, with a first digit of 2 indicating the child has been vaccinated and the second digit indicating the source of information (a dated entry on the vaccination card, an undated mark on the vaccination card, or the mother's report). IPUMS Day child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 3 vaccination Day child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 3 vaccination Day child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 3 vaccination Day child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 3 vaccination Day child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 3 vaccination 444) COPY THE VACCINATION DATES FOR EACH VACCINE FROM THE CARD. WRITE '44' IN THE 'DAY' COLUMN IF THE CARD SHOWS THAT A VACCINATION WAS GIVEN BUT THE DATE WAS NOT RECORDED. BCG DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 0 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ MEASLES DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ YELLOW FEVER DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) VACDPT3DAY (H7D) reports the day of the month that children received their third DPT vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose third DPT vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACDPT3MO (H7M) and VACDPT3YR (H7Y) report the month and the year of the third DPT vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the third DPT vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACDPT3 (H7). IPUMS Month child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 3 vaccination Month child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 3 vaccination Month child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 3 vaccination Month child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 3 vaccination Month child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 3 vaccination 444) COPY THE VACCINATION DATES FOR EACH VACCINE FROM THE CARD. WRITE '44' IN THE 'DAY' COLUMN IF THE CARD SHOWS THAT A VACCINATION WAS GIVEN BUT THE DATE WAS NOT RECORDED. BCG DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 0 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ MEASLES DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ YELLOW FEVER DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) VACDPT3MO (H7M) reports the month that children received their third DPT vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose third DPT vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACDPT3DAY (H7D) and VACDPT3YR (H7Y) report the day of the month and the year of the third DPT vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the third DPT vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACDPT3 (H7). IPUMS Year child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 3 vaccination Year child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 3 vaccination Year child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 3 vaccination Year child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 3 vaccination Year child received DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 3 vaccination 444) COPY THE VACCINATION DATES FOR EACH VACCINE FROM THE CARD. WRITE '44' IN THE 'DAY' COLUMN IF THE CARD SHOWS THAT A VACCINATION WAS GIVEN BUT THE DATE WAS NOT RECORDED. BCG DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 0 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ MEASLES DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ YELLOW FEVER DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 2016 2016 2015 2015 2014 2014 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 9996 Inconsistent 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) VACDPT3YR (H7Y) reports the year that children received their third DPT vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose third DPT vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACDPT3DAY (H7D) and VACDPT3MO (H7M) report the day of the month and the month of the third DPT vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the third DPT vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACDPT3 (H7). IPUMS Child received measles (or measles containing) 1 vaccination Child received measles (or measles containing) 1 vaccination Child received measles (or measles containing) 1 vaccination Child received measles (or measles containing) 1 vaccination Child received measles (or measles containing) 1 vaccination 444) COPY THE VACCINATION DATES FOR EACH VACCINE FROM THE CARD. WRITE '44' IN THE 'DAY' COLUMN IF THE CARD SHOWS THAT A VACCINATION WAS GIVEN BUT THE DATE WAS NOT RECORDED. BCG DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 0 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ MEASLES DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ YELLOW FEVER DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 10 No 20 Yes, any information source 21 Yes, from vac card 22 Yes, date on vaccination card 23 Yes, from vac card w/out date 24 Yes, from mother's report 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey, VACMEAS1 (H9) indicates whether the child has received the first in a series of measles (or measles-containing) vaccinations. The measles vaccination primary series usually consists of either 1 or 2 administrations, and the complementary variable VACMEAS2 (H9A) reports the second administration. VACMEAS1 uses composite coding, with a first digit of 2 indicating the child has been vaccinated and the second digit indicating the source of information (a dated entry on the vaccination card, an undated mark on the vaccination card, or the mother's report). IPUMS Day child received measles 1 vaccination Day child received measles 1 vaccination Day child received measles 1 vaccination Day child received measles 1 vaccination Day child received measles 1 vaccination 444) COPY THE VACCINATION DATES FOR EACH VACCINE FROM THE CARD. WRITE '44' IN THE 'DAY' COLUMN IF THE CARD SHOWS THAT A VACCINATION WAS GIVEN BUT THE DATE WAS NOT RECORDED. BCG DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 0 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ MEASLES DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ YELLOW FEVER DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) VACMEAS1DAY (H9D) reports the day of the month that children received their first measles or measles-containing vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose first measles vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACMEAS1MO (H9M) and VACMEAS1YR (H9Y) report the month and the year of the first measles vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the first measles vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACMEAS1 (H9). IPUMS Month child received measles 1 vaccination Month child received measles 1 vaccination Month child received measles 1 vaccination Month child received measles 1 vaccination Month child received measles 1 vaccination 444) COPY THE VACCINATION DATES FOR EACH VACCINE FROM THE CARD. WRITE '44' IN THE 'DAY' COLUMN IF THE CARD SHOWS THAT A VACCINATION WAS GIVEN BUT THE DATE WAS NOT RECORDED. BCG DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 0 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ MEASLES DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ YELLOW FEVER DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) VACMEAS1MO (H9M) reports the month that children received their first measles or measles-containing vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose first measles vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACMEAS1DAY (H9D) and VACMEAS1YR (H9Y) report the day of the month and the year of the first measles vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the first measles vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACMEAS1 (H9). IPUMS Year child received measles 1 vaccination Year child received measles 1 vaccination Year child received measles 1 vaccination Year child received measles 1 vaccination Year child received measles 1 vaccination 444) COPY THE VACCINATION DATES FOR EACH VACCINE FROM THE CARD. WRITE '44' IN THE 'DAY' COLUMN IF THE CARD SHOWS THAT A VACCINATION WAS GIVEN BUT THE DATE WAS NOT RECORDED. BCG DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 0 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ MEASLES DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ YELLOW FEVER DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 2017 2017 2018 2018 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 9996 Inconsistent 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) VACMEAS1YR (H9Y) reports the year that children received their first measles or measles-containing vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose first measles vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACMEAS1DAY (H9D) and VACMEAS1MO (H9M) report the day of the month and the month of the first measles vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the first measles vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACMEAS1 (H9). IPUMS Child received BCG (TB) vaccination Child received BCG (TB) vaccination Child received BCG (TB) vaccination Child received BCG (TB) vaccination Child received BCG (TB) vaccination 444) COPY THE VACCINATION DATES FOR EACH VACCINE FROM THE CARD. WRITE '44' IN THE 'DAY' COLUMN IF THE CARD SHOWS THAT A VACCINATION WAS GIVEN BUT THE DATE WAS NOT RECORDED. BCG DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 0 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ MEASLES DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ YELLOW FEVER DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 10 No 20 Yes, any information source 21 Yes, from vac card 22 Yes, date on vaccination card 23 Yes, from vac card w/out date 24 Yes, from mother's report 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey, VACBCG (H2) indicates whether the young child had received the BCG vaccination against tuberculosis. The BCG vaccination is typically given as in injection in the arm or shoulder, and it usually causes a scar. VACBCG uses composite coding, with a first digit of 2 indicating the child had been vaccinated and the second digit indicating the source of information (a dated entry on the vaccination card, an undated mark on the vaccination card, or the mother's report). IPUMS Day child received BCG (TB) vaccination Day child received BCG (TB) vaccination Day child received BCG (TB) vaccination Day child received BCG (TB) vaccination Day child received BCG (TB) vaccination 444) COPY THE VACCINATION DATES FOR EACH VACCINE FROM THE CARD. WRITE '44' IN THE 'DAY' COLUMN IF THE CARD SHOWS THAT A VACCINATION WAS GIVEN BUT THE DATE WAS NOT RECORDED. BCG DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 0 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ MEASLES DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ YELLOW FEVER DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) VACBCGDAY (H2D) reports the day of the month that children received the BCG vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose BCG vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACBCGMO (H2M) and VACBCGYR (H2Y) report the month and the year of the BCG vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the BCG vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACBCG (H2). IPUMS Month child received BCG (TB) vaccination Month child received BCG (TB) vaccination Month child received BCG (TB) vaccination Month child received BCG (TB) vaccination Month child received BCG (TB) vaccination 444) COPY THE VACCINATION DATES FOR EACH VACCINE FROM THE CARD. WRITE '44' IN THE 'DAY' COLUMN IF THE CARD SHOWS THAT A VACCINATION WAS GIVEN BUT THE DATE WAS NOT RECORDED. BCG DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 0 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ MEASLES DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ YELLOW FEVER DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) VACBCGDAY (H2D) reports the month that children received the BCG vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose BCG vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACBCGDAY (H2D) and VACBCGYR (H2Y) report the day of the month and the year of the BCG vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the BCG vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACBCG (H2). IPUMS Year child received BCG (TB) vaccination Year child received BCG (TB) vaccination Year child received BCG (TB) vaccination Year child received BCG (TB) vaccination Year child received BCG (TB) vaccination 444) COPY THE VACCINATION DATES FOR EACH VACCINE FROM THE CARD. WRITE '44' IN THE 'DAY' COLUMN IF THE CARD SHOWS THAT A VACCINATION WAS GIVEN BUT THE DATE WAS NOT RECORDED. BCG DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 0 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ MEASLES DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ YELLOW FEVER DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 2016 2016 2015 2015 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 9996 Inconsistent 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) 2014 2014 1981 1981 2017 2017 2018 2018 VACBCGYR (H2Y) reports the year that children received the BCG vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose BCG vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACBCGDAY (H2D) and VACBCGMO (H2M) report the day of the month and the month of the BCG vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the BCG vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACBCG (H2). IPUMS Child received yellow fever vaccination Child received yellow fever vaccination Child received yellow fever vaccination Child received yellow fever vaccination Child received yellow fever vaccination 444) COPY THE VACCINATION DATES FOR EACH VACCINE FROM THE CARD. WRITE '44' IN THE 'DAY' COLUMN IF THE CARD SHOWS THAT A VACCINATION WAS GIVEN BUT THE DATE WAS NOT RECORDED. BCG DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 0 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ MEASLES DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ YELLOW FEVER DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 10 No 20 Yes, any information source 21 Yes, from vac card 22 Yes, date on vaccination card 23 Yes, from vac card w/out date 24 Yes, from mother's report 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey, VACYELLOWFEV indicates whether the child has received a vaccination against yellow fever. The CDC website [URL omitted from DDI.] reports that a single dose of the vaccination protects against yellow fever for 10 years or more, with a booster dose recommended every 10 years. This vaccination is recommended for persons age 9 months or older who live in areas at risk of yellow fever transmission. VACYELLOWFEV uses composite coding, with a first digit of 2 indicating the child had been vaccinated and the second digit indicating the source of information (a dated entry on the vaccination card, an undated mark on the vaccination card, or the mother's report). IPUMS Day child received yellow fever vaccination Day child received yellow fever vaccination Day child received yellow fever vaccination Day child received yellow fever vaccination Day child received yellow fever vaccination 444) COPY THE VACCINATION DATES FOR EACH VACCINE FROM THE CARD. WRITE '44' IN THE 'DAY' COLUMN IF THE CARD SHOWS THAT A VACCINATION WAS GIVEN BUT THE DATE WAS NOT RECORDED. BCG DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 0 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ MEASLES DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ YELLOW FEVER DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) VACYELLOWFEVDAY reports the day of the month that children received their yellow fever vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose yellow fever vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACYELLOWFEVMO and VACYELLOWFEVYR report the month and the year of the yellow fever vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the yellow fever vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACYELLOWFEV. IPUMS Month child received yellow fever vaccination Month child received yellow fever vaccination Month child received yellow fever vaccination Month child received yellow fever vaccination Month child received yellow fever vaccination 444) COPY THE VACCINATION DATES FOR EACH VACCINE FROM THE CARD. WRITE '44' IN THE 'DAY' COLUMN IF THE CARD SHOWS THAT A VACCINATION WAS GIVEN BUT THE DATE WAS NOT RECORDED. BCG DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 0 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ MEASLES DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ YELLOW FEVER DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) VACYELLOWFEVMO reports the month that children received their yellow fever vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose yellow fever vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACYELLOWFEVDAY and VACYELLOWFEVYR report the day of the month and the year of the yellow fever vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, part or all of the date of the vaccination may be set to "Inconsistent" if the vaccination date reported is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the yellow fever vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACYELLOWFEV. IPUMS Year child received yellow fever vaccination Year child received yellow fever vaccination Year child received yellow fever vaccination Year child received yellow fever vaccination Year child received yellow fever vaccination 444) COPY THE VACCINATION DATES FOR EACH VACCINE FROM THE CARD. WRITE '44' IN THE 'DAY' COLUMN IF THE CARD SHOWS THAT A VACCINATION WAS GIVEN BUT THE DATE WAS NOT RECORDED. BCG DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 0 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ POLIO 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ DPT 3 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 1 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ IMOVAX 2 DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ MEASLES DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ YELLOW FEVER DAY: ___ MONTH: ___ YEAR: ___ 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 9996 Inconsistent 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) VACYELLOWFEVYR reports the year that children received their yellow fever vaccination. This information is only available for children born in the 3 to 5 years before the survey whose yellow fever vaccination date was recorded on a card shown to the interviewer. The complementary variables VACYELLOWFEVDAY and VACYELLOWFEVMO report the day of the month and the month of the yellow fever vaccination, as recorded on a vaccination card shown to the interviewer. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, the vaccination date may be coded as "Inconsistent" if the reported date is inconsistent with the date of birth, the date of interview, or the dates of other vaccinations. To identify all young children who received the yellow fever vaccination, including those identified through the mother's report rather than a dated vaccination card, see VACYELLOWFEV. IPUMS Soil type Soil type Soil type Soil type Soil type -998 Missing 0001 Haplic Acrisols 0002 Haplic Acrisols (Alumic) 0003 Haplic Acrisols (Ferric) 0004 Haplic Acrisols (Humic) 0005 Plinthic Acrisols 0006 Vetic Acrisols 0007 Haplic Albeluvisols 0008 Histic Albeluvisols 0009 Umbric Albeluvisols 0010 Cutanic Alisols 0011 Haplic Alisols 0012 Aluandic Andosols 0013 Haplic Andosols 0014 Vitric Andosols 0015 Albic Arenosols 0016 Ferralic Arenosols 0017 Haplic Arenosols 0018 Haplic Arenosols (Calcaric) 0019 Hypoluvic Arenosols 0020 Protic Arenosols 0021 Haplic Calcisols 0022 Haplic Calcisols (Sodic) 0023 Luvic Calcisols 0024 Petric Calcisols 0025 Endogleyic Cambisols 0026 Ferralic Cambisols 0027 Haplic Cambisols 0028 Haplic Cambisols (Calcaric) 0029 Haplic Cambisols (Chromic) 0030 Haplic Cambisols (Dystric) 0031 Haplic Cambisols (Eutric) 0032 Haplic Cambisols (Humic) 0033 Haplic Cambisols (Sodic) 0034 Leptic Cambisols 0035 Vertic Cambisols 0036 Calcic Chernozems 0037 Haplic Chernozems 0038 Luvic Chernozems 0039 Haplic Cryosols 0040 Turbic Cryosols 0041 Vitric Cryosols 0042 Petric Durisols 0043 Acric Ferralsols 0044 Haplic Ferralsols 0045 Haplic Ferralsols (Rhodic) 0046 Haplic Ferralsols (Xanthic) 0047 Umbric Ferralsols 0048 Haplic Fluvisols 0049 Haplic Fluvisols (Arenic) 0050 Haplic Fluvisols (Calcaric) 0051 Haplic Fluvisols (Dystric) 0052 Haplic Fluvisols (Eutric) 0053 Calcic Gleysols 0054 Haplic Gleysols 0055 Haplic Gleysols (Dystric) 0056 Haplic Gleysols (Eutric) 0057 Mollic Gleysols 0058 Umbric Gleysols 0059 Calcic Gypsisols 0060 Haplic Gypsisols 0061 Calcic Histosols 0062 Cryic Histosols 0063 Fibric Histosols 0064 Hemic Histosols 0065 Sapric Histosols 0066 Calcic Kastanozems 0067 Haplic Kastanozems 0068 Haplic Leptosols 0069 Haplic Leptosols (Eutric) 0070 Lithic Leptosols 0071 Mollic Leptosols 0072 Rendzic Leptosols 0073 Haplic Lixisols 0074 Haplic Lixisols (Chromic) 0075 Haplic Lixisols (Ferric) 0076 Albic Luvisols 0077 Calcic Luvisols 0078 Gleyic Luvisols 0079 Haplic Luvisols 0080 Haplic Luvisols (Chromic) 0081 Haplic Luvisols (Ferric) 0082 Leptic Luvisols 0083 Stagnic Luvisols 0084 Vertic Luvisols 0085 Alic Nitisols 0086 Haplic Nitisols (Rhodic) 0087 Haplic Phaeozems 0088 Leptic Phaeozems 0089 Luvic Phaeozems 0090 Endogleyic Planosols 0091 Haplic Planosols (Dystric) 0092 Haplic Planosols (Eutric) 0093 Luvic Planosols 0094 Solodic Planosols 0095 Acric Plinthosols 0096 Lixic Plinthosols 0097 Gleyic Podzols 0098 Haplic Podzols 0099 Aric Regosols 0100 Calcaric Regosols 0101 Haplic Regosols (Dystric) 0102 Haplic Regosols (Eutric) 0103 Haplic Regosols (Sodic) 0104 Leptic Regosols 0105 Gypsic Solonchaks 0106 Haplic Solonchaks 0107 Haplic Solonchaks (Sodic) 0108 Calcic Solonetz 0109 Gleyic Solonetz 0110 Haplic Solonetz 0111 Mollic Solonetz 0112 Luvic Stagnosols 0113 Haplic Umbrisols 0114 Leptic Umbrisols 0115 Calcic Vertisols 0116 Haplic Vertisols 0117 Haplic Vertisols (Eutric) 0118 Mollic Vertisols SOIL reports the predominant soil type within a 5-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The soil attributes reported in SOIL are: soil class (e.g., Leptosols), with 30 class categories, and soil type within that class (e.g., Lithic Leptosols). SOIL is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. SOIL is based on data from SoilGrids [URL omitted from DDI.]. SoilGrids is a system for automated soil mapping based on global soil profile and covariate data. There are 118 different soil types in the world according to SoilGrids [URL omitted from DDI.]. For the full list of codes and their meaning, see the soil legend [URL omitted from DDI.]. SOIL, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Ecoregion of household Ecoregion of household Ecoregion of household Ecoregion of household Ecoregion of household -0998 Missing 10101 Admiralty Islands lowland rain forests 10102 Banda Sea Islands moist deciduous forests 10103 Biak-Numfoor rain forests 10104 Buru rain forests 10105 Central Range montane rain forests 10106 Halmahera rain forests 10107 Huon Peninsula montane rain forests 10108 Yapen rain forests 10109 Lord Howe Island subtropical forests 10110 Louisiade Archipelago rain forests 10111 New Britain-New Ireland lowland rain forests 10112 New Britain-New Ireland montane rain forests 10113 New Caledonia rain forests 10114 Norfolk Island subtropical forests 10115 Northern New Guinea lowland rain and freshwater swamp forests 10116 Northern New Guinea montane rain forests 10117 Queensland tropical rain forests 10118 Seram rain forests 10119 Solomon Islands rain forests 10120 Southeastern Papuan rain forests 10121 Southern New Guinea freshwater swamp forests 10122 Southern New Guinea lowland rain forests 10123 Sulawesi lowland rain forests 10124 Sulawesi montane rain forests 10125 Trobriand Islands rain forests 10126 Vanuatu rain forests 10127 Vogelkop montane rain forests 10128 Vogelkop-Aru lowland rain forests 10201 Lesser Sundas deciduous forests 10202 New Caledonia dry forests 10203 Sumba deciduous forests 10204 Timor and Wetar deciduous forests 10401 Chatham Island temperate forests 10402 Eastern Australian temperate forests 10403 Fiordland temperate forests 10404 Nelson Coast temperate forests 10405 North Island temperate forests 10406 Northland temperate kauri forests 10407 Rakiura Island temperate forests 10408 Richmond temperate forests 10409 Southeast Australia temperate forests 10410 South Island temperate forests 10411 Tasmanian Central Highland forests 10412 Tasmanian temperate forests 10413 Tasmanian temperate rain forests 10414 Westland temperate forests 10701 Arnhem Land tropical savanna 10702 Brigalow tropical savanna 10703 Cape York Peninsula tropical savanna 10704 Carpentaria tropical savanna 10705 Einasleigh upland savanna 10706 Kimberly tropical savanna 10707 Mitchell grass downs 10708 Trans Fly savanna and grasslands 10709 Victoria Plains tropical savanna 10801 Cantebury-Otago tussock grasslands 10802 Eastern Australia mulga shrublands 10803 Southeast Australia temperate savanna 11001 Australian Alps montane grasslands 11002 Central Range sub-alpine grasslands 11003 South Island montane grasslands 11101 Antipodes Subantarctic Islands tundra 11201 Coolgardie woodlands 11202 Esperance mallee 11203 Eyre and York mallee 11204 Jarrah-Karri forest and shrublands 11205 Swan Coastal Plain Scrub and Woodlands 11206 Mount Lofty woodlands 11207 Murray-Darling woodlands and mallee 11208 Naracoorte woodlands 11209 Southwest Australia savanna 11210 Southwest Australia woodlands 11301 Carnarvon xeric shrublands 11302 Central Ranges xeric scrub 11303 Gibson desert 11304 Great Sandy-Tanami desert 11305 Great Victoria desert 11306 Nullarbor Plains xeric shrublands 11307 Pilbara shrublands 11308 Simpson desert 11309 Tirari-Sturt stony desert 11310 Western Australian Mulga shrublands 11401 New Guinea mangroves 21101 Marielandia Antarctic tundra 21102 Maudlandia Antarctic desert 21103 Scotia Sea Islands tundra 21104 Southern Indian Ocean Islands tundra 30101 Albertine Rift montane forests 30102 Atlantic Equatorial coastal forests 30103 Cameroonian Highlands forests 30104 Central Congolian lowland forests 30105 Comoros forests 30106 Cross-Niger transition forests 30107 Cross-Sanaga-Bioko coastal forests 30108 East African montane forests 30109 Eastern Arc forests 30110 Eastern Congolian swamp forests 30111 Eastern Guinean forests 30112 Ethiopian montane forests 30113 Granitic Seychelles forests 30114 Guinean montane forests 30115 Knysna-Amatole montane forests 30116 KwaZulu-Cape coastal forest mosaic 30117 Madagascar lowland forests 30118 Madagascar subhumid forests 30119 Maputaland coastal forest mosaic 30120 Mascarene forests 30121 Mount Cameroon and Bioko montane forests 30122 Niger Delta swamp forests 30123 Nigerian lowland forests 30124 Northeastern Congolian lowland forests 30125 Northern Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal forest mosaic 30126 Northwestern Congolian lowland forests 30127 Sao Tome, Principe and Annobon moist lowland forests 30128 Southern Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal forest mosaic 30129 Western Congolian swamp forests 30130 Western Guinean lowland forests 30201 Cape Verde Islands dry forests 30202 Madagascar dry deciduous forests 30203 Zambezian Cryptosepalum dry forests 30701 Angolan Miombo woodlands 30702 Angolan Mopane woodlands 30703 Ascension scrub and grasslands 30704 Central Zambezian Miombo woodlands 30705 East Sudanian savanna 30706 Eastern Miombo woodlands 30707 Guinean forest-savanna mosaic 30708 Itigi-Sumbu thicket 30709 Kalahari Acacia-Baikiaea woodlands 30710 Mandara Plateau mosaic 30711 Northern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets 30712 Northern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic 30713 Sahelian Acacia savanna 30714 Serengeti volcanic grasslands 30715 Somali Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets 30716 Southern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets 30717 Southern Africa bushveld 30718 Southern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic 30719 Southern Miombo woodlands 30720 St. Helena scrub and woodlands 30721 Victoria Basin forest-savanna mosaic 30722 West Sudanian savanna 30723 Western Congolian forest-savanna mosaic 30724 Western Zambezian grasslands 30725 Zambezian and Mopane woodlands 30726 Zambezian Baikiaea woodlands 30801 Al Hajar montane woodlands 30802 Amsterdam and Saint-Paul Islands temperate grasslands 30803 Tristan Da Cunha-Gough Islands shrub and grasslands 30901 East African halophytics 30902 Etosha Pan halophytics 30903 Inner Niger Delta flooded savanna 30904 Lake Chad flooded savanna 30905 Saharan flooded grasslands 30906 Zambezian coastal flooded savanna 30907 Zambezian flooded grasslands 30908 Zambezian halophytics 31001 Angolan montane forest-grassland mosaic 31002 Angolan scarp savanna and woodlands 31003 Drakensberg alti-montane grasslands and woodlands 31004 Drakensberg montane grasslands, woodlands and forests 31005 East African montane moorlands 31006 Eastern Zimbabwe montane forest-grassland mosaic 31007 Ethiopian montane grasslands and woodlands 31008 Ethiopian montane moorlands 31009 Highveld grasslands 31010 Jos Plateau forest-grassland mosaic 31011 Madagascar ericoid thickets 31012 Maputaland-Pondoland bushland and thickets 31013 Rwenzori-Virunga montane moorlands 31014 South Malawi montane forest-grassland mosaic 31015 Southern Rift montane forest-grassland mosaic 31201 Albany thickets 31202 Lowland fynbos and renosterveld 31203 Montane fynbos and renosterveld 31301 Aldabra Island xeric scrub 31302 Arabian Peninsula coastal fog desert 31303 East Saharan montane xeric woodlands 31304 Eritrean coastal desert 31305 Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands 31306 Gulf of Oman desert and semi-desert 31307 Hobyo grasslands and shrublands 31308 Ile Europa and Bassas da India xeric scrub 31309 Kalahari xeric savanna 31310 Kaokoveld desert 31311 Madagascar spiny thickets 31312 Madagascar succulent woodlands 31313 Masai xeric grasslands and shrublands 31314 Nama Karoo 31315 Namib desert 31316 Namibian savanna woodlands 31318 Socotra Island xeric shrublands 31319 Somali montane xeric woodlands 31320 Southwestern Arabian foothills savanna 31321 Southwestern Arabian montane woodlands 31322 Succulent Karoo 31401 Central African mangroves 31402 East African mangroves 31403 Guinean mangroves 31404 Madagascar mangroves 31405 Southern Africa mangroves 40101 Andaman Islands rain forests 40102 Borneo lowland rain forests 40103 Borneo montane rain forests 40104 Borneo peat swamp forests 40105 Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests 40106 Cardamom Mountains rain forests 40107 Chao Phraya freshwater swamp forests 40108 Chao Phraya lowland moist deciduous forests 40109 Chin Hills-Arakan Yoma montane forests 40110 Christmas and Cocos Islands tropical forests 40111 Eastern highlands moist deciduous forests 40112 Eastern Java-Bali montane rain forests 40113 Eastern Java-Bali rain forests 40114 Greater Negros-Panay rain forests 40115 Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests 40116 Irrawaddy freshwater swamp forests 40117 Irrawaddy moist deciduous forests 40118 Jian Nan subtropical evergreen forests 40119 Kayah-Karen montane rain forests 40120 Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests 40121 Luang Prabang montane rain forests 40122 Luzon montane rain forests 40123 Luzon rain forests 40124 Malabar Coast moist forests 40125 Maldives-Lakshadweep-Chagos Archipelago tropical moist forests 40126 Meghalaya subtropical forests 40127 Mentawai Islands rain forests 40128 Mindanao montane rain forests 40129 Mindanao-Eastern Visayas rain forests 40130 Mindoro rain forests 40131 Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rain forests 40132 Myanmar coastal rain forests 40133 Nicobar Islands rain forests 40134 North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests 40135 North Western Ghats montane rain forests 40136 Northern Annamites rain forests 40137 Northern Indochina subtropical forests 40138 Northern Khorat Plateau moist deciduous forests 40139 Northern Thailand-Laos moist deciduous forests 40140 Northern Triangle subtropical forests 40141 Northern Vietnam lowland rain forests 40142 Orissa semi-evergreen forests 40143 Palawan rain forests 40144 Peninsular Malaysian montane rain forests 40145 Peninsular Malaysian peat swamp forests 40146 Peninsular Malaysian rain forests 40147 Red River freshwater swamp forests 40148 South China Sea Islands 40149 South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests 40150 South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests 40151 South Western Ghats montane rain forests 40152 Southern Annamites montane rain forests 40153 Southwest Borneo freshwater swamp forests 40154 Sri Lanka lowland rain forests 40155 Sri Lanka montane rain forests 40156 Sulu Archipelago rain forests 40157 Sumatran freshwater swamp forests 40158 Sumatran lowland rain forests 40159 Sumatran montane rain forests 40160 Sumatran peat swamp forests 40161 Sundaland heath forests 40162 Sundarbans freshwater swamp forests 40163 Tenasserim-South Thailand semi-evergreen rain forests 40164 Tonle Sap freshwater swamp forests 40165 Tonle Sap-Mekong peat swamp forests 40166 Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests 40167 Western Java montane rain forests 40168 Western Java rain forests 40169 Hainan Island monsoon rain forests 40170 Nansei Islands subtropical evergreen forests 40171 South Taiwan monsoon rain forests 40172 Taiwan subtropical evergreen forests 40201 Central Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests 40202 Central Indochina dry forests 40203 Chhota-Nagpur dry deciduous forests 40204 East Deccan dry-evergreen forests 40205 Irrawaddy dry forests 40206 Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests 40207 Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests 40208 Northern dry deciduous forests 40209 South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests 40210 Southeastern Indochina dry evergreen forests 40211 Southern Vietnam lowland dry forests 40212 Sri Lanka dry-zone dry evergreen forests 40301 Himalayan subtropical pine forests 40302 Luzon tropical pine forests 40303 Northeast India-Myanmar pine forests 40304 Sumatran tropical pine forests 40401 Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests 40402 Northern Triangle temperate forests 40403 Western Himalayan broadleaf forests 40501 Eastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests 40502 Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests 40701 Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands 40901 Rann of Kutch seasonal salt marsh 41001 Kinabalu montane alpine meadows 41301 Deccan thorn scrub forests 41302 Indus Valley desert 41303 Northwestern thorn scrub forests 41304 Thar desert 41401 Goadavari-Krishna mangroves 41402 Indochina mangroves 41403 Indus River Delta-Arabian Sea mangroves 41404 Myanmar Coast mangroves 41405 Sunda Shelf mangroves 41406 Sundarbans mangroves 50201 Sonoran-Sinaloan transition subtropical dry forest 50301 Bermuda subtropical conifer forests 50302 Sierra Madre Occidental pine-oak forests 50303 Sierra Madre Oriental pine-oak forests 50401 Allegheny Highlands forests 50402 Appalachian mixed mesophytic forests 50403 Appalachian-Blue Ridge forests 50404 Central U.S. hardwood forests 50405 East Central Texas forests 50406 Eastern forest-boreal transition 50407 Eastern Great Lakes lowland forests 50408 Gulf of St. Lawrence lowland forests 50409 Mississippi lowland forests 50410 New England-Acadian forests 50411 Northeastern coastal forests 50412 Ozark Mountain forests 50413 Southeastern mixed forests 50414 Southern Great Lakes forests 50415 Upper Midwest forest-savanna transition 50416 Western Great Lakes forests 50417 Willamette Valley forests 50501 Alberta Mountain forests 50502 Alberta-British Columbia foothills forests 50503 Arizona Mountains forests 50504 Atlantic coastal pine barrens 50505 Blue Mountains forests 50506 British Columbia mainland coastal forests 50507 Cascade Mountains leeward forests 50508 Central and Southern Cascades forests 50509 Central British Columbia Mountain forests 50510 Central Pacific coastal forests 50511 Colorado Rockies forests 50512 Eastern Cascades forests 50513 Florida sand pine scrub 50514 Fraser Plateau and Basin complex 50515 Great Basin montane forests 50516 Klamath-Siskiyou forests 50517 Middle Atlantic coastal forests 50518 North Central Rockies forests 50519 Northern California coastal forests 50520 Northern Pacific coastal forests 50521 Northern transitional alpine forests 50522 Okanagan dry forests 50523 Piney Woods forests 50524 Puget lowland forests 50525 Queen Charlotte Islands 50526 Sierra Juarez and San Pedro Martir pine-oak forests 50527 Sierra Nevada forests 50528 South Central Rockies forests 50529 Southeastern conifer forests 50530 Wasatch and Uinta montane forests 50601 Alaska Peninsula montane taiga 50602 Central Canadian Shield forests 50603 Cook Inlet taiga 50604 Copper Plateau taiga 50605 Eastern Canadian forests 50606 Eastern Canadian Shield taiga 50607 Interior Alaska-Yukon lowland taiga 50608 Mid-Continental Canadian forests 50609 Midwestern Canadian Shield forests 50610 Muskwa-Slave Lake forests 50611 Newfoundland Highland forests 50612 Northern Canadian Shield taiga 50613 Northern Cordillera forests 50614 Northwest Territories taiga 50615 South Avalon-Burin oceanic barrens 50616 Southern Hudson Bay taiga 50617 Yukon Interior dry forests 50701 Western Gulf coastal grasslands 50801 California Central Valley grasslands 50802 Canadian Aspen forests and parklands 50803 Central and Southern mixed grasslands 50804 Central forest-grasslands transition 50805 Central tall grasslands 50806 Edwards Plateau savanna 50807 Flint Hills tall grasslands 50808 Montana Valley and Foothill grasslands 50809 Nebraska Sand Hills mixed grasslands 50810 Northern mixed grasslands 50811 Northern short grasslands 50812 Northern tall grasslands 50813 Palouse grasslands 50814 Texas blackland prairies 50815 Western short grasslands 51101 Alaska-St. Elias Range tundra 51102 Aleutian Islands tundra 51103 Arctic coastal tundra 51104 Arctic foothills tundra 51105 Baffin coastal tundra 51106 Beringia lowland tundra 51107 Beringia upland tundra 51108 Brooks-British Range tundra 51109 Davis Highlands tundra 51110 High Arctic tundra 51111 Interior Yukon-Alaska alpine tundra 51112 Kalaallit Nunaat high arctic tundra 51113 Kalaallit Nunaat low arctic tundra 51114 Low Arctic tundra 51115 Middle Arctic tundra 51116 Ogilvie-MacKenzie alpine tundra 51117 Pacific Coastal Mountain icefields and tundra 51118 Torngat Mountain tundra 51201 California coastal sage and chaparral 51202 California interior chaparral and woodlands 51203 California montane chaparral and woodlands 51301 Baja California desert 51302 Central Mexican matorral 51303 Chihuahuan desert 51304 Colorado Plateau shrublands 51305 Great Basin shrub steppe 51306 Gulf of California xeric scrub 51307 Meseta Central matorral 51308 Mojave desert 51309 Snake-Columbia shrub steppe 51310 Sonoran desert 51311 Tamaulipan matorral 51312 Tamaulipan mezquital 51313 Wyoming Basin shrub steppe 60101 Araucaria moist forests 60102 Atlantic Coast restingas 60103 Bahia coastal forests 60104 Bahia interior forests 60105 Bolivian Yungas 60106 Caatinga Enclaves moist forests 60107 Caqueta moist forests 60108 Catatumbo moist forests 60109 Cauca Valley montane forests 60110 Cayos Miskitos-San Andrés and Providencia moist forests 60111 Central American Atlantic moist forests 60112 Central American montane forests 60113 Chiapas montane forests 60114 Chimalapas montane forests 60115 Chocó-Darién moist forests 60116 Cocos Island moist forests 60117 Cordillera La Costa montane forests 60118 Cordillera Oriental montane forests 60119 Costa Rican seasonal moist forests 60120 Cuban moist forests 60121 Eastern Cordillera real montane forests 60122 Eastern Panamanian montane forests 60123 Fernando de Noronha-Atol das Rocas moist forests 60124 Guianan Highlands moist forests 60125 Guianan moist forests 60126 Gurupa varzeá 60127 Hispaniolan moist forests 60128 Iquitos varzeá 60129 Isthmian-Atlantic moist forests 60130 Isthmian-Pacific moist forests 60131 Jamaican moist forests 60132 Japurá-Solimoes-Negro moist forests 60133 Juruá-Purus moist forests 60134 Leeward Islands moist forests 60135 Madeira-Tapajós moist forests 60136 Magdalena Valley montane forests 60137 Magdalena-Urabá moist forests 60138 Marajó varzeá 60139 Maranhão Babaçu forests 60140 Mato Grosso seasonal forests 60141 Monte Alegre varzeá 60142 Napo moist forests 60143 Negro-Branco moist forests 60144 Northeastern Brazil restingas 60145 Northwestern Andean montane forests 60146 Oaxacan montane forests 60147 Orinoco Delta swamp forests 60148 Pantanos de Centla 60149 Guianan freshwater swamp forests 60150 Alto Paraná Atlantic forests 60151 Pernambuco coastal forests 60152 Pernambuco interior forests 60153 Peruvian Yungas 60154 Petén-Veracruz moist forests 60155 Puerto Rican moist forests 60156 Purus varzeá 60157 Purus-Madeira moist forests 60158 Rio Negro campinarana 60159 Santa Marta montane forests 60160 Serra do Mar coastal forests 60161 Sierra de los Tuxtlas 60162 Sierra Madre de Chiapas moist forests 60163 Solimões-Japurá moist forests 60164 South Florida rocklands 60165 Southern Andean Yungas 60166 Southwest Amazon moist forests 60167 Talamancan montane forests 60168 Tapajós-Xingu moist forests 60169 Pantepui 60170 Tocantins/Pindare moist forests 60171 Trinidad and Tobago moist forests 60172 Trindade-Martin Vaz Islands tropical forests 60173 Uatuma-Trombetas moist forests 60174 Ucayali moist forests 60175 Venezuelan Andes montane forests 60176 Veracruz moist forests 60177 Veracruz montane forests 60178 Western Ecuador moist forests 60179 Windward Islands moist forests 60180 Xingu-Tocantins-Araguaia moist forests 60181 Yucatán moist forests 60182 Guianan piedmont and lowland moist forests 60201 Apure-Villavicencio dry forests 60202 Atlantic dry forests 60204 Bajío dry forests 60205 Balsas dry forests 60206 Bolivian montane dry forests 60207 Cauca Valley dry forests 60209 Central American dry forests 60210 Dry Chaco 60211 Chiapas Depression dry forests 60212 Chiquitano dry forests 60213 Cuban dry forests 60214 Ecuadorian dry forests 60215 Hispaniolan dry forests 60216 Islas Revillagigedo dry forests 60217 Jalisco dry forests 60218 Jamaican dry forests 60219 Lara-Falcón dry forests 60220 Lesser Antillean dry forests 60221 Magdalena Valley dry forests 60222 Maracaibo dry forests 60223 Marañón dry forests 60224 Panamanian dry forests 60225 Patía Valley dry forests 60226 Puerto Rican dry forests 60227 Sierra de la Laguna dry forests 60228 Sinaloan dry forests 60229 Sinú Valley dry forests 60230 Southern Pacific dry forests 60232 Tumbes-Piura dry forests 60233 Veracruz dry forests 60235 Yucatán dry forests 60301 Bahamian pine mosaic 60302 Belizian pine forests 60303 Central American pine-oak forests 60304 Cuban pine forests 60305 Hispaniolan pine forests 60306 Miskito pine forests 60307 Sierra de la Laguna pine-oak forests 60308 Sierra Madre de Oaxaca pine-oak forests 60309 Sierra Madre del Sur pine-oak forests 60310 Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt pine-oak forests 60401 Juan Fernández Islands temperate forests 60402 Magellanic subpolar forests 60403 San Félix-San Ambrosio Islands temperate forests 60404 Valdivian temperate forests 60702 Beni savanna 60703 Campos Rupestres montane savanna 60704 Cerrado 60705 Clipperton Island shrub and grasslands 60707 Guianan savanna 60708 Humid Chaco 60709 Llanos 60710 Uruguayan savanna 60801 Espinal 60802 Low Monte 60803 Humid Pampas 60805 Patagonian steppe 60902 Cuban wetlands 60903 Enriquillo wetlands 60904 Everglades 60905 Guayaquil flooded grasslands 60906 Orinoco wetlands 60907 Pantanal 60908 Paraná flooded savanna 60909 Southern Cone Mesopotamian savanna 61001 Central Andean dry puna 61002 Central Andean puna 61003 Central Andean wet puna 61004 Cordillera Central páramo 61005 Cordillera de Merida páramo 61006 Northern Andean páramo 61007 Santa Marta páramo 61008 Southern Andean steppe 61010 High Monte 61201 Chilean matorral 61301 Araya and Paria xeric scrub 61303 Atacama desert 61304 Caatinga 61305 Caribbean shrublands 61306 Cuban cactus scrub 61307 Galápagos Islands scrubland mosaic 61308 Guajira-Barranquilla xeric scrub 61309 La Costa xeric shrublands 61311 Malpelo Island xeric scrub 61312 Motagua Valley thornscrub 61313 Paraguana xeric scrub 61314 San Lucan xeric scrub 61315 Sechura desert 61316 Tehuacán Valley matorral 61318 St. Peter and St. Paul rocks 61401 Amazon-Orinoco-Southern Caribbean mangroves 61402 Bahamian-Antillean mangroves 61403 Mesoamerican Gulf-Caribbean mangroves 61404 Northern Mesoamerican Pacific mangroves 61405 South American Pacific mangroves 61406 Southern Atlantic mangroves 61407 Southern Mesoamerican Pacific mangroves 70101 Carolines tropical moist forests 70102 Central Polynesian tropical moist forests 70103 Cook Islands tropical moist forests 70104 Eastern Micronesia tropical moist forests 70105 Fiji tropical moist forests 70106 Hawaii tropical moist forests 70107 Kermadec Islands subtropical moist forests 70108 Marquesas tropical moist forests 70109 Ogasawara subtropical moist forests 70110 Palau tropical moist forests 70111 Rapa Nui subtropical broadleaf forests 70112 Samoan tropical moist forests 70113 Society Islands tropical moist forests 70114 Tongan tropical moist forests 70115 Tuamotu tropical moist forests 70116 Tubuai tropical moist forests 70117 Western Polynesian tropical moist forests 70201 Fiji tropical dry forests 70202 Hawaii tropical dry forests 70203 Marianas tropical dry forests 70204 Yap tropical dry forests 70701 Hawaii tropical high shrublands 70702 Hawaii tropical low shrublands 70703 Northwestern Hawaii scrub 80101 Guizhou Plateau broadleaf and mixed forests 80102 Yunnan Plateau subtropical evergreen forests 80401 Appenine deciduous montane forests 80402 Atlantic mixed forests 80403 Azores temperate mixed forests 80404 Balkan mixed forests 80405 Baltic mixed forests 80406 Cantabrian mixed forests 80407 Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests 80408 Caucasus mixed forests 80409 Celtic broadleaf forests 80410 Central Anatolian steppe and woodlands 80411 Central China loess plateau mixed forests 80412 Central European mixed forests 80413 Central Korean deciduous forests 80414 Changbai Mountains mixed forests 80415 Changjiang Plain evergreen forests 80416 Crimean Submediterranean forest complex 80417 Daba Mountains evergreen forests 80418 Dinaric Mountains mixed forests 80419 East European forest steppe 80420 Eastern Anatolian deciduous forests 80421 English Lowlands beech forests 80422 Euxine-Colchic broadleaf forests 80423 Hokkaido deciduous forests 80424 Huang He Plain mixed forests 80425 Madeira evergreen forests 80426 Manchurian mixed forests 80427 Nihonkai evergreen forests 80428 Nihonkai montane deciduous forests 80429 North Atlantic moist mixed forests 80430 Northeast China Plain deciduous forests 80431 Pannonian mixed forests 80432 Po Basin mixed forests 80433 Pyrenees conifer and mixed forests 80434 Qin Ling Mountains deciduous forests 80435 Rodope montane mixed forests 80436 Sarmatic mixed forests 80437 Sichuan Basin evergreen broadleaf forests 80438 South Sakhalin-Kurile mixed forests 80439 Southern Korea evergreen forests 80440 Taiheiyo evergreen forests 80441 Taiheiyo montane deciduous forests 80442 Tarim Basin deciduous forests and steppe 80443 Ussuri broadleaf and mixed forests 80444 Western Siberian hemiboreal forests 80445 Western European broadleaf forests 80446 Zagros Mountains forest steppe 80501 Alps conifer and mixed forests 80502 Altai montane forest and forest steppe 80503 Caledon conifer forests 80504 Carpathian montane forests 80505 Da Hinggan-Dzhagdy Mountains conifer forests 80506 East Afghan montane conifer forests 80507 Elburz Range forest steppe 80508 Helanshan montane conifer forests 80509 Hengduan Mountains subalpine conifer forests 80510 Hokkaido montane conifer forests 80511 Honshu alpine conifer forests 80512 Khangai Mountains conifer forests 80513 Mediterranean conifer and mixed forests 80514 Northeastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests 80515 Northern Anatolian conifer and deciduous forests 80516 Nujiang Langcang Gorge alpine conifer and mixed forests 80517 Qilian Mountains conifer forests 80518 Qionglai-Minshan conifer forests 80519 Sayan montane conifer forests 80520 Scandinavian coastal conifer forests 80521 Tian Shan montane conifer forests 80601 East Siberian taiga 80602 Iceland boreal birch forests and alpine tundra 80603 Kamchatka-Kurile meadows and sparse forests 80604 Kamchatka-Kurile taiga 80605 Northeast Siberian taiga 80606 Okhotsk-Manchurian taiga 80607 Sakhalin Island taiga 80608 Scandinavian and Russian taiga 80609 Trans-Baikal conifer forests 80610 Ural montane forests and tundra 80611 West Siberian taiga 80801 Alai-Western Tian Shan steppe 80802 Altai steppe and semi-desert 80803 Central Anatolian steppe 80804 Daurian forest steppe 80805 Eastern Anatolian montane steppe 80806 Emin Valley steppe 80807 Faroe Islands boreal grasslands 80808 Gissaro-Alai open woodlands 80809 Kazakh forest steppe 80810 Kazakh steppe 80811 Kazakh upland 80812 Middle East steppe 80813 Mongolian-Manchurian grassland 80814 Pontic steppe 80815 Sayan Intermontane steppe 80816 Selenge-Orkhon forest steppe 80817 South Siberian forest steppe 80818 Tian Shan foothill arid steppe 80901 Amur meadow steppe 80902 Bohai Sea saline meadow 80903 Nenjiang River grassland 80904 Nile Delta flooded savanna 80905 Saharan halophytics 80906 Tigris-Euphrates alluvial salt marsh 80907 Suiphun-Khanka meadows and forest meadows 80908 Yellow Sea saline meadow 81001 Altai alpine meadow and tundra 81002 Central Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe 81003 Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows 81004 Ghorat-Hazarajat alpine meadow 81005 Hindu Kush alpine meadow 81006 Karakoram-West Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe 81007 Khangai Mountains alpine meadow 81008 Kopet Dag woodlands and forest steppe 81009 Kuh Rud and Eastern Iran montane woodlands 81010 Mediterranean High Atlas juniper steppe 81011 North Tibetan Plateau-Kunlun Mountains alpine desert 81012 Northwestern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows 81013 Ordos Plateau steppe 81014 Pamir alpine desert and tundra 81015 Qilian Mountains subalpine meadows 81016 Sayan Alpine meadows and tundra 81017 Southeast Tibet shrublands and meadows 81018 Sulaiman Range alpine meadows 81019 Tian Shan montane steppe and meadows 81020 Tibetan Plateau alpine shrublands and meadows 81021 Western Himalayan alpine shrub and Meadows 81022 Yarlung Tsangpo arid steppe 81101 Arctic desert 81102 Bering tundra 81103 Cherskii-Kolyma mountain tundra 81104 Chukchi Peninsula tundra 81105 Kamchatka Mountain tundra and forest tundra 81106 Kola Peninsula tundra 81107 Northeast Siberian coastal tundra 81108 Northwest Russian-Novaya Zemlya tundra 81109 Novosibirsk Islands arctic desert 81110 Scandinavian Montane Birch forest and grasslands 81111 Taimyr-Central Siberian tundra 81112 Trans-Baikal Bald Mountain tundra 81113 Wrangel Island arctic desert 81114 Yamal-Gydan tundra 81201 Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests 81202 Anatolian conifer and deciduous mixed forests 81203 Canary Islands dry woodlands and forests 81204 Corsican montane broadleaf and mixed forests 81205 Crete Mediterranean forests 81206 Cyprus Mediterranean forests 81207 Eastern Mediterranean conifer-sclerophyllous-broadleaf forests 81208 Iberian conifer forests 81209 Iberian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests 81210 Illyrian deciduous forests 81211 Italian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests 81212 Mediterranean acacia-argania dry woodlands and succulent thickets 81213 Mediterranean dry woodlands and steppe 81214 Mediterranean woodlands and forests 81215 Northeastern Spain and Southern France Mediterranean forests 81216 Northwest Iberian montane forests 81217 Pindus Mountains mixed forests 81218 South Appenine mixed montane forests 81219 Southeastern Iberian shrubs and woodlands 81220 Southern Anatolian montane conifer and deciduous forests 81221 Southwest Iberian Mediterranean sclerophyllous and mixed forests 81222 Tyrrhenian-Adriatic Sclerophyllous and mixed forests 81301 Afghan Mountains semi-desert 81302 Alashan Plateau semi-desert 81303 Arabian Desert and East Sahero-Arabian xeric shrublands 81304 Atlantic coastal desert 81305 Azerbaijan shrub desert and steppe 81306 Badghyz and Karabil semi-desert 81307 Baluchistan xeric woodlands 81308 Caspian lowland desert 81309 Central Afghan Mountains xeric woodlands 81310 Central Asian northern desert 81311 Central Asian riparian woodlands 81312 Central Asian southern desert 81313 Central Persian desert basins 81314 Eastern Gobi desert steppe 81315 Gobi Lakes Valley desert steppe 81316 Great Lakes Basin desert steppe 81317 Junggar Basin semi-desert 81318 Kazakh semi-desert 81319 Kopet Dag semi-desert 81320 Mesopotamian shrub desert 81321 North Saharan steppe and woodlands 81322 Paropamisus xeric woodlands 81323 Persian Gulf desert and semi-desert 81324 Qaidam Basin semi-desert 81325 Red Sea Nubo-Sindian tropical desert and semi-desert 81326 Registan-North Pakistan sandy desert 81327 Sahara desert 81328 South Iran Nubo-Sindian desert and semi-desert 81329 South Saharan steppe and woodlands 81330 Taklimakan desert 81331 Tibesti-Jebel Uweinat montane xeric woodlands 81332 West Saharan montane xeric woodlands 81333 Red Sea coastal desert ECOREGION reports the predominant terrestrial ecoregion within a 5-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. ECOREGION reports the biogeographic region (e.g., Afrotropic), the habitat type (e.g., tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands), and the ecoregion (e.g., East Sudanian savanna) that are associated with each cluster location. ECOREGION is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. There are 825 terrestrial ecoregions in the world. Ecoregions are relatively large units of land containing distinct assemblages of natural communities and species, with boundaries that approximate the original extent of natural communities prior to major land-use change. The 5-digit codes in ECOREGION (e.g., 30129) include a 1-digit realm code (with 8 possible values), followed by a 2-digit biome code (with 14 possible values), and then a 2-digit ecoregion number. For the full list of codes and their meaning, see the ecoregion legend [URL omitted from DDI.]. ECOREGION, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Livelihood zone of household Livelihood zone of household Livelihood zone of household Livelihood zone of household Livelihood zone of household -00998 Missing 004001 Eastern Pastoral and Forest Zone 004002 Eastern Agro-Pastoral and Forest Zone 004003 Eastern Agro-Pastoral and Rangeland Zone 004004 Eastern Semi-Arid Agricultural Zone 004005 Eastern Agricultural and Labor-Based Zone 004006 Eastern Intensively Irrigated Zone 004007 Eastern Cross-Border Trade and Labor-Based Zone 004008 Eastern Irrigated and Rainfed Agricultural Zone 004009 East-Central Irrigated Zone 004010 Southern Intensively Irrigated Cash Crop Zone 004011 Southern Semi-Arid Agro-Pastoral Zone 004012 South-Central Agro-Pastoral and Labor-Based Zone 004013 Southern Desert Zone 004014 South-Central Agro-Pastoral Zone 004015 North-Western Agro-Pastoral and Pistachio Zone 004016 Western Intensively Irrigated Zone 004017 Western Semi-Arid Agro-Pastoral Zone 004018 West-Central Highland Agro-Pastoral Zone 004019 Western and Southern Cross-Border Trade and Labor Zone 004020 North-Eastern Highland Agro-Pastoral Zone 004021 Salangi Plains Mixed Farming Zone 004022 Northern Lowland Cereals and Livestock Zone 004023 Northern High Cereals Production Zone 004024 North-Central Agro-Pastoral Zone 004025 Northern Irrigated and Rainfed Mixed Farming Zone 004026 Northern Intensively Irrigated Agricultural Zone 004027 Amo River Irrigation and Cross-Border Trade Zone 004028 East-Central Agro-Forestry Zone 004029 Central Cash-Crop and Livestock Zone 024001 Coastal fishing, horticulture, and non-farm income 024002 Transitional banana and pineapple farming 024003 Southern livestock, millet, and sorghum 024004 Sub humid livestock and maize 024005 Mid-eastern cassava and savannah forest 024006 Central highlands potato and vegetables 024007 Central highlands maize and beans 024008 Transitional lowland maize, cassava, and beans 024009 Tropical forest, cassava, banana, and coffee 024010 Savannah forest and market-oriented cassava 024011 Savannah forest and subsistence cassava 024012 Fishing, cassava, and cross-border trade 024013 Coastal livestock ranching 108001 Buragane 108002 Congo Ridge Millet 108003 Eastern Lowlands 108004 Northern Lowlands 108005 Northern Highlands 108006 Southern Highlands 108007 Imbo Plain 108008 Humid Plateaus 108009 Eastern Arid Plateaus 140001 Southeast cassava, peanuts, and maize 140002 Northeast hunting and food crops 140003 Northern sorghum and millet 140004 East central mining, cassava, and peanuts 140005 Southern coffee, cassava, and maize 140006 Central cassava, peanuts, and maize 140007 Central cotton, cassava, and maize 140008 Northern cotton, cassava, and sorghum 140009 Western cassava, maize, and peanuts 140010 Southern maize, citrus fruits, and vegetables 140011 Southwest cassava, coffee, gathering, and mining 148001 Southern Staple and Cash Crops 148002 Southwest Rice 148003 South-central Cereals 148004 Southeast Flood Retreat and Gum Arabic 148005 Central Agropastoral 148006 Eastern Rainfed Cereals and Market Gardening 148007 Transhumance 148008 Western Agropastoral and Fishing 148009 Northern Oasis Cultivation with Camels and Natron 180001 Copperbelt and Marginal Agriculture 180002 Savannah Manioc 180003 Savannah Surplus Maize 180004 Kamalondo Depression 180005 Southern Tanganyika-Mwero Fishing 180006 Maniema Savannah Agriculture 180007 High Food Production and Surplus Trade 180008 Northern Tanganyika Midland Agriculture 180009 Agropastoral Mountains 180010 Midland Agricultural Savannah 180011 Rutshuru Volcanic Soils and Agriculture 180012 Forest Cultivation and Products 180013 Artisanal Mining with Agriculture 180014 Northeast Highlands Agriculture 180015 Orientale Fishing with Agriculture 180016 Northern Plateau Cassava, Maize, Groundnuts and Beans 180017 Bumba Rice and Tubers 180018 Bomongo and Makanza Districts Intensive Fishing 180019 Fishing and Staples Riverine 180020 Cuvette Centrale Staple Crops, Fishing and Charcoal 180021 Equatorial Forest, Hunting, Fishing and Staple Crops 180022 Lighter Forest with Rice and Cassava 180023 Savannah with Cassava and Cowpeas and Small Livestock 180024 High Food Crop Production and Trading 180025 Intensive Artisanal Diamond Exploitation with Crop Cultivation 180026 Clay Soils with High Production of Cassava and Maize, and Cattle 180027 Agropastoral – Staple Crops, Small Stock and Cattle and Wild Foods 180028 Agriculture with High Production and Marketing 180029 Cassava, Maize and Groundnuts 180030 Market Gardening and Staple Crops 180031 River Fishing and Staple Crops 180032 Coastal Ocean Fishing and Kitchen Gardening 180033 Forest – Staple Crops, Cash Crops and Market Gardening 180034 Kinshasa Peri-urban 222001 Basic Grain and Labor Zone 222002 Coffee, Agro-Industrial and Labor Zone 222003 Sugarcane, Agro-Industry and Labor Zone 222004 Eastern Basic Grain, Labor, Livestock and Remittance Zone 222005 Central Free-Trade, Services and Industrial Labor Zone 222006 Fishing, Aquaculture and Tourism Zone 231001 Addis Ababa City 231002 Asale Agropastoral 231003 Awsa-Gewane Agropastoral 231004 Aramiss - Adaar Pastoral 231005 Asale Pastoral 231006 Chenno Agropastoral 231007 Eli daar Pastoral 231008 Namalefan & Baadu Pastoral 231009 Teru Pastoral 231010 Abay Beshilo River Basin 231011 Abay Tekeze Watershed 231012 Central Highland Barley & Potato 231013 Cheffa valley 231014 Guna Highland 231015 Merhabete Lowland Sorghum and teff 231016 Minjar teff and livestock 231017 Minjar teff and sorghum 231018 North Wollo Highland Belg 231019 North East Woyna Dega Mixed Cereal 231020 North Shewa highland sheep and barley 231021 North Shewa Highland Wheat and Teff productive 231022 N Highland wheat, Barley & Sheep 231023 NorthWest Cash Crop 231024 North Wollo East Plain 231025 NorthWest Sorghum Belt 231026 South Wollo Meher 231027 South Wollo Belg 231028 South West Maize, Finger Millet and Teff productive 231029 South Wollo & Oromia Eastern lowland sorghum & cattle 231030 South East Woyna Dega Teff 231031 South West Woyna Dega wheat 231032 Tekeze Lowland Sorghum and Goats 231033 Tana Zuria 231034 South Wollo Meher and Belg 231035 Central Kolla Sorghum, Maize & Millet 231036 Midland Teff & Coffee 231037 Western Dry Kolla Sorghum, Maize & Mining 231038 Meketel Highland Cereal & Pulses 231039 Gambella Agropastoral 231040 Gambella Coffee, Honey & Cereal LZ 231041 Gambella Mixed Agriculture 231042 No Data 231043 Arsi Bale Wheat, Barley & Potato 231044 Anfilo Coffee Monoculture & Honey 231045 Abe Dongoro-Diga-Sasiga Coffee & Sorghum 231046 Adaba Dodola Community Forest 231047 Agarfa, Gasera, Ginir & Gololcha Fruit, Coffee & Chat 231048 Ambo Selale Ginderberet Teff & Wheat 231049 Abijata Shala Jido Agro-Pastoral 231050 Abay Gorge Sesame, Maize & Honey 231051 Ameya-Wolisso-Ambo Teff & Cattle 231052 Becho-Adea Teff & Chickpea 231053 Borena-Guji Maize, Wheat & Livestock 231054 Borena-Guji Coffee & Enset 231055 Borena-Guji Cattle Pastoralist 231056 Bale Agro-Pastoral 231057 Bale Pastoralist 231058 Chercher & Gololcha Chole Coffee, Maize & Chat 231059 Central Horo Teff, Nug & Cattle 231060 Chebo-Inchini Enset, Barley & Cattle 231061 Chat & Vegetables 231062 Dallo, Barbare & Arana-Buluk Coffee 231063 Dale-Lalo Sorghum & Maize 231064 Didessa-Gibe-Wama Valley Sorghum, Maize & Oilcrops 231065 Ebantu-Limu Teff & Cattle 231066 Guduru-Amuru Maize, Teff & Cattle 231067 Guji-Borena Enset, Barley & Cattle 231068 Gerbo Enset & Chat 231069 Gursum-Babile Groundnuts & Sorghum 231070 Gera-Setema-Sale Forest Teff, Honey & Cattle 231071 Gibe Maize & Peppers 231072 Goro-Ginir Spice & Wheat 231073 Anger Maize, Sorghum & Finger Millet 231074 Illu-Wellega-Birbir Maize, Peppers & Sesame 231075 Jimma-Illubabur Coffee, Cereals & Chat 231076 Jaldu-Dendi-Ilfata Barley & Potato 231077 Jimma-Yama Logi Teff & Maize 231078 Kofele Kokosa Enset & Cattle Belt 231079 Muger-Abay-Jema Sorghum & Teff Belt 231080 Melka Awash-Ochocha Mid-Highland Wheat & Teff 231081 Moyale Agro-Pastoral, Labour & Cross-Border Trade 231082 Moyale Cattle, Shoats & Camel Pastoralist 231083 Market-Isolated Cattle & Shoat Pastoralist 231084 Kereyu Pastoral 231085 Mendi-Dabisu Maize, Sesame & Cattle 231086 North-East Agro-Pastoral 231087 Nadda-Gilgel Gibe Maize, Teff and Sorghum 231088 Nole-Meko-Diga Teff & Cattle 231089 Nejo-Dilla Teff, Finger Millet & Nug 231090 Southern Agro-Pastoral 231091 Keto-Begi Cereals & Cattle 231092 Robe Chole Sude & Seru Teff Maize Haricot Bean Belt 231093 Rift Valley Maize & Horse Bean 231094 Selale-Ambo Highland Barley, Wheat and Horsebean belt 231095 Soddo Highland Wheat, Barley & Enset 231096 Siraro Kofele Potato & Vegetables 231097 Sorghum, Maize & Chat 231098 Shirka Ticho Spice & Teff 231099 Wheat, Barley & Potato 231100 Wellega-Dedo Highland Wheat & Barley 231101 Wuchale-Abichu-Kembebit Livestock, 'Wild Oats' & Barley/Wheat 231102 Wellega Coffee, Maize & Sorghum 231103 Amaro Coffee and Enset LZ 231104 Awassa Chat and Enset LZ 231105 Alaba-Mareko Lowland Pepper LZ 231106 Badewacho-Alaba Maize LZ 231107 Bilate Basin Agro-Pastoral LZ 231108 Bench-Keffa Cereal and Enset LZ 231109 Basketo-Melo Coffee and Root Crop LZ 231110 Dawro-Konta Maize and Root Crop LZ 231111 Western Coffee and Spices LZ - Eastern sub-zone 231112 Gedeo Coffee LZ 231113 Gurage-Siltie Highland Enset and Barley LZ 231114 Gurage-Siltie Midland Enset and Chat LZ 231115 Gurage-Siltie Enset and Teff LZ 231116 Gamo Gofa Enset and Barley LZ 231117 Gurage Lowland Maize and Teff LZ 231118 Gamo Gofa Maize and Root Crop LZ 231119 Hadero Ginger LZ 231120 Hadiya Maize LZ 231121 Hadiya-Kembata Cereal and Enset LZ - Hadiya sub zone 231122 Chamo-Abaya Irrigated Banana LZ 231123 Kedida-Badewacho Coffee LZ 231124 Hadiya-Kembata Cereal and Enset LZ - Kembata sub-zone 231125 Kaffa Cereal and Enset LZ 231126 Southern Special Woredas Lowland Cereal LZ 231127 Omo River Flood Recession LZ 231128 Omo Valley Maize and Sorghum LZ 231129 231130 Southern Cereal, Enset and Root Crop LZ 231131 Sidama Coffee LZ 231132 Surma Agro-Pastoral LZ 231133 Sidama-Gedeo Highland Enset and Barley LZ 231134 Sidama Maize Belt LZ 231135 Southern Agro-Pastoral Livelihood Zone 231136 South Omo Crop LZ 231137 South Omo Pastoral LZ 231138 Salamago Pastoral LZ 231139 Sheka Cereal and Enset LZ 231140 Wolayita Ginger and Coffee LZ 231141 Western Coffee and Spices LZ - Western sub-zone 231142 Western Forest Products LZ 231143 Wolayita Maize and Root Crop LZ 231144 Wolayita Barley and Wheat LZ 231145 Yem Cereal and Enset LZ 231146 Afder Pastoral 231147 Degahbur Agropastoral 231148 Dawa-Ganale Riverine 231149 Filtu-Dolo Pastoral 231150 Fik Pastoral 231151 Gode Agropastoral 231152 Harshin-Degahbur East Pastoral 231153 Jijiga Agropastoral 231154 Jijiga Sedentary Farming 231155 Korahe Agropastoral 231156 Korahe-Gode Pastoral 231157 Liban Agropastoral 231158 Lowland-Hawd Pastoral 231159 Moyale-Wayamo Pastoral 231160 No Data 231161 Shinile Agropastoral 231162 Shinile Pastoral 231163 Shabelle Riverine 231164 Adiyabo Lowland 231165 Alaje Ofla Highland 231166 Atsbi Womberta Highland 231167 Central Mixed Crop 231168 Enderta Dry Midland 231169 Eastern Planteau 231170 Gesho and Wheat Highland 231171 Humera Sesame and Sorghum 231172 Irob Mountains 231173 Mereb Basin 231174 Middle Tekeze 231175 Raya Valley 231176 Tsirare Catchment 231177 West Central Teff 231178 Werie Catchment 231179 Western Cereal and Sesame 262001 Northwest Pastoral 262002 Central Pastoral 262003 Southeast Pastoral 262004 Market Gardening 262005 Djibouti City 324001 Coastal: Rice, Fishing, Palm oil 324002 Piedmont: Rice, Groundnut, Horticulture 324003 Central plateau: Horticulture, Fonio, Livestock 324004 Mountain: Livestock, Fonio, Groundnut 324005 Mountain : Rice, Livestock, Fonio 324006 Northern plateau: Rice, Groundnut, Livestock 324007 Savannah with shrubs: Rice, Gold mining, Livestock 324008 Northeast: Maize, Gold mining, Livestock 324009 Wooded savannah: Rice, Manioc, Groundnut 324010 Pre-forest zone: Rice, Manioc, Livestock 324011 Forest: Rice, Palm oil, Coffee 332001 Dry Coastal Maize and Charcoal 332002 North Tubers and Horticulture 332003 Central Plateau Maize and Tubers 332004 Rice Plains of the Artibonite 332005 Western Banana Plains of Arcahaie 332006 West Gardening and Beans 332007 South Beans, Bananas, and Petty Trade 332008 Southwestern Coast Maize, Manioc, and Bush Products 332009 Urban 340000 Casco urbano 340001 Zona de medios de vida litoral Garífuna y de turismo en islas de la Bahía 340002 Zona litoral atlántica productora de aceite de palma 340003 Zona de venta de obra en maquilas, banano y caña de azúcar 340004 Zona Mosquitia de caza y pesca 340005 Zona montañosa de café 340006 Zona de medios de vida pesquera y salinera del Golfo de Fonseca 340007 Zona de granos básicos de subsistencia y remesas 340008 Zona de venta de mano de obra en melón, sandía y camarón 340009 Zona de medios de vida, granos básicos y ganadería 340010 Reserva del Río Platano 404001 Northwestern Pastoral Zone 404002 Turkwell Riverine Zone 404003 Northwestern Agropastoral Zone 404004 Lake Turkana Fishing 404005 Northern Pastoral Zone 404006 Marsabit Marginal Mixed Farming Zone 404007 Northeastern Agropastoral Zone 404008 Mandera Riverine Zone 404009 Northeastern Pastoral Zone 404010 Eastern Pastoral Zone 404011 Southeastern Pastoral Zone 404012 Coastal Medium Potential Farming Zone 404013 Coastal Marginal Agricultural Mixed Farming Zone 404014 Tana Riverine Zone 404015 Southern Pastoral Zone 404016 Southeastern Marginal Mixed Farming Zone 404017 Southeastern Medium Potential, Mixed Farming Zone 404018 Southern Agropastoral Zone 404019 Central Highlands, High Potential Zone 404020 Western Medium Potential Zone 404021 Western High Potential Zone 404022 Western Lakeshore Marginal Mixed Farming Zone 404023 Lake Victoria Fishing Zone 404024 Western Agropastoral Zone 426001 Northern Lowlands 426002 Southern Lowlands 426003 Foothills 426004 Mountains 426005 Senqu River Valley 430001 North-East Rice Farming Palm Oil 430002 North/Central Rice with Cassava and Market Gardening 430003 South-East Rice with Cassava 430004 Coastal Plain Cassava with Rice and Inland Fishing 430005 Coastal Fishing and Cassava 430006 Rice Intercropped and Forest Hunting 430007 Border Cacao and Coffee Farming 430008 Rubber and Charcoal with Food Crops 430009 Peri-Urban: Petty Trade, Market Gardening and Casual Employment 430010 Mining/Concession and Farming Zone 430098 National Parks 430099 Urban Areas 450001 Extreme north: sugar cane, fishing, tourism 450002 North: vanilla, clove, coconut tree 450003 Sofia River basin: tobacco, onion, fishing 450004 Northern highland: rice, zebu 450005 Betsiboka Delta: rice, fishing 450006 Upper Betsiboka: gold mining, rice, cows 450007 Aloatra: rice, fishing, livestock rearing 450008 Toamasina: cloves, coffee, trade 450009 West: rice, fishing, gathering 450010 Agropastoral midwest: rice, maize, pulses 450011 Central Iarivo: rice, market gardening, eucalyptus 450012 Moramanga: forest, petty trade, market gardening 450013 Center-east: litchi, coffee, citrus 450014 Ankaratra: staple crops, horticulture, milk 450015 Tsirobihina Delta: rice, fishing, pulses 450016 South-central peneplain: rice, onion, small livestock 450017 Southern highlands: staple crops, crafts, market gardening 450018 Corridor: forest products, banana 450019 Southeast: coffee, litchi, cassava 450020 Southwest: rice, lima bean 450021 Bara plateau: cows, cassava 450022 Center-south: staple crops, industrial sisal, zebu 450023 Mahafaly plateau: cassava 450024 Extreme south: cassava, maize, livestock rearing 454001 Central Karonga 454002 Chitipa Millet & Maize 454003 Kasungu Lilongwe Plain 454004 Lake Chilwa - Phalombe Plain 454005 Lower Shire 454006 Middle Shire Valley 454007 Misuku Hills 454008 Mzimba Self Sufficient 454009 Nkhata Bay Cassava 454010 Northern Karonga 454011 Northern Lakeshore 454012 Phirilongwe Hills 454013 Rift Valley Escarpment 454014 Shire Highlands 454015 Southern Lakeshore 454016 Thyolo Mulunje Tea Estates 454017 Western Rumphi & Mzimba 454018 Border Productive Horticulture 454019 Urban 454020 National Park 466001 Nomadism and Trans-Saharan Trade 466002 Northern Livestock 466003 Niger Loop Rice and Fishing 466004 Central Livestock, Millet, and Remittances 466005 Dogon Plateau Millet and Shallots 466006 Niger Delta Rice, Cattle, and Fishing 466007 Office du NigerRice and Market Gardening 466008 Northwestern Sorghum, Remittances, and Livestock 466009 Central Sorghum and Millet 466010 Southeastern Sorghum, Millet, and Cotton 466011 Southern Maize, Cotton, and Fruits 466012 Southwestern Maize, Livestock, and Gold Mining 466013 Center-eastern Millet and Livestock 466014 Lakes Recessional Millet and Sorghum 466015 Western Groundnut, Sorghum, and Maize 466016 Southwestern Gold Mining and Maize 466017 Urban 478001 Nomadic pastoralist 478002 Mine and pastoral 478003 Mixed pastoral, oases and wadis 478004 Littoral coastal fishing 478005 Pastoral and trade 478006 Transhumant pastoralism 478007 Agropastoralism 478008 Senegal valley agriculture 478009 Rainfed agriculture 508001 Lakeshore Basic Staples and Fishing 508002 Northern Highland Forest and Tourism 508003 Northwestern Tobacco and Maize 508004 Northern Cassava, Maize, and Forest 508005 Northern Highland with Mixed Cropping 508006 Northeastern Highland Forest 508007 Northeastern Cassava, Cashew, and Coconut 508008 North-Central Coastal Fishing 508009 Plains with Cassava, Rice, and Fishing 508010 Zambezi Valley with Maize and Fishing 508011 Northwestern Cropping and Cross-border Trade 508012 Coastal Sugarcane and Fishing 508013 Tete Highland Mixed Cropping, Tobbaco, and Cotton 508014 Cahora Bassa Dam Sesame and Cotton 508015 Central Semiarid Cotton and Minerals 508016 Manica Highland Mixed Cropping, Cotton, and Tobacco 508017 Central Manica and Sofala Mixed Cropping 508018 Cheringoma and Muanza Maize and Cassava 508019 Central Semiarid Pineapple and Cashew 508020 Southern Coastal Cassava, Coconut, and Fishing 508021 Southern Intermediate Mixed Cropping 508022 Southern Semiarid Cereals and Cattle 508023 Southeastern Rice 508024 Limpopo and Elephant Rivers Mixed Cropping 508025 Southern Coastal Rishing, Manioc, and Maize 508026 Southern Highland Cattle and Mixed Cropping 558000 Urban Area 558001 Pacific Coast Export Fishing, Aquaculture, Tourism and Livestock Zone 558002 Pacific Agro-Industrial and Transitional Agriculture Zone 558003 Northwest Subsistence Agriculture, Livestock and Alternate Income Activities Zone 558004 Estelí Traditional and Industrial Tobacco Zone 558005 Managua Peri-urban Free-Trade, Agro-industry and Services Zone 558006 East-Central Vegetables, Informal Trade, Industry and Tourism Zone 558007 Southern Pacific, Agriculture and High Migration Zone 558008 Central Cattle and Agricultural Frontier Zone 558009 Agriculture and Livestock with High Migration to Costa Rica Zone 558010 Caribbean Humid Tropical Agriculture Zone 558011 Northern Atlantic Agricultural Frontier and Mining Zone 558012 Coffee with Commercial Agriculture and Livestock Zone 558013 Northern Market-bound Basic Grains, Livestock and Coffee Zone 558014 Communal Forestry Zone 558015 Coco River Traditional Agriculture Zone 558016 Caribbean Coast Traditional Fishing Zone 558025 National Forest Reserve 562000 Not Zoned (Desert) 562001 North-east Oases: Dates, Salt and Trade 562002 Aïr Massif Irrigated Gardening 562003 Transhumant and Nomad Pastoralism 562004 Agropastoral Belt 562005 Rainfed Millet and Sorghum Belt 562006 Cropping and Herding with High Work Outmigration 562007 Southern Irrigated Cash Crops 562008 Southwestern Cereals with Fan-Palm Products 562009 Niger River Irrigated Rice 562010 Dallols - Seasonal Water-Course Irrigated Crops 562011 Southeastern Natron Salt and Small Basin Irrigated Dates 562012 Komadougou Irrigated Peppers 562013 Lake Chad Flood-Retreat Cultivation with Fishing 562014 Transhumant and Nomad Pastoralism-Camels 566001 Coastal Fishing 566002 Southern Cocoa, Palm Oil, and Kola nut 566003 South-Central Yam, Cassava, and Banana 566004 Southeast Rice, Salt, and Granite 566005 Niger and Benue River Floodplain Rice and Fishing 566006 Central Plain Yam and Cassava 566007 Mambilla Plateau Cattle, Cocoa, and Tea 566008 Central Highland Maize and Soybean 566009 Northeastern Highland Maize, Cocoyam, Potatoes, and Livestock 566010 North-Central Maize, Sorghum, and Cotton 566011 Northern Floodplains Irrigated Rice, Wheat, and Vegetables 566012 Northeast Millet, Cowpea, and Sesame 566013 Sahel Mixed Cereals and Livestock 686000 Urban Area - Dakar 686001 The Niayes Gardening and Fishing 686002 Delta Rice, Horticulture, and Agricultural Labor 686003 Valley Rice and Remittances 686004 Dieri Millet and Remittances 686005 Rainfed Cowpea and Groundnut 686006 Sylvopatoral Livestock and Gathering 686007 Small Coast Fishing and Tourism 686008 Rainfed Groundnut and Millet 686009 Agropastoral Groundnut 686010 Rainfed Groundnut and Cereals 686011 Forest and Rainfed Rice 686012 Forest, Rainfed Rice, and Groundnut 686013 Rainfed Maize, Cotton, and Cattle 686014 Rainfed Maize and Lumber 686015 Rainfed Maize and Artisanal Gold Mining 686016 National Park 694000 Urban Area - Not Zoned 694001 Tonkolli Food Crops, Gold and Iron Ore 694002 Bombali Food Crops, Peppers, Tobacco and Livestock 694003 Western Rice, Root Crops, Cereals and Trade Belt 694004 Coastal Food Crops and Fishing 694005 Kailahun-Kenema-Pujehun Cash Crops, Food Crops and Trade 694006 Kono-Kenema-Bo Rice, Tree Crops and Timbers 694007 Koinadugu Food Crops, Livestock and Trade 694008 Follosoba Dembellia and Wara Wara Yagala Vegetables 694009 Freetown Peri-Urban 694010 Rice Bowl Areas 706001 Guban Pastoral 706002 West Golis Pastoral 706003 Northwestern Agropastoral 706004 Togdheer Agropastoral 706005 Hawd Pastoral 706006 Northern Inland Pastoral – Goats and Sheep 706007 East Golis – Frankincense, Goats, and Fishing 706008 Coastal Deeh Pastoral and Fishing 706009 Addun Pastoral 706010 Cowpea Belt Agropastoral 706011 Southern Inland Pastoral – Camels, Goats, Sheep, and Cattle 706012 Southern Agropastoral – Goats, Camels, and Sorghum 706013 Riverine Pump Irrigation 706014 Riverine Gravity Irrigation 706015 Sorghum High Potential Agropastoral 706016 Bay Bakool Low Potential Agropastoral 706017 Southern Rainfed Agropastoral – Maize, Cattle, and Goats 706018 Juba Pastoral – Cattle and Goats 706019 Urban 716000 Urban 716001 Agrofisheries 716002 Beitbridge South Western Lowveld Communal 716003 Bikita-Zaka Highlands Communal 716004 Central and Northern Semi Intensive Farming 716005 Cereal and High Cotton Communal 716006 Cereal and Low Cotton Communal 716007 Eastern Highlands Commercial Farming 716008 Eastern Highlands Prime Communal 716009 Eastern Kalahari Sandveld Communal 716010 Greater Mudzi Communal 716011 Highveld Prime Cereal and Cash Crop Resettlement 716012 Highveld Prime Communal 716013 Irrigated Commercial Sugar and Fruit Farming 716014 Kariba Valley and Kariangwe-Jambezi Communal 716015 Livestock and Cereal Farming Communal in Forests 716016 Lusulu, Lupane and Southern Gokwe Mixed Agriculture 716017 Masvingo Manicaland Middleveld Smallholder 716018 Matabeleland Middleveld Communal 716019 Mutorashanga Informal mining 716020 Mwenezi, Chivi and South Midland Communal 716021 Northern Cattle and Cereal Farming 716022 Northern Zambezi Valley Communal 716023 Save River Valley and Ndowoyo Communal 716024 Southern Cattle and Cereal Farming 716025 Western Kalahari Sandveld Communal 716026 National Park 728001 Equatorial maize and cassava 728002 Ironstone Plateau agro-pastoral 728003 Highland forest and sorghum 728004 Western groundnuts, sesame and sorghum 728005 Eastern semi-arid pastoral 728006 Eastern plains sorghum and cattle 728007 Greater Bahr el Ghazal sorghum and cattle 728008 Nile basin fishing and agro-pastoral 728009 Oil resources, maize and cattle 728010 Northeastern maize and cattle 728011 Northern sorhgum and livestock 729000 Not Zoned 729001 Northern Riverine Small-scale Cultivation 729002 Southern Riverine Small/Medium-scale Cultivation 729003 Eastern Pastoral 729004 West and Central Pastoral 729005 Eastern Khors Agropastoral 729006 Coastal Fishing 729007 Eastern Agropastoral Sorghum 729008 Flood-retreat Cultivation 729009 Central Irrigated Schemes 729010 Southeast Rainfed Semi-mechanized Agriculture 729011 Rainfed Sorghum Belt 729012 Western Agropastoral Millet and Groundnuts 729013 Western Agropastoral Millet 729014 Central Rainfed Millet and Sesame 729015 Jabel Marra Mixed Highland Cultivation 729016 Western Wadi Cultivation 729017 North Darfur Tobacco 729018 North Kordofan Gum Arabic Belt 729019 Cattle Dominant Agropastoral 800001 North Eastern Karamoja Highland Apiculture and Potato Zone 800002 Western Karamoja Mixed Crop Farming Zone 800003 South Eastern Karamoja Cattle Maize Zone 800004 Karamoja Mountain and Foot Hills Maize and Cattle Zone 800005 Central Karamoja Sorghum and Livestock Zone 800006 NE Sorghum Simsim Maize Livestock Zone 800007 North Kitgum Gulu Amuru West Nile Simsim Sorghum Livestock Zone 800008 Palabek Tobacco Simsim Sorghum and Cattle Zone 800009 South Kitgum Pader Abim Simsim Groundnuts Sorghum Cattle Zone 800010 Albertine West Nile Lowland Cattle Zone 800011 Kafu Muzizi Maize Upland Rice Cassava Zone 800012 Albertine Escarpment Cotton Cassava Zone 800013 Bwijanga Pakanyi SugarcaNE Maize Cassava Zone 800014 Karuma Masindi Oyam Tobacco Maize Cassava Zone 800015 West Nile Tobacco Cassava Sorghum Zone 800016 Rwenzori Mt.Elgon West Nile Arabica Coffee Banana Zone 800017 Amuru Gulu Rice Groundnut Sorghum Livestock Zone 800018 Southwest Gulu Beans Groundnuts Shoat Cassava 800019 Mid North Simsim Maize Cassava Zone 800020 Eastern Lowland Maize Beans Rice Zone 800021 Eastern Central Lowland Cassava Sorghum and Groundnut Zone 800022 Mt Elgon Highland Irish Potato Cereal Zone 800023 Central and Southern Cattle Cassava Maize Zone 800024 Lakeshore and Riverbank Fishing Zone 800025 Southeastern Maize Beans Robusta Coffee Zone 800026 Midwest Central and Lake Victoria Crescent Robusta Coffee Banana Maize and Cattle Zone 800027 Rwenzori Midland Banana Fruit Vegetable Dairy Zone 800028 Kazinga Channel Cassava Maize Fruit Vegetable Cotton Zone 800029 Rwenzori Lowland Maize Vegetable Banana Zone 800030 Southeastern Lowland Cassava Cereal Zone 800031 Eastern Lowland Rice Root Crop Zone 800032 Southeastern Lowland Cassava Maize Sweet Potato Zone 800033 East Central Plantation Outgrower Zone 800034 Kayunga Masaka Pineapple Banana Robusta Coffee and Cassava Zone 800035 SW Highland Irish Potato Sorghum Vegetable Zone 800036 Kalangala Fishing Oil Palm Cassava Zone 800037 Western Rift Valley Cocoa Coffee Cassava Zone 800038 Rwenzori Midland Tea and Dairy Zone 800039 Southwestern Midland Banana Robusta Coffee Cattle Zone 800040 SW Rift Valley Tobacco Bean Millet Zone 800041 Urban 800042 National Park 834001 Southern Maasai Pastoralist 834002 River Pangani Paddy and Maize Basin 834003 Tanga Maize and Cattle 834004 Tanga Maize and Sisal Employment 834005 Usambara-Pare Highland 834006 Tanga Maize, Orange, and Jackfruit Midlands 834007 Tanga-Pwani Coastal Maize, Paddy Belt 834008 Handeni-Bagamoyo Maize, Cassava, and Fruit Midlands 834009 Loliondo Midland Maize, Beans, and Livestock 834010 Lower Rombo Maize, Beans, and Finger Millet 834011 Kilimanjaro-Meru Maize, Coffee, and Plantains 834012 Karatu Wheat, Maize, and Coffee 834013 Lower Arusha-Simanjiro Maize 834014 Northern Maasai Pastoralist 834015 Nowu Maize, Beans, and Onions Highlands 834016 Babati Kwaraa Maize, Beans, Sunflower, and Coffee 834017 Kiteto-Kongwa-Mpwapwa-Mvomero Maize, Sorghum, and Pigeon Pea 834018 Mbulu-Karatu Midlands Maize, Beans, and Livestock 834019 Hadzabe Hunter-Gatherer Wild Honey, Wild Roots, and Wild Fruit 834020 Wembere Paddy, Sorghum, Maize, Sunflower, and Fishing 834021 Bahi-Sanza Irrigated Rice, Maize, Bulrush Millet, and Livestock 834022 Iramba Midland Onion, Maize, and Sunflower 834023 Manyoni Upland Maize, Sunflower, Sesame, and Livestock 834024 Tabora-Singida Midland Maize, Sunflower, and Livestock 834025 Singida-Manyara Maize, Sorghum, Beans, and Sunflower 834026 East and South Lakeshore Fishing, Cassava, and Upland Rice 834027 Western Lakeshore Coffee, Fishing, and Banana 834028 Kagera-Kigoma-Mara Banana, Coffee, and Beans 834029 Mwanza-Shinyanga-Mara Cotton, Livestock, Cassava, and Maize 834030 Kagera Lowlands Beans, Maize, and Livestock 834031 Shinyanga-Tabora Cotton, Upland Rice, Sweet Potato, and Livestock 834032 Sengerema-Geita Highland Cassava, Rice, and Maize 834033 Kagera-Kigoma Beans, Cassava, and Maize 834034 Kahama-Tabora Midland Tobacco, Maize, Rice, and Livestock 834035 Kishapu-Meatu-Maswa Sorghum, Cotton, Sweet Potato, and Livestock 834036 Urambo-Nzega Lowland Groundnuts, Cotton, and Maize 834037 Kigoma Lowland Palm Oil, Cassava, and Maize 834038 Urambo Agropastoral Maize and Sweet Potato 834039 Victoria Islands Fishing, Cassava, Sweet Potato, and Paddy 834040 Ruaha Riverine Maize, Onion, Tomato, and Paddy Lowlands 834041 Chalinze-Tunuguo Maize, Cattle, and Cassava 834042 Kilombero-Mtibwa Paddy, Maize, and Sugar Employment 834043 Kilombero-Ulanga-Lusewa Paddy, Maize, and Cassava 834044 Kilosa-Mvomero Maize and Paddy Lowlands 834045 Matombo-Kuyuni Spice, Maize, and Banana 834046 Bagamoyo-Kibaha Midland Cassava, Cashew, and Maize 834047 Morogoro Highland Maize and Vegetable 834048 Maskat-Kimbet Maize and Beans Highlands 834049 Newala-Masasi Plateau Sesame, Cassava, Cashew, and Sorghum 834050 Mtwara-Lindi Coastal Rice and Cashew 834051 Matumbi Midland Upland Rice, Oranges, and Maize 834052 Lindi-Nachingwea Lowland Cassava and Maize 834053 Southeastern Plateau Cassava, Cashew, and Bambara Nuts 834054 Mtwara-Lindi-Pwani Riverine 834055 Singida-Dodoma Sorghum, B/Millet, Sunflower, and Livestock 834056 Dodoma Lowland Sunflower, Grape, and Sorghum 834057 Mpanda Maize, Paddy, Sunflower, and Livestock 834058 Lake Tanganyika-Rukwa Fishing, Maize, and Sunflower 834059 Kyela Paddy, Cacao, and Palm Oil Lowlands 834060 Rungwe Banana, Coffee, Tea, and Livestock Midlands 834061 Mporoto-Umalila Irish Potato, Maize, Wheat, and Pyrethrum Highlands 834062 Mbozi-Mbeya Coffee, Maize, Beans, and Livestock Highlands 834063 Usangu Paddy, Maize, Sorghum, and Livestock Wetlands 834064 Kamsamba Paddy, Sorghum, and Livestock Lowlands 834065 Chunya Maize, Sunflower, Cassava, and Groundnut Midlands 834066 West Chunya Maize, Bulrush Millet, and Sesame Lowlands 834067 Lake Nyasa Shore Cassava Fishing and Paddy 834068 Namtumbo Tobacco, Maize, Paddy, and Cassava Midlands 834069 Matengo Coffee, Maize, Beans, and Piggery Midlands 834070 Songea-Namtumbo-Ludewa-Mibinga Maize, Beans, and Cassava Midlands 834071 Njombe-Mufindi Maize, Timber, Tea, Pyrethrum, and Employment 834072 Mtera Dam Fishing, Sorghum, and Sesame 834073 Makete Wheat, Irish Potato, Timber, and Employment Highlands 834074 Njombe-Mufindi Maize, Irish Potato, and Bean 834075 Iringa-Mbarali Maize, Sunflower, Beans, and Groundnut Belt 834076 Tunduru-Nachingwea-Nanyumbu Cashew, Cassava, and Paddy Lowlands 834077 Mpanda-Chunya-Sikonge Maize and Tobacco Lowlands 834078 Sumbawanga-Mbozi-Mpanda Maize, Sunflower, and Livestock 834098 Water 834099 Not Zoned 854001 South tubers and cereals 854002 Southwest fruits, cotton, and cereals 854003 West cotton and cereals 854004 West cereals and remittances 854005 Central plateau cereals and market gardening 854006 Ouagadougou peri-urban 854007 North and east livestock and cereals 854008 North transhumant pastoralism and millet 854009 Southeast cereals, livestock, forestry and faune 887001 Amran Rainfed Sorghum, Barley, Qat, and Livestock Zone 887002 Arabian Sea Coastal Irrigated Tropical Fruit, Fodder and Livestock Zone 887003 Central and Eastern Plateau Agro-Pastoral Zone 887004 Central and Eastern Wadi Palm, Wheat, Vegetable and Livestock Zone 887005 Central Highland Potato, Vegetable and Livestock Zone 887006 Eastern Plateau Sorghum, Millet and Livestock Zone 887007 Greater Yemen Coastal and Island Fishing Zone 887008 Northern and Eastern Desert Pastoral Zone 887009 Sa'adah Irrigated Wheat, Fruit, Vegetable, Qat, and Livestock Zone 887010 Western and Central Highland Qat, Grain, Fodder and Livestock Zone 887011 Western and Central Wadi Sorghum, Millet, Vegetable, Fruit and Livestock Zone 887012 Western Central Highland Coffee, Qat, Sorghum and Livestock Zone 887013 Western Central Highland Wheat, Sorghum, Qat, and Livestock Zone 887014 Western Coastal Plain Sorghum, Millet, and Livestock Zone 887015 Urban 894001 Zambezi Plain Rice, Livestock, and Fishing 894002 Southwestern Cereal, Livestock, and Timber 894003 Western and Northwestern Cassava, Maize, and Cattle 894004 Kaoma Smallholder Food Crop and Tobacco 894005 Northwestern Timber and Honey 894006 Solwezi and Kasempa Mining Labor and Agriculture 894007 Kafue Plain Maize, Cattle, and Fishing 894008 Commercial Rail Line Maize, Livestock, and Cotton 894009 Southern Plateau Cattle, Maize, and Tobacco 894010 Zambezi Valley Agro-fisheries 894011 Mkushi, Chisamba, and Mpongwe Commercial Farming Block 894012 Central Copperbelt Maize, Cassava, and Sweet Potato 894013 Copperbelt Labor and Trade 894014 Mkushi and Serenje Maize, Sweet Potato, and Horticulture 894015 Luangwa Valley Informal Mining, Fishing, and Hunting 894016 Eastern Plateau Maize, Cotton, and Groundnut 894017 Eastern Plateau Maize, Groundnut, Tobacco, and Trade 894018 Luangwa Valley Subsistence Farming, Hunting, and Tourism 894019 Northern Border Maize, Beans, Livestock, and Trade 894020 Muchinga, Northern, and Luapula Cassava, Groundnut, and Mill 894021 Mweru, Bangweulu, and Tanganyika Fisheries LIVELIHOOD reports the predominant livelihood zone within a 5-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. Livelihood zones can be used as an indicator for sources of food and/or income and as a measure of people's vulnerability to hazards, such as flood, drought, food crisis, market disruption, or conflicts. Information on livelihood zones are available for selected countries of Africa, Afghanistan, El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, and Nicaragua. Livelihood zones are country-specific; therefore, codes and labels for LIVELIHOOD vary across countries. The original LIVELIHOOD zone codes from the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET [URL omitted from DDI.]) begin with the 2-character alphabetic ISO code followed by the livelihood zone code. In place of the 2-character alphabetic ISO code used in the source data, IPUMS-DHS substitutes the 3-digit ISO country code (e.g., 231 for Ethiopia), followed by the 3-digit numeric livelihood zone code (e.g., 177 for West Central Teff). LIVELIHOOD, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Proportion of land area used for agriculture (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for agriculture (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for agriculture (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for agriculture (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for agriculture (circa 2000) -00998 Missing CROPLAND reports the proportion of land that is planted in crops, for a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The statistics reported in CROPLAND are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. CROPLAND is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. CROPLAND, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Proportion of land area used for pastureland (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for pastureland (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for pastureland (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for pastureland (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for pastureland (circa 2000) -00998 Missing PASTURELAND reports the proportion of land that is used as pasture, for a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The pasture area statistics reported in PASTURELAND are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. PASTURELAND is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. PASTURELAND, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Precipitation monthly time-series Precipitation monthly time-series Precipitation monthly time-series Precipitation monthly time-series Precipitation monthly time-series 1 PRECIP available PRECIP consists of a set of 72 separate variables. These variables report the average precipitation in millimeters, received within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, for the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, the month of the survey start date, and the 11 individual months following the survey start date. Note that "average" precipitation here refers to averaging the monthly precipitation values for the various subareas included in the buffer zone. By adding PRECIP to your data cart, you are in effect adding 72 separate variables for: the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, denoted by the number of months prior to the survey start date (e.g., PRECIP_01 is the average precipitation in the month before the survey start date; PRECIP_60 is the average precipitation in the 60th month before the survey start date); the month of the survey start date (PRECIP_00); the 11 individual months following the month of the survey start date, denoted by the number of months following the month of the survey start date (e.g., PRECIP_A01 is the average precipitation in the month following the month of the survey start date). The full set of monthly precipitation data, from January 1981 through August 2018, is available on the IPUMS-DHS contextual variables downloads [URL omitted from DDI.] page. Users can merge the precipitation data, available in csv format, with their IPUMS-DHS data extract to create average or total precipitation variables (e.g., average January precipitation, total 2017 precipitation), for the time frame suited to their research question. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Precipitation 60 months before survey start date Precipitation 60 months before survey start date Precipitation 60 months before survey start date Precipitation 60 months before survey start date Precipitation 60 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 59 months before survey start date Precipitation 59 months before survey start date Precipitation 59 months before survey start date Precipitation 59 months before survey start date Precipitation 59 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 58 months before survey start date Precipitation 58 months before survey start date Precipitation 58 months before survey start date Precipitation 58 months before survey start date Precipitation 58 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 57 months before survey start date Precipitation 57 months before survey start date Precipitation 57 months before survey start date Precipitation 57 months before survey start date Precipitation 57 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 56 months before survey start date Precipitation 56 months before survey start date Precipitation 56 months before survey start date Precipitation 56 months before survey start date Precipitation 56 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 55 months before survey start date Precipitation 55 months before survey start date Precipitation 55 months before survey start date Precipitation 55 months before survey start date Precipitation 55 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 54 months before survey start date Precipitation 54 months before survey start date Precipitation 54 months before survey start date Precipitation 54 months before survey start date Precipitation 54 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 53 months before survey start date Precipitation 53 months before survey start date Precipitation 53 months before survey start date Precipitation 53 months before survey start date Precipitation 53 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 52 months before survey start date Precipitation 52 months before survey start date Precipitation 52 months before survey start date Precipitation 52 months before survey start date Precipitation 52 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 51 months before survey start date Precipitation 51 months before survey start date Precipitation 51 months before survey start date Precipitation 51 months before survey start date Precipitation 51 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 50 months before survey start date Precipitation 50 months before survey start date Precipitation 50 months before survey start date Precipitation 50 months before survey start date Precipitation 50 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 49 months before survey start date Precipitation 49 months before survey start date Precipitation 49 months before survey start date Precipitation 49 months before survey start date Precipitation 49 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 48 months before survey start date Precipitation 48 months before survey start date Precipitation 48 months before survey start date Precipitation 48 months before survey start date Precipitation 48 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 47 months before survey start date Precipitation 47 months before survey start date Precipitation 47 months before survey start date Precipitation 47 months before survey start date Precipitation 47 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 46 months before survey start date Precipitation 46 months before survey start date Precipitation 46 months before survey start date Precipitation 46 months before survey start date Precipitation 46 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 45 months before survey start date Precipitation 45 months before survey start date Precipitation 45 months before survey start date Precipitation 45 months before survey start date Precipitation 45 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 44 months before survey start date Precipitation 44 months before survey start date Precipitation 44 months before survey start date Precipitation 44 months before survey start date Precipitation 44 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 43 months before survey start date Precipitation 43 months before survey start date Precipitation 43 months before survey start date Precipitation 43 months before survey start date Precipitation 43 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 42 months before survey start date Precipitation 42 months before survey start date Precipitation 42 months before survey start date Precipitation 42 months before survey start date Precipitation 42 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 41 months before survey start date Precipitation 41 months before survey start date Precipitation 41 months before survey start date Precipitation 41 months before survey start date Precipitation 41 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 40 months before survey start date Precipitation 40 months before survey start date Precipitation 40 months before survey start date Precipitation 40 months before survey start date Precipitation 40 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 39 months before survey start date Precipitation 39 months before survey start date Precipitation 39 months before survey start date Precipitation 39 months before survey start date Precipitation 39 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 38 months before survey start date Precipitation 38 months before survey start date Precipitation 38 months before survey start date Precipitation 38 months before survey start date Precipitation 38 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 37 months before survey start date Precipitation 37 months before survey start date Precipitation 37 months before survey start date Precipitation 37 months before survey start date Precipitation 37 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 36 months before survey start date Precipitation 36 months before survey start date Precipitation 36 months before survey start date Precipitation 36 months before survey start date Precipitation 36 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 35 months before survey start date Precipitation 35 months before survey start date Precipitation 35 months before survey start date Precipitation 35 months before survey start date Precipitation 35 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 34 months before survey start date Precipitation 34 months before survey start date Precipitation 34 months before survey start date Precipitation 34 months before survey start date Precipitation 34 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 33 months before survey start date Precipitation 33 months before survey start date Precipitation 33 months before survey start date Precipitation 33 months before survey start date Precipitation 33 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 32 months before survey start date Precipitation 32 months before survey start date Precipitation 32 months before survey start date Precipitation 32 months before survey start date Precipitation 32 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 31 months before survey start date Precipitation 31 months before survey start date Precipitation 31 months before survey start date Precipitation 31 months before survey start date Precipitation 31 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 30 months before survey start date Precipitation 30 months before survey start date Precipitation 30 months before survey start date Precipitation 30 months before survey start date Precipitation 30 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 29 months before survey start date Precipitation 29 months before survey start date Precipitation 29 months before survey start date Precipitation 29 months before survey start date Precipitation 29 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 28 months before survey start date Precipitation 28 months before survey start date Precipitation 28 months before survey start date Precipitation 28 months before survey start date Precipitation 28 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 27 months before survey start date Precipitation 27 months before survey start date Precipitation 27 months before survey start date Precipitation 27 months before survey start date Precipitation 27 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 26 months before survey start date Precipitation 26 months before survey start date Precipitation 26 months before survey start date Precipitation 26 months before survey start date Precipitation 26 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 25 months before survey start date Precipitation 25 months before survey start date Precipitation 25 months before survey start date Precipitation 25 months before survey start date Precipitation 25 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 24 months before survey start date Precipitation 24 months before survey start date Precipitation 24 months before survey start date Precipitation 24 months before survey start date Precipitation 24 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 23 months before survey start date Precipitation 23 months before survey start date Precipitation 23 months before survey start date Precipitation 23 months before survey start date Precipitation 23 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 22 months before survey start date Precipitation 22 months before survey start date Precipitation 22 months before survey start date Precipitation 22 months before survey start date Precipitation 22 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 21 months before survey start date Precipitation 21 months before survey start date Precipitation 21 months before survey start date Precipitation 21 months before survey start date Precipitation 21 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 20 months before survey start date Precipitation 20 months before survey start date Precipitation 20 months before survey start date Precipitation 20 months before survey start date Precipitation 20 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 19 months before survey start date Precipitation 19 months before survey start date Precipitation 19 months before survey start date Precipitation 19 months before survey start date Precipitation 19 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 18 months before survey start date Precipitation 18 months before survey start date Precipitation 18 months before survey start date Precipitation 18 months before survey start date Precipitation 18 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 17 months before survey start date Precipitation 17 months before survey start date Precipitation 17 months before survey start date Precipitation 17 months before survey start date Precipitation 17 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 16 months before survey start date Precipitation 16 months before survey start date Precipitation 16 months before survey start date Precipitation 16 months before survey start date Precipitation 16 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 15 months before survey start date Precipitation 15 months before survey start date Precipitation 15 months before survey start date Precipitation 15 months before survey start date Precipitation 15 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 14 months before survey start date Precipitation 14 months before survey start date Precipitation 14 months before survey start date Precipitation 14 months before survey start date Precipitation 14 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 13 months before survey start date Precipitation 13 months before survey start date Precipitation 13 months before survey start date Precipitation 13 months before survey start date Precipitation 13 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 12 months before survey start date Precipitation 12 months before survey start date Precipitation 12 months before survey start date Precipitation 12 months before survey start date Precipitation 12 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 11 months before survey start date Precipitation 11 months before survey start date Precipitation 11 months before survey start date Precipitation 11 months before survey start date Precipitation 11 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 10 months before survey start date Precipitation 10 months before survey start date Precipitation 10 months before survey start date Precipitation 10 months before survey start date Precipitation 10 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 9 months before survey start date Precipitation 9 months before survey start date Precipitation 9 months before survey start date Precipitation 9 months before survey start date Precipitation 9 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 8 months before survey start date Precipitation 8 months before survey start date Precipitation 8 months before survey start date Precipitation 8 months before survey start date Precipitation 8 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 7 months before survey start date Precipitation 7 months before survey start date Precipitation 7 months before survey start date Precipitation 7 months before survey start date Precipitation 7 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 6 months before survey start date Precipitation 6 months before survey start date Precipitation 6 months before survey start date Precipitation 6 months before survey start date Precipitation 6 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 5 months before survey start date Precipitation 5 months before survey start date Precipitation 5 months before survey start date Precipitation 5 months before survey start date Precipitation 5 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 4 months before survey start date Precipitation 4 months before survey start date Precipitation 4 months before survey start date Precipitation 4 months before survey start date Precipitation 4 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 3 months before survey start date Precipitation 3 months before survey start date Precipitation 3 months before survey start date Precipitation 3 months before survey start date Precipitation 3 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 2 months before survey start date Precipitation 2 months before survey start date Precipitation 2 months before survey start date Precipitation 2 months before survey start date Precipitation 2 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 1 month before survey start date Precipitation 1 month before survey start date Precipitation 1 month before survey start date Precipitation 1 month before survey start date Precipitation 1 month before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation month of survey start date Precipitation month of survey start date Precipitation month of survey start date Precipitation month of survey start date Precipitation month of survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 1 month after survey start date Precipitation 1 month after survey start date Precipitation 1 month after survey start date Precipitation 1 month after survey start date Precipitation 1 month after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 2 months after survey start date Precipitation 2 months after survey start date Precipitation 2 months after survey start date Precipitation 2 months after survey start date Precipitation 2 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 3 months after survey start date Precipitation 3 months after survey start date Precipitation 3 months after survey start date Precipitation 3 months after survey start date Precipitation 3 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 4 months after survey start date Precipitation 4 months after survey start date Precipitation 4 months after survey start date Precipitation 4 months after survey start date Precipitation 4 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 5 months after survey start date Precipitation 5 months after survey start date Precipitation 5 months after survey start date Precipitation 5 months after survey start date Precipitation 5 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 6 months after survey start date Precipitation 6 months after survey start date Precipitation 6 months after survey start date Precipitation 6 months after survey start date Precipitation 6 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 7 months after survey start date Precipitation 7 months after survey start date Precipitation 7 months after survey start date Precipitation 7 months after survey start date Precipitation 7 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 8 months after survey start date Precipitation 8 months after survey start date Precipitation 8 months after survey start date Precipitation 8 months after survey start date Precipitation 8 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 9 months after survey start date Precipitation 9 months after survey start date Precipitation 9 months after survey start date Precipitation 9 months after survey start date Precipitation 9 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 10 months after survey start date Precipitation 10 months after survey start date Precipitation 10 months after survey start date Precipitation 10 months after survey start date Precipitation 10 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 11 months after survey start date Precipitation 11 months after survey start date Precipitation 11 months after survey start date Precipitation 11 months after survey start date Precipitation 11 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum monthly temperature Average minimum monthly temperature Average minimum monthly temperature Average minimum monthly temperature Average minimum monthly temperature 1 TEMPMAX available TEMPMIN consists of a set of 72 separate variables reporting minimum monthly temperatures. These variables report the average minimum temperature in kelvin scale, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, for the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, the month of the survey start date, and the 11 individual months following the survey start date. Note that "average" minimum temperature here refers to averaging the minimum temperature values for the various subareas included in the buffer zone. By adding TEMPMIN to your data cart, you are in effect adding 72 separate variables for: the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, denoted by the number of months prior to the survey start date (e.g., TEMPMIN_01 is the average minimum temperature in the month before the survey start date; TEMPMIN _60 is the average minimum temperature in the 60th month before the survey start date) the month of the survey start date (TEMPMIN _00) the 11 individual months following the month of the survey start date, denoted by the number of months following the month of the survey start date (e.g., TEMPMIN_A01 is the average minimum temperature in the month following the month of the survey start date) The full set of monthly temperature data, from January 1980 through December 2016, is available on the IPUMS-DHS contextual variables downloads [URL omitted from DDI.] page. Users can merge the temperature data, available in csv format, with their IPUMS-DHS data extract to create average or total precipitation variables (e.g., average minimum January temperature), for the time frame suited to their research question. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Average minimum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 60 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 59 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 58 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 57 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 56 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 55 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 54 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 53 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 52 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 51 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 50 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 49 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 48 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 47 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 46 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 45 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 44 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 43 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 42 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 41 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 40 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 39 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 38 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 37 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 36 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 35 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 34 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 33 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 32 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 31 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 30 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 29 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 28 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 27 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 26 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 25 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 24 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 23 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 22 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 21 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 20 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 19 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 18 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 17 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 16 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 15 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 14 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 13 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 12 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature month of survey start date Average minimum temperature month of survey start date Average minimum temperature month of survey start date Average minimum temperature month of survey start date Average minimum temperature month of survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum monthly temperature Average maximum monthly temperature Average maximum monthly temperature Average maximum monthly temperature Average maximum monthly temperature 1 TEMPMAX available TEMPMAX consists of a set of 72 separate variables reporting maximum monthly temperatures. These variables report the average maximum temperature in kelvin scale, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, for the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, the month of the survey start date, and the 11 individual months following the survey start date. Note that "average" maximum temperature here refers to averaging the maximum temperature values for the various subareas included in the buffer zone. By adding TEMPMAX to your data cart, you are in effect adding 72 separate variables for: the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, denoted by the number of months prior to the survey start date (e.g., TEMPMAX_01 is the average maximum temperature in the month before the survey start date; TEMPMAX _60 is the average maximum temperature in the 60th month before the survey start date) the month of the survey start date (TEMPMAX _00) the 11 individual months following the month of the survey start date, denoted by the number of months following the month of the survey start date (e.g., TEMPMAX_A01 is the average maximum temperature in the month following the month of the survey start date). The full set of monthly temperature data, from January 1980 through December 2016, is available on the IPUMS-DHS contextual variables downloads [URL omitted from DDI.] page. Users can merge the temperature data, available in csv format, with their IPUMS-DHS data extract to create average or total precipitation variables (e.g., average maximum July temperature), for the time frame suited to their research question. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Average maximum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 60 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 59 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 58 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 57 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 56 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 55 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 54 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 53 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 52 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 51 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 50 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 49 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 48 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 47 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 46 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 45 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 44 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 43 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 42 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 41 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 40 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 39 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 38 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 37 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 36 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 35 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 34 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 33 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 32 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 31 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 30 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 29 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 28 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 27 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 26 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 25 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 24 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 23 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 22 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 21 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 20 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 19 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 18 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 17 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 16 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 15 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 14 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 13 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 12 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature month of survey start date Average maximum temperature month of survey start date Average maximum temperature month of survey start date Average maximum temperature month of survey start date Average maximum temperature month of survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Population density quinquennial time-series (2000-2020) Population density quinquennial time-series (2000-2020) Population density quinquennial time-series (2000-2020) Population density quinquennial time-series (2000-2020) Population density quinquennial time-series (2000-2020) 1 POPDENSITY available POPDENSITY consists of a set of 5 separate variables. These variables report the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. By adding POPDENSITY to your data cart, you are in effect adding 5 separate variables (POPDENSITY_2000 - POPDENSITY_2020), one variable for each month. Values for POPDENSITY are based on population projections from the results of the 2000 and 2010 rounds of censuses. POPDENSITY variables can be used as indicators of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, for greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. POPDENSITY, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Population density 2000 Population density 2000 Population density 2000 Population density 2000 Population density 2000 -000998 Missing POPDENSITY_2000 reports the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2000. The population density statistics are available for the following years: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. POPDENSITY_2000 is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. POPDENSITY_2000 can be used as an indicator of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, and greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. Please see the User Note on Using IPUMS-DHS Contextual Variables: POPDENSITY_2000 [URL omitted from DDI.] for more information about this variable, including data sources and methodology. This variable, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is based on sources outside The DHS Program, with values around DHS sample cluster points calculated by IPUMS-DHS staff. IPUMS Population density 2005 Population density 2005 Population density 2005 Population density 2005 Population density 2005 -000998 Missing POPDENSITY_2005 reports the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2005. The population density statistics are available for the following years: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. POPDENSITY_2005 is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. POPDENSITY_2005 can be used as an indicator of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, and greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. Please see the User Note on Using IPUMS-DHS Contextual Variables: POPDENSITY_2005 [URL omitted from DDI.] for more information about this variable, including data sources and methodology. This variable, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is based on sources outside The DHS Program, with values around DHS sample cluster points calculated by IPUMS-DHS staff. IPUMS Population density 2010 Population density 2010 Population density 2010 Population density 2010 Population density 2010 -000998 Missing POPDENSITY_2010 reports the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2010. The population density statistics are available for the following years: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. POPDENSITY_2010 is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. POPDENSITY_2010 can be used as an indicator of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, and greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. Please see the User Note on Using IPUMS-DHS Contextual Variables: POPDENSITY_2010 [URL omitted from DDI.] for more information about this variable, including data sources and methodology. This variable, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is based on sources outside The DHS Program, with values around DHS sample cluster points calculated by IPUMS-DHS staff. IPUMS Population density 2015 Population density 2015 Population density 2015 Population density 2015 Population density 2015 -000998 Missing POPDENSITY_2015 reports the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2015. The population density statistics are available for the following years: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. POPDENSITY_2015 is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. POPDENSITY_2015 can be used as an indicator of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, and greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. Please see the User Note on Using IPUMS-DHS Contextual Variables: POPDENSITY_2015 [URL omitted from DDI.] for more information about this variable, including data sources and methodology. This variable, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is based on sources outside The DHS Program, with values around DHS sample cluster points calculated by IPUMS-DHS staff. IPUMS Population density 2020 Population density 2020 Population density 2020 Population density 2020 Population density 2020 -000998 Missing POPDENSITY_2020 reports the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2020. The population density statistics are available for the following years: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. POPDENSITY_2020 is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. POPDENSITY_2020 can be used as an indicator of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, and greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. Values for POPDENSITY_2020 are based on population projections from the results of the 2010 round of censuses, which occurred between 2005 and 2014. Please see the User Note on Using IPUMS-DHS Contextual Variables: POPDENSITY_2020 [URL omitted from DDI.] for more information about this variable, including data sources and methodology. This variable, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is based on sources outside The DHS Program, with values around DHS sample cluster points calculated by IPUMS-DHS staff. IPUMS Harvested area barley (in 2000) Harvested area barley (in 2000) Harvested area barley (in 2000) Harvested area barley (in 2000) Harvested area barley (in 2000) -00000998 Missing BARLEY_H reports total harvested area dedicated to barley, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in BARLEY_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable BARLEY_P reports total crop production of barley, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. BARLEY_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area cassava (in 2000) Harvested area cassava (in 2000) Harvested area cassava (in 2000) Harvested area cassava (in 2000) Harvested area cassava (in 2000) -00000998 Missing CASSAVA_H reports total harvested area dedicated to cassava, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in CASSAVA_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable CASSAVA_P reports total crop production of cassava, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. CASSAVA_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area cotton (in 2000) Harvested area cotton (in 2000) Harvested area cotton (in 2000) Harvested area cotton (in 2000) Harvested area cotton (in 2000) -00000998 Missing COTTON_H reports total harvested area dedicated to cotton, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in COTTON_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable COTTON_P reports total crop production of cotton, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. COTTON_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area groundnuts (in 2000) Harvested area groundnuts (in 2000) Harvested area groundnuts (in 2000) Harvested area groundnuts (in 2000) Harvested area groundnuts (in 2000) -00000998 Missing GROUNDNUT_H reports total harvested area dedicated to groundnuts, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in GROUNDNUT_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable GROUNDNUT_P reports total crop production of groundnuts, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. GROUNDNUT_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area maize (in 2000) Harvested area maize (in 2000) Harvested area maize (in 2000) Harvested area maize (in 2000) Harvested area maize (in 2000) -00000998 Missing MAIZE_H reports total harvested area dedicated to maize, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in MAIZE_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable MAIZE_P reports total crop production of maize, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. MAIZE_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area millet (in 2000) Harvested area millet (in 2000) Harvested area millet (in 2000) Harvested area millet (in 2000) Harvested area millet (in 2000) -00000998 Missing MILLET_H reports total harvested area dedicated to millet, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in MILLET_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable MILLET_P reports total crop production of millet, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. MILLET_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area oilpalm (in 2000) Harvested area oilpalm (in 2000) Harvested area oilpalm (in 2000) Harvested area oilpalm (in 2000) Harvested area oilpalm (in 2000) -00000998 Missing OILPALM_H reports total harvested area dedicated to oil palm, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in OILPALM_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable OILPALM_P reports total crop production of oil palm, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. OILPALM_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area potatoes (in 2000) Harvested area potatoes (in 2000) Harvested area potatoes (in 2000) Harvested area potatoes (in 2000) Harvested area potatoes (in 2000) -00000998 Missing POTATO_H reports total harvested area dedicated to potatoes, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in POTATO_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable POTATO_P reports total crop production of potatoes, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. POTATO_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area rapeseed (in 2000) Harvested area rapeseed (in 2000) Harvested area rapeseed (in 2000) Harvested area rapeseed (in 2000) Harvested area rapeseed (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RAPESEED_H reports total harvested area dedicated to rapeseed, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in RAPESEED_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RAPESEED_P reports total crop production of rapeseed, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RAPESEED_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area rice (in 2000) Harvested area rice (in 2000) Harvested area rice (in 2000) Harvested area rice (in 2000) Harvested area rice (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RICE_H reports total harvested area dedicated to rice, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in RICE_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RICE_P reports total crop production of rice, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RICE_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area sorghum (in 2000) Harvested area sorghum (in 2000) Harvested area sorghum (in 2000) Harvested area sorghum (in 2000) Harvested area sorghum (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SORGHUM_H reports total harvested area dedicated to sorghum, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in SORGHUM_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SORGHUM_P reports total crop production of sorghum, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SORGHUM_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area soybeans (in 2000) Harvested area soybeans (in 2000) Harvested area soybeans (in 2000) Harvested area soybeans (in 2000) Harvested area soybeans (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SOYBEAN_H reports total harvested area dedicated to soybeans, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in SOYBEAN_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SOYBEAN_P reports total crop production of soybean, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SOYBEAN_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area sugarbeets (in 2000) Harvested area sugarbeets (in 2000) Harvested area sugarbeets (in 2000) Harvested area sugarbeets (in 2000) Harvested area sugarbeets (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUGARBEET_H reports total harvested area dedicated to sugar beets, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in SUGARBEET_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUGARBEET_P reports total crop production of sugar beets, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUGARBEET_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area sugarcane (in 2000) Harvested area sugarcane (in 2000) Harvested area sugarcane (in 2000) Harvested area sugarcane (in 2000) Harvested area sugarcane (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUGARCANE_H reports total harvested area dedicated to sugar cane, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in SUGARCANE_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUGARCANE_P reports total crop production of sugar cane, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUGARCANE_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area sunflowers (in 2000) Harvested area sunflowers (in 2000) Harvested area sunflowers (in 2000) Harvested area sunflowers (in 2000) Harvested area sunflowers (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUNFLOWER_H reports total harvested area dedicated to sunflowers, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in SUNFLOWER_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUNFLOWER_P reports total crop production of sunflowers, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUNFLOWER_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area wheat (in 2000) Harvested area wheat (in 2000) Harvested area wheat (in 2000) Harvested area wheat (in 2000) Harvested area wheat (in 2000) -00000998 Missing WHEAT_H reports total harvested area dedicated to wheat, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in WHEAT_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable WHEAT_P reports total crop production of wheat, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. WHEAT_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area rye (in 2000) Harvested area rye (in 2000) Harvested area rye (in 2000) Harvested area rye (in 2000) Harvested area rye (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RYE_H reports total harvested area dedicated to rye, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in RYE_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RYE_P reports total crop production of rye, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RYE_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total barley production (in 2000) Total barley production (in 2000) Total barley production (in 2000) Total barley production (in 2000) Total barley production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing BARLEY_P reports the total crop production of barley, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in BARLEY_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable BARLEY_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to barley, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. BARLEY_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total cassava production (in 2000) Total cassava production (in 2000) Total cassava production (in 2000) Total cassava production (in 2000) Total cassava production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing CASSAVA_P reports the total crop production of cassava, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in CASSAVA_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable CASSAVA_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to cassava, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. CASSAVA_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total cotton production (in 2000) Total cotton production (in 2000) Total cotton production (in 2000) Total cotton production (in 2000) Total cotton production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing COTTON_P reports the total crop production of cotton, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in COTTON_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable COTTON_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to cotton, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. COTTON_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total groundnut production (in 2000) Total groundnut production (in 2000) Total groundnut production (in 2000) Total groundnut production (in 2000) Total groundnut production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing GROUNDNUT_P reports the total crop production of groundnuts, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in GROUNDNUT_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable GROUNDNUT_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to groundnuts, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. GROUNDNUT_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total maize production (in 2000) Total maize production (in 2000) Total maize production (in 2000) Total maize production (in 2000) Total maize production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing MAIZE_P reports the total crop production of maize, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in MAIZE_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable MAIZE_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to maize, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. MAIZE_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total millet production (in 2000) Total millet production (in 2000) Total millet production (in 2000) Total millet production (in 2000) Total millet production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing MILLET_P reports the total crop production of millet, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in MILLET_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable MILLET_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to millet, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. MILLET_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total oilpalm production (in 2000) Total oilpalm production (in 2000) Total oilpalm production (in 2000) Total oilpalm production (in 2000) Total oilpalm production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing OILPALM_P reports the total crop production of oil palm, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in OILPALM_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable OILPALM_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to oil palm, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. OILPALM_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total potato production (in 2000) Total potato production (in 2000) Total potato production (in 2000) Total potato production (in 2000) Total potato production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing POTATO_P reports the total crop production of potatoes, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in POTATO_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable POTATO_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to potatoes, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. POTATO_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total rapeseed production (in 2000) Total rapeseed production (in 2000) Total rapeseed production (in 2000) Total rapeseed production (in 2000) Total rapeseed production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RAPESEED_P reports the total crop production of rapeseed, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in RAPESEED_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RAPESEED_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to rapeseed, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RAPESEED_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total rice production (in 2000) Total rice production (in 2000) Total rice production (in 2000) Total rice production (in 2000) Total rice production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RICE_P reports the total crop production of rice, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in RICE_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RICE_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to rice, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RICE_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total sorghum production (in 2000) Total sorghum production (in 2000) Total sorghum production (in 2000) Total sorghum production (in 2000) Total sorghum production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SORGHUM_P reports the total crop production of sorghum, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in SORGHUM_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SORGHUM_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to sorghum, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SORGHUM_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total soybean production (in 2000) Total soybean production (in 2000) Total soybean production (in 2000) Total soybean production (in 2000) Total soybean production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SOYBEAN_P reports the total crop production of soybeans, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in SOYBEAN_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SOYBEAN_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to soybeans, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SOYBEAN_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total sugarbeet production (in 2000) Total sugarbeet production (in 2000) Total sugarbeet production (in 2000) Total sugarbeet production (in 2000) Total sugarbeet production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUGARBEET_P reports the total crop production of sugar beets, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in SUGARBEET_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUGARBEET_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to sugar beets, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUGARBEET_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total sugarcane production (in 2000) Total sugarcane production (in 2000) Total sugarcane production (in 2000) Total sugarcane production (in 2000) Total sugarcane production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUGARCANE_P reports the total crop production of sugar cane, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in SUGARCANE_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUGARCANE_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to sugar cane, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUGARCANE_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total sunflower production (in 2000) Total sunflower production (in 2000) Total sunflower production (in 2000) Total sunflower production (in 2000) Total sunflower production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUNFLOWER_P reports the total crop production of sunflowers, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in SUNFLOWER_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUNFLOWER_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to sunflowers, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUNFLOWER_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total wheat production (in 2000) Total wheat production (in 2000) Total wheat production (in 2000) Total wheat production (in 2000) Total wheat production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing WHEAT_P reports the total crop production of wheat, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in WHEAT_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable WHEAT_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to wheat, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. WHEAT_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total rye production (in 2000) Total rye production (in 2000) Total rye production (in 2000) Total rye production (in 2000) Total rye production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RYE_P reports the total crop production of rye, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in RYE_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RYE_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to rye, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RYE_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS IPUMS-DHS sample identifier IPUMS-DHS sample identifier IPUMS-DHS sample identifier IPUMS-DHS sample identifier IPUMS-DHS sample identifier 00101 Model 2015 00401 Afghanistan 2015 02401 Angola 2015 05001 Bangladesh 1994 05002 Bangladesh 1996-97 05003 Bangladesh 1999-00 05004 Bangladesh 2004 05005 Bangladesh 2007 05006 Bangladesh 2011 05007 Bangladesh 2014 10401 Myanmar 2015 10801 Burundi 1987 10802 Burundi 2010 10803 Burundi 2016 11601 Cambodia 2000 11602 Cambodia 2005 11603 Cambodia 2010 11604 Cambodia 2014 12001 Cameroon 1991 12002 Cameroon 1998 12003 Cameroon 2004 12004 Cameroon 2011 14801 Chad 1996-97 14802 Chad 2004 14803 Chad 2014 18001 Congo Democratic Republic 2007 18002 Congo Democratic Republic 2013-14 20401 Benin 1996 20402 Benin 2001 20403 Benin 2006 20404 Benin 2011 23101 Ethiopia 2000 23102 Ethiopia 2005 23103 Ethiopia 2011 23104 Ethiopia 2016 28801 Ghana 1988 28802 Ghana 1993 28803 Ghana 1998 28804 Ghana 2003 28805 Ghana 2008 28806 Ghana 2014 32001 Guatemala 1987 32002 Guatemala 1995 32003 Guatemala 2015 32401 Guinea 1999 32402 Guinea 2005 32403 Guinea 2012 35601 India 1992-93 35602 India 1998-99 35603 India 2005-06 35604 India 2015-16 38401 Cote d'Ivoire 1994 38402 Cote d'Ivoire 1998 38403 Cote d'Ivoire 2011 40001 Jordan 1990 40002 Jordan 1997 40003 Jordan 2002 40004 Jordan 2007 40005 Jordan 2009 40006 Jordan 2012 40007 Jordan 2017-18 40401 Kenya 1989 40402 Kenya 1993 40403 Kenya 1998 40404 Kenya 2003 40405 Kenya 2008-9 40406 Kenya 2014 42601 Lesotho 2004 42602 Lesotho 2009 42603 Lesotho 2014 45001 Madagascar 1992 45002 Madagascar 1997 45003 Madagascar 2003 45004 Madagascar 2008 45401 Malawi 1992 45402 Malawi 2000 45403 Malawi 2004 45404 Malawi 2010 45405 Malawi 2016 46601 Mali 1987 46602 Mali 1995-6 46603 Mali 2001 46604 Mali 2006 46605 Mali 2012 50401 Morocco 1987 50402 Morocco 1992 50403 Morocco 2003 50801 Mozambique 1997 50802 Mozambique 2003 50803 Mozambique 2011 51601 Namibia 1992 51602 Namibia 2000 51603 Namibia 2006 51604 Namibia 2013 52401 Nepal 1996 52402 Nepal 2001 52403 Nepal 2006 52404 Nepal 2011 52405 Nepal 2016 56201 Niger 1992 56202 Niger 1998 56203 Niger 2006 56204 Niger 2012 56601 Nigeria 1990 56602 Nigeria 1999 56603 Nigeria 2003 56604 Nigeria 2008 56605 Nigeria 2013 58601 Pakistan 1990-91 58602 Pakistan 2006-07 58603 Pakistan 2012-13 58604 Pakistan 2017-18 60401 Peru 1991-92 60402 Peru 1996 60403 Peru 2000 60404 Peru 2004-08 60405 Peru 2010 60406 Peru 2011 60407 Peru 2012 64601 Rwanda 1992 64602 Rwanda 2000 64603 Rwanda 2005 64604 Rwanda 2010 64605 Rwanda 2014 68601 Senegal 1986 68602 Senegal 1992-93 68603 Senegal 1997 68604 Senegal 2005 68605 Senegal 2010-11 68606 Senegal 2012-13 68607 Senegal 2014 68608 Senegal 2015 68609 Senegal 2016 68610 Senegal 2017 71001 South Africa 1998 71002 South Africa 2016 71601 Zimbabwe 1988 71602 Zimbabwe 1994 71603 Zimbabwe 1999 71604 Zimbabwe 2005-6 71605 Zimbabwe 2010-11 71606 Zimbabwe 2015 72901 Sudan 1989-90 78801 Tunisia 1988 79201 Turkey 1993 79202 Turkey 1998 79203 Turkey 2003 80001 Uganda 1988 80002 Uganda 1995 80003 Uganda 2001 80004 Uganda 2006 80005 Uganda 2011 80006 Uganda 2016 81801 Egypt 1988 81802 Egypt 1992 81803 Egypt 1995 81804 Egypt 2000 81805 Egypt 2005 81806 Egypt 2008 81807 Egypt 2014 83401 Tanzania 1991 83402 Tanzania 1996 83403 Tanzania 1999 83404 Tanzania 2004 83405 Tanzania 2010 83406 Tanzania 2015 85401 Burkina Faso 1993 85402 Burkina Faso 1998 85403 Burkina Faso 2003 85404 Burkina Faso 2010 88701 Yemen 1991-92 88702 Yemen 2013 89401 Zambia 1992 89402 Zambia 1996 89403 Zambia 2001 89404 Zambia 2007 89405 Zambia 2013 SAMPLE identifies the DHS sample from which the case is drawn. Each sample receives a unique 5-digit code. The first three digits are ISO/UN codes used in COUNTRY, and the last two digits identify the sample within the country, ordered by survey year. The related variable SAMPLESTR is a string variable that identifies the DHS sample with the same 5-digit code. IPUMS IPUMS-DHS sample identifier (string) IPUMS-DHS sample identifier (string) IPUMS-DHS sample identifier (string) IPUMS-DHS sample identifier (string) IPUMS-DHS sample identifier (string) 11603 Cambodia 2010 11602 Cambodia 2005 11601 Cambodia 2000 10803 Burundi 2016 10802 Burundi 2010 10801 Burundi 1987 10401 Myanmar 2015 05007 Bangladesh 2014 05006 Bangladesh 2011 05005 Bangladesh 2007 05004 Bangladesh 2004 05003 Bangladesh 1999-00 05001 Bangladesh 1994 05002 Bangladesh 1996-97 14801 Chad 1996-97 12004 Cameroon 2011 12003 Cameroon 2004 14803 Chad 2014 18001 Congo Democratic Republic 2007 18002 Congo Democratic Republic 2013-14 20401 Benin 1996 81807 Egypt 2014 81806 Egypt 2008 81805 Egypt 2005 81804 Egypt 2000 81803 Egypt 1995 81802 Egypt 1992 81801 Egypt 1988 80006 Uganda 2016 80005 Uganda 2011 80004 Uganda 2006 80003 Uganda 2001 80002 Uganda 1995 80001 Uganda 1988 79203 Turkey 2003 79202 Turkey 1998 79201 Turkey 1993 78801 Tunisia 1988 72901 Sudan 1989-90 71606 Zimbabwe 2015 71605 Zimbabwe 2010-11 71604 Zimbabwe 2005-6 71603 Zimbabwe 1999 71602 Zimbabwe 1994 71601 Zimbabwe 1988 71001 South Africa 1998 68610 Senegal 2017 68609 Senegal 2016 68608 Senegal 2015 68607 Senegal 2014 14802 Chad 2004 68606 Senegal 2012-13 68605 Senegal 2010-11 68604 Senegal 2005 68603 Senegal 1997 68602 Senegal 1992-93 68601 Senegal 1986 64605 Rwanda 2014 64604 Rwanda 2010 64603 Rwanda 2005 64602 Rwanda 2000 64601 Rwanda 1992 60407 Peru 2012 60406 Peru 2011 60405 Peru 2010 60404 Peru 2004-08 60403 Peru 2000 60402 Peru 1996 60401 Peru 1991-92 58603 Pakistan 2012-13 58602 Pakistan 2006-07 58601 Pakistan 1990-91 56605 Nigeria 2013 56604 Nigeria 2008 56603 Nigeria 2003 56602 Nigeria 1999 56601 Nigeria 1990 56204 Niger 2012 56203 Niger 2006 56202 Niger 1998 12002 Cameroon 1998 12001 Cameroon 1991 11604 Cambodia 2014 02401 Angola 2015 00401 Afghanistan 2015 00101 Model 2015 56201 Niger 1992 52404 Nepal 2011 52403 Nepal 2006 52402 Nepal 2001 52401 Nepal 1996 51604 Namibia 2013 51603 Namibia 2006 51602 Namibia 2000 51601 Namibia 1992 50803 Mozambique 2011 50802 Mozambique 2003 50801 Mozambique 1997 50403 Morocco 2003 50402 Morocco 1992 50401 Morocco 1987 46605 Mali 2012 46604 Mali 2006 46603 Mali 2001 46602 Mali 1995-6 46601 Mali 1987 45405 Malawi 2016 45404 Malawi 2010 45403 Malawi 2004 45402 Malawi 2000 45401 Malawi 1992 45004 Madagascar 2008 45003 Madagascar 2003 45002 Madagascar 1997 45001 Madagascar 1992 42603 Lesotho 2014 42602 Lesotho 2009 42601 Lesotho 2004 40406 Kenya 2014 40405 Kenya 2008-9 40404 Kenya 2003 40403 Kenya 1998 40402 Kenya 1993 40401 Kenya 1989 40006 Jordan 2012 40005 Jordan 2009 40004 Jordan 2007 40003 Jordan 2002 40002 Jordan 1997 40001 Jordan 1990 38403 Cote d'Ivoire 2011 38402 Cote d'Ivoire 1998 38401 Cote d'Ivoire 1994 35604 India 2015-16 35603 India 2005-06 35602 India 1998-99 35601 India 1992-93 32403 Guinea 2012 32402 Guinea 2005 32401 Guinea 1999 32003 Guatemala 2015 32002 Guatemala 1995 32001 Guatemala 1987 28806 Ghana 2014 28805 Ghana 2008 28804 Ghana 2003 28803 Ghana 1998 28802 Ghana 1993 28801 Ghana 1988 23104 Ethiopia 2016 23103 Ethiopia 2011 23102 Ethiopia 2005 23101 Ethiopia 2000 20404 Benin 2011 20403 Benin 2006 20402 Benin 2001 83401 Tanzania 1991 83402 Tanzania 1996 83403 Tanzania 1999 83404 Tanzania 2004 83405 Tanzania 2010 83406 Tanzania 2015 85401 Burkina Faso 1993 85402 Burkina Faso 1998 85403 Burkina Faso 2003 85404 Burkina Faso 2010 88701 Yemen 1991-92 88702 Yemen 2013 89401 Zambia 1992 89402 Zambia 1996 89403 Zambia 2001 89404 Zambia 2007 89405 Zambia 2013 40007 Jordan 2017 52405 Nepal 2016 58604 Pakistan 2017-18 71002 South Africa 2016 SAMPLESTR is a string variable that identifies the DHS sample from which the case is drawn. Each sample receives a unique 5-digit code. The first three digits are ISO/UN codes used in COUNTRY, and the last two digits identify the sample within the country, ordered by survey year. The related variable SAMPLE is a numeric variable that identifies the DHS sample with the same 5-digit code. IPUMS Country Country Country Country Country 001 Model 004 Afghanistan 024 Angola 050 Bangladesh 104 Myanmar 108 Burundi 116 Cambodia 120 Cameroon 148 Chad 180 Congo Democratic Republic 204 Benin 231 Ethiopia 288 Ghana 320 Guatemala 324 Guinea 356 India 384 Cote d'Ivoire 400 Jordan 404 Kenya 426 Lesotho 450 Madagascar 454 Malawi 466 Mali 504 Morocco 508 Mozambique 516 Namibia 524 Nepal 562 Niger 566 Nigeria 586 Pakistan 604 Peru 646 Rwanda 686 Senegal 710 South Africa 716 Zimbabwe 729 Sudan 788 Tunisia 792 Turkey 800 Uganda 818 Egypt 834 Tanzania 854 Burkina Faso 887 Yemen 894 Zambia COUNTRY reports the country where the survey was fielded. The codes assigned to each country are those used by the UN Statistics Division and the ISO (International Organization for Standardization). IPUMS Year of sample Year of sample Year of sample Year of sample Year of sample 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 YEAR reports the year when the survey was fielded, as a four-digit variable. In some cases, the DHS was conducted over the course of two years (e.g., Ethiopia 2010-2011), but YEAR always gives a single year. For full information about the timing of the surveys, please consult the IPUMS-DHS Sample Descriptions page. IPUMS Unique cross-sample respondent identifier Unique cross-sample respondent identifier Unique cross-sample respondent identifier Unique cross-sample respondent identifier Unique cross-sample respondent identifier IDHSPID is an identifying number unique to person in a given sample. It is a concatenation of SAMPLE and CASEID. IDHSPID is a 22-character string variable. IPUMS Unique cross-sample household identifier Unique cross-sample household identifier Unique cross-sample household identifier Unique cross-sample household identifier Unique cross-sample household identifier IDHSHID is an identifying number unique to a specific household in a given sample. It is a concatenation of SAMPLE, CLUSTERNO and HHNUM. IDHSHID is a 19-character string variable. IPUMS Key to link DHS clusters to context data (string) Key to link DHS clusters to context data (string) Key to link DHS clusters to context data (string) Key to link DHS clusters to context data (string) Key to link DHS clusters to context data (string) DHSID is the 14-character DHS identification code for DHS clusters constructed from the 2-character country code, the 4-digit survey year, and the 8-digit cluster identification number. DHSID is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample and uniquely identifies clusters across samples. It serves as the unique linking key between IPUMS-DHS microdata and DHS cluster shapefiles. This is a 14-digit numeric variable with 0 implied decimal places IPUMS Unique sample-case PSU identifier Unique sample-case PSU identifier Unique sample-case PSU identifier Unique sample-case PSU identifier Unique sample-case PSU identifier IDHSPSU is an identifying number unique to the primary sampling unit in a given sample. This variable is a concatenation of SAMPLE (which uniquely identifies each country- and year-specific sample) and PSU (the numbered primary sampling units within a given sample). IPUMS Unique cross-sample sampling strata Unique cross-sample sampling strata Unique cross-sample sampling strata Unique cross-sample sampling strata Unique cross-sample sampling strata IDHSSTRATA is an identifying number unique to the sampling strata in a given sample. This variable is a concatenation of SAMPLE (which uniquely identifies each country- and year-specific sample) and STRATA (groups of geographically similar areas, from which primary sampling units are drawn). IPUMS Sample-specific respondent identifier Sample-specific respondent identifier Sample-specific respondent identifier Sample-specific respondent identifier Sample-specific respondent identifier MCASEID is the unique identifier for each man in the men's sample for a given sample year. Using MCASEID and CLUSTERNOMN (MV001), analysts can link IPUMS-DHS data to the original DHS datasets to attach variables that are not currently available in IPUMS-DHS. For example, researchers can use MCASEID and CLUSTERNOMN (MV001) to link variables from the IPUMS-DHS with other variables from the men's file to merge country-specific variables, or to the Household or Couples Recode file to attach variables that are not yet part of IPUMS-DHS. In most samples, users can identify men who are in the same household by using the first 12 characters of MCASEID (and CLUSTERNOMN (MV001)), as this indicates a unique household identifier. MCASEID is created by The DHS Program using the variables CLUSTERNOMN (MV001), HHNUMMN (MV002), and LINENOMN (MV003). The last three characters indicate the male respondent's line number in the household file. For instructions on how to create links between IPUMS-DHS data and DHS source data, see the User Note on "Merging IDHS and DHS Data." [URL omitted from DDI.] MCASEID is a 18-character string variable. IPUMS Sample-specific household identifier Sample-specific household identifier Sample-specific household identifier Sample-specific household identifier Sample-specific household identifier HHID is an identifying number unique to each household in a given sample. HHID is a 15-character string variable. IPUMS Sample-specific primary sampling unit Sample-specific primary sampling unit Sample-specific primary sampling unit Sample-specific primary sampling unit Sample-specific primary sampling unit PSUMN (MV021) is the variable indicating the primary sampling unit or PSU, for men's samples. It should be used along with the variable DOMAINMN (MV023) to account for the impact of the sample design clustering on the variance estimates and standard errors. The DHS Recode Manuals for Phase 2 forward describe this variable as follows: Primary sampling unit is a number assigned to sample points to identify the primary sampling units for use in the calculation of sampling errors. This variable is usually the same as the cluster number and/or the ultimate area unit, but may differ if the sample design required a multistage selection process. See the notes on DHS webpage "Using sample weights" [URL omitted from DDI.] on variance estimation for additional information. PSUMN (MV021) is a 6-digit variable. IPUMS Sample-specific sampling strata Sample-specific sampling strata Sample-specific sampling strata Sample-specific sampling strata Sample-specific sampling strata For men's samples, STRATAMN (MV022) defines the pairings or groupings of primary sampling units used in the calculation of sampling errors when using the Taylor series expansion method. In two-stage sampling, The DHS Program may first group small geographic areas, such as enumeration areas from the last census, into broad strata defined jointly by region and urban versus rural areas within a region. In the second stage of sampling, a subset of geographic areas (sample clusters) are selected as the sites for interviewing from within defined strata. STRATAMN is not the same as DOMAINMN (MV023). (Domains represent statistically representative areas for which valid summary statistics can be calculated for a survey, such as provinces and national urban versus rural combined areas, as described in the survey's final report.) The DHS Program recommends using STRATAMN along with the variable PSUMN (MV021) to account for the impact of the sample design clustering on the estimates of variance and standard errors, for men's samples. Users are strongly encouraged to review the FAQ section provided by The DHS Program on specifying stratification and clustering here [URL omitted from DDI.], using Stata or SPSS to account for sample design. STRATAMN (MV022) is a 5-digit variable. IPUMS Sample-specific domain Sample-specific domain Sample-specific domain Sample-specific domain Sample-specific domain 99999 NIU (not in universe) For men's samples, DOMAINMN (MV023) defines the basic geographic units for which the sample was designed to yield representative estimates. The DHS Recode Manual describes DOMAIN as follows: For example, if the sample was designed to be self-weighting within region, this variable would define those regions; if the sample was designed to be self-weighting within major urban areas, other urban areas and rural areas, this variable would define the major urban, other urban and rural areas. If the sample is self-weighted at the national level, this variable is code 0. When national estimates are desired and analyzing men's samples, users should include survey design variables, including DOMAINMN (MV023) and PSUMN (MV021), and the correct sample weights (e.g., PERWEIGHTMN (MV005)) to adjust sampling errors to account for DHS' sample design. In most countries, DOMAIN (or DOMAINMN for men's samples) defines the stratification for the sample (generally either regional or national). However, some countries use two levels of stratification, such as region and urban/rural areas. Users should check for the correct stratification design by consulting the Final Report(s) for the sample(s) of interest (particularly the Introduction and Sample Design sections and Implementation Appendix). IPUMS Household number in cluster Household number in cluster Household number in cluster Household number in cluster Household number in cluster HHNUMMN (MV002) is the number identifying the household in which the male respondent was interviewed, within each men's sample. To identify unique households in most samples, researchers must use HHNUMMN with CLUSTERNOMN (MV001). For most samples, HHNUMMN (MV002) and CLUSTERNOMN (MV001) can be used to merge IPUMS-DHS data from the men's file to DHS Household Recode files, to incorporate household variables not yet available in the IPUMS-DHS. However, in some household files, HHNUM (V002) and CLUSTERNO (V001) do not uniquely identify households in the DHS Household Recode file. For information about the IPUMS-DHS samples where HHNUM and CLUSTERNO are not sufficient to uniquely identify households, and for guidance on what further steps to take for linking files in such cases, please consult the User Note on Linking. [URL omitted from DDI.] HHNUMMN is a 4-digit variable. IPUMS Sample-specific cluster number Sample-specific cluster number Sample-specific cluster number Sample-specific cluster number Sample-specific cluster number CLUSTERNOMN (MV001) reports the cluster number for de facto residence of the man in the men's sample. According to the DHS Sampling Manual, "A cluster is the smallest geographical survey statistical unit for DHS surveys. It consists of a number of adjacent households in a geographical area. For DHS surveys, a cluster corresponds either to an [enumeration area], or a segment of a large [enumeration area]." The most recent census for a country, which divided all territory into enumeration areas to ensure full coverage of the population, often provides the sampling frame for a DHS survey. CLUSTERNOMN is the variable indicating the primary sampling unit or PSU. It should be used along with the variable STRATAMN (MV022) to account for the impact of the sample design clustering on the estimates of variance and standard errors. See the notes on DHS webpage "Use sample weights" [URL omitted from DDI.] on variance estimation for additional information. CLUSTERNOMN (MV001) and HHNUMMN (MV002) can be used to merge the men's sample file to the household recode file. See the DHS webpage Merging Datasets [URL omitted from DDI.] on variables to be used for linking data sets. CLUSTERNOMN is an 8 digit variable. IPUMS Sample-specific ultimate area unit Sample-specific ultimate area unit Sample-specific ultimate area unit Sample-specific ultimate area unit Sample-specific ultimate area unit For men's samples, ULTAREAUNITMN (MV004) reports the ultimate area unit for the man's de facto residence. According to the DHS recode manuals, ULTAREAUNIT is a number assigned to each sample point to identify the ultimate area units in the collection of data. It is usually the same as the cluster number [CLUSTERNO (V001)], but may be a sequentially numbered variable for samples with a more complicated structure. ULTAREAUNITMN can be used to account for the impact of the sampling design clustering on the variance estimates and standard errors. ULTAREAUNITMN (MV004) is a 4-digit variable. IPUMS Household line number of man respondent Household line number of man respondent Household line number of man respondent Household line number of man respondent Household line number of man respondent NAME OF HUSBAND ___ LINE NUMBER OF ELIGIBLE MAN ___ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 LINENOMN (MV003) reports the number of the line on which the DHS interviewer recorded the man's name, when filling out the household schedule. After asking "Please give me the names of the persons who usually live in your household or are staying with you now, starting with the head of the household," the interviewer recorded each name in turn on successively numbered lines printed on the household survey form. IPUMS Respondent's line number (answering Household questionnaire) Respondent's line number (answering Household questionnaire) Respondent's line number (answering Household questionnaire) Respondent's line number (answering Household questionnaire) Respondent's line number (answering Household questionnaire) 1) NUMBER 00 Not in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 98 Missing LINENOHHRESP (HV003) reports the line number in the household schedule of the person responding to the questions asked in the household questionnaire. If nobody in the household was available for the interview, this variable is coded "00." IPUMS Men's sample weight Men's sample weight Men's sample weight Men's sample weight Men's sample weight PERWEIGHTMN (MV005) is an 8-digit variable with 6 implied decimal places, which should be used as a weighting factor to produce representative numbers accurately describing the surveyed population in men's samples. While the DHS Recode Manuals direct the researcher to divide the original weight variable by 1,000,000 before applying the weighting factor to the original DHS data files, it is not necessary to modify the value of PERWEIGHTMN before applying this weight to cases in IPUMS-DHS. PERWEIGHTMN should be used to weight nearly all tabulations made using IPUMS-DHS data from the men's samples. Note: The 6 implied decimal places in PERWEIGHTMN mean that the last six digits of the eight-digit variable are decimal digits, but there is no actual decimal in the data. PERWEIGHTMN is an 8-digit numeric variable with 6 implied decimal places. See the variable description for directions on the use of PERWEIGHTMN. IPUMS Year of interview Year of interview Year of interview Year of interview Year of interview INTERVIEWER VISITS: INTERVIEWER: (REPEAT FOR SECOND AND THIRD INTERVIEWERS) DATE__ DAY__ MONTH__ YEAR__ INTERVIEWER NAME___ RESULTS___ NEXT VISIT [FOR INTERVIEWERS 1 AND 2]: DATE__ TIME__ FINAL VISIT: DAY__ MONTH__ YEAR 19__ INTERVIEWER__ RESULT__ 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 INTYEARMN (MV007) reports the year when the interview with the male respondent took place. The dates reported in INTYEARMN are based on the Gregorian calendar. IPUMS Month of interview Month of interview Month of interview Month of interview Month of interview INTERVIEWER VISITS: INTERVIEWER: (REPEAT FOR SECOND AND THIRD INTERVIEWERS) DATE__ DAY__ MONTH__ YEAR__ INTERVIEWER NAME___ RESULTS___ NEXT VISIT [FOR INTERVIEWERS 1 AND 2]: DATE__ TIME__ FINAL VISIT: DAY__ MONTH__ YEAR 19__ INTERVIEWER__ RESULT__ 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December MONTHINTMN (MV006) reports the month when the interview with the male respondent took place. IPUMS Day of interview Day of interview Day of interview Day of interview Day of interview INTERVIEWER VISITS: INTERVIEWER: (REPEAT FOR SECOND AND THIRD INTERVIEWERS) DATE__ DAY__ MONTH__ YEAR__ INTERVIEWER NAME___ RESULTS___ NEXT VISIT [FOR INTERVIEWERS 1 AND 2]: DATE__ TIME__ FINAL VISIT: DAY__ MONTH__ YEAR 19__ INTERVIEWER__ RESULT__ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 INTDAYMN (MV016) reports the day of the month on which the interview with the male respondent took place. INTDAYMN uses dates expressed in the Gregorian calendar. IPUMS Century month date of interview Century month date of interview Century month date of interview Century month date of interview Century month date of interview INTERVIEWER VISITS: INTERVIEWER: (REPEAT FOR SECOND AND THIRD INTERVIEWERS) DATE__ DAY__ MONTH__ YEAR__ INTERVIEWER NAME___ RESULTS___ NEXT VISIT [FOR INTERVIEWERS 1 AND 2]: DATE__ TIME__ FINAL VISIT: DAY__ MONTH__ YEAR 19__ INTERVIEWER__ RESULT__ INTDATECMCMN (MV008) reports century month code for the date on which the interview with the male respondent took place. Century month codes (CMC) are particularly useful for checking the consistency of dates, calculating intervals between events, and imputing dates when the information for an event is missing or partially complete. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. The year 1900 was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS-relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 is: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed between January 1900 and June 2002. Starting with CMC figures, one can calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC - 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC - ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) The information above is based on "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006). [URL omitted from DDI.]. The century month codes reported in INTDATECMCMN are calculated using the Gregorian calculator. INTDATECMCMN (V008) is a 4-digit variable. IPUMS Century month code (CMC) for start of survey Century month code (CMC) for start of survey Century month code (CMC) for start of survey Century month code (CMC) for start of survey Century month code (CMC) for start of survey 1415 1415 1414 1414 1399 1399 1397 1397 1408 1408 1402 1402 1398 1398 1393 1393 1392 1392 1391 1391 1390 1390 1388 1388 1387 1387 1386 1386 1381 1381 1379 1379 1378 1378 1377 1377 1374 1374 1373 1373 1372 1372 1369 1369 1365 1365 1364 1364 1361 1361 1358 1358 1355 1355 1354 1354 1353 1353 1350 1350 1346 1346 1344 1344 1339 1339 1338 1338 1333 1333 1332 1332 1330 1330 1329 1329 1328 1328 1327 1327 1326 1326 1325 1325 1320 1320 1318 1318 1307 1307 1305 1305 1302 1302 1299 1299 1296 1296 1290 1290 1288 1288 1287 1287 1285 1285 1283 1283 1281 1281 1280 1280 1277 1277 1274 1274 1273 1273 1271 1271 1269 1269 1268 1268 1264 1264 1262 1262 1258 1258 1257 1257 1255 1255 1250 1250 1249 1249 1248 1248 1247 1247 1246 1246 1244 1244 1243 1243 1242 1242 1241 1241 1240 1240 1239 1239 1231 1231 1223 1223 1220 1220 1213 1213 1209 1209 1207 1207 1206 1206 1202 1202 1199 1199 1197 1197 1193 1193 1191 1191 1187 1187 1185 1185 1184 1184 1179 1179 1178 1178 1177 1177 1173 1173 1170 1170 1167 1167 1165 1165 1164 1164 1163 1163 1160 1160 1159 1159 1158 1158 1153 1153 1151 1151 1143 1143 1135 1135 1134 1134 1127 1127 1125 1125 1124 1124 1118 1118 1116 1116 1115 1115 1113 1113 1111 1111 1110 1110 1109 1109 1108 1108 1107 1107 1105 1105 1103 1103 1102 1102 1096 1096 1092 1092 1090 1090 1084 1084 1079 1079 1068 1068 1066 1066 1065 1065 1062 1062 1058 1058 1049 1049 1047 1047 1036 1036 INTSTARTCMC reports the century month code (CMC) for the first month the survey was fielded, according to the DHS Program website. The contextual variables in IPUMS DHS use the month in INTSTARTCMC as the month of the survey start date. The related variable INTENDCMC reports the century month code for the last month the survey was fielded, according to the DHS Program website. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. The year 1900 was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS-relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 is: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed between January 1900 and June 2002. Starting with CMC figures, one can calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC - 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC - ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) The information above is based on "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006). [URL omitted from DDI.]. The century month codes reported in INTSTARTCMC are calculated using the Gregorian calculator. IPUMS Century month code (CMC) for end of survey Century month code (CMC) for end of survey Century month code (CMC) for end of survey Century month code (CMC) for end of survey Century month code (CMC) for end of survey 1418 1418 1417 1417 1403 1403 1420 1420 1039 1039 1051 1051 1052 1052 1062 1062 1066 1066 1069 1069 1070 1070 1073 1073 1085 1085 1090 1090 1092 1092 1097 1097 1101 1101 1105 1105 1107 1107 1108 1108 1109 1109 1110 1110 1114 1114 1115 1115 1118 1118 1119 1119 1124 1124 1125 1125 1126 1126 1130 1130 1131 1131 1139 1139 1148 1148 1153 1153 1157 1157 1158 1158 1160 1160 1163 1163 1165 1165 1167 1167 1168 1168 1171 1171 1174 1174 1176 1176 1182 1182 1183 1183 1185 1185 1187 1187 1190 1190 1191 1191 1193 1193 1195 1195 1199 1199 1200 1200 1203 1203 1204 1204 1205 1205 1207 1207 1208 1208 1211 1211 1212 1212 1215 1215 1217 1217 1218 1218 1223 1223 1229 1229 1233 1233 1242 1242 1244 1244 1245 1245 1246 1246 1247 1247 1249 1249 1250 1250 1251 1251 1253 1253 1256 1256 1261 1261 1262 1262 1265 1265 1266 1266 1267 1267 1268 1268 1272 1272 1274 1274 1275 1275 1276 1276 1277 1277 1280 1280 1282 1282 1283 1283 1284 1284 1286 1286 1287 1287 1292 1292 1294 1294 1295 1295 1300 1300 1302 1302 1306 1306 1307 1307 1310 1310 1316 1316 1320 1320 1321 1321 1325 1325 1331 1331 1333 1333 1335 1335 1336 1336 1337 1337 1338 1338 1340 1340 1343 1343 1344 1344 1347 1347 1349 1349 1350 1350 1354 1354 1356 1356 1358 1358 1360 1360 1362 1362 1365 1365 1367 1367 1370 1370 1372 1372 1374 1374 1378 1378 1379 1379 1380 1380 1384 1384 1390 1390 1392 1392 1394 1394 1398 1398 1399 1399 1402 1402 1404 1404 1405 1405 1406 1406 1416 1416 INTENDCMC reports the century month code (CMC) for the last month the survey was fielded, according to the DHS Program website. The related variable INTSTARTCMC reports the century month code for the first month the survey was fielded, according to the DHS Program website. The contextual variables in IPUMS DHS use the month in INTSTARTCMC as the month of the survey start date. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. The year 1900 was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS-relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 is: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed between January 1900 and June 2002. Starting with CMC figures, one can calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC - 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC - ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) The information above is based on "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006). [URL omitted from DDI.]. The century month codes reported in INTENDCMC are calculated using the Gregorian calculator. IPUMS Time men's interview started (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time men's interview started (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time men's interview started (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time men's interview started (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time men's interview started (hhmm - 24 hour clock) INTSTARTMN (MV801) reports the time of the start of the interview for the men's sample. The first two digits give the time in hours using the 24-hour clock, and the last two digits give the minutes within that hour. For example, a code of "1349" indicates the interview began at 1:49 P.M. IPUMS Time men's interview ended (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time men's interview ended (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time men's interview ended (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time men's interview ended (hhmm - 24 hour clock) Time men's interview ended (hhmm - 24 hour clock) 9998 Missing INTENDMN (MV802) reports the time of the end of the men's interview. The first two digits give the time in hours using the 24-hour clock, and the last two digits give the minutes within that hour. For example, a code of "1349" indicates the interview ended at 1:49 P.M. IPUMS Length of men's interview in minutes Length of men's interview in minutes Length of men's interview in minutes Length of men's interview in minutes Length of men's interview in minutes 00 0 minutes 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95+ 96 2+ Visits 97 Inconsistent 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) INTDURATIONMN (MV803) reports the duration of the interview for the male survey (in minutes). The duration is top-coded at 95 minutes. Interviews that required more than one visit (INTVISITNOMN (MV804) are coded as "96" for "2+ visits." INTDURATIONMN is calculated based on the interview's start and end times in INTSTARTMN (MV801) and INTENDMN (MV802). IPUMS Result of men's interview Result of men's interview Result of men's interview Result of men's interview Result of men's interview INTERVIEWER VISITS: INTERVIEWER: (REPEAT FOR SECOND AND THIRD INTERVIEWERS) DATE__ DAY__ MONTH__ YEAR__ INTERVIEWER NAME___ RESULTS___ NEXT VISIT [FOR INTERVIEWERS 1 AND 2]: DATE__ TIME__ FINAL VISIT: DAY__ MONTH__ YEAR 19__ INTERVIEWER__ RESULT__ 1 Completed 2 Not at home 3 Postponed 4 Refused 5 Partly completed 6 Incapacitated 7 Other INTRESULTMN (MV015) reports the result of the interview for the men's sample. Code 1 represents a completed interview. Only completed interview cases are included in the DHS men's sample files, which provide the source material for men as a unit of analysis in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Number of visits for male interviews Number of visits for male interviews Number of visits for male interviews Number of visits for male interviews Number of visits for male interviews TOTAL NUMBER OF VISITS ___ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 98 Missing VISITNOMN (MV017) reports the number of visits by an interviewer required to complete the interview for the men's survey. IPUMS Identification number of interviewer, men's survey Identification number of interviewer, men's survey Identification number of interviewer, men's survey Identification number of interviewer, men's survey Identification number of interviewer, men's survey INTERVIEWER VISITS: INTERVIEWER: (REPEAT FOR SECOND AND THIRD INTERVIEWERS) DATE__ DAY__ MONTH__ YEAR__ INTERVIEWER NAME___ RESULTS___ NEXT VISIT [FOR INTERVIEWERS 1 AND 2]: DATE__ TIME__ FINAL VISIT: DAY__ MONTH__ YEAR 19__ INTERVIEWER__ RESULT__ 99998 Missing INTERVIEWERIDMR (MV028) reports the interviewer identification code for the interviewer conducting the interviews for a men's survey. Codes are country- and sample-specific; a given numeric code in one survey refers to a different person than the same numeric code in another survey. Numbering of interviewer codes is not necessarily consecutive; some surveys use "0" as an identification code, for example, while others begin with a 3-digit number. Using the interviewer identification codes, researchers can evaluate whether the quality of responses (e.g., the number of "missing" cases) depended on the person conducting the interview. IPUMS Type of place of residence Type of place of residence Type of place of residence Type of place of residence Type of place of residence 1 Urban 2 Rural For men's samples, URBANMN (MV025) indicates whether the man's de facto residence was in an urban or rural location. The definition of urban varies across countries. See Comparability. IPUMS De facto place of residence De facto place of residence De facto place of residence De facto place of residence De facto place of residence 10 City 11 Capital or other large city 12 Small city 20 Town or countryside 21 Town 22 Countryside DEFACTORESMN (MV026) reports the type of place--city, town, or countryside--where the man was interviewed. IPUMS Niger regions, 1992-2012 [integrated; GIS] Niger regions, 1992-2012 [integrated; GIS] Niger regions, 1992-2012 [integrated; GIS] Niger regions, 1992-2012 [integrated; GIS] Niger regions, 1992-2012 [integrated; GIS] 1 Tahoua/Agadez 2 Zinder/Diffa 3 Dossa 4 Maradi 5 Tillaberi 6 Niamey GEO_ NE1992_2012 indicates the region of Niger where the respondent was interviewed. The variable is integrated to yield units with consistent boundaries across samples. Labels identify the modern geographic units (regions) contained in each integrated region. Each sample also has its own non-integrated geography variable. The 1992, 2006, and 2012 samples have greater geographic detail available in their sample-specific variables. An integrated GIS map (in shapefile format) for Niger can be downloaded here [URL omitted from DDI.]. IPUMS Niger regions, 1992 [GIS] Niger regions, 1992 [GIS] Niger regions, 1992 [GIS] Niger regions, 1992 [GIS] Niger regions, 1992 [GIS] 1 Niamey 2 Agadez 3 Diffa 4 Dossa 5 Maradi 6 Tahoua 7 Tillaberi 8 Zinder GEO_NE1992 (V101_NE1992) indicates the region of Niger where the respondent was interviewed. DHS units in the 1992 Niger survey are equivalent to grouped regions. Other sample years have their own sample-specific geography variables. There is also an integrated variable, GEO_NE1992_2012, that provides spatially consistent units over time. A GIS map for GEO_NE1992 (in shapefile format) can be downloaded from the DHS Program Spatial Data Repository [URL omitted from DDI.] Boundaries page. IPUMS Usual resident or visitor Usual resident or visitor Usual resident or visitor Usual resident or visitor Usual resident or visitor 4) RESIDENCE: Does (NAME) normally live here? YES 1 NO 2 1 Usual resident 2 Visitor 8 Missing RESIDENTMN (MV135) indicates whether the man, in a men's sample, was a usual resident of the household or was just visiting there. As defined by the RESIDENTMN variable, a visitor could potentially reside in the city, town, or village where the interview took place but would have answered "No" to the question, "Does (NAME) usually live here [in this dwelling unit]?" on the household questionnaire. IPUMS Age Age Age Age Age 103) How old were you at your last birthday? COMPARE AND CORRECT IF 102 AND 103 ARE INCOMPATIBLE. AGE IN COMPLETED YEARS: ___ 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95 96 96 97 97+ 98 Missing AGEMN (MV012) reports the man's age. DHS surveys collect information about the man's age through questions about age at last birthday and date of birth. DHS Recode Manuals provide the following information about how the AGE variable is calculated: Current age in completed years is calculated from the century month code of the date of birth of the respondent (MV011) and the century month code of the date of interview (MV008). In a few cases the age in the data file will be different from that reported by the respondent when the respondent's birthday was in the month of interview, but he had not yet had his birthday. If the respondent correctly reported his age at his last birthday (and not his age at his next birthday) then the calculated age was rounded up from the reported age, to avoid inconsistencies between the age and the century month code for the birth. IPUMS Age in 5-year groups Age in 5-year groups Age in 5-year groups Age in 5-year groups Age in 5-year groups 01 15-19 02 20-24 03 25-29 04 30-34 05 35-39 06 40-44 07 45-49 08 50-54 09 55-59 10 60+ 11 60-64 12 65+ AGE5YEARMN (MV013) reports the man's age in 5-year age groups, based on data from the AGEMN (MV012) variable. The age range of men interviewed varies across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Man's month of birth Man's month of birth Man's month of birth Man's month of birth Man's month of birth 102) In what month and year were you born? MONTH: ___ DON'T KNOW MONTH 98 YEAR: ___ DON'T KNOW YEAR 98 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 98 Missing BIRTHMOMN (MV009) reports the man's month of birth, according to the Gregorian calendar. IPUMS Man's year of birth Man's year of birth Man's year of birth Man's year of birth Man's year of birth 102) In what month and year were you born? MONTH: ___ DON'T KNOW MONTH 98 YEAR: ___ DON'T KNOW YEAR 98 1899 1899 or earlier 1900 1900 1901 1901 1902 1902 1903 1903 1904 1904 1905 1905 1906 1906 1907 1907 1908 1908 1909 1909 1910 1910 1911 1911 1912 1912 1913 1913 1914 1914 1915 1915 1916 1916 1917 1917 1918 1918 1919 1919 1920 1920 1921 1921 1922 1922 1923 1923 1924 1924 1925 1925 1926 1926 1927 1927 1928 1928 1929 1929 1930 1930 1931 1931 1932 1932 1933 1933 1934 1934 1935 1935 1936 1936 1937 1937 1938 1938 1939 1939 1940 1940 1941 1941 1942 1942 1943 1943 1944 1944 1945 1945 1946 1946 1947 1947 1948 1948 1949 1949 1950 1950 1951 1951 1952 1952 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 9997 Don't know 9998 Missing BIRTHYEARMN (MV010) reports the man's year of birth, according to the Gregorian calendar. IPUMS Man's date of birth (century month code) Man's date of birth (century month code) Man's date of birth (century month code) Man's date of birth (century month code) Man's date of birth (century month code) 102) In what month and year were you born? MONTH: ___ DON'T KNOW MONTH 98 YEAR: ___ DON'T KNOW YEAR 98 DOBCMCMN (MV011) reports the century month code (CMC) for the man's date of birth. Century month codes (CMC) are particularly useful for checking the consistency of dates, calculating intervals between events, and imputing dates when the information for an event is missing or partially complete. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. The year 1900 was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS-relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 is: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed between January 1900 and June 2002. Starting with CMC figures, one can calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC - 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC - ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) The information above is based on "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006) [URL omitted from DDI.]. IPUMS Information given on respondent's date of birth Information given on respondent's date of birth Information given on respondent's date of birth Information given on respondent's date of birth Information given on respondent's date of birth 1 Month and year 2 Month and year, year imputed 3 Year and age, month imputed 4 Year and age, year ignored 5 Year only, age and month imputed 6 Age only, year and month imputed 7 Month only, age and year imputed 8 None reported, all imputed DOBINFORESPMN (MV014) reports the completeness of information about the male respondent's age and date of birth. A code of 0 indicates the month and the year were reported, and no data were imputed. IPUMS Man's relationship to HH head Man's relationship to HH head Man's relationship to HH head Man's relationship to HH head Man's relationship to HH head 010 Head 020 Husband 030 Son 040 Son-in-law 050 Grandson 060 Father 070 Father-in-law 080 Brother 090 Adopted/foster son/stepson 100 Other relative 110 Nephew 111 Nephew by blood 112 Nephew by marriage 120 Brother-in-law 130 Uncle 200 Not related 210 Domestic servant 211 Herdboy 997 Don't know 998 Missing RELATEMN (MV150) reports the man's relationship to the head of the household, based on a question in the household questionnaire. IPUMS Religion Religion Religion Religion Religion 108) What is your religion? MUSLIM 1 CHRISTIAN 2 ANIMIST 3 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 4 0000 NO RELIGION 1000 MUSLIM 2000 CHRISTIAN 2100 Catholic 2200 Orthodox 2300 Protestant 2310 Lutheran 2320 Anglican 2330 Presbyterian 2340 Baptist/Seventh-day Adventist 2341 Baptist 2342 Seventh-day Adventist 2350 Apostolic 2360 Salvation Army 2370 Methodist 2380 Pentacostal-based 2381 Pentacostal 2382 Celestial Church of Christ 2383 Universal 2384 Assemblies of God 2390 Other Protestant 2391 Evangelical 2392 Lesotho Evangelical Church 2393 Kimbanguist (Congo, Democratic Republic) 2400 Nontrinitarian 2410 Jehovah's Witness 2900 Other Christian, country-specific 2901 African Zionist (Mozambique) 2902 Mammon (Uganda) 3000 BUDDHIST/NEO-BUDDHIST 3100 Buddhist 4000 HINDU 5000 JEWISH 6000 TRADITIONAL/SPIRITUAL/ANIMIST 6100 Traditional 6200 Spiritual 6300 Animist 6400 Specified Traditional 6401 Donyi-Polo 6402 Sanamahi 6403 Vodun 7000 OTHER (SPECIFIED) 7100 Bahá'í 7200 Sikh 7300 Zoroastrian 7400 Jain 7900 Country-specific other 7901 Sect (Burundi) 7902 Bundu dia Kongo (Congo, Democratic Republic) 7903 Vuvamu (Congo, Democratic Republic) 7904 Kirat Mundhum (Nepal) 9000 OTHER 9001 Religion 1 9002 Religion 2 9003 Religion 3 9004 Religion 4 9998 Missing RELIGIONMN (MV130) reports the man's religion. While the categories and codes for the religion variable in the original DHS files are country-specific, IPUMS-DHS uses a 4-digit composite coding system to fit these diverse categories into a single variable without losing information. See Comparability. IPUMS Ethnicity, Niger Ethnicity, Niger Ethnicity, Niger Ethnicity, Niger Ethnicity, Niger 110) What is your ethnicity? ARABE 01 DJERMA 02 GOURMANTH 03 HAUSSA 04 KAMOURI 05 MOSSI 06 PEULH 07 TOUAREG BELLA 08 TOUBOU 09 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 10 01 Arab 02 Djerma 03 Gourmanthe 04 Haoussa 05 Kanouri 06 Peulh 07 Toureg 08 Toubou 10 Other 11 Mossi 12 Other, non-Niger 98 Missing ETHNICITYMN_NE (MV131NE) is a variable specific to Niger that reports responses to a question about the man's ethnicity. The groups identified vary across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Man's current marital or union status Man's current marital or union status Man's current marital or union status Man's current marital or union status Man's current marital or union status 00 Never married 10 Married or living together 11 Married 12 Living together 20 Formerly in union 21 Widowed 22 Divorced 23 Separated/not living together 98 Missing MARSTATMN (MV501) reports the man's current marital status. Response categories and question wording vary across surveys. See Comparability. IPUMS Man never, currently, or formerly married/in union Man never, currently, or formerly married/in union Man never, currently, or formerly married/in union Man never, currently, or formerly married/in union Man never, currently, or formerly married/in union Never married 1 Currently married 2 Formerly married 8 Missing CURRMARRMN (MV502) reports the man's marital/union status as "Never married," "Currently married," or "Formerly married." "Never married" includes men who have never lived with a partner. "Currently married" includes men who are married and those who are not formally married but are living with a partner. "Formerly married" includes men who are widowed, divorced, or separated, or who have formerly lived with a partner. For samples restricted to ever-married men, only men who are formally married (not cohabiting) are included as "married." IPUMS Number of current wives/partners Number of current wives/partners Number of current wives/partners Number of current wives/partners Number of current wives/partners 111) Now I'd like to ask you some questions about marriage: How many spouses/wives do you currently have? NUMBER: ___ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 95 More than one wife/partner, number unspecified 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For men who are currently married or living with a woman, WIFENUMMN (MV505) reports the number of wives (or co-resident partners) he has. Question wording varied across samples. See Comparability. IPUMS Month of first marriage or cohabitation Month of first marriage or cohabitation Month of first marriage or cohabitation Month of first marriage or cohabitation Month of first marriage or cohabitation 113) In what month and year did you get married or start to live together with a woman for the first time? MONTH: ___ DON'T KNOW MONTH 98 YEAR: ___ DON'T KNOW YEAR 98 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December 99 NIU (not in universe) For men who have ever been married or lived with a woman, MAR1STMOMN (MV507) reports the month of their first marriage or (for most samples) unmarried cohabitation. The year of the man's first marriage/union is reported in MAR1STYRMN (MV508). IPUMS Year of first marriage or cohabitation Year of first marriage or cohabitation Year of first marriage or cohabitation Year of first marriage or cohabitation Year of first marriage or cohabitation 113) In what month and year did you get married or start to live together with a woman for the first time? MONTH: ___ DON'T KNOW MONTH 98 YEAR: ___ DON'T KNOW YEAR 98 1922 1922 1923 1923 1924 1924 1925 1925 1926 1926 1927 1927 1928 1928 1929 1929 1930 1930 1931 1931 1932 1932 1933 1933 1934 1934 1935 1935 1936 1936 1937 1937 1938 1938 1939 1939 1940 1940 1941 1941 1942 1942 1943 1943 1944 1944 1945 1945 1946 1946 1947 1947 1948 1948 1949 1949 1950 1950 1951 1951 1952 1952 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1959 1959 1960 1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1963 1963 1964 1964 1965 1965 1966 1966 1967 1967 1968 1968 1969 1969 1970 1970 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975 1975 1976 1976 1977 1977 1978 1978 1979 1979 1980 1980 1981 1981 1982 1982 1983 1983 1984 1984 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 9999 NIU (not in universe) For men who have ever been married or lived with a woman, MAR1STYRMN (MV508) reports the year of their first marriage or (for most samples) unmarried cohabitation. The month of the man's first marriage/union is reported in MAR1STMOMN (MV507). IPUMS Date of first marriage or cohabitation (CMC) Date of first marriage or cohabitation (CMC) Date of first marriage or cohabitation (CMC) Date of first marriage or cohabitation (CMC) Date of first marriage or cohabitation (CMC) 113) In what month and year did you get married or start to live together with a woman for the first time? MONTH: ___ DON'T KNOW MONTH 98 YEAR: ___ DON'T KNOW YEAR 98 9999 NIU (not in universe) MAR1STCMCMN (MV509) reports the century month code (CMC) for the date of the man's first marriage or cohabitation. Century month codes (CMC) are particularly useful for checking the consistency of dates, calculating intervals between events, and imputing dates when the information for an event is missing or partially complete. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. The year 1900 was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS-relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 is: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed between January 1900 and June 2002. Starting with CMC figures, one can calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC - 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC - ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) The information above is based on "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" [URL omitted from DDI.] (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006). IPUMS Completeness of information, date of first marriage/union Completeness of information, date of first marriage/union Completeness of information, date of first marriage/union Completeness of information, date of first marriage/union Completeness of information, date of first marriage/union 113) In what month and year did you get married or start to live together with a woman for the first time? MONTH: ___ DON'T KNOW MONTH 98 YEAR: ___ DON'T KNOW YEAR 98 1 Month and year reported 2 Month and age reported, year imputed 3 Year and age reported, month imputed 4 Year reported, age and month imputed 5 Age reported, year and month imputed 6 Month reported, age and year imputed 7 Year and age reported, year ignored 8 All values imputed 9 NIU (not in universe) MAR1STDATINFOMN (MV510) reports the completeness of information for the date of the man's first marriage or cohabitation. See Comparability. IPUMS Age at first marriage or cohabitation Age at first marriage or cohabitation Age at first marriage or cohabitation Age at first marriage or cohabitation Age at first marriage or cohabitation 114) How old were you when you got married or started to live together with a woman for the first time? AGE IN COMPLETED YEARS: ___ DON'T KNOW AGE 98 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 96 Marriage not consummated 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) AGE1STMARMN (MV511) reports the man's age at the start of his first marriage or union. This usually refers to when the man first started to live with his first wife or partner. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, "Age at start of first marriage or union is calculated from the century month code of the date of start of first marriage or union and the century month code of the date of birth of the respondent." IPUMS Years since starting date of first marriage/cohabitation Years since starting date of first marriage/cohabitation Years since starting date of first marriage/cohabitation Years since starting date of first marriage/cohabitation Years since starting date of first marriage/cohabitation 113) In what month and year did you get married or start to live together with a woman for the first time? MONTH: ___ DON'T KNOW MONTH 98 YEAR: ___ DON'T KNOW YEAR 98 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 96 Inconsistent 97 Don’t know 99 NIU (not in universe) For men who have ever been married or lived with a woman, YRSTO1STMARMN (MV512) reports the number of years from the start of the man's first marriage/union to the date of the survey interview. The calculation is made using century month codes for both dates. For the month and year of first marriage/union, see MAR1STMOMN (MV507) and MAR1STYRMN (MV508) respectively. IPUMS Years since date of 1st marriage or cohabitation (grouped) Years since date of 1st marriage or cohabitation (grouped) Years since date of 1st marriage or cohabitation (grouped) Years since date of 1st marriage or cohabitation (grouped) Years since date of 1st marriage or cohabitation (grouped) 113) In what month and year did you get married or start to live together with a woman for the first time? MONTH: ___ DON'T KNOW MONTH 98 YEAR: ___ DON'T KNOW YEAR 98 Never married 1 0 to 4 2 5 to 9 3 10 to 14 4 15 to 19 5 20 to 24 6 25 to 29 7 30+ DURMARGRPMN (MV513) reports the number of years elapsed since the man's first marriage or cohabiting union until the date of the survey interview, in five-year groups. The duration is reported irrespective of whether the respondent is still married or in a union with his first partner. IPUMS Number of wives/partners in man's household Number of wives/partners in man's household Number of wives/partners in man's household Number of wives/partners in man's household Number of wives/partners in man's household 111) Now I'd like to ask you some questions about marriage: How many spouses/wives do you currently have? NUMBER: ___ 00 No wives or partners 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 98 Missing WIFEPARNUM (MV035) reports the number of wives or co-resident partners the man has for whom household line numbers are available or who are coded as "Not in household" (LINENOWIFE_ALL (MV034_x). The related variable WIFENUMMN (MV505) reports the number of wives or partners the man currently has. IPUMS Line number(s) of man's wives/partners in HH Line number(s) of man's wives/partners in HH Line number(s) of man's wives/partners in HH Line number(s) of man's wives/partners in HH Line number(s) of man's wives/partners in HH 1 LINENOWIFE_ALL available LINENOWIFE_ALL (MV034_x) reports the line number of the man's wives/partners. These variables can be used, in conjunction with HHID to match the men - s data with the women - s data, to allow for the analysis of couples. A value of "0" means the wife was not listed as a member of the household. LINENOWIFE_ALL consists of a set of eight separate variables, covering the man's first wife/partner (LINENOWIFE_01) up to his eighth wife/partner (LINENOWIFE_08). If LINENOWIFE_ALL is included in a data extract, all these separate variables are included in a researcher's data file. Information for this variable was collected on all of the man's wives/partners, up to a maximum of eight. In many cases, data were hypothetically collected on up to eight wives/partners, but no men in the survey had so many wives/partners (e.g., no man had seven or eight wives/partners). If, for example, no man in a survey had eight wives/partners and only blank values were included in the original DHS file, then LINENOWIFE_08 would not be available for that survey in IPUMS-DHS. IPUMS Line number of man's 1st wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 1st wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 1st wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 1st wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 1st wife/partner in HH 00 Wife not in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Line number of man's 2nd wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 2nd wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 2nd wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 2nd wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 2nd wife/partner in HH 00 Wife not in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Line number of man's 3rd wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 3rd wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 3rd wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 3rd wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 3rd wife/partner in HH 00 Wife not in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Line number of man's 4th wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 4th wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 4th wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 4th wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 4th wife/partner in HH 00 Wife not in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Line number of man's 5th wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 5th wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 5th wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 5th wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 5th wife/partner in HH 00 Wife not in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Line number of man's 6th wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 6th wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 6th wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 6th wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 6th wife/partner in HH 00 Wife not in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Line number of man's 7th wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 7th wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 7th wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 7th wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 7th wife/partner in HH 00 Wife not in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Line number of man's 8th wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 8th wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 8th wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 8th wife/partner in HH Line number of man's 8th wife/partner in HH 00 Wife not in household 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IPUMS Number of living biological children of male respondent Number of living biological children of male respondent Number of living biological children of male respondent Number of living biological children of male respondent Number of living biological children of male respondent 302) How many boys do you have? How many girls do you have? BOYS: ___ GIRLS: ___ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) CHEBALIVEMN (MV218) reports the total number of surviving biological children fathered by the male respondent. The number reported in CHEBALIVEMN (MV218) is the sum of a series of variables reporting the total number of sons and daughters who are living at home and who are living away from home (MV202 to MV205 - SONSATHOMEMN, DAUSATHOMEMN, SONSAWAYHOMEMN, and DAUSAWAYHOMEMN). The related variable CHEBMN (MV201) reports the total number of children ever fathered by the male respondent, regardless of survival status. IPUMS Total number of household members Total number of household members Total number of household members Total number of household members Total number of household members TOTAL NUMBER OF RESIDENTS IN HOUSEHOLD ___ TOTAL NUMBER OF NON-HABITUAL RESIDENTS ___ TOTAL NUMBER OF ELIGIBLE WOMEN ___ TOTAL NUMBER OF ELIGIBLE HUSBANDS ___ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 HHMEMTOTALMN (MV136) reports the total number of members of the male respondent's household. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, HHMEMTOTALMN is calculated by summing "the number of usual residents and the number of visitors who slept in the house the previous night that were listed in the household schedule." "Usual residents" of the household are identified by the RESIDENTMN variable when men are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Number of eligible men in household (de facto) Number of eligible men in household (de facto) Number of eligible men in household (de facto) Number of eligible men in household (de facto) Number of eligible men in household (de facto) TOTAL NUMBER OF RESIDENTS IN HOUSEHOLD ___ TOTAL NUMBER OF NON-HABITUAL RESIDENTS ___ TOTAL NUMBER OF ELIGIBLE WOMEN ___ TOTAL NUMBER OF ELIGIBLE HUSBANDS ___ 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 HHELIGMENMN (MV138) reports the number of eligible men in the household, usually defined as males over age 15 who slept in the household the previous night (regardless of whether they were usual residents or visitors). The age and marital status guidelines for defining eligible men varies across samples. See the Universe tab for samples of interest. IPUMS Age of household head Age of household head Age of household head Age of household head Age of household head 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing HHEADAGEMN (MV152) reports the age of the head of the household. IPUMS Age of household head (from HH record) Age of household head (from HH record) Age of household head (from HH record) Age of household head (from HH record) Age of household head (from HH record) 7) AGE: How old is (NAME)? NOTE '97' FOR 97 AND OLDER. AGE: ___ 98 Missing 96 Non-resident 95 95+ 94 94 93 93 92 92 91 91 90 90 89 89 88 88 87 87 86 86 85 85 84 84 83 83 82 82 81 81 80 80 79 79 78 78 77 77 76 76 75 75 74 74 73 73 72 72 71 71 70 70 69 69 68 68 67 67 66 66 65 65 64 64 63 63 62 62 61 61 60 60 59 59 58 58 57 57 56 56 55 55 54 54 53 53 52 52 51 51 50 50 49 49 48 48 47 47 46 46 45 45 44 44 43 43 42 42 41 41 40 40 39 39 38 38 37 37 36 36 35 35 34 34 33 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 99 NIU (not in universe) 01 1 97 Don't know HHEADAGEHH (HV220) reports the age of the head of the household. The information in HHEADAGEHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Sex of household head Sex of household head Sex of household head Sex of household head Sex of household head 1 Male 2 Female 8 Missing HHEADSEXMN (MV151) reports the sex of the head of the household. IPUMS Sex of household head (from hh record) Sex of household head (from hh record) Sex of household head (from hh record) Sex of household head (from hh record) Sex of household head (from hh record) 6) SEX: Is (NAME) male or female? MALE 1 FEMALE 2 1 Male 2 Female 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HHEADSEXHH (HV219) reports the sex of the head of the household. The information in HHEADSEXHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Relationship structure in HH Relationship structure in HH Relationship structure in HH Relationship structure in HH Relationship structure in HH 1) NUMBER 8 Missing 6 Non-resident 5 Unrelated adults 4 Three plus related adults 3 Two adults, same sex 2 Two adults, opp sex 1 One adult No adults 9 NIU (not in universe) FAMSTRUCTR (HV217) indicates the relationship structure (no adults, one adult, two related adults of the opposite sex, two related adults of the same sex, three or more related adults, or unrelated adults) in the household. Only usual (de jure) household members aged 15 and over are considered in determining the household's relationship structure. FAMSTRUCTR is a constructed variable, based on information about each household member's age, sex, and relationship to the householder, which was collected when completing the listing of persons in the household at the time of the survey. The information in FAMSTRUCTR is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Number of rooms in HH used for sleeping Number of rooms in HH used for sleeping Number of rooms in HH used for sleeping Number of rooms in HH used for sleeping Number of rooms in HH used for sleeping 24) In your household, how many rooms do you use for sleeping? ROOMS: ___ 98 Missing 97 Don't know 35 35+ 34 34 33 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 01 1 00 96 Non-resident 99 NIU (not in universe) SLEEPROOMS (HV216) reports the number of rooms in the household used for sleeping. IPUMS Main material of floor Main material of floor Main material of floor Main material of floor Main material of floor 25) PRINCIPLE FLOORING MATERIAL. RECORD OBSERVATION. NATURAL FLOOR EARTH/SAND 11 FINISHED FLOOR PARQUET OR POLISHED WOOD 31 VINYL STRIPS 32 TILE 33 CEMENT 34 RUG 35 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 41 116 Mud and hay 999 NIU (not in universe) 391 Plaster 996 Non-resident 100 NATURAL 110 Earth-based 111 Earth, sand 112 Earth, mud 113 Earth, mud, clay 114 Sand 115 Dirt/Earth 120 Dung-based 121 Dung 122 Earth and dung 123 Mud, dung, sand 200 RUDIMENTARY 210 Wood 211 Wood planks 212 Wood and tile 213 Wood/palm/bamboo 220 Palm/bamboo 221 Palm/bamboo/leaves 230 Other rudimentary 231 Broken bricks 232 Adobe 233 Unfinished stone 300 FINISHED 310 Parquet/polished wood 311 Polished wood/vinyl/tiles 320 Vinyl/asphalt strips/linoleum 321 Linoleum 330 Tiles/mosaic 331 Ceramic tiles 332 Cement tiles 333 Ceramic/terrazo tiles 334 Ceramic/marble tiles 335 Tiles/brick 340 Cement/concrete 350 Carpet 360 Terrazzo 370 Stone 380 Bricks 390 Other finished 400 OTHER 997 Don't know 998 Missing 322 Vinyl 351 Mat FLOOR (HV213) reports the main material of the floor of the dwelling. Response categories vary widely across surveys but fall into broad groups (i.e., natural materials, rudimentary processed materials, and finished materials). See Comparability. IPUMS Main material of roof Main material of roof Main material of roof Main material of roof Main material of roof 26) MAIN ROOF MATERIAL. RECORD OBSERVATION. CONCRETE 01 SHEET METAL 02 BANCO [TRANSLATOR NOTE: A TYPE OF MUDBRICK OR ADOBE SPECIFIC TO WEST AFRICA] 03 STRAW 04 CANVAS 05 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 06 126 Mud and hay 118 Sticks/sticks with mud or dung 333 Reinforced brick cement 996 Non-resident 000 No roof 100 NATURAL 110 Thatch/palm leaf/grass/makuti 111 Thatch/palm leaf 112 Grass, thatch 113 Grass, thatch, makuti 114 Thatch 115 Thatch/mat/leaves 116 Leaves 117 Grass/leaves/mud 120 Earth 121 Mud 122 Dung, mud 123 Earth, mud 124 Sod 125 Sod/mud and grass mixture 130 Straw 200 RUDIMENTARY 210 Rustic mat 211 Rustic mat, plastic sheets 220 Plastic/polythene sheet 230 Palm/bamboo 231 Palm, bamboo, grass 232 Reed, bamboo 240 Wood planks 241 Wooden tiles, planks 242 Wood, mulch 250 Cardboard 260 Rudimentary - metal 261 Tin cans 262 Iron sheets 270 Other rudimentary 271 Mobile roofs of nomads 272 Skin 300 FINISHED 310 Metal 311 Metal, zinc 312 Corrugated metal sheet, asbestos 313 Corrugated iron 314 Tin 315 Asbetos 320 Wood 330 Cement/concrete 331 Cement 332 Concrete 340 Tiles 341 Ceramic tiles 342 Iron and tiles 343 Tiles/slate 344 Mud tiles 345 Ceramic tiles, harvey (steel) tiles 350 Cement fiber 351 Calamine/cement fiber 352 Asbestos, cement fiber 353 Zinc/cement fiber 360 Roofing shingles 370 Bricks 371 Unburnt bricks 372 Burnt brick 380 Stone 381 Loosely packed stone 382 Stone slabs 383 Slate 400 OTHER 998 Missing 273 Waste materials 999 NIU (not in universe) ROOF (HV215) reports the main material of the roof of the dwelling. Response categories vary widely across surveys but fall into broad groups (i.e., natural materials, rudimentary processed materials, and finished materials). See Comparability. IPUMS Dwelling has electricity (from hh record) Dwelling has electricity (from hh record) Dwelling has electricity (from hh record) Dwelling has electricity (from hh record) Dwelling has electricity (from hh record) 23 In your residence, do you have: Electricity? A radio? A television? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ELECTRCHH (HV206) indicates whether the household has electricity. Samples vary in how that information was collected. The information in ELECTRCHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Type of toilet facility Type of toilet facility Type of toilet facility Type of toilet facility Type of toilet facility 22) What kind of toilet is there in your household? FLUSH TOILET OWN FLUSH TOILET 11 SHARED FLUSH TOILET 12 PUBLIC FLUSH TOILET 13 PIT TOILET OR LATRINE TRADITIONAL PIT TOILET 21 VENTILATED IMPROVED PIT (VIP) OR LATRINES 22 NO FACILITY/BRUSH/FIELD 31 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 41 3431 Pit latrine with ventilation pipe, no mesh 9996 Non-resident 0000 NO FACILITY 1000 FLUSH TOILET 1100 Unspecified type of flush toilet 1110 Own flush toilet (unspecified type) 1120 Shared flush toilet (unspecified type) 1200 Modern flush toilet 1210 Flush to piped sewer system 1300 Traditional with tank flush 1400 Bucket flush toilet 1410 Flush to pit latrine 1420 Flush to somewhere else 1430 Flush, don't know where 2000 NON-FLUSHING TOILET 2100 Composting toilet 2200 Dry toilet 2300 Ecosan toilet 3000 PIT TOILET LATRINE 3100 Unspecified type of pit latrine 3110 Own pit toilet or latrine (unspecified type) 3120 Shared pit toiletor latrine (unspecified type) 3121 Public pit toilet or latrine (unspecified type) 3200 Traditional pit toilet or latrine 3210 Pit latrine without slab or open pit 3300 Pit latrine with slab 3400 Ventilated improved pit latrine 3410 Covered pit latrine, no slab 3420 Covered pit latrine with slab 3430 Covered latrine 3440 Septic pit 4000 UNIMPROVED TOILET 4100 Bucket toilet 4200 River 4300 Hanging latrine over water source 5000 OTHER 9998 Missing 1112 Private flush toilet, outside residence 1211 Flush to piped sewer system, indoors 1212 Flush to piped sewer system, inside yard 1213 Flush to piped sewer system, out of yard 3310 Pit latrine with washable slab 3320 Pit latrine with non-washable slab 3490 Other improved system 3463 Latrine to piped public system, out of yard 3462 Latrine to piped public system, inside yard 3461 Latrine to piped public system, indoors 3443 Latrine to septic tank, out of yard 3442 Latrine to septic tank, inside yard 3441 Latrine to septic tank, indoors 3212 Open pit latrine, out of yard 3211 Open pit latrine, inside yard 1253 Flush to septic tank, out of yard 1252 Flush to septic tank, inside yard 1251 Flush to septic tank, indoors 1250 Flush to septic tank 1240 Flush, not to sewer 1233 Flush to ground water, out of yard 1232 Flush to ground water, inside yard 1231 Flush to ground water, indoors 3450 Latrine with manual flush 3460 Latrine to piped public system 9999 NIU (not in universe) 1230 Flush to pipe connected to ground water 1220 Flush to pipe connected to canal 1132 Public flush toilet, outside residence 1131 Public flush toilet, inside residence 1130 Public flush toilet (unspecified type) 1111 Private flush toilet, inside residence TOILETTYPE (HV205) reports the household's type of toilet facility, with no facility coded "0." Responses vary widely across surveys; see Comparability. The information in TOILETTYPE is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Major source of non-drinking water Major source of non-drinking water Major source of non-drinking water Major source of non-drinking water Major source of non-drinking water 18) Where does the water your household uses for hand and dishwashing come from? PIPED WATER PIPED INTO THE RESIDENCE/YARD/PLOT 11 (GO TO 20) PUBLIC TAP 12 WELL WATER WELL IN THE RESIDENCE/YARD/PLOT 21 (GO TO 20) PUBLIC WELL OR BOREHOLE 22 SURFACE WATER SPRING 31 RIVER OR STREAM 32 POND/LAKE 33 DAM 34 RAINWATER 41 (GO TO 20) WATER VENDOR 51 BOTTLED WATER 61 (GO TO 20) OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 71 9996 Non-resident 1000 PIPED WATER 1100 Piped into own dwelling/yard/plot 1110 Piped into own dwelling 1120 Piped into own yard/plot 1200 Piped outside own residence/plot 1210 Public tap/standpipe 1220 Piped into neighbor's dwelling/yard 2000 WELL WATER 2100 Unprotected/open well 2110 Open well in own dwelling/yard/plot 2111 Open well in own dwelling 2112 Open well in own yard/plot 2120 Open public well 2130 Open well in neighbor's residence 2200 Protected well 2210 Protected well in own dwelling/yard/plot 2211 Protected well in own dwelling 2212 Protected well in own yard/plot 2220 Protected public well 2230 Tube well or borehole 2231 Borehole in yard/plot 2232 Public borehole 2300 Unspecified well 2310 Unspecified well in residence/yard/plot 2311 Unspecified well in own dwelling 2312 Unspecified well in own yard/plot 2313 Handpump in yard/plot 2320 Unspecified public well 2321 Public shallow well 2322 Public traditional well 2323 Public handpump 2330 Unspecified neighbor's well 2340 Unspecified well by type 2341 Well with pump 2342 Well without pump 3000 SURFACE WATER 3100 Spring 3110 Protected spring 3120 Unprotected spring 3200 River/dam/lake/ponds/streams/canal/irrigation channel 3210 River, stream 3220 Pond, lake 3230 Dam 3240 Canal or river/canal 3250 Irrigation ditch 3260 Dugout pond 3300 Channeled by gravity flow scheme 4000 RAINWATER 4100 Rainwater collected in tank 5000 PURCHASED FROM SUPPLIER 5100 Tanker truck 5200 Cart with small tank 5300 Water vendor 5400 Bottled water 5410 Sachet water (in a bag) 6000 OTHER SOURCE 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) 5201 Motorcycle with 3 wheels NDRINKWTR (HV202) reports the household's main source of water for uses other than drinking (for example, cooking and washing). Responses vary widely across surveys; see Comparability. The information in NDRINKWTR is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Major source of drinking water Major source of drinking water Major source of drinking water Major source of drinking water Major source of drinking water 21) Where does the water your household uses for drinking come from? PIPED WATER PIPED INTO THE RESIDENCE/YARD/PLOT 11 PUBLIC TAP 12 WELL WATER WELL IN THE RESIDENCE/YARD/PLOT 21 PUBLIC WELL OR BOREHOLE 22 SURFACE WATER SPRING 31 RIVER OR STREAM 32 POND/LAKE 33 DAM 34 RAINWATER 41 WATER VENDOR 51 BOTTLED WATER 61 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 71 2213 Protected well in neighbor's residence/plot 9996 Non-resident 1000 PIPED WATER 1100 Piped into own dwelling/yard/plot 1110 Piped into own dwelling 1120 Piped into own yard/plot 1200 Piped outside own residence/plot 1210 Public tap/standpipe 1220 Piped into neighbor's dwelling/yard 2000 WELL WATER 2100 Unprotected/open well 2110 Open well in own dwelling/yard/plot 2111 Open well in own dwelling 2112 Open well in own yard/plot 2120 Open public well 2130 Open well in neighbor's residence 2200 Protected well 2210 Protected well in own dwelling/yard/plot 2211 Protected well in own dwelling 2212 Protected well in own yard/plot 2220 Protected public well 2230 Tube well or borehole 2231 Borehole in yard/plot 2232 Public borehole 2300 Unspecified well 2310 Unspecified well in residence/yard/plot 2311 Unspecified well in own dwelling 2312 Unspecified well in own yard/plot 2313 Handpump in yard/plot 2320 Unspecified public well 2321 Public shallow well 2322 Public traditional well 2323 Public handpump 2330 Unspecified neighbor's well 2340 Unspecified well by type 2341 Well with pump 2342 Well without pump 3000 SURFACE WATER 3100 Spring 3110 Protected spring/surface water 3120 Unprotected spring/surface water 3200 River/dam/lake/ponds/streams/canal/irrigation channel 3210 River, stream 3220 Pond, lake 3230 Dam 3240 Canal or river/canal 3250 Irrigation ditch 3260 Dugout pond 3300 Channeled by gravity flow scheme 4000 RAINWATER 4100 Rainwater collected in tank 5000 PURCHASED FROM SUPPLIER 5100 Tanker truck 5200 Cart with small tank 5300 Water vendor 5400 Bottled water 5410 Sachet water (in a bag) 6000 OTHER SOURCE 9998 Missing 1211 Public tap from filtration plant 1212 Public tap from stone pipes 5310 Water vendor from unknown source 5320 Water vendor from protected well 5330 Water vendor from unprotected well 5340 Water vendor from pond/lake 9999 NIU (not in universe) 5500 Community reverse osmosis plant 5201 Motorcycle with 3 wheels DRINKWTR (HV201) reports the household's main source of drinking water. Responses vary widely across surveys; see Comparability. The information in DRINKWTR is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Same water source used for drinking and other water (HH record) Same water source used for drinking and other water (HH record) Same water source used for drinking and other water (HH record) Same water source used for drinking and other water (HH record) Same water source used for drinking and other water (HH record) 20) Does your household use water from the same source for drinking? YES 1 (GO TO 22) NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) With information taken from the household record, SAMEH2OSRCHH (HV203) indicates whether the household used the same source of water for drinking and for other uses (such as laundry and dishwashing). For samples without this variable, the information could be calculated by comparing the household's reported sources of drinking water and water for other uses. The information in SAMEH2OSRCHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Time to reach water source and return, in minutes (from HH record) Time to reach water source and return, in minutes (from HH record) Time to reach water source and return, in minutes (from HH record) Time to reach water source and return, in minutes (from HH record) Time to reach water source and return, in minutes (from HH record) 19) How much time does it take to go there, get water, and come back? MINUTES: ___ ON LOCATION 996 000 001 1 002 2 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 035 35 036 36 037 37 038 38 039 39 040 40 041 41 042 42 043 43 044 44 045 45 046 46 047 47 048 48 049 49 050 50 051 51 052 52 053 53 054 54 055 55 056 56 057 57 058 58 059 59 060 60 061 61 062 62 063 63 064 64 065 65 066 66 067 67 068 68 069 69 070 70 071 71 072 72 073 73 074 74 075 75 076 76 077 77 078 78 079 79 080 80 081 81 082 82 083 83 084 84 085 85 086 86 087 87 088 88 089 89 090 90 091 91 092 92 093 93 094 94 095 95 096 96 097 97 098 98 099 99 100 100 101 101 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 107 107 108 108 109 109 110 110 111 111 112 112 113 113 114 114 115 115 116 116 117 117 118 118 119 119 120 120 121 121 122 122 123 123 124 124 125 125 126 126 127 127 128 128 129 129 130 130 131 131 132 132 133 133 134 134 135 135 136 136 137 137 138 138 139 139 140 140 141 141 142 142 143 143 144 144 145 145 146 146 147 147 148 148 149 149 150 150 151 151 152 152 153 153 154 154 155 155 156 156 157 157 158 158 159 159 160 160 161 161 162 162 163 163 164 164 165 165 166 166 167 167 168 168 169 169 170 170 171 171 172 172 173 173 174 174 175 175 176 176 177 177 178 178 179 179 180 180 181 181 182 182 183 183 184 184 185 185 186 186 187 187 188 188 189 189 190 190 191 191 192 192 193 193 194 194 195 195 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 200 200 201 201 202 202 203 203 204 204 205 205 206 206 207 207 208 208 209 209 210 210 211 211 212 212 213 213 214 214 215 215 216 216 217 217 218 218 219 219 220 220 221 221 222 222 223 223 224 224 225 225 226 226 227 227 228 228 229 229 230 230 231 231 232 232 233 233 234 234 235 235 236 236 237 237 238 238 239 239 240 240 241 241 242 242 243 243 244 244 245 245 246 246 247 247 248 248 249 249 250 250 251 251 252 252 253 253 254 254 255 255 256 256 257 257 258 258 259 259 260 260 261 261 262 262 263 263 264 264 265 265 266 266 267 267 268 268 269 269 270 270 271 271 272 272 273 273 274 274 275 275 276 276 277 277 278 278 279 279 280 280 281 281 282 282 283 283 284 284 285 285 286 286 287 287 288 288 289 289 290 290 291 291 292 292 293 293 294 294 295 295 296 296 297 297 298 298 299 299 300 300 301 301 302 302 303 303 304 304 305 305 306 306 307 307 308 308 309 309 310 310 311 311 312 312 313 313 314 314 315 315 316 316 317 317 318 318 319 319 320 320 321 321 322 322 323 323 324 324 325 325 326 326 327 327 328 328 329 329 330 330 331 331 332 332 333 333 334 334 335 335 336 336 337 337 338 338 339 339 340 340 341 341 342 342 343 343 344 344 345 345 346 346 347 347 348 348 349 349 350 350 351 351 352 352 353 353 354 354 355 355 356 356 357 357 358 358 359 359 360 360+ 995 On premises 996 Non-resident 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) TIMETOWTRHH (HV204) reports the time in minutes it takes members of the household to get to their main source of water and return to their dwelling. In IPUMS-DHS, this variable is top-coded at 360 minutes or more (6 hours or longer). The information in TIMETOWTRHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has bicycle (from HH record) HH has bicycle (from HH record) HH has bicycle (from HH record) HH has bicycle (from HH record) HH has bicycle (from HH record) 27) Is there someone in your household who owns: A bicycle? A scooter or motorcycle? A car? A cart? BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 SCOOTER/MOTORCYCLE YES 1 NO 2 CAR YES 1 NO 2 CART YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) BIKEHH (HV210) indicates whether any member of the household has a bicycle. The information in BIKEHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has car/truck (from HH record) HH has car/truck (from HH record) HH has car/truck (from HH record) HH has car/truck (from HH record) HH has car/truck (from HH record) 27) Is there someone in your household who owns: A bicycle? A scooter or motorcycle? A car? A cart? BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 SCOOTER/MOTORCYCLE YES 1 NO 2 CAR YES 1 NO 2 CART YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) CARHH (HV212) indicates whether any member of the household owns a car or truck (or other motor vehicle). The specific type of motor vehicle mentioned varies across samples. See Comparability. The information in CARHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has motorcycle/scooter (from HH record) HH has motorcycle/scooter (from HH record) HH has motorcycle/scooter (from HH record) HH has motorcycle/scooter (from HH record) HH has motorcycle/scooter (from HH record) 27) Is there someone in your household who owns: A bicycle? A scooter or motorcycle? A car? A cart? BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 SCOOTER/MOTORCYCLE YES 1 NO 2 CAR YES 1 NO 2 CART YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) MOTORCYCLHH (HV211) indicates whether any member of the household owns a motorcycle or scooter. The information in MOTORCYCLHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has refrigerator (from HH record) HH has refrigerator (from HH record) HH has refrigerator (from HH record) HH has refrigerator (from HH record) HH has refrigerator (from HH record) 23 In your residence, do you have: Electricity? A radio? A television? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) FRIDGEHH (HV209) indicates whether the household has a refrigerator. Some samples specified that the refrigerator must be working or owned by the household. See Comparability. The information in FRIDGEHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has radio (from HH record) HH has radio (from HH record) HH has radio (from HH record) HH has radio (from HH record) HH has radio (from HH record) 23 In your residence, do you have: Electricity? A radio? A television? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) RADIOHH (HV207) indicates whether any member of the household owns a radio. Some samples specified that the radio must be working or fit other specifications. See Comparability. The information in RADIOHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has television (from HH record) HH has television (from HH record) HH has television (from HH record) HH has television (from HH record) HH has television (from HH record) 23 In your residence, do you have: Electricity? A radio? A television? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) TVHH (HV208) indicates whether any member of the household has a television. Some samples specified that the TV must be in working order. See Comparability. The information in TVHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has animal-drawn cart HH has animal-drawn cart HH has animal-drawn cart HH has animal-drawn cart HH has animal-drawn cart 27) Is there someone in your household who owns: A bicycle? A scooter or motorcycle? A car? A cart? BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 SCOOTER/MOTORCYCLE YES 1 NO 2 CAR YES 1 NO 2 CART YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) DRAWNCART indicates whether a household member owned an animal-drawn cart. Question wording varied across samples; see Comparability. The information in DRAWNCART is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Currently working Currently working Currently working Currently working Currently working No 1 Yes 8 Missing CURRWORKMN (MV714) indicates whether the man is currently working at a job or business. IPUMS Man's occupation Man's occupation Man's occupation Man's occupation Man's occupation 107) What is your main occupation? _____ 00 Not currently working 10 Professional, technical, or managerial 20 Clerical or sales 21 Clerical 22 Sales 30 Agricultural 31 Agricultural, self-employed 32 Agricultural, employee 40 Household, domestic, and services 41 Household and domestic 42 Services 50 Skilled and unskilled manual 51 Skilled manual 52 Unskilled manual 60 Armed forces 95 Other 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) WKCURRJOBMN (MV717) reports the occupation of the male respondent in somewhat standardized categories. The categories included, and the degree of detail within broad categories (e.g., self-employed versus employee in agriculture, or simply agriculture), vary across samples. IPUMS-DHS employs composite coding to maximize comparability across samples (using the first digit of the codes to indicate broad job categories) without loss of detailed information (preserved in the second digit). The category "agriculture" includes fishermen, foresters, breeders, and hunters as well as farmers. IPUMS Highest educational level Highest educational level Highest educational level Highest educational level Highest educational level 105) What is the highest level of education that you attended: primary, first cycle of secondary, second cycle of secondary, or higher? PRIMARY 1 SECONDARY, FIRST CYCLE 2 SECONDARY, SECOND CYCLE 3 HIGHER 4 DON'T KNOW 8 No education 1 Primary 2 Secondary 3 Higher 6 Other 8 Missing EDUCLVLMN (MV106) reports the highest level of school the male respondent attended. Countries vary in the gradations of their school systems, but EDUCLVLMN is a standardized variable reporting level of education in four broad categories: No education Primary Secondary Higher The DHS recode manuals state, "In some countries the educational system does not fit naturally within this scheme, and a different categorization was used for the Final Report. In this case, this variable is constructed as accurately as possible from the country's own scheme, and the variable used for the Final Report is included as a country-specific variable." IPUMS Highest year of education in level Highest year of education in level Highest year of education in level Highest year of education in level Highest year of education in level 106) What is the highest (class, year) you completed with success at that level? CLASS: ___ CLASSES FOR PRIMARY LEVEL INTRODUCTORY COURSE 1 PREPARATORY COURSE 2 ELEMENTARY COURSE 1 3 ELEMENTARY COURSE 2 4 MID-LEVEL COURSE 1 5 MID-LEVEL COURSE 2 6 CLASSES FOR SECONDARY, FIRST CYCLE LEVEL 6TH 1 5TH 2 4TH 3 3RD 4 DON'T KNOW 8 CLASSES FOR SECONDARY, SECOND CYCLE LEVEL 2ND 1 1ST 2 FINAL YEAR 3 DON'T KNOW 8 CLASSES FOR HIGHER LEVEL FIRST YEAR 1 SECOND YEAR 2 THIRD YEAR 3 FOURTH YEAR AND HIGHER 4 DON'T KNOW 8 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 95 Other 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For men who ever attended school, YRSCHLMN (MV107) reports the number of years of education completed at the highest level of schooling achieved (primary, secondary, or higher), as reported in EDUCLVLMN (MV106). See Comparability. For the man's total years of education, see EDYRTOTALMN (MV133). IPUMS Man's total years of education Man's total years of education Man's total years of education Man's total years of education Man's total years of education 105) What is the highest level of education that you attended: primary, first cycle of secondary, second cycle of secondary, or higher? PRIMARY 1 SECONDARY, FIRST CYCLE 2 SECONDARY, SECOND CYCLE 3 HIGHER 4 DON'T KNOW 8 00 Less than 1 year 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 95 Other 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing EDYRTOTALMN (MV133) reports the man's education level in single years. This variable is constructed from responses to EDUCLVLMN (MV106) and YRSCHLMN (MV107) as follows: If EDUCLVLMN = "No education," EDYRTOTALMN = "0" If EDUCLVLMN = "Primary," EDYRTOTALMN = YRSCHLMN If EDUCLVLMN = "Secondary," EDYRTOTALMN = YRSCHLMN + x If EDUCLVLMN = "Higher," EDYRTOTALMN = YRSCHLMN + y If EDUCLVLMN = "Missing," EDYRTOTALMN = "Missing" In the above equations, "x" equals the number of years needed to complete primary education, and "y" equals the number of years needed to complete primary and secondary education. The values of "x" and "y" are country-specific. IPUMS Man's summary educational achievement Man's summary educational achievement Man's summary educational achievement Man's summary educational achievement Man's summary educational achievement No education 1 Incomplete primary 2 Complete primary 3 Incomplete secondary 4 Complete secondary 5 Higher 6 Other 8 Missing EDACHIEVERMN (MV149) is a summary variable that reports the man's highest level of education in broad categories. Countries vary in the gradations of their school systems, but EDACHIEVERMN is a standardized variable providing the level of education in six categories: No education, Incomplete primary Complete primary Incomplete secondary Complete secondary Higher EDACHIEVERMN is constructed from information contained in EDUCLVLMN (MV106) and YRSCHLMN (MV107). IPUMS Fertility preference Fertility preference Fertility preference Fertility preference Fertility preference 10 Have another 20 Undecided 30 No more 40 Not at risk of having more children 41 Sterilized (respondent or partners) 42 Wife/partner declared infecund 43 Never had sex 44 Man declared infecund 45 No partner 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FERTPREFMN (MV602) reports responses to the question, "Would you like to have a (another) child or would you prefer not to have any (more) children"? The standard response categories are "have another," "no more/none," "undecided," and various categories related to not being at risk of having more children (such as sterilization, infecundity, and not having a partner). In IPUMS-DHS, all responses in the general category of "not at risk of having more children" share a common first digit of 4, while the second digit distinguishes between the specific reasons (for example, code "41" for "Sterilized [respondent or partners]"). IPUMS Ideal number of children Ideal number of children Ideal number of children Ideal number of children Ideal number of children 312) CHECK 301-302 AND CHECK THE BOX: NO LIVING CHILDREN: If you could choose exactly the number of children to have in your whole life, how many would that be? HAS LIVING CHILDREN: If you could go back to the time you did not have any children and could choose exactly the number of children to have in your whole life, how many would that be? NUMBER: ___ OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 96 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90+ 94 God's will/ choice 95 As many as possible 96 Other non-numeric responses 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) IDEALKIDMN (V613) reports the ideal total number of children the man would have liked to have in his whole life, regardless of how many children he had actually fathered. The information is collected through hypothetical questions such as, "If you could go back to the time you did not have any children and could choose exactly the number of children to have in your whole life, how many would that be?" (for men with living children) or "If you could choose exactly the number of children to have in your whole life, how many would that be?" (for men without living children). If the man responded with a range of values, IDEALKID reports the midpoint between those values. According to the DHS Recode Manuals, "If the midpoint is not an exact number then the number is rounded up in half the cases and rounded down for the other half." The questionnaires included space for non-numeric "other" responses, such as "Up to God." IPUMS Ideal number of children (grouped) Ideal number of children (grouped) Ideal number of children (grouped) Ideal number of children (grouped) Ideal number of children (grouped) 312) CHECK 301-302 AND CHECK THE BOX: NO LIVING CHILDREN: If you could choose exactly the number of children to have in your whole life, how many would that be? HAS LIVING CHILDREN: If you could go back to the time you did not have any children and could choose exactly the number of children to have in your whole life, how many would that be? NUMBER: ___ OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 96 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6+ 7 Non-numeric response 9 NIU (not in universe) Like IDEALKIDMN, IDEALKIDGRPMN (MV614) reports the total number of children the man would hypothetically like to have in his whole life, regardless of how many children he actually had, but top-codes numeric responses at 6+ children and codes non-numeric responses as 7. IPUMS Wife's desire for children Wife's desire for children Wife's desire for children Wife's desire for children Wife's desire for children 308) Do you think your spouse(s)/wife/wives wants the same number of children that you want, or does she want more or fewer than you want? SAME 1 MORE 2 LESS 3 DON'T KNOW 8 1 Both want same 2 Wife wants more 3 Wife wants fewer 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) WIFEFERTPREFMN (MV621) reports whether the male respondent believes his partner wants the same number of children, more children, or fewer children than he wants. IPUMS Knows any type of FP method Knows any type of FP method Knows any type of FP method Knows any type of FP method Knows any type of FP method 202) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD 01. PILL: Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD: Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS: Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL: Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM: Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION: Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION: Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE: Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL: Certain men are careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS: Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS: Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) Knows no method 1 Knows only folkloric method 2 Knows only traditional method 3 Knows modern method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOTYPMN (MV301) is a summary (recoded) variable indicating whether the man knows about any family planning method(s) and, if so, what type of method (modern method or only a traditional or folkloric method). In the DHS, modern methods are the Pill, IUDs, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet) that vary across samples. IPUMS Knows about the Pill for FP Knows about the Pill for FP Knows about the Pill for FP Knows about the Pill for FP Knows about the Pill for FP 202) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD 01. PILL: Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD: Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS: Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL: Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM: Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION: Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION: Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE: Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL: Certain men are careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS: Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS: Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOPILLMN (MV304_01) indicates whether the man knows about the Pill as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. In probing questions, the Pill is often described by the following text: Women can take a pill every day to avoid becoming pregnant. IPUMS Knows about IUD for FP Knows about IUD for FP Knows about IUD for FP Knows about IUD for FP Knows about IUD for FP 202) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD 01. PILL: Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD: Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS: Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL: Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM: Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION: Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION: Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE: Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL: Certain men are careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS: Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS: Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOIUDMN (MV304_02) indicates whether the man knows about IUDs (intra-uterine devices) as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. In probing questions, an IUD is often described by the following text: Women can have a loop or coil placed inside them by a doctor or a nurse which can prevent pregnancy for one or more years. IPUMS Knows about injectable FP Knows about injectable FP Knows about injectable FP Knows about injectable FP Knows about injectable FP 202) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD 01. PILL: Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD: Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS: Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL: Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM: Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION: Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION: Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE: Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL: Certain men are careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS: Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS: Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOINJMN (MV304_03) indicates whether the man knows about injectables as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. In probing questions, injectables are often described by the following text: Women can have an injection by a health provider that stops them from becoming pregnant for one or more months. IPUMS Knows about condom for FP Knows about condom for FP Knows about condom for FP Knows about condom for FP Knows about condom for FP 202) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD 01. PILL: Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD: Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS: Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL: Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM: Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION: Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION: Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE: Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL: Certain men are careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS: Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS: Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOCONMN (MV304_05) indicates whether the man knows about male condoms as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. In probing questions, male condoms are often described by the following text: Men can put a rubber sheath on their penis before sexual intercourse. IPUMS Knows about female sterilization for FP Knows about female sterilization for FP Knows about female sterilization for FP Knows about female sterilization for FP Knows about female sterilization for FP 202) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD 01. PILL: Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD: Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS: Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL: Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM: Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION: Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION: Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE: Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL: Certain men are careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS: Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS: Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOFSTMN (MV304_06) indicates whether the man knows about female sterilization as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. In probing questions, female sterilization is often described by the following text: Women can have an operation to avoid having any more children. IPUMS Knows about male sterilization for FP Knows about male sterilization for FP Knows about male sterilization for FP Knows about male sterilization for FP Knows about male sterilization for FP 202) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD 01. PILL: Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD: Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS: Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL: Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM: Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION: Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION: Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE: Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL: Certain men are careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS: Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS: Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOMSTMN (MV304_07) indicates whether the man knows about male sterilization as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. In probing questions, male sterilization is often described by the following text: Men can have an operation to avoid having any more children. IPUMS Knows about rhythm/periodic abstinence for FP Knows about rhythm/periodic abstinence for FP Knows about rhythm/periodic abstinence for FP Knows about rhythm/periodic abstinence for FP Knows about rhythm/periodic abstinence for FP 202) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD 01. PILL: Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD: Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS: Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL: Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM: Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION: Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION: Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE: Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL: Certain men are careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS: Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS: Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNORHYMN (MV304_08) indicates whether the man knows about the rhythm method or periodic abstinence as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. In probing questions, the rhythm method or period abstinence is often described by the following text: To avoid pregnancy, women do not have sexual intercourse on the days of the month they think they can get pregnant. IPUMS Knows about withdrawal for FP Knows about withdrawal for FP Knows about withdrawal for FP Knows about withdrawal for FP Knows about withdrawal for FP 202) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD 01. PILL: Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD: Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS: Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL: Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM: Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION: Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION: Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE: Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL: Certain men are careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS: Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS: Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOWDMN (MV304_09) indicates whether the man knows about withdrawal as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. In probing questions, withdrawal is often described by the following text: Men can be careful and pull out before climax. IPUMS Knows about diaphragm, foam, or jelly for FP Knows about diaphragm, foam, or jelly for FP Knows about diaphragm, foam, or jelly for FP Knows about diaphragm, foam, or jelly for FP Knows about diaphragm, foam, or jelly for FP 202) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD 01. PILL: Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD: Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS: Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL: Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM: Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION: Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION: Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE: Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL: Certain men are careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS: Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS: Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneous 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing FPKNODIAFJMN indicates whether the man knows about the diaphragm, foam, or (spermacidal) jelly as methods for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. In probing questions, the diaphragm, foam, or jelly is often described by the following text: Women can place a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside themselves before intercourse. IPUMS Knows about charms or amulets for FP Knows about charms or amulets for FP Knows about charms or amulets for FP Knows about charms or amulets for FP Knows about charms or amulets for FP 202) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD 01. PILL: Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD: Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS: Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL: Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM: Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION: Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION: Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE: Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL: Certain men are careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS: Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS: Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing FPKNOCHARMMN indicates whether the man knows about charms, amulets, or gris-gris as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Knows about religion for FP Knows about religion for FP Knows about religion for FP Knows about religion for FP Knows about religion for FP 202) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD 01. PILL: Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD: Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS: Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL: Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM: Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION: Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION: Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE: Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL: Certain men are careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS: Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS: Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing FPKNORELIGMN indicates whether the man knows about religion, such as a religious leader or a holy book, as a method for family planning. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Knows about other method for FP Knows about other method for FP Knows about other method for FP Knows about other method for FP Knows about other method for FP 202) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD 01. PILL: Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD: Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS: Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL: Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM: Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION: Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION: Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE: Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL: Certain men are careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS: Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS: Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 00 No 10 Yes 11 Yes, spontaneously 12 Yes, probed 97 Method not asked about at all 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPKNOOMMN indicates whether the man knows about any other family planning methods. The meaning of "other" must be interpreted relative to the specific family planning methods included in a particular sample. Some samples differentiate between spontaneous and probed affirmative responses; see Comparability. IPUMS Current FP use by method type Current FP use by method type Current FP use by method type Current FP use by method type Current FP use by method type 208) What method are you currently using? PILL 01 (GO TO 212) IUD 02 (GO TO 212) INJECTIONS 03 (GO TO 212) DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL 04 (GO TO 212) CONDOM 05 (GO TO 212) FEMALE STERILIZATION 06 (GO TO 212) MALE STERILIZATION 07(GO TO 212) PERIODIC ABSTINENCE 08 (GO TO 212) WITHDRAWAL 09 (GO TO 212) GRIS-GRIS 10 (GO TO 212) OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 11 (GO TO 212) No method 1 Folkloric method 2 Traditional method 3 Modern method 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPNOWMN (MV313) indicates whether the man is currently using a modern, traditional, or folkloric method of contraception. In the DHS, modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. IPUMS Current method of FP Current method of FP Current method of FP Current method of FP Current method of FP 208) What method are you currently using? PILL 01 (GO TO 212) IUD 02 (GO TO 212) INJECTIONS 03 (GO TO 212) DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL 04 (GO TO 212) CONDOM 05 (GO TO 212) FEMALE STERILIZATION 06 (GO TO 212) MALE STERILIZATION 07(GO TO 212) PERIODIC ABSTINENCE 08 (GO TO 212) WITHDRAWAL 09 (GO TO 212) GRIS-GRIS 10 (GO TO 212) OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 11 (GO TO 212) 000 Not using 100 MODERN METHODS 101 Pill 102 IUD 103 Norplant/implants 104 Injections 110 Diaphragm/foam/jelly 111 Diaphragm 112 Foam or jelly 120 Condom 121 Male condom 122 Female condom 130 Sterilization 131 Female sterilization 132 Male sterilization 140 Lactional amenorrhea (LAM) 141 Prolonged breastfeeding 150 Emergency contraception 190 Other modern method 191 Contraceptive patch 200 TRADITIONAL METHODS 210 Abstinence or period abstinence 211 Periodic abstinence 212 Cycle beads/standard days method (SDM) 213 (Prolonged) abstinence 214 Cervical mucus method 219 National family planning, unspecified 220 Withdrawal 290 Other traditional/folkloric 291 Herbs 292 Gris-gris/amulet 293 Tafo 294 Strings 300 OTHER 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) FPMETHNOWMN (MV312) reports the contraceptive method the man is currently using. Answers are grouped under the broad categories of "modern methods," "traditional methods," and "other methods," each with a different first digit. Specific methods are distinguished by the second and third digits. See FPEVUSEMN (MV302) for more information on broad categories of contraceptive methods. IPUMS Pattern of use of contraceptive method Pattern of use of contraceptive method Pattern of use of contraceptive method Pattern of use of contraceptive method Pattern of use of contraceptive method 209) Do you intend to use a method to avoid getting pregnant in the future? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 211) DON'T KNOW 8 (GO TO 212) 10 Currently using 20 Ever used, but not currently using 21 Used in last 12 months 22 Used before last 12 months 30 Never used FPUSPATRNMN (MV361) reports the man's pattern of contraceptive use by indicating whether he is currently using, has used in the past, or has never used contraception. IPUMS FP current use or future intention FP current use or future intention FP current use or future intention FP current use or future intention FP current use or future intention 209) Do you intend to use a method to avoid getting pregnant in the future? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 211) DON'T KNOW 8 (GO TO 212) 1 Using modern method 2 Using traditional method 3 Non-user intending to use 4 Does not intend to use 5 Never had sex FPUSINTENTMN (MV364) is a constructed variable, drawing on responses to multiple survey questions, that divides men into the following categories: Men who are currently using a contraceptive method (either modern or traditional) Men who are not now using contraception but intend to do so in the future Men who are neither using contraception now nor intend to do so in the future Men (in a minority of samples) who never had sex. IPUMS-DHS users are encouraged to review FPMETHNOWMN (MV312) and FPUSPLANMN (MV362) for additional information on the variables used to construct FPUSINTENTMN. IPUMS Intention to use FP in future Intention to use FP in future Intention to use FP in future Intention to use FP in future Intention to use FP in future 209) Do you intend to use a method to avoid getting pregnant in the future? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 211) DON'T KNOW 8 (GO TO 212) 10 Will use in future 11 Use in next 12 months 12 Use later 20 Unsure about future use 21 Unsure about timing 22 Unsure about use 30 Does not intend to use 40 Never had sex 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) FPUSPLANMN (MV362) is a constructed variable, based on multiple survey questions. The variable reports, for men not currently using contraception, whether the man intends to use contraception in the future and, if so, when he intends to begin use (in the next 12 months or later). Men uncertain about future contraceptive use are subdivided into those who are unsure about using a method and those unsure about the timing of planned future use. IPUMS Preferred future FP method Preferred future FP method Preferred future FP method Preferred future FP method Preferred future FP method 210) Which method would you prefer to use? PILL 01 (GO TO 212) IUD 02 (GO TO 212) INJECTIONS 03 (GO TO 212) DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL 04 (GO TO 212) CONDOM 05 (GO TO 212) FEMALE STERILIZATION 06 (GO TO 212) MALE STERILIZATION 07(GO TO 212) PERIODIC ABSTINENCE 08 (GO TO 212) WITHDRAWAL 09 (GO TO 212) GRIS-GRIS 10 (GO TO 212) OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 11 (GO TO 212) NOT SURE 98 (GO TO 212) 100 MODERN METHODS 101 Pill 102 IUD 103 Norplant/implants 104 Injections 110 Diaphragm/foam/jelly 111 Diaphragm 112 Foam or jelly 120 Condom 121 Male condom 122 Female condom 130 Sterilization 131 Female sterilization 132 Male sterilization 140 Lactional amenorrhea (LAM) 141 Prolonged breastfeeding 150 Emergency contraception 190 Other modern method 191 Contraceptive patch 192 Menstrual regulation 200 TRADITIONAL METHODS 210 Abstinence or period abstinence 211 Periodic abstinence 212 Cycle beads/standard days method (SDM) 213 (Prolonged) abstinence 214 Cervical mucus method 219 National family planning, unspecified 220 Withdrawal 290 Other traditional/folkloric 291 Herbs 292 Gris-gris/amulet 293 Tafo 294 Strings 295 Religion 300 OTHER 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) For men not currently using a contraceptive method but intending to do so in the future, FPMETHFUTRMN (MV363) reports the family planning method the man would prefer to use. Answers are grouped under the broad categories of "modern methods," "traditional methods," and "other methods," each with a different first digit. Specific methods are distinguished by the second and third digits. Closely related responses, such as various groupings of diaphragm/foam/jelly, share the first 2 digits in common, while the third digit distinguishes the exact response category. IPUMS Why does not intend to use FP in future Why does not intend to use FP in future Why does not intend to use FP in future Why does not intend to use FP in future Why does not intend to use FP in future 10 NOT MARRIED 11 Not married 12 Not intending to marry 20 OTHER LOW FERTILITY RISK 21 Not having sex 22 Infrequent sex 23 Menopausal or hysterectomy 24 Subfecund or infecund 25 Postpartum or breastfeeding 30 WANTS CHILDREN 31 Wants more children 32 Fatalistic 40 OPPOSITION TO USE 41 Respondent opposed 42 Wife/partner opposed 43 Others opposed 44 Religious prohibition 45 Cultural taboo 46 Up to women to use 50 LACK OF KNOWLEDGE 51 Knows no method 52 Knows no source 60 METHOD-RELATED 61 Health concerns 62 Fear of side effects 63 Lack of access 64 Cost too much 65 Inconvenient to use 66 Interfere with body 94 No reason 95 Other 96 Doesn't know if will use in future 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For men who are not currently using a contraceptive method and do not intend to do so in future, FPYNOTFUSMN (MV376) reports why the man does not intend to use family planning in the future. Responses are grouped into the following broad categories, each with a different first digit: not married, other low fertility risk, wants children, opposition to use, lack of knowledge, method-related, and other. Specific responses within these categories are distinguished by the second digit of the codes. IPUMS Ever use any type of FP (folkloric, traditional, modern) Ever use any type of FP (folkloric, traditional, modern) Ever use any type of FP (folkloric, traditional, modern) Ever use any type of FP (folkloric, traditional, modern) Ever use any type of FP (folkloric, traditional, modern) 203) Have you ever used (METHOD)? 01. PILL: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION: Have you ever had a wife/partner that had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION: Have you ever had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE YES 1 NO 2 09. WITHDRAWAL YES 1 NO 2 10. GRIS-GRIS: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 11. OTHER METHODS YES 1 NO 2 Never used 1 Used only folkloric method 2 Used only traditional method 3 Used modern method FPEVUSEMN (MV302) is a constructed variable that reports whether the man has ever used a family planning method and, if so, whether he used a modern contraceptive method or only a traditional or folkloric method. In the DHS, modern methods are pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. IPUMS Ever usethe Pill for FP Ever usethe Pill for FP Ever usethe Pill for FP Ever usethe Pill for FP Ever usethe Pill for FP 203) Have you ever used (METHOD)? 01. PILL: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION: Have you ever had a wife/partner that had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION: Have you ever had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE YES 1 NO 2 09. WITHDRAWAL YES 1 NO 2 10. GRIS-GRIS: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 11. OTHER METHODS YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPEVUSPILLMN (MV305_01) indicates whether the man or any of his partners have ever used the Pill to delay or avoid a pregnancy. IPUMS Ever use IUD for FP Ever use IUD for FP Ever use IUD for FP Ever use IUD for FP Ever use IUD for FP 203) Have you ever used (METHOD)? 01. PILL: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION: Have you ever had a wife/partner that had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION: Have you ever had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE YES 1 NO 2 09. WITHDRAWAL YES 1 NO 2 10. GRIS-GRIS: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 11. OTHER METHODS YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPEVUSIUDMN (MV305_02) indicates whether the man or any of his partners have ever used an IUD to delay or avoid a pregnancy. IPUMS Ever use injectable for FP Ever use injectable for FP Ever use injectable for FP Ever use injectable for FP Ever use injectable for FP 203) Have you ever used (METHOD)? 01. PILL: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION: Have you ever had a wife/partner that had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION: Have you ever had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE YES 1 NO 2 09. WITHDRAWAL YES 1 NO 2 10. GRIS-GRIS: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 11. OTHER METHODS YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPEVUSINJMN (MV305_03) indicates whether the man or any of his partners have ever used injectables to delay or avoid a pregnancy. IPUMS Ever use condom for FP Ever use condom for FP Ever use condom for FP Ever use condom for FP Ever use condom for FP 203) Have you ever used (METHOD)? 01. PILL: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION: Have you ever had a wife/partner that had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION: Have you ever had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE YES 1 NO 2 09. WITHDRAWAL YES 1 NO 2 10. GRIS-GRIS: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 11. OTHER METHODS YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPEVUSCONMN (MV305_05) indicates whether the man has ever used condoms to delay or avoid a pregnancy. IPUMS Ever use female sterilization for FP Ever use female sterilization for FP Ever use female sterilization for FP Ever use female sterilization for FP Ever use female sterilization for FP 203) Have you ever used (METHOD)? 01. PILL: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION: Have you ever had a wife/partner that had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION: Have you ever had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE YES 1 NO 2 09. WITHDRAWAL YES 1 NO 2 10. GRIS-GRIS: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 11. OTHER METHODS YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPEVUSFSTMN (MV305_06) indicates whether the man or any of his partners have ever used female sterilization to delay or avoid a pregnancy. IPUMS Ever use male sterilization for FP Ever use male sterilization for FP Ever use male sterilization for FP Ever use male sterilization for FP Ever use male sterilization for FP 203) Have you ever used (METHOD)? 01. PILL: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION: Have you ever had a wife/partner that had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION: Have you ever had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE YES 1 NO 2 09. WITHDRAWAL YES 1 NO 2 10. GRIS-GRIS: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 11. OTHER METHODS YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPEVUSMSTMN (MV305_07) indicates whether the man has ever used male sterilization to delay or avoid a pregnancy. IPUMS Ever use rhythm/periodic abstinence for FP Ever use rhythm/periodic abstinence for FP Ever use rhythm/periodic abstinence for FP Ever use rhythm/periodic abstinence for FP Ever use rhythm/periodic abstinence for FP 203) Have you ever used (METHOD)? 01. PILL: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION: Have you ever had a wife/partner that had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION: Have you ever had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE YES 1 NO 2 09. WITHDRAWAL YES 1 NO 2 10. GRIS-GRIS: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 11. OTHER METHODS YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPEVUSRHYMN (MV305_08) indicates whether the man or his partners have ever used the rhythm method or periodic abstinence to delay or avoid a pregnancy. IPUMS Ever use withdrawal for FP Ever use withdrawal for FP Ever use withdrawal for FP Ever use withdrawal for FP Ever use withdrawal for FP 203) Have you ever used (METHOD)? 01. PILL: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION: Have you ever had a wife/partner that had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION: Have you ever had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE YES 1 NO 2 09. WITHDRAWAL YES 1 NO 2 10. GRIS-GRIS: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 11. OTHER METHODS YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPEVUSWDMN (MV305_09) indicates whether the man has ever used the withdrawal method to delay or avoid a pregnancy. IPUMS Ever use diaphragm, foam, or jelly for FP Ever use diaphragm, foam, or jelly for FP Ever use diaphragm, foam, or jelly for FP Ever use diaphragm, foam, or jelly for FP Ever use diaphragm, foam, or jelly for FP 203) Have you ever used (METHOD)? 01. PILL: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION: Have you ever had a wife/partner that had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION: Have you ever had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE YES 1 NO 2 09. WITHDRAWAL YES 1 NO 2 10. GRIS-GRIS: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 11. OTHER METHODS YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPEVUSDIAFJMN indicates whether the man or any of his partners have ever used diaphragms, foam, or jelly to delay or avoid a pregnancy. IPUMS Ever use charms or amulets for FP Ever use charms or amulets for FP Ever use charms or amulets for FP Ever use charms or amulets for FP Ever use charms or amulets for FP 203) Have you ever used (METHOD)? 01. PILL: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION: Have you ever had a wife/partner that had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION: Have you ever had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE YES 1 NO 2 09. WITHDRAWAL YES 1 NO 2 10. GRIS-GRIS: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 11. OTHER METHODS YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPEVUSCHARMMN indicates whether the man or any of his partners have ever used charms, amulets, or gris-gris to delay or avoid a pregnancy. IPUMS Ever use religion for FP Ever use religion for FP Ever use religion for FP Ever use religion for FP Ever use religion for FP 203) Have you ever used (METHOD)? 01. PILL: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION: Have you ever had a wife/partner that had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION: Have you ever had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE YES 1 NO 2 09. WITHDRAWAL YES 1 NO 2 10. GRIS-GRIS: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 11. OTHER METHODS YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPEVUSRELIGMN indicates whether the man or any of his partners have ever used religion, such as a religious leader or a holy book, to delay or avoid a pregnancy. IPUMS Ever use other method for FP Ever use other method for FP Ever use other method for FP Ever use other method for FP Ever use other method for FP 203) Have you ever used (METHOD)? 01. PILL: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 02. IUD: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 03. INJECTIONS: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 05. CONDOM YES 1 NO 2 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION: Have you ever had a wife/partner that had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 07. MALE STERILIZATION: Have you ever had an operation to avoid having any more children? YES 1 NO 2 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE YES 1 NO 2 09. WITHDRAWAL YES 1 NO 2 10. GRIS-GRIS: Have you ever had a wife/partner who used this method? YES 1 NO 2 11. OTHER METHODS YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) FPEVUSOMMN (MV305_10) indicates whether the man or any of his partners have ever used some other method to delay or avoid a pregnancy. The meaning of "other" must be interpreted relative to the specific family planning methods included in a particular sample. IPUMS Type of method: the Pill Type of method: the Pill Type of method: the Pill Type of method: the Pill Type of method: the Pill 202) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD 01. PILL: Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD: Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS: Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL: Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM: Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION: Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION: Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE: Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL: Certain men are careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS: Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS: Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPPILLMN (M304A_01) reports whether the Pill is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS, generally modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOWMN (MV313), which indicates whether the man's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: IUD Type of method: IUD Type of method: IUD Type of method: IUD Type of method: IUD 202) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD 01. PILL: Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD: Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS: Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL: Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM: Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION: Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION: Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE: Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL: Certain men are careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS: Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS: Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPIUDMN (M304A_02) reports whether IUDs (intrauterine devices) are considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS, generally modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOWMN (MV313), which indicates whether the man's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Injectables Type of method: Injectables Type of method: Injectables Type of method: Injectables Type of method: Injectables 202) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD 01. PILL: Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD: Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS: Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL: Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM: Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION: Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION: Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE: Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL: Certain men are careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS: Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS: Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPINJMN (M304A_03) reports whether injectables are considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS, generally modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOWMN (MV313), which indicates whether the man's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Condom Type of method: Condom Type of method: Condom Type of method: Condom Type of method: Condom 202) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD 01. PILL: Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD: Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS: Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL: Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM: Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION: Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION: Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE: Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL: Certain men are careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS: Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS: Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPCONMN (M304A_05) reports whether condoms are considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS, generally modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOWMN (MV313), which indicates whether the man's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Female sterilization Type of method: Female sterilization Type of method: Female sterilization Type of method: Female sterilization Type of method: Female sterilization 202) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD 01. PILL: Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD: Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS: Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL: Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM: Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION: Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION: Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE: Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL: Certain men are careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS: Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS: Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPFSTMN (M304A_06) reports whether female sterilization is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS, generally modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOWMN (MV313), which indicates whether the man's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Male sterilization Type of method: Male sterilization Type of method: Male sterilization Type of method: Male sterilization Type of method: Male sterilization 202) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD 01. PILL: Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD: Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS: Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL: Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM: Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION: Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION: Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE: Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL: Certain men are careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS: Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS: Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPMSTMN (M304A_07) reports whether male sterilization is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS, generally modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOWMN (MV313), which indicates whether the man's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Rhythm method/periodic abstinence Type of method: Rhythm method/periodic abstinence Type of method: Rhythm method/periodic abstinence Type of method: Rhythm method/periodic abstinence Type of method: Rhythm method/periodic abstinence 202) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD 01. PILL: Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD: Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS: Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL: Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM: Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION: Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION: Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE: Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL: Certain men are careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS: Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS: Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPRHYMN (M304A_08) reports whether the rhythm method or periodic abstinence is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS, generally modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOWMN (MV313), which indicates whether the man's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Withdrawal Type of method: Withdrawal Type of method: Withdrawal Type of method: Withdrawal Type of method: Withdrawal 202) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD 01. PILL: Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD: Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS: Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL: Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM: Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION: Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION: Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE: Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL: Certain men are careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS: Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS: Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPWDMN (M304A_09) reports whether withdrawal is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS, generally modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOWMN (MV313), which indicates whether the man's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Diaphragm, foam, or jelly Type of method: Diaphragm, foam, or jelly Type of method: Diaphragm, foam, or jelly Type of method: Diaphragm, foam, or jelly Type of method: Diaphragm, foam, or jelly 202) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD 01. PILL: Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD: Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS: Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL: Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM: Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION: Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION: Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE: Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL: Certain men are careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS: Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS: Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method FPTYPDIAFJMN reports whether the diaphragm, foam, or (spermacidal) jelly are considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS, generally modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOWMN (MV313), which indicates whether the man's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Charms or amulets Type of method: Charms or amulets Type of method: Charms or amulets Type of method: Charms or amulets Type of method: Charms or amulets 202) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD 01. PILL: Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD: Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS: Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL: Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM: Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION: Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION: Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE: Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL: Certain men are careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS: Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS: Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) Modern method 1 Traditional method 2 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPCHARMMN reports whether charms or amulets are considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS, generally modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOWMN (MV313), which indicates whether the man's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Religion Type of method: Religion Type of method: Religion Type of method: Religion Type of method: Religion 202) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD 01. PILL: Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD: Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS: Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL: Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM: Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION: Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION: Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE: Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL: Certain men are careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS: Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS: Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method FPTYPRELIGMN reports whether religion, such as a religious leader or a holy book, is considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. In the DHS, generally modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOWMN (MV313), which indicates whether the man's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Type of method: Other method (unspecified) Type of method: Other method (unspecified) Type of method: Other method (unspecified) Type of method: Other method (unspecified) Type of method: Other method (unspecified) 202) Have you ever heard of (METHOD)? READ DESCRIPTION OF EACH METHOD 01. PILL: Women can take a pill every day. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 02. IUD: Some women have a "sterilet" that a doctor or nurse places in their uterus. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 03. INJECTIONS: Women can receive an injection by a doctor or nurse to avoid becoming pregnant for several months. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 04. DIAPHRAGM/FOAM/GEL: Women can put a sponge, suppository, diaphragm, jelly, or cream inside them before intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 05. CONDOM: Men can wear a condom during sexual intercourse. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 06. FEMALE STERILIZATION: Women can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 07. MALE STERILIZATION: Men can undergo an operation in order to avoid having any more children. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 08. RHYTHM, PERIODIC ABSTINENCE: Couples can avoid having sexual intercourse on certain days of the month when the woman is more likely to become pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 09. WITHDRAWAL: Certain men are careful and pull out before ejaculation. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 10. GRIS-GRIS: Women can use an amulet to avoid becoming pregnant. YES/SPONTANEOUS 1 YES/PROBED 2 NO 3 (GO TO NEXT METHOD) 11. OTHER METHODS: Have you heard of other ways or methods that women or men can use to avoid pregnancy? YES/SPONTANEOUS (SPECIFY): ___ 1 NO 3 (GO QUESTION 305) 1 Modern method 2 Traditional method 3 Folkloric method 9 NIU (not in universe) FPTYPOMMN reports whether the unspecified "other" methods are considered to be a modern method, a traditional method, or a folkloric method of family planning in a given sample. The meaning of "other" must be interpreted relative to the specific family planning methods included in a particular sample. In the DHS, generally modern methods are the Pill, IUD, injections, diaphragm, condom, female sterilization, male sterilization, implants, female condom, foam/jelly, lactational amenorrhea, and emergency contraception. Traditional methods are periodic abstinence (rhythm), withdrawal, and abstinence. Folkloric methods are the category "other" and country-specific methods (such as herbs or amulet), which vary across samples. IPUMS-DHS users may be interested in the complementary variable FPTYPNOWMN (MV313), which indicates whether the man's current contraceptive method is modern, traditional, or folkloric. IPUMS Soil type Soil type Soil type Soil type Soil type -998 Missing 0001 Haplic Acrisols 0002 Haplic Acrisols (Alumic) 0003 Haplic Acrisols (Ferric) 0004 Haplic Acrisols (Humic) 0005 Plinthic Acrisols 0006 Vetic Acrisols 0007 Haplic Albeluvisols 0008 Histic Albeluvisols 0009 Umbric Albeluvisols 0010 Cutanic Alisols 0011 Haplic Alisols 0012 Aluandic Andosols 0013 Haplic Andosols 0014 Vitric Andosols 0015 Albic Arenosols 0016 Ferralic Arenosols 0017 Haplic Arenosols 0018 Haplic Arenosols (Calcaric) 0019 Hypoluvic Arenosols 0020 Protic Arenosols 0021 Haplic Calcisols 0022 Haplic Calcisols (Sodic) 0023 Luvic Calcisols 0024 Petric Calcisols 0025 Endogleyic Cambisols 0026 Ferralic Cambisols 0027 Haplic Cambisols 0028 Haplic Cambisols (Calcaric) 0029 Haplic Cambisols (Chromic) 0030 Haplic Cambisols (Dystric) 0031 Haplic Cambisols (Eutric) 0032 Haplic Cambisols (Humic) 0033 Haplic Cambisols (Sodic) 0034 Leptic Cambisols 0035 Vertic Cambisols 0036 Calcic Chernozems 0037 Haplic Chernozems 0038 Luvic Chernozems 0039 Haplic Cryosols 0040 Turbic Cryosols 0041 Vitric Cryosols 0042 Petric Durisols 0043 Acric Ferralsols 0044 Haplic Ferralsols 0045 Haplic Ferralsols (Rhodic) 0046 Haplic Ferralsols (Xanthic) 0047 Umbric Ferralsols 0048 Haplic Fluvisols 0049 Haplic Fluvisols (Arenic) 0050 Haplic Fluvisols (Calcaric) 0051 Haplic Fluvisols (Dystric) 0052 Haplic Fluvisols (Eutric) 0053 Calcic Gleysols 0054 Haplic Gleysols 0055 Haplic Gleysols (Dystric) 0056 Haplic Gleysols (Eutric) 0057 Mollic Gleysols 0058 Umbric Gleysols 0059 Calcic Gypsisols 0060 Haplic Gypsisols 0061 Calcic Histosols 0062 Cryic Histosols 0063 Fibric Histosols 0064 Hemic Histosols 0065 Sapric Histosols 0066 Calcic Kastanozems 0067 Haplic Kastanozems 0068 Haplic Leptosols 0069 Haplic Leptosols (Eutric) 0070 Lithic Leptosols 0071 Mollic Leptosols 0072 Rendzic Leptosols 0073 Haplic Lixisols 0074 Haplic Lixisols (Chromic) 0075 Haplic Lixisols (Ferric) 0076 Albic Luvisols 0077 Calcic Luvisols 0078 Gleyic Luvisols 0079 Haplic Luvisols 0080 Haplic Luvisols (Chromic) 0081 Haplic Luvisols (Ferric) 0082 Leptic Luvisols 0083 Stagnic Luvisols 0084 Vertic Luvisols 0085 Alic Nitisols 0086 Haplic Nitisols (Rhodic) 0087 Haplic Phaeozems 0088 Leptic Phaeozems 0089 Luvic Phaeozems 0090 Endogleyic Planosols 0091 Haplic Planosols (Dystric) 0092 Haplic Planosols (Eutric) 0093 Luvic Planosols 0094 Solodic Planosols 0095 Acric Plinthosols 0096 Lixic Plinthosols 0097 Gleyic Podzols 0098 Haplic Podzols 0099 Aric Regosols 0100 Calcaric Regosols 0101 Haplic Regosols (Dystric) 0102 Haplic Regosols (Eutric) 0103 Haplic Regosols (Sodic) 0104 Leptic Regosols 0105 Gypsic Solonchaks 0106 Haplic Solonchaks 0107 Haplic Solonchaks (Sodic) 0108 Calcic Solonetz 0109 Gleyic Solonetz 0110 Haplic Solonetz 0111 Mollic Solonetz 0112 Luvic Stagnosols 0113 Haplic Umbrisols 0114 Leptic Umbrisols 0115 Calcic Vertisols 0116 Haplic Vertisols 0117 Haplic Vertisols (Eutric) 0118 Mollic Vertisols SOIL reports the predominant soil type within a 5-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The soil attributes reported in SOIL are: soil class (e.g., Leptosols), with 30 class categories, and soil type within that class (e.g., Lithic Leptosols). SOIL is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. SOIL is based on data from SoilGrids [URL omitted from DDI.]. SoilGrids is a system for automated soil mapping based on global soil profile and covariate data. There are 118 different soil types in the world according to SoilGrids [URL omitted from DDI.]. For the full list of codes and their meaning, see the soil legend [URL omitted from DDI.]. SOIL, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Ecoregion of household Ecoregion of household Ecoregion of household Ecoregion of household Ecoregion of household -0998 Missing 10101 Admiralty Islands lowland rain forests 10102 Banda Sea Islands moist deciduous forests 10103 Biak-Numfoor rain forests 10104 Buru rain forests 10105 Central Range montane rain forests 10106 Halmahera rain forests 10107 Huon Peninsula montane rain forests 10108 Yapen rain forests 10109 Lord Howe Island subtropical forests 10110 Louisiade Archipelago rain forests 10111 New Britain-New Ireland lowland rain forests 10112 New Britain-New Ireland montane rain forests 10113 New Caledonia rain forests 10114 Norfolk Island subtropical forests 10115 Northern New Guinea lowland rain and freshwater swamp forests 10116 Northern New Guinea montane rain forests 10117 Queensland tropical rain forests 10118 Seram rain forests 10119 Solomon Islands rain forests 10120 Southeastern Papuan rain forests 10121 Southern New Guinea freshwater swamp forests 10122 Southern New Guinea lowland rain forests 10123 Sulawesi lowland rain forests 10124 Sulawesi montane rain forests 10125 Trobriand Islands rain forests 10126 Vanuatu rain forests 10127 Vogelkop montane rain forests 10128 Vogelkop-Aru lowland rain forests 10201 Lesser Sundas deciduous forests 10202 New Caledonia dry forests 10203 Sumba deciduous forests 10204 Timor and Wetar deciduous forests 10401 Chatham Island temperate forests 10402 Eastern Australian temperate forests 10403 Fiordland temperate forests 10404 Nelson Coast temperate forests 10405 North Island temperate forests 10406 Northland temperate kauri forests 10407 Rakiura Island temperate forests 10408 Richmond temperate forests 10409 Southeast Australia temperate forests 10410 South Island temperate forests 10411 Tasmanian Central Highland forests 10412 Tasmanian temperate forests 10413 Tasmanian temperate rain forests 10414 Westland temperate forests 10701 Arnhem Land tropical savanna 10702 Brigalow tropical savanna 10703 Cape York Peninsula tropical savanna 10704 Carpentaria tropical savanna 10705 Einasleigh upland savanna 10706 Kimberly tropical savanna 10707 Mitchell grass downs 10708 Trans Fly savanna and grasslands 10709 Victoria Plains tropical savanna 10801 Cantebury-Otago tussock grasslands 10802 Eastern Australia mulga shrublands 10803 Southeast Australia temperate savanna 11001 Australian Alps montane grasslands 11002 Central Range sub-alpine grasslands 11003 South Island montane grasslands 11101 Antipodes Subantarctic Islands tundra 11201 Coolgardie woodlands 11202 Esperance mallee 11203 Eyre and York mallee 11204 Jarrah-Karri forest and shrublands 11205 Swan Coastal Plain Scrub and Woodlands 11206 Mount Lofty woodlands 11207 Murray-Darling woodlands and mallee 11208 Naracoorte woodlands 11209 Southwest Australia savanna 11210 Southwest Australia woodlands 11301 Carnarvon xeric shrublands 11302 Central Ranges xeric scrub 11303 Gibson desert 11304 Great Sandy-Tanami desert 11305 Great Victoria desert 11306 Nullarbor Plains xeric shrublands 11307 Pilbara shrublands 11308 Simpson desert 11309 Tirari-Sturt stony desert 11310 Western Australian Mulga shrublands 11401 New Guinea mangroves 21101 Marielandia Antarctic tundra 21102 Maudlandia Antarctic desert 21103 Scotia Sea Islands tundra 21104 Southern Indian Ocean Islands tundra 30101 Albertine Rift montane forests 30102 Atlantic Equatorial coastal forests 30103 Cameroonian Highlands forests 30104 Central Congolian lowland forests 30105 Comoros forests 30106 Cross-Niger transition forests 30107 Cross-Sanaga-Bioko coastal forests 30108 East African montane forests 30109 Eastern Arc forests 30110 Eastern Congolian swamp forests 30111 Eastern Guinean forests 30112 Ethiopian montane forests 30113 Granitic Seychelles forests 30114 Guinean montane forests 30115 Knysna-Amatole montane forests 30116 KwaZulu-Cape coastal forest mosaic 30117 Madagascar lowland forests 30118 Madagascar subhumid forests 30119 Maputaland coastal forest mosaic 30120 Mascarene forests 30121 Mount Cameroon and Bioko montane forests 30122 Niger Delta swamp forests 30123 Nigerian lowland forests 30124 Northeastern Congolian lowland forests 30125 Northern Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal forest mosaic 30126 Northwestern Congolian lowland forests 30127 Sao Tome, Principe and Annobon moist lowland forests 30128 Southern Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal forest mosaic 30129 Western Congolian swamp forests 30130 Western Guinean lowland forests 30201 Cape Verde Islands dry forests 30202 Madagascar dry deciduous forests 30203 Zambezian Cryptosepalum dry forests 30701 Angolan Miombo woodlands 30702 Angolan Mopane woodlands 30703 Ascension scrub and grasslands 30704 Central Zambezian Miombo woodlands 30705 East Sudanian savanna 30706 Eastern Miombo woodlands 30707 Guinean forest-savanna mosaic 30708 Itigi-Sumbu thicket 30709 Kalahari Acacia-Baikiaea woodlands 30710 Mandara Plateau mosaic 30711 Northern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets 30712 Northern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic 30713 Sahelian Acacia savanna 30714 Serengeti volcanic grasslands 30715 Somali Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets 30716 Southern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets 30717 Southern Africa bushveld 30718 Southern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic 30719 Southern Miombo woodlands 30720 St. Helena scrub and woodlands 30721 Victoria Basin forest-savanna mosaic 30722 West Sudanian savanna 30723 Western Congolian forest-savanna mosaic 30724 Western Zambezian grasslands 30725 Zambezian and Mopane woodlands 30726 Zambezian Baikiaea woodlands 30801 Al Hajar montane woodlands 30802 Amsterdam and Saint-Paul Islands temperate grasslands 30803 Tristan Da Cunha-Gough Islands shrub and grasslands 30901 East African halophytics 30902 Etosha Pan halophytics 30903 Inner Niger Delta flooded savanna 30904 Lake Chad flooded savanna 30905 Saharan flooded grasslands 30906 Zambezian coastal flooded savanna 30907 Zambezian flooded grasslands 30908 Zambezian halophytics 31001 Angolan montane forest-grassland mosaic 31002 Angolan scarp savanna and woodlands 31003 Drakensberg alti-montane grasslands and woodlands 31004 Drakensberg montane grasslands, woodlands and forests 31005 East African montane moorlands 31006 Eastern Zimbabwe montane forest-grassland mosaic 31007 Ethiopian montane grasslands and woodlands 31008 Ethiopian montane moorlands 31009 Highveld grasslands 31010 Jos Plateau forest-grassland mosaic 31011 Madagascar ericoid thickets 31012 Maputaland-Pondoland bushland and thickets 31013 Rwenzori-Virunga montane moorlands 31014 South Malawi montane forest-grassland mosaic 31015 Southern Rift montane forest-grassland mosaic 31201 Albany thickets 31202 Lowland fynbos and renosterveld 31203 Montane fynbos and renosterveld 31301 Aldabra Island xeric scrub 31302 Arabian Peninsula coastal fog desert 31303 East Saharan montane xeric woodlands 31304 Eritrean coastal desert 31305 Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands 31306 Gulf of Oman desert and semi-desert 31307 Hobyo grasslands and shrublands 31308 Ile Europa and Bassas da India xeric scrub 31309 Kalahari xeric savanna 31310 Kaokoveld desert 31311 Madagascar spiny thickets 31312 Madagascar succulent woodlands 31313 Masai xeric grasslands and shrublands 31314 Nama Karoo 31315 Namib desert 31316 Namibian savanna woodlands 31318 Socotra Island xeric shrublands 31319 Somali montane xeric woodlands 31320 Southwestern Arabian foothills savanna 31321 Southwestern Arabian montane woodlands 31322 Succulent Karoo 31401 Central African mangroves 31402 East African mangroves 31403 Guinean mangroves 31404 Madagascar mangroves 31405 Southern Africa mangroves 40101 Andaman Islands rain forests 40102 Borneo lowland rain forests 40103 Borneo montane rain forests 40104 Borneo peat swamp forests 40105 Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests 40106 Cardamom Mountains rain forests 40107 Chao Phraya freshwater swamp forests 40108 Chao Phraya lowland moist deciduous forests 40109 Chin Hills-Arakan Yoma montane forests 40110 Christmas and Cocos Islands tropical forests 40111 Eastern highlands moist deciduous forests 40112 Eastern Java-Bali montane rain forests 40113 Eastern Java-Bali rain forests 40114 Greater Negros-Panay rain forests 40115 Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests 40116 Irrawaddy freshwater swamp forests 40117 Irrawaddy moist deciduous forests 40118 Jian Nan subtropical evergreen forests 40119 Kayah-Karen montane rain forests 40120 Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests 40121 Luang Prabang montane rain forests 40122 Luzon montane rain forests 40123 Luzon rain forests 40124 Malabar Coast moist forests 40125 Maldives-Lakshadweep-Chagos Archipelago tropical moist forests 40126 Meghalaya subtropical forests 40127 Mentawai Islands rain forests 40128 Mindanao montane rain forests 40129 Mindanao-Eastern Visayas rain forests 40130 Mindoro rain forests 40131 Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rain forests 40132 Myanmar coastal rain forests 40133 Nicobar Islands rain forests 40134 North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests 40135 North Western Ghats montane rain forests 40136 Northern Annamites rain forests 40137 Northern Indochina subtropical forests 40138 Northern Khorat Plateau moist deciduous forests 40139 Northern Thailand-Laos moist deciduous forests 40140 Northern Triangle subtropical forests 40141 Northern Vietnam lowland rain forests 40142 Orissa semi-evergreen forests 40143 Palawan rain forests 40144 Peninsular Malaysian montane rain forests 40145 Peninsular Malaysian peat swamp forests 40146 Peninsular Malaysian rain forests 40147 Red River freshwater swamp forests 40148 South China Sea Islands 40149 South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests 40150 South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests 40151 South Western Ghats montane rain forests 40152 Southern Annamites montane rain forests 40153 Southwest Borneo freshwater swamp forests 40154 Sri Lanka lowland rain forests 40155 Sri Lanka montane rain forests 40156 Sulu Archipelago rain forests 40157 Sumatran freshwater swamp forests 40158 Sumatran lowland rain forests 40159 Sumatran montane rain forests 40160 Sumatran peat swamp forests 40161 Sundaland heath forests 40162 Sundarbans freshwater swamp forests 40163 Tenasserim-South Thailand semi-evergreen rain forests 40164 Tonle Sap freshwater swamp forests 40165 Tonle Sap-Mekong peat swamp forests 40166 Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests 40167 Western Java montane rain forests 40168 Western Java rain forests 40169 Hainan Island monsoon rain forests 40170 Nansei Islands subtropical evergreen forests 40171 South Taiwan monsoon rain forests 40172 Taiwan subtropical evergreen forests 40201 Central Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests 40202 Central Indochina dry forests 40203 Chhota-Nagpur dry deciduous forests 40204 East Deccan dry-evergreen forests 40205 Irrawaddy dry forests 40206 Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests 40207 Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests 40208 Northern dry deciduous forests 40209 South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests 40210 Southeastern Indochina dry evergreen forests 40211 Southern Vietnam lowland dry forests 40212 Sri Lanka dry-zone dry evergreen forests 40301 Himalayan subtropical pine forests 40302 Luzon tropical pine forests 40303 Northeast India-Myanmar pine forests 40304 Sumatran tropical pine forests 40401 Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests 40402 Northern Triangle temperate forests 40403 Western Himalayan broadleaf forests 40501 Eastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests 40502 Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests 40701 Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands 40901 Rann of Kutch seasonal salt marsh 41001 Kinabalu montane alpine meadows 41301 Deccan thorn scrub forests 41302 Indus Valley desert 41303 Northwestern thorn scrub forests 41304 Thar desert 41401 Goadavari-Krishna mangroves 41402 Indochina mangroves 41403 Indus River Delta-Arabian Sea mangroves 41404 Myanmar Coast mangroves 41405 Sunda Shelf mangroves 41406 Sundarbans mangroves 50201 Sonoran-Sinaloan transition subtropical dry forest 50301 Bermuda subtropical conifer forests 50302 Sierra Madre Occidental pine-oak forests 50303 Sierra Madre Oriental pine-oak forests 50401 Allegheny Highlands forests 50402 Appalachian mixed mesophytic forests 50403 Appalachian-Blue Ridge forests 50404 Central U.S. hardwood forests 50405 East Central Texas forests 50406 Eastern forest-boreal transition 50407 Eastern Great Lakes lowland forests 50408 Gulf of St. Lawrence lowland forests 50409 Mississippi lowland forests 50410 New England-Acadian forests 50411 Northeastern coastal forests 50412 Ozark Mountain forests 50413 Southeastern mixed forests 50414 Southern Great Lakes forests 50415 Upper Midwest forest-savanna transition 50416 Western Great Lakes forests 50417 Willamette Valley forests 50501 Alberta Mountain forests 50502 Alberta-British Columbia foothills forests 50503 Arizona Mountains forests 50504 Atlantic coastal pine barrens 50505 Blue Mountains forests 50506 British Columbia mainland coastal forests 50507 Cascade Mountains leeward forests 50508 Central and Southern Cascades forests 50509 Central British Columbia Mountain forests 50510 Central Pacific coastal forests 50511 Colorado Rockies forests 50512 Eastern Cascades forests 50513 Florida sand pine scrub 50514 Fraser Plateau and Basin complex 50515 Great Basin montane forests 50516 Klamath-Siskiyou forests 50517 Middle Atlantic coastal forests 50518 North Central Rockies forests 50519 Northern California coastal forests 50520 Northern Pacific coastal forests 50521 Northern transitional alpine forests 50522 Okanagan dry forests 50523 Piney Woods forests 50524 Puget lowland forests 50525 Queen Charlotte Islands 50526 Sierra Juarez and San Pedro Martir pine-oak forests 50527 Sierra Nevada forests 50528 South Central Rockies forests 50529 Southeastern conifer forests 50530 Wasatch and Uinta montane forests 50601 Alaska Peninsula montane taiga 50602 Central Canadian Shield forests 50603 Cook Inlet taiga 50604 Copper Plateau taiga 50605 Eastern Canadian forests 50606 Eastern Canadian Shield taiga 50607 Interior Alaska-Yukon lowland taiga 50608 Mid-Continental Canadian forests 50609 Midwestern Canadian Shield forests 50610 Muskwa-Slave Lake forests 50611 Newfoundland Highland forests 50612 Northern Canadian Shield taiga 50613 Northern Cordillera forests 50614 Northwest Territories taiga 50615 South Avalon-Burin oceanic barrens 50616 Southern Hudson Bay taiga 50617 Yukon Interior dry forests 50701 Western Gulf coastal grasslands 50801 California Central Valley grasslands 50802 Canadian Aspen forests and parklands 50803 Central and Southern mixed grasslands 50804 Central forest-grasslands transition 50805 Central tall grasslands 50806 Edwards Plateau savanna 50807 Flint Hills tall grasslands 50808 Montana Valley and Foothill grasslands 50809 Nebraska Sand Hills mixed grasslands 50810 Northern mixed grasslands 50811 Northern short grasslands 50812 Northern tall grasslands 50813 Palouse grasslands 50814 Texas blackland prairies 50815 Western short grasslands 51101 Alaska-St. Elias Range tundra 51102 Aleutian Islands tundra 51103 Arctic coastal tundra 51104 Arctic foothills tundra 51105 Baffin coastal tundra 51106 Beringia lowland tundra 51107 Beringia upland tundra 51108 Brooks-British Range tundra 51109 Davis Highlands tundra 51110 High Arctic tundra 51111 Interior Yukon-Alaska alpine tundra 51112 Kalaallit Nunaat high arctic tundra 51113 Kalaallit Nunaat low arctic tundra 51114 Low Arctic tundra 51115 Middle Arctic tundra 51116 Ogilvie-MacKenzie alpine tundra 51117 Pacific Coastal Mountain icefields and tundra 51118 Torngat Mountain tundra 51201 California coastal sage and chaparral 51202 California interior chaparral and woodlands 51203 California montane chaparral and woodlands 51301 Baja California desert 51302 Central Mexican matorral 51303 Chihuahuan desert 51304 Colorado Plateau shrublands 51305 Great Basin shrub steppe 51306 Gulf of California xeric scrub 51307 Meseta Central matorral 51308 Mojave desert 51309 Snake-Columbia shrub steppe 51310 Sonoran desert 51311 Tamaulipan matorral 51312 Tamaulipan mezquital 51313 Wyoming Basin shrub steppe 60101 Araucaria moist forests 60102 Atlantic Coast restingas 60103 Bahia coastal forests 60104 Bahia interior forests 60105 Bolivian Yungas 60106 Caatinga Enclaves moist forests 60107 Caqueta moist forests 60108 Catatumbo moist forests 60109 Cauca Valley montane forests 60110 Cayos Miskitos-San Andrés and Providencia moist forests 60111 Central American Atlantic moist forests 60112 Central American montane forests 60113 Chiapas montane forests 60114 Chimalapas montane forests 60115 Chocó-Darién moist forests 60116 Cocos Island moist forests 60117 Cordillera La Costa montane forests 60118 Cordillera Oriental montane forests 60119 Costa Rican seasonal moist forests 60120 Cuban moist forests 60121 Eastern Cordillera real montane forests 60122 Eastern Panamanian montane forests 60123 Fernando de Noronha-Atol das Rocas moist forests 60124 Guianan Highlands moist forests 60125 Guianan moist forests 60126 Gurupa varzeá 60127 Hispaniolan moist forests 60128 Iquitos varzeá 60129 Isthmian-Atlantic moist forests 60130 Isthmian-Pacific moist forests 60131 Jamaican moist forests 60132 Japurá-Solimoes-Negro moist forests 60133 Juruá-Purus moist forests 60134 Leeward Islands moist forests 60135 Madeira-Tapajós moist forests 60136 Magdalena Valley montane forests 60137 Magdalena-Urabá moist forests 60138 Marajó varzeá 60139 Maranhão Babaçu forests 60140 Mato Grosso seasonal forests 60141 Monte Alegre varzeá 60142 Napo moist forests 60143 Negro-Branco moist forests 60144 Northeastern Brazil restingas 60145 Northwestern Andean montane forests 60146 Oaxacan montane forests 60147 Orinoco Delta swamp forests 60148 Pantanos de Centla 60149 Guianan freshwater swamp forests 60150 Alto Paraná Atlantic forests 60151 Pernambuco coastal forests 60152 Pernambuco interior forests 60153 Peruvian Yungas 60154 Petén-Veracruz moist forests 60155 Puerto Rican moist forests 60156 Purus varzeá 60157 Purus-Madeira moist forests 60158 Rio Negro campinarana 60159 Santa Marta montane forests 60160 Serra do Mar coastal forests 60161 Sierra de los Tuxtlas 60162 Sierra Madre de Chiapas moist forests 60163 Solimões-Japurá moist forests 60164 South Florida rocklands 60165 Southern Andean Yungas 60166 Southwest Amazon moist forests 60167 Talamancan montane forests 60168 Tapajós-Xingu moist forests 60169 Pantepui 60170 Tocantins/Pindare moist forests 60171 Trinidad and Tobago moist forests 60172 Trindade-Martin Vaz Islands tropical forests 60173 Uatuma-Trombetas moist forests 60174 Ucayali moist forests 60175 Venezuelan Andes montane forests 60176 Veracruz moist forests 60177 Veracruz montane forests 60178 Western Ecuador moist forests 60179 Windward Islands moist forests 60180 Xingu-Tocantins-Araguaia moist forests 60181 Yucatán moist forests 60182 Guianan piedmont and lowland moist forests 60201 Apure-Villavicencio dry forests 60202 Atlantic dry forests 60204 Bajío dry forests 60205 Balsas dry forests 60206 Bolivian montane dry forests 60207 Cauca Valley dry forests 60209 Central American dry forests 60210 Dry Chaco 60211 Chiapas Depression dry forests 60212 Chiquitano dry forests 60213 Cuban dry forests 60214 Ecuadorian dry forests 60215 Hispaniolan dry forests 60216 Islas Revillagigedo dry forests 60217 Jalisco dry forests 60218 Jamaican dry forests 60219 Lara-Falcón dry forests 60220 Lesser Antillean dry forests 60221 Magdalena Valley dry forests 60222 Maracaibo dry forests 60223 Marañón dry forests 60224 Panamanian dry forests 60225 Patía Valley dry forests 60226 Puerto Rican dry forests 60227 Sierra de la Laguna dry forests 60228 Sinaloan dry forests 60229 Sinú Valley dry forests 60230 Southern Pacific dry forests 60232 Tumbes-Piura dry forests 60233 Veracruz dry forests 60235 Yucatán dry forests 60301 Bahamian pine mosaic 60302 Belizian pine forests 60303 Central American pine-oak forests 60304 Cuban pine forests 60305 Hispaniolan pine forests 60306 Miskito pine forests 60307 Sierra de la Laguna pine-oak forests 60308 Sierra Madre de Oaxaca pine-oak forests 60309 Sierra Madre del Sur pine-oak forests 60310 Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt pine-oak forests 60401 Juan Fernández Islands temperate forests 60402 Magellanic subpolar forests 60403 San Félix-San Ambrosio Islands temperate forests 60404 Valdivian temperate forests 60702 Beni savanna 60703 Campos Rupestres montane savanna 60704 Cerrado 60705 Clipperton Island shrub and grasslands 60707 Guianan savanna 60708 Humid Chaco 60709 Llanos 60710 Uruguayan savanna 60801 Espinal 60802 Low Monte 60803 Humid Pampas 60805 Patagonian steppe 60902 Cuban wetlands 60903 Enriquillo wetlands 60904 Everglades 60905 Guayaquil flooded grasslands 60906 Orinoco wetlands 60907 Pantanal 60908 Paraná flooded savanna 60909 Southern Cone Mesopotamian savanna 61001 Central Andean dry puna 61002 Central Andean puna 61003 Central Andean wet puna 61004 Cordillera Central páramo 61005 Cordillera de Merida páramo 61006 Northern Andean páramo 61007 Santa Marta páramo 61008 Southern Andean steppe 61010 High Monte 61201 Chilean matorral 61301 Araya and Paria xeric scrub 61303 Atacama desert 61304 Caatinga 61305 Caribbean shrublands 61306 Cuban cactus scrub 61307 Galápagos Islands scrubland mosaic 61308 Guajira-Barranquilla xeric scrub 61309 La Costa xeric shrublands 61311 Malpelo Island xeric scrub 61312 Motagua Valley thornscrub 61313 Paraguana xeric scrub 61314 San Lucan xeric scrub 61315 Sechura desert 61316 Tehuacán Valley matorral 61318 St. Peter and St. Paul rocks 61401 Amazon-Orinoco-Southern Caribbean mangroves 61402 Bahamian-Antillean mangroves 61403 Mesoamerican Gulf-Caribbean mangroves 61404 Northern Mesoamerican Pacific mangroves 61405 South American Pacific mangroves 61406 Southern Atlantic mangroves 61407 Southern Mesoamerican Pacific mangroves 70101 Carolines tropical moist forests 70102 Central Polynesian tropical moist forests 70103 Cook Islands tropical moist forests 70104 Eastern Micronesia tropical moist forests 70105 Fiji tropical moist forests 70106 Hawaii tropical moist forests 70107 Kermadec Islands subtropical moist forests 70108 Marquesas tropical moist forests 70109 Ogasawara subtropical moist forests 70110 Palau tropical moist forests 70111 Rapa Nui subtropical broadleaf forests 70112 Samoan tropical moist forests 70113 Society Islands tropical moist forests 70114 Tongan tropical moist forests 70115 Tuamotu tropical moist forests 70116 Tubuai tropical moist forests 70117 Western Polynesian tropical moist forests 70201 Fiji tropical dry forests 70202 Hawaii tropical dry forests 70203 Marianas tropical dry forests 70204 Yap tropical dry forests 70701 Hawaii tropical high shrublands 70702 Hawaii tropical low shrublands 70703 Northwestern Hawaii scrub 80101 Guizhou Plateau broadleaf and mixed forests 80102 Yunnan Plateau subtropical evergreen forests 80401 Appenine deciduous montane forests 80402 Atlantic mixed forests 80403 Azores temperate mixed forests 80404 Balkan mixed forests 80405 Baltic mixed forests 80406 Cantabrian mixed forests 80407 Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests 80408 Caucasus mixed forests 80409 Celtic broadleaf forests 80410 Central Anatolian steppe and woodlands 80411 Central China loess plateau mixed forests 80412 Central European mixed forests 80413 Central Korean deciduous forests 80414 Changbai Mountains mixed forests 80415 Changjiang Plain evergreen forests 80416 Crimean Submediterranean forest complex 80417 Daba Mountains evergreen forests 80418 Dinaric Mountains mixed forests 80419 East European forest steppe 80420 Eastern Anatolian deciduous forests 80421 English Lowlands beech forests 80422 Euxine-Colchic broadleaf forests 80423 Hokkaido deciduous forests 80424 Huang He Plain mixed forests 80425 Madeira evergreen forests 80426 Manchurian mixed forests 80427 Nihonkai evergreen forests 80428 Nihonkai montane deciduous forests 80429 North Atlantic moist mixed forests 80430 Northeast China Plain deciduous forests 80431 Pannonian mixed forests 80432 Po Basin mixed forests 80433 Pyrenees conifer and mixed forests 80434 Qin Ling Mountains deciduous forests 80435 Rodope montane mixed forests 80436 Sarmatic mixed forests 80437 Sichuan Basin evergreen broadleaf forests 80438 South Sakhalin-Kurile mixed forests 80439 Southern Korea evergreen forests 80440 Taiheiyo evergreen forests 80441 Taiheiyo montane deciduous forests 80442 Tarim Basin deciduous forests and steppe 80443 Ussuri broadleaf and mixed forests 80444 Western Siberian hemiboreal forests 80445 Western European broadleaf forests 80446 Zagros Mountains forest steppe 80501 Alps conifer and mixed forests 80502 Altai montane forest and forest steppe 80503 Caledon conifer forests 80504 Carpathian montane forests 80505 Da Hinggan-Dzhagdy Mountains conifer forests 80506 East Afghan montane conifer forests 80507 Elburz Range forest steppe 80508 Helanshan montane conifer forests 80509 Hengduan Mountains subalpine conifer forests 80510 Hokkaido montane conifer forests 80511 Honshu alpine conifer forests 80512 Khangai Mountains conifer forests 80513 Mediterranean conifer and mixed forests 80514 Northeastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests 80515 Northern Anatolian conifer and deciduous forests 80516 Nujiang Langcang Gorge alpine conifer and mixed forests 80517 Qilian Mountains conifer forests 80518 Qionglai-Minshan conifer forests 80519 Sayan montane conifer forests 80520 Scandinavian coastal conifer forests 80521 Tian Shan montane conifer forests 80601 East Siberian taiga 80602 Iceland boreal birch forests and alpine tundra 80603 Kamchatka-Kurile meadows and sparse forests 80604 Kamchatka-Kurile taiga 80605 Northeast Siberian taiga 80606 Okhotsk-Manchurian taiga 80607 Sakhalin Island taiga 80608 Scandinavian and Russian taiga 80609 Trans-Baikal conifer forests 80610 Ural montane forests and tundra 80611 West Siberian taiga 80801 Alai-Western Tian Shan steppe 80802 Altai steppe and semi-desert 80803 Central Anatolian steppe 80804 Daurian forest steppe 80805 Eastern Anatolian montane steppe 80806 Emin Valley steppe 80807 Faroe Islands boreal grasslands 80808 Gissaro-Alai open woodlands 80809 Kazakh forest steppe 80810 Kazakh steppe 80811 Kazakh upland 80812 Middle East steppe 80813 Mongolian-Manchurian grassland 80814 Pontic steppe 80815 Sayan Intermontane steppe 80816 Selenge-Orkhon forest steppe 80817 South Siberian forest steppe 80818 Tian Shan foothill arid steppe 80901 Amur meadow steppe 80902 Bohai Sea saline meadow 80903 Nenjiang River grassland 80904 Nile Delta flooded savanna 80905 Saharan halophytics 80906 Tigris-Euphrates alluvial salt marsh 80907 Suiphun-Khanka meadows and forest meadows 80908 Yellow Sea saline meadow 81001 Altai alpine meadow and tundra 81002 Central Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe 81003 Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows 81004 Ghorat-Hazarajat alpine meadow 81005 Hindu Kush alpine meadow 81006 Karakoram-West Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe 81007 Khangai Mountains alpine meadow 81008 Kopet Dag woodlands and forest steppe 81009 Kuh Rud and Eastern Iran montane woodlands 81010 Mediterranean High Atlas juniper steppe 81011 North Tibetan Plateau-Kunlun Mountains alpine desert 81012 Northwestern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows 81013 Ordos Plateau steppe 81014 Pamir alpine desert and tundra 81015 Qilian Mountains subalpine meadows 81016 Sayan Alpine meadows and tundra 81017 Southeast Tibet shrublands and meadows 81018 Sulaiman Range alpine meadows 81019 Tian Shan montane steppe and meadows 81020 Tibetan Plateau alpine shrublands and meadows 81021 Western Himalayan alpine shrub and Meadows 81022 Yarlung Tsangpo arid steppe 81101 Arctic desert 81102 Bering tundra 81103 Cherskii-Kolyma mountain tundra 81104 Chukchi Peninsula tundra 81105 Kamchatka Mountain tundra and forest tundra 81106 Kola Peninsula tundra 81107 Northeast Siberian coastal tundra 81108 Northwest Russian-Novaya Zemlya tundra 81109 Novosibirsk Islands arctic desert 81110 Scandinavian Montane Birch forest and grasslands 81111 Taimyr-Central Siberian tundra 81112 Trans-Baikal Bald Mountain tundra 81113 Wrangel Island arctic desert 81114 Yamal-Gydan tundra 81201 Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests 81202 Anatolian conifer and deciduous mixed forests 81203 Canary Islands dry woodlands and forests 81204 Corsican montane broadleaf and mixed forests 81205 Crete Mediterranean forests 81206 Cyprus Mediterranean forests 81207 Eastern Mediterranean conifer-sclerophyllous-broadleaf forests 81208 Iberian conifer forests 81209 Iberian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests 81210 Illyrian deciduous forests 81211 Italian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests 81212 Mediterranean acacia-argania dry woodlands and succulent thickets 81213 Mediterranean dry woodlands and steppe 81214 Mediterranean woodlands and forests 81215 Northeastern Spain and Southern France Mediterranean forests 81216 Northwest Iberian montane forests 81217 Pindus Mountains mixed forests 81218 South Appenine mixed montane forests 81219 Southeastern Iberian shrubs and woodlands 81220 Southern Anatolian montane conifer and deciduous forests 81221 Southwest Iberian Mediterranean sclerophyllous and mixed forests 81222 Tyrrhenian-Adriatic Sclerophyllous and mixed forests 81301 Afghan Mountains semi-desert 81302 Alashan Plateau semi-desert 81303 Arabian Desert and East Sahero-Arabian xeric shrublands 81304 Atlantic coastal desert 81305 Azerbaijan shrub desert and steppe 81306 Badghyz and Karabil semi-desert 81307 Baluchistan xeric woodlands 81308 Caspian lowland desert 81309 Central Afghan Mountains xeric woodlands 81310 Central Asian northern desert 81311 Central Asian riparian woodlands 81312 Central Asian southern desert 81313 Central Persian desert basins 81314 Eastern Gobi desert steppe 81315 Gobi Lakes Valley desert steppe 81316 Great Lakes Basin desert steppe 81317 Junggar Basin semi-desert 81318 Kazakh semi-desert 81319 Kopet Dag semi-desert 81320 Mesopotamian shrub desert 81321 North Saharan steppe and woodlands 81322 Paropamisus xeric woodlands 81323 Persian Gulf desert and semi-desert 81324 Qaidam Basin semi-desert 81325 Red Sea Nubo-Sindian tropical desert and semi-desert 81326 Registan-North Pakistan sandy desert 81327 Sahara desert 81328 South Iran Nubo-Sindian desert and semi-desert 81329 South Saharan steppe and woodlands 81330 Taklimakan desert 81331 Tibesti-Jebel Uweinat montane xeric woodlands 81332 West Saharan montane xeric woodlands 81333 Red Sea coastal desert ECOREGION reports the predominant terrestrial ecoregion within a 5-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. ECOREGION reports the biogeographic region (e.g., Afrotropic), the habitat type (e.g., tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands), and the ecoregion (e.g., East Sudanian savanna) that are associated with each cluster location. ECOREGION is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. There are 825 terrestrial ecoregions in the world. Ecoregions are relatively large units of land containing distinct assemblages of natural communities and species, with boundaries that approximate the original extent of natural communities prior to major land-use change. The 5-digit codes in ECOREGION (e.g., 30129) include a 1-digit realm code (with 8 possible values), followed by a 2-digit biome code (with 14 possible values), and then a 2-digit ecoregion number. For the full list of codes and their meaning, see the ecoregion legend [URL omitted from DDI.]. ECOREGION, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Livelihood zone of household Livelihood zone of household Livelihood zone of household Livelihood zone of household Livelihood zone of household -00998 Missing 004001 Eastern Pastoral and Forest Zone 004002 Eastern Agro-Pastoral and Forest Zone 004003 Eastern Agro-Pastoral and Rangeland Zone 004004 Eastern Semi-Arid Agricultural Zone 004005 Eastern Agricultural and Labor-Based Zone 004006 Eastern Intensively Irrigated Zone 004007 Eastern Cross-Border Trade and Labor-Based Zone 004008 Eastern Irrigated and Rainfed Agricultural Zone 004009 East-Central Irrigated Zone 004010 Southern Intensively Irrigated Cash Crop Zone 004011 Southern Semi-Arid Agro-Pastoral Zone 004012 South-Central Agro-Pastoral and Labor-Based Zone 004013 Southern Desert Zone 004014 South-Central Agro-Pastoral Zone 004015 North-Western Agro-Pastoral and Pistachio Zone 004016 Western Intensively Irrigated Zone 004017 Western Semi-Arid Agro-Pastoral Zone 004018 West-Central Highland Agro-Pastoral Zone 004019 Western and Southern Cross-Border Trade and Labor Zone 004020 North-Eastern Highland Agro-Pastoral Zone 004021 Salangi Plains Mixed Farming Zone 004022 Northern Lowland Cereals and Livestock Zone 004023 Northern High Cereals Production Zone 004024 North-Central Agro-Pastoral Zone 004025 Northern Irrigated and Rainfed Mixed Farming Zone 004026 Northern Intensively Irrigated Agricultural Zone 004027 Amo River Irrigation and Cross-Border Trade Zone 004028 East-Central Agro-Forestry Zone 004029 Central Cash-Crop and Livestock Zone 024001 Coastal fishing, horticulture, and non-farm income 024002 Transitional banana and pineapple farming 024003 Southern livestock, millet, and sorghum 024004 Sub humid livestock and maize 024005 Mid-eastern cassava and savannah forest 024006 Central highlands potato and vegetables 024007 Central highlands maize and beans 024008 Transitional lowland maize, cassava, and beans 024009 Tropical forest, cassava, banana, and coffee 024010 Savannah forest and market-oriented cassava 024011 Savannah forest and subsistence cassava 024012 Fishing, cassava, and cross-border trade 024013 Coastal livestock ranching 108001 Buragane 108002 Congo Ridge Millet 108003 Eastern Lowlands 108004 Northern Lowlands 108005 Northern Highlands 108006 Southern Highlands 108007 Imbo Plain 108008 Humid Plateaus 108009 Eastern Arid Plateaus 140001 Southeast cassava, peanuts, and maize 140002 Northeast hunting and food crops 140003 Northern sorghum and millet 140004 East central mining, cassava, and peanuts 140005 Southern coffee, cassava, and maize 140006 Central cassava, peanuts, and maize 140007 Central cotton, cassava, and maize 140008 Northern cotton, cassava, and sorghum 140009 Western cassava, maize, and peanuts 140010 Southern maize, citrus fruits, and vegetables 140011 Southwest cassava, coffee, gathering, and mining 148001 Southern Staple and Cash Crops 148002 Southwest Rice 148003 South-central Cereals 148004 Southeast Flood Retreat and Gum Arabic 148005 Central Agropastoral 148006 Eastern Rainfed Cereals and Market Gardening 148007 Transhumance 148008 Western Agropastoral and Fishing 148009 Northern Oasis Cultivation with Camels and Natron 180001 Copperbelt and Marginal Agriculture 180002 Savannah Manioc 180003 Savannah Surplus Maize 180004 Kamalondo Depression 180005 Southern Tanganyika-Mwero Fishing 180006 Maniema Savannah Agriculture 180007 High Food Production and Surplus Trade 180008 Northern Tanganyika Midland Agriculture 180009 Agropastoral Mountains 180010 Midland Agricultural Savannah 180011 Rutshuru Volcanic Soils and Agriculture 180012 Forest Cultivation and Products 180013 Artisanal Mining with Agriculture 180014 Northeast Highlands Agriculture 180015 Orientale Fishing with Agriculture 180016 Northern Plateau Cassava, Maize, Groundnuts and Beans 180017 Bumba Rice and Tubers 180018 Bomongo and Makanza Districts Intensive Fishing 180019 Fishing and Staples Riverine 180020 Cuvette Centrale Staple Crops, Fishing and Charcoal 180021 Equatorial Forest, Hunting, Fishing and Staple Crops 180022 Lighter Forest with Rice and Cassava 180023 Savannah with Cassava and Cowpeas and Small Livestock 180024 High Food Crop Production and Trading 180025 Intensive Artisanal Diamond Exploitation with Crop Cultivation 180026 Clay Soils with High Production of Cassava and Maize, and Cattle 180027 Agropastoral – Staple Crops, Small Stock and Cattle and Wild Foods 180028 Agriculture with High Production and Marketing 180029 Cassava, Maize and Groundnuts 180030 Market Gardening and Staple Crops 180031 River Fishing and Staple Crops 180032 Coastal Ocean Fishing and Kitchen Gardening 180033 Forest – Staple Crops, Cash Crops and Market Gardening 180034 Kinshasa Peri-urban 222001 Basic Grain and Labor Zone 222002 Coffee, Agro-Industrial and Labor Zone 222003 Sugarcane, Agro-Industry and Labor Zone 222004 Eastern Basic Grain, Labor, Livestock and Remittance Zone 222005 Central Free-Trade, Services and Industrial Labor Zone 222006 Fishing, Aquaculture and Tourism Zone 231001 Addis Ababa City 231002 Asale Agropastoral 231003 Awsa-Gewane Agropastoral 231004 Aramiss - Adaar Pastoral 231005 Asale Pastoral 231006 Chenno Agropastoral 231007 Eli daar Pastoral 231008 Namalefan & Baadu Pastoral 231009 Teru Pastoral 231010 Abay Beshilo River Basin 231011 Abay Tekeze Watershed 231012 Central Highland Barley & Potato 231013 Cheffa valley 231014 Guna Highland 231015 Merhabete Lowland Sorghum and teff 231016 Minjar teff and livestock 231017 Minjar teff and sorghum 231018 North Wollo Highland Belg 231019 North East Woyna Dega Mixed Cereal 231020 North Shewa highland sheep and barley 231021 North Shewa Highland Wheat and Teff productive 231022 N Highland wheat, Barley & Sheep 231023 NorthWest Cash Crop 231024 North Wollo East Plain 231025 NorthWest Sorghum Belt 231026 South Wollo Meher 231027 South Wollo Belg 231028 South West Maize, Finger Millet and Teff productive 231029 South Wollo & Oromia Eastern lowland sorghum & cattle 231030 South East Woyna Dega Teff 231031 South West Woyna Dega wheat 231032 Tekeze Lowland Sorghum and Goats 231033 Tana Zuria 231034 South Wollo Meher and Belg 231035 Central Kolla Sorghum, Maize & Millet 231036 Midland Teff & Coffee 231037 Western Dry Kolla Sorghum, Maize & Mining 231038 Meketel Highland Cereal & Pulses 231039 Gambella Agropastoral 231040 Gambella Coffee, Honey & Cereal LZ 231041 Gambella Mixed Agriculture 231042 No Data 231043 Arsi Bale Wheat, Barley & Potato 231044 Anfilo Coffee Monoculture & Honey 231045 Abe Dongoro-Diga-Sasiga Coffee & Sorghum 231046 Adaba Dodola Community Forest 231047 Agarfa, Gasera, Ginir & Gololcha Fruit, Coffee & Chat 231048 Ambo Selale Ginderberet Teff & Wheat 231049 Abijata Shala Jido Agro-Pastoral 231050 Abay Gorge Sesame, Maize & Honey 231051 Ameya-Wolisso-Ambo Teff & Cattle 231052 Becho-Adea Teff & Chickpea 231053 Borena-Guji Maize, Wheat & Livestock 231054 Borena-Guji Coffee & Enset 231055 Borena-Guji Cattle Pastoralist 231056 Bale Agro-Pastoral 231057 Bale Pastoralist 231058 Chercher & Gololcha Chole Coffee, Maize & Chat 231059 Central Horo Teff, Nug & Cattle 231060 Chebo-Inchini Enset, Barley & Cattle 231061 Chat & Vegetables 231062 Dallo, Barbare & Arana-Buluk Coffee 231063 Dale-Lalo Sorghum & Maize 231064 Didessa-Gibe-Wama Valley Sorghum, Maize & Oilcrops 231065 Ebantu-Limu Teff & Cattle 231066 Guduru-Amuru Maize, Teff & Cattle 231067 Guji-Borena Enset, Barley & Cattle 231068 Gerbo Enset & Chat 231069 Gursum-Babile Groundnuts & Sorghum 231070 Gera-Setema-Sale Forest Teff, Honey & Cattle 231071 Gibe Maize & Peppers 231072 Goro-Ginir Spice & Wheat 231073 Anger Maize, Sorghum & Finger Millet 231074 Illu-Wellega-Birbir Maize, Peppers & Sesame 231075 Jimma-Illubabur Coffee, Cereals & Chat 231076 Jaldu-Dendi-Ilfata Barley & Potato 231077 Jimma-Yama Logi Teff & Maize 231078 Kofele Kokosa Enset & Cattle Belt 231079 Muger-Abay-Jema Sorghum & Teff Belt 231080 Melka Awash-Ochocha Mid-Highland Wheat & Teff 231081 Moyale Agro-Pastoral, Labour & Cross-Border Trade 231082 Moyale Cattle, Shoats & Camel Pastoralist 231083 Market-Isolated Cattle & Shoat Pastoralist 231084 Kereyu Pastoral 231085 Mendi-Dabisu Maize, Sesame & Cattle 231086 North-East Agro-Pastoral 231087 Nadda-Gilgel Gibe Maize, Teff and Sorghum 231088 Nole-Meko-Diga Teff & Cattle 231089 Nejo-Dilla Teff, Finger Millet & Nug 231090 Southern Agro-Pastoral 231091 Keto-Begi Cereals & Cattle 231092 Robe Chole Sude & Seru Teff Maize Haricot Bean Belt 231093 Rift Valley Maize & Horse Bean 231094 Selale-Ambo Highland Barley, Wheat and Horsebean belt 231095 Soddo Highland Wheat, Barley & Enset 231096 Siraro Kofele Potato & Vegetables 231097 Sorghum, Maize & Chat 231098 Shirka Ticho Spice & Teff 231099 Wheat, Barley & Potato 231100 Wellega-Dedo Highland Wheat & Barley 231101 Wuchale-Abichu-Kembebit Livestock, 'Wild Oats' & Barley/Wheat 231102 Wellega Coffee, Maize & Sorghum 231103 Amaro Coffee and Enset LZ 231104 Awassa Chat and Enset LZ 231105 Alaba-Mareko Lowland Pepper LZ 231106 Badewacho-Alaba Maize LZ 231107 Bilate Basin Agro-Pastoral LZ 231108 Bench-Keffa Cereal and Enset LZ 231109 Basketo-Melo Coffee and Root Crop LZ 231110 Dawro-Konta Maize and Root Crop LZ 231111 Western Coffee and Spices LZ - Eastern sub-zone 231112 Gedeo Coffee LZ 231113 Gurage-Siltie Highland Enset and Barley LZ 231114 Gurage-Siltie Midland Enset and Chat LZ 231115 Gurage-Siltie Enset and Teff LZ 231116 Gamo Gofa Enset and Barley LZ 231117 Gurage Lowland Maize and Teff LZ 231118 Gamo Gofa Maize and Root Crop LZ 231119 Hadero Ginger LZ 231120 Hadiya Maize LZ 231121 Hadiya-Kembata Cereal and Enset LZ - Hadiya sub zone 231122 Chamo-Abaya Irrigated Banana LZ 231123 Kedida-Badewacho Coffee LZ 231124 Hadiya-Kembata Cereal and Enset LZ - Kembata sub-zone 231125 Kaffa Cereal and Enset LZ 231126 Southern Special Woredas Lowland Cereal LZ 231127 Omo River Flood Recession LZ 231128 Omo Valley Maize and Sorghum LZ 231129 231130 Southern Cereal, Enset and Root Crop LZ 231131 Sidama Coffee LZ 231132 Surma Agro-Pastoral LZ 231133 Sidama-Gedeo Highland Enset and Barley LZ 231134 Sidama Maize Belt LZ 231135 Southern Agro-Pastoral Livelihood Zone 231136 South Omo Crop LZ 231137 South Omo Pastoral LZ 231138 Salamago Pastoral LZ 231139 Sheka Cereal and Enset LZ 231140 Wolayita Ginger and Coffee LZ 231141 Western Coffee and Spices LZ - Western sub-zone 231142 Western Forest Products LZ 231143 Wolayita Maize and Root Crop LZ 231144 Wolayita Barley and Wheat LZ 231145 Yem Cereal and Enset LZ 231146 Afder Pastoral 231147 Degahbur Agropastoral 231148 Dawa-Ganale Riverine 231149 Filtu-Dolo Pastoral 231150 Fik Pastoral 231151 Gode Agropastoral 231152 Harshin-Degahbur East Pastoral 231153 Jijiga Agropastoral 231154 Jijiga Sedentary Farming 231155 Korahe Agropastoral 231156 Korahe-Gode Pastoral 231157 Liban Agropastoral 231158 Lowland-Hawd Pastoral 231159 Moyale-Wayamo Pastoral 231160 No Data 231161 Shinile Agropastoral 231162 Shinile Pastoral 231163 Shabelle Riverine 231164 Adiyabo Lowland 231165 Alaje Ofla Highland 231166 Atsbi Womberta Highland 231167 Central Mixed Crop 231168 Enderta Dry Midland 231169 Eastern Planteau 231170 Gesho and Wheat Highland 231171 Humera Sesame and Sorghum 231172 Irob Mountains 231173 Mereb Basin 231174 Middle Tekeze 231175 Raya Valley 231176 Tsirare Catchment 231177 West Central Teff 231178 Werie Catchment 231179 Western Cereal and Sesame 262001 Northwest Pastoral 262002 Central Pastoral 262003 Southeast Pastoral 262004 Market Gardening 262005 Djibouti City 324001 Coastal: Rice, Fishing, Palm oil 324002 Piedmont: Rice, Groundnut, Horticulture 324003 Central plateau: Horticulture, Fonio, Livestock 324004 Mountain: Livestock, Fonio, Groundnut 324005 Mountain : Rice, Livestock, Fonio 324006 Northern plateau: Rice, Groundnut, Livestock 324007 Savannah with shrubs: Rice, Gold mining, Livestock 324008 Northeast: Maize, Gold mining, Livestock 324009 Wooded savannah: Rice, Manioc, Groundnut 324010 Pre-forest zone: Rice, Manioc, Livestock 324011 Forest: Rice, Palm oil, Coffee 332001 Dry Coastal Maize and Charcoal 332002 North Tubers and Horticulture 332003 Central Plateau Maize and Tubers 332004 Rice Plains of the Artibonite 332005 Western Banana Plains of Arcahaie 332006 West Gardening and Beans 332007 South Beans, Bananas, and Petty Trade 332008 Southwestern Coast Maize, Manioc, and Bush Products 332009 Urban 340000 Casco urbano 340001 Zona de medios de vida litoral Garífuna y de turismo en islas de la Bahía 340002 Zona litoral atlántica productora de aceite de palma 340003 Zona de venta de obra en maquilas, banano y caña de azúcar 340004 Zona Mosquitia de caza y pesca 340005 Zona montañosa de café 340006 Zona de medios de vida pesquera y salinera del Golfo de Fonseca 340007 Zona de granos básicos de subsistencia y remesas 340008 Zona de venta de mano de obra en melón, sandía y camarón 340009 Zona de medios de vida, granos básicos y ganadería 340010 Reserva del Río Platano 404001 Northwestern Pastoral Zone 404002 Turkwell Riverine Zone 404003 Northwestern Agropastoral Zone 404004 Lake Turkana Fishing 404005 Northern Pastoral Zone 404006 Marsabit Marginal Mixed Farming Zone 404007 Northeastern Agropastoral Zone 404008 Mandera Riverine Zone 404009 Northeastern Pastoral Zone 404010 Eastern Pastoral Zone 404011 Southeastern Pastoral Zone 404012 Coastal Medium Potential Farming Zone 404013 Coastal Marginal Agricultural Mixed Farming Zone 404014 Tana Riverine Zone 404015 Southern Pastoral Zone 404016 Southeastern Marginal Mixed Farming Zone 404017 Southeastern Medium Potential, Mixed Farming Zone 404018 Southern Agropastoral Zone 404019 Central Highlands, High Potential Zone 404020 Western Medium Potential Zone 404021 Western High Potential Zone 404022 Western Lakeshore Marginal Mixed Farming Zone 404023 Lake Victoria Fishing Zone 404024 Western Agropastoral Zone 426001 Northern Lowlands 426002 Southern Lowlands 426003 Foothills 426004 Mountains 426005 Senqu River Valley 430001 North-East Rice Farming Palm Oil 430002 North/Central Rice with Cassava and Market Gardening 430003 South-East Rice with Cassava 430004 Coastal Plain Cassava with Rice and Inland Fishing 430005 Coastal Fishing and Cassava 430006 Rice Intercropped and Forest Hunting 430007 Border Cacao and Coffee Farming 430008 Rubber and Charcoal with Food Crops 430009 Peri-Urban: Petty Trade, Market Gardening and Casual Employment 430010 Mining/Concession and Farming Zone 430098 National Parks 430099 Urban Areas 450001 Extreme north: sugar cane, fishing, tourism 450002 North: vanilla, clove, coconut tree 450003 Sofia River basin: tobacco, onion, fishing 450004 Northern highland: rice, zebu 450005 Betsiboka Delta: rice, fishing 450006 Upper Betsiboka: gold mining, rice, cows 450007 Aloatra: rice, fishing, livestock rearing 450008 Toamasina: cloves, coffee, trade 450009 West: rice, fishing, gathering 450010 Agropastoral midwest: rice, maize, pulses 450011 Central Iarivo: rice, market gardening, eucalyptus 450012 Moramanga: forest, petty trade, market gardening 450013 Center-east: litchi, coffee, citrus 450014 Ankaratra: staple crops, horticulture, milk 450015 Tsirobihina Delta: rice, fishing, pulses 450016 South-central peneplain: rice, onion, small livestock 450017 Southern highlands: staple crops, crafts, market gardening 450018 Corridor: forest products, banana 450019 Southeast: coffee, litchi, cassava 450020 Southwest: rice, lima bean 450021 Bara plateau: cows, cassava 450022 Center-south: staple crops, industrial sisal, zebu 450023 Mahafaly plateau: cassava 450024 Extreme south: cassava, maize, livestock rearing 454001 Central Karonga 454002 Chitipa Millet & Maize 454003 Kasungu Lilongwe Plain 454004 Lake Chilwa - Phalombe Plain 454005 Lower Shire 454006 Middle Shire Valley 454007 Misuku Hills 454008 Mzimba Self Sufficient 454009 Nkhata Bay Cassava 454010 Northern Karonga 454011 Northern Lakeshore 454012 Phirilongwe Hills 454013 Rift Valley Escarpment 454014 Shire Highlands 454015 Southern Lakeshore 454016 Thyolo Mulunje Tea Estates 454017 Western Rumphi & Mzimba 454018 Border Productive Horticulture 454019 Urban 454020 National Park 466001 Nomadism and Trans-Saharan Trade 466002 Northern Livestock 466003 Niger Loop Rice and Fishing 466004 Central Livestock, Millet, and Remittances 466005 Dogon Plateau Millet and Shallots 466006 Niger Delta Rice, Cattle, and Fishing 466007 Office du NigerRice and Market Gardening 466008 Northwestern Sorghum, Remittances, and Livestock 466009 Central Sorghum and Millet 466010 Southeastern Sorghum, Millet, and Cotton 466011 Southern Maize, Cotton, and Fruits 466012 Southwestern Maize, Livestock, and Gold Mining 466013 Center-eastern Millet and Livestock 466014 Lakes Recessional Millet and Sorghum 466015 Western Groundnut, Sorghum, and Maize 466016 Southwestern Gold Mining and Maize 466017 Urban 478001 Nomadic pastoralist 478002 Mine and pastoral 478003 Mixed pastoral, oases and wadis 478004 Littoral coastal fishing 478005 Pastoral and trade 478006 Transhumant pastoralism 478007 Agropastoralism 478008 Senegal valley agriculture 478009 Rainfed agriculture 508001 Lakeshore Basic Staples and Fishing 508002 Northern Highland Forest and Tourism 508003 Northwestern Tobacco and Maize 508004 Northern Cassava, Maize, and Forest 508005 Northern Highland with Mixed Cropping 508006 Northeastern Highland Forest 508007 Northeastern Cassava, Cashew, and Coconut 508008 North-Central Coastal Fishing 508009 Plains with Cassava, Rice, and Fishing 508010 Zambezi Valley with Maize and Fishing 508011 Northwestern Cropping and Cross-border Trade 508012 Coastal Sugarcane and Fishing 508013 Tete Highland Mixed Cropping, Tobbaco, and Cotton 508014 Cahora Bassa Dam Sesame and Cotton 508015 Central Semiarid Cotton and Minerals 508016 Manica Highland Mixed Cropping, Cotton, and Tobacco 508017 Central Manica and Sofala Mixed Cropping 508018 Cheringoma and Muanza Maize and Cassava 508019 Central Semiarid Pineapple and Cashew 508020 Southern Coastal Cassava, Coconut, and Fishing 508021 Southern Intermediate Mixed Cropping 508022 Southern Semiarid Cereals and Cattle 508023 Southeastern Rice 508024 Limpopo and Elephant Rivers Mixed Cropping 508025 Southern Coastal Rishing, Manioc, and Maize 508026 Southern Highland Cattle and Mixed Cropping 558000 Urban Area 558001 Pacific Coast Export Fishing, Aquaculture, Tourism and Livestock Zone 558002 Pacific Agro-Industrial and Transitional Agriculture Zone 558003 Northwest Subsistence Agriculture, Livestock and Alternate Income Activities Zone 558004 Estelí Traditional and Industrial Tobacco Zone 558005 Managua Peri-urban Free-Trade, Agro-industry and Services Zone 558006 East-Central Vegetables, Informal Trade, Industry and Tourism Zone 558007 Southern Pacific, Agriculture and High Migration Zone 558008 Central Cattle and Agricultural Frontier Zone 558009 Agriculture and Livestock with High Migration to Costa Rica Zone 558010 Caribbean Humid Tropical Agriculture Zone 558011 Northern Atlantic Agricultural Frontier and Mining Zone 558012 Coffee with Commercial Agriculture and Livestock Zone 558013 Northern Market-bound Basic Grains, Livestock and Coffee Zone 558014 Communal Forestry Zone 558015 Coco River Traditional Agriculture Zone 558016 Caribbean Coast Traditional Fishing Zone 558025 National Forest Reserve 562000 Not Zoned (Desert) 562001 North-east Oases: Dates, Salt and Trade 562002 Aïr Massif Irrigated Gardening 562003 Transhumant and Nomad Pastoralism 562004 Agropastoral Belt 562005 Rainfed Millet and Sorghum Belt 562006 Cropping and Herding with High Work Outmigration 562007 Southern Irrigated Cash Crops 562008 Southwestern Cereals with Fan-Palm Products 562009 Niger River Irrigated Rice 562010 Dallols - Seasonal Water-Course Irrigated Crops 562011 Southeastern Natron Salt and Small Basin Irrigated Dates 562012 Komadougou Irrigated Peppers 562013 Lake Chad Flood-Retreat Cultivation with Fishing 562014 Transhumant and Nomad Pastoralism-Camels 566001 Coastal Fishing 566002 Southern Cocoa, Palm Oil, and Kola nut 566003 South-Central Yam, Cassava, and Banana 566004 Southeast Rice, Salt, and Granite 566005 Niger and Benue River Floodplain Rice and Fishing 566006 Central Plain Yam and Cassava 566007 Mambilla Plateau Cattle, Cocoa, and Tea 566008 Central Highland Maize and Soybean 566009 Northeastern Highland Maize, Cocoyam, Potatoes, and Livestock 566010 North-Central Maize, Sorghum, and Cotton 566011 Northern Floodplains Irrigated Rice, Wheat, and Vegetables 566012 Northeast Millet, Cowpea, and Sesame 566013 Sahel Mixed Cereals and Livestock 686000 Urban Area - Dakar 686001 The Niayes Gardening and Fishing 686002 Delta Rice, Horticulture, and Agricultural Labor 686003 Valley Rice and Remittances 686004 Dieri Millet and Remittances 686005 Rainfed Cowpea and Groundnut 686006 Sylvopatoral Livestock and Gathering 686007 Small Coast Fishing and Tourism 686008 Rainfed Groundnut and Millet 686009 Agropastoral Groundnut 686010 Rainfed Groundnut and Cereals 686011 Forest and Rainfed Rice 686012 Forest, Rainfed Rice, and Groundnut 686013 Rainfed Maize, Cotton, and Cattle 686014 Rainfed Maize and Lumber 686015 Rainfed Maize and Artisanal Gold Mining 686016 National Park 694000 Urban Area - Not Zoned 694001 Tonkolli Food Crops, Gold and Iron Ore 694002 Bombali Food Crops, Peppers, Tobacco and Livestock 694003 Western Rice, Root Crops, Cereals and Trade Belt 694004 Coastal Food Crops and Fishing 694005 Kailahun-Kenema-Pujehun Cash Crops, Food Crops and Trade 694006 Kono-Kenema-Bo Rice, Tree Crops and Timbers 694007 Koinadugu Food Crops, Livestock and Trade 694008 Follosoba Dembellia and Wara Wara Yagala Vegetables 694009 Freetown Peri-Urban 694010 Rice Bowl Areas 706001 Guban Pastoral 706002 West Golis Pastoral 706003 Northwestern Agropastoral 706004 Togdheer Agropastoral 706005 Hawd Pastoral 706006 Northern Inland Pastoral – Goats and Sheep 706007 East Golis – Frankincense, Goats, and Fishing 706008 Coastal Deeh Pastoral and Fishing 706009 Addun Pastoral 706010 Cowpea Belt Agropastoral 706011 Southern Inland Pastoral – Camels, Goats, Sheep, and Cattle 706012 Southern Agropastoral – Goats, Camels, and Sorghum 706013 Riverine Pump Irrigation 706014 Riverine Gravity Irrigation 706015 Sorghum High Potential Agropastoral 706016 Bay Bakool Low Potential Agropastoral 706017 Southern Rainfed Agropastoral – Maize, Cattle, and Goats 706018 Juba Pastoral – Cattle and Goats 706019 Urban 716000 Urban 716001 Agrofisheries 716002 Beitbridge South Western Lowveld Communal 716003 Bikita-Zaka Highlands Communal 716004 Central and Northern Semi Intensive Farming 716005 Cereal and High Cotton Communal 716006 Cereal and Low Cotton Communal 716007 Eastern Highlands Commercial Farming 716008 Eastern Highlands Prime Communal 716009 Eastern Kalahari Sandveld Communal 716010 Greater Mudzi Communal 716011 Highveld Prime Cereal and Cash Crop Resettlement 716012 Highveld Prime Communal 716013 Irrigated Commercial Sugar and Fruit Farming 716014 Kariba Valley and Kariangwe-Jambezi Communal 716015 Livestock and Cereal Farming Communal in Forests 716016 Lusulu, Lupane and Southern Gokwe Mixed Agriculture 716017 Masvingo Manicaland Middleveld Smallholder 716018 Matabeleland Middleveld Communal 716019 Mutorashanga Informal mining 716020 Mwenezi, Chivi and South Midland Communal 716021 Northern Cattle and Cereal Farming 716022 Northern Zambezi Valley Communal 716023 Save River Valley and Ndowoyo Communal 716024 Southern Cattle and Cereal Farming 716025 Western Kalahari Sandveld Communal 716026 National Park 728001 Equatorial maize and cassava 728002 Ironstone Plateau agro-pastoral 728003 Highland forest and sorghum 728004 Western groundnuts, sesame and sorghum 728005 Eastern semi-arid pastoral 728006 Eastern plains sorghum and cattle 728007 Greater Bahr el Ghazal sorghum and cattle 728008 Nile basin fishing and agro-pastoral 728009 Oil resources, maize and cattle 728010 Northeastern maize and cattle 728011 Northern sorhgum and livestock 729000 Not Zoned 729001 Northern Riverine Small-scale Cultivation 729002 Southern Riverine Small/Medium-scale Cultivation 729003 Eastern Pastoral 729004 West and Central Pastoral 729005 Eastern Khors Agropastoral 729006 Coastal Fishing 729007 Eastern Agropastoral Sorghum 729008 Flood-retreat Cultivation 729009 Central Irrigated Schemes 729010 Southeast Rainfed Semi-mechanized Agriculture 729011 Rainfed Sorghum Belt 729012 Western Agropastoral Millet and Groundnuts 729013 Western Agropastoral Millet 729014 Central Rainfed Millet and Sesame 729015 Jabel Marra Mixed Highland Cultivation 729016 Western Wadi Cultivation 729017 North Darfur Tobacco 729018 North Kordofan Gum Arabic Belt 729019 Cattle Dominant Agropastoral 800001 North Eastern Karamoja Highland Apiculture and Potato Zone 800002 Western Karamoja Mixed Crop Farming Zone 800003 South Eastern Karamoja Cattle Maize Zone 800004 Karamoja Mountain and Foot Hills Maize and Cattle Zone 800005 Central Karamoja Sorghum and Livestock Zone 800006 NE Sorghum Simsim Maize Livestock Zone 800007 North Kitgum Gulu Amuru West Nile Simsim Sorghum Livestock Zone 800008 Palabek Tobacco Simsim Sorghum and Cattle Zone 800009 South Kitgum Pader Abim Simsim Groundnuts Sorghum Cattle Zone 800010 Albertine West Nile Lowland Cattle Zone 800011 Kafu Muzizi Maize Upland Rice Cassava Zone 800012 Albertine Escarpment Cotton Cassava Zone 800013 Bwijanga Pakanyi SugarcaNE Maize Cassava Zone 800014 Karuma Masindi Oyam Tobacco Maize Cassava Zone 800015 West Nile Tobacco Cassava Sorghum Zone 800016 Rwenzori Mt.Elgon West Nile Arabica Coffee Banana Zone 800017 Amuru Gulu Rice Groundnut Sorghum Livestock Zone 800018 Southwest Gulu Beans Groundnuts Shoat Cassava 800019 Mid North Simsim Maize Cassava Zone 800020 Eastern Lowland Maize Beans Rice Zone 800021 Eastern Central Lowland Cassava Sorghum and Groundnut Zone 800022 Mt Elgon Highland Irish Potato Cereal Zone 800023 Central and Southern Cattle Cassava Maize Zone 800024 Lakeshore and Riverbank Fishing Zone 800025 Southeastern Maize Beans Robusta Coffee Zone 800026 Midwest Central and Lake Victoria Crescent Robusta Coffee Banana Maize and Cattle Zone 800027 Rwenzori Midland Banana Fruit Vegetable Dairy Zone 800028 Kazinga Channel Cassava Maize Fruit Vegetable Cotton Zone 800029 Rwenzori Lowland Maize Vegetable Banana Zone 800030 Southeastern Lowland Cassava Cereal Zone 800031 Eastern Lowland Rice Root Crop Zone 800032 Southeastern Lowland Cassava Maize Sweet Potato Zone 800033 East Central Plantation Outgrower Zone 800034 Kayunga Masaka Pineapple Banana Robusta Coffee and Cassava Zone 800035 SW Highland Irish Potato Sorghum Vegetable Zone 800036 Kalangala Fishing Oil Palm Cassava Zone 800037 Western Rift Valley Cocoa Coffee Cassava Zone 800038 Rwenzori Midland Tea and Dairy Zone 800039 Southwestern Midland Banana Robusta Coffee Cattle Zone 800040 SW Rift Valley Tobacco Bean Millet Zone 800041 Urban 800042 National Park 834001 Southern Maasai Pastoralist 834002 River Pangani Paddy and Maize Basin 834003 Tanga Maize and Cattle 834004 Tanga Maize and Sisal Employment 834005 Usambara-Pare Highland 834006 Tanga Maize, Orange, and Jackfruit Midlands 834007 Tanga-Pwani Coastal Maize, Paddy Belt 834008 Handeni-Bagamoyo Maize, Cassava, and Fruit Midlands 834009 Loliondo Midland Maize, Beans, and Livestock 834010 Lower Rombo Maize, Beans, and Finger Millet 834011 Kilimanjaro-Meru Maize, Coffee, and Plantains 834012 Karatu Wheat, Maize, and Coffee 834013 Lower Arusha-Simanjiro Maize 834014 Northern Maasai Pastoralist 834015 Nowu Maize, Beans, and Onions Highlands 834016 Babati Kwaraa Maize, Beans, Sunflower, and Coffee 834017 Kiteto-Kongwa-Mpwapwa-Mvomero Maize, Sorghum, and Pigeon Pea 834018 Mbulu-Karatu Midlands Maize, Beans, and Livestock 834019 Hadzabe Hunter-Gatherer Wild Honey, Wild Roots, and Wild Fruit 834020 Wembere Paddy, Sorghum, Maize, Sunflower, and Fishing 834021 Bahi-Sanza Irrigated Rice, Maize, Bulrush Millet, and Livestock 834022 Iramba Midland Onion, Maize, and Sunflower 834023 Manyoni Upland Maize, Sunflower, Sesame, and Livestock 834024 Tabora-Singida Midland Maize, Sunflower, and Livestock 834025 Singida-Manyara Maize, Sorghum, Beans, and Sunflower 834026 East and South Lakeshore Fishing, Cassava, and Upland Rice 834027 Western Lakeshore Coffee, Fishing, and Banana 834028 Kagera-Kigoma-Mara Banana, Coffee, and Beans 834029 Mwanza-Shinyanga-Mara Cotton, Livestock, Cassava, and Maize 834030 Kagera Lowlands Beans, Maize, and Livestock 834031 Shinyanga-Tabora Cotton, Upland Rice, Sweet Potato, and Livestock 834032 Sengerema-Geita Highland Cassava, Rice, and Maize 834033 Kagera-Kigoma Beans, Cassava, and Maize 834034 Kahama-Tabora Midland Tobacco, Maize, Rice, and Livestock 834035 Kishapu-Meatu-Maswa Sorghum, Cotton, Sweet Potato, and Livestock 834036 Urambo-Nzega Lowland Groundnuts, Cotton, and Maize 834037 Kigoma Lowland Palm Oil, Cassava, and Maize 834038 Urambo Agropastoral Maize and Sweet Potato 834039 Victoria Islands Fishing, Cassava, Sweet Potato, and Paddy 834040 Ruaha Riverine Maize, Onion, Tomato, and Paddy Lowlands 834041 Chalinze-Tunuguo Maize, Cattle, and Cassava 834042 Kilombero-Mtibwa Paddy, Maize, and Sugar Employment 834043 Kilombero-Ulanga-Lusewa Paddy, Maize, and Cassava 834044 Kilosa-Mvomero Maize and Paddy Lowlands 834045 Matombo-Kuyuni Spice, Maize, and Banana 834046 Bagamoyo-Kibaha Midland Cassava, Cashew, and Maize 834047 Morogoro Highland Maize and Vegetable 834048 Maskat-Kimbet Maize and Beans Highlands 834049 Newala-Masasi Plateau Sesame, Cassava, Cashew, and Sorghum 834050 Mtwara-Lindi Coastal Rice and Cashew 834051 Matumbi Midland Upland Rice, Oranges, and Maize 834052 Lindi-Nachingwea Lowland Cassava and Maize 834053 Southeastern Plateau Cassava, Cashew, and Bambara Nuts 834054 Mtwara-Lindi-Pwani Riverine 834055 Singida-Dodoma Sorghum, B/Millet, Sunflower, and Livestock 834056 Dodoma Lowland Sunflower, Grape, and Sorghum 834057 Mpanda Maize, Paddy, Sunflower, and Livestock 834058 Lake Tanganyika-Rukwa Fishing, Maize, and Sunflower 834059 Kyela Paddy, Cacao, and Palm Oil Lowlands 834060 Rungwe Banana, Coffee, Tea, and Livestock Midlands 834061 Mporoto-Umalila Irish Potato, Maize, Wheat, and Pyrethrum Highlands 834062 Mbozi-Mbeya Coffee, Maize, Beans, and Livestock Highlands 834063 Usangu Paddy, Maize, Sorghum, and Livestock Wetlands 834064 Kamsamba Paddy, Sorghum, and Livestock Lowlands 834065 Chunya Maize, Sunflower, Cassava, and Groundnut Midlands 834066 West Chunya Maize, Bulrush Millet, and Sesame Lowlands 834067 Lake Nyasa Shore Cassava Fishing and Paddy 834068 Namtumbo Tobacco, Maize, Paddy, and Cassava Midlands 834069 Matengo Coffee, Maize, Beans, and Piggery Midlands 834070 Songea-Namtumbo-Ludewa-Mibinga Maize, Beans, and Cassava Midlands 834071 Njombe-Mufindi Maize, Timber, Tea, Pyrethrum, and Employment 834072 Mtera Dam Fishing, Sorghum, and Sesame 834073 Makete Wheat, Irish Potato, Timber, and Employment Highlands 834074 Njombe-Mufindi Maize, Irish Potato, and Bean 834075 Iringa-Mbarali Maize, Sunflower, Beans, and Groundnut Belt 834076 Tunduru-Nachingwea-Nanyumbu Cashew, Cassava, and Paddy Lowlands 834077 Mpanda-Chunya-Sikonge Maize and Tobacco Lowlands 834078 Sumbawanga-Mbozi-Mpanda Maize, Sunflower, and Livestock 834098 Water 834099 Not Zoned 854001 South tubers and cereals 854002 Southwest fruits, cotton, and cereals 854003 West cotton and cereals 854004 West cereals and remittances 854005 Central plateau cereals and market gardening 854006 Ouagadougou peri-urban 854007 North and east livestock and cereals 854008 North transhumant pastoralism and millet 854009 Southeast cereals, livestock, forestry and faune 887001 Amran Rainfed Sorghum, Barley, Qat, and Livestock Zone 887002 Arabian Sea Coastal Irrigated Tropical Fruit, Fodder and Livestock Zone 887003 Central and Eastern Plateau Agro-Pastoral Zone 887004 Central and Eastern Wadi Palm, Wheat, Vegetable and Livestock Zone 887005 Central Highland Potato, Vegetable and Livestock Zone 887006 Eastern Plateau Sorghum, Millet and Livestock Zone 887007 Greater Yemen Coastal and Island Fishing Zone 887008 Northern and Eastern Desert Pastoral Zone 887009 Sa'adah Irrigated Wheat, Fruit, Vegetable, Qat, and Livestock Zone 887010 Western and Central Highland Qat, Grain, Fodder and Livestock Zone 887011 Western and Central Wadi Sorghum, Millet, Vegetable, Fruit and Livestock Zone 887012 Western Central Highland Coffee, Qat, Sorghum and Livestock Zone 887013 Western Central Highland Wheat, Sorghum, Qat, and Livestock Zone 887014 Western Coastal Plain Sorghum, Millet, and Livestock Zone 887015 Urban 894001 Zambezi Plain Rice, Livestock, and Fishing 894002 Southwestern Cereal, Livestock, and Timber 894003 Western and Northwestern Cassava, Maize, and Cattle 894004 Kaoma Smallholder Food Crop and Tobacco 894005 Northwestern Timber and Honey 894006 Solwezi and Kasempa Mining Labor and Agriculture 894007 Kafue Plain Maize, Cattle, and Fishing 894008 Commercial Rail Line Maize, Livestock, and Cotton 894009 Southern Plateau Cattle, Maize, and Tobacco 894010 Zambezi Valley Agro-fisheries 894011 Mkushi, Chisamba, and Mpongwe Commercial Farming Block 894012 Central Copperbelt Maize, Cassava, and Sweet Potato 894013 Copperbelt Labor and Trade 894014 Mkushi and Serenje Maize, Sweet Potato, and Horticulture 894015 Luangwa Valley Informal Mining, Fishing, and Hunting 894016 Eastern Plateau Maize, Cotton, and Groundnut 894017 Eastern Plateau Maize, Groundnut, Tobacco, and Trade 894018 Luangwa Valley Subsistence Farming, Hunting, and Tourism 894019 Northern Border Maize, Beans, Livestock, and Trade 894020 Muchinga, Northern, and Luapula Cassava, Groundnut, and Mill 894021 Mweru, Bangweulu, and Tanganyika Fisheries LIVELIHOOD reports the predominant livelihood zone within a 5-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. Livelihood zones can be used as an indicator for sources of food and/or income and as a measure of people's vulnerability to hazards, such as flood, drought, food crisis, market disruption, or conflicts. Information on livelihood zones are available for selected countries of Africa, Afghanistan, El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, and Nicaragua. Livelihood zones are country-specific; therefore, codes and labels for LIVELIHOOD vary across countries. The original LIVELIHOOD zone codes from the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET [URL omitted from DDI.]) begin with the 2-character alphabetic ISO code followed by the livelihood zone code. In place of the 2-character alphabetic ISO code used in the source data, IPUMS-DHS substitutes the 3-digit ISO country code (e.g., 231 for Ethiopia), followed by the 3-digit numeric livelihood zone code (e.g., 177 for West Central Teff). LIVELIHOOD, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Proportion of land area used for agriculture (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for agriculture (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for agriculture (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for agriculture (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for agriculture (circa 2000) -00998 Missing CROPLAND reports the proportion of land that is planted in crops, for a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The statistics reported in CROPLAND are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. CROPLAND is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. CROPLAND, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Proportion of land area used for pastureland (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for pastureland (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for pastureland (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for pastureland (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for pastureland (circa 2000) -00998 Missing PASTURELAND reports the proportion of land that is used as pasture, for a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The pasture area statistics reported in PASTURELAND are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. PASTURELAND is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. PASTURELAND, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Precipitation monthly time-series Precipitation monthly time-series Precipitation monthly time-series Precipitation monthly time-series Precipitation monthly time-series 1 PRECIP available PRECIP consists of a set of 72 separate variables. These variables report the average precipitation in millimeters, received within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, for the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, the month of the survey start date, and the 11 individual months following the survey start date. Note that "average" precipitation here refers to averaging the monthly precipitation values for the various subareas included in the buffer zone. By adding PRECIP to your data cart, you are in effect adding 72 separate variables for: the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, denoted by the number of months prior to the survey start date (e.g., PRECIP_01 is the average precipitation in the month before the survey start date; PRECIP_60 is the average precipitation in the 60th month before the survey start date); the month of the survey start date (PRECIP_00); the 11 individual months following the month of the survey start date, denoted by the number of months following the month of the survey start date (e.g., PRECIP_A01 is the average precipitation in the month following the month of the survey start date). The full set of monthly precipitation data, from January 1981 through August 2018, is available on the IPUMS-DHS contextual variables downloads [URL omitted from DDI.] page. Users can merge the precipitation data, available in csv format, with their IPUMS-DHS data extract to create average or total precipitation variables (e.g., average January precipitation, total 2017 precipitation), for the time frame suited to their research question. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Precipitation 60 months before survey start date Precipitation 60 months before survey start date Precipitation 60 months before survey start date Precipitation 60 months before survey start date Precipitation 60 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 59 months before survey start date Precipitation 59 months before survey start date Precipitation 59 months before survey start date Precipitation 59 months before survey start date Precipitation 59 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 58 months before survey start date Precipitation 58 months before survey start date Precipitation 58 months before survey start date Precipitation 58 months before survey start date Precipitation 58 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 57 months before survey start date Precipitation 57 months before survey start date Precipitation 57 months before survey start date Precipitation 57 months before survey start date Precipitation 57 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 56 months before survey start date Precipitation 56 months before survey start date Precipitation 56 months before survey start date Precipitation 56 months before survey start date Precipitation 56 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 55 months before survey start date Precipitation 55 months before survey start date Precipitation 55 months before survey start date Precipitation 55 months before survey start date Precipitation 55 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 54 months before survey start date Precipitation 54 months before survey start date Precipitation 54 months before survey start date Precipitation 54 months before survey start date Precipitation 54 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 53 months before survey start date Precipitation 53 months before survey start date Precipitation 53 months before survey start date Precipitation 53 months before survey start date Precipitation 53 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 52 months before survey start date Precipitation 52 months before survey start date Precipitation 52 months before survey start date Precipitation 52 months before survey start date Precipitation 52 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 51 months before survey start date Precipitation 51 months before survey start date Precipitation 51 months before survey start date Precipitation 51 months before survey start date Precipitation 51 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 50 months before survey start date Precipitation 50 months before survey start date Precipitation 50 months before survey start date Precipitation 50 months before survey start date Precipitation 50 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 49 months before survey start date Precipitation 49 months before survey start date Precipitation 49 months before survey start date Precipitation 49 months before survey start date Precipitation 49 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 48 months before survey start date Precipitation 48 months before survey start date Precipitation 48 months before survey start date Precipitation 48 months before survey start date Precipitation 48 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 47 months before survey start date Precipitation 47 months before survey start date Precipitation 47 months before survey start date Precipitation 47 months before survey start date Precipitation 47 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 46 months before survey start date Precipitation 46 months before survey start date Precipitation 46 months before survey start date Precipitation 46 months before survey start date Precipitation 46 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 45 months before survey start date Precipitation 45 months before survey start date Precipitation 45 months before survey start date Precipitation 45 months before survey start date Precipitation 45 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 44 months before survey start date Precipitation 44 months before survey start date Precipitation 44 months before survey start date Precipitation 44 months before survey start date Precipitation 44 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 43 months before survey start date Precipitation 43 months before survey start date Precipitation 43 months before survey start date Precipitation 43 months before survey start date Precipitation 43 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 42 months before survey start date Precipitation 42 months before survey start date Precipitation 42 months before survey start date Precipitation 42 months before survey start date Precipitation 42 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 41 months before survey start date Precipitation 41 months before survey start date Precipitation 41 months before survey start date Precipitation 41 months before survey start date Precipitation 41 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 40 months before survey start date Precipitation 40 months before survey start date Precipitation 40 months before survey start date Precipitation 40 months before survey start date Precipitation 40 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 39 months before survey start date Precipitation 39 months before survey start date Precipitation 39 months before survey start date Precipitation 39 months before survey start date Precipitation 39 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 38 months before survey start date Precipitation 38 months before survey start date Precipitation 38 months before survey start date Precipitation 38 months before survey start date Precipitation 38 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 37 months before survey start date Precipitation 37 months before survey start date Precipitation 37 months before survey start date Precipitation 37 months before survey start date Precipitation 37 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 36 months before survey start date Precipitation 36 months before survey start date Precipitation 36 months before survey start date Precipitation 36 months before survey start date Precipitation 36 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 35 months before survey start date Precipitation 35 months before survey start date Precipitation 35 months before survey start date Precipitation 35 months before survey start date Precipitation 35 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 34 months before survey start date Precipitation 34 months before survey start date Precipitation 34 months before survey start date Precipitation 34 months before survey start date Precipitation 34 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 33 months before survey start date Precipitation 33 months before survey start date Precipitation 33 months before survey start date Precipitation 33 months before survey start date Precipitation 33 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 32 months before survey start date Precipitation 32 months before survey start date Precipitation 32 months before survey start date Precipitation 32 months before survey start date Precipitation 32 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 31 months before survey start date Precipitation 31 months before survey start date Precipitation 31 months before survey start date Precipitation 31 months before survey start date Precipitation 31 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 30 months before survey start date Precipitation 30 months before survey start date Precipitation 30 months before survey start date Precipitation 30 months before survey start date Precipitation 30 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 29 months before survey start date Precipitation 29 months before survey start date Precipitation 29 months before survey start date Precipitation 29 months before survey start date Precipitation 29 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 28 months before survey start date Precipitation 28 months before survey start date Precipitation 28 months before survey start date Precipitation 28 months before survey start date Precipitation 28 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 27 months before survey start date Precipitation 27 months before survey start date Precipitation 27 months before survey start date Precipitation 27 months before survey start date Precipitation 27 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 26 months before survey start date Precipitation 26 months before survey start date Precipitation 26 months before survey start date Precipitation 26 months before survey start date Precipitation 26 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 25 months before survey start date Precipitation 25 months before survey start date Precipitation 25 months before survey start date Precipitation 25 months before survey start date Precipitation 25 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 24 months before survey start date Precipitation 24 months before survey start date Precipitation 24 months before survey start date Precipitation 24 months before survey start date Precipitation 24 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 23 months before survey start date Precipitation 23 months before survey start date Precipitation 23 months before survey start date Precipitation 23 months before survey start date Precipitation 23 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 22 months before survey start date Precipitation 22 months before survey start date Precipitation 22 months before survey start date Precipitation 22 months before survey start date Precipitation 22 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 21 months before survey start date Precipitation 21 months before survey start date Precipitation 21 months before survey start date Precipitation 21 months before survey start date Precipitation 21 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 20 months before survey start date Precipitation 20 months before survey start date Precipitation 20 months before survey start date Precipitation 20 months before survey start date Precipitation 20 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 19 months before survey start date Precipitation 19 months before survey start date Precipitation 19 months before survey start date Precipitation 19 months before survey start date Precipitation 19 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 18 months before survey start date Precipitation 18 months before survey start date Precipitation 18 months before survey start date Precipitation 18 months before survey start date Precipitation 18 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 17 months before survey start date Precipitation 17 months before survey start date Precipitation 17 months before survey start date Precipitation 17 months before survey start date Precipitation 17 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 16 months before survey start date Precipitation 16 months before survey start date Precipitation 16 months before survey start date Precipitation 16 months before survey start date Precipitation 16 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 15 months before survey start date Precipitation 15 months before survey start date Precipitation 15 months before survey start date Precipitation 15 months before survey start date Precipitation 15 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 14 months before survey start date Precipitation 14 months before survey start date Precipitation 14 months before survey start date Precipitation 14 months before survey start date Precipitation 14 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 13 months before survey start date Precipitation 13 months before survey start date Precipitation 13 months before survey start date Precipitation 13 months before survey start date Precipitation 13 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 12 months before survey start date Precipitation 12 months before survey start date Precipitation 12 months before survey start date Precipitation 12 months before survey start date Precipitation 12 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 11 months before survey start date Precipitation 11 months before survey start date Precipitation 11 months before survey start date Precipitation 11 months before survey start date Precipitation 11 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 10 months before survey start date Precipitation 10 months before survey start date Precipitation 10 months before survey start date Precipitation 10 months before survey start date Precipitation 10 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 9 months before survey start date Precipitation 9 months before survey start date Precipitation 9 months before survey start date Precipitation 9 months before survey start date Precipitation 9 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 8 months before survey start date Precipitation 8 months before survey start date Precipitation 8 months before survey start date Precipitation 8 months before survey start date Precipitation 8 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 7 months before survey start date Precipitation 7 months before survey start date Precipitation 7 months before survey start date Precipitation 7 months before survey start date Precipitation 7 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 6 months before survey start date Precipitation 6 months before survey start date Precipitation 6 months before survey start date Precipitation 6 months before survey start date Precipitation 6 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 5 months before survey start date Precipitation 5 months before survey start date Precipitation 5 months before survey start date Precipitation 5 months before survey start date Precipitation 5 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 4 months before survey start date Precipitation 4 months before survey start date Precipitation 4 months before survey start date Precipitation 4 months before survey start date Precipitation 4 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 3 months before survey start date Precipitation 3 months before survey start date Precipitation 3 months before survey start date Precipitation 3 months before survey start date Precipitation 3 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 2 months before survey start date Precipitation 2 months before survey start date Precipitation 2 months before survey start date Precipitation 2 months before survey start date Precipitation 2 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 1 month before survey start date Precipitation 1 month before survey start date Precipitation 1 month before survey start date Precipitation 1 month before survey start date Precipitation 1 month before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation month of survey start date Precipitation month of survey start date Precipitation month of survey start date Precipitation month of survey start date Precipitation month of survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 1 month after survey start date Precipitation 1 month after survey start date Precipitation 1 month after survey start date Precipitation 1 month after survey start date Precipitation 1 month after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 2 months after survey start date Precipitation 2 months after survey start date Precipitation 2 months after survey start date Precipitation 2 months after survey start date Precipitation 2 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 3 months after survey start date Precipitation 3 months after survey start date Precipitation 3 months after survey start date Precipitation 3 months after survey start date Precipitation 3 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 4 months after survey start date Precipitation 4 months after survey start date Precipitation 4 months after survey start date Precipitation 4 months after survey start date Precipitation 4 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 5 months after survey start date Precipitation 5 months after survey start date Precipitation 5 months after survey start date Precipitation 5 months after survey start date Precipitation 5 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 6 months after survey start date Precipitation 6 months after survey start date Precipitation 6 months after survey start date Precipitation 6 months after survey start date Precipitation 6 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 7 months after survey start date Precipitation 7 months after survey start date Precipitation 7 months after survey start date Precipitation 7 months after survey start date Precipitation 7 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 8 months after survey start date Precipitation 8 months after survey start date Precipitation 8 months after survey start date Precipitation 8 months after survey start date Precipitation 8 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 9 months after survey start date Precipitation 9 months after survey start date Precipitation 9 months after survey start date Precipitation 9 months after survey start date Precipitation 9 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 10 months after survey start date Precipitation 10 months after survey start date Precipitation 10 months after survey start date Precipitation 10 months after survey start date Precipitation 10 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 11 months after survey start date Precipitation 11 months after survey start date Precipitation 11 months after survey start date Precipitation 11 months after survey start date Precipitation 11 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum monthly temperature Average minimum monthly temperature Average minimum monthly temperature Average minimum monthly temperature Average minimum monthly temperature 1 TEMPMAX available TEMPMIN consists of a set of 72 separate variables reporting minimum monthly temperatures. These variables report the average minimum temperature in kelvin scale, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, for the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, the month of the survey start date, and the 11 individual months following the survey start date. Note that "average" minimum temperature here refers to averaging the minimum temperature values for the various subareas included in the buffer zone. By adding TEMPMIN to your data cart, you are in effect adding 72 separate variables for: the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, denoted by the number of months prior to the survey start date (e.g., TEMPMIN_01 is the average minimum temperature in the month before the survey start date; TEMPMIN _60 is the average minimum temperature in the 60th month before the survey start date) the month of the survey start date (TEMPMIN _00) the 11 individual months following the month of the survey start date, denoted by the number of months following the month of the survey start date (e.g., TEMPMIN_A01 is the average minimum temperature in the month following the month of the survey start date) The full set of monthly temperature data, from January 1980 through December 2016, is available on the IPUMS-DHS contextual variables downloads [URL omitted from DDI.] page. Users can merge the temperature data, available in csv format, with their IPUMS-DHS data extract to create average or total precipitation variables (e.g., average minimum January temperature), for the time frame suited to their research question. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Average minimum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 60 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 59 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 58 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 57 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 56 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 55 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 54 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 53 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 52 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 51 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 50 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 49 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 48 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 47 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 46 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 45 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 44 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 43 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 42 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 41 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 40 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 39 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 38 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 37 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 36 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 35 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 34 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 33 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 32 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 31 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 30 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 29 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 28 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 27 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 26 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 25 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 24 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 23 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 22 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 21 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 20 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 19 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 18 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 17 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 16 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 15 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 14 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 13 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 12 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature month of survey start date Average minimum temperature month of survey start date Average minimum temperature month of survey start date Average minimum temperature month of survey start date Average minimum temperature month of survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum monthly temperature Average maximum monthly temperature Average maximum monthly temperature Average maximum monthly temperature Average maximum monthly temperature 1 TEMPMAX available TEMPMAX consists of a set of 72 separate variables reporting maximum monthly temperatures. These variables report the average maximum temperature in kelvin scale, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, for the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, the month of the survey start date, and the 11 individual months following the survey start date. Note that "average" maximum temperature here refers to averaging the maximum temperature values for the various subareas included in the buffer zone. By adding TEMPMAX to your data cart, you are in effect adding 72 separate variables for: the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, denoted by the number of months prior to the survey start date (e.g., TEMPMAX_01 is the average maximum temperature in the month before the survey start date; TEMPMAX _60 is the average maximum temperature in the 60th month before the survey start date) the month of the survey start date (TEMPMAX _00) the 11 individual months following the month of the survey start date, denoted by the number of months following the month of the survey start date (e.g., TEMPMAX_A01 is the average maximum temperature in the month following the month of the survey start date). The full set of monthly temperature data, from January 1980 through December 2016, is available on the IPUMS-DHS contextual variables downloads [URL omitted from DDI.] page. Users can merge the temperature data, available in csv format, with their IPUMS-DHS data extract to create average or total precipitation variables (e.g., average maximum July temperature), for the time frame suited to their research question. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Average maximum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 60 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 59 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 58 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 57 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 56 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 55 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 54 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 53 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 52 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 51 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 50 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 49 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 48 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 47 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 46 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 45 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 44 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 43 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 42 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 41 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 40 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 39 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 38 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 37 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 36 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 35 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 34 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 33 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 32 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 31 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 30 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 29 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 28 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 27 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 26 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 25 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 24 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 23 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 22 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 21 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 20 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 19 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 18 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 17 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 16 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 15 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 14 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 13 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 12 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature month of survey start date Average maximum temperature month of survey start date Average maximum temperature month of survey start date Average maximum temperature month of survey start date Average maximum temperature month of survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Population density quinquennial time-series (2000-2020) Population density quinquennial time-series (2000-2020) Population density quinquennial time-series (2000-2020) Population density quinquennial time-series (2000-2020) Population density quinquennial time-series (2000-2020) 1 POPDENSITY available POPDENSITY consists of a set of 5 separate variables. These variables report the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. By adding POPDENSITY to your data cart, you are in effect adding 5 separate variables (POPDENSITY_2000 - POPDENSITY_2020), one variable for each month. Values for POPDENSITY are based on population projections from the results of the 2000 and 2010 rounds of censuses. POPDENSITY variables can be used as indicators of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, for greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. POPDENSITY, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Population density 2000 Population density 2000 Population density 2000 Population density 2000 Population density 2000 -000998 Missing POPDENSITY_2000 reports the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2000. The population density statistics are available for the following years: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. POPDENSITY_2000 is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. POPDENSITY_2000 can be used as an indicator of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, and greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. Please see the User Note on Using IPUMS-DHS Contextual Variables: POPDENSITY_2000 [URL omitted from DDI.] for more information about this variable, including data sources and methodology. This variable, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is based on sources outside The DHS Program, with values around DHS sample cluster points calculated by IPUMS-DHS staff. IPUMS Population density 2005 Population density 2005 Population density 2005 Population density 2005 Population density 2005 -000998 Missing POPDENSITY_2005 reports the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2005. The population density statistics are available for the following years: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. POPDENSITY_2005 is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. POPDENSITY_2005 can be used as an indicator of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, and greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. Please see the User Note on Using IPUMS-DHS Contextual Variables: POPDENSITY_2005 [URL omitted from DDI.] for more information about this variable, including data sources and methodology. This variable, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is based on sources outside The DHS Program, with values around DHS sample cluster points calculated by IPUMS-DHS staff. IPUMS Population density 2010 Population density 2010 Population density 2010 Population density 2010 Population density 2010 -000998 Missing POPDENSITY_2010 reports the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2010. The population density statistics are available for the following years: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. POPDENSITY_2010 is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. POPDENSITY_2010 can be used as an indicator of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, and greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. Please see the User Note on Using IPUMS-DHS Contextual Variables: POPDENSITY_2010 [URL omitted from DDI.] for more information about this variable, including data sources and methodology. This variable, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is based on sources outside The DHS Program, with values around DHS sample cluster points calculated by IPUMS-DHS staff. IPUMS Population density 2015 Population density 2015 Population density 2015 Population density 2015 Population density 2015 -000998 Missing POPDENSITY_2015 reports the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2015. The population density statistics are available for the following years: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. POPDENSITY_2015 is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. POPDENSITY_2015 can be used as an indicator of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, and greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. Please see the User Note on Using IPUMS-DHS Contextual Variables: POPDENSITY_2015 [URL omitted from DDI.] for more information about this variable, including data sources and methodology. This variable, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is based on sources outside The DHS Program, with values around DHS sample cluster points calculated by IPUMS-DHS staff. IPUMS Population density 2020 Population density 2020 Population density 2020 Population density 2020 Population density 2020 -000998 Missing POPDENSITY_2020 reports the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2020. The population density statistics are available for the following years: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. POPDENSITY_2020 is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. POPDENSITY_2020 can be used as an indicator of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, and greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. Values for POPDENSITY_2020 are based on population projections from the results of the 2010 round of censuses, which occurred between 2005 and 2014. Please see the User Note on Using IPUMS-DHS Contextual Variables: POPDENSITY_2020 [URL omitted from DDI.] for more information about this variable, including data sources and methodology. This variable, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is based on sources outside The DHS Program, with values around DHS sample cluster points calculated by IPUMS-DHS staff. IPUMS Harvested area barley (in 2000) Harvested area barley (in 2000) Harvested area barley (in 2000) Harvested area barley (in 2000) Harvested area barley (in 2000) -00000998 Missing BARLEY_H reports total harvested area dedicated to barley, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in BARLEY_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable BARLEY_P reports total crop production of barley, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. BARLEY_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area cassava (in 2000) Harvested area cassava (in 2000) Harvested area cassava (in 2000) Harvested area cassava (in 2000) Harvested area cassava (in 2000) -00000998 Missing CASSAVA_H reports total harvested area dedicated to cassava, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in CASSAVA_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable CASSAVA_P reports total crop production of cassava, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. CASSAVA_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area cotton (in 2000) Harvested area cotton (in 2000) Harvested area cotton (in 2000) Harvested area cotton (in 2000) Harvested area cotton (in 2000) -00000998 Missing COTTON_H reports total harvested area dedicated to cotton, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in COTTON_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable COTTON_P reports total crop production of cotton, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. COTTON_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area groundnuts (in 2000) Harvested area groundnuts (in 2000) Harvested area groundnuts (in 2000) Harvested area groundnuts (in 2000) Harvested area groundnuts (in 2000) -00000998 Missing GROUNDNUT_H reports total harvested area dedicated to groundnuts, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in GROUNDNUT_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable GROUNDNUT_P reports total crop production of groundnuts, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. GROUNDNUT_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area maize (in 2000) Harvested area maize (in 2000) Harvested area maize (in 2000) Harvested area maize (in 2000) Harvested area maize (in 2000) -00000998 Missing MAIZE_H reports total harvested area dedicated to maize, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in MAIZE_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable MAIZE_P reports total crop production of maize, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. MAIZE_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area millet (in 2000) Harvested area millet (in 2000) Harvested area millet (in 2000) Harvested area millet (in 2000) Harvested area millet (in 2000) -00000998 Missing MILLET_H reports total harvested area dedicated to millet, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in MILLET_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable MILLET_P reports total crop production of millet, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. MILLET_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area oilpalm (in 2000) Harvested area oilpalm (in 2000) Harvested area oilpalm (in 2000) Harvested area oilpalm (in 2000) Harvested area oilpalm (in 2000) -00000998 Missing OILPALM_H reports total harvested area dedicated to oil palm, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in OILPALM_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable OILPALM_P reports total crop production of oil palm, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. OILPALM_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area potatoes (in 2000) Harvested area potatoes (in 2000) Harvested area potatoes (in 2000) Harvested area potatoes (in 2000) Harvested area potatoes (in 2000) -00000998 Missing POTATO_H reports total harvested area dedicated to potatoes, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in POTATO_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable POTATO_P reports total crop production of potatoes, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. POTATO_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area rapeseed (in 2000) Harvested area rapeseed (in 2000) Harvested area rapeseed (in 2000) Harvested area rapeseed (in 2000) Harvested area rapeseed (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RAPESEED_H reports total harvested area dedicated to rapeseed, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in RAPESEED_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RAPESEED_P reports total crop production of rapeseed, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RAPESEED_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area rice (in 2000) Harvested area rice (in 2000) Harvested area rice (in 2000) Harvested area rice (in 2000) Harvested area rice (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RICE_H reports total harvested area dedicated to rice, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in RICE_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RICE_P reports total crop production of rice, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RICE_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area sorghum (in 2000) Harvested area sorghum (in 2000) Harvested area sorghum (in 2000) Harvested area sorghum (in 2000) Harvested area sorghum (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SORGHUM_H reports total harvested area dedicated to sorghum, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in SORGHUM_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SORGHUM_P reports total crop production of sorghum, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SORGHUM_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area soybeans (in 2000) Harvested area soybeans (in 2000) Harvested area soybeans (in 2000) Harvested area soybeans (in 2000) Harvested area soybeans (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SOYBEAN_H reports total harvested area dedicated to soybeans, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in SOYBEAN_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SOYBEAN_P reports total crop production of soybean, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SOYBEAN_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area sugarbeets (in 2000) Harvested area sugarbeets (in 2000) Harvested area sugarbeets (in 2000) Harvested area sugarbeets (in 2000) Harvested area sugarbeets (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUGARBEET_H reports total harvested area dedicated to sugar beets, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in SUGARBEET_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUGARBEET_P reports total crop production of sugar beets, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUGARBEET_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area sugarcane (in 2000) Harvested area sugarcane (in 2000) Harvested area sugarcane (in 2000) Harvested area sugarcane (in 2000) Harvested area sugarcane (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUGARCANE_H reports total harvested area dedicated to sugar cane, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in SUGARCANE_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUGARCANE_P reports total crop production of sugar cane, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUGARCANE_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area sunflowers (in 2000) Harvested area sunflowers (in 2000) Harvested area sunflowers (in 2000) Harvested area sunflowers (in 2000) Harvested area sunflowers (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUNFLOWER_H reports total harvested area dedicated to sunflowers, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in SUNFLOWER_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUNFLOWER_P reports total crop production of sunflowers, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUNFLOWER_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area wheat (in 2000) Harvested area wheat (in 2000) Harvested area wheat (in 2000) Harvested area wheat (in 2000) Harvested area wheat (in 2000) -00000998 Missing WHEAT_H reports total harvested area dedicated to wheat, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in WHEAT_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable WHEAT_P reports total crop production of wheat, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. WHEAT_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area rye (in 2000) Harvested area rye (in 2000) Harvested area rye (in 2000) Harvested area rye (in 2000) Harvested area rye (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RYE_H reports total harvested area dedicated to rye, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in RYE_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RYE_P reports total crop production of rye, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RYE_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total barley production (in 2000) Total barley production (in 2000) Total barley production (in 2000) Total barley production (in 2000) Total barley production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing BARLEY_P reports the total crop production of barley, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in BARLEY_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable BARLEY_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to barley, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. BARLEY_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total cassava production (in 2000) Total cassava production (in 2000) Total cassava production (in 2000) Total cassava production (in 2000) Total cassava production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing CASSAVA_P reports the total crop production of cassava, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in CASSAVA_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable CASSAVA_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to cassava, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. CASSAVA_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total cotton production (in 2000) Total cotton production (in 2000) Total cotton production (in 2000) Total cotton production (in 2000) Total cotton production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing COTTON_P reports the total crop production of cotton, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in COTTON_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable COTTON_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to cotton, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. COTTON_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total groundnut production (in 2000) Total groundnut production (in 2000) Total groundnut production (in 2000) Total groundnut production (in 2000) Total groundnut production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing GROUNDNUT_P reports the total crop production of groundnuts, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in GROUNDNUT_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable GROUNDNUT_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to groundnuts, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. GROUNDNUT_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total maize production (in 2000) Total maize production (in 2000) Total maize production (in 2000) Total maize production (in 2000) Total maize production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing MAIZE_P reports the total crop production of maize, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in MAIZE_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable MAIZE_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to maize, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. MAIZE_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total millet production (in 2000) Total millet production (in 2000) Total millet production (in 2000) Total millet production (in 2000) Total millet production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing MILLET_P reports the total crop production of millet, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in MILLET_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable MILLET_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to millet, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. MILLET_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total oilpalm production (in 2000) Total oilpalm production (in 2000) Total oilpalm production (in 2000) Total oilpalm production (in 2000) Total oilpalm production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing OILPALM_P reports the total crop production of oil palm, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in OILPALM_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable OILPALM_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to oil palm, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. OILPALM_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total potato production (in 2000) Total potato production (in 2000) Total potato production (in 2000) Total potato production (in 2000) Total potato production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing POTATO_P reports the total crop production of potatoes, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in POTATO_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable POTATO_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to potatoes, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. POTATO_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total rapeseed production (in 2000) Total rapeseed production (in 2000) Total rapeseed production (in 2000) Total rapeseed production (in 2000) Total rapeseed production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RAPESEED_P reports the total crop production of rapeseed, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in RAPESEED_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RAPESEED_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to rapeseed, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RAPESEED_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total rice production (in 2000) Total rice production (in 2000) Total rice production (in 2000) Total rice production (in 2000) Total rice production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RICE_P reports the total crop production of rice, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in RICE_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RICE_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to rice, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RICE_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total sorghum production (in 2000) Total sorghum production (in 2000) Total sorghum production (in 2000) Total sorghum production (in 2000) Total sorghum production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SORGHUM_P reports the total crop production of sorghum, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in SORGHUM_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SORGHUM_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to sorghum, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SORGHUM_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total soybean production (in 2000) Total soybean production (in 2000) Total soybean production (in 2000) Total soybean production (in 2000) Total soybean production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SOYBEAN_P reports the total crop production of soybeans, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in SOYBEAN_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SOYBEAN_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to soybeans, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SOYBEAN_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total sugarbeet production (in 2000) Total sugarbeet production (in 2000) Total sugarbeet production (in 2000) Total sugarbeet production (in 2000) Total sugarbeet production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUGARBEET_P reports the total crop production of sugar beets, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in SUGARBEET_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUGARBEET_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to sugar beets, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUGARBEET_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total sugarcane production (in 2000) Total sugarcane production (in 2000) Total sugarcane production (in 2000) Total sugarcane production (in 2000) Total sugarcane production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUGARCANE_P reports the total crop production of sugar cane, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in SUGARCANE_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUGARCANE_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to sugar cane, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUGARCANE_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total sunflower production (in 2000) Total sunflower production (in 2000) Total sunflower production (in 2000) Total sunflower production (in 2000) Total sunflower production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUNFLOWER_P reports the total crop production of sunflowers, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in SUNFLOWER_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUNFLOWER_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to sunflowers, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUNFLOWER_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total wheat production (in 2000) Total wheat production (in 2000) Total wheat production (in 2000) Total wheat production (in 2000) Total wheat production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing WHEAT_P reports the total crop production of wheat, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in WHEAT_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable WHEAT_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to wheat, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. WHEAT_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total rye production (in 2000) Total rye production (in 2000) Total rye production (in 2000) Total rye production (in 2000) Total rye production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RYE_P reports the total crop production of rye, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in RYE_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RYE_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to rye, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RYE_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS IPUMS-DHS sample identifier IPUMS-DHS sample identifier IPUMS-DHS sample identifier IPUMS-DHS sample identifier IPUMS-DHS sample identifier 00101 Model 2015 00401 Afghanistan 2015 02401 Angola 2015 05001 Bangladesh 1994 05002 Bangladesh 1996-97 05003 Bangladesh 1999-00 05004 Bangladesh 2004 05005 Bangladesh 2007 05006 Bangladesh 2011 05007 Bangladesh 2014 10401 Myanmar 2015 10801 Burundi 1987 10802 Burundi 2010 10803 Burundi 2016 11601 Cambodia 2000 11602 Cambodia 2005 11603 Cambodia 2010 11604 Cambodia 2014 12001 Cameroon 1991 12002 Cameroon 1998 12003 Cameroon 2004 12004 Cameroon 2011 14801 Chad 1996-97 14802 Chad 2004 14803 Chad 2014 18001 Congo Democratic Republic 2007 18002 Congo Democratic Republic 2013-14 20401 Benin 1996 20402 Benin 2001 20403 Benin 2006 20404 Benin 2011 23101 Ethiopia 2000 23102 Ethiopia 2005 23103 Ethiopia 2011 23104 Ethiopia 2016 28801 Ghana 1988 28802 Ghana 1993 28803 Ghana 1998 28804 Ghana 2003 28805 Ghana 2008 28806 Ghana 2014 32001 Guatemala 1987 32002 Guatemala 1995 32003 Guatemala 2015 32401 Guinea 1999 32402 Guinea 2005 32403 Guinea 2012 35601 India 1992-93 35602 India 1998-99 35603 India 2005-06 35604 India 2015-16 38401 Cote d'Ivoire 1994 38402 Cote d'Ivoire 1998 38403 Cote d'Ivoire 2011 40001 Jordan 1990 40002 Jordan 1997 40003 Jordan 2002 40004 Jordan 2007 40005 Jordan 2009 40006 Jordan 2012 40007 Jordan 2017-18 40401 Kenya 1989 40402 Kenya 1993 40403 Kenya 1998 40404 Kenya 2003 40405 Kenya 2008-9 40406 Kenya 2014 42601 Lesotho 2004 42602 Lesotho 2009 42603 Lesotho 2014 45001 Madagascar 1992 45002 Madagascar 1997 45003 Madagascar 2003 45004 Madagascar 2008 45401 Malawi 1992 45402 Malawi 2000 45403 Malawi 2004 45404 Malawi 2010 45405 Malawi 2016 46601 Mali 1987 46602 Mali 1995-6 46603 Mali 2001 46604 Mali 2006 46605 Mali 2012 50401 Morocco 1987 50402 Morocco 1992 50403 Morocco 2003 50801 Mozambique 1997 50802 Mozambique 2003 50803 Mozambique 2011 51601 Namibia 1992 51602 Namibia 2000 51603 Namibia 2006 51604 Namibia 2013 52401 Nepal 1996 52402 Nepal 2001 52403 Nepal 2006 52404 Nepal 2011 52405 Nepal 2016 56201 Niger 1992 56202 Niger 1998 56203 Niger 2006 56204 Niger 2012 56601 Nigeria 1990 56602 Nigeria 1999 56603 Nigeria 2003 56604 Nigeria 2008 56605 Nigeria 2013 58601 Pakistan 1990-91 58602 Pakistan 2006-07 58603 Pakistan 2012-13 58604 Pakistan 2017-18 60401 Peru 1991-92 60402 Peru 1996 60403 Peru 2000 60404 Peru 2004-08 60405 Peru 2010 60406 Peru 2011 60407 Peru 2012 64601 Rwanda 1992 64602 Rwanda 2000 64603 Rwanda 2005 64604 Rwanda 2010 64605 Rwanda 2014 68601 Senegal 1986 68602 Senegal 1992-93 68603 Senegal 1997 68604 Senegal 2005 68605 Senegal 2010-11 68606 Senegal 2012-13 68607 Senegal 2014 68608 Senegal 2015 68609 Senegal 2016 68610 Senegal 2017 71001 South Africa 1998 71002 South Africa 2016 71601 Zimbabwe 1988 71602 Zimbabwe 1994 71603 Zimbabwe 1999 71604 Zimbabwe 2005-6 71605 Zimbabwe 2010-11 71606 Zimbabwe 2015 72901 Sudan 1989-90 78801 Tunisia 1988 79201 Turkey 1993 79202 Turkey 1998 79203 Turkey 2003 80001 Uganda 1988 80002 Uganda 1995 80003 Uganda 2001 80004 Uganda 2006 80005 Uganda 2011 80006 Uganda 2016 81801 Egypt 1988 81802 Egypt 1992 81803 Egypt 1995 81804 Egypt 2000 81805 Egypt 2005 81806 Egypt 2008 81807 Egypt 2014 83401 Tanzania 1991 83402 Tanzania 1996 83403 Tanzania 1999 83404 Tanzania 2004 83405 Tanzania 2010 83406 Tanzania 2015 85401 Burkina Faso 1993 85402 Burkina Faso 1998 85403 Burkina Faso 2003 85404 Burkina Faso 2010 88701 Yemen 1991-92 88702 Yemen 2013 89401 Zambia 1992 89402 Zambia 1996 89403 Zambia 2001 89404 Zambia 2007 89405 Zambia 2013 SAMPLE identifies the DHS sample from which the case is drawn. Each sample receives a unique 5-digit code. The first three digits are ISO/UN codes used in COUNTRY, and the last two digits identify the sample within the country, ordered by survey year. The related variable SAMPLESTR is a string variable that identifies the DHS sample with the same 5-digit code. IPUMS IPUMS-DHS sample identifier (string) IPUMS-DHS sample identifier (string) IPUMS-DHS sample identifier (string) IPUMS-DHS sample identifier (string) IPUMS-DHS sample identifier (string) 11603 Cambodia 2010 11602 Cambodia 2005 11601 Cambodia 2000 10803 Burundi 2016 10802 Burundi 2010 10801 Burundi 1987 10401 Myanmar 2015 05007 Bangladesh 2014 05006 Bangladesh 2011 05005 Bangladesh 2007 05004 Bangladesh 2004 05003 Bangladesh 1999-00 05001 Bangladesh 1994 05002 Bangladesh 1996-97 14801 Chad 1996-97 12004 Cameroon 2011 12003 Cameroon 2004 14803 Chad 2014 18001 Congo Democratic Republic 2007 18002 Congo Democratic Republic 2013-14 20401 Benin 1996 81807 Egypt 2014 81806 Egypt 2008 81805 Egypt 2005 81804 Egypt 2000 81803 Egypt 1995 81802 Egypt 1992 81801 Egypt 1988 80006 Uganda 2016 80005 Uganda 2011 80004 Uganda 2006 80003 Uganda 2001 80002 Uganda 1995 80001 Uganda 1988 79203 Turkey 2003 79202 Turkey 1998 79201 Turkey 1993 78801 Tunisia 1988 72901 Sudan 1989-90 71606 Zimbabwe 2015 71605 Zimbabwe 2010-11 71604 Zimbabwe 2005-6 71603 Zimbabwe 1999 71602 Zimbabwe 1994 71601 Zimbabwe 1988 71001 South Africa 1998 68610 Senegal 2017 68609 Senegal 2016 68608 Senegal 2015 68607 Senegal 2014 14802 Chad 2004 68606 Senegal 2012-13 68605 Senegal 2010-11 68604 Senegal 2005 68603 Senegal 1997 68602 Senegal 1992-93 68601 Senegal 1986 64605 Rwanda 2014 64604 Rwanda 2010 64603 Rwanda 2005 64602 Rwanda 2000 64601 Rwanda 1992 60407 Peru 2012 60406 Peru 2011 60405 Peru 2010 60404 Peru 2004-08 60403 Peru 2000 60402 Peru 1996 60401 Peru 1991-92 58603 Pakistan 2012-13 58602 Pakistan 2006-07 58601 Pakistan 1990-91 56605 Nigeria 2013 56604 Nigeria 2008 56603 Nigeria 2003 56602 Nigeria 1999 56601 Nigeria 1990 56204 Niger 2012 56203 Niger 2006 56202 Niger 1998 12002 Cameroon 1998 12001 Cameroon 1991 11604 Cambodia 2014 02401 Angola 2015 00401 Afghanistan 2015 00101 Model 2015 56201 Niger 1992 52404 Nepal 2011 52403 Nepal 2006 52402 Nepal 2001 52401 Nepal 1996 51604 Namibia 2013 51603 Namibia 2006 51602 Namibia 2000 51601 Namibia 1992 50803 Mozambique 2011 50802 Mozambique 2003 50801 Mozambique 1997 50403 Morocco 2003 50402 Morocco 1992 50401 Morocco 1987 46605 Mali 2012 46604 Mali 2006 46603 Mali 2001 46602 Mali 1995-6 46601 Mali 1987 45405 Malawi 2016 45404 Malawi 2010 45403 Malawi 2004 45402 Malawi 2000 45401 Malawi 1992 45004 Madagascar 2008 45003 Madagascar 2003 45002 Madagascar 1997 45001 Madagascar 1992 42603 Lesotho 2014 42602 Lesotho 2009 42601 Lesotho 2004 40406 Kenya 2014 40405 Kenya 2008-9 40404 Kenya 2003 40403 Kenya 1998 40402 Kenya 1993 40401 Kenya 1989 40006 Jordan 2012 40005 Jordan 2009 40004 Jordan 2007 40003 Jordan 2002 40002 Jordan 1997 40001 Jordan 1990 38403 Cote d'Ivoire 2011 38402 Cote d'Ivoire 1998 38401 Cote d'Ivoire 1994 35604 India 2015-16 35603 India 2005-06 35602 India 1998-99 35601 India 1992-93 32403 Guinea 2012 32402 Guinea 2005 32401 Guinea 1999 32003 Guatemala 2015 32002 Guatemala 1995 32001 Guatemala 1987 28806 Ghana 2014 28805 Ghana 2008 28804 Ghana 2003 28803 Ghana 1998 28802 Ghana 1993 28801 Ghana 1988 23104 Ethiopia 2016 23103 Ethiopia 2011 23102 Ethiopia 2005 23101 Ethiopia 2000 20404 Benin 2011 20403 Benin 2006 20402 Benin 2001 83401 Tanzania 1991 83402 Tanzania 1996 83403 Tanzania 1999 83404 Tanzania 2004 83405 Tanzania 2010 83406 Tanzania 2015 85401 Burkina Faso 1993 85402 Burkina Faso 1998 85403 Burkina Faso 2003 85404 Burkina Faso 2010 88701 Yemen 1991-92 88702 Yemen 2013 89401 Zambia 1992 89402 Zambia 1996 89403 Zambia 2001 89404 Zambia 2007 89405 Zambia 2013 40007 Jordan 2017 52405 Nepal 2016 58604 Pakistan 2017-18 71002 South Africa 2016 SAMPLESTR is a string variable that identifies the DHS sample from which the case is drawn. Each sample receives a unique 5-digit code. The first three digits are ISO/UN codes used in COUNTRY, and the last two digits identify the sample within the country, ordered by survey year. The related variable SAMPLE is a numeric variable that identifies the DHS sample with the same 5-digit code. IPUMS Country Country Country Country Country 001 Model 004 Afghanistan 024 Angola 050 Bangladesh 104 Myanmar 108 Burundi 116 Cambodia 120 Cameroon 148 Chad 180 Congo Democratic Republic 204 Benin 231 Ethiopia 288 Ghana 320 Guatemala 324 Guinea 356 India 384 Cote d'Ivoire 400 Jordan 404 Kenya 426 Lesotho 450 Madagascar 454 Malawi 466 Mali 504 Morocco 508 Mozambique 516 Namibia 524 Nepal 562 Niger 566 Nigeria 586 Pakistan 604 Peru 646 Rwanda 686 Senegal 710 South Africa 716 Zimbabwe 729 Sudan 788 Tunisia 792 Turkey 800 Uganda 818 Egypt 834 Tanzania 854 Burkina Faso 887 Yemen 894 Zambia COUNTRY reports the country where the survey was fielded. The codes assigned to each country are those used by the UN Statistics Division and the ISO (International Organization for Standardization). IPUMS Year of sample Year of sample Year of sample Year of sample Year of sample 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 2017 2017 2018 2018 YEAR reports the year when the survey was fielded, as a four-digit variable. In some cases, the DHS was conducted over the course of two years (e.g., Ethiopia 2010-2011), but YEAR always gives a single year. For full information about the timing of the surveys, please consult the IPUMS-DHS Sample Descriptions page. IPUMS Unique cross-sample household identifier Unique cross-sample household identifier Unique cross-sample household identifier Unique cross-sample household identifier Unique cross-sample household identifier IDHSHID is an identifying number unique to a specific household in a given sample. It is a concatenation of SAMPLE, CLUSTERNO and HHNUM. IDHSHID is a 19-character string variable. IPUMS Key to link DHS clusters to context data (string) Key to link DHS clusters to context data (string) Key to link DHS clusters to context data (string) Key to link DHS clusters to context data (string) Key to link DHS clusters to context data (string) DHSID is the 14-character DHS identification code for DHS clusters constructed from the 2-character country code, the 4-digit survey year, and the 8-digit cluster identification number. DHSID is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample and uniquely identifies clusters across samples. It serves as the unique linking key between IPUMS-DHS microdata and DHS cluster shapefiles. This is a 14-digit numeric variable with 0 implied decimal places IPUMS Unique sample-case PSU identifier Unique sample-case PSU identifier Unique sample-case PSU identifier Unique sample-case PSU identifier Unique sample-case PSU identifier IDHSPSU is an identifying number unique to the primary sampling unit in a given sample. This variable is a concatenation of SAMPLE (which uniquely identifies each country- and year-specific sample) and PSU (the numbered primary sampling units within a given sample). IPUMS Unique cross-sample sampling strata Unique cross-sample sampling strata Unique cross-sample sampling strata Unique cross-sample sampling strata Unique cross-sample sampling strata IDHSSTRATA is an identifying number unique to the sampling strata in a given sample. This variable is a concatenation of SAMPLE (which uniquely identifies each country- and year-specific sample) and STRATA (groups of geographically similar areas, from which primary sampling units are drawn). IPUMS Sample-specific household identifier Sample-specific household identifier Sample-specific household identifier Sample-specific household identifier Sample-specific household identifier HHID is an identifying number unique to each household in a given sample. HHID is a 15-character string variable. IPUMS Sample-specific primary sampling unit Sample-specific primary sampling unit Sample-specific primary sampling unit Sample-specific primary sampling unit Sample-specific primary sampling unit PSUHH (HV021) indicates the primary sampling unit for household members. This variable should be used along with the variable DOMAINHH (HV023) to account for the impact of the sample design clustering on variance estimates and standard errors. The DHS Recode Manuals for Phase 2 forward describe the primary sampling unit as follows: Primary sampling unit is a number assigned to sample points to identify the primary sampling units for use in the calculation of sampling errors. This variable is usually the same as the cluster number and/or the ultimate area unit, but may differ if the sample design required a multistage selection process. See the notes on DHS webpage "Using sample weights" [URL omitted from DDI.] on variance estimation for additional information. PSUHH (HV021) is a 5-digit variable. IPUMS Sample-specific sampling strata Sample-specific sampling strata Sample-specific sampling strata Sample-specific sampling strata Sample-specific sampling strata STRATAHH (HV022) defines the pairings or groupings of primary sampling units used in the calculation of sampling errors when using the Taylor series expansion method. In two-stage sampling, The DHS Program may first group small geographic areas, such as enumeration areas from the last census, into broad strata defined jointly by region and urban versus rural areas within a region. In the second stage of sampling, a subset of geographic areas (sample clusters) are selected as the sites for interviewing from within defined strata. The STRATAHH variable is not the same as DOMAINHH (HV023). (Domains represent statistically representative areas for which valid summary statistics can be calculated for a survey, such as provinces and national urban versus rural combined areas, as described in the survey's final report.) The DHS Program recommends using STRATAHH along with the variable PSUHH (HV021) to account for the impact of the sampling design clustering on estimates of variance and standard errors. Users are strongly encouraged to review the FAQ section provided by The DHS Program on specifying stratification and clustering here [URL omitted from DDI.], using Stata or SPSS to account for sample design. STRATAHH (HV022) is a 3-digit variable. IPUMS Sample-specific domain Sample-specific domain Sample-specific domain Sample-specific domain Sample-specific domain DOMAINHH (HV023) defines the basic geographic units for which the sample was designed to yield representative estimates. The DHS Recode Manual describes DOMAINHH as follows: For example, if the sample was designed to be self-weighting within region, this variable would define those regions; if the sample was designed to be self-weighting within major urban areas, other urban areas and rural areas, this variable would define the major urban, other urban and rural areas. If the sample is self-weighted at the national level, this variable is code 0. When representative estimates are desired, users should include survey design variables, including DOMAINHH (HV023) and PSUHH (HV021), and the correct sample weights (e.g., HHWEIGHT (HV005)) to adjust sampling errors to account for the DHS Program's sample design. In most countries, DOMAINHH defines the stratification for the sample (generally either regional or national). However, some countries use two levels of stratification, such as region and urban/rural areas. Users should check for the correct stratification design by consulting the Final Report(s) for the sample(s) of interest (particularly the Introduction and Sample Design sections and Implementation Appendix). IPUMS Household number in cluster Household number in cluster Household number in cluster Household number in cluster Household number in cluster HHNUMALL (HV002) is the number identifying the household within the cluster or sample point. In some cases, this variable may be the combination of the dwelling number and the household number within the dwelling. To uniquely identify households in most samples, researchers must use HHNUMALL with CLUSTERNOALL (HV001). HHNUMALL is a 4-digit variable. IPUMS Sample-specific cluster number Sample-specific cluster number Sample-specific cluster number Sample-specific cluster number Sample-specific cluster number CLUSTERNOALL (HV001) reports the cluster number for the household member's de facto residence. According to the DHS Sampling Manual, "A cluster is the smallest geographical survey statistical unit for DHS surveys. It consists of a number of adjacent households in a geographical area. For DHS surveys, a cluster corresponds either to an [enumeration area], or a segment of a large [enumeration area]." The most recent census for a country, which divided all territory into enumeration areas to ensure full coverage of the population, often provides the sampling frame for a DHS survey. CLUSTERNOALL is the variable indicating the primary sampling unit or PSU. CLUSTERNOALL should be used along with the variable STRATAHH (HV022) to account for the impact of sample design clustering on the estimates of variance and standard errors. See the notes on DHS webpage "Use sample weights" [URL omitted from DDI.] on variance estimation for additional information. CLUSTERNOALL (HV001) and HHNUMALL (HV002) can be used to merge the household member recode file to the women's individual recode file. See the DHS webpage Merging Datasets [URL omitted from DDI.] on variables to be used for linking data sets. CLUSTERNOALL is an 8 digit variable. IPUMS Sample-specific ultimate area unit Sample-specific ultimate area unit Sample-specific ultimate area unit Sample-specific ultimate area unit Sample-specific ultimate area unit ULTAREAUNITALL (HV004) is a number assigned to each sample point to identify the ultimate area units used in the collection of data. This variable is usually the same as the cluster number [CLUSTERNOALL (HV001)], but it may be a sequentially-numbered variable for samples with a more complicated sampling structure. ULTAREAUNITALL can be used to account for the effects of sampling design clustering on variance estimates and standard errors. ULTAREAUNITALL (HV004) is a 4-digit variable. IPUMS Line number in household Line number in household Line number in household Line number in household Line number in household 1) NUMBER 73 73 72 72 71 71 70 70 69 69 68 68 67 67 66 66 65 65 64 64 63 63 62 62 61 61 60 60 59 59 58 58 57 57 56 56 55 55 54 54 53 53 52 52 51 51 50 50 49 49 48 48 47 47 46 46 45 45 44 44 43 43 42 42 41 41 40 40 39 39 38 38 37 37 36 36 35 35 34 34 33 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 01 1 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 HHLINENO (HVIDX) reports the line number of the household member in the household schedule. IPUMS Respondent's line number (answering Household questionnaire) Respondent's line number (answering Household questionnaire) Respondent's line number (answering Household questionnaire) Respondent's line number (answering Household questionnaire) Respondent's line number (answering Household questionnaire) 1) NUMBER 00 Not in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 98 Missing LINENOHHRESP (HV003) reports the line number in the household schedule of the person responding to the questions asked in the household questionnaire. If nobody in the household was available for the interview, this variable is coded "00." IPUMS Household sample weight (6 decimals) Household sample weight (6 decimals) Household sample weight (6 decimals) Household sample weight (6 decimals) Household sample weight (6 decimals) HHWEIGHT (HV005) is an 8-digit numeric variable, which should be used as a weighting factor to produce representative numbers accurately describing the surveyed population, when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Population factor weight Population factor weight Population factor weight Population factor weight Population factor weight POPWT is a population adjustment factor created by IPUMS to generate count estimates of household members for samples that are nationally representative. See our documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] for more information about how POPWT was created. IPUMS Number of eligible women in household Number of eligible women in household Number of eligible women in household Number of eligible women in household Number of eligible women in household 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 99 NIU (not in universe) ELIGFEMNO (HV010) reports the number of women in the household who are eligible for the individual survey (for women of childbearing age). The selection criteria for eligibility are usually women age 15 to 49. In some countries, the selection criteria are further restricted to ever-married women. IPUMS Eligibility for female interview Eligibility for female interview Eligibility for female interview Eligibility for female interview Eligibility for female interview 16) ELIGIBILITY OF WOMEN: CIRCLE THE LINE NUMBER OF WOMEN BETWEEN THE AGES OF 15 AND 49 (SEE QUESTIONS 6 AND 7). IF HOUSEHOLD HAS MORE THAN 20 MEMBERS, RECORD 'N.A.' Not eligible 1 Eligible 9 NIU (not in universe) ELIGFEMINT (HV117) indicates whether the household member is eligible for the individual women's survey (i.e., those who could be part of the individual recode [IR] file). According to the DHS recode manuals: In most surveys, both de facto and non-de facto women are interviewed; however, women are included in the individual recode only if they were eligible for the interview and were de facto members of the household. (A few surveys use a de jure sample, and the above selection does not apply in those countries.) IPUMS Number of eligible men in household Number of eligible men in household Number of eligible men in household Number of eligible men in household Number of eligible men in household 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 ELIGMALNO (HV011) reports the number of men in the household who are eligible for the men's or husband's survey. The selection criteria for eligibility are country-specific. IPUMS Eligible for men's survey Eligible for men's survey Eligible for men's survey Eligible for men's survey Eligible for men's survey 17) HUSBAND ELIGIBILITY: FOR EACH ELIGIBLE PARTNERED WOMAN: Does the husband/partner of (NAME) currently live in this household, or did he sleep here last night? IF YES: What is his name? RECORD THE HUSBAND'S LINE NUMBER NEXT TO HIS WIFE'S. IF NO: RECORD '00' NEXT TO HIS WIFE'S LINE NUMBER. LINE NUMBER___ Not eligible 1 Eligible 9 NIU (not in universe) ELIGMALEINT (HV118) indicates whether the household member is eligible for the individual men's survey. IPUMS Household weight for male subsample (6 decimals) Household weight for male subsample (6 decimals) Household weight for male subsample (6 decimals) Household weight for male subsample (6 decimals) Household weight for male subsample (6 decimals) 00000000 HHMWEIGHT (HV028) is an 8-digit numeric variable, which should be used as a weighting factor for the subset of households that were randomly selected for the men's or husband's survey. HHMWEIGHT should be used to weight all estimates produced using the households selected for the men's or husband's survey. For households not included in the men's or husband's survey, HHMWEIGHT is set to zero. Note: For researchers using a flat data file (.dat), HHMWEIGHT contains 6 implied decimal places, and researchers should divide this variable by 1,000,000 before applying it as a weighting factor. For all other data formats, HHMWEIGHT has already been adjusted, and researchers do not need to make any changes before using this variable. IPUMS Line number of the head of household Line number of the head of household Line number of the head of household Line number of the head of household Line number of the head of household 1) NUMBER 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 99 NIU (not in universe) HHEADLINENO (HV218) reports the line number of the head of the household. According to the DHS recode manual: This should always be 01; however, there are some households in certain surveys in which the head of household has not been listed as the first person in the household listing. To determine the proportion of households (rather than persons in households) with a given characteristic (e.g., the share of households with electricity), researchers should restrict the sample of household members to one representative per household. Such restriction can be done by selecting only persons with line number 01 in the household roster (using HHLINENO) or selecting only persons coded as head of household in HHRELATE). HHEADLINENO demonstrates that these two criteria usually but not always identify the same person as a representative of the household. IPUMS Year of interview Year of interview Year of interview Year of interview Year of interview 2018 2018 2017 2017 1990 1990 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 1995 1996 1996 1997 1997 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2012 2012 2013 2013 2014 2014 2015 2015 2016 2016 HHINTYR (HV007) reports the year the interview took place. The dates reported in HHINTYR are based on the Gregorian calendar. IPUMS Month of interview Month of interview Month of interview Month of interview Month of interview 01 January 02 February 03 March 04 April 05 May 06 June 07 July 08 August 09 September 10 October 11 November 12 December HHINTMO (HV006) reports the month when the interview took place, according to the Gregorian calendar. IPUMS Day of interview Day of interview Day of interview Day of interview Day of interview 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 HHINTDAY (HV016) reports the day of the month on which the interview took place. HHINTDAY uses dates expressed in the Gregorian calendar. IPUMS Century month date of interview Century month date of interview Century month date of interview Century month date of interview Century month date of interview HHINTCMC (HV008) reports the century month code for the date on which the interview took place. Century month codes (CMC) are particularly useful for checking the consistency of dates, calculating intervals between events, and imputing dates when the information for an event is missing or partially complete. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. The year 1900 was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS-relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 is: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed between January 1900 and June 2002. Starting with CMC figures, one can calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC - 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC - ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) The information above is based on "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006) [URL omitted from DDI.]. The century month codes reported in HHINTCMC are calculated using the Gregorian calculator. HHINTCMC (HV008) is a 4-digit variable. IPUMS Century month code (CMC) for start of survey Century month code (CMC) for start of survey Century month code (CMC) for start of survey Century month code (CMC) for start of survey Century month code (CMC) for start of survey 1415 1415 1414 1414 1399 1399 1397 1397 1408 1408 1402 1402 1398 1398 1393 1393 1392 1392 1391 1391 1390 1390 1388 1388 1387 1387 1386 1386 1381 1381 1379 1379 1378 1378 1377 1377 1374 1374 1373 1373 1372 1372 1369 1369 1365 1365 1364 1364 1361 1361 1358 1358 1355 1355 1354 1354 1353 1353 1350 1350 1346 1346 1344 1344 1339 1339 1338 1338 1333 1333 1332 1332 1330 1330 1329 1329 1328 1328 1327 1327 1326 1326 1325 1325 1320 1320 1318 1318 1307 1307 1305 1305 1302 1302 1299 1299 1296 1296 1290 1290 1288 1288 1287 1287 1285 1285 1283 1283 1281 1281 1280 1280 1277 1277 1274 1274 1273 1273 1271 1271 1269 1269 1268 1268 1264 1264 1262 1262 1258 1258 1257 1257 1255 1255 1250 1250 1249 1249 1248 1248 1247 1247 1246 1246 1244 1244 1243 1243 1242 1242 1241 1241 1240 1240 1239 1239 1231 1231 1223 1223 1220 1220 1213 1213 1209 1209 1207 1207 1206 1206 1202 1202 1199 1199 1197 1197 1193 1193 1191 1191 1187 1187 1185 1185 1184 1184 1179 1179 1178 1178 1177 1177 1173 1173 1170 1170 1167 1167 1165 1165 1164 1164 1163 1163 1160 1160 1159 1159 1158 1158 1153 1153 1151 1151 1143 1143 1135 1135 1134 1134 1127 1127 1125 1125 1124 1124 1118 1118 1116 1116 1115 1115 1113 1113 1111 1111 1110 1110 1109 1109 1108 1108 1107 1107 1105 1105 1103 1103 1102 1102 1096 1096 1092 1092 1090 1090 1084 1084 1079 1079 1068 1068 1066 1066 1065 1065 1062 1062 1058 1058 1049 1049 1047 1047 1036 1036 INTSTARTCMC reports the century month code (CMC) for the first month the survey was fielded, according to the DHS Program website. The contextual variables in IPUMS DHS use the month in INTSTARTCMC as the month of the survey start date. The related variable INTENDCMC reports the century month code for the last month the survey was fielded, according to the DHS Program website. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. The year 1900 was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS-relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 is: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed between January 1900 and June 2002. Starting with CMC figures, one can calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC minus 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC - ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) The information above is based on "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006). [URL omitted from DDI.]. The century month codes reported in INTSTARTCMC are calculated using the Gregorian calculator. IPUMS Century month code (CMC) for end of survey Century month code (CMC) for end of survey Century month code (CMC) for end of survey Century month code (CMC) for end of survey Century month code (CMC) for end of survey 1418 1418 1417 1417 1403 1403 1420 1420 1039 1039 1051 1051 1052 1052 1062 1062 1066 1066 1069 1069 1070 1070 1073 1073 1085 1085 1090 1090 1092 1092 1097 1097 1101 1101 1105 1105 1107 1107 1108 1108 1109 1109 1110 1110 1114 1114 1115 1115 1118 1118 1119 1119 1124 1124 1125 1125 1126 1126 1130 1130 1131 1131 1139 1139 1148 1148 1153 1153 1157 1157 1158 1158 1160 1160 1163 1163 1165 1165 1167 1167 1168 1168 1171 1171 1174 1174 1176 1176 1182 1182 1183 1183 1185 1185 1187 1187 1190 1190 1191 1191 1193 1193 1195 1195 1199 1199 1200 1200 1203 1203 1204 1204 1205 1205 1207 1207 1208 1208 1211 1211 1212 1212 1215 1215 1217 1217 1218 1218 1223 1223 1229 1229 1233 1233 1242 1242 1244 1244 1245 1245 1246 1246 1247 1247 1249 1249 1250 1250 1251 1251 1253 1253 1256 1256 1261 1261 1262 1262 1265 1265 1266 1266 1267 1267 1268 1268 1272 1272 1274 1274 1275 1275 1276 1276 1277 1277 1280 1280 1282 1282 1283 1283 1284 1284 1286 1286 1287 1287 1292 1292 1294 1294 1295 1295 1300 1300 1302 1302 1306 1306 1307 1307 1310 1310 1316 1316 1320 1320 1321 1321 1325 1325 1331 1331 1333 1333 1335 1335 1336 1336 1337 1337 1338 1338 1340 1340 1343 1343 1344 1344 1347 1347 1349 1349 1350 1350 1354 1354 1356 1356 1358 1358 1360 1360 1362 1362 1365 1365 1367 1367 1370 1370 1372 1372 1374 1374 1378 1378 1379 1379 1380 1380 1384 1384 1390 1390 1392 1392 1394 1394 1398 1398 1399 1399 1402 1402 1404 1404 1405 1405 1406 1406 1416 1416 INTENDCMC reports the century month code (CMC) for the last month the survey was fielded, according to the DHS Program website. The related variable INTSTARTCMC reports the century month code for the first month the survey was fielded, according to the DHS Program website. The contextual variables in IPUMS DHS use the month in INTSTARTCMC as the month of the survey start date. Century month codes (CMC) are calculated by multiplying by 12 the difference between the year of an event and 1900. The year 1900 was chosen as the reference period because all of the DHS-relevant events occurred during the twentieth or twenty-first centuries. The month of the event is added to the previous result. CMC = (Year - 1900) * 12 + Month For example, the CMC for June 2002 is: CMC = (2002 - 1900) * 12 + 6 = 1230 In other words, 1,230 months have elapsed between January 1900 and June 2002. Starting with CMC figures, one can calculate the month and year using the following formulas: Year = int( ( CMC minus 1 )/12 ) + 1900 [int(x) is the integer part of x] Month = CMC - ( ( Year - 1900 ) * 12 ) The information above is based on "Online Guide to DHS Statistics" (Rutstein and Rojas, 2006). [URL omitted from DDI.]. The century month codes reported in INTENDCMC are calculated using the Gregorian calculator. IPUMS Number of visits by interviewer Number of visits by interviewer Number of visits by interviewer Number of visits by interviewer Number of visits by interviewer TOTAL NUMBER OF VISITS____ 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 VISITNO (HV017) reports the number of visits by an interviewer required to complete the interview. IPUMS Ever-married sample Ever-married sample Ever-married sample Ever-married sample Ever-married sample All woman sample 1 Ever-married sample EVMARHH (HV020) indicates whether the sample includes only ever-married women or includes all women of childbearing age. IPUMS Identification number of interviewer, household survey Identification number of interviewer, household survey Identification number of interviewer, household survey Identification number of interviewer, household survey Identification number of interviewer, household survey INTERVIEWER: (REPEAT FOR SECOND AND THIRD INTERVIEWERS) DATE__ DAY__ MONTH__ YEAR__ INTERVIEWER NAME___ RESULTS___ INTERVIEWERIDHH (HV018) reports the interviewer identification code for the interviewer conducting the household survey. Codes are country- and sample-specific; a given numeric code in one survey refers to a different person than the same numeric code in another survey. Numbering of interviewer codes is not necessarily consecutive; some surveys use "0" as an identification code, for example, while others begin with a 3-digit number. Using the interviewer identification codes, researchers can evaluate whether the quality of responses (e.g., the number of "missing" cases) depended on the person conducting the interview. IPUMS Urban-rural status Urban-rural status Urban-rural status Urban-rural status Urban-rural status VILLAGE/QUARTER: NIAMEY 1 AGADEZ, MARADI, TAHOUA, ZINDER 2 OTHER CITY 3 RURAL 4 1 Urban 2 Rural URBANHH (HV025) indicates whether the household member's de facto place of residence (i.e., where the person actually was at the time of the survey) was in an urban or rural location. IPUMS Niger regions, 1992-2012 [integrated; GIS] Niger regions, 1992-2012 [integrated; GIS] Niger regions, 1992-2012 [integrated; GIS] Niger regions, 1992-2012 [integrated; GIS] Niger regions, 1992-2012 [integrated; GIS] 1 Tahoua/Agadez 2 Zinder/Diffa 3 Dossa 4 Maradi 5 Tillaberi 6 Niamey GEO_ NE1992_2012 indicates the region of Niger where the respondent was interviewed. The variable is integrated to yield units with consistent boundaries across samples. Labels identify the modern geographic units (regions) contained in each integrated region. Each sample also has its own non-integrated geography variable. The 1992, 2006, and 2012 samples have greater geographic detail available in their sample-specific variables. An integrated GIS map (in shapefile format) for Niger can be downloaded here [URL omitted from DDI.]. IPUMS Niger regions, 1992 [GIS] Niger regions, 1992 [GIS] Niger regions, 1992 [GIS] Niger regions, 1992 [GIS] Niger regions, 1992 [GIS] 1 Niamey 2 Agadez 3 Diffa 4 Dossa 5 Maradi 6 Tahoua 7 Tillaberi 8 Zinder GEO_NE1992 (V101_NE1992) indicates the region of Niger where the respondent was interviewed. DHS units in the 1992 Niger survey are equivalent to grouped regions. Other sample years have their own sample-specific geography variables. There is also an integrated variable, GEO_NE1992_2012, that provides spatially consistent units over time. A GIS map for GEO_NE1992 (in shapefile format) can be downloaded from the DHS Program Spatial Data Repository [URL omitted from DDI.] Boundaries page. IPUMS Sex of household member Sex of household member Sex of household member Sex of household member Sex of household member 6) SEX: Is (NAME) male or female? MALE 1 FEMALE 2 1 Male 2 Female 8 Missing SEX (HV104) reports the sex of the household member, as given by the respondent for the household questionnaire. IPUMS Age of household member Age of household member Age of household member Age of household member Age of household member 7) AGE: How old is (NAME)? NOTE '97' FOR 97 AND OLDER. AGE: ___ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95+ 97 Don't know 98 Missing HHAGE (HV105) reports the household member's age, as given by the respondent for the household questionnaire. IPUMS Usual resident or visitor Usual resident or visitor Usual resident or visitor Usual resident or visitor Usual resident or visitor 4) RESIDENCE: Does (NAME) normally live here? YES 1 NO 2 1 Usual resident 2 Visitor 8 Missing HHRESIDENT (HV102) indicates whether the household member is a usual resident of the household or is just visiting. As defined by the HHRESIDENT variable, a visitor could potentially reside in the city, town, or village where the interview took place, but would have answered "No" to the question, "Does (NAME) usually live here [in this dwelling unit]?" on the household questionnaire. IPUMS Slept last night in HH Slept last night in HH Slept last night in HH Slept last night in HH Slept last night in HH 5) RESIDENCE: Did (NAME) sleep here last night? YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 8 Missing HHSLEPT (HV103) indicates whether the household member is a de facto member of the household, in terms of whether the individual slept in the household the previous night. IPUMS Relationship to household head Relationship to household head Relationship to household head Relationship to household head Relationship to household head 3) RELATIONSHIP TO HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD: What is the familial relation between (NAME) and the head of household? HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD 01 WIFE OR HUSBAND 02 SON OR DAUGHTER 03 SON OR DAUGHTER-IN-LAW 04 GRANDSON OR GRANDDAUGHTER 05 FATHER OR MOTHER 06 PARENT-IN-LAW 07 BROTHER OR SISTER 08 CO-SPOUSE 09 OTHER RELATIVE 10 ADOPTED/FOSTER/STEP CHILD 11 NO FAMILY RELATIONSHIP 12 DON'T KNOW 98 42 Herdboy 14 Stepson/daughter 41 Domestic servant 01 Head 02 Wife or husband 03 Son/daughter 04 Son/daughter-in-law 05 Grandchild 06 Parent 07 Parent-in-law 08 Brother/sister 09 Co-spouse 10 Adopted/foster child 11 Brother/sister-in-law 12 Grandparent 13 Aunt/uncle 20 Niece/nephew 21 Niece/nephew by blood 22 Niece/nephew by marriage 30 Other relative 40 Not related 97 Don't know 98 Missing HHRELATE (HV101) reports the household member's relationship to the head of the household/householder. IPUMS Mother alive Mother alive Mother alive Mother alive Mother alive 11) Is (NAME)'s natural mother still living? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 13) DON'T KNOW 8 (GO TO 13) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For household members under a cut-off age (varying across samples), MOTHERALIVE (HV111) indicates whether the person's mother is still alive. IPUMS Mother's line number Mother's line number Mother's line number Mother's line number Mother's line number 00 Mother not in household 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For household members under a cut-off age (varying across samples), MOTHERLINENO (HV112) reports the household line number of the person's (co-resident) mother. A code of zero indicates the mother does not live in the same household as the child. IPUMS Father alive Father alive Father alive Father alive Father alive 13) Is (NAME)'s natural father still living? YES 1 NO 2 (GO TO 15) DON'T KNOW 8 (GO TO 15) No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) For household members under a cut-off age (varying across samples), FATHERALIVE (HV113) indicates whether the person's father is still alive. IPUMS Father's line number Father's line number Father's line number Father's line number Father's line number 14) Is (NAME)'s natural father living in the household? IF YES: What is his name? WRITE THE FATHER'S LINE NUMBER. LINE NUMBER____ 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) For household members under a specified age (varying across samples), FATHERLINENO (HV114) reports the household line number of the person's (co-resident) father. A code of zero indicates the father does not live in the same household as the child. IPUMS Current marital status Current marital status Current marital status Current marital status Current marital status 15) FOR PERSONS AGED 15 AND OVER: MARITAL STATUS: Is (NAME) currently married/ partnered, widowed/er, divorced/separated, or single? MARRIED/ PARTNERED 1 WIDOWED/ER 2 DIVORCED/SEPARATED 3 SINGLE 4 100 Never married/lived together 110 Unconsummated marriage 200 Married or living together 210 Married 220 Living together 300 Formerly married/lived together 310 Widowed 320 Divorced/separated 321 Divorced 322 Separated/not living together 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) HHMARSTAT (HV115) reports the household member's current marital status. Response categories and question wording vary across surveys, as does the age range covered by this variable. See Comparability. IPUMS Currently, formerly, never married Currently, formerly, never married Currently, formerly, never married Currently, formerly, never married Currently, formerly, never married 15) FOR PERSONS AGED 15 AND OVER: MARITAL STATUS: Is (NAME) currently married/ partnered, widowed/er, divorced/separated, or single? MARRIED/ PARTNERED 1 WIDOWED/ER 2 DIVORCED/SEPARATED 3 SINGLE 4 00 Never married 10 Ever married 11 Currently married 12 Formerly married 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) HHCURRMARR (HV116) reports the household member's marital/union status as "Never married," "Currently married," or "Formerly married." "Never married" includes household members who have never lived with a partner. "Currently married" includes household members who are married and those who are not formally married but are living with a partner. "Formerly married" includes household members who are widowed, divorced, separated, or who have formerly lived with a partner. In samples where the only question asked relates to whether the household member has ever been married (not cohabiting), the responses are coded "10" for "Ever-married" and "0" for "Never married." IPUMS Number of household members Number of household members Number of household members Number of household members Number of household members 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 HHMEMBERS (HV009) reports the number of household members in the household. IPUMS Number of de jure members Number of de jure members Number of de jure members Number of de jure members Number of de jure members 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 DEJURENO (HV012) reports the total number of de jure household members, or the number of household members who usually live in the household (i.e., excluding visitors). IPUMS Number of de facto members Number of de facto members Number of de facto members Number of de facto members Number of de facto members 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 DEFACTONO (HV013) reports the total number of de facto household members, or the number of household members who slept in the household the previous night, including visitors. IPUMS Number of children 5 and under (de jure) Number of children 5 and under (de jure) Number of children 5 and under (de jure) Number of children 5 and under (de jure) Number of children 5 and under (de jure) 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 KIDLT5NO (HV014) reports the number of children under age 5 in the household (de jure). IPUMS Age of household head (from HH record) Age of household head (from HH record) Age of household head (from HH record) Age of household head (from HH record) Age of household head (from HH record) 7) AGE: How old is (NAME)? NOTE '97' FOR 97 AND OLDER. AGE: ___ 98 Missing 96 Non-resident 95 95+ 94 94 93 93 92 92 91 91 90 90 89 89 88 88 87 87 86 86 85 85 84 84 83 83 82 82 81 81 80 80 79 79 78 78 77 77 76 76 75 75 74 74 73 73 72 72 71 71 70 70 69 69 68 68 67 67 66 66 65 65 64 64 63 63 62 62 61 61 60 60 59 59 58 58 57 57 56 56 55 55 54 54 53 53 52 52 51 51 50 50 49 49 48 48 47 47 46 46 45 45 44 44 43 43 42 42 41 41 40 40 39 39 38 38 37 37 36 36 35 35 34 34 33 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 99 NIU (not in universe) 01 1 97 Don't know HHEADAGEHH (HV220) reports the age of the head of the household. The information in HHEADAGEHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Sex of household head (from hh record) Sex of household head (from hh record) Sex of household head (from hh record) Sex of household head (from hh record) Sex of household head (from hh record) 6) SEX: Is (NAME) male or female? MALE 1 FEMALE 2 1 Male 2 Female 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) HHEADSEXHH (HV219) reports the sex of the head of the household. The information in HHEADSEXHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Relationship structure in HH Relationship structure in HH Relationship structure in HH Relationship structure in HH Relationship structure in HH 1) NUMBER 8 Missing 6 Non-resident 5 Unrelated adults 4 Three plus related adults 3 Two adults, same sex 2 Two adults, opp sex 1 One adult No adults 9 NIU (not in universe) FAMSTRUCTR (HV217) indicates the relationship structure (no adults, one adult, two related adults of the opposite sex, two related adults of the same sex, three or more related adults, or unrelated adults) in the household. Only usual (de jure) household members aged 15 and over are considered in determining the household's relationship structure. FAMSTRUCTR is a constructed variable, based on information about each household member's age, sex, and relationship to the householder, which was collected when completing the listing of persons in the household at the time of the survey. The information in FAMSTRUCTR is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Number of rooms in HH used for sleeping Number of rooms in HH used for sleeping Number of rooms in HH used for sleeping Number of rooms in HH used for sleeping Number of rooms in HH used for sleeping 24) In your household, how many rooms do you use for sleeping? ROOMS: ___ 98 Missing 97 Don't know 35 35+ 34 34 33 33 32 32 31 31 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 23 23 22 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 11 11 10 10 09 9 08 8 07 7 06 6 05 5 04 4 03 3 02 2 01 1 00 96 Non-resident 99 NIU (not in universe) SLEEPROOMS (HV216) reports the number of rooms in the household used for sleeping. IPUMS Main material of floor Main material of floor Main material of floor Main material of floor Main material of floor 25) PRINCIPLE FLOORING MATERIAL. RECORD OBSERVATION. NATURAL FLOOR EARTH/SAND 11 FINISHED FLOOR PARQUET OR POLISHED WOOD 31 VINYL STRIPS 32 TILE 33 CEMENT 34 RUG 35 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 41 116 Mud and hay 999 NIU (not in universe) 391 Plaster 996 Non-resident 100 NATURAL 110 Earth-based 111 Earth, sand 112 Earth, mud 113 Earth, mud, clay 114 Sand 115 Dirt/Earth 120 Dung-based 121 Dung 122 Earth and dung 123 Mud, dung, sand 200 RUDIMENTARY 210 Wood 211 Wood planks 212 Wood and tile 213 Wood/palm/bamboo 220 Palm/bamboo 221 Palm/bamboo/leaves 230 Other rudimentary 231 Broken bricks 232 Adobe 233 Unfinished stone 300 FINISHED 310 Parquet/polished wood 311 Polished wood/vinyl/tiles 320 Vinyl/asphalt strips/linoleum 321 Linoleum 330 Tiles/mosaic 331 Ceramic tiles 332 Cement tiles 333 Ceramic/terrazo tiles 334 Ceramic/marble tiles 335 Tiles/brick 340 Cement/concrete 350 Carpet 360 Terrazzo 370 Stone 380 Bricks 390 Other finished 400 OTHER 997 Don't know 998 Missing 322 Vinyl 351 Mat FLOOR (HV213) reports the main material of the floor of the dwelling. Response categories vary widely across surveys but fall into broad groups (i.e., natural materials, rudimentary processed materials, and finished materials). See Comparability. IPUMS Main material of roof Main material of roof Main material of roof Main material of roof Main material of roof 26) MAIN ROOF MATERIAL. RECORD OBSERVATION. CONCRETE 01 SHEET METAL 02 BANCO [TRANSLATOR NOTE: A TYPE OF MUDBRICK OR ADOBE SPECIFIC TO WEST AFRICA] 03 STRAW 04 CANVAS 05 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 06 126 Mud and hay 118 Sticks/sticks with mud or dung 333 Reinforced brick cement 996 Non-resident 000 No roof 100 NATURAL 110 Thatch/palm leaf/grass/makuti 111 Thatch/palm leaf 112 Grass, thatch 113 Grass, thatch, makuti 114 Thatch 115 Thatch/mat/leaves 116 Leaves 117 Grass/leaves/mud 120 Earth 121 Mud 122 Dung, mud 123 Earth, mud 124 Sod 125 Sod/mud and grass mixture 130 Straw 200 RUDIMENTARY 210 Rustic mat 211 Rustic mat, plastic sheets 220 Plastic/polythene sheet 230 Palm/bamboo 231 Palm, bamboo, grass 232 Reed, bamboo 240 Wood planks 241 Wooden tiles, planks 242 Wood, mulch 250 Cardboard 260 Rudimentary - metal 261 Tin cans 262 Iron sheets 270 Other rudimentary 271 Mobile roofs of nomads 272 Skin 300 FINISHED 310 Metal 311 Metal, zinc 312 Corrugated metal sheet, asbestos 313 Corrugated iron 314 Tin 315 Asbetos 320 Wood 330 Cement/concrete 331 Cement 332 Concrete 340 Tiles 341 Ceramic tiles 342 Iron and tiles 343 Tiles/slate 344 Mud tiles 345 Ceramic tiles, harvey (steel) tiles 350 Cement fiber 351 Calamine/cement fiber 352 Asbestos, cement fiber 353 Zinc/cement fiber 360 Roofing shingles 370 Bricks 371 Unburnt bricks 372 Burnt brick 380 Stone 381 Loosely packed stone 382 Stone slabs 383 Slate 400 OTHER 998 Missing 273 Waste materials 999 NIU (not in universe) ROOF (HV215) reports the main material of the roof of the dwelling. Response categories vary widely across surveys but fall into broad groups (i.e., natural materials, rudimentary processed materials, and finished materials). See Comparability. IPUMS Dwelling has electricity (from hh record) Dwelling has electricity (from hh record) Dwelling has electricity (from hh record) Dwelling has electricity (from hh record) Dwelling has electricity (from hh record) 23 In your residence, do you have: Electricity? A radio? A television? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) ELECTRCHH (HV206) indicates whether the household has electricity. Samples vary in how that information was collected. The information in ELECTRCHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Type of toilet facility Type of toilet facility Type of toilet facility Type of toilet facility Type of toilet facility 22) What kind of toilet is there in your household? FLUSH TOILET OWN FLUSH TOILET 11 SHARED FLUSH TOILET 12 PUBLIC FLUSH TOILET 13 PIT TOILET OR LATRINE TRADITIONAL PIT TOILET 21 VENTILATED IMPROVED PIT (VIP) OR LATRINES 22 NO FACILITY/BRUSH/FIELD 31 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 41 3431 Pit latrine with ventilation pipe, no mesh 9996 Non-resident 0000 NO FACILITY 1000 FLUSH TOILET 1100 Unspecified type of flush toilet 1110 Own flush toilet (unspecified type) 1120 Shared flush toilet (unspecified type) 1200 Modern flush toilet 1210 Flush to piped sewer system 1300 Traditional with tank flush 1400 Bucket flush toilet 1410 Flush to pit latrine 1420 Flush to somewhere else 1430 Flush, don't know where 2000 NON-FLUSHING TOILET 2100 Composting toilet 2200 Dry toilet 2300 Ecosan toilet 3000 PIT TOILET LATRINE 3100 Unspecified type of pit latrine 3110 Own pit toilet or latrine (unspecified type) 3120 Shared pit toiletor latrine (unspecified type) 3121 Public pit toilet or latrine (unspecified type) 3200 Traditional pit toilet or latrine 3210 Pit latrine without slab or open pit 3300 Pit latrine with slab 3400 Ventilated improved pit latrine 3410 Covered pit latrine, no slab 3420 Covered pit latrine with slab 3430 Covered latrine 3440 Septic pit 4000 UNIMPROVED TOILET 4100 Bucket toilet 4200 River 4300 Hanging latrine over water source 5000 OTHER 9998 Missing 1112 Private flush toilet, outside residence 1211 Flush to piped sewer system, indoors 1212 Flush to piped sewer system, inside yard 1213 Flush to piped sewer system, out of yard 3310 Pit latrine with washable slab 3320 Pit latrine with non-washable slab 3490 Other improved system 3463 Latrine to piped public system, out of yard 3462 Latrine to piped public system, inside yard 3461 Latrine to piped public system, indoors 3443 Latrine to septic tank, out of yard 3442 Latrine to septic tank, inside yard 3441 Latrine to septic tank, indoors 3212 Open pit latrine, out of yard 3211 Open pit latrine, inside yard 1253 Flush to septic tank, out of yard 1252 Flush to septic tank, inside yard 1251 Flush to septic tank, indoors 1250 Flush to septic tank 1240 Flush, not to sewer 1233 Flush to ground water, out of yard 1232 Flush to ground water, inside yard 1231 Flush to ground water, indoors 3450 Latrine with manual flush 3460 Latrine to piped public system 9999 NIU (not in universe) 1230 Flush to pipe connected to ground water 1220 Flush to pipe connected to canal 1132 Public flush toilet, outside residence 1131 Public flush toilet, inside residence 1130 Public flush toilet (unspecified type) 1111 Private flush toilet, inside residence TOILETTYPE (HV205) reports the household's type of toilet facility, with no facility coded "0." Responses vary widely across surveys; see Comparability. The information in TOILETTYPE is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Major source of non-drinking water Major source of non-drinking water Major source of non-drinking water Major source of non-drinking water Major source of non-drinking water 18) Where does the water your household uses for hand and dishwashing come from? PIPED WATER PIPED INTO THE RESIDENCE/YARD/PLOT 11 (GO TO 20) PUBLIC TAP 12 WELL WATER WELL IN THE RESIDENCE/YARD/PLOT 21 (GO TO 20) PUBLIC WELL OR BOREHOLE 22 SURFACE WATER SPRING 31 RIVER OR STREAM 32 POND/LAKE 33 DAM 34 RAINWATER 41 (GO TO 20) WATER VENDOR 51 BOTTLED WATER 61 (GO TO 20) OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 71 9996 Non-resident 1000 PIPED WATER 1100 Piped into own dwelling/yard/plot 1110 Piped into own dwelling 1120 Piped into own yard/plot 1200 Piped outside own residence/plot 1210 Public tap/standpipe 1220 Piped into neighbor's dwelling/yard 2000 WELL WATER 2100 Unprotected/open well 2110 Open well in own dwelling/yard/plot 2111 Open well in own dwelling 2112 Open well in own yard/plot 2120 Open public well 2130 Open well in neighbor's residence 2200 Protected well 2210 Protected well in own dwelling/yard/plot 2211 Protected well in own dwelling 2212 Protected well in own yard/plot 2220 Protected public well 2230 Tube well or borehole 2231 Borehole in yard/plot 2232 Public borehole 2300 Unspecified well 2310 Unspecified well in residence/yard/plot 2311 Unspecified well in own dwelling 2312 Unspecified well in own yard/plot 2313 Handpump in yard/plot 2320 Unspecified public well 2321 Public shallow well 2322 Public traditional well 2323 Public handpump 2330 Unspecified neighbor's well 2340 Unspecified well by type 2341 Well with pump 2342 Well without pump 3000 SURFACE WATER 3100 Spring 3110 Protected spring 3120 Unprotected spring 3200 River/dam/lake/ponds/streams/canal/irrigation channel 3210 River, stream 3220 Pond, lake 3230 Dam 3240 Canal or river/canal 3250 Irrigation ditch 3260 Dugout pond 3300 Channeled by gravity flow scheme 4000 RAINWATER 4100 Rainwater collected in tank 5000 PURCHASED FROM SUPPLIER 5100 Tanker truck 5200 Cart with small tank 5300 Water vendor 5400 Bottled water 5410 Sachet water (in a bag) 6000 OTHER SOURCE 9998 Missing 9999 NIU (not in universe) 5201 Motorcycle with 3 wheels NDRINKWTR (HV202) reports the household's main source of water for uses other than drinking (for example, cooking and washing). Responses vary widely across surveys; see Comparability. The information in NDRINKWTR is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Major source of drinking water Major source of drinking water Major source of drinking water Major source of drinking water Major source of drinking water 21) Where does the water your household uses for drinking come from? PIPED WATER PIPED INTO THE RESIDENCE/YARD/PLOT 11 PUBLIC TAP 12 WELL WATER WELL IN THE RESIDENCE/YARD/PLOT 21 PUBLIC WELL OR BOREHOLE 22 SURFACE WATER SPRING 31 RIVER OR STREAM 32 POND/LAKE 33 DAM 34 RAINWATER 41 WATER VENDOR 51 BOTTLED WATER 61 OTHER (SPECIFY): ___ 71 2213 Protected well in neighbor's residence/plot 9996 Non-resident 1000 PIPED WATER 1100 Piped into own dwelling/yard/plot 1110 Piped into own dwelling 1120 Piped into own yard/plot 1200 Piped outside own residence/plot 1210 Public tap/standpipe 1220 Piped into neighbor's dwelling/yard 2000 WELL WATER 2100 Unprotected/open well 2110 Open well in own dwelling/yard/plot 2111 Open well in own dwelling 2112 Open well in own yard/plot 2120 Open public well 2130 Open well in neighbor's residence 2200 Protected well 2210 Protected well in own dwelling/yard/plot 2211 Protected well in own dwelling 2212 Protected well in own yard/plot 2220 Protected public well 2230 Tube well or borehole 2231 Borehole in yard/plot 2232 Public borehole 2300 Unspecified well 2310 Unspecified well in residence/yard/plot 2311 Unspecified well in own dwelling 2312 Unspecified well in own yard/plot 2313 Handpump in yard/plot 2320 Unspecified public well 2321 Public shallow well 2322 Public traditional well 2323 Public handpump 2330 Unspecified neighbor's well 2340 Unspecified well by type 2341 Well with pump 2342 Well without pump 3000 SURFACE WATER 3100 Spring 3110 Protected spring/surface water 3120 Unprotected spring/surface water 3200 River/dam/lake/ponds/streams/canal/irrigation channel 3210 River, stream 3220 Pond, lake 3230 Dam 3240 Canal or river/canal 3250 Irrigation ditch 3260 Dugout pond 3300 Channeled by gravity flow scheme 4000 RAINWATER 4100 Rainwater collected in tank 5000 PURCHASED FROM SUPPLIER 5100 Tanker truck 5200 Cart with small tank 5300 Water vendor 5400 Bottled water 5410 Sachet water (in a bag) 6000 OTHER SOURCE 9998 Missing 1211 Public tap from filtration plant 1212 Public tap from stone pipes 5310 Water vendor from unknown source 5320 Water vendor from protected well 5330 Water vendor from unprotected well 5340 Water vendor from pond/lake 9999 NIU (not in universe) 5500 Community reverse osmosis plant 5201 Motorcycle with 3 wheels DRINKWTR (HV201) reports the household's main source of drinking water. Responses vary widely across surveys; see Comparability. The information in DRINKWTR is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Same water source used for drinking and other water (HH record) Same water source used for drinking and other water (HH record) Same water source used for drinking and other water (HH record) Same water source used for drinking and other water (HH record) Same water source used for drinking and other water (HH record) 20) Does your household use water from the same source for drinking? YES 1 (GO TO 22) NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) With information taken from the household record, SAMEH2OSRCHH (HV203) indicates whether the household used the same source of water for drinking and for other uses (such as laundry and dishwashing). For samples without this variable, the information could be calculated by comparing the household's reported sources of drinking water and water for other uses. The information in SAMEH2OSRCHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Time to reach water source and return, in minutes (from HH record) Time to reach water source and return, in minutes (from HH record) Time to reach water source and return, in minutes (from HH record) Time to reach water source and return, in minutes (from HH record) Time to reach water source and return, in minutes (from HH record) 19) How much time does it take to go there, get water, and come back? MINUTES: ___ ON LOCATION 996 000 001 1 002 2 003 3 004 4 005 5 006 6 007 7 008 8 009 9 010 10 011 11 012 12 013 13 014 14 015 15 016 16 017 17 018 18 019 19 020 20 021 21 022 22 023 23 024 24 025 25 026 26 027 27 028 28 029 29 030 30 031 31 032 32 033 33 034 34 035 35 036 36 037 37 038 38 039 39 040 40 041 41 042 42 043 43 044 44 045 45 046 46 047 47 048 48 049 49 050 50 051 51 052 52 053 53 054 54 055 55 056 56 057 57 058 58 059 59 060 60 061 61 062 62 063 63 064 64 065 65 066 66 067 67 068 68 069 69 070 70 071 71 072 72 073 73 074 74 075 75 076 76 077 77 078 78 079 79 080 80 081 81 082 82 083 83 084 84 085 85 086 86 087 87 088 88 089 89 090 90 091 91 092 92 093 93 094 94 095 95 096 96 097 97 098 98 099 99 100 100 101 101 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 107 107 108 108 109 109 110 110 111 111 112 112 113 113 114 114 115 115 116 116 117 117 118 118 119 119 120 120 121 121 122 122 123 123 124 124 125 125 126 126 127 127 128 128 129 129 130 130 131 131 132 132 133 133 134 134 135 135 136 136 137 137 138 138 139 139 140 140 141 141 142 142 143 143 144 144 145 145 146 146 147 147 148 148 149 149 150 150 151 151 152 152 153 153 154 154 155 155 156 156 157 157 158 158 159 159 160 160 161 161 162 162 163 163 164 164 165 165 166 166 167 167 168 168 169 169 170 170 171 171 172 172 173 173 174 174 175 175 176 176 177 177 178 178 179 179 180 180 181 181 182 182 183 183 184 184 185 185 186 186 187 187 188 188 189 189 190 190 191 191 192 192 193 193 194 194 195 195 196 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 200 200 201 201 202 202 203 203 204 204 205 205 206 206 207 207 208 208 209 209 210 210 211 211 212 212 213 213 214 214 215 215 216 216 217 217 218 218 219 219 220 220 221 221 222 222 223 223 224 224 225 225 226 226 227 227 228 228 229 229 230 230 231 231 232 232 233 233 234 234 235 235 236 236 237 237 238 238 239 239 240 240 241 241 242 242 243 243 244 244 245 245 246 246 247 247 248 248 249 249 250 250 251 251 252 252 253 253 254 254 255 255 256 256 257 257 258 258 259 259 260 260 261 261 262 262 263 263 264 264 265 265 266 266 267 267 268 268 269 269 270 270 271 271 272 272 273 273 274 274 275 275 276 276 277 277 278 278 279 279 280 280 281 281 282 282 283 283 284 284 285 285 286 286 287 287 288 288 289 289 290 290 291 291 292 292 293 293 294 294 295 295 296 296 297 297 298 298 299 299 300 300 301 301 302 302 303 303 304 304 305 305 306 306 307 307 308 308 309 309 310 310 311 311 312 312 313 313 314 314 315 315 316 316 317 317 318 318 319 319 320 320 321 321 322 322 323 323 324 324 325 325 326 326 327 327 328 328 329 329 330 330 331 331 332 332 333 333 334 334 335 335 336 336 337 337 338 338 339 339 340 340 341 341 342 342 343 343 344 344 345 345 346 346 347 347 348 348 349 349 350 350 351 351 352 352 353 353 354 354 355 355 356 356 357 357 358 358 359 359 360 360+ 995 On premises 996 Non-resident 997 Don't know 998 Missing 999 NIU (not in universe) TIMETOWTRHH (HV204) reports the time in minutes it takes members of the household to get to their main source of water and return to their dwelling. In IPUMS-DHS, this variable is top-coded at 360 minutes or more (6 hours or longer). The information in TIMETOWTRHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has bicycle (from HH record) HH has bicycle (from HH record) HH has bicycle (from HH record) HH has bicycle (from HH record) HH has bicycle (from HH record) 27) Is there someone in your household who owns: A bicycle? A scooter or motorcycle? A car? A cart? BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 SCOOTER/MOTORCYCLE YES 1 NO 2 CAR YES 1 NO 2 CART YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) BIKEHH (HV210) indicates whether any member of the household has a bicycle. The information in BIKEHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has car/truck (from HH record) HH has car/truck (from HH record) HH has car/truck (from HH record) HH has car/truck (from HH record) HH has car/truck (from HH record) 27) Is there someone in your household who owns: A bicycle? A scooter or motorcycle? A car? A cart? BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 SCOOTER/MOTORCYCLE YES 1 NO 2 CAR YES 1 NO 2 CART YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) CARHH (HV212) indicates whether any member of the household owns a car or truck (or other motor vehicle). The specific type of motor vehicle mentioned varies across samples. See Comparability. The information in CARHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has motorcycle/scooter (from HH record) HH has motorcycle/scooter (from HH record) HH has motorcycle/scooter (from HH record) HH has motorcycle/scooter (from HH record) HH has motorcycle/scooter (from HH record) 27) Is there someone in your household who owns: A bicycle? A scooter or motorcycle? A car? A cart? BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 SCOOTER/MOTORCYCLE YES 1 NO 2 CAR YES 1 NO 2 CART YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) MOTORCYCLHH (HV211) indicates whether any member of the household owns a motorcycle or scooter. The information in MOTORCYCLHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has refrigerator (from HH record) HH has refrigerator (from HH record) HH has refrigerator (from HH record) HH has refrigerator (from HH record) HH has refrigerator (from HH record) 23 In your residence, do you have: Electricity? A radio? A television? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) FRIDGEHH (HV209) indicates whether the household has a refrigerator. Some samples specified that the refrigerator must be working or owned by the household. See Comparability. The information in FRIDGEHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has radio (from HH record) HH has radio (from HH record) HH has radio (from HH record) HH has radio (from HH record) HH has radio (from HH record) 23 In your residence, do you have: Electricity? A radio? A television? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) RADIOHH (HV207) indicates whether any member of the household owns a radio. Some samples specified that the radio must be working or fit other specifications. See Comparability. The information in RADIOHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has television (from HH record) HH has television (from HH record) HH has television (from HH record) HH has television (from HH record) HH has television (from HH record) 23 In your residence, do you have: Electricity? A radio? A television? A refrigerator? ELECTRICITY YES 1 NO 2 RADIO YES 1 NO 2 TELEVISION YES 1 NO 2 REFRIGERATOR YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Unknown 9 NIU (not in universe) TVHH (HV208) indicates whether any member of the household has a television. Some samples specified that the TV must be in working order. See Comparability. The information in TVHH is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS HH has animal-drawn cart HH has animal-drawn cart HH has animal-drawn cart HH has animal-drawn cart HH has animal-drawn cart 27) Is there someone in your household who owns: A bicycle? A scooter or motorcycle? A car? A cart? BICYCLE YES 1 NO 2 SCOOTER/MOTORCYCLE YES 1 NO 2 CAR YES 1 NO 2 CART YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 6 Non-resident 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) DRAWNCART indicates whether a household member owned an animal-drawn cart. Question wording varied across samples; see Comparability. The information in DRAWNCART is taken from the household record and applies to regular household residents, not temporary visitors. Researchers may wish to exclude visitors using the RESIDENT variable (with visitors coded "2") when women, children, or births are the unit of analysis, and using the HHRESIDENT variable when household members are the unit of analysis. IPUMS Highest education level attained Highest education level attained Highest education level attained Highest education level attained Highest education level attained No education/primary 1 Primary 2 Secondary 3 Higher 4 Other 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) EDLEVEL (HV106) reports the highest level of school the household member attended. Countries vary in the gradations of their school systems, but EDUCLVL is a standardized variable reporting level of education in four broad categories: No education, Primary, Secondary, and Higher. Any household member below the lower age limit (usually 6 years) for the education questions is classified in the "No education" category. IPUMS Highest year of education completed in level Highest year of education completed in level Highest year of education completed in level Highest year of education completed in level Highest year of education completed in level 00 Less than 1 year 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 90 Other 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) EDLEVYR (HV107) reports the number of years of schooling completed by the household member at the educational level (primary, secondary, or higher) reported in EDLEVEL (HV106). See Comparability for more information on how to correctly interpret values in EDLEVYR. For the household member's total years of education, see EDYEARS (HV108). IPUMS Education in completed years Education in completed years Education in completed years Education in completed years Education in completed years 00 01 1 02 2 03 3 04 4 05 5 06 6 07 7 08 8 09 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 90 Other 96 Inconsistent 97 Don't know 98 Missing 99 NIU (not in universe) EDYEARS (HV108) reports the household member's education in single completed years. This variable is constructed from responses to EDLEVEL (HV106) and EDLEVYR (HV107), as follows: If EDLEVEL = "No education," EDYEARS = "0" If EDLEVEL = "Primary," EDYEARS = EDLEVYR If EDLEVEL = "Secondary," EDYEARS = EDLEVYR + x If EDLEVEL = "Higher," EDYEARS = EDLEVYR + y If EDLEVEL = "Missing," EDYEARS = "Missing" In the above equations, "x" equals the number of years needed to complete primary education, and "y" equals the number of years needed to complete primary and secondary education. The values of "x" and "y" are country-specific. IPUMS Educational attainment Educational attainment Educational attainment Educational attainment Educational attainment No education 1 Incomplete primary 2 Complete primary 3 Incomplete secondary 4 Complete secondary 5 Higher 6 Other 7 Don't know 8 Missing EDSUMM (HV109) is a summary variable that reports the household member's highest level of education in broad categories. Countries vary in the gradations of their school systems, but EDSUMM is a standardized variable providing the level of education in six categories: No education, Incomplete primary, Complete primary, Incomplete secondary, Complete secondary, and Higher. EDSUMM is constructed from information contained in EDLEVEL (HV106) and EDLEVYR (HV107). IPUMS Member still in school Member still in school Member still in school Member still in school Member still in school 10) IF UNDER 25 YEARS OLD: Does (NAME) still go to school? YES 1 NO 2 No 1 Yes 7 Don't know 8 Missing 9 NIU (not in universe) EDINSCHOOL (HV110) indicates whether the household member is still in school. All members whose age is equal to or greater than the upper limit (usually age 25) for this question or who have never attended school are coded "0" for ("No," or not in school). IPUMS Soil type Soil type Soil type Soil type Soil type -998 Missing 0001 Haplic Acrisols 0002 Haplic Acrisols (Alumic) 0003 Haplic Acrisols (Ferric) 0004 Haplic Acrisols (Humic) 0005 Plinthic Acrisols 0006 Vetic Acrisols 0007 Haplic Albeluvisols 0008 Histic Albeluvisols 0009 Umbric Albeluvisols 0010 Cutanic Alisols 0011 Haplic Alisols 0012 Aluandic Andosols 0013 Haplic Andosols 0014 Vitric Andosols 0015 Albic Arenosols 0016 Ferralic Arenosols 0017 Haplic Arenosols 0018 Haplic Arenosols (Calcaric) 0019 Hypoluvic Arenosols 0020 Protic Arenosols 0021 Haplic Calcisols 0022 Haplic Calcisols (Sodic) 0023 Luvic Calcisols 0024 Petric Calcisols 0025 Endogleyic Cambisols 0026 Ferralic Cambisols 0027 Haplic Cambisols 0028 Haplic Cambisols (Calcaric) 0029 Haplic Cambisols (Chromic) 0030 Haplic Cambisols (Dystric) 0031 Haplic Cambisols (Eutric) 0032 Haplic Cambisols (Humic) 0033 Haplic Cambisols (Sodic) 0034 Leptic Cambisols 0035 Vertic Cambisols 0036 Calcic Chernozems 0037 Haplic Chernozems 0038 Luvic Chernozems 0039 Haplic Cryosols 0040 Turbic Cryosols 0041 Vitric Cryosols 0042 Petric Durisols 0043 Acric Ferralsols 0044 Haplic Ferralsols 0045 Haplic Ferralsols (Rhodic) 0046 Haplic Ferralsols (Xanthic) 0047 Umbric Ferralsols 0048 Haplic Fluvisols 0049 Haplic Fluvisols (Arenic) 0050 Haplic Fluvisols (Calcaric) 0051 Haplic Fluvisols (Dystric) 0052 Haplic Fluvisols (Eutric) 0053 Calcic Gleysols 0054 Haplic Gleysols 0055 Haplic Gleysols (Dystric) 0056 Haplic Gleysols (Eutric) 0057 Mollic Gleysols 0058 Umbric Gleysols 0059 Calcic Gypsisols 0060 Haplic Gypsisols 0061 Calcic Histosols 0062 Cryic Histosols 0063 Fibric Histosols 0064 Hemic Histosols 0065 Sapric Histosols 0066 Calcic Kastanozems 0067 Haplic Kastanozems 0068 Haplic Leptosols 0069 Haplic Leptosols (Eutric) 0070 Lithic Leptosols 0071 Mollic Leptosols 0072 Rendzic Leptosols 0073 Haplic Lixisols 0074 Haplic Lixisols (Chromic) 0075 Haplic Lixisols (Ferric) 0076 Albic Luvisols 0077 Calcic Luvisols 0078 Gleyic Luvisols 0079 Haplic Luvisols 0080 Haplic Luvisols (Chromic) 0081 Haplic Luvisols (Ferric) 0082 Leptic Luvisols 0083 Stagnic Luvisols 0084 Vertic Luvisols 0085 Alic Nitisols 0086 Haplic Nitisols (Rhodic) 0087 Haplic Phaeozems 0088 Leptic Phaeozems 0089 Luvic Phaeozems 0090 Endogleyic Planosols 0091 Haplic Planosols (Dystric) 0092 Haplic Planosols (Eutric) 0093 Luvic Planosols 0094 Solodic Planosols 0095 Acric Plinthosols 0096 Lixic Plinthosols 0097 Gleyic Podzols 0098 Haplic Podzols 0099 Aric Regosols 0100 Calcaric Regosols 0101 Haplic Regosols (Dystric) 0102 Haplic Regosols (Eutric) 0103 Haplic Regosols (Sodic) 0104 Leptic Regosols 0105 Gypsic Solonchaks 0106 Haplic Solonchaks 0107 Haplic Solonchaks (Sodic) 0108 Calcic Solonetz 0109 Gleyic Solonetz 0110 Haplic Solonetz 0111 Mollic Solonetz 0112 Luvic Stagnosols 0113 Haplic Umbrisols 0114 Leptic Umbrisols 0115 Calcic Vertisols 0116 Haplic Vertisols 0117 Haplic Vertisols (Eutric) 0118 Mollic Vertisols SOIL reports the predominant soil type within a 5-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The soil attributes reported in SOIL are: soil class (e.g., Leptosols), with 30 class categories, and soil type within that class (e.g., Lithic Leptosols). SOIL is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. SOIL is based on data from SoilGrids [URL omitted from DDI.]. SoilGrids is a system for automated soil mapping based on global soil profile and covariate data. There are 118 different soil types in the world according to SoilGrids [URL omitted from DDI.]. For the full list of codes and their meaning, see the soil legend [URL omitted from DDI.]. SOIL, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Ecoregion of household Ecoregion of household Ecoregion of household Ecoregion of household Ecoregion of household -0998 Missing 10101 Admiralty Islands lowland rain forests 10102 Banda Sea Islands moist deciduous forests 10103 Biak-Numfoor rain forests 10104 Buru rain forests 10105 Central Range montane rain forests 10106 Halmahera rain forests 10107 Huon Peninsula montane rain forests 10108 Yapen rain forests 10109 Lord Howe Island subtropical forests 10110 Louisiade Archipelago rain forests 10111 New Britain-New Ireland lowland rain forests 10112 New Britain-New Ireland montane rain forests 10113 New Caledonia rain forests 10114 Norfolk Island subtropical forests 10115 Northern New Guinea lowland rain and freshwater swamp forests 10116 Northern New Guinea montane rain forests 10117 Queensland tropical rain forests 10118 Seram rain forests 10119 Solomon Islands rain forests 10120 Southeastern Papuan rain forests 10121 Southern New Guinea freshwater swamp forests 10122 Southern New Guinea lowland rain forests 10123 Sulawesi lowland rain forests 10124 Sulawesi montane rain forests 10125 Trobriand Islands rain forests 10126 Vanuatu rain forests 10127 Vogelkop montane rain forests 10128 Vogelkop-Aru lowland rain forests 10201 Lesser Sundas deciduous forests 10202 New Caledonia dry forests 10203 Sumba deciduous forests 10204 Timor and Wetar deciduous forests 10401 Chatham Island temperate forests 10402 Eastern Australian temperate forests 10403 Fiordland temperate forests 10404 Nelson Coast temperate forests 10405 North Island temperate forests 10406 Northland temperate kauri forests 10407 Rakiura Island temperate forests 10408 Richmond temperate forests 10409 Southeast Australia temperate forests 10410 South Island temperate forests 10411 Tasmanian Central Highland forests 10412 Tasmanian temperate forests 10413 Tasmanian temperate rain forests 10414 Westland temperate forests 10701 Arnhem Land tropical savanna 10702 Brigalow tropical savanna 10703 Cape York Peninsula tropical savanna 10704 Carpentaria tropical savanna 10705 Einasleigh upland savanna 10706 Kimberly tropical savanna 10707 Mitchell grass downs 10708 Trans Fly savanna and grasslands 10709 Victoria Plains tropical savanna 10801 Cantebury-Otago tussock grasslands 10802 Eastern Australia mulga shrublands 10803 Southeast Australia temperate savanna 11001 Australian Alps montane grasslands 11002 Central Range sub-alpine grasslands 11003 South Island montane grasslands 11101 Antipodes Subantarctic Islands tundra 11201 Coolgardie woodlands 11202 Esperance mallee 11203 Eyre and York mallee 11204 Jarrah-Karri forest and shrublands 11205 Swan Coastal Plain Scrub and Woodlands 11206 Mount Lofty woodlands 11207 Murray-Darling woodlands and mallee 11208 Naracoorte woodlands 11209 Southwest Australia savanna 11210 Southwest Australia woodlands 11301 Carnarvon xeric shrublands 11302 Central Ranges xeric scrub 11303 Gibson desert 11304 Great Sandy-Tanami desert 11305 Great Victoria desert 11306 Nullarbor Plains xeric shrublands 11307 Pilbara shrublands 11308 Simpson desert 11309 Tirari-Sturt stony desert 11310 Western Australian Mulga shrublands 11401 New Guinea mangroves 21101 Marielandia Antarctic tundra 21102 Maudlandia Antarctic desert 21103 Scotia Sea Islands tundra 21104 Southern Indian Ocean Islands tundra 30101 Albertine Rift montane forests 30102 Atlantic Equatorial coastal forests 30103 Cameroonian Highlands forests 30104 Central Congolian lowland forests 30105 Comoros forests 30106 Cross-Niger transition forests 30107 Cross-Sanaga-Bioko coastal forests 30108 East African montane forests 30109 Eastern Arc forests 30110 Eastern Congolian swamp forests 30111 Eastern Guinean forests 30112 Ethiopian montane forests 30113 Granitic Seychelles forests 30114 Guinean montane forests 30115 Knysna-Amatole montane forests 30116 KwaZulu-Cape coastal forest mosaic 30117 Madagascar lowland forests 30118 Madagascar subhumid forests 30119 Maputaland coastal forest mosaic 30120 Mascarene forests 30121 Mount Cameroon and Bioko montane forests 30122 Niger Delta swamp forests 30123 Nigerian lowland forests 30124 Northeastern Congolian lowland forests 30125 Northern Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal forest mosaic 30126 Northwestern Congolian lowland forests 30127 Sao Tome, Principe and Annobon moist lowland forests 30128 Southern Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal forest mosaic 30129 Western Congolian swamp forests 30130 Western Guinean lowland forests 30201 Cape Verde Islands dry forests 30202 Madagascar dry deciduous forests 30203 Zambezian Cryptosepalum dry forests 30701 Angolan Miombo woodlands 30702 Angolan Mopane woodlands 30703 Ascension scrub and grasslands 30704 Central Zambezian Miombo woodlands 30705 East Sudanian savanna 30706 Eastern Miombo woodlands 30707 Guinean forest-savanna mosaic 30708 Itigi-Sumbu thicket 30709 Kalahari Acacia-Baikiaea woodlands 30710 Mandara Plateau mosaic 30711 Northern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets 30712 Northern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic 30713 Sahelian Acacia savanna 30714 Serengeti volcanic grasslands 30715 Somali Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets 30716 Southern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets 30717 Southern Africa bushveld 30718 Southern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic 30719 Southern Miombo woodlands 30720 St. Helena scrub and woodlands 30721 Victoria Basin forest-savanna mosaic 30722 West Sudanian savanna 30723 Western Congolian forest-savanna mosaic 30724 Western Zambezian grasslands 30725 Zambezian and Mopane woodlands 30726 Zambezian Baikiaea woodlands 30801 Al Hajar montane woodlands 30802 Amsterdam and Saint-Paul Islands temperate grasslands 30803 Tristan Da Cunha-Gough Islands shrub and grasslands 30901 East African halophytics 30902 Etosha Pan halophytics 30903 Inner Niger Delta flooded savanna 30904 Lake Chad flooded savanna 30905 Saharan flooded grasslands 30906 Zambezian coastal flooded savanna 30907 Zambezian flooded grasslands 30908 Zambezian halophytics 31001 Angolan montane forest-grassland mosaic 31002 Angolan scarp savanna and woodlands 31003 Drakensberg alti-montane grasslands and woodlands 31004 Drakensberg montane grasslands, woodlands and forests 31005 East African montane moorlands 31006 Eastern Zimbabwe montane forest-grassland mosaic 31007 Ethiopian montane grasslands and woodlands 31008 Ethiopian montane moorlands 31009 Highveld grasslands 31010 Jos Plateau forest-grassland mosaic 31011 Madagascar ericoid thickets 31012 Maputaland-Pondoland bushland and thickets 31013 Rwenzori-Virunga montane moorlands 31014 South Malawi montane forest-grassland mosaic 31015 Southern Rift montane forest-grassland mosaic 31201 Albany thickets 31202 Lowland fynbos and renosterveld 31203 Montane fynbos and renosterveld 31301 Aldabra Island xeric scrub 31302 Arabian Peninsula coastal fog desert 31303 East Saharan montane xeric woodlands 31304 Eritrean coastal desert 31305 Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands 31306 Gulf of Oman desert and semi-desert 31307 Hobyo grasslands and shrublands 31308 Ile Europa and Bassas da India xeric scrub 31309 Kalahari xeric savanna 31310 Kaokoveld desert 31311 Madagascar spiny thickets 31312 Madagascar succulent woodlands 31313 Masai xeric grasslands and shrublands 31314 Nama Karoo 31315 Namib desert 31316 Namibian savanna woodlands 31318 Socotra Island xeric shrublands 31319 Somali montane xeric woodlands 31320 Southwestern Arabian foothills savanna 31321 Southwestern Arabian montane woodlands 31322 Succulent Karoo 31401 Central African mangroves 31402 East African mangroves 31403 Guinean mangroves 31404 Madagascar mangroves 31405 Southern Africa mangroves 40101 Andaman Islands rain forests 40102 Borneo lowland rain forests 40103 Borneo montane rain forests 40104 Borneo peat swamp forests 40105 Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests 40106 Cardamom Mountains rain forests 40107 Chao Phraya freshwater swamp forests 40108 Chao Phraya lowland moist deciduous forests 40109 Chin Hills-Arakan Yoma montane forests 40110 Christmas and Cocos Islands tropical forests 40111 Eastern highlands moist deciduous forests 40112 Eastern Java-Bali montane rain forests 40113 Eastern Java-Bali rain forests 40114 Greater Negros-Panay rain forests 40115 Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests 40116 Irrawaddy freshwater swamp forests 40117 Irrawaddy moist deciduous forests 40118 Jian Nan subtropical evergreen forests 40119 Kayah-Karen montane rain forests 40120 Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests 40121 Luang Prabang montane rain forests 40122 Luzon montane rain forests 40123 Luzon rain forests 40124 Malabar Coast moist forests 40125 Maldives-Lakshadweep-Chagos Archipelago tropical moist forests 40126 Meghalaya subtropical forests 40127 Mentawai Islands rain forests 40128 Mindanao montane rain forests 40129 Mindanao-Eastern Visayas rain forests 40130 Mindoro rain forests 40131 Mizoram-Manipur-Kachin rain forests 40132 Myanmar coastal rain forests 40133 Nicobar Islands rain forests 40134 North Western Ghats moist deciduous forests 40135 North Western Ghats montane rain forests 40136 Northern Annamites rain forests 40137 Northern Indochina subtropical forests 40138 Northern Khorat Plateau moist deciduous forests 40139 Northern Thailand-Laos moist deciduous forests 40140 Northern Triangle subtropical forests 40141 Northern Vietnam lowland rain forests 40142 Orissa semi-evergreen forests 40143 Palawan rain forests 40144 Peninsular Malaysian montane rain forests 40145 Peninsular Malaysian peat swamp forests 40146 Peninsular Malaysian rain forests 40147 Red River freshwater swamp forests 40148 South China Sea Islands 40149 South China-Vietnam subtropical evergreen forests 40150 South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests 40151 South Western Ghats montane rain forests 40152 Southern Annamites montane rain forests 40153 Southwest Borneo freshwater swamp forests 40154 Sri Lanka lowland rain forests 40155 Sri Lanka montane rain forests 40156 Sulu Archipelago rain forests 40157 Sumatran freshwater swamp forests 40158 Sumatran lowland rain forests 40159 Sumatran montane rain forests 40160 Sumatran peat swamp forests 40161 Sundaland heath forests 40162 Sundarbans freshwater swamp forests 40163 Tenasserim-South Thailand semi-evergreen rain forests 40164 Tonle Sap freshwater swamp forests 40165 Tonle Sap-Mekong peat swamp forests 40166 Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests 40167 Western Java montane rain forests 40168 Western Java rain forests 40169 Hainan Island monsoon rain forests 40170 Nansei Islands subtropical evergreen forests 40171 South Taiwan monsoon rain forests 40172 Taiwan subtropical evergreen forests 40201 Central Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests 40202 Central Indochina dry forests 40203 Chhota-Nagpur dry deciduous forests 40204 East Deccan dry-evergreen forests 40205 Irrawaddy dry forests 40206 Khathiar-Gir dry deciduous forests 40207 Narmada Valley dry deciduous forests 40208 Northern dry deciduous forests 40209 South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests 40210 Southeastern Indochina dry evergreen forests 40211 Southern Vietnam lowland dry forests 40212 Sri Lanka dry-zone dry evergreen forests 40301 Himalayan subtropical pine forests 40302 Luzon tropical pine forests 40303 Northeast India-Myanmar pine forests 40304 Sumatran tropical pine forests 40401 Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests 40402 Northern Triangle temperate forests 40403 Western Himalayan broadleaf forests 40501 Eastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests 40502 Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests 40701 Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands 40901 Rann of Kutch seasonal salt marsh 41001 Kinabalu montane alpine meadows 41301 Deccan thorn scrub forests 41302 Indus Valley desert 41303 Northwestern thorn scrub forests 41304 Thar desert 41401 Goadavari-Krishna mangroves 41402 Indochina mangroves 41403 Indus River Delta-Arabian Sea mangroves 41404 Myanmar Coast mangroves 41405 Sunda Shelf mangroves 41406 Sundarbans mangroves 50201 Sonoran-Sinaloan transition subtropical dry forest 50301 Bermuda subtropical conifer forests 50302 Sierra Madre Occidental pine-oak forests 50303 Sierra Madre Oriental pine-oak forests 50401 Allegheny Highlands forests 50402 Appalachian mixed mesophytic forests 50403 Appalachian-Blue Ridge forests 50404 Central U.S. hardwood forests 50405 East Central Texas forests 50406 Eastern forest-boreal transition 50407 Eastern Great Lakes lowland forests 50408 Gulf of St. Lawrence lowland forests 50409 Mississippi lowland forests 50410 New England-Acadian forests 50411 Northeastern coastal forests 50412 Ozark Mountain forests 50413 Southeastern mixed forests 50414 Southern Great Lakes forests 50415 Upper Midwest forest-savanna transition 50416 Western Great Lakes forests 50417 Willamette Valley forests 50501 Alberta Mountain forests 50502 Alberta-British Columbia foothills forests 50503 Arizona Mountains forests 50504 Atlantic coastal pine barrens 50505 Blue Mountains forests 50506 British Columbia mainland coastal forests 50507 Cascade Mountains leeward forests 50508 Central and Southern Cascades forests 50509 Central British Columbia Mountain forests 50510 Central Pacific coastal forests 50511 Colorado Rockies forests 50512 Eastern Cascades forests 50513 Florida sand pine scrub 50514 Fraser Plateau and Basin complex 50515 Great Basin montane forests 50516 Klamath-Siskiyou forests 50517 Middle Atlantic coastal forests 50518 North Central Rockies forests 50519 Northern California coastal forests 50520 Northern Pacific coastal forests 50521 Northern transitional alpine forests 50522 Okanagan dry forests 50523 Piney Woods forests 50524 Puget lowland forests 50525 Queen Charlotte Islands 50526 Sierra Juarez and San Pedro Martir pine-oak forests 50527 Sierra Nevada forests 50528 South Central Rockies forests 50529 Southeastern conifer forests 50530 Wasatch and Uinta montane forests 50601 Alaska Peninsula montane taiga 50602 Central Canadian Shield forests 50603 Cook Inlet taiga 50604 Copper Plateau taiga 50605 Eastern Canadian forests 50606 Eastern Canadian Shield taiga 50607 Interior Alaska-Yukon lowland taiga 50608 Mid-Continental Canadian forests 50609 Midwestern Canadian Shield forests 50610 Muskwa-Slave Lake forests 50611 Newfoundland Highland forests 50612 Northern Canadian Shield taiga 50613 Northern Cordillera forests 50614 Northwest Territories taiga 50615 South Avalon-Burin oceanic barrens 50616 Southern Hudson Bay taiga 50617 Yukon Interior dry forests 50701 Western Gulf coastal grasslands 50801 California Central Valley grasslands 50802 Canadian Aspen forests and parklands 50803 Central and Southern mixed grasslands 50804 Central forest-grasslands transition 50805 Central tall grasslands 50806 Edwards Plateau savanna 50807 Flint Hills tall grasslands 50808 Montana Valley and Foothill grasslands 50809 Nebraska Sand Hills mixed grasslands 50810 Northern mixed grasslands 50811 Northern short grasslands 50812 Northern tall grasslands 50813 Palouse grasslands 50814 Texas blackland prairies 50815 Western short grasslands 51101 Alaska-St. Elias Range tundra 51102 Aleutian Islands tundra 51103 Arctic coastal tundra 51104 Arctic foothills tundra 51105 Baffin coastal tundra 51106 Beringia lowland tundra 51107 Beringia upland tundra 51108 Brooks-British Range tundra 51109 Davis Highlands tundra 51110 High Arctic tundra 51111 Interior Yukon-Alaska alpine tundra 51112 Kalaallit Nunaat high arctic tundra 51113 Kalaallit Nunaat low arctic tundra 51114 Low Arctic tundra 51115 Middle Arctic tundra 51116 Ogilvie-MacKenzie alpine tundra 51117 Pacific Coastal Mountain icefields and tundra 51118 Torngat Mountain tundra 51201 California coastal sage and chaparral 51202 California interior chaparral and woodlands 51203 California montane chaparral and woodlands 51301 Baja California desert 51302 Central Mexican matorral 51303 Chihuahuan desert 51304 Colorado Plateau shrublands 51305 Great Basin shrub steppe 51306 Gulf of California xeric scrub 51307 Meseta Central matorral 51308 Mojave desert 51309 Snake-Columbia shrub steppe 51310 Sonoran desert 51311 Tamaulipan matorral 51312 Tamaulipan mezquital 51313 Wyoming Basin shrub steppe 60101 Araucaria moist forests 60102 Atlantic Coast restingas 60103 Bahia coastal forests 60104 Bahia interior forests 60105 Bolivian Yungas 60106 Caatinga Enclaves moist forests 60107 Caqueta moist forests 60108 Catatumbo moist forests 60109 Cauca Valley montane forests 60110 Cayos Miskitos-San Andrés and Providencia moist forests 60111 Central American Atlantic moist forests 60112 Central American montane forests 60113 Chiapas montane forests 60114 Chimalapas montane forests 60115 Chocó-Darién moist forests 60116 Cocos Island moist forests 60117 Cordillera La Costa montane forests 60118 Cordillera Oriental montane forests 60119 Costa Rican seasonal moist forests 60120 Cuban moist forests 60121 Eastern Cordillera real montane forests 60122 Eastern Panamanian montane forests 60123 Fernando de Noronha-Atol das Rocas moist forests 60124 Guianan Highlands moist forests 60125 Guianan moist forests 60126 Gurupa varzeá 60127 Hispaniolan moist forests 60128 Iquitos varzeá 60129 Isthmian-Atlantic moist forests 60130 Isthmian-Pacific moist forests 60131 Jamaican moist forests 60132 Japurá-Solimoes-Negro moist forests 60133 Juruá-Purus moist forests 60134 Leeward Islands moist forests 60135 Madeira-Tapajós moist forests 60136 Magdalena Valley montane forests 60137 Magdalena-Urabá moist forests 60138 Marajó varzeá 60139 Maranhão Babaçu forests 60140 Mato Grosso seasonal forests 60141 Monte Alegre varzeá 60142 Napo moist forests 60143 Negro-Branco moist forests 60144 Northeastern Brazil restingas 60145 Northwestern Andean montane forests 60146 Oaxacan montane forests 60147 Orinoco Delta swamp forests 60148 Pantanos de Centla 60149 Guianan freshwater swamp forests 60150 Alto Paraná Atlantic forests 60151 Pernambuco coastal forests 60152 Pernambuco interior forests 60153 Peruvian Yungas 60154 Petén-Veracruz moist forests 60155 Puerto Rican moist forests 60156 Purus varzeá 60157 Purus-Madeira moist forests 60158 Rio Negro campinarana 60159 Santa Marta montane forests 60160 Serra do Mar coastal forests 60161 Sierra de los Tuxtlas 60162 Sierra Madre de Chiapas moist forests 60163 Solimões-Japurá moist forests 60164 South Florida rocklands 60165 Southern Andean Yungas 60166 Southwest Amazon moist forests 60167 Talamancan montane forests 60168 Tapajós-Xingu moist forests 60169 Pantepui 60170 Tocantins/Pindare moist forests 60171 Trinidad and Tobago moist forests 60172 Trindade-Martin Vaz Islands tropical forests 60173 Uatuma-Trombetas moist forests 60174 Ucayali moist forests 60175 Venezuelan Andes montane forests 60176 Veracruz moist forests 60177 Veracruz montane forests 60178 Western Ecuador moist forests 60179 Windward Islands moist forests 60180 Xingu-Tocantins-Araguaia moist forests 60181 Yucatán moist forests 60182 Guianan piedmont and lowland moist forests 60201 Apure-Villavicencio dry forests 60202 Atlantic dry forests 60204 Bajío dry forests 60205 Balsas dry forests 60206 Bolivian montane dry forests 60207 Cauca Valley dry forests 60209 Central American dry forests 60210 Dry Chaco 60211 Chiapas Depression dry forests 60212 Chiquitano dry forests 60213 Cuban dry forests 60214 Ecuadorian dry forests 60215 Hispaniolan dry forests 60216 Islas Revillagigedo dry forests 60217 Jalisco dry forests 60218 Jamaican dry forests 60219 Lara-Falcón dry forests 60220 Lesser Antillean dry forests 60221 Magdalena Valley dry forests 60222 Maracaibo dry forests 60223 Marañón dry forests 60224 Panamanian dry forests 60225 Patía Valley dry forests 60226 Puerto Rican dry forests 60227 Sierra de la Laguna dry forests 60228 Sinaloan dry forests 60229 Sinú Valley dry forests 60230 Southern Pacific dry forests 60232 Tumbes-Piura dry forests 60233 Veracruz dry forests 60235 Yucatán dry forests 60301 Bahamian pine mosaic 60302 Belizian pine forests 60303 Central American pine-oak forests 60304 Cuban pine forests 60305 Hispaniolan pine forests 60306 Miskito pine forests 60307 Sierra de la Laguna pine-oak forests 60308 Sierra Madre de Oaxaca pine-oak forests 60309 Sierra Madre del Sur pine-oak forests 60310 Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt pine-oak forests 60401 Juan Fernández Islands temperate forests 60402 Magellanic subpolar forests 60403 San Félix-San Ambrosio Islands temperate forests 60404 Valdivian temperate forests 60702 Beni savanna 60703 Campos Rupestres montane savanna 60704 Cerrado 60705 Clipperton Island shrub and grasslands 60707 Guianan savanna 60708 Humid Chaco 60709 Llanos 60710 Uruguayan savanna 60801 Espinal 60802 Low Monte 60803 Humid Pampas 60805 Patagonian steppe 60902 Cuban wetlands 60903 Enriquillo wetlands 60904 Everglades 60905 Guayaquil flooded grasslands 60906 Orinoco wetlands 60907 Pantanal 60908 Paraná flooded savanna 60909 Southern Cone Mesopotamian savanna 61001 Central Andean dry puna 61002 Central Andean puna 61003 Central Andean wet puna 61004 Cordillera Central páramo 61005 Cordillera de Merida páramo 61006 Northern Andean páramo 61007 Santa Marta páramo 61008 Southern Andean steppe 61010 High Monte 61201 Chilean matorral 61301 Araya and Paria xeric scrub 61303 Atacama desert 61304 Caatinga 61305 Caribbean shrublands 61306 Cuban cactus scrub 61307 Galápagos Islands scrubland mosaic 61308 Guajira-Barranquilla xeric scrub 61309 La Costa xeric shrublands 61311 Malpelo Island xeric scrub 61312 Motagua Valley thornscrub 61313 Paraguana xeric scrub 61314 San Lucan xeric scrub 61315 Sechura desert 61316 Tehuacán Valley matorral 61318 St. Peter and St. Paul rocks 61401 Amazon-Orinoco-Southern Caribbean mangroves 61402 Bahamian-Antillean mangroves 61403 Mesoamerican Gulf-Caribbean mangroves 61404 Northern Mesoamerican Pacific mangroves 61405 South American Pacific mangroves 61406 Southern Atlantic mangroves 61407 Southern Mesoamerican Pacific mangroves 70101 Carolines tropical moist forests 70102 Central Polynesian tropical moist forests 70103 Cook Islands tropical moist forests 70104 Eastern Micronesia tropical moist forests 70105 Fiji tropical moist forests 70106 Hawaii tropical moist forests 70107 Kermadec Islands subtropical moist forests 70108 Marquesas tropical moist forests 70109 Ogasawara subtropical moist forests 70110 Palau tropical moist forests 70111 Rapa Nui subtropical broadleaf forests 70112 Samoan tropical moist forests 70113 Society Islands tropical moist forests 70114 Tongan tropical moist forests 70115 Tuamotu tropical moist forests 70116 Tubuai tropical moist forests 70117 Western Polynesian tropical moist forests 70201 Fiji tropical dry forests 70202 Hawaii tropical dry forests 70203 Marianas tropical dry forests 70204 Yap tropical dry forests 70701 Hawaii tropical high shrublands 70702 Hawaii tropical low shrublands 70703 Northwestern Hawaii scrub 80101 Guizhou Plateau broadleaf and mixed forests 80102 Yunnan Plateau subtropical evergreen forests 80401 Appenine deciduous montane forests 80402 Atlantic mixed forests 80403 Azores temperate mixed forests 80404 Balkan mixed forests 80405 Baltic mixed forests 80406 Cantabrian mixed forests 80407 Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests 80408 Caucasus mixed forests 80409 Celtic broadleaf forests 80410 Central Anatolian steppe and woodlands 80411 Central China loess plateau mixed forests 80412 Central European mixed forests 80413 Central Korean deciduous forests 80414 Changbai Mountains mixed forests 80415 Changjiang Plain evergreen forests 80416 Crimean Submediterranean forest complex 80417 Daba Mountains evergreen forests 80418 Dinaric Mountains mixed forests 80419 East European forest steppe 80420 Eastern Anatolian deciduous forests 80421 English Lowlands beech forests 80422 Euxine-Colchic broadleaf forests 80423 Hokkaido deciduous forests 80424 Huang He Plain mixed forests 80425 Madeira evergreen forests 80426 Manchurian mixed forests 80427 Nihonkai evergreen forests 80428 Nihonkai montane deciduous forests 80429 North Atlantic moist mixed forests 80430 Northeast China Plain deciduous forests 80431 Pannonian mixed forests 80432 Po Basin mixed forests 80433 Pyrenees conifer and mixed forests 80434 Qin Ling Mountains deciduous forests 80435 Rodope montane mixed forests 80436 Sarmatic mixed forests 80437 Sichuan Basin evergreen broadleaf forests 80438 South Sakhalin-Kurile mixed forests 80439 Southern Korea evergreen forests 80440 Taiheiyo evergreen forests 80441 Taiheiyo montane deciduous forests 80442 Tarim Basin deciduous forests and steppe 80443 Ussuri broadleaf and mixed forests 80444 Western Siberian hemiboreal forests 80445 Western European broadleaf forests 80446 Zagros Mountains forest steppe 80501 Alps conifer and mixed forests 80502 Altai montane forest and forest steppe 80503 Caledon conifer forests 80504 Carpathian montane forests 80505 Da Hinggan-Dzhagdy Mountains conifer forests 80506 East Afghan montane conifer forests 80507 Elburz Range forest steppe 80508 Helanshan montane conifer forests 80509 Hengduan Mountains subalpine conifer forests 80510 Hokkaido montane conifer forests 80511 Honshu alpine conifer forests 80512 Khangai Mountains conifer forests 80513 Mediterranean conifer and mixed forests 80514 Northeastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests 80515 Northern Anatolian conifer and deciduous forests 80516 Nujiang Langcang Gorge alpine conifer and mixed forests 80517 Qilian Mountains conifer forests 80518 Qionglai-Minshan conifer forests 80519 Sayan montane conifer forests 80520 Scandinavian coastal conifer forests 80521 Tian Shan montane conifer forests 80601 East Siberian taiga 80602 Iceland boreal birch forests and alpine tundra 80603 Kamchatka-Kurile meadows and sparse forests 80604 Kamchatka-Kurile taiga 80605 Northeast Siberian taiga 80606 Okhotsk-Manchurian taiga 80607 Sakhalin Island taiga 80608 Scandinavian and Russian taiga 80609 Trans-Baikal conifer forests 80610 Ural montane forests and tundra 80611 West Siberian taiga 80801 Alai-Western Tian Shan steppe 80802 Altai steppe and semi-desert 80803 Central Anatolian steppe 80804 Daurian forest steppe 80805 Eastern Anatolian montane steppe 80806 Emin Valley steppe 80807 Faroe Islands boreal grasslands 80808 Gissaro-Alai open woodlands 80809 Kazakh forest steppe 80810 Kazakh steppe 80811 Kazakh upland 80812 Middle East steppe 80813 Mongolian-Manchurian grassland 80814 Pontic steppe 80815 Sayan Intermontane steppe 80816 Selenge-Orkhon forest steppe 80817 South Siberian forest steppe 80818 Tian Shan foothill arid steppe 80901 Amur meadow steppe 80902 Bohai Sea saline meadow 80903 Nenjiang River grassland 80904 Nile Delta flooded savanna 80905 Saharan halophytics 80906 Tigris-Euphrates alluvial salt marsh 80907 Suiphun-Khanka meadows and forest meadows 80908 Yellow Sea saline meadow 81001 Altai alpine meadow and tundra 81002 Central Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe 81003 Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows 81004 Ghorat-Hazarajat alpine meadow 81005 Hindu Kush alpine meadow 81006 Karakoram-West Tibetan Plateau alpine steppe 81007 Khangai Mountains alpine meadow 81008 Kopet Dag woodlands and forest steppe 81009 Kuh Rud and Eastern Iran montane woodlands 81010 Mediterranean High Atlas juniper steppe 81011 North Tibetan Plateau-Kunlun Mountains alpine desert 81012 Northwestern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows 81013 Ordos Plateau steppe 81014 Pamir alpine desert and tundra 81015 Qilian Mountains subalpine meadows 81016 Sayan Alpine meadows and tundra 81017 Southeast Tibet shrublands and meadows 81018 Sulaiman Range alpine meadows 81019 Tian Shan montane steppe and meadows 81020 Tibetan Plateau alpine shrublands and meadows 81021 Western Himalayan alpine shrub and Meadows 81022 Yarlung Tsangpo arid steppe 81101 Arctic desert 81102 Bering tundra 81103 Cherskii-Kolyma mountain tundra 81104 Chukchi Peninsula tundra 81105 Kamchatka Mountain tundra and forest tundra 81106 Kola Peninsula tundra 81107 Northeast Siberian coastal tundra 81108 Northwest Russian-Novaya Zemlya tundra 81109 Novosibirsk Islands arctic desert 81110 Scandinavian Montane Birch forest and grasslands 81111 Taimyr-Central Siberian tundra 81112 Trans-Baikal Bald Mountain tundra 81113 Wrangel Island arctic desert 81114 Yamal-Gydan tundra 81201 Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests 81202 Anatolian conifer and deciduous mixed forests 81203 Canary Islands dry woodlands and forests 81204 Corsican montane broadleaf and mixed forests 81205 Crete Mediterranean forests 81206 Cyprus Mediterranean forests 81207 Eastern Mediterranean conifer-sclerophyllous-broadleaf forests 81208 Iberian conifer forests 81209 Iberian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests 81210 Illyrian deciduous forests 81211 Italian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests 81212 Mediterranean acacia-argania dry woodlands and succulent thickets 81213 Mediterranean dry woodlands and steppe 81214 Mediterranean woodlands and forests 81215 Northeastern Spain and Southern France Mediterranean forests 81216 Northwest Iberian montane forests 81217 Pindus Mountains mixed forests 81218 South Appenine mixed montane forests 81219 Southeastern Iberian shrubs and woodlands 81220 Southern Anatolian montane conifer and deciduous forests 81221 Southwest Iberian Mediterranean sclerophyllous and mixed forests 81222 Tyrrhenian-Adriatic Sclerophyllous and mixed forests 81301 Afghan Mountains semi-desert 81302 Alashan Plateau semi-desert 81303 Arabian Desert and East Sahero-Arabian xeric shrublands 81304 Atlantic coastal desert 81305 Azerbaijan shrub desert and steppe 81306 Badghyz and Karabil semi-desert 81307 Baluchistan xeric woodlands 81308 Caspian lowland desert 81309 Central Afghan Mountains xeric woodlands 81310 Central Asian northern desert 81311 Central Asian riparian woodlands 81312 Central Asian southern desert 81313 Central Persian desert basins 81314 Eastern Gobi desert steppe 81315 Gobi Lakes Valley desert steppe 81316 Great Lakes Basin desert steppe 81317 Junggar Basin semi-desert 81318 Kazakh semi-desert 81319 Kopet Dag semi-desert 81320 Mesopotamian shrub desert 81321 North Saharan steppe and woodlands 81322 Paropamisus xeric woodlands 81323 Persian Gulf desert and semi-desert 81324 Qaidam Basin semi-desert 81325 Red Sea Nubo-Sindian tropical desert and semi-desert 81326 Registan-North Pakistan sandy desert 81327 Sahara desert 81328 South Iran Nubo-Sindian desert and semi-desert 81329 South Saharan steppe and woodlands 81330 Taklimakan desert 81331 Tibesti-Jebel Uweinat montane xeric woodlands 81332 West Saharan montane xeric woodlands 81333 Red Sea coastal desert ECOREGION reports the predominant terrestrial ecoregion within a 5-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. ECOREGION reports the biogeographic region (e.g., Afrotropic), the habitat type (e.g., tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands), and the ecoregion (e.g., East Sudanian savanna) that are associated with each cluster location. ECOREGION is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. There are 825 terrestrial ecoregions in the world. Ecoregions are relatively large units of land containing distinct assemblages of natural communities and species, with boundaries that approximate the original extent of natural communities prior to major land-use change. The 5-digit codes in ECOREGION (e.g., 30129) include a 1-digit realm code (with 8 possible values), followed by a 2-digit biome code (with 14 possible values), and then a 2-digit ecoregion number. For the full list of codes and their meaning, see the ecoregion legend [URL omitted from DDI.]. ECOREGION, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Livelihood zone of household Livelihood zone of household Livelihood zone of household Livelihood zone of household Livelihood zone of household -00998 Missing 004001 Eastern Pastoral and Forest Zone 004002 Eastern Agro-Pastoral and Forest Zone 004003 Eastern Agro-Pastoral and Rangeland Zone 004004 Eastern Semi-Arid Agricultural Zone 004005 Eastern Agricultural and Labor-Based Zone 004006 Eastern Intensively Irrigated Zone 004007 Eastern Cross-Border Trade and Labor-Based Zone 004008 Eastern Irrigated and Rainfed Agricultural Zone 004009 East-Central Irrigated Zone 004010 Southern Intensively Irrigated Cash Crop Zone 004011 Southern Semi-Arid Agro-Pastoral Zone 004012 South-Central Agro-Pastoral and Labor-Based Zone 004013 Southern Desert Zone 004014 South-Central Agro-Pastoral Zone 004015 North-Western Agro-Pastoral and Pistachio Zone 004016 Western Intensively Irrigated Zone 004017 Western Semi-Arid Agro-Pastoral Zone 004018 West-Central Highland Agro-Pastoral Zone 004019 Western and Southern Cross-Border Trade and Labor Zone 004020 North-Eastern Highland Agro-Pastoral Zone 004021 Salangi Plains Mixed Farming Zone 004022 Northern Lowland Cereals and Livestock Zone 004023 Northern High Cereals Production Zone 004024 North-Central Agro-Pastoral Zone 004025 Northern Irrigated and Rainfed Mixed Farming Zone 004026 Northern Intensively Irrigated Agricultural Zone 004027 Amo River Irrigation and Cross-Border Trade Zone 004028 East-Central Agro-Forestry Zone 004029 Central Cash-Crop and Livestock Zone 024001 Coastal fishing, horticulture, and non-farm income 024002 Transitional banana and pineapple farming 024003 Southern livestock, millet, and sorghum 024004 Sub humid livestock and maize 024005 Mid-eastern cassava and savannah forest 024006 Central highlands potato and vegetables 024007 Central highlands maize and beans 024008 Transitional lowland maize, cassava, and beans 024009 Tropical forest, cassava, banana, and coffee 024010 Savannah forest and market-oriented cassava 024011 Savannah forest and subsistence cassava 024012 Fishing, cassava, and cross-border trade 024013 Coastal livestock ranching 108001 Buragane 108002 Congo Ridge Millet 108003 Eastern Lowlands 108004 Northern Lowlands 108005 Northern Highlands 108006 Southern Highlands 108007 Imbo Plain 108008 Humid Plateaus 108009 Eastern Arid Plateaus 140001 Southeast cassava, peanuts, and maize 140002 Northeast hunting and food crops 140003 Northern sorghum and millet 140004 East central mining, cassava, and peanuts 140005 Southern coffee, cassava, and maize 140006 Central cassava, peanuts, and maize 140007 Central cotton, cassava, and maize 140008 Northern cotton, cassava, and sorghum 140009 Western cassava, maize, and peanuts 140010 Southern maize, citrus fruits, and vegetables 140011 Southwest cassava, coffee, gathering, and mining 148001 Southern Staple and Cash Crops 148002 Southwest Rice 148003 South-central Cereals 148004 Southeast Flood Retreat and Gum Arabic 148005 Central Agropastoral 148006 Eastern Rainfed Cereals and Market Gardening 148007 Transhumance 148008 Western Agropastoral and Fishing 148009 Northern Oasis Cultivation with Camels and Natron 180001 Copperbelt and Marginal Agriculture 180002 Savannah Manioc 180003 Savannah Surplus Maize 180004 Kamalondo Depression 180005 Southern Tanganyika-Mwero Fishing 180006 Maniema Savannah Agriculture 180007 High Food Production and Surplus Trade 180008 Northern Tanganyika Midland Agriculture 180009 Agropastoral Mountains 180010 Midland Agricultural Savannah 180011 Rutshuru Volcanic Soils and Agriculture 180012 Forest Cultivation and Products 180013 Artisanal Mining with Agriculture 180014 Northeast Highlands Agriculture 180015 Orientale Fishing with Agriculture 180016 Northern Plateau Cassava, Maize, Groundnuts and Beans 180017 Bumba Rice and Tubers 180018 Bomongo and Makanza Districts Intensive Fishing 180019 Fishing and Staples Riverine 180020 Cuvette Centrale Staple Crops, Fishing and Charcoal 180021 Equatorial Forest, Hunting, Fishing and Staple Crops 180022 Lighter Forest with Rice and Cassava 180023 Savannah with Cassava and Cowpeas and Small Livestock 180024 High Food Crop Production and Trading 180025 Intensive Artisanal Diamond Exploitation with Crop Cultivation 180026 Clay Soils with High Production of Cassava and Maize, and Cattle 180027 Agropastoral – Staple Crops, Small Stock and Cattle and Wild Foods 180028 Agriculture with High Production and Marketing 180029 Cassava, Maize and Groundnuts 180030 Market Gardening and Staple Crops 180031 River Fishing and Staple Crops 180032 Coastal Ocean Fishing and Kitchen Gardening 180033 Forest – Staple Crops, Cash Crops and Market Gardening 180034 Kinshasa Peri-urban 222001 Basic Grain and Labor Zone 222002 Coffee, Agro-Industrial and Labor Zone 222003 Sugarcane, Agro-Industry and Labor Zone 222004 Eastern Basic Grain, Labor, Livestock and Remittance Zone 222005 Central Free-Trade, Services and Industrial Labor Zone 222006 Fishing, Aquaculture and Tourism Zone 231001 Addis Ababa City 231002 Asale Agropastoral 231003 Awsa-Gewane Agropastoral 231004 Aramiss - Adaar Pastoral 231005 Asale Pastoral 231006 Chenno Agropastoral 231007 Eli daar Pastoral 231008 Namalefan & Baadu Pastoral 231009 Teru Pastoral 231010 Abay Beshilo River Basin 231011 Abay Tekeze Watershed 231012 Central Highland Barley & Potato 231013 Cheffa valley 231014 Guna Highland 231015 Merhabete Lowland Sorghum and teff 231016 Minjar teff and livestock 231017 Minjar teff and sorghum 231018 North Wollo Highland Belg 231019 North East Woyna Dega Mixed Cereal 231020 North Shewa highland sheep and barley 231021 North Shewa Highland Wheat and Teff productive 231022 N Highland wheat, Barley & Sheep 231023 NorthWest Cash Crop 231024 North Wollo East Plain 231025 NorthWest Sorghum Belt 231026 South Wollo Meher 231027 South Wollo Belg 231028 South West Maize, Finger Millet and Teff productive 231029 South Wollo & Oromia Eastern lowland sorghum & cattle 231030 South East Woyna Dega Teff 231031 South West Woyna Dega wheat 231032 Tekeze Lowland Sorghum and Goats 231033 Tana Zuria 231034 South Wollo Meher and Belg 231035 Central Kolla Sorghum, Maize & Millet 231036 Midland Teff & Coffee 231037 Western Dry Kolla Sorghum, Maize & Mining 231038 Meketel Highland Cereal & Pulses 231039 Gambella Agropastoral 231040 Gambella Coffee, Honey & Cereal LZ 231041 Gambella Mixed Agriculture 231042 No Data 231043 Arsi Bale Wheat, Barley & Potato 231044 Anfilo Coffee Monoculture & Honey 231045 Abe Dongoro-Diga-Sasiga Coffee & Sorghum 231046 Adaba Dodola Community Forest 231047 Agarfa, Gasera, Ginir & Gololcha Fruit, Coffee & Chat 231048 Ambo Selale Ginderberet Teff & Wheat 231049 Abijata Shala Jido Agro-Pastoral 231050 Abay Gorge Sesame, Maize & Honey 231051 Ameya-Wolisso-Ambo Teff & Cattle 231052 Becho-Adea Teff & Chickpea 231053 Borena-Guji Maize, Wheat & Livestock 231054 Borena-Guji Coffee & Enset 231055 Borena-Guji Cattle Pastoralist 231056 Bale Agro-Pastoral 231057 Bale Pastoralist 231058 Chercher & Gololcha Chole Coffee, Maize & Chat 231059 Central Horo Teff, Nug & Cattle 231060 Chebo-Inchini Enset, Barley & Cattle 231061 Chat & Vegetables 231062 Dallo, Barbare & Arana-Buluk Coffee 231063 Dale-Lalo Sorghum & Maize 231064 Didessa-Gibe-Wama Valley Sorghum, Maize & Oilcrops 231065 Ebantu-Limu Teff & Cattle 231066 Guduru-Amuru Maize, Teff & Cattle 231067 Guji-Borena Enset, Barley & Cattle 231068 Gerbo Enset & Chat 231069 Gursum-Babile Groundnuts & Sorghum 231070 Gera-Setema-Sale Forest Teff, Honey & Cattle 231071 Gibe Maize & Peppers 231072 Goro-Ginir Spice & Wheat 231073 Anger Maize, Sorghum & Finger Millet 231074 Illu-Wellega-Birbir Maize, Peppers & Sesame 231075 Jimma-Illubabur Coffee, Cereals & Chat 231076 Jaldu-Dendi-Ilfata Barley & Potato 231077 Jimma-Yama Logi Teff & Maize 231078 Kofele Kokosa Enset & Cattle Belt 231079 Muger-Abay-Jema Sorghum & Teff Belt 231080 Melka Awash-Ochocha Mid-Highland Wheat & Teff 231081 Moyale Agro-Pastoral, Labour & Cross-Border Trade 231082 Moyale Cattle, Shoats & Camel Pastoralist 231083 Market-Isolated Cattle & Shoat Pastoralist 231084 Kereyu Pastoral 231085 Mendi-Dabisu Maize, Sesame & Cattle 231086 North-East Agro-Pastoral 231087 Nadda-Gilgel Gibe Maize, Teff and Sorghum 231088 Nole-Meko-Diga Teff & Cattle 231089 Nejo-Dilla Teff, Finger Millet & Nug 231090 Southern Agro-Pastoral 231091 Keto-Begi Cereals & Cattle 231092 Robe Chole Sude & Seru Teff Maize Haricot Bean Belt 231093 Rift Valley Maize & Horse Bean 231094 Selale-Ambo Highland Barley, Wheat and Horsebean belt 231095 Soddo Highland Wheat, Barley & Enset 231096 Siraro Kofele Potato & Vegetables 231097 Sorghum, Maize & Chat 231098 Shirka Ticho Spice & Teff 231099 Wheat, Barley & Potato 231100 Wellega-Dedo Highland Wheat & Barley 231101 Wuchale-Abichu-Kembebit Livestock, 'Wild Oats' & Barley/Wheat 231102 Wellega Coffee, Maize & Sorghum 231103 Amaro Coffee and Enset LZ 231104 Awassa Chat and Enset LZ 231105 Alaba-Mareko Lowland Pepper LZ 231106 Badewacho-Alaba Maize LZ 231107 Bilate Basin Agro-Pastoral LZ 231108 Bench-Keffa Cereal and Enset LZ 231109 Basketo-Melo Coffee and Root Crop LZ 231110 Dawro-Konta Maize and Root Crop LZ 231111 Western Coffee and Spices LZ - Eastern sub-zone 231112 Gedeo Coffee LZ 231113 Gurage-Siltie Highland Enset and Barley LZ 231114 Gurage-Siltie Midland Enset and Chat LZ 231115 Gurage-Siltie Enset and Teff LZ 231116 Gamo Gofa Enset and Barley LZ 231117 Gurage Lowland Maize and Teff LZ 231118 Gamo Gofa Maize and Root Crop LZ 231119 Hadero Ginger LZ 231120 Hadiya Maize LZ 231121 Hadiya-Kembata Cereal and Enset LZ - Hadiya sub zone 231122 Chamo-Abaya Irrigated Banana LZ 231123 Kedida-Badewacho Coffee LZ 231124 Hadiya-Kembata Cereal and Enset LZ - Kembata sub-zone 231125 Kaffa Cereal and Enset LZ 231126 Southern Special Woredas Lowland Cereal LZ 231127 Omo River Flood Recession LZ 231128 Omo Valley Maize and Sorghum LZ 231129 231130 Southern Cereal, Enset and Root Crop LZ 231131 Sidama Coffee LZ 231132 Surma Agro-Pastoral LZ 231133 Sidama-Gedeo Highland Enset and Barley LZ 231134 Sidama Maize Belt LZ 231135 Southern Agro-Pastoral Livelihood Zone 231136 South Omo Crop LZ 231137 South Omo Pastoral LZ 231138 Salamago Pastoral LZ 231139 Sheka Cereal and Enset LZ 231140 Wolayita Ginger and Coffee LZ 231141 Western Coffee and Spices LZ - Western sub-zone 231142 Western Forest Products LZ 231143 Wolayita Maize and Root Crop LZ 231144 Wolayita Barley and Wheat LZ 231145 Yem Cereal and Enset LZ 231146 Afder Pastoral 231147 Degahbur Agropastoral 231148 Dawa-Ganale Riverine 231149 Filtu-Dolo Pastoral 231150 Fik Pastoral 231151 Gode Agropastoral 231152 Harshin-Degahbur East Pastoral 231153 Jijiga Agropastoral 231154 Jijiga Sedentary Farming 231155 Korahe Agropastoral 231156 Korahe-Gode Pastoral 231157 Liban Agropastoral 231158 Lowland-Hawd Pastoral 231159 Moyale-Wayamo Pastoral 231160 No Data 231161 Shinile Agropastoral 231162 Shinile Pastoral 231163 Shabelle Riverine 231164 Adiyabo Lowland 231165 Alaje Ofla Highland 231166 Atsbi Womberta Highland 231167 Central Mixed Crop 231168 Enderta Dry Midland 231169 Eastern Planteau 231170 Gesho and Wheat Highland 231171 Humera Sesame and Sorghum 231172 Irob Mountains 231173 Mereb Basin 231174 Middle Tekeze 231175 Raya Valley 231176 Tsirare Catchment 231177 West Central Teff 231178 Werie Catchment 231179 Western Cereal and Sesame 262001 Northwest Pastoral 262002 Central Pastoral 262003 Southeast Pastoral 262004 Market Gardening 262005 Djibouti City 324001 Coastal: Rice, Fishing, Palm oil 324002 Piedmont: Rice, Groundnut, Horticulture 324003 Central plateau: Horticulture, Fonio, Livestock 324004 Mountain: Livestock, Fonio, Groundnut 324005 Mountain : Rice, Livestock, Fonio 324006 Northern plateau: Rice, Groundnut, Livestock 324007 Savannah with shrubs: Rice, Gold mining, Livestock 324008 Northeast: Maize, Gold mining, Livestock 324009 Wooded savannah: Rice, Manioc, Groundnut 324010 Pre-forest zone: Rice, Manioc, Livestock 324011 Forest: Rice, Palm oil, Coffee 332001 Dry Coastal Maize and Charcoal 332002 North Tubers and Horticulture 332003 Central Plateau Maize and Tubers 332004 Rice Plains of the Artibonite 332005 Western Banana Plains of Arcahaie 332006 West Gardening and Beans 332007 South Beans, Bananas, and Petty Trade 332008 Southwestern Coast Maize, Manioc, and Bush Products 332009 Urban 340000 Casco urbano 340001 Zona de medios de vida litoral Garífuna y de turismo en islas de la Bahía 340002 Zona litoral atlántica productora de aceite de palma 340003 Zona de venta de obra en maquilas, banano y caña de azúcar 340004 Zona Mosquitia de caza y pesca 340005 Zona montañosa de café 340006 Zona de medios de vida pesquera y salinera del Golfo de Fonseca 340007 Zona de granos básicos de subsistencia y remesas 340008 Zona de venta de mano de obra en melón, sandía y camarón 340009 Zona de medios de vida, granos básicos y ganadería 340010 Reserva del Río Platano 404001 Northwestern Pastoral Zone 404002 Turkwell Riverine Zone 404003 Northwestern Agropastoral Zone 404004 Lake Turkana Fishing 404005 Northern Pastoral Zone 404006 Marsabit Marginal Mixed Farming Zone 404007 Northeastern Agropastoral Zone 404008 Mandera Riverine Zone 404009 Northeastern Pastoral Zone 404010 Eastern Pastoral Zone 404011 Southeastern Pastoral Zone 404012 Coastal Medium Potential Farming Zone 404013 Coastal Marginal Agricultural Mixed Farming Zone 404014 Tana Riverine Zone 404015 Southern Pastoral Zone 404016 Southeastern Marginal Mixed Farming Zone 404017 Southeastern Medium Potential, Mixed Farming Zone 404018 Southern Agropastoral Zone 404019 Central Highlands, High Potential Zone 404020 Western Medium Potential Zone 404021 Western High Potential Zone 404022 Western Lakeshore Marginal Mixed Farming Zone 404023 Lake Victoria Fishing Zone 404024 Western Agropastoral Zone 426001 Northern Lowlands 426002 Southern Lowlands 426003 Foothills 426004 Mountains 426005 Senqu River Valley 430001 North-East Rice Farming Palm Oil 430002 North/Central Rice with Cassava and Market Gardening 430003 South-East Rice with Cassava 430004 Coastal Plain Cassava with Rice and Inland Fishing 430005 Coastal Fishing and Cassava 430006 Rice Intercropped and Forest Hunting 430007 Border Cacao and Coffee Farming 430008 Rubber and Charcoal with Food Crops 430009 Peri-Urban: Petty Trade, Market Gardening and Casual Employment 430010 Mining/Concession and Farming Zone 430098 National Parks 430099 Urban Areas 450001 Extreme north: sugar cane, fishing, tourism 450002 North: vanilla, clove, coconut tree 450003 Sofia River basin: tobacco, onion, fishing 450004 Northern highland: rice, zebu 450005 Betsiboka Delta: rice, fishing 450006 Upper Betsiboka: gold mining, rice, cows 450007 Aloatra: rice, fishing, livestock rearing 450008 Toamasina: cloves, coffee, trade 450009 West: rice, fishing, gathering 450010 Agropastoral midwest: rice, maize, pulses 450011 Central Iarivo: rice, market gardening, eucalyptus 450012 Moramanga: forest, petty trade, market gardening 450013 Center-east: litchi, coffee, citrus 450014 Ankaratra: staple crops, horticulture, milk 450015 Tsirobihina Delta: rice, fishing, pulses 450016 South-central peneplain: rice, onion, small livestock 450017 Southern highlands: staple crops, crafts, market gardening 450018 Corridor: forest products, banana 450019 Southeast: coffee, litchi, cassava 450020 Southwest: rice, lima bean 450021 Bara plateau: cows, cassava 450022 Center-south: staple crops, industrial sisal, zebu 450023 Mahafaly plateau: cassava 450024 Extreme south: cassava, maize, livestock rearing 454001 Central Karonga 454002 Chitipa Millet & Maize 454003 Kasungu Lilongwe Plain 454004 Lake Chilwa - Phalombe Plain 454005 Lower Shire 454006 Middle Shire Valley 454007 Misuku Hills 454008 Mzimba Self Sufficient 454009 Nkhata Bay Cassava 454010 Northern Karonga 454011 Northern Lakeshore 454012 Phirilongwe Hills 454013 Rift Valley Escarpment 454014 Shire Highlands 454015 Southern Lakeshore 454016 Thyolo Mulunje Tea Estates 454017 Western Rumphi & Mzimba 454018 Border Productive Horticulture 454019 Urban 454020 National Park 466001 Nomadism and Trans-Saharan Trade 466002 Northern Livestock 466003 Niger Loop Rice and Fishing 466004 Central Livestock, Millet, and Remittances 466005 Dogon Plateau Millet and Shallots 466006 Niger Delta Rice, Cattle, and Fishing 466007 Office du NigerRice and Market Gardening 466008 Northwestern Sorghum, Remittances, and Livestock 466009 Central Sorghum and Millet 466010 Southeastern Sorghum, Millet, and Cotton 466011 Southern Maize, Cotton, and Fruits 466012 Southwestern Maize, Livestock, and Gold Mining 466013 Center-eastern Millet and Livestock 466014 Lakes Recessional Millet and Sorghum 466015 Western Groundnut, Sorghum, and Maize 466016 Southwestern Gold Mining and Maize 466017 Urban 478001 Nomadic pastoralist 478002 Mine and pastoral 478003 Mixed pastoral, oases and wadis 478004 Littoral coastal fishing 478005 Pastoral and trade 478006 Transhumant pastoralism 478007 Agropastoralism 478008 Senegal valley agriculture 478009 Rainfed agriculture 508001 Lakeshore Basic Staples and Fishing 508002 Northern Highland Forest and Tourism 508003 Northwestern Tobacco and Maize 508004 Northern Cassava, Maize, and Forest 508005 Northern Highland with Mixed Cropping 508006 Northeastern Highland Forest 508007 Northeastern Cassava, Cashew, and Coconut 508008 North-Central Coastal Fishing 508009 Plains with Cassava, Rice, and Fishing 508010 Zambezi Valley with Maize and Fishing 508011 Northwestern Cropping and Cross-border Trade 508012 Coastal Sugarcane and Fishing 508013 Tete Highland Mixed Cropping, Tobbaco, and Cotton 508014 Cahora Bassa Dam Sesame and Cotton 508015 Central Semiarid Cotton and Minerals 508016 Manica Highland Mixed Cropping, Cotton, and Tobacco 508017 Central Manica and Sofala Mixed Cropping 508018 Cheringoma and Muanza Maize and Cassava 508019 Central Semiarid Pineapple and Cashew 508020 Southern Coastal Cassava, Coconut, and Fishing 508021 Southern Intermediate Mixed Cropping 508022 Southern Semiarid Cereals and Cattle 508023 Southeastern Rice 508024 Limpopo and Elephant Rivers Mixed Cropping 508025 Southern Coastal Rishing, Manioc, and Maize 508026 Southern Highland Cattle and Mixed Cropping 558000 Urban Area 558001 Pacific Coast Export Fishing, Aquaculture, Tourism and Livestock Zone 558002 Pacific Agro-Industrial and Transitional Agriculture Zone 558003 Northwest Subsistence Agriculture, Livestock and Alternate Income Activities Zone 558004 Estelí Traditional and Industrial Tobacco Zone 558005 Managua Peri-urban Free-Trade, Agro-industry and Services Zone 558006 East-Central Vegetables, Informal Trade, Industry and Tourism Zone 558007 Southern Pacific, Agriculture and High Migration Zone 558008 Central Cattle and Agricultural Frontier Zone 558009 Agriculture and Livestock with High Migration to Costa Rica Zone 558010 Caribbean Humid Tropical Agriculture Zone 558011 Northern Atlantic Agricultural Frontier and Mining Zone 558012 Coffee with Commercial Agriculture and Livestock Zone 558013 Northern Market-bound Basic Grains, Livestock and Coffee Zone 558014 Communal Forestry Zone 558015 Coco River Traditional Agriculture Zone 558016 Caribbean Coast Traditional Fishing Zone 558025 National Forest Reserve 562000 Not Zoned (Desert) 562001 North-east Oases: Dates, Salt and Trade 562002 Aïr Massif Irrigated Gardening 562003 Transhumant and Nomad Pastoralism 562004 Agropastoral Belt 562005 Rainfed Millet and Sorghum Belt 562006 Cropping and Herding with High Work Outmigration 562007 Southern Irrigated Cash Crops 562008 Southwestern Cereals with Fan-Palm Products 562009 Niger River Irrigated Rice 562010 Dallols - Seasonal Water-Course Irrigated Crops 562011 Southeastern Natron Salt and Small Basin Irrigated Dates 562012 Komadougou Irrigated Peppers 562013 Lake Chad Flood-Retreat Cultivation with Fishing 562014 Transhumant and Nomad Pastoralism-Camels 566001 Coastal Fishing 566002 Southern Cocoa, Palm Oil, and Kola nut 566003 South-Central Yam, Cassava, and Banana 566004 Southeast Rice, Salt, and Granite 566005 Niger and Benue River Floodplain Rice and Fishing 566006 Central Plain Yam and Cassava 566007 Mambilla Plateau Cattle, Cocoa, and Tea 566008 Central Highland Maize and Soybean 566009 Northeastern Highland Maize, Cocoyam, Potatoes, and Livestock 566010 North-Central Maize, Sorghum, and Cotton 566011 Northern Floodplains Irrigated Rice, Wheat, and Vegetables 566012 Northeast Millet, Cowpea, and Sesame 566013 Sahel Mixed Cereals and Livestock 686000 Urban Area - Dakar 686001 The Niayes Gardening and Fishing 686002 Delta Rice, Horticulture, and Agricultural Labor 686003 Valley Rice and Remittances 686004 Dieri Millet and Remittances 686005 Rainfed Cowpea and Groundnut 686006 Sylvopatoral Livestock and Gathering 686007 Small Coast Fishing and Tourism 686008 Rainfed Groundnut and Millet 686009 Agropastoral Groundnut 686010 Rainfed Groundnut and Cereals 686011 Forest and Rainfed Rice 686012 Forest, Rainfed Rice, and Groundnut 686013 Rainfed Maize, Cotton, and Cattle 686014 Rainfed Maize and Lumber 686015 Rainfed Maize and Artisanal Gold Mining 686016 National Park 694000 Urban Area - Not Zoned 694001 Tonkolli Food Crops, Gold and Iron Ore 694002 Bombali Food Crops, Peppers, Tobacco and Livestock 694003 Western Rice, Root Crops, Cereals and Trade Belt 694004 Coastal Food Crops and Fishing 694005 Kailahun-Kenema-Pujehun Cash Crops, Food Crops and Trade 694006 Kono-Kenema-Bo Rice, Tree Crops and Timbers 694007 Koinadugu Food Crops, Livestock and Trade 694008 Follosoba Dembellia and Wara Wara Yagala Vegetables 694009 Freetown Peri-Urban 694010 Rice Bowl Areas 706001 Guban Pastoral 706002 West Golis Pastoral 706003 Northwestern Agropastoral 706004 Togdheer Agropastoral 706005 Hawd Pastoral 706006 Northern Inland Pastoral – Goats and Sheep 706007 East Golis – Frankincense, Goats, and Fishing 706008 Coastal Deeh Pastoral and Fishing 706009 Addun Pastoral 706010 Cowpea Belt Agropastoral 706011 Southern Inland Pastoral – Camels, Goats, Sheep, and Cattle 706012 Southern Agropastoral – Goats, Camels, and Sorghum 706013 Riverine Pump Irrigation 706014 Riverine Gravity Irrigation 706015 Sorghum High Potential Agropastoral 706016 Bay Bakool Low Potential Agropastoral 706017 Southern Rainfed Agropastoral – Maize, Cattle, and Goats 706018 Juba Pastoral – Cattle and Goats 706019 Urban 716000 Urban 716001 Agrofisheries 716002 Beitbridge South Western Lowveld Communal 716003 Bikita-Zaka Highlands Communal 716004 Central and Northern Semi Intensive Farming 716005 Cereal and High Cotton Communal 716006 Cereal and Low Cotton Communal 716007 Eastern Highlands Commercial Farming 716008 Eastern Highlands Prime Communal 716009 Eastern Kalahari Sandveld Communal 716010 Greater Mudzi Communal 716011 Highveld Prime Cereal and Cash Crop Resettlement 716012 Highveld Prime Communal 716013 Irrigated Commercial Sugar and Fruit Farming 716014 Kariba Valley and Kariangwe-Jambezi Communal 716015 Livestock and Cereal Farming Communal in Forests 716016 Lusulu, Lupane and Southern Gokwe Mixed Agriculture 716017 Masvingo Manicaland Middleveld Smallholder 716018 Matabeleland Middleveld Communal 716019 Mutorashanga Informal mining 716020 Mwenezi, Chivi and South Midland Communal 716021 Northern Cattle and Cereal Farming 716022 Northern Zambezi Valley Communal 716023 Save River Valley and Ndowoyo Communal 716024 Southern Cattle and Cereal Farming 716025 Western Kalahari Sandveld Communal 716026 National Park 728001 Equatorial maize and cassava 728002 Ironstone Plateau agro-pastoral 728003 Highland forest and sorghum 728004 Western groundnuts, sesame and sorghum 728005 Eastern semi-arid pastoral 728006 Eastern plains sorghum and cattle 728007 Greater Bahr el Ghazal sorghum and cattle 728008 Nile basin fishing and agro-pastoral 728009 Oil resources, maize and cattle 728010 Northeastern maize and cattle 728011 Northern sorhgum and livestock 729000 Not Zoned 729001 Northern Riverine Small-scale Cultivation 729002 Southern Riverine Small/Medium-scale Cultivation 729003 Eastern Pastoral 729004 West and Central Pastoral 729005 Eastern Khors Agropastoral 729006 Coastal Fishing 729007 Eastern Agropastoral Sorghum 729008 Flood-retreat Cultivation 729009 Central Irrigated Schemes 729010 Southeast Rainfed Semi-mechanized Agriculture 729011 Rainfed Sorghum Belt 729012 Western Agropastoral Millet and Groundnuts 729013 Western Agropastoral Millet 729014 Central Rainfed Millet and Sesame 729015 Jabel Marra Mixed Highland Cultivation 729016 Western Wadi Cultivation 729017 North Darfur Tobacco 729018 North Kordofan Gum Arabic Belt 729019 Cattle Dominant Agropastoral 800001 North Eastern Karamoja Highland Apiculture and Potato Zone 800002 Western Karamoja Mixed Crop Farming Zone 800003 South Eastern Karamoja Cattle Maize Zone 800004 Karamoja Mountain and Foot Hills Maize and Cattle Zone 800005 Central Karamoja Sorghum and Livestock Zone 800006 NE Sorghum Simsim Maize Livestock Zone 800007 North Kitgum Gulu Amuru West Nile Simsim Sorghum Livestock Zone 800008 Palabek Tobacco Simsim Sorghum and Cattle Zone 800009 South Kitgum Pader Abim Simsim Groundnuts Sorghum Cattle Zone 800010 Albertine West Nile Lowland Cattle Zone 800011 Kafu Muzizi Maize Upland Rice Cassava Zone 800012 Albertine Escarpment Cotton Cassava Zone 800013 Bwijanga Pakanyi SugarcaNE Maize Cassava Zone 800014 Karuma Masindi Oyam Tobacco Maize Cassava Zone 800015 West Nile Tobacco Cassava Sorghum Zone 800016 Rwenzori Mt.Elgon West Nile Arabica Coffee Banana Zone 800017 Amuru Gulu Rice Groundnut Sorghum Livestock Zone 800018 Southwest Gulu Beans Groundnuts Shoat Cassava 800019 Mid North Simsim Maize Cassava Zone 800020 Eastern Lowland Maize Beans Rice Zone 800021 Eastern Central Lowland Cassava Sorghum and Groundnut Zone 800022 Mt Elgon Highland Irish Potato Cereal Zone 800023 Central and Southern Cattle Cassava Maize Zone 800024 Lakeshore and Riverbank Fishing Zone 800025 Southeastern Maize Beans Robusta Coffee Zone 800026 Midwest Central and Lake Victoria Crescent Robusta Coffee Banana Maize and Cattle Zone 800027 Rwenzori Midland Banana Fruit Vegetable Dairy Zone 800028 Kazinga Channel Cassava Maize Fruit Vegetable Cotton Zone 800029 Rwenzori Lowland Maize Vegetable Banana Zone 800030 Southeastern Lowland Cassava Cereal Zone 800031 Eastern Lowland Rice Root Crop Zone 800032 Southeastern Lowland Cassava Maize Sweet Potato Zone 800033 East Central Plantation Outgrower Zone 800034 Kayunga Masaka Pineapple Banana Robusta Coffee and Cassava Zone 800035 SW Highland Irish Potato Sorghum Vegetable Zone 800036 Kalangala Fishing Oil Palm Cassava Zone 800037 Western Rift Valley Cocoa Coffee Cassava Zone 800038 Rwenzori Midland Tea and Dairy Zone 800039 Southwestern Midland Banana Robusta Coffee Cattle Zone 800040 SW Rift Valley Tobacco Bean Millet Zone 800041 Urban 800042 National Park 834001 Southern Maasai Pastoralist 834002 River Pangani Paddy and Maize Basin 834003 Tanga Maize and Cattle 834004 Tanga Maize and Sisal Employment 834005 Usambara-Pare Highland 834006 Tanga Maize, Orange, and Jackfruit Midlands 834007 Tanga-Pwani Coastal Maize, Paddy Belt 834008 Handeni-Bagamoyo Maize, Cassava, and Fruit Midlands 834009 Loliondo Midland Maize, Beans, and Livestock 834010 Lower Rombo Maize, Beans, and Finger Millet 834011 Kilimanjaro-Meru Maize, Coffee, and Plantains 834012 Karatu Wheat, Maize, and Coffee 834013 Lower Arusha-Simanjiro Maize 834014 Northern Maasai Pastoralist 834015 Nowu Maize, Beans, and Onions Highlands 834016 Babati Kwaraa Maize, Beans, Sunflower, and Coffee 834017 Kiteto-Kongwa-Mpwapwa-Mvomero Maize, Sorghum, and Pigeon Pea 834018 Mbulu-Karatu Midlands Maize, Beans, and Livestock 834019 Hadzabe Hunter-Gatherer Wild Honey, Wild Roots, and Wild Fruit 834020 Wembere Paddy, Sorghum, Maize, Sunflower, and Fishing 834021 Bahi-Sanza Irrigated Rice, Maize, Bulrush Millet, and Livestock 834022 Iramba Midland Onion, Maize, and Sunflower 834023 Manyoni Upland Maize, Sunflower, Sesame, and Livestock 834024 Tabora-Singida Midland Maize, Sunflower, and Livestock 834025 Singida-Manyara Maize, Sorghum, Beans, and Sunflower 834026 East and South Lakeshore Fishing, Cassava, and Upland Rice 834027 Western Lakeshore Coffee, Fishing, and Banana 834028 Kagera-Kigoma-Mara Banana, Coffee, and Beans 834029 Mwanza-Shinyanga-Mara Cotton, Livestock, Cassava, and Maize 834030 Kagera Lowlands Beans, Maize, and Livestock 834031 Shinyanga-Tabora Cotton, Upland Rice, Sweet Potato, and Livestock 834032 Sengerema-Geita Highland Cassava, Rice, and Maize 834033 Kagera-Kigoma Beans, Cassava, and Maize 834034 Kahama-Tabora Midland Tobacco, Maize, Rice, and Livestock 834035 Kishapu-Meatu-Maswa Sorghum, Cotton, Sweet Potato, and Livestock 834036 Urambo-Nzega Lowland Groundnuts, Cotton, and Maize 834037 Kigoma Lowland Palm Oil, Cassava, and Maize 834038 Urambo Agropastoral Maize and Sweet Potato 834039 Victoria Islands Fishing, Cassava, Sweet Potato, and Paddy 834040 Ruaha Riverine Maize, Onion, Tomato, and Paddy Lowlands 834041 Chalinze-Tunuguo Maize, Cattle, and Cassava 834042 Kilombero-Mtibwa Paddy, Maize, and Sugar Employment 834043 Kilombero-Ulanga-Lusewa Paddy, Maize, and Cassava 834044 Kilosa-Mvomero Maize and Paddy Lowlands 834045 Matombo-Kuyuni Spice, Maize, and Banana 834046 Bagamoyo-Kibaha Midland Cassava, Cashew, and Maize 834047 Morogoro Highland Maize and Vegetable 834048 Maskat-Kimbet Maize and Beans Highlands 834049 Newala-Masasi Plateau Sesame, Cassava, Cashew, and Sorghum 834050 Mtwara-Lindi Coastal Rice and Cashew 834051 Matumbi Midland Upland Rice, Oranges, and Maize 834052 Lindi-Nachingwea Lowland Cassava and Maize 834053 Southeastern Plateau Cassava, Cashew, and Bambara Nuts 834054 Mtwara-Lindi-Pwani Riverine 834055 Singida-Dodoma Sorghum, B/Millet, Sunflower, and Livestock 834056 Dodoma Lowland Sunflower, Grape, and Sorghum 834057 Mpanda Maize, Paddy, Sunflower, and Livestock 834058 Lake Tanganyika-Rukwa Fishing, Maize, and Sunflower 834059 Kyela Paddy, Cacao, and Palm Oil Lowlands 834060 Rungwe Banana, Coffee, Tea, and Livestock Midlands 834061 Mporoto-Umalila Irish Potato, Maize, Wheat, and Pyrethrum Highlands 834062 Mbozi-Mbeya Coffee, Maize, Beans, and Livestock Highlands 834063 Usangu Paddy, Maize, Sorghum, and Livestock Wetlands 834064 Kamsamba Paddy, Sorghum, and Livestock Lowlands 834065 Chunya Maize, Sunflower, Cassava, and Groundnut Midlands 834066 West Chunya Maize, Bulrush Millet, and Sesame Lowlands 834067 Lake Nyasa Shore Cassava Fishing and Paddy 834068 Namtumbo Tobacco, Maize, Paddy, and Cassava Midlands 834069 Matengo Coffee, Maize, Beans, and Piggery Midlands 834070 Songea-Namtumbo-Ludewa-Mibinga Maize, Beans, and Cassava Midlands 834071 Njombe-Mufindi Maize, Timber, Tea, Pyrethrum, and Employment 834072 Mtera Dam Fishing, Sorghum, and Sesame 834073 Makete Wheat, Irish Potato, Timber, and Employment Highlands 834074 Njombe-Mufindi Maize, Irish Potato, and Bean 834075 Iringa-Mbarali Maize, Sunflower, Beans, and Groundnut Belt 834076 Tunduru-Nachingwea-Nanyumbu Cashew, Cassava, and Paddy Lowlands 834077 Mpanda-Chunya-Sikonge Maize and Tobacco Lowlands 834078 Sumbawanga-Mbozi-Mpanda Maize, Sunflower, and Livestock 834098 Water 834099 Not Zoned 854001 South tubers and cereals 854002 Southwest fruits, cotton, and cereals 854003 West cotton and cereals 854004 West cereals and remittances 854005 Central plateau cereals and market gardening 854006 Ouagadougou peri-urban 854007 North and east livestock and cereals 854008 North transhumant pastoralism and millet 854009 Southeast cereals, livestock, forestry and faune 887001 Amran Rainfed Sorghum, Barley, Qat, and Livestock Zone 887002 Arabian Sea Coastal Irrigated Tropical Fruit, Fodder and Livestock Zone 887003 Central and Eastern Plateau Agro-Pastoral Zone 887004 Central and Eastern Wadi Palm, Wheat, Vegetable and Livestock Zone 887005 Central Highland Potato, Vegetable and Livestock Zone 887006 Eastern Plateau Sorghum, Millet and Livestock Zone 887007 Greater Yemen Coastal and Island Fishing Zone 887008 Northern and Eastern Desert Pastoral Zone 887009 Sa'adah Irrigated Wheat, Fruit, Vegetable, Qat, and Livestock Zone 887010 Western and Central Highland Qat, Grain, Fodder and Livestock Zone 887011 Western and Central Wadi Sorghum, Millet, Vegetable, Fruit and Livestock Zone 887012 Western Central Highland Coffee, Qat, Sorghum and Livestock Zone 887013 Western Central Highland Wheat, Sorghum, Qat, and Livestock Zone 887014 Western Coastal Plain Sorghum, Millet, and Livestock Zone 887015 Urban 894001 Zambezi Plain Rice, Livestock, and Fishing 894002 Southwestern Cereal, Livestock, and Timber 894003 Western and Northwestern Cassava, Maize, and Cattle 894004 Kaoma Smallholder Food Crop and Tobacco 894005 Northwestern Timber and Honey 894006 Solwezi and Kasempa Mining Labor and Agriculture 894007 Kafue Plain Maize, Cattle, and Fishing 894008 Commercial Rail Line Maize, Livestock, and Cotton 894009 Southern Plateau Cattle, Maize, and Tobacco 894010 Zambezi Valley Agro-fisheries 894011 Mkushi, Chisamba, and Mpongwe Commercial Farming Block 894012 Central Copperbelt Maize, Cassava, and Sweet Potato 894013 Copperbelt Labor and Trade 894014 Mkushi and Serenje Maize, Sweet Potato, and Horticulture 894015 Luangwa Valley Informal Mining, Fishing, and Hunting 894016 Eastern Plateau Maize, Cotton, and Groundnut 894017 Eastern Plateau Maize, Groundnut, Tobacco, and Trade 894018 Luangwa Valley Subsistence Farming, Hunting, and Tourism 894019 Northern Border Maize, Beans, Livestock, and Trade 894020 Muchinga, Northern, and Luapula Cassava, Groundnut, and Mill 894021 Mweru, Bangweulu, and Tanganyika Fisheries LIVELIHOOD reports the predominant livelihood zone within a 5-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. Livelihood zones can be used as an indicator for sources of food and/or income and as a measure of people's vulnerability to hazards, such as flood, drought, food crisis, market disruption, or conflicts. Information on livelihood zones are available for selected countries of Africa, Afghanistan, El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, and Nicaragua. Livelihood zones are country-specific; therefore, codes and labels for LIVELIHOOD vary across countries. The original LIVELIHOOD zone codes from the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET [URL omitted from DDI.]) begin with the 2-character alphabetic ISO code followed by the livelihood zone code. In place of the 2-character alphabetic ISO code used in the source data, IPUMS-DHS substitutes the 3-digit ISO country code (e.g., 231 for Ethiopia), followed by the 3-digit numeric livelihood zone code (e.g., 177 for West Central Teff). LIVELIHOOD, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Proportion of land area used for agriculture (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for agriculture (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for agriculture (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for agriculture (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for agriculture (circa 2000) -00998 Missing CROPLAND reports the proportion of land that is planted in crops, for a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The statistics reported in CROPLAND are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. CROPLAND is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. CROPLAND, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Proportion of land area used for pastureland (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for pastureland (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for pastureland (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for pastureland (circa 2000) Proportion of land area used for pastureland (circa 2000) -00998 Missing PASTURELAND reports the proportion of land that is used as pasture, for a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The pasture area statistics reported in PASTURELAND are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. PASTURELAND is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. PASTURELAND, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Precipitation monthly time-series Precipitation monthly time-series Precipitation monthly time-series Precipitation monthly time-series Precipitation monthly time-series 1 PRECIP available PRECIP consists of a set of 72 separate variables. These variables report the average precipitation in millimeters, received within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, for the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, the month of the survey start date, and the 11 individual months following the survey start date. Note that "average" precipitation here refers to averaging the monthly precipitation values for the various subareas included in the buffer zone. By adding PRECIP to your data cart, you are in effect adding 72 separate variables for: the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, denoted by the number of months prior to the survey start date (e.g., PRECIP_01 is the average precipitation in the month before the survey start date; PRECIP_60 is the average precipitation in the 60th month before the survey start date); the month of the survey start date (PRECIP_00); the 11 individual months following the month of the survey start date, denoted by the number of months following the month of the survey start date (e.g., PRECIP_A01 is the average precipitation in the month following the month of the survey start date). The full set of monthly precipitation data, from January 1981 through August 2018, is available on the IPUMS-DHS contextual variables downloads [URL omitted from DDI.] page. Users can merge the precipitation data, available in csv format, with their IPUMS-DHS data extract to create average or total precipitation variables (e.g., average January precipitation, total 2017 precipitation), for the time frame suited to their research question. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Precipitation 60 months before survey start date Precipitation 60 months before survey start date Precipitation 60 months before survey start date Precipitation 60 months before survey start date Precipitation 60 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 59 months before survey start date Precipitation 59 months before survey start date Precipitation 59 months before survey start date Precipitation 59 months before survey start date Precipitation 59 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 58 months before survey start date Precipitation 58 months before survey start date Precipitation 58 months before survey start date Precipitation 58 months before survey start date Precipitation 58 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 57 months before survey start date Precipitation 57 months before survey start date Precipitation 57 months before survey start date Precipitation 57 months before survey start date Precipitation 57 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 56 months before survey start date Precipitation 56 months before survey start date Precipitation 56 months before survey start date Precipitation 56 months before survey start date Precipitation 56 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 55 months before survey start date Precipitation 55 months before survey start date Precipitation 55 months before survey start date Precipitation 55 months before survey start date Precipitation 55 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 54 months before survey start date Precipitation 54 months before survey start date Precipitation 54 months before survey start date Precipitation 54 months before survey start date Precipitation 54 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 53 months before survey start date Precipitation 53 months before survey start date Precipitation 53 months before survey start date Precipitation 53 months before survey start date Precipitation 53 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 52 months before survey start date Precipitation 52 months before survey start date Precipitation 52 months before survey start date Precipitation 52 months before survey start date Precipitation 52 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 51 months before survey start date Precipitation 51 months before survey start date Precipitation 51 months before survey start date Precipitation 51 months before survey start date Precipitation 51 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 50 months before survey start date Precipitation 50 months before survey start date Precipitation 50 months before survey start date Precipitation 50 months before survey start date Precipitation 50 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 49 months before survey start date Precipitation 49 months before survey start date Precipitation 49 months before survey start date Precipitation 49 months before survey start date Precipitation 49 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 48 months before survey start date Precipitation 48 months before survey start date Precipitation 48 months before survey start date Precipitation 48 months before survey start date Precipitation 48 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 47 months before survey start date Precipitation 47 months before survey start date Precipitation 47 months before survey start date Precipitation 47 months before survey start date Precipitation 47 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 46 months before survey start date Precipitation 46 months before survey start date Precipitation 46 months before survey start date Precipitation 46 months before survey start date Precipitation 46 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 45 months before survey start date Precipitation 45 months before survey start date Precipitation 45 months before survey start date Precipitation 45 months before survey start date Precipitation 45 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 44 months before survey start date Precipitation 44 months before survey start date Precipitation 44 months before survey start date Precipitation 44 months before survey start date Precipitation 44 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 43 months before survey start date Precipitation 43 months before survey start date Precipitation 43 months before survey start date Precipitation 43 months before survey start date Precipitation 43 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 42 months before survey start date Precipitation 42 months before survey start date Precipitation 42 months before survey start date Precipitation 42 months before survey start date Precipitation 42 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 41 months before survey start date Precipitation 41 months before survey start date Precipitation 41 months before survey start date Precipitation 41 months before survey start date Precipitation 41 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 40 months before survey start date Precipitation 40 months before survey start date Precipitation 40 months before survey start date Precipitation 40 months before survey start date Precipitation 40 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 39 months before survey start date Precipitation 39 months before survey start date Precipitation 39 months before survey start date Precipitation 39 months before survey start date Precipitation 39 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 38 months before survey start date Precipitation 38 months before survey start date Precipitation 38 months before survey start date Precipitation 38 months before survey start date Precipitation 38 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 37 months before survey start date Precipitation 37 months before survey start date Precipitation 37 months before survey start date Precipitation 37 months before survey start date Precipitation 37 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 36 months before survey start date Precipitation 36 months before survey start date Precipitation 36 months before survey start date Precipitation 36 months before survey start date Precipitation 36 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 35 months before survey start date Precipitation 35 months before survey start date Precipitation 35 months before survey start date Precipitation 35 months before survey start date Precipitation 35 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 34 months before survey start date Precipitation 34 months before survey start date Precipitation 34 months before survey start date Precipitation 34 months before survey start date Precipitation 34 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 33 months before survey start date Precipitation 33 months before survey start date Precipitation 33 months before survey start date Precipitation 33 months before survey start date Precipitation 33 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 32 months before survey start date Precipitation 32 months before survey start date Precipitation 32 months before survey start date Precipitation 32 months before survey start date Precipitation 32 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 31 months before survey start date Precipitation 31 months before survey start date Precipitation 31 months before survey start date Precipitation 31 months before survey start date Precipitation 31 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 30 months before survey start date Precipitation 30 months before survey start date Precipitation 30 months before survey start date Precipitation 30 months before survey start date Precipitation 30 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 29 months before survey start date Precipitation 29 months before survey start date Precipitation 29 months before survey start date Precipitation 29 months before survey start date Precipitation 29 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 28 months before survey start date Precipitation 28 months before survey start date Precipitation 28 months before survey start date Precipitation 28 months before survey start date Precipitation 28 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 27 months before survey start date Precipitation 27 months before survey start date Precipitation 27 months before survey start date Precipitation 27 months before survey start date Precipitation 27 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 26 months before survey start date Precipitation 26 months before survey start date Precipitation 26 months before survey start date Precipitation 26 months before survey start date Precipitation 26 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 25 months before survey start date Precipitation 25 months before survey start date Precipitation 25 months before survey start date Precipitation 25 months before survey start date Precipitation 25 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 24 months before survey start date Precipitation 24 months before survey start date Precipitation 24 months before survey start date Precipitation 24 months before survey start date Precipitation 24 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 23 months before survey start date Precipitation 23 months before survey start date Precipitation 23 months before survey start date Precipitation 23 months before survey start date Precipitation 23 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 22 months before survey start date Precipitation 22 months before survey start date Precipitation 22 months before survey start date Precipitation 22 months before survey start date Precipitation 22 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 21 months before survey start date Precipitation 21 months before survey start date Precipitation 21 months before survey start date Precipitation 21 months before survey start date Precipitation 21 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 20 months before survey start date Precipitation 20 months before survey start date Precipitation 20 months before survey start date Precipitation 20 months before survey start date Precipitation 20 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 19 months before survey start date Precipitation 19 months before survey start date Precipitation 19 months before survey start date Precipitation 19 months before survey start date Precipitation 19 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 18 months before survey start date Precipitation 18 months before survey start date Precipitation 18 months before survey start date Precipitation 18 months before survey start date Precipitation 18 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 17 months before survey start date Precipitation 17 months before survey start date Precipitation 17 months before survey start date Precipitation 17 months before survey start date Precipitation 17 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 16 months before survey start date Precipitation 16 months before survey start date Precipitation 16 months before survey start date Precipitation 16 months before survey start date Precipitation 16 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 15 months before survey start date Precipitation 15 months before survey start date Precipitation 15 months before survey start date Precipitation 15 months before survey start date Precipitation 15 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 14 months before survey start date Precipitation 14 months before survey start date Precipitation 14 months before survey start date Precipitation 14 months before survey start date Precipitation 14 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 13 months before survey start date Precipitation 13 months before survey start date Precipitation 13 months before survey start date Precipitation 13 months before survey start date Precipitation 13 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 12 months before survey start date Precipitation 12 months before survey start date Precipitation 12 months before survey start date Precipitation 12 months before survey start date Precipitation 12 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 11 months before survey start date Precipitation 11 months before survey start date Precipitation 11 months before survey start date Precipitation 11 months before survey start date Precipitation 11 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 10 months before survey start date Precipitation 10 months before survey start date Precipitation 10 months before survey start date Precipitation 10 months before survey start date Precipitation 10 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 9 months before survey start date Precipitation 9 months before survey start date Precipitation 9 months before survey start date Precipitation 9 months before survey start date Precipitation 9 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 8 months before survey start date Precipitation 8 months before survey start date Precipitation 8 months before survey start date Precipitation 8 months before survey start date Precipitation 8 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 7 months before survey start date Precipitation 7 months before survey start date Precipitation 7 months before survey start date Precipitation 7 months before survey start date Precipitation 7 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 6 months before survey start date Precipitation 6 months before survey start date Precipitation 6 months before survey start date Precipitation 6 months before survey start date Precipitation 6 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 5 months before survey start date Precipitation 5 months before survey start date Precipitation 5 months before survey start date Precipitation 5 months before survey start date Precipitation 5 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 4 months before survey start date Precipitation 4 months before survey start date Precipitation 4 months before survey start date Precipitation 4 months before survey start date Precipitation 4 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 3 months before survey start date Precipitation 3 months before survey start date Precipitation 3 months before survey start date Precipitation 3 months before survey start date Precipitation 3 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 2 months before survey start date Precipitation 2 months before survey start date Precipitation 2 months before survey start date Precipitation 2 months before survey start date Precipitation 2 months before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 1 month before survey start date Precipitation 1 month before survey start date Precipitation 1 month before survey start date Precipitation 1 month before survey start date Precipitation 1 month before survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation month of survey start date Precipitation month of survey start date Precipitation month of survey start date Precipitation month of survey start date Precipitation month of survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 1 month after survey start date Precipitation 1 month after survey start date Precipitation 1 month after survey start date Precipitation 1 month after survey start date Precipitation 1 month after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 2 months after survey start date Precipitation 2 months after survey start date Precipitation 2 months after survey start date Precipitation 2 months after survey start date Precipitation 2 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 3 months after survey start date Precipitation 3 months after survey start date Precipitation 3 months after survey start date Precipitation 3 months after survey start date Precipitation 3 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 4 months after survey start date Precipitation 4 months after survey start date Precipitation 4 months after survey start date Precipitation 4 months after survey start date Precipitation 4 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 5 months after survey start date Precipitation 5 months after survey start date Precipitation 5 months after survey start date Precipitation 5 months after survey start date Precipitation 5 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 6 months after survey start date Precipitation 6 months after survey start date Precipitation 6 months after survey start date Precipitation 6 months after survey start date Precipitation 6 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 7 months after survey start date Precipitation 7 months after survey start date Precipitation 7 months after survey start date Precipitation 7 months after survey start date Precipitation 7 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 8 months after survey start date Precipitation 8 months after survey start date Precipitation 8 months after survey start date Precipitation 8 months after survey start date Precipitation 8 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 9 months after survey start date Precipitation 9 months after survey start date Precipitation 9 months after survey start date Precipitation 9 months after survey start date Precipitation 9 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 10 months after survey start date Precipitation 10 months after survey start date Precipitation 10 months after survey start date Precipitation 10 months after survey start date Precipitation 10 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Precipitation 11 months after survey start date Precipitation 11 months after survey start date Precipitation 11 months after survey start date Precipitation 11 months after survey start date Precipitation 11 months after survey start date -0000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum monthly temperature Average minimum monthly temperature Average minimum monthly temperature Average minimum monthly temperature Average minimum monthly temperature 1 TEMPMAX available TEMPMIN consists of a set of 72 separate variables reporting minimum monthly temperatures. These variables report the average minimum temperature in kelvin scale, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, for the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, the month of the survey start date, and the 11 individual months following the survey start date. Note that "average" minimum temperature here refers to averaging the minimum temperature values for the various subareas included in the buffer zone. By adding TEMPMIN to your data cart, you are in effect adding 72 separate variables for: the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, denoted by the number of months prior to the survey start date (e.g., TEMPMIN_01 is the average minimum temperature in the month before the survey start date; TEMPMIN _60 is the average minimum temperature in the 60th month before the survey start date) the month of the survey start date (TEMPMIN _00) the 11 individual months following the month of the survey start date, denoted by the number of months following the month of the survey start date (e.g., TEMPMIN_A01 is the average minimum temperature in the month following the month of the survey start date) The full set of monthly temperature data, from January 1980 through December 2016, is available on the IPUMS-DHS contextual variables downloads [URL omitted from DDI.] page. Users can merge the temperature data, available in csv format, with their IPUMS-DHS data extract to create average or total precipitation variables (e.g., average minimum January temperature), for the time frame suited to their research question. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Average minimum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 60 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 59 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 58 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 57 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 56 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 55 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 54 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 53 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 52 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 51 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 50 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 49 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 48 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 47 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 46 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 45 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 44 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 43 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 42 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 41 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 40 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 39 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 38 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 37 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 36 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 35 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 34 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 33 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 32 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 31 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 30 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 29 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 28 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 27 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 26 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 25 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 24 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 23 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 22 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 21 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 20 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 19 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 18 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 17 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 16 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 15 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 14 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 13 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 12 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature month of survey start date Average minimum temperature month of survey start date Average minimum temperature month of survey start date Average minimum temperature month of survey start date Average minimum temperature month of survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average minimum temperature 1 month after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 2 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 3 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 4 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 5 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 6 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 7 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 8 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 9 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 10 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average minimum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average minimum temperature 11 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum monthly temperature Average maximum monthly temperature Average maximum monthly temperature Average maximum monthly temperature Average maximum monthly temperature 1 TEMPMAX available TEMPMAX consists of a set of 72 separate variables reporting maximum monthly temperatures. These variables report the average maximum temperature in kelvin scale, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, for the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, the month of the survey start date, and the 11 individual months following the survey start date. Note that "average" maximum temperature here refers to averaging the maximum temperature values for the various subareas included in the buffer zone. By adding TEMPMAX to your data cart, you are in effect adding 72 separate variables for: the 60 individual months prior to the survey start date, denoted by the number of months prior to the survey start date (e.g., TEMPMAX_01 is the average maximum temperature in the month before the survey start date; TEMPMAX _60 is the average maximum temperature in the 60th month before the survey start date) the month of the survey start date (TEMPMAX _00) the 11 individual months following the month of the survey start date, denoted by the number of months following the month of the survey start date (e.g., TEMPMAX_A01 is the average maximum temperature in the month following the month of the survey start date). The full set of monthly temperature data, from January 1980 through December 2016, is available on the IPUMS-DHS contextual variables downloads [URL omitted from DDI.] page. Users can merge the temperature data, available in csv format, with their IPUMS-DHS data extract to create average or total precipitation variables (e.g., average maximum July temperature), for the time frame suited to their research question. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Average maximum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 60 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 60 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 59 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 59 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 58 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 58 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 57 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 57 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 56 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 56 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 55 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 55 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 54 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 54 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 53 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 53 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 52 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 52 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 51 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 51 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 50 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 50 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 49 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 49 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 48 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 48 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 47 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 47 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 46 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 46 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 45 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 45 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 44 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 44 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 43 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 43 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 42 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 42 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 41 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 41 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 40 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 40 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 39 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 39 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 38 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 38 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 37 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 37 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 36 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 36 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 35 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 35 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 34 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 34 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 33 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 33 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 32 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 32 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 31 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 31 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 30 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 30 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 29 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 29 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 28 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 28 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 27 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 27 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 26 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 26 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 25 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 25 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 24 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 24 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 23 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 23 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 22 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 22 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 21 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 21 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 20 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 20 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 19 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 19 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 18 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 18 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 17 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 17 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 16 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 16 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 15 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 15 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 14 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 14 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 13 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 13 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 12 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 12 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months before survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month before survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month before survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature month of survey start date Average maximum temperature month of survey start date Average maximum temperature month of survey start date Average maximum temperature month of survey start date Average maximum temperature month of survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month after survey start date Average maximum temperature 1 month after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 2 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 3 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 4 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 5 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 6 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 7 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 8 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 9 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 10 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Average maximum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months after survey start date Average maximum temperature 11 months after survey start date -000998 Missing IPUMS Population density quinquennial time-series (2000-2020) Population density quinquennial time-series (2000-2020) Population density quinquennial time-series (2000-2020) Population density quinquennial time-series (2000-2020) Population density quinquennial time-series (2000-2020) 1 POPDENSITY available POPDENSITY consists of a set of 5 separate variables. These variables report the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. By adding POPDENSITY to your data cart, you are in effect adding 5 separate variables (POPDENSITY_2000 - POPDENSITY_2020), one variable for each month. Values for POPDENSITY are based on population projections from the results of the 2000 and 2010 rounds of censuses. POPDENSITY variables can be used as indicators of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, for greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. POPDENSITY, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Population density 2000 Population density 2000 Population density 2000 Population density 2000 Population density 2000 -000998 Missing POPDENSITY_2000 reports the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2000. The population density statistics are available for the following years: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. POPDENSITY_2000 is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. POPDENSITY_2000 can be used as an indicator of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, and greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. Please see the User Note on Using IPUMS-DHS Contextual Variables: POPDENSITY_2000 [URL omitted from DDI.] for more information about this variable, including data sources and methodology. This variable, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is based on sources outside The DHS Program, with values around DHS sample cluster points calculated by IPUMS-DHS staff. IPUMS Population density 2005 Population density 2005 Population density 2005 Population density 2005 Population density 2005 -000998 Missing POPDENSITY_2005 reports the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2005. The population density statistics are available for the following years: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. POPDENSITY_2005 is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. POPDENSITY_2005 can be used as an indicator of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, and greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. Please see the User Note on Using IPUMS-DHS Contextual Variables: POPDENSITY_2005 [URL omitted from DDI.] for more information about this variable, including data sources and methodology. This variable, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is based on sources outside The DHS Program, with values around DHS sample cluster points calculated by IPUMS-DHS staff. IPUMS Population density 2010 Population density 2010 Population density 2010 Population density 2010 Population density 2010 -000998 Missing POPDENSITY_2010 reports the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2010. The population density statistics are available for the following years: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. POPDENSITY_2010 is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. POPDENSITY_2010 can be used as an indicator of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, and greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. Please see the User Note on Using IPUMS-DHS Contextual Variables: POPDENSITY_2010 [URL omitted from DDI.] for more information about this variable, including data sources and methodology. This variable, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is based on sources outside The DHS Program, with values around DHS sample cluster points calculated by IPUMS-DHS staff. IPUMS Population density 2015 Population density 2015 Population density 2015 Population density 2015 Population density 2015 -000998 Missing POPDENSITY_2015 reports the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2015. The population density statistics are available for the following years: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. POPDENSITY_2015 is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. POPDENSITY_2015 can be used as an indicator of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, and greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. Please see the User Note on Using IPUMS-DHS Contextual Variables: POPDENSITY_2015 [URL omitted from DDI.] for more information about this variable, including data sources and methodology. This variable, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is based on sources outside The DHS Program, with values around DHS sample cluster points calculated by IPUMS-DHS staff. IPUMS Population density 2020 Population density 2020 Population density 2020 Population density 2020 Population density 2020 -000998 Missing POPDENSITY_2020 reports the population density - people per square kilometer of land area - within a 5 kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location, in 2020. The population density statistics are available for the following years: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. POPDENSITY_2020 is available for every IPUMS-DHS sample with GPS data. POPDENSITY_2020 can be used as an indicator of urban versus rural status, with the cut-off levels for these categories decided by the researcher, and greater consistency in measurement than the DHS URBAN variable. Values for POPDENSITY_2020 are based on population projections from the results of the 2010 round of censuses, which occurred between 2005 and 2014. Please see the User Note on Using IPUMS-DHS Contextual Variables: POPDENSITY_2020 [URL omitted from DDI.] for more information about this variable, including data sources and methodology. This variable, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is based on sources outside The DHS Program, with values around DHS sample cluster points calculated by IPUMS-DHS staff. IPUMS Harvested area barley (in 2000) Harvested area barley (in 2000) Harvested area barley (in 2000) Harvested area barley (in 2000) Harvested area barley (in 2000) -00000998 Missing BARLEY_H reports total harvested area dedicated to barley, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in BARLEY_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable BARLEY_P reports total crop production of barley, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. BARLEY_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area cassava (in 2000) Harvested area cassava (in 2000) Harvested area cassava (in 2000) Harvested area cassava (in 2000) Harvested area cassava (in 2000) -00000998 Missing CASSAVA_H reports total harvested area dedicated to cassava, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in CASSAVA_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable CASSAVA_P reports total crop production of cassava, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. CASSAVA_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area cotton (in 2000) Harvested area cotton (in 2000) Harvested area cotton (in 2000) Harvested area cotton (in 2000) Harvested area cotton (in 2000) -00000998 Missing COTTON_H reports total harvested area dedicated to cotton, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in COTTON_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable COTTON_P reports total crop production of cotton, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. COTTON_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area groundnuts (in 2000) Harvested area groundnuts (in 2000) Harvested area groundnuts (in 2000) Harvested area groundnuts (in 2000) Harvested area groundnuts (in 2000) -00000998 Missing GROUNDNUT_H reports total harvested area dedicated to groundnuts, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in GROUNDNUT_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable GROUNDNUT_P reports total crop production of groundnuts, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. GROUNDNUT_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area maize (in 2000) Harvested area maize (in 2000) Harvested area maize (in 2000) Harvested area maize (in 2000) Harvested area maize (in 2000) -00000998 Missing MAIZE_H reports total harvested area dedicated to maize, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in MAIZE_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable MAIZE_P reports total crop production of maize, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. MAIZE_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area millet (in 2000) Harvested area millet (in 2000) Harvested area millet (in 2000) Harvested area millet (in 2000) Harvested area millet (in 2000) -00000998 Missing MILLET_H reports total harvested area dedicated to millet, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in MILLET_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable MILLET_P reports total crop production of millet, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. MILLET_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area oilpalm (in 2000) Harvested area oilpalm (in 2000) Harvested area oilpalm (in 2000) Harvested area oilpalm (in 2000) Harvested area oilpalm (in 2000) -00000998 Missing OILPALM_H reports total harvested area dedicated to oil palm, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in OILPALM_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable OILPALM_P reports total crop production of oil palm, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. OILPALM_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area potatoes (in 2000) Harvested area potatoes (in 2000) Harvested area potatoes (in 2000) Harvested area potatoes (in 2000) Harvested area potatoes (in 2000) -00000998 Missing POTATO_H reports total harvested area dedicated to potatoes, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in POTATO_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable POTATO_P reports total crop production of potatoes, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. POTATO_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area rapeseed (in 2000) Harvested area rapeseed (in 2000) Harvested area rapeseed (in 2000) Harvested area rapeseed (in 2000) Harvested area rapeseed (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RAPESEED_H reports total harvested area dedicated to rapeseed, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in RAPESEED_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RAPESEED_P reports total crop production of rapeseed, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RAPESEED_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area rice (in 2000) Harvested area rice (in 2000) Harvested area rice (in 2000) Harvested area rice (in 2000) Harvested area rice (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RICE_H reports total harvested area dedicated to rice, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in RICE_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RICE_P reports total crop production of rice, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RICE_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area sorghum (in 2000) Harvested area sorghum (in 2000) Harvested area sorghum (in 2000) Harvested area sorghum (in 2000) Harvested area sorghum (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SORGHUM_H reports total harvested area dedicated to sorghum, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in SORGHUM_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SORGHUM_P reports total crop production of sorghum, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SORGHUM_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area soybeans (in 2000) Harvested area soybeans (in 2000) Harvested area soybeans (in 2000) Harvested area soybeans (in 2000) Harvested area soybeans (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SOYBEAN_H reports total harvested area dedicated to soybeans, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in SOYBEAN_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SOYBEAN_P reports total crop production of soybean, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SOYBEAN_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area sugarbeets (in 2000) Harvested area sugarbeets (in 2000) Harvested area sugarbeets (in 2000) Harvested area sugarbeets (in 2000) Harvested area sugarbeets (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUGARBEET_H reports total harvested area dedicated to sugar beets, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in SUGARBEET_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUGARBEET_P reports total crop production of sugar beets, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUGARBEET_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area sugarcane (in 2000) Harvested area sugarcane (in 2000) Harvested area sugarcane (in 2000) Harvested area sugarcane (in 2000) Harvested area sugarcane (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUGARCANE_H reports total harvested area dedicated to sugar cane, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in SUGARCANE_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUGARCANE_P reports total crop production of sugar cane, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUGARCANE_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area sunflowers (in 2000) Harvested area sunflowers (in 2000) Harvested area sunflowers (in 2000) Harvested area sunflowers (in 2000) Harvested area sunflowers (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUNFLOWER_H reports total harvested area dedicated to sunflowers, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in SUNFLOWER_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUNFLOWER_P reports total crop production of sunflowers, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUNFLOWER_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area wheat (in 2000) Harvested area wheat (in 2000) Harvested area wheat (in 2000) Harvested area wheat (in 2000) Harvested area wheat (in 2000) -00000998 Missing WHEAT_H reports total harvested area dedicated to wheat, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in WHEAT_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable WHEAT_P reports total crop production of wheat, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. WHEAT_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Harvested area rye (in 2000) Harvested area rye (in 2000) Harvested area rye (in 2000) Harvested area rye (in 2000) Harvested area rye (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RYE_H reports total harvested area dedicated to rye, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilometer buffer around each DHS cluster location. The harvested area statistics reported in RYE_H are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RYE_P reports total crop production of rye, expressed in metric tons and measured in the year 2000, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RYE_H, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total barley production (in 2000) Total barley production (in 2000) Total barley production (in 2000) Total barley production (in 2000) Total barley production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing BARLEY_P reports the total crop production of barley, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in BARLEY_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable BARLEY_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to barley, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. BARLEY_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total cassava production (in 2000) Total cassava production (in 2000) Total cassava production (in 2000) Total cassava production (in 2000) Total cassava production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing CASSAVA_P reports the total crop production of cassava, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in CASSAVA_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable CASSAVA_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to cassava, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. CASSAVA_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total cotton production (in 2000) Total cotton production (in 2000) Total cotton production (in 2000) Total cotton production (in 2000) Total cotton production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing COTTON_P reports the total crop production of cotton, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in COTTON_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable COTTON_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to cotton, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. COTTON_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total groundnut production (in 2000) Total groundnut production (in 2000) Total groundnut production (in 2000) Total groundnut production (in 2000) Total groundnut production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing GROUNDNUT_P reports the total crop production of groundnuts, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in GROUNDNUT_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable GROUNDNUT_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to groundnuts, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. GROUNDNUT_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total maize production (in 2000) Total maize production (in 2000) Total maize production (in 2000) Total maize production (in 2000) Total maize production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing MAIZE_P reports the total crop production of maize, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in MAIZE_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable MAIZE_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to maize, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. MAIZE_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total millet production (in 2000) Total millet production (in 2000) Total millet production (in 2000) Total millet production (in 2000) Total millet production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing MILLET_P reports the total crop production of millet, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in MILLET_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable MILLET_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to millet, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. MILLET_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total oilpalm production (in 2000) Total oilpalm production (in 2000) Total oilpalm production (in 2000) Total oilpalm production (in 2000) Total oilpalm production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing OILPALM_P reports the total crop production of oil palm, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in OILPALM_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable OILPALM_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to oil palm, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. OILPALM_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total potato production (in 2000) Total potato production (in 2000) Total potato production (in 2000) Total potato production (in 2000) Total potato production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing POTATO_P reports the total crop production of potatoes, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in POTATO_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable POTATO_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to potatoes, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. POTATO_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total rapeseed production (in 2000) Total rapeseed production (in 2000) Total rapeseed production (in 2000) Total rapeseed production (in 2000) Total rapeseed production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RAPESEED_P reports the total crop production of rapeseed, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in RAPESEED_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RAPESEED_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to rapeseed, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RAPESEED_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total rice production (in 2000) Total rice production (in 2000) Total rice production (in 2000) Total rice production (in 2000) Total rice production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RICE_P reports the total crop production of rice, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in RICE_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RICE_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to rice, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RICE_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total sorghum production (in 2000) Total sorghum production (in 2000) Total sorghum production (in 2000) Total sorghum production (in 2000) Total sorghum production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SORGHUM_P reports the total crop production of sorghum, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in SORGHUM_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SORGHUM_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to sorghum, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SORGHUM_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total soybean production (in 2000) Total soybean production (in 2000) Total soybean production (in 2000) Total soybean production (in 2000) Total soybean production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SOYBEAN_P reports the total crop production of soybeans, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in SOYBEAN_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SOYBEAN_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to soybeans, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SOYBEAN_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total sugarbeet production (in 2000) Total sugarbeet production (in 2000) Total sugarbeet production (in 2000) Total sugarbeet production (in 2000) Total sugarbeet production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUGARBEET_P reports the total crop production of sugar beets, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in SUGARBEET_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUGARBEET_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to sugar beets, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUGARBEET_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total sugarcane production (in 2000) Total sugarcane production (in 2000) Total sugarcane production (in 2000) Total sugarcane production (in 2000) Total sugarcane production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUGARCANE_P reports the total crop production of sugar cane, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in SUGARCANE_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUGARCANE_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to sugar cane, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUGARCANE_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total sunflower production (in 2000) Total sunflower production (in 2000) Total sunflower production (in 2000) Total sunflower production (in 2000) Total sunflower production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing SUNFLOWER_P reports the total crop production of sunflowers, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in SUNFLOWER_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable SUNFLOWER_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to sunflowers, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. SUNFLOWER_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total wheat production (in 2000) Total wheat production (in 2000) Total wheat production (in 2000) Total wheat production (in 2000) Total wheat production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing WHEAT_P reports the total crop production of wheat, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in WHEAT_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable WHEAT_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to wheat, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. WHEAT_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS Total rye production (in 2000) Total rye production (in 2000) Total rye production (in 2000) Total rye production (in 2000) Total rye production (in 2000) -00000998 Missing RYE_P reports the total crop production of rye, expressed in metric tons, within a 10-kilometer circular buffer around each DHS cluster location. The crop production statistics reported in RYE_P are based on agricultural censuses and remotely sensed imagery circa 2000. The related variable RYE_H reports the total harvested area dedicated to rye, expressed in hectares, within a 10-kilmeter buffer around each DHS cluster location, as measured in the year 2000. For some samples, some or all clusters have values of 0 only for the harvested area devoted to a particular crop. A value of zero indicates that the crop is not grown in this place, or is grown in too miniscule amounts to track, due to custom or unsuitable climatic conditions. For example, almost no area in Canada is devoted to growing pineapples. RYE_P, like the other IPUMS-DHS contextual variables, is calculated and based on sources external to the DHS data. For more information on IPUMS-DHS contextual variables and how they are constructed, refer to the documentation [URL omitted from DDI.] on these variables. IPUMS