<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<codeBook version="1.2.2" ID="KEN_2018_VCCR_v01_M" xml-lang="en" xmlns="http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/DDI" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/DDI http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/DDI/Version1-2-2.xsd">
<docDscr>
  <citation>
    <titlStmt>
      <IDNo>DDI_KEN_2018_VCCR_v01_M_WB</IDNo>
    </titlStmt>
    <prodStmt>
      <producer abbr="DECDG" affiliation="World Bank" role="Documentation of the study">Development Economics Data Group</producer>
      <prodDate date="2020-11-20">2020-11-20</prodDate>
      <software version="v5">NADA</software>
    </prodStmt>
    <verStmt>
      <version>Version 01 (November 2020)</version>
    </verStmt>
  </citation>
</docDscr>
<stdyDscr>
  <citation>
    <titlStmt>
      <titl>Verification of Crowdsourced Crash Reports Survey 2018</titl>
      <subTitl/>
      <altTitl>VCCR 2018</altTitl>
      <parTitl/>
      <IDNo>KEN_2018_VCCR_v01_M</IDNo>
    </titlStmt>
    <rspStmt>
      <AuthEnty affiliation="">World Bank Group</AuthEnty>
    </rspStmt>
    <prodStmt>
      <copyright/>
      <software version="5.0" date="2021-12-27">NADA</software>
      <grantNo/>
    </prodStmt>
    <distStmt>
      <contact affiliation="World Bank" URI="" email="rmarty@worldbank.org">Robert Marty</contact>
      <depDate date=""/>
      <distDate date=""/>
    </distStmt>
    <serStmt>
      <serName/>
      <serInfo/>
    </serStmt>
    <verStmt>
      <version date="">- v01</version>
      <verResp/>
      <notes/>
    </verStmt>
    <biblCit format=""/>
    <notes/>
  </citation>
  <stdyInfo>
    <studyBudget/>
    <subject>
    </subject>
    <abstract>The purpose of the 2018 Verification of Crowdsourced Crash Reports survey is to physically verify road traffic crash (RTC) reports that were reported by bystanders in Nairobi, Kenya using Twitter/Ma3Route. Ma3Route is a mobile/web/SMS platform that crowdsources transport data and provides users with information on traffic, RTCs, matatu directions and driving reports. Users post RTC or traffic information to Ma3Route, where Ma3Route then publishes the post on Twitter. In this survey, we sought to verify the accuracy of crowdsourced information as a source of RTC data.</abstract>
    <sumDscr>
      <collDate date="2018-07-21" event="start" cycle=""/>
      <collDate date="2018-09-01" event="end" cycle=""/>
      <nation abbr="KEN">Kenya</nation>
      <geogCover>Crowdsourced road traffic crash (RTC) reports were verified in Nairobi, Kenya</geogCover>
      <geogUnit/>
      <anlyUnit>Road traffic crash reports</anlyUnit>
      <universe>Road traffic crash reports in Nairobi, Kenya</universe>
      <dataKind>--</dataKind>
    </sumDscr>
    <!-- qualityStatement - ddi2.5 - complex type
     
     This structure consists of two parts, standardsCompliance and otherQualityStatements. 
     In standardsCompliance list all specific standards complied with during the execution of this 
     study. Note the standard name and producer and how the study complied with the standard. 
     Enter any additional quality statements in otherQualityStatements.
     
     -->
    <qualityStatement>
      <standardsCompliance>
        <standard>
          <standardName/>
          <producer/>
        </standard>
        <complianceDescription/>
      </standardsCompliance>
      <otherQualityStatement/>
    </qualityStatement>
    <notes/>
    <!-- exPostEvaluation ddi2.5
      Use this section to describe evaluation procedures not address in data evaluation processes. 
      These may include issues such as timing of the study, sequencing issues, cost/budget issues, 
      relevance, instituional or legal arrangments etc. of the study. 
      
      The completionDate attribute holds the date the evaluation was completed. 
      The type attribute is an optional type to identify the type of evaluation with or without 
      the use of a controlled vocabulary.
    -->
    <exPostEvaluation completionDate="" type="">
      <evaluationProcess/>
      <outcomes/>
    </exPostEvaluation>
  </stdyInfo>
  <method>
    <dataColl>
      <timeMeth/>
      <dataCollector abbr="" affiliation="">Sendy Ltd</dataCollector>
      <!-- collectorTraining - DDI2.5
        
        Collector Training

        Describes the training provided to data collectors including internviewer training, process testing, 
        compliance with standards etc. This is repeatable for language and to capture different aspects of the 
        training process. The type attribute allows specification of the type of training being described.
        
        -->
      <collectorTraining type=""/>
      <frequenc/>
      <sampProc/>
      <sampleFrame>
        <sampleFrameName/>
        <custodian/>
        <universe/>
        <frameUnit isPrimary="">
          <unitType numberOfUnits=""/>
        </frameUnit>
        <updateProcedure/>
      </sampleFrame>
      <deviat/>
      <collMode>Other [oth]</collMode>
      <resInstru/>
      <!-- instrumentDevelopment - DDI2.5             
        Describe any development work on the data collection instrument. Type attribute allows for the optional use of a defined development type with or without use of a controlled vocabulary.
        -->
      <instrumentDevelopment type=""/>
      <collSitu>The process by which data for the 2018 Verification of Crowdsourced Crash Reports Survey was collected is decribed below:

1. An algorithm scraped tweets from @Ma3Route in real time and used a machine learning algorithm to detect RTC related tweets. When the algorithm detected a RTC tweet, the tweet was sent to a field coordinator for the project. The field coordinator for the project confirmed whether the tweet reported a crash with sufficient location information and, if so, made a request on the Sendy Ltd platform for a driver to go to the RTC location. Sendy Ltd is a Kenyan on-demand logistics startup that offers a marketplace for deliveries and logistics services using a mobile application that connects clients to motorcycle riders and vehicles. 
2. Sendy drivers that were a part of this survey (15 drivers) were alerted of the request. A Sendy driver could choose to accept the request, then would travel to the location.
3. Once a Sendy driver arrived at the RTC location, they filled out a short survey verifying the RTC—if there was no RTC nearby, they were instructed to ask a passer-by if one occurred recently. Sendy drivers were instructed to not go near the crash, and to not interfere with any first responders.</collSitu>
      <actMin/>
      <ConOps/>
      <weight/>
      <cleanOps/>
    </dataColl>
    <notes/>
    <anlyInfo>
      <respRate/>
      <EstSmpErr/>
      <dataAppr/>
    </anlyInfo>
    <stdyClas/>
    <dataProcessing type=""/>
    <codingInstructions relatedProcesses="" type="">
      <txt/>
      <command formalLanguage=""/>
    </codingInstructions>
  </method>
  <dataAccs>
    <setAvail>
      <accsPlac URI=""/>
      <origArch/>
      <avlStatus/>
      <collSize/>
      <complete/>
      <fileQnty/>
      <notes/>
    </setAvail>
    <useStmt>
      <confDec required="yes" formNo="" URI="">Users of the data agree to keep confidential all data contained in these datasets and to make no attempt to identify, trace or contact any individual whose data is included in these datasets.</confDec>
      <restrctn/>
      <citReq>Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download

Example,

World Bank Group. Kenya - Verification of Crowdsourced Crash Reports (VCCR) Survey 2018. Ref. KEN_2018_VCCR_v01_M. Dataset downloaded from [url] on [date].</citReq>
      <deposReq/>
      <conditions>Licensed access</conditions>
      <disclaimer>The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.</disclaimer>
    </useStmt>
    <notes/>
  </dataAccs>
  <notes/>
</stdyDscr>
<fileDscr ID="F1">
  <fileTxt>
    <fileName>crash_verification</fileName>
    <fileCont></fileCont>
    <dimensns>
      <caseQnty>73</caseQnty>
      <varQnty>4</varQnty>
    </dimensns>
    <dataChck></dataChck>
    <dataMsng></dataMsng>
    <verStmt>
      <version></version>
    </verStmt>
  </fileTxt>
  <notes></notes>
</fileDscr>
<dataDscr>
<var ID="V1" name="observe_crash" files="F1" intrvl="discrete">
  <labl>Do you observe a crash at the specified location?</labl>
  <imputation>Do you observe a crash at the specified location?</imputation>
  <security>Do you observe a crash at the specified location?</security>
  <embargo>Do you observe a crash at the specified location?</embargo>
  <respUnit>Do you observe a crash at the specified location?</respUnit>
  <qstn>
    <qstnLit>Do you observe a crash at the specified location?</qstnLit>
    <postQTxt>If No, go to next question.</postQTxt>
  </qstn>
  <sumStat type="vald">73</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd"/>
  <catgry>
    <labl>No</labl>
    <catStat type="vald"/>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>1</catValu>
    <labl>Yes</labl>
    <catStat type="invd"/>
  </catgry>
  <varFormat type="numeric"/>
</var>
<var ID="V2" name="why_no_crash" files="F1" intrvl="discrete">
  <labl>Why is there no crash?</labl>
  <imputation>Why is there no crash?</imputation>
  <security>Why is there no crash?</security>
  <embargo>Why is there no crash?</embargo>
  <respUnit>Why is there no crash?</respUnit>
  <qstn>
    <qstnLit>Why is there no crash?</qstnLit>
  </qstn>
  <sumStat type="vald">49</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd">24</sumStat>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>1</catValu>
    <labl>Crash Cleared</labl>
    <catStat type="vald"/>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>2</catValu>
    <labl>Never a Crash</labl>
    <catStat type="invd"/>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>3</catValu>
    <labl>Cannot Reach</labl>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>4</catValu>
    <labl>Crash Nearby</labl>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>5</catValu>
    <labl>Other</labl>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>Sysmiss</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <varFormat type="numeric"/>
</var>
<var ID="V3" name="datetime_tweet" files="F1" intrvl="contin">
  <labl>Date/time of tweet (East Africa time)</labl>
  <imputation>Date/time of tweet (East Africa time)</imputation>
  <security>Date/time of tweet (East Africa time)</security>
  <embargo>Date/time of tweet (East Africa time)</embargo>
  <respUnit>Date/time of tweet (East Africa time)</respUnit>
  <qstn>
    <qstnLit>Date/time of tweet (East Africa time)</qstnLit>
  </qstn>
  <sumStat type="vald">73</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd"/>
  <sumStat type="min">1847793509000</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="max">1851412044000</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="mean">1849372936041.1</sumStat>
  <varFormat type="numeric"/>
</var>
<var ID="V4" name="suggested_landmark" files="F1" intrvl="discrete">
  <labl>Suggested landmark to travel to, provided by algorithm</labl>
  <imputation>Suggested landmark to travel to, provided by algorithm</imputation>
  <security>Suggested landmark to travel to, provided by algorithm</security>
  <embargo>Suggested landmark to travel to, provided by algorithm</embargo>
  <respUnit>Suggested landmark to travel to, provided by algorithm</respUnit>
  <qstn>
    <qstnLit>Suggested landmark to travel to, provided by algorithm</qstnLit>
  </qstn>
  <sumStat type="vald">73</sumStat>
  <sumStat type="invd"/>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>NO LANDMARK</catValu>
    <catStat type="vald"/>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>airport junction</catValu>
    <catStat type="invd"/>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>airtel</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>allsops</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>alsops</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>avic</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>bangladesh</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>belle vue</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>cabanas</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>capital centre</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>city cabanas</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>commercial</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>foot bridge</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>gari</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>gateway mall</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>general motors</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>gigiri</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>githurai</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>gm</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>gsu</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>hamza</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>hilton garden</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>hilton garden inn</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>imara daima</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>integrity centre</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>james gicuru</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>kangemi</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>kapa</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>karura forest</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>kibera</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>koja roundabout</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>langata</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>libra house</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>mathare hospital</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>mombasa cement</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>muthaiga square</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>muthangari</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>nairobi school</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>outering</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>panari hotel</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>panari sky</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>pangani</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>prison</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>roysambu</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>sabaki</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>sacco</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>safaricom</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>standard</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>stella</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>uchumi</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>uhuru</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>utalii</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>utawala</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <catgry>
    <catValu>valley</catValu>
  </catgry>
  <varFormat type="character"/>
</var>
</dataDscr></codeBook>
