DDI_WLD_1990_SYSQ_v02_M 2011-04-07 NADA DDI Document - Version 02 - (04/27/21) This version is identical to DDI_WLD_1990_SYSQ_v01_M but country field has been updated to capture all the countries covered by survey. Version 01 (April 2011) International Measures of Schooling Years and Schooling Quality 1960-1990 SYSQ 1960-1990 WLD_1990_SYSQ_v01_M Jong-Wha Lee and Robert J. Barro NADA Development Research Group Afghanistan Angola Albania United Arab Emirates Argentina Australia Austria Burundi Belgium Benin Burkina Faso Bulgaria Bahrain Bahamas, The Bolivia Brazil Barbados Botswana Canada Switzerland Chile China Cameroon Congo, Dem. Rep. Congo, Rep. Colombia Comoros Cabo Verde Costa Rica Cuba Cyprus Germany Germany Dominica Denmark Algeria Ecuador Egypt, Arab Rep. Spain Ethiopia Finland Fiji France Gabon United Kingdom Ghana Guinea Gambia, The Guinea-Bissau Greece Grenada Guatemala Guyana Hong Kong SAR, China Honduras Haiti Hungary Indonesia India Ireland Iran, Islamic Rep. Iraq Iceland Israel Italy Jamaica Jordan Japan Kenya Kuwait Liberia Sri Lanka Lesotho Luxembourg Morocco Madagascar Mexico Mali Malta Myanmar Mozambique Mauritania Mauritius Malawi Malaysia Niger Nigeria Nicaragua Netherlands Norway Nepal New Zealand Oman Pakistan Panama Peru Philippines Papua New Guinea Poland Portugal Paraguay Romania Rwanda Saudi Arabia Sudan Senegal Singapore Solomon Islands Sierra Leone El Salvador Somalia Suriname Sweden Eswatini Seychelles Syrian Arab Republic Chad Togo Thailand Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkiye Taiwan, China Tanzania Uganda Uruguay United States Venezuela, RB Vanuatu Yemen, Rep. South Africa Zambia Zimbabwe Yugoslavia Fed. Rep. Czechoslovakia The data set cobvers the following countries: - Afghanistan - Albania - Algeria - Angola - Argentina - Australia - Austria - Bahamas, The - Bahrain - Bangladesh - Barbados - Belgium - Benin - Bolivia - Botswana - Brazil - Bulgaria - Burkina Faso - Burundi - Cameroon - Canada - Cape verde - Central African Rep. - Chad - Chile - China - Colombia - Comoros - Congo - Costa Rica - Cote d'Ivoire - Cuba - Cyprus - Czechoslovakia - Denmark - Dominica - Dominican Rep. - Ecuador - Egypt - El Salvador - Ethiopia - Fiji - Finland - France - Gabon - Gambia - Germany, East - Germany, West - Ghana - Greece - Grenada - Guatemala - Guinea - Guinea-Bissau - Guyana - Haiti - Honduras - Hong Kong - Hungary - Iceland - India - Indonesia - Iran, I.R. of - Iraq - Ireland - Israel - Italy - Jamaica - Japan - Jordan - Kenya - Korea - Kuwait - Lesotho - Liberia - Luxembourg - Madagascar - Malawi - Malaysia - Mali - Malta - Mauritania - Mauritius - Mexico - Morocco - Mozambique - Myanmar (Burma) - Nepal - Netherlands - New Zealand - Nicaragua - Niger - Nigeria - Norway - Oman - Pakistan - Panama - Papua New Guinea - Paraguay - Peru - Philippines - Poland - Portugal - Romania - Rwanda - Saudi Arabia - Senegal - Seychelles - Sierra Leone - Singapore - Solomon Islands - Somalia - South africa - Spain - Sri Lanka - St.Lucia - St.Vincent & Grens. - Sudan - Suriname - Swaziland - Sweden - Switzerland - Syria - Taiwan - Tanzania - Thailand - Togo - Tonga - Trinidad & Tobago - Tunisia - Turkey - U.S.S.R. - Uganda - United Arab Emirates - United Kingdom - United States - Uruguay - Vanuatu - Venezuela - Western Samoa - Yemen, N.Arab - Yugoslavia - Zaire - Zambia - Zimbabwe SCHOOL1 792 13 SCHOOL2 792 13 SCHOOL3 792 13 SCHOOL4 805 13 SCHOOL5 805 13 SCHOOL6 805 13 QUALITY1 Measures of Schooling Inputs 145 77 QUALITY2 International Test Scores 58 23 Numerical code in Barro-Lee data set and Summers-Heston v.5.0. 792 Numerical code in Barro-Lee data set and Summers-Heston v.5.0. Year 792 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 Percentage of "no schooling" in the total 25+ population 775 17 Percentage of "primary school attained" in the total 25+ pop. 775 17 Percentage of "primary school complete" in the total 25+ pop. 775 17 Percentage of "secondary school attained" in the total 25+ pop. 785 7 Percentage of "secondary school complete" in the total 25+ pop. 785 7 Percentage of "higher school attained" in the total 25+ pop. 792 Percentage of "higher school complete" in the total 25+ pop. 792 Average schooling years in the total 25+ population 775 17 Average years of primary schooling in the total 25+ population 775 17 Average years of secondary schooling in the total 25+ population 785 7 Average years of higher schooling in the total 25+ population 792 Numerical code in Barro-Lee data set and Summers-Heston v.5.0. 792 Numerical code in Barro-Lee data set and Summers-Heston v.5.0. Year 792 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 Percentage of "no schooling" in the male 25+ population 773 19 Percentage of "primary school attained" in the male 25+ pop. 773 19 Percentage of "primary school complete" in the male 25+ pop. 773 19 Percentage of "secondary school attained" in the male 25+ pop. 784 8 Percentage of "secondary school complete" in the male 25+ pop. 784 8 Percentage of "higher school attained" in the male 25+ pop. 792 Percentage of "higher school complete" in the male 25+ pop. 792 Average schooling years in the male 25+ population 773 19 Average years of primary schooling in the male 25+ population 773 19 Average years of secondary schooling in the male 25+ population 784 8 Average years of higher schooling in the male 25+ population 792 Numerical code in Barro-Lee data set and Summers-Heston v.5.0. 792 Numerical code in Barro-Lee data set and Summers-Heston v.5.0. Year 792 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 Percentage of "no schooling" in the female 25+ population 773 19 Percentage of "primary school attained" in the female 25+ pop. 773 19 Percentage of "primary school complete" in the female 25+ pop. 773 19 Percentage of "secondary school attained" in female 25+ pop. 784 8 Percentage of "secondary school complete" in female 25+ pop. 784 8 Percentage of "higher school attained" in female 25+ pop. 792 Percentage of "higher school complete" in female 25+ pop. 792 Average schooling years in the female 25+ population 773 19 Average years of primary schooling in the female 25+ population 773 19 Average years of secondary schooling in the female 25+ population 784 8 Average years of higher schooling in the female 25+ population 792 Numerical code in Barro-Lee data set and Summers-Heston v.5.0. 805 Numerical code in Barro-Lee data set and Summers-Heston v.5.0. Year 805 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 Percentage of "no schooling" in the total 15+ population 779 26 Percentage of "primary school attained" in the total 15+ pop. 778 27 Percentage of "primary school complete" in the total 15+ pop. 778 27 Percentage of "secondary school attained" in the total 15+ pop. 792 13 Percentage of "secondary school complete" in the total 15+ pop. 792 13 Percentage of "higher school attained" in the total 15+ pop. 805 Percentage of "higher school complete" in the total 15+ pop. 805 Average schooling years in the total 15+ population 778 27 Average years of primary schooling in the total 15+ population 778 27 Average years of secondary schooling in the total 15+ population 792 13 Average years of higher schooling in the total 15+ population 805 Numerical code in Barro-Lee data set and Summers-Heston v.5.0. 805 Numerical code in Barro-Lee data set and Summers-Heston v.5.0. Year 805 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 Percentage of "no schooling" in the male 15+ population 776 29 Percentage of "primary school attained" in the male 15+ pop. 776 29 Percentage of "primary school complete" in the male 15+ pop. 776 29 Percentage of "secondary school attained" in the male 15+ pop. 790 15 Percentage of "secondary school complete" in the male 15+ pop. 790 15 Percentage of "higher school attained" in the male 15+ pop. 805 Percentage of "higher school complete" in the male 15+ pop. 805 Average schooling years in the male 15+ population 776 29 Average years of primary schooling in the male 15+ population 776 29 Average years of secondary schooling in the male 15+ population 790 15 Average years of higher schooling in the male 15+ population 805 Numerical code in Barro-Lee data set and Summers-Heston v.5.0. 805 Numerical code in Barro-Lee data set and Summers-Heston v.5.0. Year 805 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 Percentage of "no schooling" in the female 15+ population 776 29 Percentage of "primary school attained" in the female 15+ pop. 776 29 Percentage of "primary school complete" in the female 15+ pop. 776 29 Percentage of "secondary school attained" in female 15+ pop. 790 15 Percentage of "secondary school complete" in female 15+ pop. 790 15 Percentage of "higher school attained" in female 15+ pop. 805 Percentage of "higher school complete" in female 15+ pop. 805 Average schooling years in the female 15+ population 776 29 Average years of primary schooling in the female 15+ population 776 29 Average years of secondary schooling in the female 15+ population 790 15 Average years of higher schooling in the female 15+ population 805 Numerical code in Barro-Lee data set and Summers-Heston v.5.0. 138 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 Sysmiss Country code 143 Country 145 Afghanistan Albania Algeria Angola Argentina Australia Austria Bahamas, The Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belgium Benin Bolivia Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Canada Cape verde Central African Rep. Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Costa Rica Cote d'Ivoire Cuba Cyprus Czechoslovakia Denmark Dominica Dominican Rep. Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Germany, East Germany, West Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran, I.R. of Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kenya Korea Kuwait Lesotho Liberia Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Morocco Mozambique Myanmar (Burma) Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Norway Oman Pakistan Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Romania Rwanda Saudi Arabia Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Solomon Islands Somalia South africa Spain Sri Lanka St.Lucia St.Vincent & Grens. Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syria Taiwan Tanzania Thailand Togo Tonga Trinidad & Tobago Tunisia Turkey U.S.S.R. Uganda United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States Uruguay Vanuatu Venezuela Western Samoa Yemen, N.Arab Yugoslavia Zaire Zambia Zimbabwe Pupil-teacher ratio at primary school 1960 132 13 Pupil-teacher ratio at primary school 1065 138 7 Pupil-teacher ratio at primary school 1970 139 6 Pupil-teacher ratio at primary school 1975 142 3 Pupil-teacher ratio at primary school 1980 143 2 Pupil-teacher ratio at primary school 1985 144 1 Pupil-teacher ratio at primary school 1990 138 7 Pupil-teacher ratio at secondary school 1960 123 22 Pupil-teacher ratio at secondary school 1965 132 13 Pupil-teacher ratio at secondary school 1970 133 12 Pupil-teacher ratio at secondary school 1975 134 11 Pupil-teacher ratio at secondary school 1980 129 16 Pupil-teacher ratio at secondary school 1985 131 14 Pupil-teacher ratio at secondary school 1990 124 21 Real government current educational expenditure per pupil at primary school 1960 68 77 In PPP-adjusted 1985 international dollars. Real government current educational expenditure per pupil at primary school 1965 93 52 In PPP-adjusted 1985 international dollars. Real government current educational expenditure per pupil at primary school 1970 94 51 In PPP-adjusted 1985 international dollars. Real government current educational expenditure per pupil at primary school 1975 96 49 In PPP-adjusted 1985 international dollars. Real government current educational expenditure per pupil at primary school 1980 102 43 In PPP-adjusted 1985 international dollars. Real government current educational expenditure per pupil at primary school 1985 92 53 In PPP-adjusted 1985 international dollars. Real government current educational expenditure per pupil at primary school 1990 87 58 In PPP-adjusted 1985 international dollars. Real government current educational expenditure per pupil at secondary school 1960 68 77 In PPP-adjusted 1985 international dollars. Real government current educational expenditure per pupil at secondary school 1965 86 59 In PPP-adjusted 1985 international dollars. Real government current educational expenditure per pupil at secondary school 1970 92 53 In PPP-adjusted 1985 international dollars. Real government current educational expenditure per pupil at secondary school 1975 90 55 In PPP-adjusted 1985 international dollars. Real government current educational expenditure per pupil at secondary school 1980 98 47 In PPP-adjusted 1985 international dollars. Real government current educational expenditure per pupil at secondary school 1985 84 61 In PPP-adjusted 1985 international dollars. Real government current educational expenditure per pupil at secondary school 1990 78 67 In PPP-adjusted 1985 international dollars. Ratio of GEEPRI to real per capita GDP (in percentage) 1960 68 77 Ratio of GEEPRI to real per capita GDP (in percentage) 1965 93 52 Ratio of GEEPRI to real per capita GDP (in percentage) 1970 93 52 Ratio of GEEPRI to real per capita GDP (in percentage) 1975 96 49 Ratio of GEEPRI to real per capita GDP (in percentage) 1980 102 43 Ratio of GEEPRI to real per capita GDP (in percentage) 1985 91 54 Ratio of GEEPRI to real per capita GDP (in percentage) 1990 81 64 Ratio of GEESEC to real per capita GDP (in percentage) 1960 68 77 Ratio of GEESEC to real per capita GDP (in percentage) 1965 85 60 Ratio of GEESEC to real per capita GDP (in percentage) 1970 91 54 Ratio of GEESEC to real per capita GDP (in percentage) 1975 90 55 Ratio of GEESEC to real per capita GDP (in percentage) 1980 98 47 Ratio of GEESEC to real per capita GDP (in percentage) 1985 83 62 Ratio of GEESEC to real per capita GDP (in percentage) 1990 78 67 Repetition rate at primary school (in percentage) 1965 74 71 Repetition rate at primary school (in percentage) 1970 95 50 Repetition rate at primary school (in percentage) 1975 113 32 Repetition rate at primary school (in percentage) 1980 125 20 Repetition rate at primary school (in percentage) 1985 123 22 Repetition rate at primary school (in percentage) 1990 122 23 Repetition rate at secondary school (in percentage) 1970 63 82 Repetition rate at secondary school (in percentage) 1975 78 67 Repetition rate at secondary school (in percentage) 1980 89 56 Repetition rate at secondary school (in percentage) 1985 99 46 Repetition rate at secondary school (in percentage) 1990 94 51 Number of school days per year at primary school Missing values are filled in by regional averages. 142 3 Number of school hours per year at primary school 80 65 Average real salary of primary school teachers 1960 68 77 PPP-adjusted 1985 international dollars Average real salary of primary school teachers 1965 87 58 PPP-adjusted 1985 international dollars Average real salary of primary school teachers 1970 90 55 PPP-adjusted 1985 international dollars Average real salary of primary school teachers 1975 88 57 PPP-adjusted 1985 international dollars Average real salary of primary school teachers 1980 92 53 PPP-adjusted 1985 international dollars Average real salary of primary school teachers 1985 83 62 PPP-adjusted 1985 international dollars Average real salary of primary school teachers 1990 76 69 PPP-adjusted 1985 international dollars Ratio of SALARP to real per capita GDP (in percentage) 1960 68 77 Ratio of SALARP to real per capita GDP (in percentage) 1965 86 59 Ratio of SALARP to real per capita GDP (in percentage) 1970 88 57 Ratio of SALARP to real per capita GDP (in percentage) 1975 88 57 Ratio of SALARP to real per capita GDP (in percentage) 1980 92 53 Ratio of SALARP to real per capita GDP (in percentage) 1985 82 63 Ratio of SALARP to real per capita GDP (in percentage) 1990 65 80 Drop-out rate at primary school (in percentage) 1970 122 23 Drop-out rate at primary school (in percentage) 1975 122 23 Drop-out rate at primary school (in percentage) 1980 122 23 Drop-out rate at primary school (in percentage) 1985 125 20 Drop-out rate at primary school (in percentage) 1990 129 16 Numerical code in Barro-Lee data set and Summers-Heston v.5.0. 51 7 Country 58 Australia Austria Belgium Botswana Brazil Bulgaria Canada Chile China Colombia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran, I.R. of Ireland Israel Italy Japan Jordan Korea Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malawi Mozambique Netherlands New Zealand Nigeria Norway Philippines Poland Portugal Romania Russian Federation Singapore Slovak Republic South Africa Spain Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Taiwan Thailand Trinidad & Tobago United Kingdom United States Venezuela Yugoslavia Zimbabwe Math. 1964 Age of pupils: 13 11 47 Math. 1964 Age of pupils: FS 11 47 Math. 1982-83 Age of pupils: 13 17 41 Math. 1982-83 Age of pupils: FS 12 46 Math. 1988 Age of pupils: 13 6 52 Math. 1990-91 Age of pupils: 10 13 45 Math. 1990-91 Age of pupils: 14 19 39 Math. 1993-98 Age of pupils: 13 37 21 Science 1970-72 Age of pupils: 10 14 44 Science 1970-72 Age of pupils: 14 16 42 Science 1970-72 Age of pupils: FS 16 42 Science 1984 Age of pupils: 10 15 43 Science 1984 Age of pupils: 13 17 41 Science 1984 Age of pupils: FS 13 45 Science 1988 Age of pupils: 13 6 52 Science 1990-91 Age of pupils: 9 13 45 Science 1990-91 Age of pupils: 13 18 40 Science 1993-98 Age of pupils: 13 37 21 Reading 1970-72 Age of pupils: 13 12 46 Reading 1990-91 Age of pupils: 9 26 32 Reading 1990-91 Age of pupils: 13 31 27