DDI_NGA_2001_AFB-R1.5_v01_M Development Economics Data Group 2021-04-23 NADA Version 01 (April 2021) Afrobarometer Survey 2001 Round 1.5 AFB-R1.5 2001 NGA_2001_AFB-R1.5_v01_M Ghana Centre for Democratic Development (CDD) Institute for Justice and Reconciliation in South Africa (IJR) Institute for Empirical Research in Political Economy (IREEP) Institute for Development Studies (IDS) Michigan State University (MSU) University of Cape Town (UCT, South Africa) NADA Department for International Development Swedish Internation Development Cooperation Agency United States Agency for International Development World Bank Group For general inquiries For general inquiries For data Other Household Survey [hh/oth] Afrobarometer collects and disseminates information regarding Africans’ views on democracy, governance, economic reform, civil society, and quality of life. Round 1 surveys were conducted between 1999 and 2001. At that time, the project covered seven countries in Southern Africa (Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe), three countries in West Africa (Ghana, Nigeria and Mali) and two in East Africa (Uganda and Tanzania). Round 1.5 surveys were conducted between 2001 and 2002 in two countries (Namibia and Nigeria). Version 01: Edited, anonymized dataset for public distribution conflict, security and peace [4.1] domestic political issues [4.2] government, political systems and organisations [4.4] mass political behaviour, attitudes/opinion [4.6] political ideology [4.7] business/industrial management and organisation [2.2] mass media [7.4] social exclusion [12.9] cultural activities and participation [13.2] cultural and national identity [13.3] religion and values [13.5] social behaviour and attitudes [13.6] social change [13.7] social conditions and indicators [13.8] The Afrobarometer is a comparative series of public attitude surveys that assess African citizen's attitudes to democracy and governance, markets, and civil society, among other topics. The initial (Round 1) survey covered 7 countries. Nigeria National coverage The lowest level of geographic aggregation covered by the data is district. Individual The sample universe for Afrobarometer surveys includes all citizens of voting age within the country. In other words, we exclude anyone who is not a citizen and anyone who has not attained this age (usually 18 years) on the day of the survey. Also excluded are areas determined to be either inaccessible or not relevant to the study, such as those experiencing armed conflict or natural disasters, as well as national parks and game reserves. As a matter of practice, we have also excluded people living in institutionalized settings, such as students in dormitories and persons in prisons or nursing homes. Sample survey data [ssd] Each Afrobarometer survey collects data about individual attitudes and behavior, including innovative indicators especially relevant to developing societies. This includes the following topics: • Democracy - Popular understanding of, support for, and satisfaction with democracy, as well as any desire to return to, or experiment with, authoritarian alternatives. • Governance - The demand for, and satisfaction with, effective, accountable and clean government; judgments of overall governance performance and social service delivery. • Livelihoods - How do African families survive? What variety of formal and informal means do they use to gain access to food, shelter, water, health, employment and money? • Macro-economics and markets - Citizen understandings of market principles and market reforms and their assessments of economic conditions and government performance at economic management. • Social capital - Whom do people trust? To what extent do they rely on informal networks and associations? What are their evaluations of the trustworthiness of various institutions? • Conflict and crime - How safe do people feel? What has been their experience with crime and violence? • Participation - The extent to which ordinary people join in development efforts, comply with the laws of the land, vote in elections, contact elected representatives, and engage in protest. The quality of electoral representation. • National identity - How do people see themselves in relation to ethnic and class identities? Does a shared sense of national identity exist? Afrobarometer uses national probability samples designed to meet the following criteria. Samples are designed to generate a sample that is a representative cross-section of all citizens of voting age in a given country. The goal is to give every adult citizen an equal and known chance of being selected for an interview. They achieve this by: • using random selection methods at every stage of sampling; • sampling at all stages with probability proportionate to population size wherever possible to ensure that larger (i.e., more populated) geographic units have a proportionally greater probability of being chosen into the sample. The sampling universe normally includes all citizens age 18 and older. As a standard practice, we exclude people living in institutionalized settings, such as students in dormitories, patients in hospitals, and persons in prisons or nursing homes. Occasionally, we must also exclude people living in areas determined to be inaccessible due to conflict or insecurity. Any such exclusion is noted in the technical information report (TIR) that accompanies each data set. Sample size and design Samples usually include either 1,200 or 2,400 cases. A randomly selected sample of n=1200 cases allows inferences to national adult populations with a margin of sampling error of no more than +/-2.8% with a confidence level of 95 percent. With a sample size of n=2400, the margin of error decreases to +/-2.0% at 95 percent confidence level. The sample design is a clustered, stratified, multi-stage, area probability sample. Specifically, we first stratify the sample according to the main sub-national unit of government (state, province, region, etc.) and by urban or rural location. Area stratification reduces the likelihood that distinctive ethnic or language groups are left out of the sample. Afrobarometer occasionally purposely oversamples certain populations that are politically significant within a country to ensure that the size of the sub-sample is large enough to be analysed. Any oversamples is noted in the TIR. Sample stages Samples are drawn in either four or five stages: Stage 1: In rural areas only, the first stage is to draw secondary sampling units (SSUs). SSUs are not used in urban areas, and in some countries they are not used in rural areas. See the TIR that accompanies each data set for specific details on the sample in any given country. Stage 2: We randomly select primary sampling units (PSU). Stage 3: We then randomly select sampling start points. Stage 4: Interviewers then randomly select households. Stage 5: Within the household, the interviewer randomly selects an individual respondent. Each interviewer alternates in each household between interviewing a man and interviewing a woman to ensure gender balance in the sample. To keep the costs and logistics of fieldwork within manageable limits, eight interviews are clustered within each selected PSU. Face-to-face [f2f] The questionnaire consists of three parts: 1. Part 1 captures the steps for selecting households and respondents, and includes the introduction to the respondent. This section should be filled in by the Fieldworker. 2. Part 2 covers the core attitudinal and demographic questions that are asked by the Fieldworker and answered by the Respondent. 3. Part 3 includes contextual questions about the setting and atmosphere of the interview, and collects information on the Fieldworker. This section is completed by the Fieldworker. Data weights For some national surveys, data are weighted to correct for over or under-sampling or for household size. "Withinwt" should be turned on for all national -level descriptive statistics in countries that contain this weighting variable. It is included as the last variable in the data set, with details described in the codebook. For merged data sets, "Combinwt" should be turned on for cross-national comparisons of descriptive statistics. Note: this weighting variable standardizes each national sample as if it were equal in size. Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include: - the Identification of the Primary Investigator - the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation) - the survey reference number - the source and date of download Example: Afrobarometer Data, [Country(ies)], [Round(s)], [Year(s)], available at http://www.afrobarometer.org. Public use files, available to all The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses. nig_r1-5_data.sav Afrobarometer round 1.5 survey data 2210 329 respno respno respno respno respno 2210 1 3244 Sequential serial number Sequential serial number Sequential serial number Sequential serial number Sequential serial number 2210 1 2210 Household back-checked? Household back-checked? Household back-checked? Household back-checked? Household back-checked? Household back-checked? 2210 1 2 1 Yes 2 No Urban or Rural Primary Sampling Unit Urban or Rural Primary Sampling Unit Urban or Rural Primary Sampling Unit Urban or Rural Primary Sampling Unit Urban or Rural Primary Sampling Unit PSU 2210 1 2 1 Urban 2 Rural State State State State State State 2210 1 29 1 Lagos 2 Ogun 3 Ondo 4 Oyo 5 Ekiti 6 Osun 7 Delta 8 Edo 9 Rivers 10 Bayelsa 11 Abia 12 Anambra 13 Enugu 14 Akwa-Ibom 15 Plateau 16 FCT 17 Katsina 18 Kaduna 19 Kano 20 Sokoto 21 Zamfara 22 Kwara 23 Cross River 24 Kogi 25 Niger 26 Adamawa 27 Bauchi 28 Borno 29 Benue Geopolitical Region Geopolitical Region Geopolitical Region Geopolitical Region Geopolitical Region Region 2210 400 406 400 Lagos 401 South West 402 South East 403 South South 404 North West 405 North East 406 North Central Unsuccessful call - Reasons for Substitution of Househould 1 Unsuccessful call - Reasons for Substitution of Househould 1 Unsuccessful call - Reasons for Substitution of Househould 1 Unsuccessful call - Reasons for Substitution of Househould 1 Unsuccessful call - Reasons for Substitution of Househould 1 Reasons for Substitution – Household 1 2210 1 997 -1 Missing data 1 Refused to be interviewed 2 Person selected was never at home 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 4 Deaf/Spoke only a foreign language 5 Did not fit gender quota 6 Other 997 Not applicable Unsuccessful call - Reasons for Substitution of Househould 2 Unsuccessful call - Reasons for Substitution of Househould 2 Unsuccessful call - Reasons for Substitution of Househould 2 Unsuccessful call - Reasons for Substitution of Househould 2 Unsuccessful call - Reasons for Substitution of Househould 2 Reasons for Substitution – Household 2 2210 1 997 -1 Missing data 1 Refused to be interviewed 2 Person selected was never at home 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 4 Deaf/Spoke only a foreign language 5 Did not fit gender quota 6 Other 997 Not applicable Unsuccessful call - Reasons for Substitution of Househould 3 Unsuccessful call - Reasons for Substitution of Househould 3 Unsuccessful call - Reasons for Substitution of Househould 3 Unsuccessful call - Reasons for Substitution of Househould 3 Unsuccessful call - Reasons for Substitution of Househould 3 Reasons for Substitution – Household 3 2210 1 997 -1 Missing data 1 Refused to be interviewed 2 Person selected was never at home 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 4 Deaf/Spoke only a foreign language 5 Did not fit gender quota 6 Other 997 Not applicable Unsuccessful call - Reasons for Substitution of Househould 4 Unsuccessful call - Reasons for Substitution of Househould 4 Unsuccessful call - Reasons for Substitution of Househould 4 Unsuccessful call - Reasons for Substitution of Househould 4 Unsuccessful call - Reasons for Substitution of Househould 4 Reasons for Substitution – Household 4 2210 1 997 -1 Missing data 1 Refused to be interviewed 2 Person selected was never at home 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 4 Deaf/Spoke only a foreign language 5 Did not fit gender quota 6 Other 997 Not applicable Unsuccessful call - Reasons for Substitution of Househould 5 Unsuccessful call - Reasons for Substitution of Househould 5 Unsuccessful call - Reasons for Substitution of Househould 5 Unsuccessful call - Reasons for Substitution of Househould 5 Unsuccessful call - Reasons for Substitution of Househould 5 Reasons for Substitution – Household 5 2210 1 997 -1 Missing data 1 Refused to be interviewed 2 Person selected was never at home 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 4 Deaf/Spoke only a foreign language 5 Did not fit gender quota 6 Other 997 Not applicable Unsuccessful call - Reasons for Substitution of Househould 6 Unsuccessful call - Reasons for Substitution of Househould 6 Unsuccessful call - Reasons for Substitution of Househould 6 Unsuccessful call - Reasons for Substitution of Househould 6 Unsuccessful call - Reasons for Substitution of Househould 6 Reasons for Substitution – Household 6 2210 1 997 -1 Missing data 1 Refused to be interviewed 2 Person selected was never at home 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 4 Deaf/Spoke only a foreign language 5 Did not fit gender quota 6 Other 997 Not applicable Unsuccessful call - Reasons for Substitution of Househould 7 Unsuccessful call - Reasons for Substitution of Househould 7 Unsuccessful call - Reasons for Substitution of Househould 7 Unsuccessful call - Reasons for Substitution of Househould 7 Unsuccessful call - Reasons for Substitution of Househould 7 Reasons for Substitution – Household 7 2210 1 997 -1 Missing data 1 Refused to be interviewed 2 Person selected was never at home 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 4 Deaf/Spoke only a foreign language 5 Did not fit gender quota 6 Other 997 Not applicable Previous interview, gender Previous interview, gender Previous interview, gender Previous interview, gender Previous interview, gender Previous interview was with a: 2210 1 2 1 Male 2 Female This interview, gender This interview, gender This interview, gender This interview, gender This interview, gender This interview must be with a: 2210 1 2 1 Male 2 Female Number of calls Number of calls Number of calls Number of calls Number of calls How many calls were made to the household where the interview actually took place? 2210 1 3 1 1 2 2 3 3 Date of Interview Date of Interview Date of Interview Date of Interview Date of Interview Date of interview 2210 2001-08-21 2001-08-22 2001-08-23 2001-08-24 2001-08-25 2001-08-26 2001-08-27 2001-08-28 2001-08-29 2001-08-30 2001-08-31 2001-09-01 2001-09-02 2001-09-06 2001-09-07 2001-09-08 2001-09-09 Time interview started 2210 Q1a. Country's present economic condition Q1a. Country's present economic condition Q1a. Country's present economic condition Q1a. Country's present economic condition Q1a. Country's present economic condition In general, how would you describe: The present economic conditions of this country? 2210 1 9 1 Very Bad 2 Fairly bad 3 Neither good nor bad 4 Fairly good 5 Very good 9 Don't know Q1b. Present personal living conditions Q1b. Present personal living conditions Q1b. Present personal living conditions Q1b. Present personal living conditions Q1b. Present personal living conditions In general, how would you describe: Your own present living conditions? 2210 1 9 1 Very Bad 2 Fairly bad 3 Neither good nor bad 4 Fairly good 5 Very good 9 Don't know Q2a Nigeria's economy vs neighbours Q2a Nigeria's economy vs neighbours Q2a Nigeria's economy vs neighbours Q2a Nigeria's economy vs neighbours Q2a Nigeria's economy vs neighbours In general, how do you rate: The economic conditions in this country compared to those in neighbouring countries? 2210 1 9 1 Much Worse 2 Worse 3 Same 4 Better 5 Much Better 9 Don't know Q2b. Your living conditions vs. other Nigerians Q2b. Your living conditions vs. other Nigerians Q2b. Your living conditions vs. other Nigerians Q2b. Your living conditions vs. other Nigerians Q2b. Your living conditions vs. other Nigerians In general, how do you rate: Your living conditions compared to those of other Nigerians? 2210 1 9 1 Much Worse 2 Worse 3 Same 4 Better 5 Much Better 9 Don't know Q3a. Country's economy 12 months ago Q3a. Country's economy 12 months ago Q3a. Country's economy 12 months ago Q3a. Country's economy 12 months ago Q3a. Country's economy 12 months ago Looking back, how do you rate the following compared to twelve months ago: Economic conditions in this country? 2210 1 9 1 Much Worse 2 Worse 3 Same 4 Better 5 Much Better 9 Don't know Q3b. Your living condition 12 months ago Q3b. Your living condition 12 months ago Q3b. Your living condition 12 months ago Q3b. Your living condition 12 months ago Q3b. Your living condition 12 months ago Looking back, how do you rate the following compared to twelve months ago: Your living conditions? 2210 1 9 1 Much Worse 2 Worse 3 Same 4 Better 5 Much Better 9 Don't know Q4a. Expectation of country's economy next 12 months Q4a. Expectation of country's economy next 12 months Q4a. Expectation of country's economy next 12 months Q4a. Expectation of country's economy next 12 months Q4a. Expectation of country's economy next 12 months Looking ahead, do you expect the following to be better or worse: Economic conditions in this country in twelve months time? 2210 1 9 1 Much Worse 2 Worse 3 Same 4 Better 5 Much Better 9 Don't know Q4b. Expectation of your living condition next 12 months Q4b. Expectation of your living condition next 12 months Q4b. Expectation of your living condition next 12 months Q4b. Expectation of your living condition next 12 months Q4b. Expectation of your living condition next 12 months Looking ahead, do you expect the following to be better or worse: Your living conditions in twelve months time? 2210 1 9 1 Much Worse 2 Worse 3 Same 4 Better 5 Much Better 9 Don't know Q5a. Meaning of "poor" 1st Mention Q5a. Meaning of "poor" 1st Mention Q5a. Meaning of "poor" 1st Mention Q5a. Meaning of "poor" 1st Mention Q5a. Meaning of "poor" 1st Mention In your opinion, what does it mean to be “poor”? 2210 1 999 -1 Missing data Nothing 1 Lack of food 2 Lack of shelter 3 Lack of clothing 4 Lack of money 5 Low living standards 6 Lack of social amenities 7 Lack of education/knowledge 8 Lack of employment/job 9 Low levels of health 10 Powerlessness 11 Living in substandard neighborhood 12 Any life-threatening situation 13 No child/spouse/unable to marry a wife 14 Comparison between self and others, inability to meet expect 15 Lack of entertainment (newspaper,TV,Radio,Video) 16 Psychological status/mental health 17 Exploitive labor (e.g. child labor, prostitution, etc) 18 Lack of agricultural inputs (land/fertilizers/seeds) 19 Race (associates black with poverty) 20 Laziness/person who won't work 21 Lack of family/social support network 22 Inability to meet obligations/family responsibilities 23 Beggar/destitute 24 Unreligious 25 A farmer 26 Poverty (undifferentiated/unspecified) 995 Other 996 No further answer 997 Refused to answer 999 Don't know Q5b. Meaning of "poor" 2nd Mention Q5b. Meaning of "poor" 2nd Mention Q5b. Meaning of "poor" 2nd Mention Q5b. Meaning of "poor" 2nd Mention Q5b. Meaning of "poor" 2nd Mention In your opinion, what does it mean to be “poor”? 2210 1 996 -1 Missing data Nothing 1 Lack of food 2 Lack of shelter 3 Lack of clothing 4 Lack of money 5 Low living standards 6 Lack of social amenities 7 Lack of education/knowledge 8 Lack of employment/job 9 Low levels of health 10 Powerlessness 11 Living in substandard neighborhood 12 Any life-threatening situation 13 No child/spouse/unable to marry a wife 14 Comparison between self and others, inability to meet expect 15 Lack of entertainment (newspaper,TV,Radio,Video) 16 Psychological status/mental health 17 Exploitive labor (e.g. child labor, prostitution, etc) 18 Lack of agricultural inputs (land/fertilizers/seeds) 19 Race (associates black with poverty) 20 Laziness/person who won't work 21 Lack of family/social support network 22 Inability to meet obligations/family responsibilities 23 Beggar/destitute 24 Unreligious 25 A farmer 26 Poverty (undifferentiated/unspecified) 995 Other 996 No further answer 997 Refused to answer 999 Don't know Q5c. Meaning of "poor" 3rd Mention Q5c. Meaning of "poor" 3rd Mention Q5c. Meaning of "poor" 3rd Mention Q5c. Meaning of "poor" 3rd Mention Q5c. Meaning of "poor" 3rd Mention In your opinion, what does it mean to be “poor”? 2210 1 996 -1 Missing data Nothing 1 Lack of food 2 Lack of shelter 3 Lack of clothing 4 Lack of money 5 Low living standards 6 Lack of social amenities 7 Lack of education/knowledge 8 Lack of employment/job 9 Low levels of health 10 Powerlessness 11 Living in substandard neighborhood 12 Any life-threatening situation 13 No child/spouse/unable to marry a wife 14 Comparison between self and others, inability to meet expect 15 Lack of entertainment (newspaper,TV,Radio,Video) 16 Psychological status/mental health 17 Exploitive labor (e.g. child labor, prostitution, etc) 18 Lack of agricultural inputs (land/fertilizers/seeds) 19 Race (associates black with poverty) 20 Laziness/person who won't work 21 Lack of family/social support network 22 Inability to meet obligations/family responsibilities 23 Beggar/destitute 24 Unreligious 25 A farmer 26 Poverty (undifferentiated/unspecified) 995 Other 996 No further answer 997 Refused to answer 999 Don't know Q6a. Score self poor/rich today Q6a. Score self poor/rich today Q6a. Score self poor/rich today Q6a. Score self poor/rich today Q6a. Score self poor/rich today On a scale of 0 to 10, where 0 are “poor” people and 10 are “rich” people: Which number would you give yourself today? 2210 10 00 1 01 2 02 3 03 4 04 5 05 6 06 7 07 8 08 9 09 10 10 Q6b. Score parent rich/poor 10 years ago Q6b. Score parent rich/poor 10 years ago Q6b. Score parent rich/poor 10 years ago Q6b. Score parent rich/poor 10 years ago Q6b. Score parent rich/poor 10 years ago On a scale of 0 to 10, where 0 are “poor” people and 10 are “rich” people: Which number would you give your parents ten years ago? 2210 10 00 1 01 2 02 3 03 4 04 5 05 6 06 7 07 8 08 9 09 10 10 Q6c. Score children rich/poor in future Q6c. Score children rich/poor in future Q6c. Score children rich/poor in future Q6c. Score children rich/poor in future Q6c. Score children rich/poor in future On a scale of 0 to 10, where 0 are “poor” people and 10 are “rich” people: Which number do you expect your children to attain in the future? 2210 10 00 1 01 2 02 3 03 4 04 5 05 6 06 7 07 8 08 9 09 10 10 Q7a. Depend on wage or salary Q7a. Depend on wage or salary Q7a. Depend on wage or salary Q7a. Depend on wage or salary Q7a. Depend on wage or salary Considering ALL the activities you engage in to secure a livelihood, how much do you depend on: Earning a wage or salary? 2210 9 Not at All 1 A Little 2 A Lot 9 Don't Know Q7b. Depend on buying and selling goods Q7b. Depend on buying and selling goods Q7b. Depend on buying and selling goods Q7b. Depend on buying and selling goods Q7b. Depend on buying and selling goods Considering ALL the activities you engage in to secure a livelihood, how much do you depend on: Buying and selling goods as a trader? 2210 9 Not at All 1 A Little 2 A Lot 9 Don't Know Q7c. Doing work in-kind for food or shelter Q7c. Doing work in-kind for food or shelter Q7c. Doing work in-kind for food or shelter Q7c. Doing work in-kind for food or shelter Q7c. Doing work in-kind for food or shelter Considering ALL the activities you engage in to secure a livelihood, how much do you depend on: Doing work in-kind for food or shelter? 2210 9 Not at All 1 A Little 2 A Lot 9 Don't Know Q7d. Employ other people to work for you Q7d. Employ other people to work for you Q7d. Employ other people to work for you Q7d. Employ other people to work for you Q7d. Employ other people to work for you Considering ALL the activities you engage in to secure a livelihood, how much do you depend on: Employing other people to work for you? 2210 9 Not at All 1 A Little 2 A Lot 9 Don't Know Q7e. Participating in a community savings group Q7e. Participating in a community savings group Q7e. Participating in a community savings group Q7e. Participating in a community savings group Q7e. Participating in a community savings group Considering ALL the activities you engage in to secure a livelihood, how much do you depend on: Participating in a community savings group? 2210 9 Not at All 1 A Little 2 A Lot 9 Don't Know Q7f. Borrow money from friends or family Q7f. Borrow money from friends or family Q7f. Borrow money from friends or family Q7f. Borrow money from friends or family Q7f. Borrow money from friends or family Considering ALL the activities you engage in to secure a livelihood, how much do you depend on: Borrowing money from friends or family? 2210 9 Not at All 1 A Little 2 A Lot 9 Don't Know Q7g. Borrow money from a bank Q7g. Borrow money from a bank Q7g. Borrow money from a bank Q7g. Borrow money from a bank Q7g. Borrow money from a bank Considering ALL the activities you engage in to secure a livelihood, how much do you depend on: Borrowing money from a bank? 2210 9 Not at All 1 A Little 2 A Lot 9 Don't Know Q8a. Work to earn money Q8a. Work to earn money Q8a. Work to earn money Q8a. Work to earn money Q8a. Work to earn money On an average day, roughly how much time do you spend on the following activities: Working to earn money? 2210 4 Spend no time 1 Less than 1 hour 2 1-2 hours 3 3-5 hours 4 More than 5 hours Q8b. Grow your own food Q8b. Grow your own food Q8b. Grow your own food Q8b. Grow your own food Q8b. Grow your own food On an average day, roughly how much time do you spend on the following activities: Growing your own food? 2210 4 Spend no time 1 Less than 1 hour 2 1-2 hours 3 3-5 hours 4 More than 5 hours Q8c. Do household work Q8c. Do household work Q8c. Do household work Q8c. Do household work Q8c. Do household work On an average day, roughly how much time do you spend on the following activities: Doing household work? 2210 4 Spend no time 1 Less than 1 hour 2 1-2 hours 3 3-5 hours 4 More than 5 hours Q8d. Take care of children Q8d. Take care of children Q8d. Take care of children Q8d. Take care of children Q8d. Take care of children On an average day, roughly how much time do you spend on the following activities: Taking care of children? 2210 4 Spend no time 1 Less than 1 hour 2 1-2 hours 3 3-5 hours 4 More than 5 hours Q8e. Care for sick household members Q8e. Care for sick household members Q8e. Care for sick household members Q8e. Care for sick household members Q8e. Care for sick household members On an average day, roughly how much time do you spend on the following activities: Caring for sick household members? 2210 4 Spend no time 1 Less than 1 hour 2 1-2 hours 3 3-5 hours 4 More than 5 hours Q9a. Without food Q9a. Without food Q9a. Without food Q9a. Without food Q9a. Without food Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or your family gone without: Enough food to eat? 2210 9 Never 1 Just once or twice 2 Several times 3 Many times 4 Always 9 Don't Know Q9b. Without water Q9b. Without water Q9b. Without water Q9b. Without water Q9b. Without water Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or your family gone without: Enough clean water for home use? 2210 9 Never 1 Just once or twice 2 Several times 3 Many times 4 Always 9 Don't Know Q9c. Without healthcare Q9c. Without healthcare Q9c. Without healthcare Q9c. Without healthcare Q9c. Without healthcare Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or your family gone without: Medicines or medical treatment? 2210 9 Never 1 Just once or twice 2 Several times 3 Many times 4 Always 9 Don't Know Q9d. Without electricity Q9d. Without electricity Q9d. Without electricity Q9d. Without electricity Q9d. Without electricity Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or your family gone without: Electricity in your home? 2210 9 Never 1 Just once or twice 2 Several times 3 Many times 4 Always 9 Don't Know Q9e. Without fuel to cook your food Q9e. Without fuel to cook your food Q9e. Without fuel to cook your food Q9e. Without fuel to cook your food Q9e. Without fuel to cook your food Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or your family gone without: Enough fuel to cook your food? 2210 9 Never 1 Just once or twice 2 Several times 3 Many times 4 Always 9 Don't Know Q9f. Without income Q9f. Without income Q9f. Without income Q9f. Without income Q9f. Without income Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or your family gone without: A cash income? 2210 9 Never 1 Just once or twice 2 Several times 3 Many times 4 Always 9 Don't Know Q10a. Turn food Q10a. Turn food Q10a. Turn food Q10a. Turn food Q10a. Turn food To whom do you usually turn when you are unable to get: Enough food to eat? 2210 9 -1 Missing data No-one 1 Kin 2 Community 3 Market 4 Govt. 5 Illicit 7 Not applicable 9 Don't know Q10b. Turn water Q10b. Turn water Q10b. Turn water Q10b. Turn water Q10b. Turn water To whom do you usually turn when you are unable to get: Enough clean water for home use? 2210 -1 9 -1 Missing data No-one 1 Kin 2 Community 3 Market 4 Govt. 5 Illicit 7 Not applicable 9 Don't know Q10c. Turn healthcare Q10c. Turn healthcare Q10c. Turn healthcare Q10c. Turn healthcare Q10c. Turn healthcare To whom do you usually turn when you are unable to get: Medicines or medical treatment? 2210 -1 9 -1 Missing data No-one 1 Kin 2 Community 3 Market 4 Govt. 5 Illicit 7 Not applicable 9 Don't know Q10d. Turn Electricity Q10d. Turn Electricity Q10d. Turn Electricity Q10d. Turn Electricity Q10d. Turn Electricity To whom do you usually turn when you are unable to get: Electricity in your home? 2210 9 -1 Missing data No-one 1 Kin 2 Community 3 Market 4 Govt. 5 Illicit 7 Not applicable 9 Don't know Q10e. Turn fuel Q10e. Turn fuel Q10e. Turn fuel Q10e. Turn fuel Q10e. Turn fuel To whom do you usually turn when you are unable to get: Enough fuel to cook your food? 2210 9 -1 Missing data No-one 1 Kin 2 Community 3 Market 4 Govt. 5 Illicit 7 Not applicable 9 Don't know Q10f. Turn income Q10f. Turn income Q10f. Turn income Q10f. Turn income Q10f. Turn income To whom do you usually turn when you are unable to get: A cash income? 2210 9 -1 Missing data No-one 1 Kin 2 Community 3 Market 4 Govt. 5 Illicit 7 Not applicable 9 Don't know Q11a Ever felt unsafe in your own home? Q11a Ever felt unsafe in your own home? Q11a Ever felt unsafe in your own home? Q11a Ever felt unsafe in your own home? Q11a Ever felt unsafe in your own home? Over the past year, how often (if ever) have you or anyone in your family: Felt unsafe in your own home? 2210 9 Never 1 Rarely 2 Sometime 3 Often 4 Always 9 Don't Know Q11b Home ever broken into and had something stolen Q11b Home ever broken into and had something stolen Q11b Home ever broken into and had something stolen Q11b Home ever broken into and had something stolen Q11b Home ever broken into and had something stolen Over the past year, how often (if ever) have you or anyone in your family: Had your home broken into and had something stolen? 2210 9 Never 1 Rarely 2 Sometime 3 Often 4 Always 9 Don't Know Q11c Ever been physically attacked Q11c Ever been physically attacked Q11c Ever been physically attacked Q11c Ever been physically attacked Q11c Ever been physically attacked Over the past year, how often (if ever) have you or anyone in your family: Been physically attacked? 2210 9 Never 1 Rarely 2 Sometime 3 Often 4 Always 9 Don't Know Q12. Prefer market or government-run economy Q12. Prefer market or government-run economy Q12. Prefer market or government-run economy Q12. Prefer market or government-run economy Q12. Prefer market or government-run economy Which of these three statements is closest to your own opinion? A: A market economy is preferable to an economy run by the government. B: A government-run economy is preferable to a market economy. C: For someone like me, it doesn’t matter what kind of economic system we have. 2210 1 9 1 STATEMENT C: doesn't matter 2 STATEMENT B: government-run economy 3 STATEMENT A: market economy 9 Don't know Q13a Government manages production and distribution Q13a Government manages production and distribution Q13a Government manages production and distribution Q13a Government manages production and distribution Q13a Government manages production and distribution There are many ways to manage an economy. Would you disapprove or approve of the following alternatives: The government plans the production and distribution of all goods and services? 2210 1 9 1 Strongly Disapprove 2 Disapprove 3 Neither Approve Nor Disapprove 4 Approve 5 Strongly Approve 9 Don't Know Q13b Individuals decide what to produce, buy and sell Q13b Individuals decide what to produce, buy and sell Q13b Individuals decide what to produce, buy and sell Q13b Individuals decide what to produce, buy and sell Q13b Individuals decide what to produce, buy and sell There are many ways to manage an economy. Would you disapprove or approve of the following alternatives: Individuals decide for themselves what to produce and what to buy and sell? 2210 1 9 1 Strongly Disapprove 2 Disapprove 3 Neither Approve Nor Disapprove 4 Approve 5 Strongly Approve 9 Don't Know Q13c People go back to the land and provide for their own needs Q13c People go back to the land and provide for their own needs Q13c People go back to the land and provide for their own needs Q13c People go back to the land and provide for their own needs Q13c People go back to the land and provide for their own needs There are many ways to manage an economy. Would you disapprove or approve of the following alternatives: People go back to the land and provide mainly for their own needs as a community? 2210 1 9 1 Strongly Disapprove 2 Disapprove 3 Neither Approve Nor Disapprove 4 Approve 5 Strongly Approve 9 Don't Know Q13d Economic experts make the most important decisions about economy Q13d Economic experts make the most important decisions about economy Q13d Economic experts make the most important decisions about economy Q13d Economic experts make the most important decisions about economy Q13d Economic experts make the most important decisions about economy There are many ways to manage an economy. Would you disapprove or approve of the following alternatives: Economic experts (including foreign donors and investors) make the most important decisions about our economy? 2210 1 9 1 Strongly Disapprove 2 Disapprove 3 Neither Approve Nor Disapprove 4 Approve 5 Strongly Approve 9 Don't Know Q13e Wealthy Nigerians provide for community needs Q13e Wealthy Nigerians provide for community needs Q13e Wealthy Nigerians provide for community needs Q13e Wealthy Nigerians provide for community needs Q13e Wealthy Nigerians provide for community needs There are many ways to manage an economy. Would you disapprove or approve of the following alternatives: Wealthy Nigerians provide for the needs of their own communities? 2210 1 9 1 Strongly Disapprove 2 Disapprove 3 Neither Approve Nor Disapprove 4 Approve 5 Strongly Approve 9 Don't Know Q14 User fees for education Q14 User fees for education Q14 User fees for education Q14 User fees for education Q14 User fees for education Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement A or Statement B. A: It is better to have free schooling for our children, even if the quality of education is low. B: It is better to raise educational standards, even if we have to pay school fees. 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very stongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know Q15 Liberalization of agricultural marketing Q15 Liberalization of agricultural marketing Q15 Liberalization of agricultural marketing Q15 Liberalization of agricultural marketing Q15 Liberalization of agricultural marketing Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement A or Statement B. A: It is better for private traders to handle agricultural marketing, even if some farmers get left out. B: It is better for government to buy and sell crops, even if some farmers are served late. 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very stongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know Q16 Competitive labor market Q16 Competitive labor market Q16 Competitive labor market Q16 Competitive labor market Q16 Competitive labor market Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement A or Statement B. A: It is better for everyone to have a job even if this means that average wages are low. B: It is better to have higher wages, even if this means that some people have to go without a job. 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very stongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know Q17. Propoerty rights Q17. Propoerty rights Q17. Propoerty rights Q17. Propoerty rights Q17. Propoerty rights Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement A or Statement B. A: The government must abide by the law in acquiring any property, including paying the owners. B: In order to develop the country, the government should have the power to seize property without compensation. 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very stongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know Q18. Civil service cutbacks Q18. Civil service cutbacks Q18. Civil service cutbacks Q18. Civil service cutbacks Q18. Civil service cutbacks Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement A or Statement B. A: All civil servants should keep their jobs, even if paying their salaries is costly to the country. B: The government cannot afford so many public employees and should lay some of them off. 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very stongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know Q19. Trade liberalization Q19. Trade liberalization Q19. Trade liberalization Q19. Trade liberalization Q19. Trade liberalization Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement A or Statement B. A: It is a good idea to import affordable goods from other countries, even if some of our own producers are forced out of business. B: We must protect producers within our own country by imposing tariffs that make imported goods more expensive. 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very stongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know Q20. Economic patience Q20. Economic patience Q20. Economic patience Q20. Economic patience Q20. Economic patience Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement A or Statement B. A: The costs of reforming the economy are too high; the government should therefore abandon its current economic policies. B: In order for the economy to get better in the future, it is necessary for us to accept some hardships now. 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very stongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know Q21. Helped or hurt? Q21. Helped or hurt? Q21. Helped or hurt? Q21. Helped or hurt? Q21. Helped or hurt? Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement A or Statement B. A: The government’s economic policies have helped most people; only a few have suffered. B: The government’s economic policies have hurt most people and only benefited a few. 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very stongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know Q22a. Availability of goods Q22a. Availability of goods Q22a. Availability of goods Q22a. Availability of goods Q22a. Availability of goods We are now going to compare our present market economy with the economic system a few years ago. Please tell me if the following things are worse or better now than they used to be, or about the same: The availability of goods? 2210 1 9 1 Much Worse 2 Worse 3 Same 4 Better 5 Much Better 9 DK Q22b. People's living standard Q22b. People's living standard Q22b. People's living standard Q22b. People's living standard Q22b. People's living standard We are now going to compare our present market economy with the economic system a few years ago. Please tell me if the following things are worse or better now than they used to be, or about the same: People’s standard of living? 2210 1 9 1 Much Worse 2 Worse 3 Same 4 Better 5 Much Better 9 DK Q22c. Job opportunities Q22c. Job opportunities Q22c. Job opportunities Q22c. Job opportunities Q22c. Job opportunities We are now going to compare our present market economy with the economic system a few years ago. Please tell me if the following things are worse or better now than they used to be, or about the same: The availability of job opportunities? 2210 1 9 1 Much Worse 2 Worse 3 Same 4 Better 5 Much Better 9 DK Q22d. Gap between rich and poor Q22d. Gap between rich and poor Q22d. Gap between rich and poor Q22d. Gap between rich and poor Q22d. Gap between rich and poor We are now going to compare our present market economy with the economic system a few years ago. Please tell me if the following things are worse or better now than they used to be, or about the same: The gap between the rich and the poor? 2210 1 9 1 Much Worse 2 Worse 3 Same 4 Better 5 Much Better 9 DK Q22e. Security of property Q22e. Security of property Q22e. Security of property Q22e. Security of property Q22e. Security of property We are now going to compare our present market economy with the economic system a few years ago. Please tell me if the following things are worse or better now than they used to be, or about the same: The security of property from seizure by the government? 2210 1 9 1 Much Worse 2 Worse 3 Same 4 Better 5 Much Better 9 DK Q23. Govt's reduced role in economy Q23. Govt's reduced role in economy Q23. Govt's reduced role in economy Q23. Govt's reduced role in economy Q23. Govt's reduced role in economy As you may know, the government has been reducing its role in the economy. Overall, how satisfied are you with the way this policy works? 2210 9 Govt has not reduced role 1 Not at all satisfied 2 Not very satisfied 3 Fairly satisfied 4 Very satisfied 9 Don't Know Q24a Religious group Q24a Religious group Q24a Religious group Q24a Religious group Q24a Religious group Let’s turn to your role in the community. Now I am going to read out a list of groups that people join or attend. For each one, could you tell me whether you are an official leader, an active member, an inactive member, or not a member: A religious group (e.g. church, mosque)? 2210 9 Not a Member 1 Inactive Member 2 Active Member 3 Official Leader 9 Don't Know Q24b Trade/Farmers Union Q24b Trade/Farmers Union Q24b Trade/Farmers Union Q24b Trade/Farmers Union Q24b Trade/Farmers Union Now I am going to read out a list of groups that people join or attend. For each one, could you tell me whether you are an official leader, an active member, an inactive member, or not a member: A trade union or farmers association? 2210 9 Not a Member 1 Inactive Member 2 Active Member 3 Official Leader 9 Don't Know Q24c Prof/business assoc. Q24c Prof/business assoc. Q24c Prof/business assoc. Q24c Prof/business assoc. Q24c Prof/business assoc. Now I am going to read out a list of groups that people join or attend. For each one, could you tell me whether you are an official leader, an active member, an inactive member, or not a member: A professional or business association? 2210 9 Not a Member 1 Inactive Member 2 Active Member 3 Official Leader 9 Don't Know Q24d Devel. assoc. Q24d Devel. assoc. Q24d Devel. assoc. Q24d Devel. assoc. Q24d Devel. assoc. Now I am going to read out a list of groups that people join or attend. For each one, could you tell me whether you are an official leader, an active member, an inactive member, or not a member: A community development or self-help association? 2210 9 Not a Member 1 Inactive Member 2 Active Member 3 Official Leader 9 Don't Know Q25a Discuss Politics Q25a Discuss Politics Q25a Discuss Politics Q25a Discuss Politics Q25a Discuss Politics Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens. For each of these, please tell me whether you, personally, have done any of these things during the past year. If not, would you do this if you had the chance: Discussed politics with friends or neighbors? 2210 9 No, would never do this 1 No, but would do if chanced 2 Yes, once or twice 3 Yes, several times 4 Yes, often 9 Don't know Q25b Attend community meeting Q25b Attend community meeting Q25b Attend community meeting Q25b Attend community meeting Q25b Attend community meeting Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens. For each of these, please tell me whether you, personally, have done any of these things during the past year. If not, would you do this if you had the chance: Attended a community meeting? 2210 9 No, would never do this 1 No, but would do if chanced 2 Yes, once or twice 3 Yes, several times 4 Yes, often 9 Don't know Q25c Raise an issue Q25c Raise an issue Q25c Raise an issue Q25c Raise an issue Q25c Raise an issue Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens. For each of these, please tell me whether you, personally, have done any of these things during the past year. If not, would you do this if you had the chance: Got together with others to raise an issue? 2210 9 No, would never do this 1 No, but would do if chanced 2 Yes, once or twice 3 Yes, several times 4 Yes, often 9 Don't know Q25d Attended peaceful demonstration Q25d Attended peaceful demonstration Q25d Attended peaceful demonstration Q25d Attended peaceful demonstration Q25d Attended peaceful demonstration Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens. For each of these, please tell me whether you, personally, have done any of these things during the past year. If not, would you do this if you had the chance: Attended a demonstration or protest march? 2210 9 No, would never do this 1 No, but would do if chanced 2 Yes, once or twice 3 Yes, several times 4 Yes, often 9 Don't know Q25e Attended violent demonstration Q25e Attended violent demonstration Q25e Attended violent demonstration Q25e Attended violent demonstration Q25e Attended violent demonstration Here is a list of actions that people sometimes take as citizens. For each of these, please tell me whether you, personally, have done any of these things during the past year. If not, would you do this if you had the chance: Used force or violence for a political cause? 2210 9 No, would never do this 1 No, but would do if chanced 2 Yes, once or twice 3 Yes, several times 4 Yes, often 9 Don't know Q26a Radio news Q26a Radio news Q26a Radio news Q26a Radio news Q26a Radio news How often do you get news from the following sources: Radio? 2210 9 Never 1 Less than once a month 2 A few times a month 3 A few times a week 4 Every day 9 Don't know Q26b Television news Q26b Television news Q26b Television news Q26b Television news Q26b Television news How often do you get news from the following sources: Television? 2210 9 Never 1 Less than once a month 2 A few times a month 3 A few times a week 4 Every day 9 Don't know Q26c Newspapers news Q26c Newspapers news Q26c Newspapers news Q26c Newspapers news Q26c Newspapers news How often do you get news from the following sources: Newspapers? 2210 9 Never 1 Less than once a month 2 A few times a month 3 A few times a week 4 Every day 9 Don't know Q27 Interest in public affairs Q27 Interest in public affairs Q27 Interest in public affairs Q27 Interest in public affairs Q27 Interest in public affairs Number: How interested are you in public affairs? 2210 9 Not interested 1 Somewhat interested 2 Very interested 9 Don't know Q28a Politics & government complicated Q28a Politics & government complicated Q28a Politics & government complicated Q28a Politics & government complicated Q28a Politics & government complicated Do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Politics and government sometimes seem so complicated that you can’t really understand what’s going on. 2210 1 9 1 Strongly Agree 2 Agree 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 4 Disagree 5 Strongly Disagree 9 Don't know Q28b People don't listen to me on politics Q28b People don't listen to me on politics Q28b People don't listen to me on politics Q28b People don't listen to me on politics Q28b People don't listen to me on politics Do you agree or disagree with the following statements? As far as politics are concerned, friends and neighbors do not listen to you. 2210 1 9 1 Strongly Agree 2 Agree 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 4 Disagree 5 Strongly Disagree 9 Don't know Q28c Make elected representatives listen Q28c Make elected representatives listen Q28c Make elected representatives listen Q28c Make elected representatives listen Q28c Make elected representatives listen Do you agree or disagree with the following statements? If you had to, you would be able to get together with others to make elected representatives listen to your concerns. 2210 1 9 1 Strongly Agree 2 Agree 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 4 Disagree 5 Strongly Disagree 9 Don't know Q29a Contact LG Councillor Q29a Contact LG Councillor Q29a Contact LG Councillor Q29a Contact LG Councillor Q29a Contact LG Councillor During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons for help to solve a problem or to give them your views: A Local Government councilor? 2210 1 4 1 Never 2 Only once 3 Sometimes 4 Often Q29b Contact Nat. Rep. Q29b Contact Nat. Rep. Q29b Contact Nat. Rep. Q29b Contact Nat. Rep. Q29b Contact Nat. Rep. During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons for help to solve a problem or to give them your views: A National Assembly representative? 2210 1 4 1 Never 2 Only once 3 Sometimes 4 Often Q29c Contact government official Q29c Contact government official Q29c Contact government official Q29c Contact government official Q29c Contact government official During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons for help to solve a problem or to give them your views: An official of a government ministry? 2210 1 4 1 Never 2 Only once 3 Sometimes 4 Often Q29d Contact political party official Q29d Contact political party official Q29d Contact political party official Q29d Contact political party official Q29d Contact political party official During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons for help to solve a problem or to give them your views: A political party official? 2210 1 4 1 Never 2 Only once 3 Sometimes 4 Often Q29e Contact religious leader Q29e Contact religious leader Q29e Contact religious leader Q29e Contact religious leader Q29e Contact religious leader During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons for help to solve a problem or to give them your views: A religious leader? 2210 1 4 1 Never 2 Only once 3 Sometimes 4 Often Q29f Contact trad. ruler Q29f Contact trad. ruler Q29f Contact trad. ruler Q29f Contact trad. ruler Q29f Contact trad. ruler During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons for help to solve a problem or to give them your views: A traditional ruler? 2210 1 4 1 Never 2 Only once 3 Sometimes 4 Often Q29g Contact influential person Q29g Contact influential person Q29g Contact influential person Q29g Contact influential person Q29g Contact influential person During the past year, how often have you contacted any of the following persons for help to solve a problem or to give them your views: Some other influential person? 2210 1 4 1 Never 2 Only once 3 Sometimes 4 Often Q30 Support elections Q30 Support elections Q30 Support elections Q30 Support elections Q30 Support elections Let’s change the subject. I would like to hear your views about how this country is governed. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement A or Statement B. A: We should choose our leaders in this country through regular, open and honest elections. B: Since elections sometimes produce bad results, we should adopt other methods for choosing this country’s leaders. 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very stongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know Q31 Support multiple parties Q31 Support multiple parties Q31 Support multiple parties Q31 Support multiple parties Q31 Support multiple parties Which of the following statements is closest to your views? Choose Statement A or Statement B. A: Political parties create division and confusion; it is therefore unnecessary to have many political parties in Nigeria. B: Many political parties are needed to make sure that Nigerians have real choices in who governs them. 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very stongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know Q32 Support presidential term limits Q32 Support presidential term limits Q32 Support presidential term limits Q32 Support presidential term limits Q32 Support presidential term limits Which of the following statements is closest to your views? Choose Statement A or Statement B. A: The President of Nigeria should be able to serve as many terms in office as he wishes. B: In Nigeria, the President must obey the constitution, including serving no more than two terms in office. 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very stongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know Q33 Support legislative checks and balances Q33 Support legislative checks and balances Q33 Support legislative checks and balances Q33 Support legislative checks and balances Q33 Support legislative checks and balances Which of the following statements is closest to your views? Choose Statement A or Statement B. A: The members of the National Assembly represent the people; therefore they should make laws for this country, even if the President does not agree. B: Since the President represents all of us, he should pass laws without worrying about what the National Assembly thinks. 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very stongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know Q34 Political patienc Q34 Political patienc Q34 Political patienc Q34 Political patienc Q34 Political patienc Which of the following statements is closest to your views? Choose Statement A or Statement B A: Our present system of elected government should be given more time to deal with inherited problems. B: If our present system cannot produce results soon, we should try another form of government. 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very stongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know Q35a One-party rule Q35a One-party rule Q35a One-party rule Q35a One-party rule Q35a One-party rule There are many ways to govern a country. Would you disapprove or approve of the following alternatives? Only one political party is allowed to stand for election and hold office. 2210 1 9 1 Strongly Disapprove 2 Disapprove 3 Neither Approve Nor Disapprove 4 Approve 5 Strongly Approve 9 Don't Know Q35b Traditional rule Q35b Traditional rule Q35b Traditional rule Q35b Traditional rule Q35b Traditional rule There are many ways to govern a country. Would you disapprove or approve of the following alternatives? All decisions are made by a council of chiefs or elders. 2210 1 9 1 Strongly Disapprove 2 Disapprove 3 Neither Approve Nor Disapprove 4 Approve 5 Strongly Approve 9 Don't Know Q35c Military rule Q35c Military rule Q35c Military rule Q35c Military rule Q35c Military rule There are many ways to govern a country. Would you disapprove or approve of the following alternatives? The army comes in to govern the country. 2210 1 9 1 Strongly Disapprove 2 Disapprove 3 Neither Approve Nor Disapprove 4 Approve 5 Strongly Approve 9 Don't Know Q35d One -man rule Q35d One -man rule Q35d One -man rule Q35d One -man rule Q35d One -man rule There are many ways to govern a country. Would you disapprove or approve of the following alternatives? Elections and the National Assembly are abolished so that the president can decide everything. 2210 1 9 1 Strongly Disapprove 2 Disapprove 3 Neither Approve Nor Disapprove 4 Approve 5 Strongly Approve 9 Don't Know Q36a Free to say Q36a Free to say Q36a Free to say Q36a Free to say Q36a Free to say We are going to compare our present system of government with the former system of military rule. Please tell me if the following things are worse or better now than they used to be, or about the same: Freedom to say what you think? 2210 1 9 1 Much Worse 2 Worse 3 Same 4 Better 5 Much Better 9 Don't know Q36b Join any organisation Q36b Join any organisation Q36b Join any organisation Q36b Join any organisation Q36b Join any organisation We are going to compare our present system of government with the former system of military rule. Please tell me if the following things are worse or better now than they used to be, or about the same: Freedom to join any political organization you want? 2210 1 9 1 Much Worse 2 Worse 3 Same 4 Better 5 Much Better 9 Don't know Q36c Fear of unjust arrest Q36c Fear of unjust arrest Q36c Fear of unjust arrest Q36c Fear of unjust arrest Q36c Fear of unjust arrest We are going to compare our present system of government with the former system of military rule. Please tell me if the following things are worse or better now than they used to be, or about the same: Fear of being arrested when you are innocent? 2210 1 9 1 Much Worse 2 Worse 3 Same 4 Better 5 Much Better 9 Don't know Q36d Freedom to choose Q36d Freedom to choose Q36d Freedom to choose Q36d Freedom to choose Q36d Freedom to choose We are going to compare our present system of government with the former system of military rule. Please tell me if the following things are worse or better now than they used to be, or about the same: Freedom to choose who to vote for without feeling pressured? 2210 1 9 1 Much Worse 2 Worse 3 Same 4 Better 5 Much Better 9 Don't know Q36e Influence government Q36e Influence government Q36e Influence government Q36e Influence government Q36e Influence government We are going to compare our present system of government with the former system of military rule. Please tell me if the following things are worse or better now than they used to be, or about the same: The ability of ordinary people to influence what government does? 2210 1 9 1 Much Worse 2 Worse 3 Same 4 Better 5 Much Better 9 Don't know Q36f Safety from crime/violence Q36f Safety from crime/violence Q36f Safety from crime/violence Q36f Safety from crime/violence Q36f Safety from crime/violence We are going to compare our present system of government with the former system of military rule. Please tell me if the following things are worse or better now than they used to be, or about the same: Safety from crime and violence? 2210 1 9 1 Much Worse 2 Worse 3 Same 4 Better 5 Much Better 9 Don't know Q36g Treated equally Q36g Treated equally Q36g Treated equally Q36g Treated equally Q36g Treated equally We are going to compare our present system of government with the former system of military rule. Please tell me if the following things are worse or better now than they used to be, or about the same: Equal and fair treatment for all people by government? 2210 1 9 1 Much Worse 2 Worse 3 Same 4 Better 5 Much Better 9 Don't know Q37 Is Nigeria a democracy? Q37 Is Nigeria a democracy? Q37 Is Nigeria a democracy? Q37 Is Nigeria a democracy? Q37 Is Nigeria a democracy? In your opinion how much of a democracy is Nigeria today? 2210 1 9 1 Not a democracy 2 A democracy, with major problems 3 A democracy, but with minor problems 4 A full democracy 8 Do not understand question/democracy 9 Don't know Q38 Support for democracy Q38 Support for democracy Q38 Support for democracy Q38 Support for democracy Q38 Support for democracy Which of these three statements is closest to your own opinion? A: Democracy is preferable to any other kind of government. B: In some circumstances, a non-democratic government can be preferable. C: For someone like me, it doesn’t matter what kind of government we have. 2210 1 9 1 STATEMENT C: doesn't matter 2 STATEMENT B: Sometimes non-democratic 3 STATEMENT A: Democracy preferable 9 Don't know Q39 Type of democracy Q39 Type of democracy Q39 Type of democracy Q39 Type of democracy Q39 Type of democracy Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement A or Statement B. A: Democracy is worth having simply because it allows everyone a free and equal voice in making decisions. B: Democracy is only worth having if it can address everyone’s basic economic needs. 2210 1 9 -1 Missing data 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very stongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know Q40. Satisfaction with democracy Q40. Satisfaction with democracy Q40. Satisfaction with democracy Q40. Satisfaction with democracy Q40. Satisfaction with democracy Overall, how satisfied are you with the way democracy works in Nigeria? Are you: 2210 9 Nigeria is not a democracy 1 Not at all satisfied 2 Not very satisfied 3 Fairly satisfied 4 Very satisfied 9 Don't Know Q41a Have to be careful about what you say Q41a Have to be careful about what you say Q41a Have to be careful about what you say Q41a Have to be careful about what you say Q41a Have to be careful about what you say In this country, how often: Do people have to be careful of what they say about politics? 2210 9 Never 1 Rarely 2 Often 3 Always 9 Don't know Q41b Party competition leads to conflict Q41b Party competition leads to conflict Q41b Party competition leads to conflict Q41b Party competition leads to conflict Q41b Party competition leads to conflict In this country, how often: Does competition between political parties lead to conflict? 2210 9 Never 1 Rarely 2 Often 3 Always 9 Don't know Q41c President ignores constitution Q41c President ignores constitution Q41c President ignores constitution Q41c President ignores constitution Q41c President ignores constitution In this country, how often: Does the President ignore the constitution? 2210 9 Never 1 Rarely 2 Often 3 Always 9 Don't know Q41d Unequally treated under the law Q41d Unequally treated under the law Q41d Unequally treated under the law Q41d Unequally treated under the law Q41d Unequally treated under the law In this country, how often: Are people treated unequally under the law? 2210 9 Never 1 Rarely 2 Often 3 Always 9 Don't know Q42a Constitution expresses Nigerians values Q42a Constitution expresses Nigerians values Q42a Constitution expresses Nigerians values Q42a Constitution expresses Nigerians values Q42a Constitution expresses Nigerians values For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you disagree or agree: Our constitution expresses the values and aspirations of the Nigerian people. 2210 1 9 1 Strongly Agree 2 Agree 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 4 Disagree 5 Strongly Disagree 9 Don't know Q42b Courts have the right to make decisions Q42b Courts have the right to make decisions Q42b Courts have the right to make decisions Q42b Courts have the right to make decisions Q42b Courts have the right to make decisions For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you disagree or agree: The courts have the right to make decisions that people always have to abide by. 2210 1 9 1 Strongly Agree 2 Agree 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 4 Disagree 5 Strongly Disagree 9 Don't know Q42c Police have the right to make people obey the law Q42c Police have the right to make people obey the law Q42c Police have the right to make people obey the law Q42c Police have the right to make people obey the law Q42c Police have the right to make people obey the law For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you disagree or agree: The police always have the right to make people obey the law. 2210 1 9 1 Strongly Agree 2 Agree 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 4 Disagree 5 Strongly Disagree 9 Don't know Q42d Tax department have the right to make people pay taxes Q42d Tax department have the right to make people pay taxes Q42d Tax department have the right to make people pay taxes Q42d Tax department have the right to make people pay taxes Q42d Tax department have the right to make people pay taxes For each of the following statements, please tell me whether you disagree or agree: The tax department always has the right to make people pay taxes. 2210 1 9 1 Strongly Agree 2 Agree 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 4 Disagree 5 Strongly Disagree 9 Don't know Q43a Trust President Q43a Trust President Q43a Trust President Q43a Trust President Q43a Trust President How much do you trust each of the following: The President? 2210 9 Not at all 1 A little bit 2 Quite a lot 3 A lot 9 Don't know Q43b Trust National Assembly Q43b Trust National Assembly Q43b Trust National Assembly Q43b Trust National Assembly Q43b Trust National Assembly How much do you trust each of the following: The National Assembly? 2210 9 Not at all 1 A little bit 2 Quite a lot 3 A lot 9 Don't know Q43c Trust Electoral Commission Q43c Trust Electoral Commission Q43c Trust Electoral Commission Q43c Trust Electoral Commission Q43c Trust Electoral Commission How much do you trust each of the following: The Independent National Electoral Commission? 2210 9 Not at all 1 A little bit 2 Quite a lot 3 A lot 9 Don't know Q43d Trust State Government Q43d Trust State Government Q43d Trust State Government Q43d Trust State Government Q43d Trust State Government How much do you trust each of the following: State Government? 2210 9 Not at all 1 A little bit 2 Quite a lot 3 A lot 9 Don't know Q43e Trust Local Government Q43e Trust Local Government Q43e Trust Local Government Q43e Trust Local Government Q43e Trust Local Government How much do you trust each of the following: Local Government? 2210 9 Not at all 1 A little bit 2 Quite a lot 3 A lot 9 Don't know Q43f Trust Ruling Party Q43f Trust Ruling Party Q43f Trust Ruling Party Q43f Trust Ruling Party Q43f Trust Ruling Party How much do you trust each of the following: The Ruling Party? 2210 9 Not at all 1 A little bit 2 Quite a lot 3 A lot 9 Don't know Q43g Trust Opposition Parties Q43g Trust Opposition Parties Q43g Trust Opposition Parties Q43g Trust Opposition Parties Q43g Trust Opposition Parties How much do you trust each of the following: Opposition Political Parties? 2210 9 Not at all 1 A little bit 2 Quite a lot 3 A lot 9 Don't know Q43h Trust Army Q43h Trust Army Q43h Trust Army Q43h Trust Army Q43h Trust Army How much do you trust each of the following: The Army? 2210 9 Not at all 1 A little bit 2 Quite a lot 3 A lot 9 Don't know Q43i Trust Police Q43i Trust Police Q43i Trust Police Q43i Trust Police Q43i Trust Police How much do you trust each of the following: The Police? 2210 9 Not at all 1 A little bit 2 Quite a lot 3 A lot 9 Don't know Q43j Trust law courts Q43j Trust law courts Q43j Trust law courts Q43j Trust law courts Q43j Trust law courts How much do you trust each of the following: Courts of Law? 2210 9 Not at all 1 A little bit 2 Quite a lot 3 A lot 9 Don't know Q43k Trust traditional rulers Q43k Trust traditional rulers Q43k Trust traditional rulers Q43k Trust traditional rulers Q43k Trust traditional rulers How much do you trust each of the following: Traditional rulers? 2210 9 Not at all 1 A little bit 2 Quite a lot 3 A lot 9 Don't know Q43l Trust Govt. TV or radio Q43l Trust Govt. TV or radio Q43l Trust Govt. TV or radio Q43l Trust Govt. TV or radio Q43l Trust Govt. TV or radio How much do you trust each of the following: Government broadcasting service (TV or radio)? 2210 9 Not at all 1 A little bit 2 Quite a lot 3 A lot 9 Don't know Q43m Trust Independent TV or radio Q43m Trust Independent TV or radio Q43m Trust Independent TV or radio Q43m Trust Independent TV or radio Q43m Trust Independent TV or radio How much do you trust each of the following: Independent broadcasting services (TV or radio)? 2210 9 Not at all 1 A little bit 2 Quite a lot 3 A lot 9 Don't know Q43n Trust Government newspapers Q43n Trust Government newspapers Q43n Trust Government newspapers Q43n Trust Government newspapers Q43n Trust Government newspapers How much do you trust each of the following: Government newspapers? 2210 9 Not at all 1 A little bit 2 Quite a lot 3 A lot 9 Don't know Q43o Trust Independent newspapers Q43o Trust Independent newspapers Q43o Trust Independent newspapers Q43o Trust Independent newspapers Q43o Trust Independent newspapers How much do you trust each of the following: Independent newspapers? 2210 9 Not at all 1 A little bit 2 Quite a lot 3 A lot 9 Don't know Q43p Trust Traders Q43p Trust Traders Q43p Trust Traders Q43p Trust Traders Q43p Trust Traders How much do you trust each of the following: Traders in local markets? 2210 9 Not at all 1 A little bit 2 Quite a lot 3 A lot 9 Don't know Q43q Trust Small businesses/shopkeepers Q43q Trust Small businesses/shopkeepers Q43q Trust Small businesses/shopkeepers Q43q Trust Small businesses/shopkeepers Q43q Trust Small businesses/shopkeepers How much do you trust each of the following: Small businesses/shopkeepers? 2210 9 Not at all 1 A little bit 2 Quite a lot 3 A lot 9 Don't know Q43r Trust Big private corporations Q43r Trust Big private corporations Q43r Trust Big private corporations Q43r Trust Big private corporations Q43r Trust Big private corporations How much do you trust each of the following: Big private corporations? 2210 9 Not at all 1 A little bit 2 Quite a lot 3 A lot 9 Don't know Q43s Trust Public corporations Q43s Trust Public corporations Q43s Trust Public corporations Q43s Trust Public corporations Q43s Trust Public corporations How much do you trust each of the following: Public corporations (like the electricity, telecommunications or agricultural marketing board)? 2210 9 Not at all 1 A little bit 2 Quite a lot 3 A lot 9 Don't know Q44_1 Most important problems - 1st mention Q44_1 Most important problems - 1st mention Q44_1 Most important problems - 1st mention Q44_1 Most important problems - 1st mention Q44_1 Most important problems - 1st mention In your opinion, what are the most important problems facing this country that government should address? 2210 1 995 -1 Missing data Nothing/No problems 1 Unemployment 2 Management of the economy 3 Poverty/destitution 4 Farming/agriculture 5 Food shortage/famine 6 Communications infrastructure 7 Wages, incomes and salaries 8 Rates and Taxes 9 Education 10 Health 11 AIDS 12 Crime and Security 13 Water supply 14 Social services (general) 15 Transportation 16 Housing 17 Corruption 18 Political violence 19 Political divisions/ethnic tensions 20 Discrimination/inequality 21 Gender issues 22 Democracy 23 War (international) 26 Inflation/price reduction 27 Management of micro-economy 30 Electricity 31 Sharia issue/Religious crisis 163 Environmental degradation 995 Others 996 No reply/no further reply 997 Refused to answer 999 Don't know Q44_2 Most important problems - 2nd mention Q44_2 Most important problems - 2nd mention Q44_2 Most important problems - 2nd mention Q44_2 Most important problems - 2nd mention Q44_2 Most important problems - 2nd mention In your opinion, what are the most important problems facing this country that government should address? 2210 1 996 -1 Missing data Nothing/No problems 1 Unemployment 2 Management of the economy 3 Poverty/destitution 4 Farming/agriculture 5 Food shortage/famine 6 Communications infrastructure 7 Wages, incomes and salaries 8 Rates and Taxes 9 Education 10 Health 11 AIDS 12 Crime and Security 13 Water supply 14 Social services (general) 15 Transportation 16 Housing 17 Corruption 18 Political violence 19 Political divisions/ethnic tensions 20 Discrimination/inequality 21 Gender issues 22 Democracy 23 War (international) 26 Inflation/price reduction 27 Management of micro-economy 30 Electricity 31 Sharia issue/Religious crisis 163 Environmental degradation 995 Others 996 No reply/no further reply 997 Refused to answer 999 Don't know Q44_3 Most important problems - 3rd mention Q44_3 Most important problems - 3rd mention Q44_3 Most important problems - 3rd mention Q44_3 Most important problems - 3rd mention Q44_3 Most important problems - 3rd mention In your opinion, what are the most important problems facing this country that government should address? 2210 1 996 -1 Missing data Nothing/No problems 1 Unemployment 2 Management of the economy 3 Poverty/destitution 4 Farming/agriculture 5 Food shortage/famine 6 Communications infrastructure 7 Wages, incomes and salaries 8 Rates and Taxes 9 Education 10 Health 11 AIDS 12 Crime and Security 13 Water supply 14 Social services (general) 15 Transportation 16 Housing 17 Corruption 18 Political violence 19 Political divisions/ethnic tensions 20 Discrimination/inequality 21 Gender issues 22 Democracy 23 War (international) 26 Inflation/price reduction 27 Management of micro-economy 30 Electricity 31 Sharia issue/Religious crisis 163 Environmental degradation 995 Others 996 No reply/no further reply 997 Refused to answer 999 Don't know Q45a Handling economy Q45a Handling economy Q45a Handling economy Q45a Handling economy Q45a Handling economy Now let’s speak about the present government of this country. How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters: Managing the economy? 2210 1 9 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 9 Don't know Q45b Handling jobs Q45b Handling jobs Q45b Handling jobs Q45b Handling jobs Q45b Handling jobs How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters: Creating jobs? 2210 1 9 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 9 Don't know Q45c Handling prices Q45c Handling prices Q45c Handling prices Q45c Handling prices Q45c Handling prices How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters: Keeping prices stable? 2210 1 9 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 9 Don't know Q45d Handling gaps Q45d Handling gaps Q45d Handling gaps Q45d Handling gaps Q45d Handling gaps How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters: Narrowing income gaps between rich and poor? 2210 1 9 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 9 Don't know Q45e Handling crime Q45e Handling crime Q45e Handling crime Q45e Handling crime Q45e Handling crime How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters: Reducing crime? 2210 1 9 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 9 Don't know Q45f Handling health Q45f Handling health Q45f Handling health Q45f Handling health Q45f Handling health How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters: Improving basic health services? 2210 1 9 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 9 Don't know Q45g Handling education Q45g Handling education Q45g Handling education Q45g Handling education Q45g Handling education How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters: Addressing educational needs? 2210 1 9 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 9 Don't know Q45h Handling household water Q45h Handling household water Q45h Handling household water Q45h Handling household water Q45h Handling household water How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters: Delivering household water? 2210 1 9 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 9 Don't know Q45i Handling food security Q45i Handling food security Q45i Handling food security Q45i Handling food security Q45i Handling food security How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters: Ensuring everyone has enough to eat? 2210 1 9 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 9 Don't know Q45j Handling corruption Q45j Handling corruption Q45j Handling corruption Q45j Handling corruption Q45j Handling corruption How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters: Fighting corruption in government? 2210 1 9 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 9 Don't know Q45k Handling conflict resolution Q45k Handling conflict resolution Q45k Handling conflict resolution Q45k Handling conflict resolution Q45k Handling conflict resolution How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters: Resolving conflicts between communities? 2210 1 9 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 9 Don't know Q45l Handling HIV/AIDS Q45l Handling HIV/AIDS Q45l Handling HIV/AIDS Q45l Handling HIV/AIDS Q45l Handling HIV/AIDS How well or badly would you say the current government is handling the following matters: Combating HIV/AIDS? 2210 1 9 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 9 Don't know Q46. AIDS spending Q46. AIDS spending Q46. AIDS spending Q46. AIDS spending Q46. AIDS spending Which of these statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement A or Statement B. A: The government should devote many more resources to combating AIDS, even if this means that less money is spent on things like education. B: There are many other problems facing this country beside AIDS; even if people are dying in large numbers, the government needs to keep its focus on solving other problems. 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very stongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know Q47 Proportion of problems that the government can solve Q47 Proportion of problems that the government can solve Q47 Proportion of problems that the government can solve Q47 Proportion of problems that the government can solve Q47 Proportion of problems that the government can solve What proportion of the country’s problems do you think the government can solve? 2210 1 6 1 All of them 2 Most of them 3 Some of them 4 Very few of them 5 None of them 6 Don't know Q48a Performance: President Q48a Performance: President Q48a Performance: President Q48a Performance: President Q48a Performance: President Do you approve or disapprove of the way the following people have performed their jobs over the past twelve months: President Obasanjo 2210 1 9 1 Strongly Disapprove 2 Disapprove 3 Approve 4 Strongly Approve 9 Don't Know Q48b Performance: Nat Ass Rep Q48b Performance: Nat Ass Rep Q48b Performance: Nat Ass Rep Q48b Performance: Nat Ass Rep Q48b Performance: Nat Ass Rep Do you approve or disapprove of the way the following people have performed their jobs over the past twelve months: Your Representative to the National Assembly? 2210 1 9 1 Strongly Disapprove 2 Disapprove 3 Approve 4 Strongly Approve 9 Don't Know Q48c Performance: State Rep Performance Q48c Performance: State Rep Performance Q48c Performance: State Rep Performance Q48c Performance: State Rep Performance Q48c Performance: State Rep Performance Do you approve or disapprove of the way the following people have performed their jobs over the past twelve months: Your Representative to the State Assembly? 2210 1 9 1 Strongly Disapprove 2 Disapprove 3 Approve 4 Strongly Approve 9 Don't Know Q48d Performance: LG councilor Performance Q48d Performance: LG councilor Performance Q48d Performance: LG councilor Performance Q48d Performance: LG councilor Performance Q48d Performance: LG councilor Performance Do you approve or disapprove of the way the following people have performed their jobs over the past twelve months, or haven’t you heard enough about them to say: Your local government councilor? 2210 1 9 1 Strongly Disapprove 2 Disapprove 3 Approve 4 Strongly Approve 9 Don't Know Q49a Responsibilities of a Rep - 1st Mention Q49a Responsibilities of a Rep - 1st Mention Q49a Responsibilities of a Rep - 1st Mention Q49a Responsibilities of a Rep - 1st Mention Q49a Responsibilities of a Rep - 1st Mention In your opinion, what are the most important responsibilities of your representative to the National Assembly? 2210 1 999 -1 Missing data None 1 Make laws 2 Approve/ratify budget 3 Listen to the people 4 Represent that people 5 Check and balance executive branch 6 Deliver development 7 Fight corruption 8 Make the government work better 9 Ensure economic equality 10 Spend their own money in the constituency 11 To ensure justice 12 To rule/to govern 13 Ensure national unity 14 National security 15 Interpret laws/constitution 16 Civic education 17 Environment 20 Implement education policies 21 Implement health policies 22 Create employment 23 Control prices 24 Control crime 25 Manage the macro-economy 995 Other 997 Refused to answer 999 Don't know Q49b Responsibilities of a Rep - 2nd Mention Q49b Responsibilities of a Rep - 2nd Mention Q49b Responsibilities of a Rep - 2nd Mention Q49b Responsibilities of a Rep - 2nd Mention Q49b Responsibilities of a Rep - 2nd Mention In your opinion, what are the most important responsibilities of your representative to the National Assembly? 2210 1 996 -1 Missing data None 1 Make laws 2 Approve/ratify budget 3 Listen to the people 4 Represent that people 5 Check and balance executive branch 6 Deliver development 7 Fight corruption 8 Make the government work better 9 Ensure economic equality 10 Spend their own money in the constituency 11 To ensure justice 12 To rule/to govern 13 Ensure national unity 14 National security 15 Interpret laws/constitution 16 Civic education 17 Environment 20 Implement education policies 21 Implement health policies 22 Create employment 23 Control prices 24 Control crime 25 Manage the macro-economy 995 Other 996 No further answer 997 Refused to answer 999 Don't know Q49c Responsibilities of a Rep. - 3rd Mention Q49c Responsibilities of a Rep. - 3rd Mention Q49c Responsibilities of a Rep. - 3rd Mention Q49c Responsibilities of a Rep. - 3rd Mention Q49c Responsibilities of a Rep. - 3rd Mention In your opinion, what are the most important responsibilities of your representative to the National Assembly? 2210 1 996 -1 Missing data None 1 Make laws 2 Approve/ratify budget 3 Listen to the people 4 Represent that people 5 Check and balance executive branch 6 Deliver development 7 Fight corruption 8 Make the government work better 9 Ensure economic equality 10 Spend their own money in the constituency 11 To ensure justice 12 To rule/to govern 13 Ensure national unity 14 National security 15 Interpret laws/constitution 16 Civic education 17 Environment 20 Implement education policies 21 Implement health policies 22 Create employment 23 Control prices 24 Control crime 25 Manage the macro-economy 995 Other 996 No further answer 997 Refused to answer 999 Don't know Q50a Leaders look after the interests of people Q50a Leaders look after the interests of people Q50a Leaders look after the interests of people Q50a Leaders look after the interests of people Q50a Leaders look after the interests of people How much of the time do you think elected leaders try their best: To look after the interests of people like you? 2210 9 Never 1 Some of the time 2 Most of the time 3 Always 9 Don't know Q50b Leaders listen to what people have to say Q50b Leaders listen to what people have to say Q50b Leaders listen to what people have to say Q50b Leaders listen to what people have to say Q50b Leaders listen to what people have to say How much of the time do you think elected leaders try their best: To listen to what people like you have to say? 2210 9 Never 1 Some of the time 2 Most of the time 3 Always 9 Don't know Q51a Corruption: Officials in the Presidency Q51a Corruption: Officials in the Presidency Q51a Corruption: Officials in the Presidency Q51a Corruption: Officials in the Presidency Q51a Corruption: Officials in the Presidency How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption: Officials in the Office of the President? 2210 9 None 1 Some of them 2 Most of them 3 All of them 9 Don't Know Q51b Corruption: Elected leaders Q51b Corruption: Elected leaders Q51b Corruption: Elected leaders Q51b Corruption: Elected leaders Q51b Corruption: Elected leaders How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption: Elected leaders? 2210 9 None 1 Some of them 2 Most of them 3 All of them 9 Don't Know Q51c Corruption: Government officials Q51c Corruption: Government officials Q51c Corruption: Government officials Q51c Corruption: Government officials Q51c Corruption: Government officials How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption: Government officials? 2210 9 None 1 Some of them 2 Most of them 3 All of them 9 Don't Know Q51d Corruption: Police Q51d Corruption: Police Q51d Corruption: Police Q51d Corruption: Police Q51d Corruption: Police How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption: Police? 2210 9 None 1 Some of them 2 Most of them 3 All of them 9 Don't Know Q51e Corruption: Border officials Q51e Corruption: Border officials Q51e Corruption: Border officials Q51e Corruption: Border officials Q51e Corruption: Border officials How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption: Border officials (e.g. customs and immigration)? 2210 9 None 1 Some of them 2 Most of them 3 All of them 9 Don't Know Q51f Corruption: Judges and magistrates Q51f Corruption: Judges and magistrates Q51f Corruption: Judges and magistrates Q51f Corruption: Judges and magistrates Q51f Corruption: Judges and magistrates How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption: Judges and magistrates? 2210 9 None 1 Some of them 2 Most of them 3 All of them 9 Don't Know Q51g Corruption: Local businessmen Q51g Corruption: Local businessmen Q51g Corruption: Local businessmen Q51g Corruption: Local businessmen Q51g Corruption: Local businessmen How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption: Local businessmen? 2210 9 None 1 Some of them 2 Most of them 3 All of them 9 Don't Know Q51h Corruption: Foreign businessmen Q51h Corruption: Foreign businessmen Q51h Corruption: Foreign businessmen Q51h Corruption: Foreign businessmen Q51h Corruption: Foreign businessmen How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption: Foreign businessmen? 2210 9 None 1 Some of them 2 Most of them 3 All of them 9 Don't Know Q51i Corruption: Teachers and school administrators Q51i Corruption: Teachers and school administrators Q51i Corruption: Teachers and school administrators Q51i Corruption: Teachers and school administrators Q51i Corruption: Teachers and school administrators How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption: Teachers and school administrators? 2210 9 None 1 Some of them 2 Most of them 3 All of them 9 Don't Know Q51j Corruption: Religious leaders Q51j Corruption: Religious leaders Q51j Corruption: Religious leaders Q51j Corruption: Religious leaders Q51j Corruption: Religious leaders How many of the following people do you think are involved in corruption: Religious leaders? Variable Label: Corruption: Religious leaders 2210 9 None 1 Some of them 2 Most of them 3 All of them 9 Don't Know Q52a Law enforcement: Committed a serious crime? Q52a Law enforcement: Committed a serious crime? Q52a Law enforcement: Committed a serious crime? Q52a Law enforcement: Committed a serious crime? Q52a Law enforcement: Committed a serious crime? How likely do you think it would be that the authorities could enforce the law if a person like yourself: Committed a serious crime? 2210 1 9 1 Not at all likely 2 Not very likely 3 Likely 4 Very likely 9 Don't know Q52b Law enforcement: Evade Tax Q52b Law enforcement: Evade Tax Q52b Law enforcement: Evade Tax Q52b Law enforcement: Evade Tax Q52b Law enforcement: Evade Tax How likely do you think it would be that the authorities could enforce the law if a person like yourself: Did not pay a tax on some of the income they earned? 2210 1 9 1 Not at all likely 2 Not very likely 3 Likely 4 Very likely 9 Don't know Q52c Law Enforcement: Didn't pay for household services Q52c Law Enforcement: Didn't pay for household services Q52c Law Enforcement: Didn't pay for household services Q52c Law Enforcement: Didn't pay for household services Q52c Law Enforcement: Didn't pay for household services How likely do you think it would be that the authorities could enforce the law if a person like yourself: Obtained household services (like water and electricity) without paying? 2210 1 9 1 Not at all likely 2 Not very likely 3 Likely 4 Very likely 9 Don't know Q53a Former vs current govt: Ability to enforce the law Q53a Former vs current govt: Ability to enforce the law Q53a Former vs current govt: Ability to enforce the law Q53a Former vs current govt: Ability to enforce the law Q53a Former vs current govt: Ability to enforce the law Comparing the current government with the former military government, would you say that the one we have now is more or less: Able to enforce the law? Variable Label: Former vs. current government: Ability 2210 1 9 1 Much Less 2 Less 3 About the same 4 More 5 Much More 9 Don't Know Q53b Former vs current govt: Effective delivery of services Q53b Former vs current govt: Effective delivery of services Q53b Former vs current govt: Effective delivery of services Q53b Former vs current govt: Effective delivery of services Q53b Former vs current govt: Effective delivery of services Comparing the current government with the former military government, would you say that the one we have now is more or less: Effective in the delivery of services? 2210 1 9 1 Much Less 2 Less 3 About the same 4 More 5 Much More 9 Don't Know Q53c Former vs current govt: Corruption Q53c Former vs current govt: Corruption Q53c Former vs current govt: Corruption Q53c Former vs current govt: Corruption Q53c Former vs current govt: Corruption Comparing the current government with the former military government, would you say that the one we have now is more or less: Corrupt? 2210 1 9 1 Much Less 2 Less 3 About the same 4 More 5 Much More 9 Don't Know Q53d Former vs current govt: Trustworthy Q53d Former vs current govt: Trustworthy Q53d Former vs current govt: Trustworthy Q53d Former vs current govt: Trustworthy Q53d Former vs current govt: Trustworthy Comparing the current government with the former military government, would you say that the one we have now is more or less: Trustworthy? 2210 1 9 1 Much Less 2 Less 3 About the same 4 More 5 Much More 9 Don't Know Q54 Identity, besides being a Nigerian Q54 Identity, besides being a Nigerian Q54 Identity, besides being a Nigerian Q54 Identity, besides being a Nigerian Q54 Identity, besides being a Nigerian Let’s go back to talking about you. We have spoken to many Nigerians and they have all described themselves in different ways. Some people describe themselves in terms of their language, ethnic group, race, religion, or gender and others describe themselves in economic terms, such as working class, middle class, or a farmer. Besides being Nigerian, which specific group do you feel you belong to first and foremost? 2210 1 15 Can't explain 1 Language/tribe/ethnic group 2 Race 3 Region 4 Religion 5 Occupation 6 Class 7 Gender 8 Individual/personal 10 Won't differentiate/National identity 12 Traditional leader 13 Political party indentity 14 Age-related 15 African/West African/Pan African 89 Other 97 Refused to answer 98 Missing data 99 Don't know Q55 Identity condition Q55 Identity condition Q55 Identity condition Q55 Identity condition Q55 Identity condition Are ____________s’ [respondent’s identity group] economic conditions worse, the same as, or better than other groups in this country? 2210 1 9 1 Much Worse 2 Worse 3 Same 4 Better 5 Much Better 7 Not applicable 9 Don't know Q56 Identity treated fairly Q56 Identity treated fairly Q56 Identity treated fairly Q56 Identity treated fairly Q56 Identity treated fairly How often are ___________s [respondent’s identity group] treated unfairly by the government? Variable Label: Identity group treated unfairly 2210 9 Never 1 Sometimes 2 Often 3 Always 7 Not applicable 9 Don't know Q57 Identity versus Nigerian Q57 Identity versus Nigerian Q57 Identity versus Nigerian Q57 Identity versus Nigerian Q57 Identity versus Nigerian Let us suppose that you had to choose between being a Nigerian and being a ________ [respondent’s identity group]. Which of these two groups do you feel most strongly attached to? 2210 9 Nigerian 1 Identity 7 Not applicable 9 Don't know Q58a Obtaining an identity document Q58a Obtaining an identity document Q58a Obtaining an identity document Q58a Obtaining an identity document Q58a Obtaining an identity document Based on your experience, how easy or difficult is to obtain the following services? Or do you never try and get these services from government? An identity document (such as a birth certificate or passport). 2210 1 9 1 Very Difficult 2 Difficult 3 Easy 4 Very Easy 7 Never Try 9 Don't know Q58b Primary School placement for child Q58b Primary School placement for child Q58b Primary School placement for child Q58b Primary School placement for child Q58b Primary School placement for child Based on your experience, how easy or difficult is to obtain the following services? Or do you never try and get these services from government? A place in primary school for a child. 2210 1 9 1 Very Difficult 2 Difficult 3 Easy 4 Very Easy 7 Never Try 9 Don't know Q58c Obtaining voter registration card for yourself Q58c Obtaining voter registration card for yourself Q58c Obtaining voter registration card for yourself Q58c Obtaining voter registration card for yourself Q58c Obtaining voter registration card for yourself Based on your experience, how easy or difficult is to obtain the following services? Or do you never try and get these services from government? A voter registration card for yourself. 2210 1 9 1 Very Difficult 2 Difficult 3 Easy 4 Very Easy 7 Never Try 9 Don't know Q58d Obtaining household services Q58d Obtaining household services Q58d Obtaining household services Q58d Obtaining household services Q58d Obtaining household services Based on your experience, how easy or difficult is to obtain the following services? Or do you never try and get these services from government? Household services (like piped water, electricity or telephone). 2210 1 9 1 Very Difficult 2 Difficult 3 Easy 4 Very Easy 7 Never Try 9 Don't know Q58e Obtaining loan or payment from government Q58e Obtaining loan or payment from government Q58e Obtaining loan or payment from government Q58e Obtaining loan or payment from government Q58e Obtaining loan or payment from government Based on your experience, how easy or difficult is to obtain the following services? Or do you never try and get these services from government? A loan or payment from government (such as agricultural credit or a welfare grant). 2210 1 9 1 Very Difficult 2 Difficult 3 Easy 4 Very Easy 7 Never Try 9 Don't know Q58f Obtaining help from the police Q58f Obtaining help from the police Q58f Obtaining help from the police Q58f Obtaining help from the police Q58f Obtaining help from the police Based on your experience, how easy or difficult is to obtain the following services? Or do you never try and get these services from government? Help from the police when you need it. 2210 1 9 1 Very Difficult 2 Difficult 3 Easy 4 Very Easy 7 Never Try 9 Don't know Q59a Ever pay bribe to get document or permit Q59a Ever pay bribe to get document or permit Q59a Ever pay bribe to get document or permit Q59a Ever pay bribe to get document or permit Q59a Ever pay bribe to get document or permit In the past year, how often (if ever) have you had to pay a bribe, give a gift, or do a favour to government officials in order to: Get a document or a permit? 2210 9 Never 1 Once or Twice 2 A Few Times 3 Often 9 Don't Know Q59b Ever pay bribe to get child into school Q59b Ever pay bribe to get child into school Q59b Ever pay bribe to get child into school Q59b Ever pay bribe to get child into school Q59b Ever pay bribe to get child into school In the past year, how often (if ever) have you had to pay a bribe, give a gift, or do a favour to government officials in order to: Get a child into school? 2210 9 Never 1 Once or Twice 2 A Few Times 3 Often 9 Don't Know Q59c Ever pay bribe to get household service Q59c Ever pay bribe to get household service Q59c Ever pay bribe to get household service Q59c Ever pay bribe to get household service Q59c Ever pay bribe to get household service In the past year, how often (if ever) have you had to pay a bribe, give a gift, or do a favour to government officials in order to: Get a household service (like piped water, electricity, or phone)? 2210 9 Never 1 Once or Twice 2 A Few Times 3 Often 9 Don't Know Q59d Ever pay bribe to cross a border Q59d Ever pay bribe to cross a border Q59d Ever pay bribe to cross a border Q59d Ever pay bribe to cross a border Q59d Ever pay bribe to cross a border In the past year, how often (if ever) have you had to pay a bribe, give a gift, or do a favour to government officials in order to: Cross a border (like a customs or immigration post)? 2210 9 Never 1 Once or Twice 2 A Few Times 3 Often 9 Don't Know Q59e Ever pay bribe to avoid problem with police Q59e Ever pay bribe to avoid problem with police Q59e Ever pay bribe to avoid problem with police Q59e Ever pay bribe to avoid problem with police Q59e Ever pay bribe to avoid problem with police In the past year, how often (if ever) have you had to pay a bribe, give a gift, or do a favour to government officials in order to: Avoid a problem with the police (like passing a checkpoint or avoiding a fine or arrest)? 2210 9 Never 1 Once or Twice 2 A Few Times 3 Often 9 Don't Know Q59f Ever pay bribe to obtain anything else Q59f Ever pay bribe to obtain anything else Q59f Ever pay bribe to obtain anything else Q59f Ever pay bribe to obtain anything else Q59f Ever pay bribe to obtain anything else In the past year, how often (if ever) have you had to pay a bribe, give a gift, or do a favour to government officials in order to: Anything else? 2210 9 Never 1 Once or Twice 2 A Few Times 3 Often 9 Don't Know Q60 Delay in obtaining government permit or license Q60 Delay in obtaining government permit or license Q60 Delay in obtaining government permit or license Q60 Delay in obtaining government permit or license Q60 Delay in obtaining government permit or license What would you do if you were waiting for a government permit or license, but kept encountering delays? 2210 1 999 1 Don't worry, just wait 2 Offer a tip or a gift to the official 3 Use connections to influential people 4 Write a letter to the head office 5 Do what you want without the permit 6 Do nothing because nothing can be done 999 Don't know Q61 Self-reliance or dependence? Q61 Self-reliance or dependence? Q61 Self-reliance or dependence? Q61 Self-reliance or dependence? Q61 Self-reliance or dependence? Lets talk for a moment about the kind of society we would like to have in this country. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement A or Statement B. A: People should look after themselves and be responsible for their own success in life. B: The government should bear the main responsibility for the well-being of people. 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very stongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know Q62 Community well being ahead or own interest? Q62 Community well being ahead or own interest? Q62 Community well being ahead or own interest? Q62 Community well being ahead or own interest? Q62 Community well being ahead or own interest? Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement A or Statement B. A: Each person should put the well-being of the community ahead of their own interests. B: Everybody should be free to pursue what is best for themselves as individuals. 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very stongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know Q63 Large earmnings gap alright or equality? Q63 Large earmnings gap alright or equality? Q63 Large earmnings gap alright or equality? Q63 Large earmnings gap alright or equality? Q63 Large earmnings gap alright or equality? Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement A or Statement B. A: It is alright to have large differences of wealth because those who work hard deserve to be rewarded. B: We should avoid large gaps between the rich and the poor because they create jealousy and conflict. 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very stongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know Q64 Community decisions or accept differences? Q64 Community decisions or accept differences? Q64 Community decisions or accept differences? Q64 Community decisions or accept differences? Q64 Community decisions or accept differences? Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement A or Statement B. A: In order to make decisions in our community, we should talk until everyone agrees. B: Since we will never agree on everything, we must learn to accept differences of opinion within our community. 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very stongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know Q65 Question leaders or respect them? Q65 Question leaders or respect them? Q65 Question leaders or respect them? Q65 Question leaders or respect them? Q65 Question leaders or respect them? Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement A or Statement B. A: As citizens, we should be more active in questioning the actions of our leaders. B: In our country these days, there is not enough respect for authority. 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very stongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know Q66 All should vote or only the educated? Q66 All should vote or only the educated? Q66 All should vote or only the educated? Q66 All should vote or only the educated? Q66 All should vote or only the educated? Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement A or Statement B. A: All people should be permitted to vote, even if they do not fully understand all the issues in an election. B: Only those who are sufficiently well educated should be allowed to choose our leaders. 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very stongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know Q67 Women rights or traditional role? Q67 Women rights or traditional role? Q67 Women rights or traditional role? Q67 Women rights or traditional role? Q67 Women rights or traditional role? Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement A or Statement B. A: Women have always been subject to traditional laws and customs, and should remain so. B: In our country, women should have equal rights and receive the same treatment as men do. 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very stongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know Q68 Wealthy people or ordinary people? Q68 Wealthy people or ordinary people? Q68 Wealthy people or ordinary people? Q68 Wealthy people or ordinary people? Q68 Wealthy people or ordinary people? Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement A or Statement B. A: It is better to have wealthy people as leaders because they can help provide for the community. B: It is better to have ordinary people as leaders because they understand our needs. 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very stongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know Q69 Leaders should be impartial or help own community? Q69 Leaders should be impartial or help own community? Q69 Leaders should be impartial or help own community? Q69 Leaders should be impartial or help own community? Q69 Leaders should be impartial or help own community? Lets talk for a moment about the kind of society we would like to have in this country. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement A or Statement B. A: Since everyone is equal under the law, leaders should not favour their own family or group. B: Once in office, leaders are obliged to help their home community. 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very stongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know Q70 Government should be a father or employee? Q70 Government should be a father or employee? Q70 Government should be a father or employee? Q70 Government should be a father or employee? Q70 Government should be a father or employee? Lets talk for a moment about the kind of society we would like to have in this country. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement A or Statement B. A: People are like children; the government should take care of them like a father. B: Government is an employee; the people are the bosses who control the government. 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very stongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know Q71a Violent conflicts within your family Q71a Violent conflicts within your family Q71a Violent conflicts within your family Q71a Violent conflicts within your family Q71a Violent conflicts within your family In your experience, how often do violent conflicts arise between people: Within your own family? 2210 9 Never 1 Rarely 2 Sometime 3 Often 4 Always 9 Don't Know Q71b Violent conflicts within community Q71b Violent conflicts within community Q71b Violent conflicts within community Q71b Violent conflicts within community Q71b Violent conflicts within community In your experience, how often do violent conflicts arise between people: Within the community where you live? 2210 9 Never 1 Rarely 2 Sometime 3 Often 4 Always 9 Don't Know Q71c Violent conflicts within nation Q71c Violent conflicts within nation Q71c Violent conflicts within nation Q71c Violent conflicts within nation Q71c Violent conflicts within nation In your experience, how often do violent conflicts arise between people: Between different groups in this country? 2210 9 Never 1 Rarely 2 Sometime 3 Often 4 Always 9 Don't Know Q72a Cause of violent conflicts 1st Mention Q72a Cause of violent conflicts 1st Mention Q72a Cause of violent conflicts 1st Mention Q72a Cause of violent conflicts 1st Mention Q72a Cause of violent conflicts 1st Mention Over what sort of problems do violent conflicts most often arise between different groups in this country? 2210 1 999 -1 Missing data 1 Religion 2 Ethnic/tribal differences 3 Exclusion from political leadership 4 Political party disputes 5 Political leadership disputes 6 Personal properties / inheritance 7 Natural resources 8 Boundary or land disputes 9 Economic problems 10 Social deprivation 11 Traditional leadership disputes 12 Location of local government centers 13 Interpersonal/family matters 14 Group conflict 15 Corruption/illegal activity 16 Labour/workplace disputes 17 Sports supporters 18 Human rights/legal issues/injustices 19 Personal behaviors 995 Other 996 No further answer 997 Not applicable 998 Refused to answer 999 Don't know Q72b Cause of violent conflicts 2nd mention Q72b Cause of violent conflicts 2nd mention Q72b Cause of violent conflicts 2nd mention Q72b Cause of violent conflicts 2nd mention Q72b Cause of violent conflicts 2nd mention Over what sort of problems do violent conflicts most often arise between different groups in this country? 2210 1 997 -1 Missing data 1 Religion 2 Ethnic/tribal differences 3 Exclusion from political leadership 4 Political party disputes 5 Political leadership disputes 6 Personal properties / inheritance 7 Natural resources 8 Boundary or land disputes 9 Economic problems 10 Social deprivation 11 Traditional leadership disputes 12 Location of local government centers 13 Interpersonal/family matters 14 Group conflict 15 Corruption/illegal activity 16 Labour/workplace disputes 17 Sports supporters 18 Human rights/legal issues/injustices 19 Personal behaviors 995 Other 996 No further answer 997 Not applicable 998 Refused to answer 999 Don't know Q72c Cause of violent conflicts 3rd mention Q72c Cause of violent conflicts 3rd mention Q72c Cause of violent conflicts 3rd mention Q72c Cause of violent conflicts 3rd mention Q72c Cause of violent conflicts 3rd mention Over what sort of problems do violent conflicts most often arise between different groups in this country? 2210 1 997 -1 Missing data 1 Religion 2 Ethnic/tribal differences 3 Exclusion from political leadership 4 Political party disputes 5 Political leadership disputes 6 Personal properties / inheritance 7 Natural resources 8 Boundary or land disputes 9 Economic problems 10 Social deprivation 11 Traditional leadership disputes 12 Location of local government centers 13 Interpersonal/family matters 14 Group conflict 15 Corruption/illegal activity 16 Labour/workplace disputes 17 Sports supporters 18 Human rights/legal issues/injustices 19 Personal behaviors 995 Other 996 No further answer 997 Not applicable 998 Refused to answer 999 Don't know Q73_1 Who should resolve violent conflicts 1st Mention Q73_1 Who should resolve violent conflicts 1st Mention Q73_1 Who should resolve violent conflicts 1st Mention Q73_1 Who should resolve violent conflicts 1st Mention Q73_1 Who should resolve violent conflicts 1st Mention Who would do you turn for help to resolve a violent conflict between different groups in this country? 2210 999 -1 Missing data No-one 1 The people involved in the conflict 2 Family/friends/neighbors 3 Traditional chiefs/elders/mediators 4 Traditional courts 5 Local courts 6 Local administration 7 A religious organization or leader 8 A non-governmental organization 9 A vigilante group 10 The armed forces/police 11 Other government agencies 12 National courts 13 *The armed forces of other countries 14 International mediators 15 Federal Government 16 Divine Intervention/God 17 All levels of government 18 President 19 Law makers 990 Conflicts cannot be resolved 996 No further answer 997 Not applicable 998 Refused 999 Don't know Q73_2 Who should resolve violent conflicts 2nd Mention Q73_2 Who should resolve violent conflicts 2nd Mention Q73_2 Who should resolve violent conflicts 2nd Mention Q73_2 Who should resolve violent conflicts 2nd Mention Q73_2 Who should resolve violent conflicts 2nd Mention Who would you turn for help to resolve a violent conflict between different groups in this country? 2210 997 -1 Missing data No-one 1 The people involved in the conflict 2 Family/friends/neighbors 3 Traditional chiefs/elders/mediators 4 Traditional courts 5 Local courts 6 Local administration 7 A religious organization or leader 8 A non-governmental organization 9 A vigilante group 10 The armed forces/police 11 Other government agencies 12 National courts 13 *The armed forces of other countries 14 International mediators 15 Federal Government 16 Divine Intervention/God 17 All levels of government 18 President 19 Law makers 990 Conflicts cannot be resolved 996 No further answer 997 Not applicable 998 Refused 999 Don't know Q73_3 Who should resolve violent conflicts 3rd Mention Q73_3 Who should resolve violent conflicts 3rd Mention Q73_3 Who should resolve violent conflicts 3rd Mention Q73_3 Who should resolve violent conflicts 3rd Mention Q73_3 Who should resolve violent conflicts 3rd Mention Who would you turn for help to resolve a violent conflict between different groups in this country? 2210 997 -1 Missing data No-one 1 The people involved in the conflict 2 Family/friends/neighbors 3 Traditional chiefs/elders/mediators 4 Traditional courts 5 Local courts 6 Local administration 7 A religious organization or leader 8 A non-governmental organization 9 A vigilante group 10 The armed forces/police 11 Other government agencies 12 National courts 13 *The armed forces of other countries 14 International mediators 15 Federal Government 16 Divine Intervention/God 17 All levels of government 18 President 19 Law makers 990 Conflicts cannot be resolved 996 No further answer 997 Not applicable 998 Refused 999 Don't know Q74 Man can beat or no physical violence? Q74 Man can beat or no physical violence? Q74 Man can beat or no physical violence? Q74 Man can beat or no physical violence? Q74 Man can beat or no physical violence? Once again, please tell me which of the following statements is closest to your view. Choose Statement A or Statement B. A: A married man has a right to beat his wife and children if they misbehave. B: No-one has the right to use physical violence against anyone else. 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very stongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know Q75 Turn to police or take revenge? Q75 Turn to police or take revenge? Q75 Turn to police or take revenge? Q75 Turn to police or take revenge? Q75 Turn to police or take revenge? Once again, please tell me which of the following statements is closest to your view. Choose Statement A or Statement B. A: If you were a victim of a violent crime, you would turn for help to the police. B: If you were the victim of a violent crime, you would find a way to take revenge yourself. 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very stongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know Q76 Violence never justified or sometimes necessary? Q76 Violence never justified or sometimes necessary? Q76 Violence never justified or sometimes necessary? Q76 Violence never justified or sometimes necessary? Q76 Violence never justified or sometimes necessary? Once again, please tell me which of the following statements is closest to your view. Choose Statement A or Statement B. A: The use of violence is never justified in Nigerian politics. B: In this country, it is sometimes necessary to use violence in support of a just cause. 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very stongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know Q77 Nigeria should be unite or split? Q77 Nigeria should be unite or split? Q77 Nigeria should be unite or split? Q77 Nigeria should be unite or split? Q77 Nigeria should be unite or split? Once again, please tell me which of the following statements is closest to your view. Choose Statement A or Statement B. A: Even if there are conflicts among different groups, Nigeria should remain united as one country. B: The differences among Nigerians are too strong; for the sake of peace, the country should be broken apart. 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very stongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know Q78 Sharia or one legal system? Q78 Sharia or one legal system? Q78 Sharia or one legal system? Q78 Sharia or one legal system? Q78 Sharia or one legal system? Once again, please tell me which of the following statements is closest to your view. Choose Statement A or Statement B. A: It is acceptable for different parts of the country to have different legal systems, including sharia law. B: Nigeria is a secular state; it should have one, non-religious legal system that applies to all people. 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very stongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know Q79 Oil revenues for host communities or federal government Q79 Oil revenues for host communities or federal government Q79 Oil revenues for host communities or federal government Q79 Oil revenues for host communities or federal government Q79 Oil revenues for host communities or federal government Which of these three statements is closest to your own opinion? A: More revenue from oil should go to the communities in the states where oil is produced. B: More revenue from oil should go to the Federal Government for the use of all Nigerians. 2210 1 9 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very stongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know Q80 Age Q80 Age Q80 Age Q80 Age Q80 Age Finally, let us record a few facts about yourself. How old were you at your last birthday? 2210 18 90 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 89 89 90 90 91 91 92 92 93 93 94 94 95 95 96 96 97 97 98 98 99 99 100 100 101 101 102 102 103 103 104 104 105 105 106 106 107 107 108 108 109 109 110 110 111 111 112 112 113 113 114 114 115 115 116 116 117 117 118 118 119 119 120 120 121 Don't know Q81 Head of household Q81 Head of household Q81 Head of household Q81 Head of household Q81 Head of household Are you the head of the household? 2210 9 No 1 Yes 9 Don't know Q82 Children <18yrs in household Q82 Children <18yrs in household Q82 Children <18yrs in household Q82 Children <18yrs in household Q82 Children <18yrs in household In your household, how many children are there under the age of 18? 2210 1 99 1 2 1 3 2 4 3 5 4 6 5 7 6 8 7 9 8 10 9 11 10 12 11 13 12 14 13 15 14 16 15 17 16 18 17 19 18 20 19 21 20 22 21 23 22 24 23 25 24 26 25 27 26 28 27 29 28 30 29 31 30 32 31 33 32 34 33 35 34 36 35 37 36 38 37 39 38 40 39 41 40 42 41 43 42 44 43 45 44 46 45 47 46 48 47 49 48 50 49 51 50 52 51 53 52 54 53 55 54 56 55 57 56 58 57 59 58 60 59 61 60 62 61 63 62 64 63 65 64 66 65 67 66 68 67 69 68 70 69 71 70 72 71 73 72 74 73 75 74 76 75 77 76 78 77 79 78 80 79 81 80 82 81 83 82 84 83 85 84 86 85 87 86 88 87 89 88 90 89 91 90 92 91 93 92 94 93 95 94 96 95 97 96 98 97 99 Don't know Q83 Language of origin Q83 Language of origin Q83 Language of origin Q83 Language of origin Q83 Language of origin Which Nigerian language is your home language? 2210 260 995 1 English 13 Esan 14 Etsakor 15 Calabar 16 Delta 17 Auchi 18 Itshekiri 20 Ikwere 21 Challa 22 Ogoni 23 Yagba 24 Ukwani 25 Biron 26 Youm 27 Koro 28 Idoma 30 Wurkum 31 Otuo 32 Jarewa 33 Taron 34 Anwwai 35 Angas/Ngas 36 Mupun 37 Marwa 38 Goemai 39 Owan 40 Afzene 41 Ndunkwa 42 Ika 43 Bassangai 45 Zo 46 Kakanda 47 Oworo 48 Okirika 49 Ikewun 50 Ibani 51 Anag 52 Ogu 53 Igbani 54 Kalabari 55 Abua/Odua 56 Ogba 57 Jukun 58 Gizime 59 Kieba 60 Dakka 61 Bwate 62 Adoni 63 Fulfulde 64 Jagali mizza 65 Eket 66 Yanger 67 Falli 68 Obiobio 69 Bawarje 70 Warjichi 71 Warji 72 Wajawa 73 Iseyewa 74 Sanga 75 Sulluboa 76 Bagurdire 77 Bagalamba 78 Mada 79 Akarkarya 80 Marghi 81 Ayigi 82 Bura 83 Kanalanru 84 Assiga 85 Ngulade 86 Babar 87 Laka 260 Hausa 261 Yoruba 262 Igbo 263 Tiv 264 Ijaw 265 Kanuri 266 Nupe 267 Ibibio 268 Efik 269 Edo 270 Igala/Idoma 271 Urhobo 272 Ebira 273 Fulani 274 Isoko 995 Other Q84 Education Q84 Education Q84 Education Q84 Education Q84 Education What is the highest level of education you have completed? 2210 9 No formal schooling 1 Informal schooling 2 Some primary schooling 3 Primary school completed 4 Some secondary school/high school 5 Secondary school completed/high school 6 Post-secondary qualifications, not university 7 Some university, college 8 University, college completed 9 Post-graduate 99 Don't know Q85 Religion Q85 Religion Q85 Religion Q85 Religion Q85 Religion What is your religion, if any? 2210 9 None 1 Islam 2 Catholic 3 Protestant (Mainstream) 4 Protestant (Evangelical/Pentecostal) 5 African Independent Church 6 Traditional religion 7 Hindu 8 Agnostic (Do not know if there is a God) 9 Atheist (Do not believe in a God) 10 Other 99 Do not know Q86 Religiosity Q86 Religiosity Q86 Religiosity Q86 Religiosity Q86 Religiosity Excluding weddings and funerals, how often do you attend religious services? 2210 1 9 1 Never 2 About once a year or less 3 About once every several months 4 About once a month 5 About once a week 6 More than once a week 9 Don't know Q87 Close to party? Q87 Close to party? Q87 Close to party? Q87 Close to party? Q87 Close to party? Do you feel close to any particular political party or political organization? If so, which party or organization is that? 2210 999 No 260 Yes, People's Democratic Party (PDP) 261 Yes, All People's Party (APP) 262 Yes, Alliance for Democracy (AD) 995 Other 998 Refused to answer 999 Don't know Q88 Main occupation Q88 Main occupation Q88 Main occupation Q88 Main occupation Q88 Main occupation What is your main occupation? (If unemployed, what was your last main occupation?) 2210 999 Never Had A Job 1 Farmer (produces only for home consumption) 2 *Farmer (produces surplus for sale) 3 **Farmer (produces mainly for sale) 4 Farm worker 5 Fisherman 6 Trader/Hawker/Vendor 7 Businessperson 8 Professional Worker/Lawyer/Accountant 9 Supervisor/Foreman 10 Clerical Worker 11 Technical Worker/Skilled Manual Worker 12 Miner 13 Artisan/Informal Sector Manual Worker 14 Domestic Worker 15 Teacher 16 Government Worker 17 Armed Services/Police/ Security Personnel 18 Student 19 Housewife/Works In the Household 23 Clergy 24 Tradition ruler 27 Driver 991 Retired 992 Disabled 995 Other 999 Don't know Q89 Employment status Q89 Employment status Q89 Employment status Q89 Employment status Q89 Employment status Do you have a job that pays a cash income? Is it full-time or part-time? And are you presently looking for a job (even if you are presently working)? 2210 9 No (not looking) 1 No (looking) 2 Yes, part time (not looking) 3 *Yes, part time (looking) 4 Yes, full time (not looking) 5 *Yes, full time (looking) 9 Don't know Q90 Monthly Income (before tax, self & spouse) Q90 Monthly Income (before tax, self & spouse) Q90 Monthly Income (before tax, self & spouse) Q90 Monthly Income (before tax, self & spouse) Q90 Monthly Income (before tax, self & spouse) Before taxes, how much money do you (and your spouse together) earn per month? 2210 99 None 1 Less than 500 naira 2 501-1,000 naira 3 1001-2,000 naira 4 2001-4,000 naira 5 4001-6,000 naira 6 6001-8,000 naira 7 8001-10,000 naira 8 10,001-20,000 naira 9 20,001-50,000 naira 10 Over 50,000 naira 99 Don't know Q90new Monthly Income (before tax, self & spouse) Q90new Monthly Income (before tax, self & spouse) Q90new Monthly Income (before tax, self & spouse) Q90new Monthly Income (before tax, self & spouse) Q90new Monthly Income (before tax, self & spouse) Before taxes, how much money do you (and your spouse together) earn per month? 2210 999 None 400 Less than 500 naira 401 501-1,000 naira 402 1001-2,000 naira 403 2001-4,000 naira 404 4001-6,000 naira 405 6001-8,000 naira 406 8001-10,000 naira 407 10,001-20,000 naira 408 20,001-50,000 naira 409 Over 50,000 naira 999 Don't know Q91 Depend on a government salaried worker Q91 Depend on a government salaried worker Q91 Depend on a government salaried worker Q91 Depend on a government salaried worker Q91 Depend on a government salaried worker Do you or your household rely on the income of anyone who earns a salary as a worker for a government agency? Including a salary of a teacher in a public school? 2210 9 No 1 Yes 9 Don't know Q92 Financial situation Q92 Financial situation Q92 Financial situation Q92 Financial situation Q92 Financial situation How would you describe your household financial situation in the last year? Did you save money, spend all your income, spend some of your own savings, or borrow money to live on? 2210 9 Both spend savings AND borrow money 1 Borrow money to live on 2 Spend some savings 3 Spend all income (break even) 4 Save money 9 Don't know Q93a Physical health Q93a Physical health Q93a Physical health Q93a Physical health Q93a Physical health In the last month, how much of the time: Has your physical health reduced the amount of work you would normally do inside or outside your home? 2210 9 Never 1 Just once or twice 2 Many times 3 Always 9 Don't Know Q93b Mental health Q93b Mental health Q93b Mental health Q93b Mental health Q93b Mental health In the last month, how much of the time: Have you been so worried or anxious that you have felt tired, worn out, or exhausted? 2210 9 Never 1 Just once or twice 2 Several times 3 Many times 4 Often 9 Don't Know Q94 Died of AIDS Q94 Died of AIDS Q94 Died of AIDS Q94 Died of AIDS Q94 Died of AIDS Do you know a close friend or relative who has died of AIDS? 2210 999 No 990 Yes 998 Will not say/Refused 999 Don't know Q95 Perceived survey sponsor Q95 Perceived survey sponsor Q95 Perceived survey sponsor Q95 Perceived survey sponsor Q95 Perceived survey sponsor Who do you think sent us to do this interview? 2210 999 -1 Missing data No one 1 Government (general) 2 Government (Federal)/senator 3 Government (State) 4 Government (Local)/Councillor 5 President/Obasanjo/President's Office 6 State Governor 7 Federal Office of Statistics/Census Office 8 Federal Ministry of Health 9 NGOs (organization to fight AIDS, Human rights groups) 10 Government Ministry/Agency (general) 11 Nigerian Labor Congress 12 International Organizations or Actors 13 Ministry of Information 20 RMS/research programme/research company 21 Newspapers/media 22 Political parties/politicians 23 University/college/school (project)/Institution 995 Other (God, private initiative,investor) 998 Refused to answer 999 Don't know Time interview ended 2210 Q96 Gender Q96 Gender Q96 Gender Q96 Gender Q96 Gender Respondent’s gender 2210 1 2 1 Female 2 Male Q97 Language of Interview Q97 Language of Interview Q97 Language of Interview Q97 Language of Interview Q97 Language of Interview Which languages was the interview conducted in? 2210 1 995 1 English 13 Esan 14 Etsakor 15 Calabar 16 Delta 17 Auchi 18 Itshekiri 20 Ikwere 21 Challa 22 Ogoni 23 Yagba 24 Ukwani 25 Biron 26 Youm 27 Koro 28 Idoma 30 Wurkum 31 Otuo 32 Jarewa 33 Taron 34 Anwwai 35 Angas/Ngas 36 Mupun 37 Marwa 38 Goemai 39 Owan 40 Afzene 41 Ndunkwa 42 Ika 43 Bassangai 45 Zo 46 Kakanda 47 Oworo 48 Okirika 49 Ikewun 50 Ibani 51 Anag 52 Ogu 53 Igbani 54 Kalabari 55 Abua/Odua 56 Ogba 57 Jukun 58 Gizime 59 Kieba 60 Dakka 61 Bwate 62 Adoni 63 Fulfulde 64 Jagali mizza 65 Eket 66 Yanger 67 Falli 68 Obiobio 69 Bawarje 70 Warjichi 71 Warji 72 Wajawa 73 Iseyewa 74 Sanga 75 Sulluboa 76 Bagurdire 77 Bagalamba 78 Mada 79 Akarkarya 80 Marghi 81 Ayigi 82 Bura 83 Kanalanru 84 Assiga 85 Ngulade 86 Babar 87 Laka 260 Hausa 261 Yoruba 262 Igbo 263 Tiv 264 Ijaw 265 Kanuri 266 Nupe 267 Ibibio 268 Efik 269 Edo 270 Igala/Idoma 271 Urhobo 272 Ebira 273 Fulani 274 Isoko 995 Other Q98 Housing type Q98 Housing type Q98 Housing type Q98 Housing type Q98 Housing type In what type of shelter does the respondent live? 2210 1 7 1 Non-traditional/Formal House/Duplex 2 Traditional House/Hut 3 Temporary structure/Shack 4 Flat in block of flats 5 Single Room in larger dwelling structure or backyard 6 Room in hotel, residential hotel 7 Hostel in Industrial or Farming Compound 8 Other Q99 Persons present Q99 Persons present Q99 Persons present Q99 Persons present Q99 Persons present Were there any other people immediately present who might be listening during the interview? 2210 1 5 1 No one 2 Spouse 3 Children Only 4 A few others 5 Small crowd Q100 Checked with others Q100 Checked with others Q100 Checked with others Q100 Checked with others Q100 Checked with others Did the respondent check with others for information to answer any question? 2210 1 No 1 Yes Q101 Influenced by others Q101 Influenced by others Q101 Influenced by others Q101 Influenced by others Q101 Influenced by others Do you think that anyone influenced the respondent’s answers during the interview? 2210 1 No 1 Yes Q102 Difficulty answering Q102 Difficulty answering Q102 Difficulty answering Q102 Difficulty answering Q102 Difficulty answering What proportion of the questions do you feel the respondent had difficulty answering? 2210 4 None 1 Few 2 Some 3 Most 4 All Q103a Respondent friendly? Q103a Respondent friendly? Q103a Respondent friendly? Q103a Respondent friendly? Q103a Respondent friendly? What was the respondent’s attitude toward you during the interview: friendly, in between, or hostile? 2210 1 3 1 Friendly 2 In between 3 Hostile Q103b Respondent interested? Q103b Respondent interested? Q103b Respondent interested? Q103b Respondent interested? Q103b Respondent interested? What was the respondent’s attitude toward you during the interview: interested, in between, or bored? 2210 1 3 1 Interested 2 In between 3 Bored Q103c Respondent cooperative? Q103c Respondent cooperative? Q103c Respondent cooperative? Q103c Respondent cooperative? Q103c Respondent cooperative? What was the respondent’s attitude toward you during the interview: cooperative, in between, or uncooperative? 2210 1 3 1 Cooperative 2 In between 3 Uncooperative Q103d Respondent patient? Q103d Respondent patient? Q103d Respondent patient? Q103d Respondent patient? Q103d Respondent patient? What was the respondent’s attitude toward you during the interview: patient, in between, or impatient? 2210 1 3 1 Patient 2 In between 3 Impatient Q103e Respondent at ease? Q103e Respondent at ease? Q103e Respondent at ease? Q103e Respondent at ease? Q103e Respondent at ease? What was the respondent’s attitude toward you during the interview: at ease, in between, or suspicious? 2210 1 3 1 At ease 2 In between 3 Suspicious Q103f Respondent honest? Q103f Respondent honest? Q103f Respondent honest? Q103f Respondent honest? Q103f Respondent honest? What was the respondent’s attitude toward you during the interview: honest, in between, or misleading? 2210 1 3 1 Honest 2 In between 3 Misleading Q104A Neighbors interested? Q104A Neighbors interested? Q104A Neighbors interested? Q104A Neighbors interested? Q104A Neighbors interested? Did your presence in the area arouse interest from neighbors? 2210 1 No 1 Yes Q104B Neighbors suspicious? Q104B Neighbors suspicious? Q104B Neighbors suspicious? Q104B Neighbors suspicious? Q104B Neighbors suspicious? Did your presence in the area arouse suspicion from neighbors? 2210 1 No 1 Yes Q104C Neighbors afraid? Q104C Neighbors afraid? Q104C Neighbors afraid? Q104C Neighbors afraid? Q104C Neighbors afraid? Did your presence in the area arouse fear from neighbors? 2210 1 No 1 Yes Q104D Political representatives? Q104D Political representatives? Q104D Political representatives? Q104D Political representatives? Q104D Political representatives? Were you approached by community and, or political party representatives? 2210 1 No 1 Yes Q104e Feel threatened? Q104e Feel threatened? Q104e Feel threatened? Q104e Feel threatened? Q104e Feel threatened? Did you feel threatened during the interview? 2210 1 No 1 Yes Q104f Physically threatened? Q104f Physically threatened? Q104f Physically threatened? Q104f Physically threatened? Q104f Physically threatened? Were you physically threatened during the interview? 2210 1 No 1 Yes Q107 Interviewer's age Q107 Interviewer's age Q107 Interviewer's age Q107 Interviewer's age Q107 Interviewer's age Interviewer’s age 2210 18 42 -1 Missing data 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 34 38 42 99 Don't know Q108 Interviewer's gender Q108 Interviewer's gender Q108 Interviewer's gender Q108 Interviewer's gender Q108 Interviewer's gender Interviewer’s gender 2210 1 2 1 Female 2 Male Q109 Interviewer's origin (Urban/Rural) Q109 Interviewer's origin (Urban/Rural) Q109 Interviewer's origin (Urban/Rural) Q109 Interviewer's origin (Urban/Rural) Q109 Interviewer's origin (Urban/Rural) Do you come from a rural or urban area? 2210 1 2 1 Rural 2 Urban Q110 Interviewer's home language Q110 Interviewer's home language Q110 Interviewer's home language Q110 Interviewer's home language Q110 Interviewer's home language Interviewer’s home language Variable Label: Interviewer’s home language 2210 1 995 1 English 13 Esan 14 Etsakor 15 Calabar 16 Delta 17 Auchi 18 Itshekiri 20 Ikwere 21 Challa 22 Ogoni 23 Yagba 24 Ukwani 25 Biron 26 Youm 27 Koro 28 Idoma 30 Wurkum 31 Otuo 32 Jarewa 33 Taron 34 Anwwai 35 Angas/Ngas 36 Mupun 37 Marwa 38 Goemai 39 Owan 40 Afzene 41 Ndunkwa 42 Ika 43 Bassangai 45 Zo 46 Kakanda 47 Oworo 48 Okirika 49 Ikewun 50 Ibani 51 Anag 52 Ogu 53 Igbani 54 Kalabari 55 Abua/Odua 56 Ogba 57 Jukun 58 Gizime 59 Kieba 60 Dakka 61 Bwate 62 Adoni 63 Fulfulde 64 Jagali mizza 65 Eket 66 Yanger 67 Falli 68 Obiobio 69 Bawarje 70 Warjichi 71 Warji 72 Wajawa 73 Iseyewa 74 Sanga 75 Sulluboa 76 Bagurdire 77 Bagalamba 78 Mada 79 Akarkarya 80 Marghi 81 Ayigi 82 Bura 83 Kanalanru 84 Assiga 85 Ngulade 86 Babar 87 Laka 260 Hausa 261 Yoruba 262 Igbo 263 Tiv 264 Ijaw 265 Kanuri 266 Nupe 267 Ibibio 268 Efik 269 Edo 270 Igala/Idoma 271 Urhobo 272 Ebira 273 Fulani 274 Isoko 995 Other Q111 Interviewer's education Q111 Interviewer's education Q111 Interviewer's education Q111 Interviewer's education Q111 Interviewer's education Interviewer’s highest level of education 2210 4 9 No formal schooling 1 Informal schooling (including Koranic) only 2 Some primary schooling 3 Primary school completed 4 Some high school 5 High school completed 6 Post secondary qualifications (not university ) 7 Some university, college 8 University, college completed 9 Post graduate Q112a Post-office Q112a Post-office Q112a Post-office Q112a Post-office Q112a Post-office Were the following services present in the primary sampling unit/sector: Post-office? 2210 9 No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Q112b School Q112b School Q112b School Q112b School Q112b School Were the following services present in the primary sampling unit/sector: School? 2210 9 No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Q112c Police station Q112c Police station Q112c Police station Q112c Police station Q112c Police station Were the following services present in the primary sampling unit/sector: Police station? 2210 9 No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Q112d Regular bus or taxi service Q112d Regular bus or taxi service Q112d Regular bus or taxi service Q112d Regular bus or taxi service Q112d Regular bus or taxi service Were the following services present in the primary sampling unit/sector: Regular bus or taxi service? 2210 9 No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Q112e Public Electricity grid Q112e Public Electricity grid Q112e Public Electricity grid Q112e Public Electricity grid Q112e Public Electricity grid Were the following services present in the primary sampling unit/sector: Electricity grid that most houses could access? 2210 9 No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Q112f Public Piped water system Q112f Public Piped water system Q112f Public Piped water system Q112f Public Piped water system Q112f Public Piped water system Were the following services present in the primary sampling unit/sector: Piped water system that most houses could access? 2210 9 No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Q112g Public Sewage system Q112g Public Sewage system Q112g Public Sewage system Q112g Public Sewage system Q112g Public Sewage system Were the following services present in the primary sampling unit/sector: Sewage system that most houses could access? 2210 9 No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Q112h Railway Station Q112h Railway Station Q112h Railway Station Q112h Railway Station Q112h Railway Station Were the following services present in the primary sampling unit/sector: Railway station? 2210 9 No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Q112i Health Clinic Q112i Health Clinic Q112i Health Clinic Q112i Health Clinic Q112i Health Clinic Were the following services present in the primary sampling unit/sector: Health clinic? 2210 9 No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Q112j Recreational facilities Q112j Recreational facilities Q112j Recreational facilities Q112j Recreational facilities Q112j Recreational facilities Were the following services present in the primary sampling unit/sector: Recreational facilities for e.g. a sports field? 2210 9 No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Q112k Churches & mosques Q112k Churches & mosques Q112k Churches & mosques Q112k Churches & mosques Q112k Churches & mosques Were the following services present in the primary sampling unit/sector: Any churches, mosques, temples or other places of worship? 2210 9 No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Q112l Town halls Q112l Town halls Q112l Town halls Q112l Town halls Q112l Town halls Were the following services present in the primary sampling unit/sector: Any town halls or community buildings that can be used for meetings? 2210 9 No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Q112m Petrol station Q112m Petrol station Q112m Petrol station Q112m Petrol station Q112m Petrol station Were the following services present in the primary sampling unit/sector: Petrol station? 2210 9 No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Q112n Bottle store/bar/beer parlour Q112n Bottle store/bar/beer parlour Q112n Bottle store/bar/beer parlour Q112n Bottle store/bar/beer parlour Q112n Bottle store/bar/beer parlour Were the following services present in the primary sampling unit/sector: Bottle store/bar/beer parlour? 2210 9 No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Q112o Supermarket Q112o Supermarket Q112o Supermarket Q112o Supermarket Q112o Supermarket Were the following services present in the primary sampling unit/sector: Supermarket (food and/or clothing)? 2210 9 No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Q112p Cafes/eating places/corner shops Q112p Cafes/eating places/corner shops Q112p Cafes/eating places/corner shops Q112p Cafes/eating places/corner shops Q112p Cafes/eating places/corner shops Were the following services present in the primary sampling unit/sector: Cafes/eating places/corner shops? 2210 9 No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Q112q Market stalls Q112q Market stalls Q112q Market stalls Q112q Market stalls Q112q Market stalls Were the following services present in the primary sampling unit/sector: Market stalls (selling groceries and/or clothing)? 2210 9 No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Q113a Sight policemen or police vehicles Q113a Sight policemen or police vehicles Q113a Sight policemen or police vehicles Q113a Sight policemen or police vehicles Q113a Sight policemen or police vehicles In the PSU/sector, did you (or any of your colleagues) see: Any policemen or police vehicles? 2210 9 No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Q113b Sight soldiers or army vehicles Q113b Sight soldiers or army vehicles Q113b Sight soldiers or army vehicles Q113b Sight soldiers or army vehicles Q113b Sight soldiers or army vehicles In the PSU/sector, did you (or any of your colleagues) see: Any soldiers or army vehicles? 2210 9 No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Q113c Crop gardens Q113c Crop gardens Q113c Crop gardens Q113c Crop gardens Q113c Crop gardens In the PSU/sector, did you (or any of your colleagues) see: Any gardens or fields attached to households containing evidence of crops/vegetables being grown? 2210 9 No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Q113d Livestock gardens Q113d Livestock gardens Q113d Livestock gardens Q113d Livestock gardens Q113d Livestock gardens In the PSU/sector, did you (or any of your colleagues) see: Any gardens or fields attached to households containing livestock such as goats, sheep, cows or horses? 2210 9 No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Q113e Tree gardens Q113e Tree gardens Q113e Tree gardens Q113e Tree gardens Q113e Tree gardens In the PSU/sector, did you (or any of your colleagues) see: Any yards, gardens or fields attached to households with trees growing in them that were larger than one storey in height? 2210 9 No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Q114a Sign posted Q114a Sign posted Q114a Sign posted Q114a Sign posted Q114a Sign posted Thinking of the journey here: Was your destination clearly sign posted along the last 10km of your journey? 2210 1 No 1 Yes 8 NA Q114b Stop/give way signs Q114b Stop/give way signs Q114b Stop/give way signs Q114b Stop/give way signs Q114b Stop/give way signs Thinking of the journey here: Were there any stop/give way signs along the last 10km of your journey? 2210 1 No 1 Yes 8 NA Q114c Traffic lights/warden Q114c Traffic lights/warden Q114c Traffic lights/warden Q114c Traffic lights/warden Q114c Traffic lights/warden Thinking of the journey here: Were there any traffic lights/warden along the last 10km of your journey? Variable Label: Traffic lights/warden 2210 1 No 1 Yes 8 NA Q114d Traffic lights working? Q114d Traffic lights working? Q114d Traffic lights working? Q114d Traffic lights working? Q114d Traffic lights working? Thinking of the journey here: If yes to C above, were all of them in working order? 2210 -1 7 -1 Missing data No 1 Yes 7 Not applicable Q114e Water-filled river Q114e Water-filled river Q114e Water-filled river Q114e Water-filled river Q114e Water-filled river Thinking of the journey here: Was there a water-filled river during the last 1km of your journey? 2210 1 No 1 Yes 8 NA Q114f Water-filled dam or lake Q114f Water-filled dam or lake Q114f Water-filled dam or lake Q114f Water-filled dam or lake Q114f Water-filled dam or lake Thinking of the journey here: Was there a water-filled dam or lake during the last 1km of your journey? 2210 1 No 1 Yes 8 NA Q115a Graded dirt Q115a Graded dirt Q115a Graded dirt Q115a Graded dirt Q115a Graded dirt Roughly how much of the last 10 km of your journey were spent on these different sorts of roads: Graded sand/dirt roads? 2210 1 4 1 0 kms 2 < 5 kms 3 5 - 10 kms 4 All Q115b Ungraded dirt Q115b Ungraded dirt Q115b Ungraded dirt Q115b Ungraded dirt Q115b Ungraded dirt Roughly how much of the last 10 km of your journey were spent on these different sorts of roads: Ungraded dirt roads? 2210 1 4 1 0 kms 2 < 5 kms 3 5 - 10 kms 4 All Q115c Off road Q115c Off road Q115c Off road Q115c Off road Q115c Off road Roughly how much of the last 10 km of your journey were spent on these different sorts of roads: Off road? 2210 1 4 1 0 kms 2 < 5 kms 3 5 - 10 kms 4 All Q115d Tarred road Q115d Tarred road Q115d Tarred road Q115d Tarred road Q115d Tarred road Roughly how much of the last 10 km of your journey were spent on these different sorts of roads: Tarred or concrete roads? 2210 1 4 1 0 kms 2 < 5 kms 3 5 - 10 kms 4 All intid intid intid intid intid 2210 9019 Weight to correct for NE undersample, SS oversample Weight to correct for NE undersample, SS oversample Weight to correct for NE undersample, SS oversample Weight to correct for NE undersample, SS oversample Weight to correct for NE undersample, SS oversample 2210 0.749 1.449 0.749 South South 1 All other regions 1.449 North East Q38 SUPPORT FOR DEMOCRACY, REVERSED and recoded (w/o DKs) Q38 SUPPORT FOR DEMOCRACY, REVERSED and recoded (w/o DKs) Q38 SUPPORT FOR DEMOCRACY, REVERSED and recoded (w/o DKs) Q38 SUPPORT FOR DEMOCRACY, REVERSED and recoded (w/o DKs) Q38 SUPPORT FOR DEMOCRACY, REVERSED and recoded (w/o DKs) 2168 42 1 3 1 It doesn't matter what kind of govt 2 A non-democratic govt can be prefera 3 Democracy always preferable Sysmiss Q30 Support elections, REVERSED and recoded Q30 Support elections, REVERSED and recoded Q30 Support elections, REVERSED and recoded Q30 Support elections, REVERSED and recoded Q30 Support elections, REVERSED and recoded 2200 10 1 4 1 A, V Strongly Agree 2 A, Agree 2.5 3 B, Agree 4 B, V Strongly Agree Sysmiss Q31 Support multiple parties, recoded (w/o DKs) Q31 Support multiple parties, recoded (w/o DKs) Q31 Support multiple parties, recoded (w/o DKs) Q31 Support multiple parties, recoded (w/o DKs) Q31 Support multiple parties, recoded (w/o DKs) 2188 22 1 4 1 A, V Strongly Agree 2 A, Agree 2.5 3 B, Agree 4 B, V Strongly Agree Sysmiss Q32 Support presidential term limits, rcoded (w/o DKs) Q32 Support presidential term limits, rcoded (w/o DKs) Q32 Support presidential term limits, rcoded (w/o DKs) Q32 Support presidential term limits, rcoded (w/o DKs) Q32 Support presidential term limits, rcoded (w/o DKs) 2165 45 1 4 1 A, V Strongly Agree 2 A, Agree 2.5 3 B, Agree 4 B, V Strongly Agree Sysmiss Q33 Support legislative checks and balances, REVERSED and recoded Q33 Support legislative checks and balances, REVERSED and recoded Q33 Support legislative checks and balances, REVERSED and recoded Q33 Support legislative checks and balances, REVERSED and recoded Q33 Support legislative checks and balances, REVERSED and recoded 2125 85 1 4 1 A, V Strongly Agree 2 A, Agree 2.5 3 B, Agree 4 B, V Strongly Agree Sysmiss Support Democratic System (index of 4 components add/4) Support Democratic System (index of 4 components add/4) Support Democratic System (index of 4 components add/4) Support Democratic System (index of 4 components add/4) Support Democratic System (index of 4 components add/4) 2105 105 1 4 1 1.25 1.5 1.625 1.75 1.875 2 2.125 2.25 2.375 2.5 2.625 2.75 2.875 3 3.125 3.25 3.375 3.5 3.625 3.75 4 Sysmiss Q40. SATISFACTION WITH DEMOCRACY, recoded Q40. SATISFACTION WITH DEMOCRACY, recoded Q40. SATISFACTION WITH DEMOCRACY, recoded Q40. SATISFACTION WITH DEMOCRACY, recoded Q40. SATISFACTION WITH DEMOCRACY, recoded 2176 34 4 Nigeria is not a democracy 1 Not at all satisfied 2 Not very satisfied 3 Fairly satisfied 4 Very satisfied Sysmiss Lagos state, dummy Lagos state, dummy Lagos state, dummy Lagos state, dummy Lagos state, dummy 2210 1 Not Lagos 1 Lagos state Southwest region, dummy Southwest region, dummy Southwest region, dummy Southwest region, dummy Southwest region, dummy 2210 1 Other regions 1 Southwest Southeast region, dummy Southeast region, dummy Southeast region, dummy Southeast region, dummy Southeast region, dummy 2210 1 Other regions 1 Southeast Southsouth region, dummy Southsouth region, dummy Southsouth region, dummy Southsouth region, dummy Southsouth region, dummy 2210 1 Other regions 1 Southsouth Northwest region, dummy Northwest region, dummy Northwest region, dummy Northwest region, dummy Northwest region, dummy 2210 1 Other regions 1 Northwest Northeast region, dummy Northeast region, dummy Northeast region, dummy Northeast region, dummy Northeast region, dummy 2210 1 Other regions 1 Northwest Northcentral region, dummy Northcentral region, dummy Northcentral region, dummy Northcentral region, dummy Northcentral region, dummy 2210 1 Other regions 1 Northcentral North, dummy North, dummy North, dummy North, dummy North, dummy 2210 1 South 1 North South, dummy South, dummy South, dummy South, dummy South, dummy 2210 1 North 1 South Reject 3 forms of authoritarian rule (one-party, army, strongman) Reject 3 forms of authoritarian rule (one-party, army, strongman) Reject 3 forms of authoritarian rule (one-party, army, strongman) Reject 3 forms of authoritarian rule (one-party, army, strongman) Reject 3 forms of authoritarian rule (one-party, army, strongman) 2210 1 Do not Reject 3 forms 1 Reject 3 forms Reject 4 forms of authoritarian rule (one-party, army, strongman, trad) Reject 4 forms of authoritarian rule (one-party, army, strongman, trad) Reject 4 forms of authoritarian rule (one-party, army, strongman, trad) Reject 4 forms of authoritarian rule (one-party, army, strongman, trad) Reject 4 forms of authoritarian rule (one-party, army, strongman, trad) Respondent number 2210 1 Do not Reject 4 forms 1 Reject 4 forms