{"doc_desc":{"title":"Fifth Housing and Population Census Pakistan 1998","idno":"DDI_PAK_1998_PHC_v01_M_v7.6_A_IPUMS","producers":[{"name":"IPUMS","abbr":"IPUMS","affiliation":"University of Minnesota","role":"Integration Harmonization Documentation"}],"prod_date":"April 1, 2025","version_statement":{"version":"Version 7.6 October 2025 : NEW FEATURES.\n\n--NO \"new features\" listed in Revision History\n\nNEW SAMPLES.\n\n--Six new census samples for Honduras (2013), Kenya (2019), Malawi (2018), Mongolia (2010, 2020), and Mozambique (2017) were added to the data series. All census samples extend pre-existing series for those countries. \n--91 quarterly labor force surveys from the Philippines (1997 - 2019) were added to IPUMS.\n\nSUPPLEMENTAL DATA.\n\n--No \"supplemental data\" listed in revision history\n\nNEW VARIABLES.\n\n--New spatially harmonized birthplace and previous-residence variables are available for samples in this data release. More information is available here (https:\/\/international.ipums.org\/international\/geo_mig.shtml). \n--Users should note that many older migration and birthplace variables are available by different names. Refer to this table for a crosswalk of old and corresponding new migration variables. For birthplace variables refer to this table (https:\/\/international.ipums.org\/international\/resources\/misc_docs\/migCrosswalk_names.pdf).\n\nEDITED SAMPLES.\n\n--For the Zambia 2000 sample, an error in the household breaks was corrected, resulting in the creation of 1,988 new households (1% increase) that were previously combined with other households. The person records included in the sample did not change. Due to an inconsistency in the original file, no household-level information other than geographic location is available for these newly identified households, necessitating the addition of \"unknown\" values for this sample to the following variables: BEDROOMS, ELECTRIC, FLOOR, FUELCOOK, FUELHEAT, OWNERSHIP, PHONE, RADIO, REFRIG, ROOMS, SEWAGE, TRASH, WATSRC, TV, TOILET, GQ, ROOF, WATSUP, BIKE, MOTORCYCLE, KITCHEN, GQTYPE, AUTOS, and WALL.\n\nEDITED VARIABLES.\n\n--For the 1998 and 2008 Malawi samples, the family interrelationship pointer variables MOMLOC and POPLOC were modified to allow a \"Spouse\/partner\" of the household head to be linked as a parent to an \"Other relative\", because the enumeration instructions specify that adopted and stepchildren were categorized as \"Other relative\". These samples are now consistent with the links made in the newly released 2018 Malawi sample, which had the same enumeration instructions for adopted and stepchildren.\n--In the samples for C\u00f4te d'Ivoire 1988 and 1998, Rwanda 1991 and 2002, Togo 1960 and 2010, and South Africa 2001, for the harmonized variable POLYGAM, persons in consensual unions were previously coded as \"No, in monogamous union\". Because there was no response option in these samples for polygamous consensual unions, it is more appropriate to treat these cases as not-in-universe, so they have been recoded to \"NIU (not in universe)\".\n--MARST has been edited for Honduras 1974 to reclassify the source variable responses \"married, wife lives separately\" and \"consensual union, companion lives separately\" as separations. The documentation suggests that \"separately\" actually indicates a relationship separation and not an absent spouse or companion. Other minor edits were implemented for MARST for Mozambique 1997 and 2007.\n--In the Mozambique 1997 sample, an error was corrected that recoded persons with a relationship of \"Unknown\" in the source data to \"Other relative or non-relative\" (6000) in the harmonized variable RELATE. These persons are now coded as \"Not Stated\/Unknown\" (9999).\n--In the Malawi 1987, 1998, and 2008 samples, for variable WATSUP, a programming error was corrected such that any households who reported having piped water in either the wet or the dry season are classified as having access to piped water. This programming was also applied to the newly released 2018 sample.\n--The NATIVITY variable has been edited in the Chile 2017 sample to correct a programming error that mistakenly classified as foreign-born about 20 thousand person records that were actually native-born.\n--The MIGRATE5 variable has been edited in the Chile 2017 sample, given a programming error that classified most migrants as having changed their major geographic unit. The MIGRATE5 variable for the Chile 1982 and 1992 samples has been edited to use spatially harmonized geographic units to calculate migration status.\n--In the 1989, 1999, and 2009 Kenya samples, households who indicated that their lighting type or fuel was \"Solar\" were recoded from \"No\" to \"Yes\" in ELECTRIC, based on secondary sources documenting the spread of home solar energy systems in Kenya beginning in the mid-1980s. In the 1989 and 1999 Kenya samples, programming was removed that previously recoded households that reported using electricity as their main cooking fuel to \"Yes\" in the access to electricity variable ELECTRIC, making it more consistent across samples. Other minor edits were implemented for ELECTRIC in Botswana 2011, Ethiopia 1984 and 1994, Mongolia 1989, Mozambique 2007.\n--Some samples in DISCARE classified responses indicating \"some\" difficulty into \"yes\". These cases were revised to consistently include in \"yes\" only responses indicating \"a lot of difficulty\" or \"cannot do at all\".\n--Some codes were improperly labeled for municipalities in Honduras 1961 and 1974, which affect variables on place of residence, birthplace, and previous residence."}},"study_desc":{"title_statement":{"idno":"PAK_1998_PHC_v01_M_v7.6_A_IPUMS","title":"Fifth Housing and Population Census Pakistan - IPUMS Subset 1998","alternate_title":"PHC pk1998a (IPUMS Harmonized Subset)"},"authoring_entity":[{"name":"Population Census Organization","affiliation":""},{"name":"IPUMS","affiliation":"University of Minnesota"}],"production_statement":{"copyright":"(c) Copyright 1998, Population Census Organization and Minnesota Population Center"},"distribution_statement":{"contact":[{"name":"Population Census Organization","affiliation":"","email":"","uri":""}]},"series_statement":{"series_name":"Population and Housing Census [hh\/popcen] IPUMS International","series_info":"DOI:10.18128\/D020.V7.6"},"version_statement":{"version":"Version 7.6. The datasets contain selected variables from the original microdata plus harmonized variables from the IPUMS-International database.","version_date":"2025-05-09"},"study_info":{"topics":[{"topic":"Demographic Variables -- PERSON","vocab":"IPUMS","uri":""},{"topic":"Dwelling Characteristics Variables -- HOUSEHOLD","vocab":"IPUMS","uri":""},{"topic":"Geography: Global Variables -- HOUSEHOLD","vocab":"IPUMS","uri":""},{"topic":"Nativity and Birthplace Variables -- PERSON","vocab":"IPUMS","uri":""},{"topic":"Technical Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD","vocab":"IPUMS","uri":""},{"topic":"Geography: IPUMS-I, IPUMS-DHS Variables -- HOUSEHOLD","vocab":"IPUMS","uri":""},{"topic":"Geography: O-Z Variables -- HOUSEHOLD","vocab":"IPUMS","uri":""},{"topic":"Education Variables -- PERSON","vocab":"IPUMS","uri":""},{"topic":"Constructed Family Interrelationship Variables -- PERSON","vocab":"IPUMS","uri":""},{"topic":"Utilities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD","vocab":"IPUMS","uri":""},{"topic":"Group Quarters Variables -- HOUSEHOLD","vocab":"IPUMS","uri":""},{"topic":"Constructed Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD","vocab":"IPUMS","uri":""},{"topic":"Ethnicity and Language Variables -- PERSON","vocab":"IPUMS","uri":""},{"topic":"Household Economic Variables -- HOUSEHOLD","vocab":"IPUMS","uri":""},{"topic":"Technical Person Variables -- PERSON","vocab":"IPUMS","uri":""},{"topic":"Other Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD","vocab":"IPUMS","uri":""},{"topic":"Other Person Variables -- PERSON","vocab":"IPUMS","uri":""},{"topic":"Demographic Variables -- PERSON","vocab":"IPUMS","uri":""},{"topic":"Nativity and Birthplace Variables -- PERSON","vocab":"IPUMS","uri":""},{"topic":"Ethnicity and Language Variables -- PERSON","vocab":"IPUMS","uri":""},{"topic":"Education Variables -- PERSON","vocab":"IPUMS","uri":""},{"topic":"Other Person Variables -- PERSON","vocab":"IPUMS","uri":""}],"time_periods":[{"start":"1998-03-05","end":"1998-03-05","cycle":""}],"coll_dates":[{"start":"1998-03-05","end":"1998-03-15","cycle":""}],"nation":[{"name":"Pakistan","abbreviation":"PAK"}],"geog_unit":"District","analysis_unit":"Persons, households, and dwellings\n        \nUNITS IDENTIFIED:\n- Dwellings: yes\n- Vacant Units: No\n- Households: yes\n- Individuals: yes\n- Group quarters: no\n\nUNIT DESCRIPTIONS:\n- Dwellings: A housing unit means a building or a part of building which is meant for residence of household.  It is separate from other parts inside the building from construction and residential point of view.  There could be one or more than one housing units\/dwelling units in one building, and at the time of enumeration more than one household can reside in one housing unit.\n- Households: A household means one or more than one person who lives under one cooking arrangement and other common necessities of life.  If one person is living alone, he will also be treated as one household.  Generally, the members of household are relatives, but the friends, servants of the household and other non relatives residing with them can also be included in the household.\n- Group quarters: Housing unit which has been constructed or specified as the collective residence of some social, governmental or business purpose, e.g. hotel, hostel, residential, barracks of armed or semi armed forces, residential camps, jails, sanatorium, mental hospital disabled, poor, orphans paupers and institutions etc specified for residence at other such persons.","universe":"All those persons who reside in Pakistan, Azad Jammu and Kashmir and Northern areas and within the boundaries of tribal areas, including Afghans refugees mixing up and living with general population out of camps.","data_kind":"Population and Housing Census [hh\/popcen]","notes":"Additional notes on a sample that is part of this study:  Pakistan 1998\n            Note: Excludes 3 provinces"},"method":{"data_collection":{"sampling_procedure":"MICRODATA SOURCE: Population Census Organization\n\nSAMPLE SIZE (person records): 13102024.\n\nSAMPLE DESIGN: Systematic sample of every 10th household with a random start, drawn by the IPUMS. *NOTE: The sample excludes 3 provinces: Fata, Northern Areas, and Kashmir.","coll_mode":["Face-to-face [f2f]"],"research_instrument":"There are two Population Census forms. The short form includes information about household characteristics, basic demographic information about persons in the household and additional information about religion, language, literacy and citizenship. The long form was collected for approximately 8% of the population and included additional questions about migration, disability, occupation, disability and fertility.","sources":[{"name":"","origin":"","characteristics":""}],"coll_situation":"both, CENSUS DAY: March 5, 1998","weight":"Self-weighting (expansion factor = 10)."}},"data_access":{"dataset_use":{"conf_dec":[{"txt":"IPUMS International distributes integrated microdata of individuals and households only by agreement of collaborating national statistical offices and under the strictest of confidence. Before data may be distributed to an individual researcher, an electronic license agreement must be signed and approved.\n\nTo gain access to the data, a researcher must agree to the following:\n\n(1) Implement security measures to prevent unauthorized access to census microdata. Under IPUMS International agreements with collaborating agencies, redistribution of the data to third parties is prohibited.\n\n(2) Use the microdata for the exclusive purposes of scholarly research and education. Researchers must explicitly agree to not use microdata acquired for any commercial or income-generating venture.\n\n(3) Maintain the confidentiality of persons, households, and other entities. Any attempt to ascertain the identity of persons or households from the microdata is prohibited. Alleging that a person or household has been identified is also prohibited.\n\n(4) Report all publications based on these data to IPUMS International, which will in turn pass the information on to the relevant national statistical agencies.\n\nOnce a project is approved, a password is issued and data may be acquired through the Internet. Penalties for violating the license include: revocation of the license, recall of all microdata acquired, filing of a motion of censure to the appropriate professional organizations, and civil prosecution under the relevant national or international statutes.\n\nThese safeguards mirror the principles from the Joint ECE\/Eurostat Work Session on Statistical Data Confidentiality. Employees of the Minnesota Population Center who work with the census microdata to produce the harmonized database also sign agreements to respect the confidentiality of the data.\n\nIPUMS International works with each country's statistical office to minimize the risk of disclosure of respondent information. The details of the confidentiality protections vary across countries, but in all cases, names and detailed geographic information are suppressed and top-codes are imposed on variables such as income that might identify specific persons. In addition, IPUMS International uses a variety of technical procedures to enhance confidentiality protection. These include the following:\n\n(1) Swapping an undisclosed fraction of records from one administrative district to another to make positive identification of individuals impossible.\n\n(2) Randomizing the placement of households within districts to disguise the order in which individuals were enumerated or the data processed.\n\n(3) Aggregating codes of sensitive characteristics (e.g., grouping together very small ethnic categories)\n\n(4) Top- and bottom-coding continuous variables to prevent identification of extreme cases.\n\nThe safety record for public-use census microdata is apparently perfect. In almost four decades of use, there has not been a single verified breach of statistical confidentiality. The measures implemented by the IPUMS International are designed to extend this record.","required":"yes","form_no":"","form_uri":""}],"contact":[{"name":"Population Census Organization","affiliation":"","email":"","uri":""}],"cit_req":"Steven Ruggles, Lara Cleveland, Rodrigo Lovaton, Sula Sarkar, Matthew Sobek, Derek Burk, Dan Ehrlich, Quinn Heimann, Jane Lee, and Nate Merrill. Integrated Public Use Microdata Series, International: Version 7.6 [dataset]. Minneapolis, MN: IPUMS, 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18128\/D020.V7.6\n\nResearchers should also acknowledge the statistical agency that originally produced the data: Pakistan, Population Census Organization. Fifth Housing and Population Census Pakistan\n\n\nThe licensing agreement for use of IPUMS International data requires that users supply IPUMS International with the title and full citation for any publications, research reports, or educational materials making use of the data or documentation.\n\nCopies of such materials are also gratefully received at ipums@umn.edu.\n\nPrinted matter should be sent to:\nIPUMS International\nMinnesota Population Center\nUniversity of Minnesota\n50 Willey Hall\n225 19th Avenue South\nMinneapolis, MN 55455","conditions":"An adapted version of the dataset, harmonized for international comparability, is available from IPUMS International (https:\/\/international.ipums.org\/international\/) under the following conditions:\n\nIPUMS International distributes integrated microdata of individuals and households only by agreement of collaborating national statistical offices and under the strictest of confidence. Before data may be distributed to an individual researcher, an electronic license agreement must be signed and approved.  To gain access to the data, a researcher must agree to the following:\n\n(1) Implement security measures to prevent unauthorized access to census microdata. Under IPUMS International agreements with collaborating agencies, redistribution of the data to third parties is prohibited.\n\n(2) Use the microdata for the exclusive purposes of scholarly research and education. Researchers must explicitly agree to not use microdata acquired for any commercial or income-generating venture.\n\n(3) Maintain the confidentiality of persons, households, and other entities. Any attempt to ascertain the identity of persons or households from the microdata is prohibited. Alleging that a person or household has been identified is also prohibited.\n\n(4) Report all publications based on these data to IPUMS International, which will in turn pass the information on to the relevant national statistical agencies.\n\nOnce a project is approved, a password is issued and data may be acquired through the Internet. Penalties for violating the license include: revocation of the license, recall of all microdata acquired, filing of a motion of censure to the appropriate professional organizations, and civil prosecution under the relevant national or international statutes.\n\nThese safeguards mirror the principles from the Joint ECE\/Eurostat Work Session on Statistical Data Confidentiality. Employees of the Minnesota Population Center who work with the census microdata to produce the harmonized database also sign agreements to respect the confidentiality of the data.","disclaimer":"The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses."}}},"schematype":"survey","tags":[{"tag":"noDOI"}]}