DDI_NAM_2024_AFB-R10_v01_M Development Data Group 2025-06-17 Metadata Editor Version 01 (June 2025) NAM_2024_AFB-R10_v01_M Afrobarometer Survey 2024 Round 10 AFB-R10 2024 Ghana Centre for Democratic Development (CDD) Institute for Justice and Reconciliation in South Africa (IJR) Institute for Development Studies (IDS) University of Nairobi in Kenya Michigan State University University of Cape Town, South Africa University of Malawi Swedish Internation Development Cooperation Agency United States Agency for International Development Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation Mo Ibrahim Foundation Open Society Foundations William and Flora Hewlett Foundation Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Mastercard Foundation David and Lucile Packard Foundation European Union Commission World Bank Group Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in Uganda Embassy of Sweden in Zimbabwe Global Centre for Pluralism Metadata Editor For general inquiries For general inquiries For data Public Opinion Survey Afrobarometer collects and disseminates information regarding Africans’ views on democracy, governance, economic reform, civil society, and quality of life. Round 1 surveys were conducted between 1999 and 2001. At that time, the project covered seven countries in Southern Africa (Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe), three countries in West Africa (Ghana, Nigeria and Mali) and two in East Africa (Uganda and Tanzania). Round 2 surveys were completed by November 2003 with four new countries added: Kenya, Senegal, Cape Verde and Mozambique. Round 3 surveys were conducted from March 2005 to February 2006 in the same countries, plus Benin and Madagascar. Round 4 surveys were conducted during 2008 and 2009 in 20 countries, reflecting the addition of Burkina Faso and Liberia. The fifth Round of surveys were done between October 2011 and June 2013. In the Round 5 surveys, the project covered an additional 15 countries in different regions of the continent. Among the new R5 countries were Mauritius and Swaziland in Southern Africa; Burundi and Ethiopia in East Africa; Cameroon, Niger, Cote D’Ivoire, Guinea, Sierra Leone and Togo in West Africa. Afrobarometer also worked with the Arab Barometer and implemented R5 surveys in Algeria, Egypt, Morocco Sudan and Tunisia. Additional Round 5.5 surveys were also conducted in Mali and Zimbabwe. In Round 6, surveys were done 36 countries. Two countries that were covered in Round 5, Ethiopia and Egypt, were not included due to operational constraints. In their place, the Network added Gabon and Sao Tome and Principe. The survey covered 34 African countries covered in Round 7 (2016-2018). Here are the list of countries covered in Round 7: Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cote d'Ivoire, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. The Round 8 survey (2019-2021) covered 34 countries, including its first survey in Angola. Here are the list of countries covered in Round 8: Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Cameroon, Cote d'Ivoire, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. The Round 9 survey (2021-2023) covered 39 countries, including its first survey in Angola. Here are the list of countries covered in Round 9: Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Cameroon, Congo-Brazaville (Congo, Rep.), Cote d'Ivoire, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritanie, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Round 10 surveys started in January 2024 and are expected to cover up to 40 countries by mid-2025. Version 01: Edited, anonymized dataset for public distribution The Afrobarometer is a comparative series of public attitude surveys that assess African citizen's attitudes to democracy and governance, markets, and civil society, among other topics. The surveys have been undertaken at periodic intervals since 1999. The Afrobarometer's coverage has increased over time. Round 1 (1999-2001) initially covered 7 countries and was later extended to 12 countries. Round 2 (2002-2004) surveyed citizens in 16 countries. Round 3 (2005-2006) 18 countries, Round 4 (2008) 20 countries, Round 5 (2011-2013) 34 countries, Round 6 (2014-2015) 36 countries, Round 7 (2016-2018) 34 countries, Round 8 (2019-2021), and Round 9 (2021-2023). The survey covers about 40 countries in Round 10. Namibia National coverage Individual Citizens of Namibia who are 18 years and older Sample survey data [ssd] Survey Warehouse Face-to-face [f2f] The Round 10 questionnaire has been developed by the Questionnaire Committee after reviewing the findings and feedback obtained in previous Rounds, and securing input on preferred new topics from a host of donors, analysts, and users of the data. Response rate was 76.53%. The sample size yields country-level results with a margin of error of +/-3 percentage points at a 95% confidence level. Afrobarometer Data, [Country(ies)], [Round(s)], [Year(s)], available at http://www.afrobarometer.org. Public use files, available to all The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses. NAM_R10.Data_08May24.wtd_.final_.release_updated.13Feb25.sav 1200 399 .sav Afrobarometer round 10 survey data May, 2024 version. Respondent number 1200 Urban or Rural Primary Sampling Unit 1200 1 2 1 Urban 648 2 Rural 552 Province or region 1200 580 593 580 Zambezi 56 581 Erongo 120 582 Hardap 48 583 !Karas 56 584 Kavango West 32 585 Kavango East 56 586 Khomas 224 587 Kunene 40 588 Ohangwena 112 589 Omaheke 48 590 Omusati 120 591 Oshana 96 592 Oshikoto 104 593 Otjozondjupa 88 Constituency 1200 EA-SVC-A. Electricity grid in the PSU/EA 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 456 1 Yes 728 9 Can't determine 16 EA-SVC-B. Piped water system in the PSU/EA 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 304 1 Yes 848 9 Can't determine 48 EA-SVC-C. Sewage system in the PSU/EA 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 736 1 Yes 424 9 Can't determine 40 EA-SVC-D. Mobile phone service in the PSU/EA 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 448 1 Yes 544 9 Can't determine 208 EA-SVC-E. Borehole or tubewell in PSU/EA 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 912 1 Yes 232 9 Can't determine 56 EA-FAC-A. Post office in the PSU/EA 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 1072 1 Yes 96 9 Can't determine 32 EA-FAC-B. School in the PSU/EA 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 528 1 Yes 568 9 Can't determine 104 EA-FAC-C. Police station in the PSU/EA 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 976 1 Yes 184 9 Can't determine 40 EA-FAC-D. Health Clinic in the PSU/EA 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 856 1 Yes 296 9 Can't determine 48 EA-FAC-E. Market stalls in the PSU/EA 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 920 1 Yes 224 9 Can't determine 56 EA-FAC-F. Bank or money services in the PSU/EA 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 1040 1 Yes 152 9 Can't determine 8 EA-FAC-F2. Social/govt center/office in PSU/EA 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 1016 1 Yes 152 9 Can't determine 32 EA-FAC-G. Paid transport in the PSU/EA 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 776 1 Yes 328 9 Can't determine 96 EA-SEC-A. Police in the PSU/EA 1200 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 832 1 Yes 368 9 Can't determine 0 EA-SEC-B. Soldiers/army in the PSU/EA 1200 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 1096 1 Yes 104 9 Can't determine 0 EA-SEC-C. Roadblocks by police/army in the PSU/EA 1200 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 1160 1 Yes 40 9 Can't determine 0 EA-SEC-D. Customs checkpoints in the PSU/EA 1200 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 1184 1 Yes 16 9 Can't determine 0 EA-SEC-E. Roadblocks by private security/local community in the PSU/EA 1200 0 1 -1 Missing 0 0 No 1184 1 Yes 16 9 Can't determine 0 EA-ROAD-A. Road surface at start point 1200 1 7 -1 Missing 0 1 Earth 336 2 Unpaved gravel 280 3 Unpaved stone/muram 128 4 Paved tar/concrete 448 7 Not Applicable/Not reachable by road 8 EA-ROAD-B. Road surface last 5 km 1200 1 7 -1 Missing 0 1 Earth 400 2 Unpaved gravel 296 3 Unpaved stone/muram 120 4 Paved tar/concrete 376 7 Not Applicable/Not reachable by road 8 EA-ROAD-C. Road condition last 5 km 1200 1 6 -1 Missing 0 1 Impassable 24 2 Very poor 272 3 Poor 152 4 Fair 248 5 Good 264 6 Very good 240 7 Not applicable 0 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 1 1200 1 9997 -1 Missing 0 1 Refused to be interviewed 43 2 Person selected was never at home after at least two visits 27 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period after at least two visits 51 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 3 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 10 6 Did not fit gender quota 49 7 No adults in household 30 8 Other (specify) 0 9997 Interview was successful 987 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 2 1200 1 9997 -1 Missing 0 1 Refused to be interviewed 19 2 Person selected was never at home after at least two visits 9 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period after at least two visits 21 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 2 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 3 6 Did not fit gender quota 12 7 No adults in household 8 8 Other (specify) 0 9997 Interview was successful 1126 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 3 1200 1 9997 -1 Missing 0 1 Refused to be interviewed 8 2 Person selected was never at home after at least two visits 3 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period after at least two visits 5 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 1 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 2 6 Did not fit gender quota 12 7 No adults in household 4 8 Other (specify) 0 9997 Interview was successful 1165 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 4 1200 2 9997 -1 Missing 0 1 Refused to be interviewed 0 2 Person selected was never at home after at least two visits 3 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period after at least two visits 4 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 1 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 1 6 Did not fit gender quota 5 7 No adults in household 1 8 Other (specify) 0 9997 Interview was successful 1185 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 5 1200 2 9997 -1 Missing 0 1 Refused to be interviewed 0 2 Person selected was never at home after at least two visits 4 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period after at least two visits 2 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 0 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 1 6 Did not fit gender quota 3 7 No adults in household 0 8 Other (specify) 0 9997 Interview was successful 1190 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 6 1200 3 9997 -1 Missing 0 1 Refused to be interviewed 0 2 Person selected was never at home after at least two visits 0 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period after at least two visits 3 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 0 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 0 6 Did not fit gender quota 3 7 No adults in household 0 8 Other (specify) 0 9997 Interview was successful 1194 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 7 1200 2 9997 -1 Missing 0 1 Refused to be interviewed 0 2 Person selected was never at home after at least two visits 1 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period after at least two visits 2 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 0 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 0 6 Did not fit gender quota 0 7 No adults in household 0 8 Other (specify) 0 9997 Interview was successful 1197 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 8 1200 1 9997 -1 Missing 0 1 Refused to be interviewed 1 2 Person selected was never at home after at least two visits 0 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period after at least two visits 0 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 0 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 0 6 Did not fit gender quota 0 7 No adults in household 0 8 Other (specify) 0 9997 Interview was successful 1199 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 9 1200 3 9997 -1 Missing 0 1 Refused to be interviewed 0 2 Person selected was never at home after at least two visits 0 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period after at least two visits 1 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 0 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 0 6 Did not fit gender quota 0 7 No adults in household 0 8 Other (specify) 0 9997 Interview was successful 1199 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 10 1200 3 9997 -1 Missing 0 1 Refused to be interviewed 0 2 Person selected was never at home after at least two visits 0 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period after at least two visits 1 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 0 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 0 6 Did not fit gender quota 0 7 No adults in household 0 8 Other (specify) 0 9997 Interview was successful 1199 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 11 1200 3 9997 -1 Missing 0 1 Refused to be interviewed 0 2 Person selected was never at home after at least two visits 0 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period after at least two visits 1 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 0 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 0 6 Did not fit gender quota 0 7 No adults in household 0 8 Other (specify) 0 9997 Interview was successful 1199 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 12 1200 3 9997 -1 Missing 0 1 Refused to be interviewed 0 2 Person selected was never at home after at least two visits 0 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period after at least two visits 1 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 0 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 0 6 Did not fit gender quota 0 7 No adults in household 0 8 Other (specify) 0 9997 Interview was successful 1199 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 13 1200 3 9997 -1 Missing 0 1 Refused to be interviewed 0 2 Person selected was never at home after at least two visits 0 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period after at least two visits 1 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 0 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 0 6 Did not fit gender quota 0 7 No adults in household 0 8 Other (specify) 0 9997 Interview was successful 1199 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 14 1200 3 9997 -1 Missing 0 1 Refused to be interviewed 0 2 Person selected was never at home after at least two visits 0 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period after at least two visits 1 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 0 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 0 6 Did not fit gender quota 0 7 No adults in household 0 8 Other (specify) 0 9997 Interview was successful 1199 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 15 1200 3 9997 -1 Missing 0 1 Refused to be interviewed 0 2 Person selected was never at home after at least two visits 0 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period after at least two visits 1 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 0 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 0 6 Did not fit gender quota 0 7 No adults in household 0 8 Other (specify) 0 9997 Interview was successful 1199 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 16 1200 3 9997 -1 Missing 0 1 Refused to be interviewed 0 2 Person selected was never at home after at least two visits 0 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period after at least two visits 1 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 0 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 0 6 Did not fit gender quota 0 7 No adults in household 0 8 Other (specify) 0 9997 Interview was successful 1199 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 17 1200 4 9997 -1 Missing 0 1 Refused to be interviewed 0 2 Person selected was never at home after at least two visits 0 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period after at least two visits 0 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 1 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 0 6 Did not fit gender quota 0 7 No adults in household 0 8 Other (specify) 0 9997 Interview was successful 1199 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 18 1200 3 9997 -1 Missing 0 1 Refused to be interviewed 0 2 Person selected was never at home after at least two visits 0 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period after at least two visits 1 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 0 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 0 6 Did not fit gender quota 0 7 No adults in household 0 8 Other (specify) 0 9997 Interview was successful 1199 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 19 1200 1 9997 -1 Missing 0 1 Refused to be interviewed 1 2 Person selected was never at home after at least two visits 0 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period after at least two visits 0 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 0 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 0 6 Did not fit gender quota 0 7 No adults in household 0 8 Other (specify) 0 9997 Interview was successful 1199 Reason for Unsuccessful Call Household 20 1200 9997 9997 -1 Missing 0 1 Refused to be interviewed 0 2 Person selected was never at home after at least two visits 0 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period after at least two visits 0 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 0 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 0 6 Did not fit gender quota 0 7 No adults in household 0 8 Other (specify) 0 9997 Interview was successful 1200 Date of interview 1200 2024-03-11 73 2024-03-12 93 2024-03-13 70 2024-03-14 49 2024-03-15 78 2024-03-16 63 2024-03-17 66 2024-03-18 78 2024-03-19 78 2024-03-20 58 2024-03-21 86 2024-03-22 81 2024-03-23 90 2024-03-24 39 2024-03-25 72 2024-03-26 65 2024-03-27 34 2024-03-28 16 2024-03-29 5 2024-03-30 6 1200 Q1. Age 1200 18 89 Q2. Language spoken in home 1200 1 9995 -1 Missing 0 1 English 97 3 Portuguese 1 580 Afrikaans 118 581 German 0 582 Nama/Damara 114 583 Oshiwambo (Oshindonga/Oshikwanyama) 545 584 Otjiherero 139 585 Rukwangali 85 586 Rugririku/Rumanyo 17 587 Thimbukushu 9 588 Silozi 37 589 Setswana 2 590 Masubia 28 9995 Other 8 9998 Refused to answer 0 9999 Don't know 0 Q2other. Language spoken in home (verbatim) 1200 Q3. Overall direction of the country 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Going in the wrong direction 744 2 Going in the right direction 427 8 Refused 1 9 Don't know 28 Q4a. Country’s present economic condition 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very bad 337 2 Fairly bad 291 3 Neither good nor bad 158 4 Fairly good 263 5 Very good 143 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 8 Q4b. Your present living conditions 1200 1 5 -1 Missing 0 1 Very bad 316 2 Fairly bad 238 3 Neither good nor bad 233 4 Fairly good 256 5 Very good 157 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q5a. Country’s economic condition compared to 12 months ago 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much worse 210 2 Worse 320 3 Same 351 4 Better 251 5 Much better 56 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 12 Q5b. Your living conditions compared to 12 months ago 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much worse 193 2 Worse 265 3 Same 454 4 Better 210 5 Much better 73 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 5 Q6. Country’s economic condition in 12 months’ time 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much worse 218 2 Worse 199 3 Same 214 4 Better 367 5 Much better 137 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 65 Q7a. How often gone without food 1200 0 4 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 334 1 Just once or twice 255 2 Several times 373 3 Many times 172 4 Always 66 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q7b. How often gone without water 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 548 1 Just once or twice 206 2 Several times 244 3 Many times 89 4 Always 112 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 1 Q7c. How often gone without medical care 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 375 1 Just once or twice 266 2 Several times 314 3 Many times 166 4 Always 77 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 2 Q7d. How often gone without cooking fuel 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 466 1 Just once or twice 266 2 Several times 285 3 Many times 109 4 Always 72 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 2 Q7e. How often gone without cash income 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 197 1 Just once or twice 163 2 Several times 344 3 Many times 279 4 Always 215 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 2 Q8a. Requested assistance from family 1200 0 8 -1 Missing 0 0 No 435 1 Yes, once or twice 222 2 Yes, several times 456 3 Yes, often 86 8 Refused to answer 1 9 Don't know 0 Q8b. Requested assistance from friends or neighbours 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 585 1 Yes, once or twice 234 2 Yes, several times 340 3 Yes, often 40 8 Refused to answer 0 9 Don't know 1 Q8c. Requested assistance from religious or community group 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 1026 1 Yes, once or twice 61 2 Yes, several times 95 3 Yes, often 17 8 Refused to answer 0 9 Don't know 1 Q9. How often felt unsafe in home or neighbourhood 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 633 1 Just once or twice 186 2 Several times 209 3 Many times 87 4 Always 83 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 2 Q10a. Freedom to say what you think 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Not at all free 125 2 Not very free 145 3 Somewhat free 306 4 Completely free 618 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 6 Q10b. Freedom to join any political organization 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Not at all free 64 2 Not very free 86 3 Somewhat free 203 4 Completely free 832 8 Refused 2 9 Don’t know 13 Q10c. Freedom to choose who to vote for 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Not at all free 60 2 Not very free 52 3 Somewhat free 187 4 Completely free 885 8 Refused 2 9 Don’t know 14 Q11a. Joined others to request action from government 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 1060 1 Yes, once or twice 51 2 Yes, several times 61 3 Yes, often 26 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 2 Q11b. Contacted media to share your views 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 1108 1 Yes, once or twice 34 2 Yes, several times 40 3 Yes, often 16 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 2 Q11c. Posted about politics or community affairs on social media 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 1113 1 Yes, once or twice 34 2 Yes, several times 37 3 Yes, often 13 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 3 Q11d. Attend a demonstration or protest march 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 1112 1 Yes, once or twice 43 2 Yes, several times 28 3 Yes, often 16 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 1 Q12a. Contact MP 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 1090 1 Only once 47 2 A few times 41 3 Often 10 8 Refused to answer 0 9 Don’t know 12 Q12a1-nam. Contact local authority councilor 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 974 1 Only once 107 2 A few times 79 3 Often 29 8 Refused to answer 0 9 Don’t know 11 Q12a2-nam. Contact regional councilor 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 957 1 Only once 102 2 A few times 96 3 Often 33 8 Refused to answer 1 9 Don’t know 11 Q12b. Contact political party official 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 965 1 Only once 99 2 A few times 94 3 Often 32 8 Refused to answer 1 9 Don’t know 9 Q12c. Contact traditional leader 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 828 1 Only once 119 2 A few times 152 3 Often 90 8 Refused to answer 2 9 Don’t know 9 9994 Not asked in country 0 Q13a. Voting in the most recent national election 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 I did not vote 282 1 I was too young to vote 100 2 I can’t remember whether I voted 21 3 I voted in the election 792 8 Refused to answer 2 9 Don’t know 3 Q13b. Intend to vote in the next national election (if too young) 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 21 1 Yes 76 7 Not applicable 1100 8 Refused to answer 0 9 Don't know 3 9994 Not asked in country 0 Q13c. Reason for not voting 1200 1 97 -1 Missing 0 1 Not registered to vote 101 2 Not interested in politics or voting 42 3 Did not have time to vote 52 4 Did not like any of the parties or candidates 5 5 Elections don’t make a difference/ are not effective 25 6 Do not trust the electoral commission and electoral process 6 7 Tried to vote but could not for some reason (e.g. could not find polling station, name not on voters’ register, or pre 5 8 Some other reason 43 9 Don’t know/cannot remember 3 97 Not applicable 918 98 Refused to Answer 0 9994 Not asked in country 0 Q13d. Reason not registered to vote 1200 1 97 -1 Missing 0 1 Did not have time to register 33 2 Not interested in politics or voting 8 3 Registration process is too complicated/ demanding 2 4 Was too young to register 33 5 Elections don’t make a difference/ are not effective 4 6 Do not trust the electoral commission and electoral process 1 7 Did not register for some other reason 18 8 Refused to Answer 0 9 Don’t know/cannot remember 2 97 Not applicable 1099 Q14. Lower voting age 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly disagree 378 2 Disagree 341 3 Neither agree nor disagree 68 4 Agree 215 5 Strongly agree 183 8 Refused to Answer 0 9 Don't know 15 Q15. Freeness and fairness of the last national election 1200 1 98 -1 Missing 0 1 Not free and fair 122 2 Free and fair, but with major problems 212 3 Free and fair, but with minor problems 359 4 Completely free and fair 427 8 Do not understand question 3 9 Don’t know 75 98 Refused to answer 2 Q16a. How likely powerful people find out your vote 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all likely 570 1 Not very likely 234 2 Somewhat likely 188 3 Very likely 111 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 97 Q16b. Last national election: fear political intimidation or violence 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 A lot 51 1 Somewhat 61 2 A little bit 193 3 Not at all 847 8 Refused 2 9 Don’t know 46 Q17. Government bans organizations vs join any 1200 2 9 -1 Missing 0 2 Agree with 1 405 3 Agree with 2 761 5 Agree with neither 21 8 Refused to answer 0 9 Don’t know 13 Q18a. Media free to publish vs government control 1200 2 9 -1 Missing 0 2 Agree with 1 754 3 Agree with 2 418 5 Agree with neither 12 8 Refused to answer 0 9 Don’t know 16 Q18b. Media checks government vs avoid negative reporting 1200 2 9 -1 Missing 0 2 Agree with 1 854 3 Agree with 2 312 5 Agree with neither 12 8 Refused to answer 0 9 Don’t know 22 Q19. Govt gets things done vs govt accountable to citizens 1200 2 9 -1 Missing 0 2 Agree with 1 427 3 Agree with 2 725 5 Agree with neither 23 8 Refused to answer 1 9 Don’t know 24 Q20. Elected officials follow voter demands vs follow own ideas 1200 2 9 -1 Missing 0 2 Agree with 1 887 3 Agree with 2 300 5 Agree with neither 7 8 Refused to answer 0 9 Don’t know 6 Q21a. Reject one-party rule 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly disapprove 522 2 Disapprove 437 3 Neither approve nor disapprove 57 4 Approve 108 5 Strongly approve 63 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 13 Q21b. Reject military rule 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly disapprove 404 2 Disapprove 391 3 Neither approve nor disapprove 134 4 Approve 180 5 Strongly approve 71 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know 19 Q21c. Reject one-man rule 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly disapprove 481 2 Disapprove 408 3 Neither approve nor disapprove 92 4 Approve 137 5 Strongly approve 55 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 27 Q22. Support for democracy 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 STATEMENT 3: For someone like me, it doesn’t matter what kind of government we have. 314 2 STATEMENT 2: In some circumstances, a non-democratic government can be preferable. 148 3 STATEMENT 1: Democracy is preferable to any other kind of government. 709 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 29 Q23. Choose leaders through elections vs other methods 1200 2 9 -1 Missing 0 2 Agree with 1 870 3 Agree with 2 317 5 Agree with neither 8 8 Refused to answer 0 9 Don’t know 5 Q24. Political parties divisive vs many parties needed 1200 2 9 -1 Missing 0 2 Agree with 1 296 3 Agree with 2 878 5 Agree with neither 23 8 Refused to answer 0 9 Don’t know 3 Q25. Democracy needs political party turnover vs ok if one party always wins 1200 2 9 -1 Missing 0 2 Agree with 1 491 3 Agree with 2 664 5 Agree with neither 21 8 Refused to answer 0 9 Don’t know 24 Q26a. Parliament makes laws vs president does 1200 2 9 -1 Missing 0 2 Agree with 1 761 3 Agree with 2 360 5 Agree with neither 51 8 Refused to answer 0 9 Don’t know 28 Q26b. President monitored by parliament vs free to act on own 1200 2 9 -1 Missing 0 2 Agree with 1 695 3 Agree with 2 461 5 Agree with neither 22 8 Refused to answer 0 9 Don’t know 22 Q27. Opposition parties examine government vs cooperate 1200 2 9 -1 Missing 0 2 Agree with 1 317 3 Agree with 2 863 5 Agree with neither 13 8 Refused to answer 0 9 Don’t know 7 Q28. President free to act vs obey the laws and courts 1200 2 9 -1 Missing 0 2 Agree with 1 334 3 Agree with 2 832 5 Agree with neither 29 8 Refused to answer 0 9 Don’t know 5 9994 Not asked in country 0 Q29. Presidential two term limit vs no term limits 1200 2 9 -1 Missing 0 2 Agree with 1 811 3 Agree with 2 359 5 Agree with neither 24 8 Refused to answer 1 9 Don’t know 5 Q30. Death penalty is fair punishment vs never justified 1200 2 9 -1 Missing 0 2 Agree with 1 550 3 Agree with 2 593 5 Agree with neither 37 8 Refused to answer 0 9 Don’t know 20 Q31a. Armed forces never intervene vs when leaders abuse power 1200 2 9 -1 Missing 0 2 Agree with 1 456 3 Agree with 2 641 5 Agree with neither 57 8 Refused to answer 1 9 Don’t know 45 Q31b. Military intervention and restoration of civilian rule 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Statement 3: The military should rule for as long as they think it is best for the country. 295 2 Statement 2: The military should plan a gradual transition back to civilian rule when the country is ready, which might 303 3 Statement 1: The military should always restore civilian rule as soon as possible. 417 4 None of the above 127 7 Not applicable 0 8 Refused 2 9 Don’t know 56 9994 Not asked in country 0 Q32. Extent of democracy 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Not a democracy 41 2 A democracy, with major problems 322 3 A democracy, but with minor problems 463 4 A full democracy 344 8 Do not understand question/Do not understand what 'democracy' is 9 9 Don’t know 21 98 Refused 0 Q33. Satisfaction with democracy 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 The country is not a democracy 4 1 Not at all satisfied 179 2 Not very satisfied 339 3 Fairly satisfied 432 4 Very satisfied 217 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 29 Q34a. How often president ignores laws 1200 9994 9994 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 0 1 Rarely 0 2 Often 0 3 Always 0 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 0 94 Not asked in the country 0 9994 Not asked in country 1200 Q34b. How often president ignores parliament 1200 9994 9994 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 0 1 Rarely 0 2 Often 0 3 Always 0 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 0 94 Not asked in the country 0 9994 Not asked in country 1200 Q34c. How often judges/magistrates prioritize political influence over law 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 243 1 Rarely 311 2 Often 380 3 Always 150 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know 115 Q34d. How often people treated unequally under law 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 291 1 Rarely 308 2 Often 349 3 Always 218 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know 33 Q34e. How often officials unpunished 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 252 1 Rarely 321 2 Often 398 3 Always 192 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know 36 Q34f. How often ordinary people unpunished 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 519 1 Rarely 294 2 Often 193 3 Always 176 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 18 Q35. How free is news media 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all free 72 1 Not very free 198 2 Somewhat free 416 3 Completely free 459 8 Refused to answer 0 9 Don’t know 55 Q36a. MPs listen 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 521 1 Only sometimes 413 2 Often 122 3 Always 64 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 80 Q36a1-nam. Representatives national council listen 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 482 1 Only sometimes 417 2 Often 156 3 Always 63 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know 81 Q36b. Local government councillors listen 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 382 1 Only sometimes 476 2 Often 196 3 Always 85 8 Refused 2 9 Don’t know 59 9994 Not asked in country 0 Q36b1-nam. Regional councilors listen 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 365 1 Only sometimes 469 2 Often 216 3 Always 109 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 41 Q37a. Trust president 1200 9994 9994 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 0 1 Just a little 0 2 Somewhat 0 3 A lot 0 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough to say 0 94 Not asked in the country 0 9994 Not asked in country 1200 Q37a-nam. Trust new president 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 321 1 Just a little 278 2 Somewhat 244 3 A lot 125 8 Refused 6 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough to say 226 94 Not asked in the country 0 Q37a1-nam. Trust prime minister 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 273 1 Just a little 323 2 Somewhat 277 3 A lot 194 8 Refused 2 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough to say 131 94 Not asked in the country 0 Q37b. Trust parliament/national assembly 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 255 1 Just a little 380 2 Somewhat 305 3 A lot 122 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough to say 137 Q37b-nam. Trust national council 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 244 1 Just a little 402 2 Somewhat 298 3 A lot 124 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough to say 132 94 Not asked in the country 0 Q37c. Trust national electoral commission 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 276 1 Just a little 340 2 Somewhat 320 3 A lot 190 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough to say 73 9994 Not asked in country 0 Q37d. Trust your elected local government council 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 258 1 Just a little 415 2 Somewhat 316 3 A lot 121 8 Refused 2 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough to say 88 9994 Not asked in country 0 Q37d1-nam. Trust regional council 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 250 1 Just a little 400 2 Somewhat 354 3 A lot 138 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough to say 58 94 Not asked in the country 0 Q37d2-nam. Trust appointed regional governor 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 264 1 Just a little 406 2 Somewhat 306 3 A lot 115 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough to say 108 94 Not asked in the country 0 Q37e. Trust the ruling party 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 333 1 Just a little 291 2 Somewhat 280 3 A lot 253 8 Refused 4 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough to say 39 9994 Not asked in country 0 Q37f. Trust opposition political parties 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 339 1 Just a little 399 2 Somewhat 312 3 A lot 95 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough to say 55 9994 Not asked in country 0 Q37g. Trust police 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 207 1 Just a little 335 2 Somewhat 328 3 A lot 324 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough to say 6 Q37h. Trust army 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 171 1 Just a little 324 2 Somewhat 326 3 A lot 330 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough to say 48 Q37i. Trust courts of law 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 180 1 Just a little 375 2 Somewhat 380 3 A lot 225 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough to say 39 Q37j. Trust Ministry of Health or public health agency 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 120 1 Just a little 290 2 Somewhat 397 3 A lot 387 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough to say 6 Q37k. Trust traditional leaders 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 206 1 Just a little 325 2 Somewhat 301 3 A lot 323 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough to say 45 9994 Not asked in country 0 Q37l. Trust religious leaders 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 181 1 Just a little 342 2 Somewhat 351 3 A lot 295 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough to say 31 Q37m. Trust non-governmental organisations or civil society organisations 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 211 1 Just a little 377 2 Somewhat 310 3 A lot 152 8 Refused 9 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough to say 141 Q38a. Corruption: office of the Presidency 1200 9994 9994 -1 Missing 0 0 None 0 1 Some of them 0 2 Most of them 0 3 All of them 0 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard 0 94 Not asked in the country 0 9994 Not asked in country 1200 Q38a1-nam. Corruption: office of the Prime Minister 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 None 95 1 Some of them 514 2 Most of them 310 3 All of them 108 8 Refused 5 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard 168 94 Not asked in the country 0 Q38b. Corruption: Members of Parliament 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 None 73 1 Some of them 552 2 Most of them 298 3 All of them 88 8 Refused 4 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard 185 Q38b1-nam. Corruption: Representatives National Council 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 None 85 1 Some of them 548 2 Most of them 301 3 All of them 85 8 Refused 1 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard 180 94 Not asked in the country 0 Q38c. Corruption: Civil servants 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 None 80 1 Some of them 625 2 Most of them 340 3 All of them 73 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard 82 Q38d. Corruption: local government councillors 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 None 92 1 Some of them 617 2 Most of them 288 3 All of them 87 8 Refused 2 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard 114 9994 Not asked in country 0 Q38d1-nam. Corruption: regional councilors 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 None 105 1 Some of them 629 2 Most of them 289 3 All of them 84 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard 93 94 Not asked in the country 0 Q38d2-nam. Corruption: regional governors 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 None 105 1 Some of them 619 2 Most of them 276 3 All of them 87 8 Refused 1 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard 112 94 Not asked in the country 0 Q38e. Corruption: Police 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 None 79 1 Some of them 617 2 Most of them 367 3 All of them 102 8 Refused 1 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard 34 Q38f. Corruption: Judges and Magistrates 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 None 131 1 Some of them 627 2 Most of them 254 3 All of them 73 8 Refused 1 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard 114 Q38g. Corruption: Tax officials 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 None 97 1 Some of them 543 2 Most of them 308 3 All of them 108 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard 144 Q38h. Corruption: traditional leaders 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 None 209 1 Some of them 622 2 Most of them 207 3 All of them 68 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard 94 9994 Not asked in country 0 Q38i. Corruption: religious leaders 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 None 233 1 Some of them 650 2 Most of them 189 3 All of them 46 8 Refused 1 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard 81 Q38j. Corruption: business executives 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 None 94 1 Some of them 583 2 Most of them 273 3 All of them 117 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard 133 Q38k. Corruption: non-governmental organizations or civil society organizations 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 None 161 1 Some of them 594 2 Most of them 197 3 All of them 53 8 Refused 3 9 Don't know/ Haven’t heard 192 Q39a. Level of corruption 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Increased a lot 636 2 Increased somewhat 146 3 Stayed the same 280 4 Decreased somewhat 74 5 Decreased a lot 36 8 Refused 2 9 Don’t know 26 Q39b. Ordinary people can report corruption without fear 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Can report without fear 398 1 Risk retaliation or other negative consequences 742 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 60 Q40a. Contact with public clinic or hospital 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 498 1 Yes 699 8 Refused to answer 0 9 Don't know 3 Q40b. Difficulty to obtain medical care 1200 1 7 -1 Missing 0 1 Very easy 129 2 Easy 297 3 Difficult 180 4 Very Difficult 93 7 Not applicable 501 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q40c. Pay bribe for medical care 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 602 1 Once or twice 53 2 A few times 23 3 Often 16 7 Not applicable 501 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 5 Q40d. Problems with public clinic: lack of medicine/supplies 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 120 1 Once or twice 192 2 A few times 221 3 Often 164 7 Not applicable 501 8 Refuse to answer 1 9 Don't know 1 Q40e. Problems with public clinic: absence of medical personnel 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 148 1 Once or twice 172 2 A few times 214 3 Often 161 7 Not applicable 501 8 Refuse to answer 0 9 Don't know 4 Q40f. Problems with public clinic: long waiting time 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 66 1 Once or twice 103 2 A few times 168 3 Often 361 7 Not applicable 501 8 Refuse to answer 0 9 Don't know 1 Q40g. Problems with public clinic: poor condition of facilities 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 160 1 Once or twice 182 2 A few times 166 3 Often 182 7 Not applicable 501 8 Refuse to answer 1 9 Don't know 8 Q40h. Problems with public clinic: high cost impact on care 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 353 1 Once or twice 143 2 A few times 116 3 Often 85 7 Not applicable 501 8 Refuse to answer 0 9 Don't know 2 9994 Not asked in country 0 Q41a. Have medical aid coverage 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 1025 1 Yes 171 8 Refused to answer 0 9 Don't know 4 Q41b. Type of medical aid coverage 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Private health insurance, for example, through an employer, a hospital, or that you purchased yourself that does not com 75 2 Public sector insurance scheme, for example a civil service or military insurance scheme 52 3 National health insurance provided by the government 35 4 Community-based or mutual health insurance 4 5 Some other answer 1 7 Not Applicable 1029 8 Refused to Answer 1 9 Don’t know 3 Q41c. Satisfaction with medical aid 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Not at all satisfied 9 2 Not very satisfied 23 3 Fairly satisfied 60 4 Very satisfied 78 7 Not applicable 1029 8 Refused to Answer 0 9 Don’t know 1 Q41d. Reason for no medical aid coverage 1200 0 99 -1 Missing 0 0 No health insurance schemes in this area/ in the country 11 1 Not aware of any health insurance schemes 43 2 Don’t trust health insurance schemes 19 3 Do not know how to enroll/too complicated 27 4 Do not need health insurance/belief in good health/ too young to need health insurance 17 5 Cannot afford it 774 6 Religious beliefs/God is my health insurance provider 6 7 Too old to care about health insurance 38 8 Pre-existing health conditions 6 88 Some other reason 78 97 Not applicable 175 98 Refused to Answer 0 99 Don’t know 6 Q42a. Worry about affording medical care 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 142 1 A little 123 2 Somewhat 265 3 A lot 656 8 Refused to Answer 1 9 Don't know 13 Q42b. Government should ensure healthcare for all even if more taxes 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly disagree 114 2 Disagree 192 3 Neither agree nor disagree 101 4 Agree 330 5 Strongly agree 438 8 Refused to Answer 1 9 Don't know 24 Q43. Parents mandated to vaccinate children vs personal choice 1200 2 9 -1 Missing 0 2 Agree with 1 877 3 Agree with 2 308 5 Agree with neither 10 8 Refused to answer 0 9 Don’t know 5 Q44a. Tried to obtain identity document 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 894 1 Yes 300 8 Refused to answer 1 9 Don't know 5 Q44b. Difficulty to obtain identity document 1200 1 7 -1 Missing 0 1 Very easy 69 2 Easy 119 3 Difficult 69 4 Very Difficult 43 7 Not applicable 900 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q44c. Pay bribe for identity document 1200 0 7 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 244 1 Once or twice 29 2 A few times 20 3 Often 7 7 Not applicable 900 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q45a. Requested assistance from the police 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 897 1 Yes 300 8 Refused to answer 1 9 Don't know 2 Q45b. Difficulty to obtain police assistance 1200 1 7 -1 Missing 0 1 Very easy 48 2 Easy 125 3 Difficult 75 4 Very Difficult 52 7 Not applicable 900 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q45c. Pay bribe to receive police assistance 1200 0 8 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 250 1 Once or twice 20 2 A few times 22 3 Often 7 7 Not applicable 900 8 Refused 1 9 Don't know 0 Q45d. Contact with police in other situations 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 755 1 Once or twice 164 2 A few times 156 3 Often 115 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 10 Q45e. Pay bribe to avoid problem with police 1200 0 7 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 341 1 Once or twice 51 2 A few times 33 3 Often 10 7 Not applicable 765 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 0 Q46pt1other. MIP - 1st response (verbatim other) 1200 Q46pt1. Most important problems - 1st response 1200 1 9999 -1 Missing 0 0 Nothing/ No problems 0 1 Management of the economy 10 2 Wages, incomes and salaries 43 3 Unemployment 430 4 Poverty/ Destitution 67 5 Rates and taxes 5 6 Loans / Credit 7 7 Farming/ Agriculture 7 8 Food shortage/ Famine 82 9 Drought 42 10 Land 6 11 Transportation 2 12 Communications 3 13 Infrastructure / Roads 32 14 Education 81 15 Housing 46 16 Electricity 59 17 Water supply 66 18 Orphans/ Street children/ Homeless children 5 19 Services (other) 30 20 Health 65 21 AIDS 1 22 Sickness / Disease 0 23 Crime and security 27 24 Corruption 46 25 Political violence 0 26 Political instability/ Political divisions/ Ethnic tensions 0 27 Discrimination/ Inequality 4 28 Gender issues / Women’s rights 7 29 Democracy/ Political rights 2 30 War (international) 0 31 Civil war 0 32 Agricultural marketing 0 33 Climate change 2 34 COVID-19 0 35 Increasing cost of living 10 9995 Other responses 0 9998 Refused 11 9999 Don’t know 2 Q46pt2other. MIP - 2nd response (verbatim other) 1200 Q46pt2. Most important problems - 2nd response 1200 1 9996 -1 Missing 0 1 Management of the economy 10 2 Wages, incomes and salaries 47 3 Unemployment 197 4 Poverty/ Destitution 77 5 Rates and taxes 6 6 Loans / Credit 20 7 Farming/ Agriculture 17 8 Food shortage/ Famine 107 9 Drought 27 10 Land 26 11 Transportation 1 12 Communications 2 13 Infrastructure / Roads 41 14 Education 98 15 Housing 49 16 Electricity 65 17 Water supply 101 18 Orphans/ Street children/ Homeless children 12 19 Services (other) 38 20 Health 93 21 AIDS 3 22 Sickness / Disease 0 23 Crime and security 43 24 Corruption 29 25 Political violence 0 26 Political instability/ Political divisions/ Ethnic tensions 2 27 Discrimination/ Inequality 5 28 Gender issues / Women’s rights 11 29 Democracy/ Political rights 3 30 War (international) 0 31 Civil war 0 32 Agricultural marketing 0 33 Climate change 2 34 COVID-19 1 35 Increasing cost of living 13 9995 Other responses 1 9996 No further reply 53 Q46pt3other. MIP - 3rd response (verbatim other) 1200 Q46pt3. Most important problems - 3rd response 1200 1 9996 -1 Missing 0 1 Management of the economy 14 2 Wages, incomes and salaries 29 3 Unemployment 138 4 Poverty/ Destitution 48 5 Rates and taxes 13 6 Loans / Credit 33 7 Farming/ Agriculture 21 8 Food shortage/ Famine 78 9 Drought 23 10 Land 28 11 Transportation 5 12 Communications 4 13 Infrastructure / Roads 41 14 Education 124 15 Housing 61 16 Electricity 82 17 Water supply 51 18 Orphans/ Street children/ Homeless children 14 19 Services (other) 29 20 Health 89 21 AIDS 3 22 Sickness / Disease 1 23 Crime and security 43 24 Corruption 49 25 Political violence 0 26 Political instability/ Political divisions/ Ethnic tensions 4 27 Discrimination/ Inequality 6 28 Gender issues / Women’s rights 9 29 Democracy/ Political rights 6 30 War (international) 0 31 Civil war 0 32 Agricultural marketing 1 33 Climate change 0 34 COVID-19 1 35 Increasing cost of living 12 9995 Other responses 0 9996 No further reply 140 Q47a. Handling managing the economy 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very badly 524 2 Fairly badly 302 3 Fairly well 278 4 Very well 70 8 Refused 1 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough to say 25 Q47b. Handling improving living standards of the poor 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very badly 665 2 Fairly badly 324 3 Fairly well 160 4 Very well 39 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough to say 12 Q47c. Handling creating jobs 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very badly 817 2 Fairly badly 238 3 Fairly well 104 4 Very well 30 8 Refused 1 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough to say 10 Q47d. Handling keeping prices stable 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very badly 768 2 Fairly badly 252 3 Fairly well 133 4 Very well 33 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough to say 14 Q47e. Handling narrowing income gaps 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very badly 802 2 Fairly badly 272 3 Fairly well 94 4 Very well 13 8 Refused 1 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough to say 18 Q47f. Handling reducing crime 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very badly 593 2 Fairly badly 232 3 Fairly well 259 4 Very well 107 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough to say 9 Q47g. Handling improving basic health services 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very badly 418 2 Fairly badly 277 3 Fairly well 335 4 Very well 162 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough to say 8 Q47h. Handling addressing educational needs 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very badly 441 2 Fairly badly 306 3 Fairly well 321 4 Very well 125 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough to say 7 Q47i. Handling providing water and sanitation services 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very badly 519 2 Fairly badly 303 3 Fairly well 265 4 Very well 107 8 Refused 2 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough to say 4 Q47j. Handling fighting corruption 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very badly 605 2 Fairly badly 312 3 Fairly well 213 4 Very well 51 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough to say 19 Q47k. Handling maintaining roads and bridges 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very badly 400 2 Fairly badly 272 3 Fairly well 353 4 Very well 165 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough to say 10 Q47l. Handling providing a reliable supply of electricity 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very badly 526 2 Fairly badly 302 3 Fairly well 273 4 Very well 89 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough to say 10 Q47m. Handling preventing or resolving violent conflict 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very badly 406 2 Fairly badly 342 3 Fairly well 314 4 Very well 90 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know / Haven’t heard enough to say 48 Q48a. Performance: President 1200 9994 9994 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly disapprove 0 2 Disapprove 0 3 Approve 0 4 Strongly approve 0 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know or haven't heard enough to say 0 94 Not asked in the country 0 9994 Not asked in country 1200 Q48a1-nam. Performance: Prime Minister 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly disapprove 152 2 Disapprove 275 3 Approve 420 4 Strongly approve 91 8 Refused 3 9 Don’t know or haven't heard enough to say 259 94 Not asked in the country 0 Q48b. Performance: MP/National Assembly rep 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly disapprove 136 2 Disapprove 351 3 Approve 408 4 Strongly approve 54 8 Refused 5 9 Don’t know or haven't heard enough to say 246 Q48b1-nam. Performance: representatives national council 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly disapprove 127 2 Disapprove 360 3 Approve 418 4 Strongly approve 56 8 Refused 2 9 Don’t know or haven't heard enough to say 237 94 Not asked in the country 0 Q48b2-nam. Performance: regional councilor 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly disapprove 154 2 Disapprove 357 3 Approve 448 4 Strongly approve 86 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know or haven't heard enough to say 155 94 Not asked in the country 0 Q48c. Performance: local government councillor 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly disapprove 161 2 Disapprove 379 3 Approve 414 4 Strongly approve 68 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know or haven't heard enough to say 177 9994 Not asked in country 0 Q48c1-nam. Performance: regional governor 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly disapprove 152 2 Disapprove 363 3 Approve 445 4 Strongly approve 75 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know or haven't heard enough to say 164 94 Not asked in the country 0 Q49a. Community leaders effective in promoting young leaders 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly disagree 327 2 Disagree 336 3 Neither Agree nor disagree 165 4 Agree 259 5 Strongly agree 77 8 Refused to Answer 1 9 Don't know 35 Q49b. Men have more right to job 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly disagree 512 2 Disagree 384 3 Neither Agree nor disagree 82 4 Agree 146 5 Strongly agree 67 8 Refused to Answer 1 9 Don't know 8 Q50. Priorities for investment in youth programs 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Job creation 671 2 Education 143 3 Jobs training 191 4 Access to business loans 113 5 Social services for youth, for example, to improve health and prevent drug abuse 63 6 None of the above/some other programs 9 7 Government should not increase its spending on programs to help young people 8 8 Refused to answer 0 9 Don’t know 2 Q51. Men only as leaders vs women leaders 1200 2 9 -1 Missing 0 2 Agree with 1 304 3 Agree with 2 866 5 Agree with neither 22 8 Refused to answer 1 9 Don’t know 7 Q52a. Girls miss school because boys' education prioritized 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 806 1 Rarely 253 2 Often 88 3 Always 29 8 Refused to answer 0 9 Don’t know 24 Q52b. Girl students face discrimination, harassment 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 467 1 Rarely 361 2 Often 255 3 Always 77 8 Refused to answer 2 9 Don’t know 38 Q53c. Women face harassement in public places 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 453 1 Rarely 369 2 Often 258 3 Always 94 8 Refused to answer 0 9 Don’t know 26 Q52d. Women prevented from paid employment by family 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 622 1 Rarely 323 2 Often 167 3 Always 57 8 Refused to answer 1 9 Don’t know 30 Q53a. Police/courts do enough to protect women/girls 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Need to do much more 556 2 Need to do somewhat more 338 3 Doing enough 270 8 Refused to answer 0 9 Don’t know 36 Q53b. People believe women/girls' complaints 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Not at all likely 223 2 Not very likely 347 3 Somewhat likely 347 4 Very likely 250 8 Refused to answer 0 9 Don’t know 33 Q54. Preferred resolution source for legal problems 1200 0 99 -1 Missing 0 0 Nowhere / I would not try to resolve it / There is no place to go / No hope of chance for resolution 12 1 A traditional leader or traditional court 117 2 The police 837 3 A lawyer 37 4 A legal aid service 19 5 A local court 11 6 A mediator, arbitrator, or counsellor, or service for “alternative dispute resolution” 5 7 Religious leaders 6 8 Family members 71 9 Prayer / God 11 10 Elders 29 11 Political leaders 8 12 Government official 10 95 Other 14 98 Refused to answer 1 99 Don’t know 12 Q54other. Preferred resolution source for legal problems (verbatim) 1200 Q55a. Access to legal support 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all likely 363 1 Not very likely 301 2 Somewhat likely 323 3 Very likely 190 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 23 Q55b. Affordability of legal support 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all likely 430 1 Not very likely 303 2 Somewhat likely 286 3 Very likely 165 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know 15 Q55c. Affordability of court case 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all likely 469 1 Not very likely 286 2 Somewhat likely 221 3 Very likely 205 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know 18 Q55d. Court case: Timeliness of resolution 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all likely 379 1 Not very likely 320 2 Somewhat likely 292 3 Very likely 168 8 Refused 2 9 Don’t know 39 Q55e. Court case: Fairness of resolution 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all likely 337 1 Not very likely 262 2 Somewhat likely 313 3 Very likely 237 8 Refused 3 9 Don’t know 48 Q56. Awareness of legal aid services 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 855 1 Yes 324 7 Not applicable 0 8 Refused to answer 0 9 Don't know 21 Q57a. Confidence in obtaining justice 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all confident 141 1 Not very confident 275 2 Somewhat confident 463 3 Very confident 286 8 Refused to Answer 0 9 Don’t know 35 Q57b. Severity of penalties for crimes by ordinary people 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Too Lenient 179 2 About right 615 3 Too harsh 355 8 Refused to Answer 1 9 Don’t know / Haven’t heard enough to say 50 Q58. Severity of penalties for crimes by powerful people 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Too lenient 555 2 About right 485 3 Too harsh 101 8 Refused to Answer 1 9 Don’t know / Haven’t heard enough to say 58 Q59a. Severity of droughts 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much more severe 602 2 Somewhat more severe 183 3 Stayed the same 161 4 Somewhat less severe 69 5 Much less severe 109 8 Refused to answer 3 9 Don’t know 73 Q59b. Severity of flooding 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much more severe 118 2 Somewhat more severe 126 3 Stayed the same 270 4 Somewhat less severe 197 5 Much less severe 374 8 Refused to answer 1 9 Don’t know 114 Q59c. Severity of crop failure 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much more severe 540 2 Somewhat more severe 164 3 Stayed the same 164 4 Somewhat less severe 94 5 Much less severe 133 8 Refused to answer 3 9 Don’t know 102 Q59d-nam. Severity of mudslides or landslides 1200 9994 9994 -1 Missing 0 1 Much more severe 0 2 Somewhat more severe 0 3 Stayed the same 0 4 Somewhat less severe 0 5 Much less severe 0 8 Refused to answer 0 9 Don’t know 0 9994 Not asked in country 1200 Q59e-nam. Severity of land or soil erosion 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much more severe 221 2 Somewhat more severe 168 3 Stayed the same 320 4 Somewhat less severe 127 5 Much less severe 209 8 Refused to answer 1 9 Don’t know 154 9994 Not asked in country 0 Q59f-nam. Severity of bush encroachment 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much more severe 184 2 Somewhat more severe 166 3 Stayed the same 316 4 Somewhat less severe 145 5 Much less severe 239 8 Refused to answer 1 9 Don’t know 149 Q60a. Heard about climate change 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 619 1 Yes 553 8 Refused to answer 0 9 Don't know 28 Q60b. Climate change: affecting country 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Much better 33 2 Somewhat better 60 3 Neither/ no change / about the same 54 4 Somewhat worse 137 5 Much worse 242 7 Not Applicable 647 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know / Haven’t heard enough to say 27 Q61a. Climate change: main cause 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Human activity, like cutting down forests, or burning fuel and other activities that pollute the atmosphere 240 2 Natural weather patterns or natural processes 162 3 Both human activity and natural processes 109 4 Some other reason 6 5 None of these 12 7 Not applicable 647 8 Refused to Answer 0 9 Don’t know / Haven’t heard enough 24 Q61b. Main responsibility for causing climate change 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 The people, businesses and government of country 165 2 People, businesses and governments in other parts of the world 227 3 None of these 96 7 Not applicable 647 8 Refused to Answer 0 9 Don’t know / Haven’t heard enough 65 Q62a. Government must act now to limit climate change 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly disagree 59 2 Disagree 89 3 Neither Agree nor disagree 82 4 Agree 205 5 Strongly agree 98 7 Not applicable 647 8 Refused to answer 3 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough to say 17 Q62b. Rich countries must act now to limit climate change 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly disagree 28 2 Disagree 79 3 Neither Agree nor disagree 92 4 Agree 225 5 Strongly agree 106 7 Not applicable 647 8 Refused to answer 2 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough to say 21 Q62c. Rich countries should contribute to climate adaptation costs 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly disagree 30 2 Disagree 58 3 Neither Agree nor disagree 99 4 Agree 210 5 Strongly agree 124 7 Not applicable 647 8 Refused to answer 1 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough to say 31 Q62d. Who primarily responsible for limiting climate change 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 None of these / No one / Climate change can’t be stopped or doesn’t need to be addressed 72 1 Ordinary Citizens 68 2 Business and industry 93 3 The government of country 180 4 Rich or developed countries 105 5 Traditional leaders 3 6 Someone else 5 7 Not applicable 647 8 Refused to answer 0 9 Don’t know 27 Q63a. Ban tree cutting for firewood/charcoal even if fuel more costly 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly disagree 310 2 Disagree 280 3 Neither agree nor disagree 143 4 Agree 258 5 Strongly agree 169 8 Refused to answer 1 9 Don’t know 39 Q63b. Require cleaner fuel cookstoves even if more costly 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly disagree 251 2 Disagree 298 3 Neither agree nor disagree 217 4 Agree 275 5 Strongly agree 114 8 Refused to answer 1 9 Don’t know 44 Q63c. Invest in infrastructure for climate resilience 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly disagree 99 2 Disagree 182 3 Neither agree nor disagree 187 4 Agree 397 5 Strongly agree 291 8 Refused to answer 1 9 Don’t know 43 Q63d. Pressure rich countries to provide climate change aid 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly disagree 91 2 Disagree 200 3 Neither agree nor disagree 202 4 Agree 411 5 Strongly agree 214 8 Refused to answer 2 9 Don’t know 80 Q63e-nam. Promote electric taxis/buses even if more costly 1200 9994 9994 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly disagree 0 2 Disagree 0 3 Neither agree nor disagree 0 4 Agree 0 5 Strongly agree 0 8 Refused to answer 0 9 Don’t know 0 94 Not asked in the country 0 9994 Not asked in country 1200 Q63f-nam. Invest in wind/solar energy even if more costly 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly disagree 80 2 Disagree 182 3 Neither agree nor disagree 178 4 Agree 410 5 Strongly agree 289 8 Refused to answer 1 9 Don’t know 60 9994 Not asked in country 0 Q64a. Climate change adaptation: change water consumption 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 682 1 Yes 487 8 Refused to answer 5 9 Don't know 26 Q64b. Climate change adaptation: change outdoor work 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 694 1 Yes 474 8 Refused to answer 3 9 Don't know 29 Q64c. Climate change adaptation: move to another place 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 902 1 Yes 286 8 Refused to answer 2 9 Don't know 10 Q64d. Climate change adaptation: change livestock rearing 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 682 1 Yes 347 7 Not applicable 146 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know 24 9994 Not asked in country 0 Q64e. Climate change adaptation: change crops or food 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 779 1 Yes 385 8 Refused to answer 1 9 Don't know 35 Q65a. Radio news 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 150 1 Less than once a month 47 2 A few times a month 83 3 A few times a week 212 4 Every day 706 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 2 Q65b. Television news 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 501 1 Less than once a month 95 2 A few times a month 89 3 A few times a week 146 4 Every day 365 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 4 Q65c. Newspaper news 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 444 1 Less than once a month 162 2 A few times a month 194 3 A few times a week 220 4 Every day 176 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 4 Q65d. Social media news 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 420 1 Less than once a month 79 2 A few times a month 110 3 A few times a week 198 4 Every day 390 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 3 Q65e. Other internet news sources 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 488 1 Less than once a month 92 2 A few times a month 119 3 A few times a week 190 4 Every day 307 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 4 Q66. China's influence on economy 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 None 43 1 A little 107 2 Somewhat 259 3 A lot 574 8 Refused 2 9 Don’t know / Haven’t heard enough 215 Q67a. Influence of country: Former colonial power 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very negative 89 2 Somewhat negative 157 3 Neither positive nor negative 155 4 Somewhat positive 346 5 Very positive 232 8 Refused 2 9 Don’t know 219 9994 Not asked in country 0 Q67b. Influence of country: China 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very negative 77 2 Somewhat negative 142 3 Neither positive nor negative 116 4 Somewhat positive 335 5 Very positive 370 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know 159 Q67c. Influence of country: United States 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very negative 63 2 Somewhat negative 95 3 Neither positive nor negative 161 4 Somewhat positive 357 5 Very positive 292 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know 231 Q67d. Influence of country: Russia 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very negative 95 2 Somewhat negative 154 3 Neither positive nor negative 180 4 Somewhat positive 296 5 Very positive 190 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 285 Q67e. Influence of country: India 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very negative 84 2 Somewhat negative 148 3 Neither positive nor negative 207 4 Somewhat positive 256 5 Very positive 173 8 Refused 2 9 Don’t know 330 Q67e1-nam. Influence of country: Japan 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very negative 81 2 Somewhat negative 130 3 Neither positive nor negative 173 4 Somewhat positive 288 5 Very positive 182 8 Refused 2 9 Don’t know 344 Q67e2-nam. Influence of country: South Africa 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very negative 17 2 Somewhat negative 42 3 Neither positive nor negative 93 4 Somewhat positive 348 5 Very positive 582 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 118 Q67f. Influence of organization: African Union 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very negative 29 2 Somewhat negative 52 3 Neither positive nor negative 132 4 Somewhat positive 351 5 Very positive 400 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know 235 Q67g. Influence of organization: Regional organisation 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very negative 30 2 Somewhat negative 39 3 Neither positive nor negative 119 4 Somewhat positive 364 5 Very positive 444 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 204 Q67h. Influence of organization: European Union 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very negative 35 2 Somewhat negative 78 3 Neither positive nor negative 146 4 Somewhat positive 378 5 Very positive 283 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know 279 Q68. Main country/organization contributing to mitigation of COVID-19 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 None of them / No country or organization helped 27 1 The African Union or the African Center for Disease Control, known as the African CDC 179 2 China 447 3 United States of America 234 4 Russia 25 5 Europe, like the European Union or former colonial power 44 6 India 21 7 Some other answer 11 8 Refused to answer 1 9 Don’t know / Haven’t heard enough 211 Q69a. Awareness of Russia-Ukraine war 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 333 1 Yes 825 8 Refused to answer 4 9 Don't know 38 Q69b. Support which side in Russia-Ukraine war 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Be neutral 523 2 Side with Russia 104 3 Side with Ukraine 74 4 Support one / don’t know which side 47 7 Not applicable 375 8 Refused to answer 14 9 Don’t know 63 Q70a. Regional organisation recognizes our country's needs/interests 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly disagree 47 2 Disagree 87 3 Neither Agree nor disagree 174 4 Agree 514 5 Strongly agree 194 7 Not applicable 0 8 Refused to answer 2 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough to say 182 Q70b. African Union recognizes our country's needs/interests 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly disagree 34 2 Disagree 77 3 Neither Agree nor disagree 180 4 Agree 541 5 Strongly agree 179 7 Not applicable 0 8 Refused to answer 2 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough to say 187 Q70c. African countries should have greater influence in international bodies 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly disagree 34 2 Disagree 63 3 Neither Agree nor disagree 161 4 Agree 504 5 Strongly agree 295 7 Not applicable 0 8 Refused to answer 2 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough to say 141 Q71a. Considered emigration to other country 1200 0 8 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 790 1 A little bit 176 2 Somewhat 79 3 A lot 144 8 Don’t know 11 9 Refused to answer 0 Q71b. Most likely country for emigration 1200 1 99 -1 Missing 0 1 Most prominent country in the region 86 2 Another country in the region 35 3 Elsewhere in Africa 30 4 Europe 111 5 North America (i.e. USA or Canada) 80 6 Central or South America 13 7 Middle East 5 8 Asia i.e., China, Russia 10 9 Australia 19 10 Outside of Africa (place not specified) 12 97 Not applicable 790 98 Refused to answer 1 99 Don’t know 8 Q72. Most important reason for emigrating 1200 1 9999 -1 Missing 0 1 Find work/better job/better work opportunities 219 2 Economic hardship 55 3 Lower taxes at destination 4 4 Poverty/Destitution 30 5 Poor infrastructure/services 5 6 Better business prospects 27 8 Better democratic environment/Personal freedom/Human rights/Civil liberties 5 9 Political persecution 0 10 Religious persecution 2 11 Civil war/Threat of civil war/Violent conflicts/Extremism 0 12 Crime or personal/family insecurity 3 13 Better schools for children 9 14 Better medical services for family 1 15 To pursue an education 24 16 To accompany family members who are moving for work 5 17 To join spouse/family members who have already migrated 5 18 Travel / Tourism / Adventure / Experience other cultures 10 19 Natural disasters, including drought, flooding, etc. 1 20 Disease outbreaks 0 9995 Some other answer Specify 1 9997 Not applicable 790 9998 Refused to answer 0 9999 Don’t know 4 Q72other. Most important reason for emigrating (verbatim) 1200 Q73a. Economic impact of foreign migrants 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Very bad 336 1 Fairly bad 269 2 Neither good nor bad 218 3 Fairly good 215 4 Very good 131 8 Refused to answer 0 9 Don’t know 31 Q73b. Admit more or fewer job seekers 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No job seekers at all 364 1 Fewer job seekers 547 2 About the same 187 3 More job seekers 84 8 Refused to answer 1 9 Don’t know 17 Q73c. Admit more or fewer refugees 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No refugees at all 377 1 Fewer refugees 559 2 About the same 172 3 More refugees 57 8 Refused to answer 0 9 Don’t know 35 Q73d. Difficulty to move across borders 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Very difficult 205 2 Difficult 307 3 Easy 298 4 Very easy 118 8 Refused to answer 0 9 Don’t know/Haven’t heard enough to say 272 Q74. Awareness of AfCFTA 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 987 1 Yes 158 8 Refused to answer 1 9 Don't know 54 Q75. Preferred trading partners 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 None of the above, don’t want open trade 27 1 Regional countries only 114 2 All African countries 379 3 All countries globally 581 4 Some other answer 16 8 Refused to answer 1 9 Don’t know 82 Q76a. Promoting trade vs protecting local producers 1200 2 9 -1 Missing 0 2 Agree with 1 719 3 Agree with 2 404 5 Agree with neither 34 8 Refused to answer 0 9 Don’t know 43 Q76b. Allow free movement in region vs limit cross-border movement 1200 2 9 -1 Missing 0 2 Agree with 1 665 3 Agree with 2 475 5 Agree with neither 26 8 Refused to answer 1 9 Don’t know 33 Q77a-nam. Same-sex attracted individuals deserve equal legal rights in Namibia 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disagree 475 2 Disagree 289 3 Neither agree nor disagree 108 4 Agree 237 5 Strongly Agree 79 8 Refused 2 9 Don’t know 10 Q77b-nam. Namibians should be tolerant of same-sex attraction, regardless of personal morals 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disagree 452 2 Disagree 309 3 Neither agree nor disagree 135 4 Agree 229 5 Strongly Agree 64 8 Refused 5 9 Don’t know 6 Q77c-nam. Everyone should have the right to marry regardless of their partner's gender 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disagree 531 2 Disagree 289 3 Neither agree nor disagree 102 4 Agree 185 5 Strongly Agree 80 8 Refused 5 9 Don’t know 8 Q77d-nam. It's possible to follow my religion and accept same-sex relationships 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disagree 515 2 Disagree 310 3 Neither agree nor disagree 116 4 Agree 169 5 Strongly Agree 77 8 Refused 4 9 Don’t know 9 Q77e-nam. Same-sex couples have the right to be parents like anyone else 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly Disagree 546 2 Disagree 276 3 Neither agree nor disagree 105 4 Agree 178 5 Strongly Agree 75 8 Refused 8 9 Don’t know 12 Q78a-nam. frequency Namibians in same-sex relationships face job discrimination 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 495 1 Just once or twice 122 2 Several times 168 3 Many times 123 4 Always 102 8 Refused 14 9 Don't know 176 Q78b-nam. frequency Namibians in same-sex relationships face housing discrimination 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 524 1 Just once or twice 140 2 Several times 151 3 Many times 107 4 Always 78 8 Refused 18 9 Don't know 182 Q78c-nam. frequency Namibians in same-sex relationships face harassment or threats 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 362 1 Just once or twice 140 2 Several times 214 3 Many times 184 4 Always 146 8 Refused 18 9 Don't know 136 Q79-nam. Attitude Towards Same-Sex Attraction in Friends or Family 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Completely rejecting 485 2 Somewhat rejecting 250 3 Neither accepting nor rejecting 198 4 Somewhat accepting 125 5 Completely accepting 122 8 Refused 5 9 Don’t know 15 Q80a-nam. Justifiability adults using marijuana 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Always justified 134 2 Sometimes justified 278 3 Never justified 747 8 Refused 5 9 Don’t know 36 Q80b-nam. Justifiability divorce 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Always justified 337 2 Sometimes justified 468 3 Never justified 359 8 Refused 6 9 Don’t know 30 Q80c-nam. Justifiability euthanasia 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Always justified 235 2 Sometimes justified 333 3 Never justified 560 8 Refused 11 9 Don’t know 61 Q80d-nam. Justifiability suicide 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Always justified 203 2 Sometimes justified 304 3 Never justified 647 8 Refused 15 9 Don’t know 31 Q80e-nam. Justifiability sex work 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Always justified 201 2 Sometimes justified 290 3 Never justified 642 8 Refused 14 9 Don’t know 53 Q81-nam. Level religiosity 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Do not believe in any deities or higher powers.. 177 2 Have doubts about the existence of deities or higher powers. 122 3 Unsure whether there are deities or higher powers. 110 4 I Identify with a specific religion but do not engage in religious practices regularly. 179 5 I actively participate in religious practices and consider religion a central part of my life. 498 8 Refused 27 9 Don’t know 87 Q82. Respondent's race 1200 1 6 -1 Missing 0 1 Black / African 1135 2 White / European 10 3 Coloured / Mixed race 53 4 Arab / Lebanese / North African 0 5 South Asian (Indian, Pakistani, etc.) 1 6 East Asian (Chinese, Korean, Indonesian, etc.) 1 9994 Not asked in country 0 9995 Other 0 9998 Refused to answer 0 9999 Don’t know 0 Q82other. Respondent's race (verbatim) 1200 Q83a. Ethnic community, cultural group or tribe 1200 1 9999 -1 Missing 0 1 English 13 3 Portuguese 1 580 Wambo 589 581 Herero 143 582 Caprivian 21 583 Kavango (Rukwangali/Rumanyo/Hambukushu) 130 584 German 4 585 Afrikaaner 38 588 Nama 69 589 Damara 95 590 Lozi 27 591 Subia 17 592 Coloured 20 593 Tswana 6 594 Baster 15 9990 (National identity) only, or “doesn’t think of self in those terms” 3 9994 Not asked in country 0 9995 Other 6 9998 Refused to answer 2 9999 Don’t know 1 Q83aother. Ethnic community, cultural group or tribe (verbatim) 1200 Q83b. Ethnic group treated unfairly by government 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 21 0 Never 558 1 Sometimes 418 2 Often 89 3 Always 56 7 Not Applicable 6 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 52 9994 Not asked in country 0 Q83c. Ethnic or national identity 1200 -1 9 -1 Missing 17 1 I feel only (ethnic group) 100 2 I feel more (ethnic group) than (national identity) 97 3 I feel equally (national identity) and (ethnic group) 582 4 I feel more (national identity) than (ethnic group) 118 5 I feel only (national identity) 268 7 Not applicable 6 8 Refused 1 9 Don't know 11 9994 Not asked in country 0 Q84. Frequency of pregnancy termination in your community 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Often 220 2 Occasionally 283 3 Rarely 256 4 Never 259 8 Refused to answer 1 9 Don’t know 181 Q85a. Justify pregnancy termination due to rape or close relative 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Always justified 349 2 Sometimes justified 368 3 Never justified 447 8 Refused to answer 2 9 Don’t know 34 9994 Not asked in country 0 Q85b. Justify pregnancy termination due to health endangerment 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Always justified 431 2 Sometimes justified 445 3 Never justified 294 8 Refused to answer 2 9 Don’t know 28 Q85c. Justify pregnancy termination due to economic hardships 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Always justified 201 2 Sometimes justified 408 3 Never justified 563 8 Refused to answer 1 9 Don’t know 27 Q85d. Justify preganancy termination for any reason 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Always justified 182 2 Sometimes justified 385 3 Never justified 603 8 Refused to answer 2 9 Don’t know 28 Q86a. Accessibility of contraceptives regardless of marital status 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly disagree 51 2 Disagree 127 3 Neither agree nor disagree 90 4 Agree 470 5 Strongly agree 456 8 Refused to answer 0 9 Don’t know 6 Q86b. Accessibility of contraceptives regardless of age 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly disagree 88 2 Disagree 129 3 Neither agree nor disagree 99 4 Agree 470 5 Strongly agree 408 8 Refused to answer 2 9 Don’t know 4 Q86c. Continue girls education even if pregnancy or children 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly disagree 35 2 Disagree 68 3 Neither agree nor disagree 79 4 Agree 453 5 Strongly agree 558 8 Refused to answer 0 9 Don’t know 7 Q86d. Teach sex education in schools 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly disagree 37 2 Disagree 74 3 Neither agree nor disagree 83 4 Agree 457 5 Strongly agree 539 8 Refused to answer 1 9 Don’t know 9 Q86e. Women's autonomy in marriage decisions 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly disagree 39 2 Disagree 123 3 Neither agree nor disagree 65 4 Agree 508 5 Strongly agree 460 8 Refused to answer 3 9 Don’t know 2 Q86f. Women's autonomy in reproductive decisions 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly disagree 47 2 Disagree 104 3 Neither agree nor disagree 64 4 Agree 523 5 Strongly agree 455 8 Refused to answer 2 9 Don’t know 5 Q87a. Trust relatives 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 120 1 Just a little 261 2 Somewhat 299 3 A lot 515 8 Refused to answer 1 9 Don’t know 4 Q87b. Trust neighbours 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 237 1 Just a little 366 2 Somewhat 356 3 A lot 238 8 Refused to answer 0 9 Don’t know 3 Q87c. Trust other citizens 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 326 1 Just a little 425 2 Somewhat 298 3 A lot 146 8 Refused to answer 0 9 Don’t know 5 Q87d. Trust people from other religions 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 338 1 Just a little 425 2 Somewhat 332 3 A lot 98 8 Refused to answer 0 9 Don’t know 7 Q87e. Trust people from other ethnic groups 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Not at all 328 1 Just a little 425 2 Somewhat 358 3 A lot 81 8 Refused to answer 0 9 Don’t know 8 9994 Not asked in country 0 Q88a. Neighbours: people of different religion 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly dislike 70 2 Somewhat dislike 84 3 Would not care 561 4 Somewhat like 339 5 Strongly like 139 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know 6 Q88b. Neighbours: people of different ethnicity 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly dislike 53 2 Somewhat dislike 101 3 Would not care 564 4 Somewhat like 339 5 Strongly like 134 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know 8 9994 Not asked in country 0 Q88c. Neighbours: homosexuals 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly dislike 370 2 Somewhat dislike 213 3 Would not care 392 4 Somewhat like 147 5 Strongly like 69 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 9 Q88d. Neighbours: immigrants and foreign workers 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly dislike 115 2 Somewhat dislike 134 3 Would not care 569 4 Somewhat like 265 5 Strongly like 110 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know 6 Q88e. Neighbours: people who support a different political party 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly dislike 78 2 Somewhat dislike 109 3 Would not care 589 4 Somewhat like 298 5 Strongly like 117 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know 8 Q88f. Neighbours: refugees fleeing persecution 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Strongly dislike 137 2 Somewhat dislike 149 3 Would not care 535 4 Somewhat like 263 5 Strongly like 95 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know 20 Q89a. Close to political party 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No (does NOT feel close to ANY party) 560 1 Yes (feels close to a party) 589 8 Refused to answer 39 9 Does not know 12 Q89b. Which party 1200 580 9999 -1 Missing 0 580 APP (All People’s Party) 4 581 CDV (Christian Democratic Voice Party) 0 582 COD (Congress of Democrats) 1 583 DPN (Democratic Party of Namibia) 0 584 MAG (Monitor Action Group) 0 585 NDP (National Democratic Party of Namibia) 1 586 NEFF (Namibia Economic Freedom Fighters) 20 587 NUDO (National Unity Democratic Organisation of Namibia) 23 588 RDP (Rally for Democracy and Progress) 4 589 RP (Republican Party of Namibia) 0 590 SWANU (Swanu of Namibia) 1 591 SWAPO (SWAPO Party of Namibia) 375 592 UDF (United Democratic Front of Namibia) 12 593 UPM (United People’s Movement) 1 594 WRP (Workers Revolutionary Party) 0 595 LPM (Landless People’s Movement) 26 596 PDM (Popular Democratic Movement) 34 597 IPC (Independent Patriots for Change) 48 598 NEFC (National Empowerment Fighting Corruption) 0 599 NPF (National Patriotic Front of Namibia) 0 600 BCP (Body of Christ Party) 1 601 AR (Affirmative Repositioning) 4 9995 Other 0 9997 Not Applicable 611 9998 Refused to answer 28 9999 Don't know 6 Q89bother. Which party (verbatim) 1200 Q90a. Own radio 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No, no one in the household owns 245 1 Someone else in household owns 174 2 Yes (personally owns) 779 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 2 Q90b. Own television 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No, no one in the household owns 571 1 Someone else in household owns 180 2 Yes (personally owns) 439 8 Refused 2 9 Don’t know 8 Q90c. Own motor vehicle, car or motorcycle 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No, no one in the household owns 656 1 Someone else in household owns 241 2 Yes (personally owns) 294 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know 8 Q90d. Own computer 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No, no one in the household owns 747 1 Someone else in household owns 160 2 Yes (personally owns) 280 8 Refused 2 9 Don’t know 11 Q90e. Own bank account 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No, no one in the household owns 217 1 Someone else in household owns 124 2 Yes (personally owns) 851 8 Refused 2 9 Don’t know 6 Q90f. Own mobile phone 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No, no one in the household owns 129 1 Someone else in household owns 78 2 Yes (personally owns) 992 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 1 Q90g. Own mobile money account 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No, no one in the household owns 389 1 Someone else in household owns 136 2 Yes (personally owns) 643 8 Refused 3 9 Don’t know 29 Q90h. Mobile phone access to internet 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No (Does not have Internet access) 432 1 Yes (Has Internet access) 558 7 Not applicable (does not personally have mobile phone) 208 8 Refused 0 9 Don’t know 2 Q90i. How often use a mobile phone 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 87 1 Less than once a month 34 2 A few times a month 60 3 A few times a week 80 4 Every day 937 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 2 Q90j. How often use the internet 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Never 423 1 Less than once a month 110 2 A few times a month 129 3 A few times a week 189 4 Every day 345 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 4 Q91a. Location of toilet or latrine 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 None, no latrine available 480 1 Inside the house 397 2 Inside the compound 129 3 Outside the compound 191 8 Refused to answer 0 9 Don't know 3 Q91b. Location of main water source 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Inside the house 394 2 Inside the compound 251 3 Outside the compound 538 8 Refused to answer 5 9 Don't know 12 Q92. Source of water for household use 1200 1 99 -1 Missing 0 1 Piped public or community water system 956 4 Tubewell or borehole 157 5 Dug well that is protected 24 6 Dug well that is not protected 15 7 Spring that is protected 1 8 Spring that is unprotected 8 9 Rainwater 4 10 Bottled water 12 11 Purchased from a cart or truck 4 13 Surface water, like a river, dam, lake, pond, stream, canal, or irrigation channel 12 95 Some other source 0 98 Refused to answer 3 99 Don’t know 4 Q92other. Source of water for household use (verbatim) 1200 Q93a. Electric connection from mains 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 625 1 Yes 569 8 Refused to answer 0 9 Don't know 6 Q93b. Electricity available from mains 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Never 34 2 Occasionally 66 3 About half of the time 24 4 Most of the time 110 5 All of the time 333 7 Not Applicable 631 8 Refused 0 9 Don't know 2 Q93c. Other source of electricity: available 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 No 929 1 Yes 260 7 Not applicable 0 8 Refused to answer 0 9 Don't know 11 Q93d. Other source of electricity: type 1200 1 99 -1 Missing 0 1 Batteries or power bank 14 2 Generator 11 3 Solar panels 93 4 Wind power 2 5 Hydro power 90 6 Biogas 19 95 Other 15 96 Multiple sources 4 97 Not applicable 940 98 Refused to answer 0 99 Don’t know 12 Q93dother. Other source of electricity: type (verbatim) 1200 Q94a. Employment status 1200 0 8 -1 Missing 0 0 No (not looking) 321 1 No (looking) 503 2 Yes, part time 100 3 Yes, full time 275 8 Refused 1 9 Don’t know 0 Q94b. Occupation of respondent 1200 0 9999 -1 Missing 0 0 Never had a job 235 1 Student 143 2 Housewife / homemaker 69 3 Agriculture / farming / fishing / forestry 75 4 Trader / hawker / vendor 51 5 Retail / Shop 93 6 Unskilled manual worker (e.g., cleaner, laborer, domestic help, unskilled manufacturing worker) 227 7 Artisan or skilled manual worker (e.g., trades like electrician, mechanic, machinist or skilled manufacturing worker) 93 8 Clerical or secretarial 16 9 Supervisor / Foreman / Senior Manager 27 10 Security services (police, army, private security) 46 11 Mid-level professional (e.g., teacher, nurse, mid-level government officer) 70 12 Upper-level professional (e.g., banker/finance, doctor, lawyer, engineer, accountant, professor, senior-level government 27 9995 Other 21 9998 Refused 2 9999 Don’t know 5 Q94bother. Occupation of respondent (verbatim) 1200 Q94c. Preferred job sector 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 Working in government or public sector 537 2 Working for a private company, industry, or business 215 3 Working for a non-government organization 65 4 Starting your own business 258 5 None of the above / Something else 106 8 Refused to answer 8 9 Don’t know 11 Q94d. Main barrier to youth employment 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Youth do not face barriers to getting employment 62 1 Lack of adequate training or preparation 329 2 Lack of experience required by employers 268 3 Youth are unwilling to work certain jobs (e.g., in agriculture or difficult jobs) 93 4 Youth lack of entrepreneurial skills or motivation 155 5 There is a mismatch between education qualifications and job requirements 190 6 Some other barrier 31 8 Refused to answer 1 9 Don’t know 71 Q94e. Main barrier to women's employment 1200 0 9 -1 Missing 0 0 Women do not face barriers to entering or moving up in the workforce 198 1 It is not socially accepted for women to work outside the home. 72 2 Women lack the necessary education or skills 305 3 Lack of childcare 102 4 Employers prefer to hire men 198 5 Lack of remote or flexible work arrangements 143 6 Some other barrier 52 8 Refused to Answer 1 9 Don’t know 129 Q95. Who decides how money is used 1200 1 9 -1 Missing 0 1 You make the decisions yourself 598 2 Your spouse makes the decisions 73 3 You make the decisions jointly with your spouse 226 4 You make the decisions jointly with other family members 184 5 Other family members make the decisions without you 76 6 None of the above / Some other response 14 7 Not applicable / No earnings 23 8 Refused to answer 0 9 Don’t know 6 Q96. Education of respondent 1200 0 99 -1 Missing 0 0 No formal schooling 64 1 Informal schooling only (including Koranic schooling) 10 2 Some primary schooling 84 3 Primary school completed 143 4 Intermediate school or Some secondary school / high school 274 5 Secondary school / high school completed 372 6 Post-secondary qualifications, other than university e.g. a diploma or degree from a polytechnic or college 95 7 Some university 56 8 University completed 85 9 Post-graduate 12 98 Refused 0 99 Don’t know 5 Q97. Religion of respondent 1200 0 9999 -1 Missing 0 0 None 29 1 Christian only (i.e., respondents says only “Christian”, without identifying a specific sub-group) 309 2 Catholic 230 3 Orthodox 3 4 Coptic 0 5 Anglican 135 6 Lutheran 286 7 Methodist 14 8 Presbyterian 0 9 Baptist 17 10 Quaker / Friends 0 11 Mennonite 2 12 Evangelical 49 13 Pentecostal (e.g., “Born Again” and/or “Saved”) 48 14 Independent (e.g., “African Independent Church”) 20 15 Jehovah’s Witness 6 16 Seventh Day Adventist 26 17 Mormon/Latter Day Saints 0 18 Muslim only (i.e., respondents says only “Muslim”, without identifying a specific sub-group) 0 19 Sunni only (i.e., respondents says only “Sunni” or “Sunni Muslim”, without identifying a specific sub-group) 0 20 Ismaeli 0 21 Mouridiya Brotherhood 0 22 Tijaniya Brotherhood 0 23 Qadiriya Brotherhood 0 24 Shia 0 25 Traditional / ethnic religion 0 26 Hindu 0 27 Bahai 0 28 Agnostic (Do not know if there is a God) 0 29 Atheist (Do not believe in a God) 1 30 Dutch Reformed 3 31 Calvinist 0 32 Church of Christ 5 33 Zionist Christian Church 9 34 Jewish 0 9995 Other 0 9998 Refused 4 9999 Don't know 4 Q97other. Religion of respondent (verbatim) 1200 Q98. Vote for which party 1200 580 9999 -1 Missing 0 580 APP (All People’s Party) 6 581 CDV (Christian Democratic Voice Party) 0 582 COD (Congress of Democrats) 2 583 DPN (Democratic Party of Namibia) 1 584 MAG (Monitor Action Group) 1 585 NDP (National Democratic Party of Namibia) 0 586 NEFF (Namibia Economic Freedom Fighters) 29 587 NUDO (National Unity Democratic Organisation of Namibia) 37 588 RDP (Rally for Democracy and Progress) 7 589 RP (Republican Party of Namibia) 0 590 SWANU (Swanu of Namibia) 5 591 SWAPO (SWAPO Party of Namibia) 600 592 UDF (United Democratic Front of Namibia) 15 593 UPM (United People’s Movement) 3 594 WRP (Workers Revolutionary Party) 0 595 LPM (Landless People’s Movement) 72 596 PDM (Popular Democratic Movement) 51 597 IPC (Independent Patriots for Change) 64 598 NEFC (National Empowerment Fighting Corruption) 0 599 NPF (National Patriotic Front of Namibia) 2 600 BCP (Body of Christ Party) 1 601 AR (Affirmative Repositioning) 7 9995 Other 0 9997 Would not vote 99 9998 Refused to answer 107 9999 Don't know 91 Q98other. Vote for which party (verbatim) 1200 Q99. Perceived survey sponsor 1200 0 99 -1 Missing 0 0 No one 18 1 “Afrobarometer" or national partner 747 2 Research company / organization / program, but not national partner 71 3 Non-government or religious organization 23 4 University / School / College 8 5 Private company 29 6 Media 3 7 Political party or politician 30 8 Government (including any government official, government agency or ministry, or any other part of government named by t 207 9 International organization or another country 3 10 God 1 95 Other 2 98 Refused to answer 0 99 Don’t know 58 Q99other. Perceived survey sponsor (verbatim) 1200 Q100. Willing to participate in follow-up surveys 1200 0 7 -1 Missing 0 0 No 495 1 Yes 625 7 Not applicable [Respondent does not have a mobile phone number] 80 9994 Not asked in country 0 1200 Length of interview 1200 40.0135333333333 169 Interview length calculated excluding break 1200 0 1 0 No 1163 1 Yes 37 Q101. Respondent's gender 1200 1 2 1 Man 597 2 Woman 603 Q102. Language of interview 1200 1 582 1 English 867 580 Afrikaans 85 581 Oshiwambo 203 582 Otjiherero 45 9995 Other [Specify]: 0 Q102other. Language of interview (verbatim) 1200 Q103. Others present 1200 1 5 1 No one 924 2 Spouse only 68 3 Children only 98 4 Another adult/a few others 100 5 Small crowd 10 Q104a. Check with others 1200 0 1 0 No 1153 1 Yes 47 Q104b. Influence by others 1200 0 1 0 No 1170 1 Yes 30 Q104c. Approached by community/party representatives 1200 0 1 0 No 1180 1 Yes 20 Q104d. Feel threatened 1200 0 1 0 No 1195 1 Yes 5 Q104e. Physically threatened 1200 0 1 0 No 1198 1 Yes 2 Q106a. Respondent friendly 1200 1 3 1 Friendly 1108 2 In between 87 3 Hostile 5 Q106b. Respondent interested 1200 1 3 1 Interested 1057 2 In between 126 3 Bored 17 Q106c. Respondent cooperative 1200 1 3 1 Cooperative 1090 2 In between 105 3 Uncooperative 5 Q106d. Respondent patient 1200 1 3 1 Patient 1081 2 In between 103 3 Impatient 16 Q106e. Respondent at ease 1200 1 3 1 At ease 1081 2 In between 113 3 Suspicious 6 Q106f. Respondent honest 1200 1 3 1 Honest 1073 2 In between 124 3 Misleading 3 Q108. Interviewer Number 1200 Q109. Interviewer’s age 1200 24 61 24 50 30 50 32 49 33 99 34 100 35 2 36 50 39 150 40 100 41 99 43 1 44 50 45 50 46 103 48 50 49 97 51 50 61 50 Q110. Interviewer’s gender 1200 1 2 1 Man 398 2 Woman 802 Q111. Interviewer’s race 1200 1 1 1 Black / African 1200 2 White / European 0 3 Coloured / Mixed race 0 4 Arab / Lebanese / North African 0 5 South Asian (Indian, Pakistani, etc.) 0 6 East Asian (Chinese, Korean, Indonesian, etc.) 0 9994 Not asked in country 0 9995 Other 0 9999 Don’t know 0 Q111Other. Interviewer’s race (verbatim) 1200 Q112. Interviewer's home language 1200 1 590 1 English 50 3 Portuguese 0 580 Afrikaans 0 581 German 0 582 Nama/Damara 246 583 Oshiwambo (Oshindonga/Oshikwanyama) 549 584 Otjiherero 105 585 Rukwangali 100 586 Rugririku/Rumanyo 0 587 Thimbukushu 0 588 Silozi 100 589 Setswana 0 590 Masubia 50 9995 Other 0 Q112Other. Interviewer's home language (verbatim) 1200 Q113. Interviewer's ethnic group or tribe 1200 580 590 580 Wambo 549 581 Herero 105 582 Caprivian 100 583 Kavango (Rukwangali/Rumanyo/Hambukushu) 100 584 German 0 585 Afrikaaner 0 586 English 0 587 Portuguese 0 588 Nama 97 589 Damara 199 590 Lozi 50 591 Subia 0 592 Coloured 0 593 Tswana 0 594 Baster 0 9990 Namibian only, or “doesn’t think of self in those terms” 0 9994 Not asked in country 0 9995 Other 0 Q113Other. Interviewer's ethnic group or tribe (verbatim) 1200 Q114. Interviewer's education 1200 4 8 3 Primary school completed 0 4 Some secondary school / high school 50 5 Secondary school / high school completed 549 6 Post-secondary qualifications, other than university e.g. a diploma or degree from a polytechnic or college 100 7 Some university 400 8 University completed 101 9 Post graduate 0 Q115. Other spoken languages_first 1200 1 582 1 English 1150 3 Portuguese 0 580 Afrikaans 0 581 German 0 582 Nama/Damara 50 583 Oshiwambo (Oshindonga/Oshikwanyama) 0 584 Otjiherero 0 585 Rukwangali 0 586 Rugririku/Rumanyo 0 587 Thimbukushu 0 588 Silozi 0 589 Setswana 0 590 Masubia 0 9995 Other 0 Q115. Other spoken languages_second 1200 580 9996 1 English 0 3 Portuguese 0 580 Afrikaans 600 581 German 0 582 Nama/Damara 0 583 Oshiwambo (Oshindonga/Oshikwanyama) 300 584 Otjiherero 0 585 Rukwangali 0 586 Rugririku/Rumanyo 0 587 Thimbukushu 0 588 Silozi 100 589 Setswana 0 590 Masubia 0 9995 Other 0 9996 No further response 200 Q115. Other spoken languages_third 1200 582 9996 1 English 0 3 Portuguese 0 580 Afrikaans 0 581 German 0 582 Nama/Damara 246 583 Oshiwambo (Oshindonga/Oshikwanyama) 249 584 Otjiherero 104 585 Rukwangali 50 586 Rugririku/Rumanyo 0 587 Thimbukushu 0 588 Silozi 0 589 Setswana 2 590 Masubia 100 9995 Other 0 9996 No further response 449 Q115. Other spoken languages_fourth 1200 583 9996 1 English 0 3 Portuguese 0 580 Afrikaans 0 581 German 0 582 Nama/Damara 0 583 Oshiwambo (Oshindonga/Oshikwanyama) 50 584 Otjiherero 50 585 Rukwangali 199 586 Rugririku/Rumanyo 0 587 Thimbukushu 0 588 Silozi 0 589 Setswana 0 590 Masubia 0 9995 Other 0 9996 No further response 901 Q115. Other spoken languages_fifth 1200 586 9996 1 English 0 3 Portuguese 0 580 Afrikaans 0 581 German 0 582 Nama/Damara 0 583 Oshiwambo (Oshindonga/Oshikwanyama) 0 584 Otjiherero 0 585 Rukwangali 0 586 Rugririku/Rumanyo 50 587 Thimbukushu 0 588 Silozi 0 589 Setswana 0 590 Masubia 0 9995 Other 0 9996 No further response 1150 Q115. Other spoken languages_sixth 1200 9996 9996 1 English 0 3 Portuguese 0 580 Afrikaans 0 581 German 0 582 Nama/Damara 0 583 Oshiwambo (Oshindonga/Oshikwanyama) 0 584 Otjiherero 0 585 Rukwangali 0 586 Rugririku/Rumanyo 0 587 Thimbukushu 0 588 Silozi 0 589 Setswana 0 590 Masubia 0 9995 Other 0 9996 No further response 1200 Q115Other. Other spoken languages (verbatim) 1200 within country weighting factor, weights to EA level ("old AB withinwt") 1200 0.381764413207288 1.30614929182118 within country weighting factor, weights to HH level ("new AB withinwt") 1200 0.105314320884769 3.6017697414036