Population and Housing Census 1981DDI_BWA_1981_PHC_v01_M_v7.6_A_IPUMSIPUMS
Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) International
IPUMSApril 1, 2025IPUMS, 50 Willey Hall, 225 - 19th Avenue South, Minneapolis, MN 55455Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, Development Co-operation DirectorateJADE#:60525;MEHLB(2010)12IPUMSVersion 7.6 October 2025 : NEW FEATURES.
--NO "new features" listed in Revision History
NEW SAMPLES.
--Six new census samples for Honduras (2013), Kenya (2019), Malawi (2018), Mongolia (2010, 2020), and Mozambique (2017) were added to the data series. All census samples extend pre-existing series for those countries.
--91 quarterly labor force surveys from the Philippines (1997 - 2019) were added to IPUMS.
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA.
--No "supplemental data" listed in revision history
NEW VARIABLES.
--New spatially harmonized birthplace and previous-residence variables are available for samples in this data release. More information is available here (https://international.ipums.org/international/geo_mig.shtml).
--Users should note that many older migration and birthplace variables are available by different names. Refer to this table for a crosswalk of old and corresponding new migration variables. For birthplace variables refer to this table (https://international.ipums.org/international/resources/misc_docs/migCrosswalk_names.pdf).
EDITED SAMPLES.
--For the Zambia 2000 sample, an error in the household breaks was corrected, resulting in the creation of 1,988 new households (1% increase) that were previously combined with other households. The person records included in the sample did not change. Due to an inconsistency in the original file, no household-level information other than geographic location is available for these newly identified households, necessitating the addition of "unknown" values for this sample to the following variables: BEDROOMS, ELECTRIC, FLOOR, FUELCOOK, FUELHEAT, OWNERSHIP, PHONE, RADIO, REFRIG, ROOMS, SEWAGE, TRASH, WATSRC, TV, TOILET, GQ, ROOF, WATSUP, BIKE, MOTORCYCLE, KITCHEN, GQTYPE, AUTOS, and WALL.
EDITED VARIABLES.
--For the 1998 and 2008 Malawi samples, the family interrelationship pointer variables MOMLOC and POPLOC were modified to allow a "Spouse/partner" of the household head to be linked as a parent to an "Other relative", because the enumeration instructions specify that adopted and stepchildren were categorized as "Other relative". These samples are now consistent with the links made in the newly released 2018 Malawi sample, which had the same enumeration instructions for adopted and stepchildren.
--In the samples for Côte d'Ivoire 1988 and 1998, Rwanda 1991 and 2002, Togo 1960 and 2010, and South Africa 2001, for the harmonized variable POLYGAM, persons in consensual unions were previously coded as "No, in monogamous union". Because there was no response option in these samples for polygamous consensual unions, it is more appropriate to treat these cases as not-in-universe, so they have been recoded to "NIU (not in universe)".
--MARST has been edited for Honduras 1974 to reclassify the source variable responses "married, wife lives separately" and "consensual union, companion lives separately" as separations. The documentation suggests that "separately" actually indicates a relationship separation and not an absent spouse or companion. Other minor edits were implemented for MARST for Mozambique 1997 and 2007.
--In the Mozambique 1997 sample, an error was corrected that recoded persons with a relationship of "Unknown" in the source data to "Other relative or non-relative" (6000) in the harmonized variable RELATE. These persons are now coded as "Not Stated/Unknown" (9999).
--In the Malawi 1987, 1998, and 2008 samples, for variable WATSUP, a programming error was corrected such that any households who reported having piped water in either the wet or the dry season are classified as having access to piped water. This programming was also applied to the newly released 2018 sample.
--The NATIVITY variable has been edited in the Chile 2017 sample to correct a programming error that mistakenly classified as foreign-born about 20 thousand person records that were actually native-born.
--The MIGRATE5 variable has been edited in the Chile 2017 sample, given a programming error that classified most migrants as having changed their major geographic unit. The MIGRATE5 variable for the Chile 1982 and 1992 samples has been edited to use spatially harmonized geographic units to calculate migration status.
--In the 1989, 1999, and 2009 Kenya samples, households who indicated that their lighting type or fuel was "Solar" were recoded from "No" to "Yes" in ELECTRIC, based on secondary sources documenting the spread of home solar energy systems in Kenya beginning in the mid-1980s. In the 1989 and 1999 Kenya samples, programming was removed that previously recoded households that reported using electricity as their main cooking fuel to "Yes" in the access to electricity variable ELECTRIC, making it more consistent across samples. Other minor edits were implemented for ELECTRIC in Botswana 2011, Ethiopia 1984 and 1994, Mongolia 1989, Mozambique 2007.
--Some samples in DISCARE classified responses indicating "some" difficulty into "yes". These cases were revised to consistently include in "yes" only responses indicating "a lot of difficulty" or "cannot do at all".
--Some codes were improperly labeled for municipalities in Honduras 1961 and 1974, which affect variables on place of residence, birthplace, and previous residence.
Population and Housing Census 1981 - IPUMS SubsetPHC bw1981a (IPUMS Harmonized Subset)BWA_1981_PHC_v01_M_v7.6_A_IPUMSMinistry of Finance and Development Planning, Central Statistics OfficeIPUMS(c) Copyright 1981, Ministry of Finance and Development Planning, Central Statistics Office and Minnesota Population CenterMinistry of Finance and Development Planning, Central Statistics OfficePopulation and Housing Census [hh/popcen]IPUMS InternationalDOI:10.18128/D020.V7.6Version 7.6. The datasets contain selected variables from the original microdata plus harmonized variables from the IPUMS-International database.Demographic Variables -- PERSONOther Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLDGeography: Global Variables -- HOUSEHOLDFertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSONNativity and Birthplace Variables -- PERSONTechnical Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLDEducation Variables -- PERSONConstructed Family Interrelationship Variables -- PERSONUtilities Variables -- HOUSEHOLDDwelling Characteristics Variables -- HOUSEHOLDGeography: A-E Variables -- HOUSEHOLDMigration: Global Variables -- PERSONGroup Quarters Variables -- HOUSEHOLDConstructed Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLDWork Variables -- PERSONMigration: A-E Variables -- PERSONHousehold Economic Variables -- HOUSEHOLDTechnical Person Variables -- PERSONTechnical Person Variables -- PERSONDemographic Variables -- PERSONNativity and Birthplace Variables -- PERSONMigration: Global Variables -- PERSONOther Person Variables -- PERSONEducation Variables -- PERSONWork Variables -- PERSONWork: Occupation Variables -- PERSONWork: Industry Variables -- PERSONFertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSONAugust 12, 198112-26 August, 1981BotswanaDistrictPersons, households, and dwellings
UNITS IDENTIFIED:
- Dwellings: yes
- Vacant Units: No
- Households: yes
- Individuals: yes
- Group quarters: yes
UNIT DESCRIPTIONS:
- Dwellings: Undetermined
- Households: Those who live in a lolwapa or its equivalent if they eat from the same pot regardless of kinship.
- Group quarters: Persons living in institutions including patients in hopsitals, persons staying in hotels, prisoners, BDF personnel in barracks and miners in hostels.Everyone living in Botswana regardless of age, citizenship, or resident status. Population and Housing Census [hh/popcen]Additional notes on a sample that is part of this study: Botswana 1981
MICRODATA SOURCE: Ministry of Finance and Development Planning, Central Statistics Office
SAMPLE SIZE (person records): 97238.
SAMPLE DESIGN: Systematic 1 in 2.5 sample of households from a 25% random sample of households, resulting in a 10% sample.
Face-to-face [f2f]Household Questionnaire and Institutional Questionnairede facto, CENSUS DAY: August 12, 1981Self-weighting (expansion factor = 10).IPUMS International distributes integrated microdata of individuals and households only by agreement of collaborating national statistical offices and under the strictest of confidence. Before data may be distributed to an individual researcher, an electronic license agreement must be signed and approved.
To gain access to the data, a researcher must agree to the following:
(1) Implement security measures to prevent unauthorized access to census microdata. Under IPUMS International agreements with collaborating agencies, redistribution of the data to third parties is prohibited.
(2) Use the microdata for the exclusive purposes of scholarly research and education. Researchers must explicitly agree to not use microdata acquired for any commercial or income-generating venture.
(3) Maintain the confidentiality of persons, households, and other entities. Any attempt to ascertain the identity of persons or households from the microdata is prohibited. Alleging that a person or household has been identified is also prohibited.
(4) Report all publications based on these data to IPUMS International, which will in turn pass the information on to the relevant national statistical agencies.
Once a project is approved, a password is issued and data may be acquired through the Internet. Penalties for violating the license include: revocation of the license, recall of all microdata acquired, filing of a motion of censure to the appropriate professional organizations, and civil prosecution under the relevant national or international statutes.
These safeguards mirror the principles from the Joint ECE/Eurostat Work Session on Statistical Data Confidentiality. Employees of the Minnesota Population Center who work with the census microdata to produce the harmonized database also sign agreements to respect the confidentiality of the data.
IPUMS International works with each country's statistical office to minimize the risk of disclosure of respondent information. The details of the confidentiality protections vary across countries, but in all cases, names and detailed geographic information are suppressed and top-codes are imposed on variables such as income that might identify specific persons. In addition, IPUMS International uses a variety of technical procedures to enhance confidentiality protection. These include the following:
(1) Swapping an undisclosed fraction of records from one administrative district to another to make positive identification of individuals impossible.
(2) Randomizing the placement of households within districts to disguise the order in which individuals were enumerated or the data processed.
(3) Aggregating codes of sensitive characteristics (e.g., grouping together very small ethnic categories)
(4) Top- and bottom-coding continuous variables to prevent identification of extreme cases.
The safety record for public-use census microdata is apparently perfect. In almost four decades of use, there has not been a single verified breach of statistical confidentiality. The measures implemented by the IPUMS International are designed to extend this record.Ministry of Finance and Development Planning, Central Statistics OfficeSteven Ruggles, Lara Cleveland, Rodrigo Lovaton, Sula Sarkar, Matthew Sobek, Derek Burk, Dan Ehrlich, Quinn Heimann, Jane Lee, and Nate Merrill. Integrated Public Use Microdata Series, International: Version 7.6 [dataset]. Minneapolis, MN: IPUMS, 2025. https://doi.org/10.18128/D020.V7.6
Researchers should also acknowledge the statistical agency that originally produced the data: Botswana, Ministry of Finance and Development Planning, Central Statistics Office. Population and Housing Census 1981
The licensing agreement for use of IPUMS International data requires that users supply IPUMS International with the title and full citation for any publications, research reports, or educational materials making use of the data or documentation.
Copies of such materials are also gratefully received at ipums@umn.edu.
Printed matter should be sent to:
IPUMS International
Minnesota Population Center
University of Minnesota
50 Willey Hall
225 19th Avenue South
Minneapolis, MN 55455
An adapted version of the dataset, harmonized for international comparability, is available from IPUMS International (https://international.ipums.org/international/) under the following conditions:
IPUMS International distributes integrated microdata of individuals and households only by agreement of collaborating national statistical offices and under the strictest of confidence. Before data may be distributed to an individual researcher, an electronic license agreement must be signed and approved. To gain access to the data, a researcher must agree to the following:
(1) Implement security measures to prevent unauthorized access to census microdata. Under IPUMS International agreements with collaborating agencies, redistribution of the data to third parties is prohibited.
(2) Use the microdata for the exclusive purposes of scholarly research and education. Researchers must explicitly agree to not use microdata acquired for any commercial or income-generating venture.
(3) Maintain the confidentiality of persons, households, and other entities. Any attempt to ascertain the identity of persons or households from the microdata is prohibited. Alleging that a person or household has been identified is also prohibited.
(4) Report all publications based on these data to IPUMS International, which will in turn pass the information on to the relevant national statistical agencies.
Once a project is approved, a password is issued and data may be acquired through the Internet. Penalties for violating the license include: revocation of the license, recall of all microdata acquired, filing of a motion of censure to the appropriate professional organizations, and civil prosecution under the relevant national or international statutes.
These safeguards mirror the principles from the Joint ECE/Eurostat Work Session on Statistical Data Confidentiality. Employees of the Minnesota Population Center who work with the census microdata to produce the harmonized database also sign agreements to respect the confidentiality of the data.
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.User-provided description: DOI:10.18128/D020.V7.6 Extract for bw1981a, 2025BWA1981_PHC-H-H.datHousehold records18,307asciiMinnesota Population CenterVersion 7.5, IPUMS sampleBWA1981_PHC-P-H.datPerson records97238asciiMinnesota Population CenterVersion 7.5, IPUMS sampleRecord typeRECTYPE identifies the type of record for the case: household or person.
NOTE: RECTYPE is an alphabetic (character string) variable with a value of 'H' for household records and 'P' for person records. RECTYPE will not appear as a variable in the default rectangular extracts produced by the data extract system. It is only available in hierarchical extracts, to distinguish between the two record types.HHouseholdPPersonTechnical Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLDCountryCOUNTRY gives the country from which the sample was drawn. The codes assigned to each country are those used by the UN Statistics Division and the ISO (International Organization for Standardization).032Argentina051Armenia040Austria050Bangladesh112Belarus204Benin068Bolivia072Botswana076Brazil854Burkina Faso116Cambodia120Cameroon124Canada152Chile156China170Colombia188Costa Rica192Cuba208Denmark214Dominican Republic218Ecuador818Egypt222El Salvador231Ethiopia242Fiji246Finland250France276Germany288Ghana300Greece320Guatemala324Guinea332Haiti340Honduras348Hungary352Iceland356India360Indonesia364Iran368Iraq372Ireland376Israel380Italy384Côte d'Ivoire388Jamaica400Jordan404Kenya417Kyrgyz Republic418Laos426Lesotho430Liberia454Malawi458Malaysia466Mali480Mauritius484Mexico496Mongolia504Morocco508Mozambique104Myanmar524Nepal528Netherlands558Nicaragua566Nigeria578Norway586Pakistan275Palestine591Panama598Papua New Guinea600Paraguay604Peru608Philippines616Poland620Portugal630Puerto Rico642Romania643Russia646Rwanda662Saint Lucia686Senegal694Sierra Leone703Slovak Republic705Slovenia710South Africa728South Sudan724Spain729Sudan740Suriname752Sweden756Switzerland834Tanzania764Thailand768Togo780Trinidad and Tobago792Turkey800Uganda804Ukraine826United Kingdom840United States858Uruguay862Venezuela704Vietnam894Zambia716ZimbabweTechnical Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLDYearYEAR gives the year in which the census or survey was taken. For samples that span years, the midpoint or first year of the interval is reported.170317031729172917871787180118011819181918451845184818481850185018511851185218521860186018611861186518651868186818701870187118711875187518801880188118811885188518901890189118911900190019011901191019101911191119601960196119611962196219631963196419641966196619681968196919691970197019711971197219721973197319741974197519751976197619771977197819781979197919801980198119811982198219831983198419841985198519861986198719871989198919901990199119911992199219931993199419941995199519961996199719971998199819991999200020002001200120022002200320032004200420052005200620062007200720082008200920092010201020112011201220122013201320142014201520152016201620172017201820182019201920202020Technical Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLDIPUMS sample identifierSAMPLE identifies the IPUMS sample from which the case is drawn. Each sample receives a unique 9-digit code. The code is structured as follows:
The first 3 digits are the ISO/UN codes used in COUNTRY
The next 4 digits are the year of the census/survey
The final 2 digits identify the sample within the year. For the last two digits, censuses or large census-like surveys have a value "0" (e.g, 01) in the second-to-last digit, household surveys have a value of "2" (e.g., 21), and employment surveys have a value of "4" (e.g., 41).
032197001Argentina 1970032198001Argentina 1980032199101Argentina 1991032200101Argentina 2001032201001Argentina 2010051200101Armenia 2001051201101Armenia 2011040197101Austria 1971040198101Austria 1981040199101Austria 1991040200101Austria 2001040201101Austria 2011050199101Bangladesh 1991050200101Bangladesh 2001050201101Bangladesh 2011112199901Belarus 1999112200901Belarus 2009204197901Benin 1979204199201Benin 1992204200201Benin 2002204201301Benin 2013068197601Bolivia 1976068199201Bolivia 1992068200101Bolivia 2001068201201Bolivia 2012072198101Botswana 1981072199101Botswana 1991072200101Botswana 2001072201101Botswana 2011076196001Brazil 1960076197001Brazil 1970076198001Brazil 1980076199101Brazil 1991076200001Brazil 2000076201001Brazil 2010854198501Burkina Faso 1985854199601Burkina Faso 1996854200601Burkina Faso 2006116199801Cambodia 1998116200401Cambodia 2004116200801Cambodia 2008116201301Cambodia 2013116201901Cambodia 2019120197601Cameroon 1976120198701Cameroon 1987120200501Cameroon 2005124185201Canada 1852124187101Canada 1871124188101Canada 1881124189101Canada 1891124190101Canada 1901124191101Canada 1911124197101Canada 1971124198101Canada 1981124199101Canada 1991124200101Canada 2001124201101Canada 2011152196001Chile 1960152197001Chile 1970152198201Chile 1982152199201Chile 1992152200201Chile 2002152201701Chile 2017156198201China 1982156199001China 1990156200001China 2000170196401Colombia 1964170197301Colombia 1973170198501Colombia 1985170199301Colombia 1993170200501Colombia 2005188196301Costa Rica 1963188197301Costa Rica 1973188198401Costa Rica 1984188200001Costa Rica 2000188201101Costa Rica 2011192200201Cuba 2002192201201Cuba 2012208178701Denmark 1787208180101Denmark 1801208184501Denmark 1845208188001Denmark 1880208188501Denmark 1885214196001Dominican Republic 1960214197001Dominican Republic 1970214198101Dominican Republic 1981214200201Dominican Republic 2002214201001Dominican Republic 2010218196201Ecuador 1962218197401Ecuador 1974218198201Ecuador 1982218199001Ecuador 1990218200101Ecuador 2001218201001Ecuador 2010818184801Egypt 1848818186801Egypt 1868818198601Egypt 1986818199601Egypt 1996818200601Egypt 2006222199201El Salvador 1992222200701El Salvador 2007231198401Ethiopia 1984231199401Ethiopia 1994231200701Ethiopia 2007242196601Fiji 1966242197601Fiji 1976242198601Fiji 1986242199601Fiji 1996242200701Fiji 2007242201401Fiji 2014246201001Finland 2010250196201France 1962250196801France 1968250197501France 1975250198201France 1982250199001France 1990250199901France 1999250200601France 2006250201101France 2011276181901Germany 1819 (Mecklenburg)276197001Germany 1970 (West)276197101Germany 1971 (East)276198101Germany 1981 (East)276198701Germany 1987 (West)288198401Ghana 1984288200001Ghana 2000288201001Ghana 2010300197101Greece 1971300198101Greece 1981300199101Greece 1991300200101Greece 2001300201101Greece 2011320196401Guatemala 1964320197301Guatemala 1973320198101Guatemala 1981320199401Guatemala 1994320200201Guatemala 2002324198301Guinea 1983324199601Guinea 1996324201401Guinea 2014332197101Haiti 1971332198201Haiti 1982332200301Haiti 2003340196101Honduras 1961340197401Honduras 1974340198801Honduras 1988340200101Honduras 2001340201301Honduras 2013348197001Hungary 1970348198001Hungary 1980348199001Hungary 1990348200101Hungary 2001348201101Hungary 2011352170301Iceland 1703352172901Iceland 1729352180101Iceland 1801352190101Iceland 1901352191001Iceland 1910356198341India 1983356198741India 1987356199341India 1993356199941India 1999356200441India 2004356200941India 2009360197101Indonesia 1971360197601Indonesia 1976360198001Indonesia 1980360198501Indonesia 1985360199001Indonesia 1990360199501Indonesia 1995360200001Indonesia 2000360200501Indonesia 2005360201001Indonesia 2010364200601Iran 2006364201101Iran 2011368199701Iraq 1997372190101Ireland 1901372191101Ireland 1911372197101Ireland 1971372197901Ireland 1979372198101Ireland 1981372198601Ireland 1986372199101Ireland 1991372199601Ireland 1996372200201Ireland 2002372200601Ireland 2006372201101Ireland 2011372201601Ireland 2016376197201Israel 1972376198301Israel 1983376199501Israel 1995376200801Israel 2008380200101Italy 2001380201101Italy 2011380201121Italy 2011 Q1 LFS380201221Italy 2012 Q1 LFS380201321Italy 2013 Q1 LFS380201421Italy 2014 Q1 LFS380201521Italy 2015 Q1 LFS380201621Italy 2016 Q1 LFS380201721Italy 2017 Q1 LFS380201821Italy 2018 Q1 LFS380201921Italy 2019 Q1 LFS380202021Italy 2020 Q1 LFS384198801Côte d'Ivoire 1988384199801Côte d'Ivoire 1998388198201Jamaica 1982388199101Jamaica 1991388200101Jamaica 2001400200401Jordan 2004404196901Kenya 1969404197901Kenya 1979404198901Kenya 1989404199901Kenya 1999404200901Kenya 2009404201901Kenya 2019417199901Kyrgyz Republic 1999417200901Kyrgyz Republic 2009418199501Laos 1995418200501Laos 2005418201501Laos 2015426199601Lesotho 1996426200601Lesotho 2006430197401Liberia 1974430200801Liberia 2008454198701Malawi 1987454199801Malawi 1998454200801Malawi 2008454201801Malawi 2018458197001Malaysia 1970458198001Malaysia 1980458199101Malaysia 1991458200001Malaysia 2000466198701Mali 1987466199801Mali 1998466200901Mali 2009480199001Mauritius 1990480200001Mauritius 2000480201101Mauritius 2011484196001Mexico 1960484197001Mexico 1970484199001Mexico 1990484199501Mexico 1995484200001Mexico 2000484200501Mexico 2005484201001Mexico 2010484201501Mexico 2015484202001Mexico 2020484200521Mexico 2005 Q1 LFS484200522Mexico 2005 Q2 LFS484200523Mexico 2005 Q3 LFS484200524Mexico 2005 Q4 LFS484200621Mexico 2006 Q1 LFS484200622Mexico 2006 Q2 LFS484200623Mexico 2006 Q3 LFS484200624Mexico 2006 Q4 LFS484200721Mexico 2007 Q1 LFS484200722Mexico 2007 Q2 LFS484200723Mexico 2007 Q3 LFS484200724Mexico 2007 Q4 LFS484200821Mexico 2008 Q1 LFS484200822Mexico 2008 Q2 LFS484200823Mexico 2008 Q3 LFS484200824Mexico 2008 Q4 LFS484200921Mexico 2009 Q1 LFS484200922Mexico 2009 Q2 LFS484200923Mexico 2009 Q3 LFS484200924Mexico 2009 Q4 LFS484201021Mexico 2010 Q1 LFS484201022Mexico 2010 Q2 LFS484201023Mexico 2010 Q3 LFS484201024Mexico 2010 Q4 LFS484201121Mexico 2011 Q1 LFS484201122Mexico 2011 Q2 LFS484201123Mexico 2011 Q3 LFS484201124Mexico 2011 Q4 LFS484201221Mexico 2012 Q1 LFS484201222Mexico 2012 Q2 LFS484201223Mexico 2012 Q3 LFS484201224Mexico 2012 Q4 LFS484201321Mexico 2013 Q1 LFS484201322Mexico 2013 Q2 LFS484201323Mexico 2013 Q3 LFS484201324Mexico 2013 Q4 LFS484201421Mexico 2014 Q1 LFS484201422Mexico 2014 Q2 LFS484201423Mexico 2014 Q3 LFS484201424Mexico 2014 Q4 LFS484201521Mexico 2015 Q1 LFS484201522Mexico 2015 Q2 LFS484201523Mexico 2015 Q3 LFS484201524Mexico 2015 Q4 LFS484201621Mexico 2016 Q1 LFS484201622Mexico 2016 Q2 LFS484201623Mexico 2016 Q3 LFS484201624Mexico 2016 Q4 LFS484201721Mexico 2017 Q1 LFS484201722Mexico 2017 Q2 LFS484201723Mexico 2017 Q3 LFS484201724Mexico 2017 Q4 LFS484201821Mexico 2018 Q1 LFS484201822Mexico 2018 Q2 LFS484201823Mexico 2018 Q3 LFS484201824Mexico 2018 Q4 LFS484201921Mexico 2019 Q1 LFS484201922Mexico 2019 Q2 LFS484201923Mexico 2019 Q3 LFS484201924Mexico 2019 Q4 LFS484202021Mexico 2020 Q1 LFS484202023Mexico 2020 Q3 LFS496198901Mongolia 1989496200001Mongolia 2000496201001Mongolia 2010496202001Mongolia 2020504198201Morocco 1982504199401Morocco 1994504200401Morocco 2004504201401Morocco 2014508199701Mozambique 1997508200701Mozambique 2007508201701Mozambique 2017104201401Myanmar 2014524200101Nepal 2001524201101Nepal 2011528196001Netherlands 1960528197101Netherlands 1971528200101Netherlands 2001528201101Netherlands 2011558197101Nicaragua 1971558199501Nicaragua 1995558200501Nicaragua 2005566200621Nigeria 2006566200721Nigeria 2007566200821Nigeria 2008566200921Nigeria 2009566201021Nigeria 2010578180101Norway 1801578186501Norway 1865578187501Norway 1875578190001Norway 1900578191001Norway 1910586197301Pakistan 1973586198101Pakistan 1981586199801Pakistan 1998275199701Palestine 1997275200701Palestine 2007275201701Palestine 2017591196001Panama 1960591197001Panama 1970591198001Panama 1980591199001Panama 1990591200001Panama 2000591201001Panama 2010598198001Papua New Guinea 1980598199001Papua New Guinea 1990598200001Papua New Guinea 2000600196201Paraguay 1962600197201Paraguay 1972600198201Paraguay 1982600199201Paraguay 1992600200201Paraguay 2002604199301Peru 1993604200701Peru 2007604201701Peru 2017608199721Philippines 1997 Q1 LFS608199722Philippines 1997 Q2 LFS608199723Philippines 1997 Q3 LFS608199724Philippines 1997 Q4 LFS608199821Philippines 1998 Q1 LFS608199822Philippines 1998 Q2 LFS608199823Philippines 1998 Q3 LFS608199824Philippines 1998 Q4 LFS608199921Philippines 1999 Q1 LFS608199922Philippines 1999 Q2 LFS608199923Philippines 1999 Q3 LFS608199924Philippines 1999 Q4 LFS608200021Philippines 2000 Q1 LFS608200022Philippines 2000 Q2 LFS608200023Philippines 2000 Q3 LFS608200024Philippines 2000 Q4 LFS608200121Philippines 2001 Q1 LFS608200122Philippines 2001 Q2 LFS608200123Philippines 2001 Q3 LFS608200124Philippines 2001 Q4 LFS608200221Philippines 2002 Q1 LFS608200222Philippines 2002 Q2 LFS608200223Philippines 2002 Q3 LFS608200224Philippines 2002 Q4 LFS608200321Philippines 2003 Q1 LFS608200322Philippines 2003 Q2 LFS608200323Philippines 2003 Q3 LFS608200324Philippines 2003 Q4 LFS608200421Philippines 2004 Q1 LFS608200422Philippines 2004 Q2 LFS608200423Philippines 2004 Q3 LFS608200424Philippines 2004 Q4 LFS608200521Philippines 2005 Q1 LFS608200522Philippines 2005 Q2 LFS608200523Philippines 2005 Q3 LFS608200524Philippines 2005 Q4 LFS608200621Philippines 2006 Q1 LFS608200622Philippines 2006 Q2 LFS608200623Philippines 2006 Q3 LFS608200624Philippines 2006 Q4 LFS608200721Philippines 2007 Q1 LFS608200722Philippines 2007 Q2 LFS608200723Philippines 2007 Q3 LFS608200724Philippines 2007 Q4 LFS608200821Philippines 2008 Q1 LFS608200822Philippines 2008 Q2 LFS608200823Philippines 2008 Q3 LFS608200824Philippines 2008 Q4 LFS608200921Philippines 2009 Q1 LFS608200922Philippines 2009 Q2 LFS608200923Philippines 2009 Q3 LFS608200924Philippines 2009 Q4 LFS608201021Philippines 2010 Q1 LFS608201022Philippines 2010 Q2 LFS608201023Philippines 2010 Q3 LFS608201024Philippines 2010 Q4 LFS608201121Philippines 2011 Q1 LFS608201122Philippines 2011 Q2 LFS608201123Philippines 2011 Q3 LFS608201124Philippines 2011 Q4 LFS608201221Philippines 2012 Q1 LFS608201222Philippines 2012 Q2 LFS608201223Philippines 2012 Q3 LFS608201224Philippines 2012 Q4 LFS608201321Philippines 2013 Q1 LFS608201322Philippines 2013 Q2 LFS608201323Philippines 2013 Q3 LFS608201324Philippines 2013 Q4 LFS608201421Philippines 2014 Q1 LFS608201422Philippines 2014 Q2 LFS608201423Philippines 2014 Q3 LFS608201424Philippines 2014 Q4 LFS608201521Philippines 2015 Q1 LFS608201522Philippines 2015 Q2 LFS608201523Philippines 2015 Q3 LFS608201524Philippines 2015 Q4 LFS608201621Philippines 2016 Q1 LFS608201622Philippines 2016 Q2 LFS608201623Philippines 2016 Q3 LFS608201624Philippines 2016 Q4 LFS608201721Philippines 2017 Q1 LFS608201722Philippines 2017 Q2 LFS608201723Philippines 2017 Q3 LFS608201724Philippines 2017 Q4 LFS608201821Philippines 2018 Q1 LFS608201822Philippines 2018 Q2 LFS608201823Philippines 2018 Q3 LFS608201824Philippines 2018 Q4 LFS608201921Philippines 2019 Q1 LFS608201922Philippines 2019 Q2 LFS608201923Philippines 2019 Q3 LFS608199001Philippines 1990608199501Philippines 1995608200001Philippines 2000608201001Philippines 2010616197801Poland 1978616198801Poland 1988616200201Poland 2002616201101Poland 2011620198101Portugal 1981620199101Portugal 1991620200101Portugal 2001620201101Portugal 2011630197001Puerto Rico 1970630198001Puerto Rico 1980630199001Puerto Rico 1990630200001Puerto Rico 2000630200501Puerto Rico 2005630201001Puerto Rico 2010630201501Puerto Rico 2015630202001Puerto Rico 2020642197701Romania 1977642199201Romania 1992642200201Romania 2002642201101Romania 2011643200201Russia 2002643201001Russia 2010646199101Rwanda 1991646200201Rwanda 2002646201201Rwanda 2012662198001Saint Lucia 1980662199101Saint Lucia 1991686198801Senegal 1988686200201Senegal 2002686201301Senegal 2013694200401Sierra Leone 2004694201501Sierra Leone 2015703199101Slovak Republic 1991703200101Slovak Republic 2001703201101Slovak Republic 2011705200201Slovenia 2002710199601South Africa 1996710200101South Africa 2001710200701South Africa 2007710201101South Africa 2011710201601South Africa 2016728200801South Sudan 2008724198101Spain 1981724199101Spain 1991724200101Spain 2001724201101Spain 2011724200521Spain 2005 Q1 LFS724200522Spain 2005 Q2 LFS724200523Spain 2005 Q3 LFS724200524Spain 2005 Q4 LFS724200621Spain 2006 Q1 LFS724200622Spain 2006 Q2 LFS724200623Spain 2006 Q3 LFS724200624Spain 2006 Q4 LFS724200721Spain 2007 Q1 LFS724200722Spain 2007 Q2 LFS724200723Spain 2007 Q3 LFS724200724Spain 2007 Q4 LFS724200821Spain 2008 Q1 LFS724200822Spain 2008 Q2 LFS724200823Spain 2008 Q3 LFS724200824Spain 2008 Q4 LFS724200921Spain 2009 Q1 LFS724200922Spain 2009 Q2 LFS724200923Spain 2009 Q3 LFS724200924Spain 2009 Q4 LFS724201021Spain 2010 Q1 LFS724201022Spain 2010 Q2 LFS724201023Spain 2010 Q3 LFS724201024Spain 2010 Q4 LFS724201121Spain 2011 Q1 LFS724201122Spain 2011 Q2 LFS724201123Spain 2011 Q3 LFS724201124Spain 2011 Q4 LFS724201221Spain 2012 Q1 LFS724201222Spain 2012 Q2 LFS724201223Spain 2012 Q3 LFS724201224Spain 2012 Q4 LFS724201321Spain 2013 Q1 LFS724201322Spain 2013 Q2 LFS724201323Spain 2013 Q3 LFS724201324Spain 2013 Q4 LFS724201421Spain 2014 Q1 LFS724201422Spain 2014 Q2 LFS724201423Spain 2014 Q3 LFS724201424Spain 2014 Q4 LFS724201521Spain 2015 Q1 LFS724201522Spain 2015 Q2 LFS724201523Spain 2015 Q3 LFS724201524Spain 2015 Q4 LFS724201621Spain 2016 Q1 LFS724201622Spain 2016 Q2 LFS724201623Spain 2016 Q3 LFS724201624Spain 2016 Q4 LFS724201721Spain 2017 Q1 LFS724201722Spain 2017 Q2 LFS724201723Spain 2017 Q3 LFS724201724Spain 2017 Q4 LFS724201821Spain 2018 Q1 LFS724201822Spain 2018 Q2 LFS724201823Spain 2018 Q3 LFS724201824Spain 2018 Q4 LFS724201921Spain 2019 Q1 LFS724201922Spain 2019 Q2 LFS724201923Spain 2019 Q3 LFS724201924Spain 2019 Q4 LFS724202021Spain 2020 Q1 LFS724202022Spain 2020 Q2 LFS724202023Spain 2020 Q3 LFS724202024Spain 2020 Q4 LFS729200801Sudan 2008740200401Suriname 2004740201201Suriname 2012752188001Sweden 1880752189001Sweden 1890752190001Sweden 1900752191001Sweden 1910756197001Switzerland 1970756198001Switzerland 1980756199001Switzerland 1990756200001Switzerland 2000756201101Switzerland 2011834198801Tanzania 1988834200201Tanzania 2002834201201Tanzania 2012764197001Thailand 1970764198001Thailand 1980764199001Thailand 1990764200001Thailand 2000768196001Togo 1960768197001Togo 1970768201001Togo 2010780197001Trinidad and Tobago 1970780198001Trinidad and Tobago 1980780199001Trinidad and Tobago 1990780200001Trinidad and Tobago 2000780201101Trinidad and Tobago 2011792198501Turkey 1985792199001Turkey 1990792200001Turkey 2000800199101Uganda 1991800200201Uganda 2002800201401Uganda 2014804200101Ukraine 2001826185101United Kingdom 1851 (England and Wales)826185102United Kingdom 1851 (Scotland)826185103United Kingdom 1851 (2% sample)826186101United Kingdom 1861 (England and Wales)826186102United Kingdom 1861 (Scotland)826187101United Kingdom 1871 (Scotland)826188101United Kingdom 1881 (England and Wales)826188102United Kingdom 1881 (Scotland)826189101United Kingdom 1891 (England and Wales)826189102United Kingdom 1891 (Scotland)826190101United Kingdom 1901 (England and Wales)826190102United Kingdom 1901 (Scotland)826191101United Kingdom 1911 (England and Wales)826196101United Kingdom 1961826197101United Kingdom 1971826199101United Kingdom 1991826200101United Kingdom 2001840185001United States 1850 (100%)840185002United States 1850 (1%)840186001United States 1860 (1%)840187001United States 1870 (1%)840188001United States 1880 (100%)840188002United States 1880 (10%)840190001United States 1900 (5%)840191001United States 1910 (1%)840196001United States 1960840197001United States 1970840198001United States 1980840199001United States 1990840200001United States 2000840200501United States 2005840201001United States 2010840201501United States 2015840202001United States 2020858196301Uruguay 1963858196302Uruguay 1963 (full count)858197501Uruguay 1975858197502Uruguay 1975 (full count)858198501Uruguay 1985858198502Uruguay 1985 (full count)858199601Uruguay 1996858199602Uruguay 1996 (full count)858200621Uruguay 2006858201101Uruguay 2011858201102Uruguay 2011 (full count)862197101Venezuela 1971862198101Venezuela 1981862199001Venezuela 1990862200101Venezuela 2001704198901Vietnam 1989704199901Vietnam 1999704200901Vietnam 2009704201901Vietnam 2019894199001Zambia 1990894200001Zambia 2000894201001Zambia 2010716201201Zimbabwe 2012Technical Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLDHousehold serial numberSERIAL is an identifying number unique to each household in a given sample. All person records are assigned the same serial number as the household record that they follow. (Person records also have their own unique identifiers -- see PERNUM.) The combination of SAMPLE and SERIAL provides a unique identifier for every household in the IPUMS-International database; SAMPLE, SERIAL and PERNUM uniquely identify every person in the database.
SERIAL can be used to identify dwellings in some samples. In these samples, the first 7 digits of SERIAL provide the dwelling number common to all households that were sampled from the same structure. The last three digits give the sequence of the household within the dwelling. The following is a list of samples in which dwellings can be inferred:
Chile 1970, 1992, 2002Colombia 1993, 2005Costa Rica 1984, 2000Cuba 2002Dominican Republic 1981, 2002, 2010Ecuador 1990, 2001Germany 1971Hungary 1980, 1990, 2001Jamaica 1982, 1991, 2001Malaysia 1970, 1991, 2000Mexico 1995, 1990, 2000, 2005Nigeria 2006Panama 2000Peru 1993, 2007Portugal 1981, 1991, 2001Spain 1991Uruguay 2011Venezuela 1990, 2001Vietnam 1989In all other samples, the last 3 digits are always zeroes.
SERIAL was constructed for IPUMS-International, and has no relation to the serial number in the original datasets.
The U.S. 1900 sample and 1880 10% sample have multi-household dwellings that can be identified using the last 3 digits of SERIAL.SERIAL is a 10-digit numeric variable.
The last 3 digits of SERIAL indicate household number within dwelling for selected samples noted in the variable description. In all other samples, the last 3 digits are always zeroes.Technical Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLDNumber of person records in the householdPERSONS indicates how many person records are included in the household (i.e., the number of person records associated with the household record in the sample). These person records will all have the same serial number (SERIAL) as the household record. The information contained in the household record will normally apply to all of these persons.PERSONS is a 4-digit numeric variable.Technical Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLDHousehold weightHHWT indicates the number of households in the population represented by the household in the sample.
For the samples that are truly weighted (see the comparability discussion), HHWT must be used to yield accurate household-level statistics.
NOTE: HHWT has 2 implied decimal places. That is, the last two digits of the eight-digit variable are decimal digits, but there is no actual decimal in the data.HHWT is an 8-digit numeric variable with 2 implied decimal places. See the variable description.Technical Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLDSubsample numberSUBSAMP allocates each case to one of 100 subsample replicates, randomly numbered from 0 to 99. Each subsample is nationally representative and preserves any stratification of the sample from which it is drawn. Users who need a representative subset of a sample can use SUBSAMP to select their cases. For example, to randomly extract 10% of the cases from a sample, select any 10 of the 100 subsamples.001st 1% subsample012nd 1% subsample023rd 1% subsample034th 1% subsample045th 1% subsample056th 1% subsample067th 1% subsample078th 1% subsample089th 1% subsample0910th 1% subsample1011th 1% subsample1112th 1% subsample1213th 1% subsample1314th 1% subsample1415th 1% subsample1516th 1% subsample1617th 1% subsample1718th 1% subsample1819th 1% subsample1920th 1% subsample2021st 1% subsample2122nd 1% subsample2223rd 1% subsample2324th 1% subsample2425th 1% subsample2526th 1% subsample2627th 1% subsample2728th 1% subsample2829th 1% subsample2930th 1% subsample3031st 1% subsample3132nd 1% subsample3233rd 1% subsample3334th 1% subsample3435th 1% subsample3536th 1% subsample3637th 1% subsample3738th 1% subsample3839th 1% subsample3940th 1% subsample4041st 1% subsample4142nd 1% subsample4243rd 1% subsample4344th 1% subsample4445th 1% subsample4546th 1% subsample4647th 1% subsample4748th 1% subsample4849th 1% subsample4950th 1% subsample5051st 1% subsample5152nd 1% subsample5253rd 1% subsample5354th 1% subsample5455th 1% subsample5556th 1% subsample5657th 1% subsample5758th 1% subsample5859th 1% subsample5960th 1% subsample6061st 1% subsample6162nd 1% subsample6263rd 1% subsample6364th 1% subsample6465th 1% subsample6566th 1% subsample6667th 1% subsample6768th 1% subsample6869th 1% subsample6970th 1% subsample7071st 1% subsample7172nd 1% subsample7273rd 1% subsample7374th 1% subsample7475th 1% subsample7576th 1% subsample7677th 1% subsample7778th 1% subsample7879th 1% subsample7980th 1% subsample8081st 1% subsample8182nd 1% subsample8283rd 1% subsample8384th 1% subsample8485th 1% subsample8586th 1% subsample8687th 1% subsample8788th 1% subsample8889th 1% subsample8990th 1% subsample9091st 1% subsample9192nd 1% subsample9293rd 1% subsample9394th 1% subsample9495th 1% subsample9596th 1% subsample9697th 1% subsample9798th 1% subsample9899th 1% subsample99100th 1% subsampleTechnical Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLDStrata identifierThis variable is the strata identifier for the sample. The STRATA variable provides information about the sample design that can be used to improve estimation.STRATA is a 12-digit numeric variable.Technical Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLDGroup quarters (collective dwelling) statusGQ identifies households as vacant dwellings, group quarters, or private households. Group quarters -- collective dwellings -- are generally institutions and other group living arrangements such as rooming houses and boarding schools.
Institutions often retain persons under formal supervision or custody, such as correctional institutions, military barracks, asylums, or nursing homes. Educational and religious group dwellings (e.g., boarding schools, convents, monasteries, etc.) are also included in the institutional classification.
Group quarter designations are often useful for understanding the universe of households that answered questions about household characteristics. Censuses will often exclude group quarters from such questions.00Vacant10Households20Group quarters (collective), n.s.21Institutions22Other group quarters291-person unit created by splitting large household99Unknown/group quarters not identifiedGroup Quarters Variables -- HOUSEHOLDNumber of unrelated personsUNREL indicates the number of persons in the household who are unrelated to the head as defined in the variable RELATE.00112233445566778899+Group Quarters Variables -- HOUSEHOLDContinent and region of countryREGIONW identifies the continent and region of each country.11Eastern Africa12Middle Africa13Northern Africa14Southern Africa15Western Africa21Caribbean22Central America23North America24South America31Central Asia32Eastern Asia33Southern Asia34South-Eastern Asia35Western Asia41Eastern Europe42Northern Europe43Southern Europe44Western Europe51Australia and New Zealand52Melanesia53Micronesia54PolynesiaGeography: Global Variables -- HOUSEHOLD1st subnational geographic level, world [consistent boundaries over time]GEOLEV1 indicates the major administrative unit in which the household was enumerated. The variable incorporates the geographies for every country, to enable cross-national geographic analysis over time. First administrative units in GEOLEV1 have been spatiotemporally harmonized to provide spatially consistent boundaries across samples in each country.GEOLEV1 is a 6-digit numeric variable.
GEOLEV1 codes and labels can be found here.
Codes, labels, frequencies, and information about boundary changes for each country can be found in the country specific harmonized variable e.g. GEO1_BR.Geography: Global Variables -- HOUSEHOLDPopulation density of GEOLEV1 unit, in persons per square kilometerPOPDENSGEO1 indicates the population density in persons per square kilometer of the major administrative unit in which the household was enumerated. The major administrative unit of the household is identified by the GEOLEV1 variable.
The area of units in GEOLEV1 is calculated using Mollweide's equal area projection. For a full set of geography variables refer to IPUMS International Geography variables list. For cross-national geographic analysis on the first and second major administrative level refer to GEOLEV1 and GEOLEV2. More information on IPUMS-International geography can be found here.POPDENSGEO1 is an 8-digit numeric variable listing the population density in persons per square kilometer.
Codes0 = Unknown.Geography: Global Variables -- HOUSEHOLDArea of GEOLEV1 unit in square kilometersAREAMOLLWGEO1 indicates the area in square kilometers of the major administrative unit in which the household was enumerated. The major administrative unit of the household is identified by the GEOLEV1 variable.
The area of units in GEOLEV1 is calculated using Mollweide's equal area projection. For a full set of geography variables refer to IPUMS International Geography variables list. For cross-national geographic analysis on the first and second major administrative level refer to GEOLEV1 and GEOLEV2. More information on IPUMS-International geography can be found here.AREAMOLLWGEO1 is a 10-digit numeric variable listing the area in square kilometers.
Codes0 = Unknown.Geography: Global Variables -- HOUSEHOLDBotswana, District 1981 - 2011 [Level 1; consistent boundaries, GIS]GEO1_BW identifies the household's district within Botswana in all sample years. Districts are the first level administrative units of the country. GEO1_BW is spatially harmonized to account for political boundary changes across census years. Some detail is lost in harmonization; see the comparability discussion. A GIS map (in shapefile format), corresponding to GEO1_BW can be downloaded from the GIS Boundary files page in the IPUMS International web site.
The full set of geography variables for Botswana can be found in the IPUMS International Geography variables list. For cross-national geographic analysis on the first and second major administrative level refer to GEOLEV1, and GEOLEV2. More information on IPUMS-International geography can be found here.072001Gaborone072002Francistown072003Lobatse072004Selebi Phikwe072007Central Tutume, Sowa072010Ngwaketse, Ngwaketse West, Ngwaketse Southern, Southern, Jwaneng072011Borolong072020South East072030Kweneng, Kweneng South, Kweneng North072040Kgatleng072050Central Serowe/Palapye072051Central Mahalapye072052Central Bobonong072053Central Boteti, Orapa072060North East072070Ngamiland East072071Ngamiland West, Delta072072Chobe072080Ghanzi, Central Kgalagadi Game Reserve (CKGR)072090Tshabong (Kgalagadi South)072091Hukunsti (Kgalagadi North)Geography: A-E Variables -- HOUSEHOLDBotswana, District 1981 [Level 1, GIS]GEO1_BW1981 identifies the household's district within Botswana in 1981. Districts are the first level administrative units of the country. A GIS map (in shapefile format), corresponding to GEO1_BW1981 can be downloaded from the GIS Boundary files page in the IPUMS International web site.
The full set of geography variables for Botswana can be found in the IPUMS International Geography variables list. For cross-national geographic analysis on the first and second major administrative level of any country refer to GEOLEV1, and GEOLEV2. More information on IPUMS-International geography can be found here.001Gaborone002Francistown003Lobatse004Selebi Phikwe005Orapa006Jwaneng010Ngwaketse011Barolong020South East030Kweneng040Kgatleng050Central Serowe051Central Mahalapye052Central Bobonong, Central Tuli Block053Central Boteti054Central Tutume060North East070Ngamiland South071Ngamiland North, Okavango Delta072Chobe080Gansti, Central Kgalagadi Game Reserve (CKGR)090Kgalagadi South091Kgalagadi NorthGeography: A-E Variables -- HOUSEHOLDOwnership of dwelling [general version]OWNERSHIP indicates whether a member of the household owned the housing unit. Households that acquired their unit with a mortgage or other lending arrangement were understood to "own" their unit even if they had not yet completed repayment. For those that did not own their housing unit, several options were possible: renting (from various types of owners), subletting, usufruct, and de facto occupation.0NIU (not in universe)1Owned2Not owned9UnknownHousehold Economic Variables -- HOUSEHOLDOwnership of dwelling [detailed version]OWNERSHIP indicates whether a member of the household owned the housing unit. Households that acquired their unit with a mortgage or other lending arrangement were understood to "own" their unit even if they had not yet completed repayment. For those that did not own their housing unit, several options were possible: renting (from various types of owners), subletting, usufruct, and de facto occupation.000NIU (not in universe)100Owned110Owned, already paid120Owned, still paying130Owned, constructed140Owned, inherited190Owned, other191Owned, house192Owned, condominium193Apartment proprietor194Shared ownership200Not owned210Renting, not specified211Renting, government212Renting, local authority213Renting, parastatal214Renting, private215Renting, private company216Renting, individual217Renting, collective218Renting, joint state and individual219Renting, public subsidized220Renting, private subsidized221Renting, co-tenant222Renting, relative of tenant223Renting, cooperative224Renting, with a job or business225Renting, loan-backed habitation226Renting, mixed contract227Furnished dwelling228Sharecropping230Subletting231Rent to own239Renting, other240Occupied de facto/squatting250Free/usufruct (no cash rent)251Free, provided by employer252Free, without work or services253Free, provided by family or friend254Free, private255Free, public256Free, condemned257Free, other260Endowment, Waqf (Egypt historical)290Not owned, other999UnknownHousehold Economic Variables -- HOUSEHOLDElectricityELECTRIC indicates whether the household had access to electricity.0NIU (not in universe)1Yes2No9UnknownUtilities Variables -- HOUSEHOLDWater supplyWATSUP describes the physical means by which the housing unit receives its water. The primary distinction is whether or not the household had piped (running) water.00NIU (not in universe)10Yes, piped water11Piped inside dwelling12Piped, exclusively to this household13Piped, shared with other households14Piped outside the dwelling15Piped outside dwelling, in building16Piped within the building or plot of land17Piped outside the building or lot18Have access to public piped water20No piped water99UnknownUtilities Variables -- HOUSEHOLDCooking fuelFUELCOOK indicates the predominant type of fuel or energy used for cooking.00NIU (not in universe)10None20Electricity30Petroleum gas, unspecified31Gas -- piped/utility32Gas -- tanked or bottled33Propane34Liquefied petroleum gas35Gas -- piped and bottled40Petroleum liquid41Oil, kerosene, and other liquid fuels42Kerosene/paraffin43Kerosene or oil44Kerosene or gasoline45Gasoline46Cocinol47Diesel50Wood, coal, and other solid fuels51Wood and other plant fuels52Non-wood plant materials53Coal or charcoal54Charcoal55Coal56Wood or charcoal60Multiple fuels61Bottled gas and wood62Propane and electricity63Propane, kerosene, and electricity64Propane and kerosene65Kerosene and electrictiy66Other combinations70Other71Alcohol72Biogas73Discarded or waste material74Dung/manure75Other combined organic waste materials76Solar energy77Candle99Unknown/missingUtilities Variables -- HOUSEHOLDToiletTOILET indicates whether the household had access to a toilet and, in most cases, whether it was a flush toilet or other type of installation.00NIU (not in universe)10No toilet11No flush toilet20Have toilet, type not specified21Flush toilet22Non-flush, latrine23Non-flush, other and unspecified99UnknownDwelling Characteristics Variables -- HOUSEHOLDFloor materialFLOOR indicates the dwelling's predominant flooring material.000NIU (not in universe)100None/unfinished (earth)110Sand120Dung200Finished201Cement, tile, or brick202Cement203Concrete204Cement screed205Ceramic tile206Paving stone, cement tile207Stone208Brick209Brick or stone210Brick or cement211Block212Terrazzo213Wood214Palm, bamboo215Parquet216Parquet, tile, vinyl217Parquet, tile, marble218Ceramic, marble, granite219Ceramic, marble, tile, or vinyl220Marble221Mosaic222Tile223Tile, linoleum, ceramic, etc224Tile, cement225Tile, stone226Tile, stone, brick227Tile, stone, vinyl, brick228Tile, vinyl, brick229Tile, vinyl230Vinyl, linoleum, etc231Asphalt sheet, vinyl, etc232Synthetic, plastic233Cane234Carpet, rug235Scrap material236Other finished, n.e.c.999Unknown/missingDwelling Characteristics Variables -- HOUSEHOLDWall or building materialThis variable indicates the primary material used in the construction of the dwelling, particularly the dwelling's exterior walls.000NIU (not in universe)100No walls200Cardboard, scrap, and miscellaneous materials201Waste, scrap, or discarded material202Fabric or discarded material203Zinc, fabric, cardboard, tins, and waste material204Cardboard sheet205Plastic sheeting, cardboard206Makeshift, salvaged, or improvised materials207Reused materials300Wood310Rough wood320Wood, fibercement or plywood330Wood, formica, and other340Wood or bamboo350Wood or straw400Other plant-based materials401Plantain leaves and similar material402Bamboo or cane403Bamboo, sawali, cogon, nipa404Straw or bamboo405Grass, straw or reed406Reed, bamboo, or palm407Cane, palm leaves, logs408Palm leaves or palm planks409Bark, sticks, or cane500Masonry, stone, cement, adobe, metal, glass, and other fabricated materials (sometimes mixed with wood)501Brick, block, stone, or cement502Brick, stone, concrete503Brick, stone, or substitutes (dividing panels made of reinforced concrete)504Brick, stone, or substitutes (dividing panels made of wood)505Brick or tile506Brick or stone507Brick or cement block508Brick with plaster exterior509Brick without plaster exterior510Burnt or stabilized brick511Covered brick512Brick513Unburnt brick514Unburnt brick with cement515Unburnt brick with mud516Concrete517Landcrete, sandcrete518Cement blocks519Cement blocks or brick520Cement blocks or brick, unfinished521Cement and adobe bricks522Cement and stone block523Cement and tiles524Reinforced concrete, pre-cast concrete panels, or steel skeleton framed concrete525Concrete, reinforced concrete, blocks, panels526Fibercement527Adobe528Adobe walls with plaster exterior529Adobe walls without plaster exterior530Adobe with cement exterior531Wood and earth adobe532Wood and cement adobe533Mud or adobe534Pressed dirt535Clay536Coated clay/mud with sticks/cane537Clay or clay-covered sticks538Netted bamboo or cane with mud539Bundle of mud, straw, other materials540Mud with wood/wattle541Pole and mud542Mud with cement543Unfinished lathe and plaster, stucco, etc.544Stone545Hand-laid stone546Quarried stone547Cut stone and concrete548Cemented stone549Stone with clay550Blocks of light material551Prefabricated material552Asbestos553Metal or asbestos sheet554Metal or iron sheet555Metal or fibercement sheeting556Galvanized iron or aluminum557Tin558Glass559Cloth560Covintec panels561Mixed material562Mixed material: part wood; part concrete, brick, or stone563Wood plastered with clay, adobe, other materials; wood pressed panels; rolled mud bricks; etc.564Mixed material: wood or galvanized metal570Mainly permanent materials600Other material601Partition wall, lined with wood or steel602Partition wall, unlined999Unknown/missingDwelling Characteristics Variables -- HOUSEHOLDRoof materialThis variable indicates the dwelling's predominant roofing material.00NIU (not in universe)10Masonry, concrete, clay tile, or tiles of unspecified type11Concrete or cement12Reinforced concrete (slab)13Cement or sheet metal14Tile, unspecified material15Clay tile16Tile or cement17Modern tiles, industrial18Traditional tiles, locally made19Tile or flat stone20Tile, unspecified or mixed materials21Fibercement or plastic22Fibercement or metal sheets23Asphalt or laminate cover24Tile, cement, asphalt25Asphalt tile26Slate or tile27Slate or asbestos28Asbestos29Adobe30Tiles or wood planks31Roofing shingles32Tar paper33Metal34Sheet metal35Zinc or tin36Tin37Sheet metal or other sheet material38Sheet metal, tile, slate40Wood and other plant materials41Wood42Wood, including bamboo43Bamboo44Cogon, nipa, anahaw45Thatch (straw, grass, leaves, palm, etc.)46Cane, wood, straw47Grass or straw48Papyrus49Banana leaves or fiber50Palm or makuti51Straw, bamboo, polythene52Wood with clay53Grass and mud54Rustic mat60Mud or earth61Clay70Cardboard, scrap, and miscellaneous materials71Discarded or scrap material72Cardboard73Plastic, tarpaulin80Other, unspecified90No roof99Unknown/missingDwelling Characteristics Variables -- HOUSEHOLDNumber of deaths in household last yearMORTNUM indicates the number of deaths in the household in the past year.0None11 death22 deaths33 deaths44 deaths55 deaths66 deaths77 or more deaths8Unknown9NIU (not in universe)Other Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLDAny deaths in household last yearANYMORT indicates whether there were any deaths in the household in the past year.1Yes2No8Unknown/missing9NIU (not in universe)Other Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLDHousehold classificationHHTYPE is a constructed variable that describes the composition of households.
HHTYPE is constructed from information in RELATE (relationship to head), from the constructed pointer variables SPLOC, MOMLOC, and POPLOC (location of spouse, mother, and father), and from information on group quarters status, GQ.00Vacant household01One-person household02Married/cohab couple, no children03Married/cohab couple with children04Single-parent family05Polygamous family06Extended family, relatives only07Composite household, family and non-relatives08Non-family household09Unclassified subfamily10Other relative or non-relative household11Group quarters99UnclassifiableConstructed Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLDNumber of families in householdNFAMS is a constructed variable that indicates the number of families within each household. Family membership is defined by FAMUNIT. A "family" is any group of persons related by blood, adoption, or marriage. An unrelated individual within the household is considered a separate family. Thus, a household consisting of a widow and a domestic employee contains two families; a household consisting of a large, multi-generation extended family with no persons unrelated to the head counts as a single family.
NFAMS is constructed from information in RELATE (relationship to head) and from the constructed pointer variables SPLOC, MOMLOC, and POPLOC (location of spouse, mother, and father). See those variable descriptions for more detail.0Vacant household11 family22 families33 families44 families55 families66 families77 families88 families99 or more familiesConstructed Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLDNumber of married couples in householdNCOUPLES is a constructed variable indicating the number of married/in-union couples within a household.
NCOUPLES is constructed using the IPUMS-International pointer variable SPLOC (spouse's location in the household).0No married couples in household11 couple22 couples33 couples44 couples55 couples66 couples77 couples88 couples99 or more couplesConstructed Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLDNumber of mothers in householdNMOTHERS is a constructed variable indicating the number of mothers -- of persons of any age -- within a household.
NMOTHERS is constructed using the IPUMS-International pointer variable MOMLOC (mother's location in the household).0No mothers in household11 mother22 mothers33 mothers44 mothers55 mothers66 mothers77 mothers88 mothers99 or more mothers in householdConstructed Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLDNumber of fathers in householdNFATHERS is a constructed variable indicating the number of fathers -- of persons of any age -- within a household.
NFATHERS is constructed using the IPUMS-International pointer variable POPLOC (father's location in the household).0No fathers in household11 father22 fathers33 fathers44 fathers55 fathers66 fathers77 fathers88 fathers99 or more fathers in householdConstructed Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLDHead's location in householdHEADLOC gives the person number (PERNUM) of the head of household in samples in which persons are organized into households.HEADLOC is a 3-digit numeric variable.Constructed Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLDDwelling numberBotswana 1981: All recordsThis variable indicates the dwelling number.This is a 7-digit numeric variable with 0 implied decimal placesTechnical Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLDNumber of persons in householdBotswana 1981: All recordsThis variable indicates the number of persons in the household.000011022033044055066077088099101011111212131314141515161617171818191920202121222223232424252526262727282829293030313135353737Technical Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLDHousehold serial numberBotswana 1981: All householdsThis variable indicates the household serial number.00112233445566778899Technical Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLDOwn or look after cattle<span class="h1">Section D</span>
<br />[Questions 1 through 15 were asked of private dwelling]</p>
<p><span class="em">2. Does any person in the household own or look after cattle?</span><div class="i1">[] 1 Yes<br />[] 2 No</div><span class="h3">Agricultural questions</span></p>
<p><span class="em">Columns H2, H3 and H4</span><div class="i1">Enter the appropriate answer code in the box in each column if any person in the household owns or looks after<br /> H2 Cattle<br /> H3 Goats/Sheep<br /> H4 Donkeys/Mules/Horses<br /><span class="em">Column H5. </span><br />This refers to arable farming by the household. Enter the appropriate code in the box if any member of the household planted any crops during the past 5 years.</div>Botswana 1981: Private households [discrepancies: type I none; type II trace]This variable indicates if any person in the household owns or looks after cattle.1Yes2No8Unknown9NIU (not in universe)Household Economic Variables -- HOUSEHOLDOwn or look after goats or sheep<span class="h1">Section D</span>
<br />[Questions 1 through 15 were asked of private dwelling]</p>
<p><span class="em">3. Does any person in the household own or look after goats or sheeps?</span><div class="i1">[] 1 Yes<br />[] 2 No</div><span class="h3">Agricultural questions</span></p>
<p><span class="em">Columns H2, H3 and H4</span><div class="i1">Enter the appropriate answer code in the box in each column if any person in the household owns or looks after<br /> H2 Cattle<br /> H3 Goats/Sheep<br /> H4 Donkeys/Mules/Horses<br /><span class="em">Column H5. </span><br />This refers to arable farming by the household. Enter the appropriate code in the box if any member of the household planted any crops during the past 5 years.</div>Botswana 1981: Private households [discrepancies: type I none; type II trace]This variable indicates if any person in the household owns or looks after goats or sheep.1Yes2No8Unknown9NIU (not in universe)Household Economic Variables -- HOUSEHOLDOwn or look after donkey, mules, or horses<span class="h1">Section D</span>
<br />[Questions 1 through 15 were asked of private dwelling]</p>
<p><span class="em">4. Does any person in the household own/look after donkeys, mules or horses?</span><div class="i1">[] 1 Yes<br />[] 2 No</div><span class="h3">Agricultural questions</span></p>
<p><span class="em">Columns H2, H3 and H4</span><div class="i1">Enter the appropriate answer code in the box in each column if any person in the household owns or looks after<br /> H2 Cattle<br /> H3 Goats/Sheep<br /> H4 Donkeys/Mules/Horses<br /><span class="em">Column H5. </span><br />This refers to arable farming by the household. Enter the appropriate code in the box if any member of the household planted any crops during the past 5 years.</div>Botswana 1981: Private households [discrepancies: type I none; type II trace]This variable indicates if any person in the household owns or looks after donkey, mules, or horses.1Yes2No8Unknown9NIU (not in universe)Household Economic Variables -- HOUSEHOLDPlanted any crops during the last 5 years<span class="h1">Section D</span>
<br />[Questions 1 through 15 were asked of private dwelling]</p>
<p><span class="em">5. Were any crops planted by the household during the last 5 years?</span><div class="i1">[] 1 Yes<br />[] 2 No</div><span class="h3">Agricultural questions</span></p>
<p><span class="em">Columns H2, H3 and H4</span><div class="i1">Enter the appropriate answer code in the box in each column if any person in the household owns or looks after<br /> H2 Cattle<br /> H3 Goats/Sheep<br /> H4 Donkeys/Mules/Horses<br /><span class="em">Column H5. </span><br />This refers to arable farming by the household. Enter the appropriate code in the box if any member of the household planted any crops during the past 5 years.</div>Botswana 1981: Private households [discrepancies: type I none; type II trace]This variable indicates if any person in the household planted any crops during the last 5 years.1Yes2No8Unknown9NIU (not in universe)Household Economic Variables -- HOUSEHOLDAcquisition of house or plot<span class="h1">Section D</span>
<br />[Questions 1 through 15 were asked of private dwelling]</p>
<p><span class="em">6. How was this house/plot acquired? </span><div class="i1">[] 01 Tribal authority<br />[] 02 Land board<br />[] 03 Purchase<br />[] 04 Inheritance<br />[] 05 Rent: B.H.C<br />[] 06 Rent: council<br />[] 07 Rent: individual<br />[] 08 Rent: Company<br />[] 09 Self allocation<br />[] 10 Provided by employer<br />[] 99 Don't know</div><span class="h3">Column H6 allocation of house/plot</span><div class="i1">Enquire from the household how the house/plot was acquired . If allocated by<br />01 Tribal authority<br />02 Land Board<br />03 Purchase<br />04 Inheritance<br />05 Rent : BHC<br />06 Council<br />07 Individual<br />08 Company<br />09 Self allocation<br />10 Provided by employer<br />99 Don't know<br /><br />Some of the above codes need further explanations:<br />Inheritance-enter code 04 for plots by inheritance, regardless of means of previous allocation. <br />Rent-for any household renting from Botswana Housing Corporation or Council enter code 05 or 06; for any household renting (making payment to the owner for the right to stay on the land and/ or to occupy a building owned by the owner) enter 07 if the owner is an individual, 08 if the owner is a company/government/ university.<br />Self allocation-for tribal/ state land where no allocation was made by any authority enter code 09; for any household where no one member of the household is employed by the owner [individual, company, government, university] and stays rent-free also enter code 09.<br />Provided by employer-in cases where housing is provided by the employer rent-free enter code 10.</div>Botswana 1981: Private households [discrepancies: type I none; type II trace]This variable indicates how the house or plot was acquired by the household.01Tribal authority02Land board03Purchase04Inheritance05Rent (Botswana Housing Corporation)06Rent (Council)07Rent (Individual)08Rent (Company)09Self allocation10Provided by employer97Respondent did not know98Unknown99NIU (not in universe)Household Economic Variables -- HOUSEHOLDYears living in this house or lolwapa<span class="h1">Section D</span>
<br />[Questions 1 through 15 were asked of private dwelling]</p>
<p><span class="em">7. How long have you and your household lived here (house/<span class="lang">lolwapa</span>)? (00 under 1 years)</span><div class="i1">_________</div>Botswana 1981: Private households [discrepancies: type I none; type II trace]This variable indicates the number of years the household has lived in this house or lolwapa.000Under 1 year 0011 year0022 years0033004400550066007700880099010100111101212013130141401515016160171701818019190202002121022220232302424025250262602727028280292903030031310323203333034340353503636037370383803939040400414104242043430444404545046460474704848049490505005151052520535305454055550565605757058580595906060+998Unknown999NIU (not in universe)Other Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLDType of housing unit<span class="h1">Section D</span>
<br />[Questions 1 through 15 were asked of private dwelling]</p>
<p><span class="em">8. Type of housing units</span><div class="i1">[] 1 Conventional (units in building intended for human habitation)<br />[] 2 Improvised (make-shift units made of waste materials)<br />[] 3 Unconventional (units in permanent buildings not intended for human habitation - stable, mill, garbage, warehouse, etc.)<br />[] 4 Movable (tent, caravan, etc.)<br />[] 5 None (Go to 12)</div><span class="h3">Column [H8] type of living accommodation</span><div class="i1">This question refers to the housing unit in which the household you are enumerating lives. There are different types of housing units. The different types to be identified are listed below. Enter the appropriate one in the box provided for the household you are enumerating.<br />[1] Conventional Housing Units: these units may be in a block of flats , bungalows , chalets, malwapa, huts built of wood and poles, etc. Generally all housing units in building intended for human habitation are regarded as conventional building.<br />[2] Improvised Housing Units: are those housing units made of waste materials like polythene, tin cans or plates, cardboards or packing cases. Such units are largely found in squatters areas near large towns.<br />[3] Housing units in permanent buildings not intended for human habitation-for example stables, mills, garages and warehouses being used as housing units.<br />[4] Movable housing units-tents, caravans.<br />[5] Occasionally there may be some households who have no living accommodation, for them enter code 5. Special arrangements will be made to enumerate hotels, hospitals, boarding schools, prisons, military camps and other institutions.</div>Botswana 1981: Private households [discrepancies: type I none; type II trace]This variable indicates the type of housing unit (dwelling in which a household was enumerated).0None (no apparent physical structure)1Conventional (unit in building intended for human habitation)2Improvised (make-shift units made of waste-material)3Unconventional (units in permanent buildings not intended for human habitation-stable, mill, garage, warehouse, etc.)4Movable (tent, caravan, etc.)8Unknown9NIU (not in universe)Dwelling Characteristics Variables -- HOUSEHOLDMaterial of roof construction<span class="h1">Section D</span>
<br />[Questions 1 through 15 were asked of private dwelling]</p>
<p><span class="em">9. Materials of construction of the roof</span><div class="i1">[] 1 Concrete/brick/tiles/slate<br />[] 2 Asbestos<br />[] 3 Iron/zinc/tin<br />[] 4 Thatch<br />[] 5 Others<br />[] 6 None</div><span class="h3">Housing conditions</span></p>
<p><span class="h3">Columns [H9, H10 and H11] material of construction</span><div class="i1">This question refers to material of construction of the building where you are enumerating. If it is a <span class="lang">lolwapa </span>it is sufficient if you obtain information about the material of construction of the main unit-'main house' of the <span class="lang">lolwapa</span>. You can by observation obtain the right answer to H9, H10 and H1, if in doubt ask . Enter appropriate codes in the boxes provided.</div>Botswana 1981: Private households [discrepancies: type I none; type II trace]This variable indicates the material used for the construction of roof in the housing unit.0None1Concrete, brick, tiles, or slate2Asbestos3Iron, zinc, or tin4Thatch5Others8Unknown9NIU (not in universe)Dwelling Characteristics Variables -- HOUSEHOLDMaterial of walls construction<span class="h1">Section D</span>
<br />[Questions 1 through 15 were asked of private dwelling]</p>
<p><span class="em">10. Materials of construction of the walls</span><div class="i1">[] 1 Stone/bricks/blocks<br />[] 2 Asbestos<br />[] 3 Iron/zinc/tin<br />[] 4 Mud<br />[] 5 Mud and poles<br />[] 6 Pole/reed<br />[] 7 Others<br />[] 8 None</div><span class="h3">Housing conditions</span></p>
<p><span class="h3">Columns [H9, H10 and H11] material of construction</span><div class="i1">This question refers to material of construction of the building where you are enumerating. If it is a <span class="lang">lolwapa </span>it is sufficient if you obtain information about the material of construction of the main unit-'main house' of the <span class="lang">lolwapa</span>. You can by observation obtain the right answer to H9, H10 and H1, if in doubt ask . Enter appropriate codes in the boxes provided.</div>Botswana 1981: Private households [discrepancies: type I none; type II trace]This variable indicates the material used for the construction of walls in the housing unit.0None1Stone, bricks, or blocks2Asbestos3Iron, zinc, or tin4Mud5Mud and poles6Poles or reed7Others8Unknown9NIU (not in universe)Dwelling Characteristics Variables -- HOUSEHOLDMaterial of floor construction<span class="h1">Section D</span>
<br />[Questions 1 through 15 were asked of private dwelling]</p>
<p><span class="em">11. Materials of construction of the floor</span><div class="i1">[] 1 Stone/tiles/cement material<br />[] 2 Wood<br />[] 3 Mud<br />[] 4 Others<br />[] 5 None</div><span class="h3">Housing conditions</span></p>
<p><span class="h3">Columns [H9, H10 and H11] material of construction</span><div class="i1">This question refers to material of construction of the building where you are enumerating. If it is a <span class="lang">lolwapa </span>it is sufficient if you obtain information about the material of construction of the main unit-'main house' of the <span class="lang">lolwapa</span>. You can by observation obtain the right answer to H9, H10 and H1, if in doubt ask . Enter appropriate codes in the boxes provided.</div>Botswana 1981: Private households [discrepancies: type I none; type II trace]This variable indicates the material used for the construction of floor in the housing unit.0None1Stone, tiles, or cement material2Wood3Mud4Others8Unknown9NIU (not in universe)Dwelling Characteristics Variables -- HOUSEHOLDPrincipal source of water supply<span class="h1">Section D</span>
<br />[Questions 1 through 15 were asked of private dwelling]</p>
<p><span class="em">12. Principle source of water supply</span><div class="i1">[] 1 Pipe indoors/standing in yard<br />[] 2 Standpipe in village/town<br />[] 3 Borehole/well with pump<br />[] 5 Flowing river<br />[] 6 Sand river<br />[] 7 Dam/lake/pan<br />[] 8 Other</div><span class="h3">Columns [H12 to H15] facilities in housing units</span><div class="i1">Put the questions to the respondent and enter the appropriate answer codes in the boxes provided.</div>Botswana 1981: Private households [discrepancies: type I none; type II trace]This variable indicates the principal source of water supply in the housing unit.1Pipe indoors or standing in yard2Standpipe in village or town3Borehole or well with pump4Sand river5Dam, lake, or pan6Others8Unknown9NIU (not in universe)Utilities Variables -- HOUSEHOLDPrincipal fuel for cooking<span class="h1">Section D</span>
<br />[Questions 1 through 15 were asked of private dwelling]</p>
<p><span class="em">13. Principal fuel for cooking</span><div class="i1">[] 1 Electricity<br />[] 2 Gas<br />[] 3 Paraffin<br />[] 4 Wood/charcoal<br />[] 5 Coal<br />[] 6 Other</div><span class="h3">Columns [H12 to H15] facilities in housing units</span><div class="i1">Put the questions to the respondent and enter the appropriate answer codes in the boxes provided.</div>Botswana 1981: Private households [discrepancies: type I none; type II trace]This variable indicates the principal fuel for cooking in the housing unit.1Electricity2Gas3Paraffin4Wood or charcoal5Coal6Others8Unknown9NIU (not in universe)Utilities Variables -- HOUSEHOLDPrincipal fuel for lighting<span class="h1">Section D</span>
<br />[Questions 1 through 15 were asked of private dwelling]</p>
<p><span class="em">14. Principal fuel for lighting</span><div class="i1">[] 1 Electricity<br />[] 2 Gas<br />[] 3 Paraffin<br />[] 4 Wood<br />[] 5 Candle<br />[] 6 Other</div><span class="h3">Columns [H12 to H15] facilities in housing units</span><div class="i1">Put the questions to the respondent and enter the appropriate answer codes in the boxes provided.</div>Botswana 1981: Private households [discrepancies: type I none; type II trace]This variable indicates the principal fuel for lighting in the housing unit.1Electricity2Gas3Paraffin4Wood5Candle6Others8Unknown9NIU (not in universe)Utilities Variables -- HOUSEHOLDSanitation facilities<span class="h1">Section D</span>
<br />[Questions 1 through 15 were asked of private dwelling]</p>
<p><span class="em">15. Sanitation facilities</span><div class="i1">[] 1 Communal<br />[] 2 Private flush toilet<br />[] 3 Private pit latrine<br />[] 4 Private pail/bucket<br />[] 5 Other private sanitation facility<br />[] 6 None</div><span class="h3">Columns [H12 to H15] facilities in housing units</span><div class="i1">Put the questions to the respondent and enter the appropriate answer codes in the boxes provided.</div>Botswana 1981: Private households [discrepancies: type I none; type II trace]This variable indicates the sanitation facilities in the housing unit.0None1Communal2Flush toilet (private)3Pit latrine (private)4Pail or bucket (private)5Others (private)8Unknown9NIU (not in universe)Dwelling Characteristics Variables -- HOUSEHOLDNumber of deaths (last year)Botswana 1981: All householdsThis variable indicates the number of deaths in the household (during last year).001122+Other Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLDStrataBotswana 1981: All householdsThis variable is the strata identifier for the sample. Strata is a constructed variable that captures implicit geographic stratification resulting from the sample design. It is created by assigning a unique identifier to groups of between 10 and 19 adjacent households. Additional documentation is available on the Variance Estimation page.This is a 4-digit numeric variable with 0 implied decimal placesGeography: Global Variables -- HOUSEHOLDPerson numberPERNUM numbers all persons within each household consecutively (starting with "1" for the first person record of each household). When combined with SAMPLE and SERIAL, PERNUM uniquely identifies each person in the IPUMS-International database.PERNUM is a 4-digit numeric variable.Technical Person Variables -- PERSONPerson weightPERWT indicates the number of persons in the actual population represented by the person in the sample.
For the samples that are truly weighted (see the comparability discussion), PERWT must be used to yield accurate statistics for the population.
NOTE: PERWT has 2 implied decimal places. That is, the last two digits of the eight-digit variable are decimal digits, but there is no actual decimal in the data.PERWT is an 8-digit numeric variable with 2 implied decimal places. See the variable description.Technical Person Variables -- PERSONMother's location in householdMOMLOC is a constructed variable that indicates whether or not the person's mother lived in the same household and, if so, gives the person number of the mother (see PERNUM). MOMLOC makes it easy for researchers to link the characteristics of children and their (probable) mothers.
The method by which probable child-mother links are identified is described in PARRULE.
The general design of MOMLOC and other constructed variables follows the methods developed for IPUMS-USA "Family Interrelationships," but the details vary significantly. For more details on the construction of MOMLOC, see the Comparability section of PARRULE and this paper on IPUMSI family linking methodology.
Note: MOMLOC identifies social relationships (such as stepmother and adopted mother) as well as biological relationships. The variable STEPMOM is designed to identify some of these social relationships. To restrict MOMLOC to biological mothers, such as for own children fertility estimation, MOMLOC should be reset to zero when STEPMOM is greater than zero.MOMLOC is a 3-digit numeric variable.
Codes0 = No mother of this person present in the household.
1 or higher = The person number of this person's motherConstructed Family Interrelationship Variables -- PERSONFather's location in householdPOPLOC is a constructed variable that indicates whether or not the person's father lived in the same household and, if so, gives the person number of the father (see PERNUM). POPLOC makes it easy for researchers to link the characteristics of children and their (probable) fathers.
The method by which probable child-father links are identified is described in PARRULE.
The general design of POPLOC and other constructed variables follows the methods developed for IPUMS-USA "Family Interrelationships," but the details vary significantly. For more details on the construction of POPLOC, see the Comparability section of PARRULE and this paper on IPUMSI family linking methodology.
Note: POPLOC identifies social relationships (such as stepfather and adopted father) as well as biological relationships. The variable STEPPOP is designed to identify some of these social relationships. To restrict POPLOC to biological mothers, such as for own children fertility estimation, POPLOC should be reset to zero when STEPPOP is greater than zero.POPLOC is a 3-digit numeric variable.
Codes0 = No father of this person present in the household.
1 or higher = The person number of this person's fatherConstructed Family Interrelationship Variables -- PERSONSpouse's location in householdSPLOC is a constructed variable that indicates whether or not the person's spouse lived in the same household and, if so, gives the person number (PERNUM) of the spouse. SPLOC makes it easy for researchers to link the characteristics of (probable) spouses.
The method by which probable spouse-spouse links are identified is described in SPRULE.
The general design of SPLOC and other constructed variables is modeled on the methods developed for IPUMS-USA "Family Interrelationships", but the details vary significantly. For more details on the construction of SPLOC, see the Comparability section of SPRULE and this paper on IPUMSI family linking methodology.SPLOC is a 3-digit numeric variable.
Codes0 = No spouse of this person present in the household.
1 or higher = The person number of this person's spouseConstructed Family Interrelationship Variables -- PERSONRule for linking parentPARRULE describes the criteria by which the IPUMS International variables MOMLOC and POPLOC linked the person to a probable mother and/or father.
IPUMS International establishes child-parent links according to five basic rules, and PARRULE gives the number of the rule that applied to the link in question. A link to any parent automatically generates a second link to that parent's spouse or partner, so only one rule is needed to describe both MOMLOC and POPLOC.
The design of the interrelationship variables is described in this paper on IPUMSI family linking methodology.00No parent of person in household11Link to head or spouse, unambiguous12Link to head or spouse, ambiguous21Child-Grandchild, within empirical child cap22Child-Grandchild, within constructed child cap23Child-Grandchild, exceeds child cap31Specified Other Relatives, within empirical child cap32Specified Other Relatives, within constructed child cap33Specified Other Relatives, exceeds child cap41Other Relatives, within empirical child cap42Other Relatives, within constructed child cap51Non-Relatives, within empirical child cap52Non-Relatives, within constructed child capConstructed Family Interrelationship Variables -- PERSONRule for linking spouseSPRULE explains the criteria by which the IPUMS-International variable SPLOC linked the person to his/her probable spouse.
IPUMS International establishes spouse-spouse links according to five basic rules, and SPRULE gives the number of the rule that applied to the link in question. A sixth rule identifies sample-specific linking procedures only imposed in selected instances.
The design of the interrelationship variables is described in this paper on IPUMSI family linking methodology.00No spouse present01Rule 1: strong relationship pairing, couple adjacent02Rule 2: strong relationship pairing, couple not adjacent03Rule 3: weak relationship pairing, couple adjacent04Rule 4: weak relationship pairing, couple not adjacent05Rule 5: weak consensual union pairings06Rule 6: sample-specific rules (usually child-to-child)Constructed Family Interrelationship Variables -- PERSONProbable stepmotherSTEPMOM indicates whether a person's mother, as identified by MOMLOC, was most probably not the person's biological mother. Non-zero values of STEPMOM explain why it is probable that the person's mother was a step- or adopted mother. A value of 0 indicates no likely stepmother because (1) the mother identified in MOMLOC was probably the biological mother or (2) there is no mother of this person present in the household.
The codes for STEPMOM are as follows:
0 = Biological mother or no mother of this person present in household.
1 = Mother has no children born or surviving.
2 = Child reports mother is deceased.
3 = Explicitly identified relationship (stepchild, adopted child, child of unmarried partner, stepchild/child-in-law).
4 = Mother reports no children in the home.
5 = Age difference between mother and child was less than 12 or greater than 54 years.
6 = Child exceeds known fertility of mother.
In cases where more than one criterion for a likely stepmother is met, STEPMOM will take the value of the criterion with the lowest code. See PARRULE for a description of the linking process.
In cases where a mother is linked to more children than she reports in CHBORN or CHSURV, the determination of which children to flag as probable stepchildren is based first on the strength of the child-mother pairing (see PARRULE), and then on the order of children in the household roster. Since most links to a given mother will be made at the same strength level, order will often be the decisive factor in flagging probable stepmother relationships.
Users should note that there are many stepmothers and adopted mothers in the population that cannot be identified with information available in the censuses. Therefore, STEPMOM will always under-represent their actual number in the population.0Biological mother or no mother present1Mother has no children born or surviving2Child reports mother is deceased3Explicitly identified step relationship4Mother reports no children in the home5Age difference implausible6Child exceeds known fertility of motherConstructed Family Interrelationship Variables -- PERSONProbable stepfatherSTEPPOP indicates whether a person's father, as identified by POPLOC, was most probably not the person's biological father. Non-zero values of STEPPOP explain why it is probable that the person's father was a step- or adopted father. A value of 0 indicates no likely stepfather because (1) the father identified in POPLOC was probably the biological father or (2) there is no father of this person present in the household.
The codes for STEPPOP are as follows:
0 = Biological father or no father of this person present in household.
1 = Child reports father is deceased.
2 = Explicitly identified relationship (stepchild, adopted child, child of unmarried partner; stepchild/child-in-law).
3 = Age difference between father and child was less than 12 or greater than 54 years.
In cases where more than one criterion for a likely stepfather is met, STEPPOP will take the value of the criterion with the lowest code. See PARRULE for a description of the linking process.
Users should note that there are many stepfathers and adopted fathers in the population that cannot be identified with information available in the censuses. Therefore, STEPPOP will always under-represent their actual number in the population.0Biological father or no father present1Child reports father is deceased2Explicitly identified step relationship3Age difference implausible4Spouse of mother5Identified as adopted6Surname difference -- male child or never-married femaleConstructed Family Interrelationship Variables -- PERSONMan with more than one wife linkedPOLYMAL indicates if a man had more than one wife linked to him in the constructed IPUMS variable SPLOC -- Spouse's Location in Household.
The point of POLYMAL is to facilitate using SPLOC in samples that identify polygamy. Some statistical matching procedures expect to find only one matching record for each subject record.0No more than one wife linked via SPLOC1More than one wife linked via SPLOCConstructed Family Interrelationship Variables -- PERSONWoman is second or higher order wifePOLY2ND indicates if a woman was the second or higher order wife linked to a husband in the constructed IPUMS variable SPLOC -- Spouse's Location in Household. The variable does not suggest the actual marital order of wives, only their relative positions in the person order of the household as it was enumerated.
The point of POLY2ND is to facilitate using SPLOC in samples that identify polygamy. Some statistical matching procedures expect to find only one matching record for each subject record.0Person is not the 2nd or higher order wife linked via SPLOC1Person is the 2nd or higher order wife linked via SPLOCConstructed Family Interrelationship Variables -- PERSONFamily unit membershipFAMUNIT is a constructed variable indicating to which family within the household a person belongs.
All persons related to the household head receive a 1 (see RELATE). Each secondary family or secondary individual receives a higher code. For purposes of FAMUNIT, secondary families are individuals or groups of persons linked together by the IPUMS constructed pointer variables SPLOC, MOMLOC, and POPLOC (location of spouse, mother, and father).FAMUNIT is a 4-digit numeric variable.
CodesIf there is only one group of related individuals within the household, all of them will be coded "1;" if there is a second, separate such group listed on the form, all of them will be coded "2," and so on.Constructed Family Interrelationship Variables -- PERSONNumber of own family members in householdFAMSIZE counts the number of the person's own family members living in the household with her/him, including the person her/himself. These include all persons related to the person by blood, adoption, or marriage as indicated by the census forms or inferred from them.
FAMSIZE is calculated from the units identified in the IPUMS constructed variable FAMUNIT (family unit membership). The primary family is defined as all persons related to the head in the RELATE variable. Secondary families are individuals or groups of persons linked together by the IPUMS constructed pointer variables SPLOC, MOMLOC, and POPLOC (location of spouse, mother, and father).00011 family member present00022 family members present00033 family members present000440005500066000770008800099001010001111001212001313001414001515001616001717001818001919002020002121002222002323002424002525002626002727002828002929003030003131003232003333003434003535003636003737003838003939004040004141004242004343004444004545004646004747004848004949005050005151005252005353005454005555005656005757005858005959006060006161006262006363006464006565006666006767006868006969007070007171007272007373007474007575007676007777007878007979008080008181008282008383008484008585008686008787008888008989009090009191009292009393009494009595009696009797009898009999 or more personsConstructed Family Interrelationship Variables -- PERSONNumber of own children in householdNCHILD provides a count of the person's own children living in the household with her or him. These include all children linked to the person via the constructed IPUMS pointer variables MOMLOC or POPLOC -- mother's and father's location in the household.000011022033044055066077088099 or more children in householdConstructed Family Interrelationship Variables -- PERSONNumber of own children under age 5 in householdNCHLT5 provides a count of the person's own children under age five living in the household with her or him. These include all children linked to the person via the constructed IPUMS pointer variables MOMLOC or POPLOC -- mother's and father's location in the household.000011022033044055066077088099 or more own children under age 5 in household98One or more children have unknown ageConstructed Family Interrelationship Variables -- PERSONAge of eldest own child in householdELDCH gives the age of the person's oldest own child living in the household with her or him. These include all children linked to the person via the constructed IPUMS pointer variables MOMLOC or POPLOC -- mother's and father's location in the household.
ELDCH is top-coded at age 50 or older.00001102203304405506607708809910101111121213131414151516161717181819192020212122222323242425252626272728282929303031313232333334343535363637373838393940404141424243434444454546464747484849495050 or older98One or more children have unknown age99No own child in householdConstructed Family Interrelationship Variables -- PERSONAge of youngest own child in householdYNGCH gives the age of the person's youngest own child living in the household with her or him. These include all children linked to the person via the constructed IPUMS pointer variables MOMLOC or POPLOC -- mother's and father's location in the household.
YNGCH is top-coded at age 50 or older.00001102203304405506607708809910101111121213131414151516161717181819192020212122222323242425252626272728282929303031313232333334343535363637373838393940404141424243434444454546464747484849495050 or older98One or more children have unknown age99No own child in householdConstructed Family Interrelationship Variables -- PERSONRelationship to household head [general version]RELATE describes the relationship of the individual to the head of household (sometimes called the householder or reference person).1Head2Spouse/partner3Child4Other relative5Non-relative6Other relative or non-relative9UnknownDemographic Variables -- PERSONRelationship to household head [detailed version]RELATE describes the relationship of the individual to the head of household (sometimes called the householder or reference person).1000Head2000Spouse/partner2100Spouse2200Unmarried partner2210Civil union2300Same-sex spouse/partner3000Child3100Biological child3200Adopted child3300Stepchild3400Child/child-in-law3500Child/child-in-law/grandchild3600Child of unmarried partner4000Other relative4100Grandchild4110Grandchild or great grandchild4120Great grandchild4130Great-great grandchild4200Parent/parent-in-law4210Parent4211Stepparent4220Parent-in-law4300Child-in-law4301Daughter-in-law4302Spouse/partner of child4310Unmarried partner of child4400Sibling/sibling-in-law4410Sibling4420Stepsibling4430Sibling-in-law4431Sibling of spouse/partner4432Spouse/partner of sibling4500Grandparent4510Great grandparent4600Parent/grandparent/ascendant4700Aunt/uncle4800Other specified relative4810Nephew/niece4820Cousin4830Sibling's sibling-in-law4900Other relative, not elsewhere classified4910Other relative with same family name4920Other relative with different family name4930Other relative, not specified (secondary family)5000Non-relative5100Friend/guest/visitor/partner5110Partner/friend5111Friend5112Partner/roommate5113Housemate/roommate5120Visitor5130Ex-spouse5140Godparent5150Godchild5200Employee5210Domestic employee5220Relative of employee, n.s.5221Spouse of servant5222Child of servant5223Other relative of servant5300Roomer/boarder/lodger/foster child5310Boarder5311Boarder or guest5320Lodger5330Foster child5340Tutored/foster child5350Tutored child5400Employee, boarder, or guest5500Other specified non-relative5510Agregado5520Temporary resident, guest5600Group quarters5610Group quarters, non-inmates5620Institutional inmates5900Non-relative, n.e.c.6000Other relative or non-relative9999UnknownDemographic Variables -- PERSONAgeAGE gives age in years as of the person's last birthday prior to or on the day of enumeration.000Less than 1 year0011 year0022 years0033004400550066007700880099010100111101212013130141401515016160171701818019190202002121022220232302424025250262602727028280292903030031310323203333034340353503636037370383803939040400414104242043430444404545046460474704848049490505005151052520535305454055550565605757058580595906060061610626206363064640656506666067670686806969070700717107272073730747407575076760777707878079790808008181082820838308484085850868608787088880898909090091910929209393094940959509696097970989809999100100+999Not reported/missingDemographic Variables -- PERSONAge, grouped into intervalsAGE2 gives computed years of age grouped into intervals.010 to 4025 to 90310 to 140415 to 19050 to 5066 to 100710 to 150811 to 140915 to 171016 to 191118 to 241220 to 241325 to 291430 to 341535 to 391640 to 441745 to 491850 to 541955 to 592060 to 642165 to 692270 to 742375 to 792480 to 842585+98UnknownDemographic Variables -- PERSONSexSEX reports the sex (gender) of the respondent.1Male2Female9UnknownDemographic Variables -- PERSONMarital status [general version]MARST describes the person's current marital status according to law or custom. Individuals who remarried should report the status relevant to their most recent marriage. Census instructions rarely explicitly limit marital status to strictly legal unions.
Note regarding universe: The lowest age at which a person can be anything but "never married" varies among samples.0NIU (not in universe)1Single/never married2Married/in union3Separated/divorced/spouse absent4Widowed9Unknown/missingDemographic Variables -- PERSONMarital status [detailed version]MARST describes the person's current marital status according to law or custom. Individuals who remarried should report the status relevant to their most recent marriage. Census instructions rarely explicitly limit marital status to strictly legal unions.
Note regarding universe: The lowest age at which a person can be anything but "never married" varies among samples.000NIU (not in universe)100Single/never married110Engaged111Never married and never cohabited200Married or consensual union210Married, formally211Married, civil212Married, religious213Married, civil and religious214Married, civil or religious215Married, traditional/customary216Married, monogamous217Married, polygamous219Married, spouse absent (historical samples)220Consensual union300Separated/divorced/spouse absent310Separated or divorced320Separated or annulled330Separated331Separated legally332Separated de facto333Separated from marriage334Separated from consensual union335Separated from consensual union or marriage340Annulled350Divorced400Widowed410Widowed or divorced411Widowed from consensual union or marriage412Widowed from marriage413Widowed from consensual union420Widowed, divorced, or separated999Unknown/missingDemographic Variables -- PERSONChildren ever bornCHBORN reports the number of children ever born to each woman of whom the question was asked. In most samples, women were to report all live births by all fathers, whether or not the child was still living.00No children011 child022 children033044055066077088099101011111212131314141515161617171818191920202121222223232424252526262727282829293030+98Unknown99NIU (not in universe)Fertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSONChildren survivingCHSURV reports the number of children born to a woman who were still living at the time of the census.00No children011 child022 children033044055066077088099101011111212131314141515161617171818191920202121222223232424252526262727282829293030+98Unknown99NIU (not in universe)Fertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSONNumber of births last yearBIRTHSLYR indicates whether any -- and in most cases how many -- children were born to a woman in the past twelve months.0None11 (1 or more)223344+8Unknown9NIU (not in universe)Fertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSONNumber of children deadCHDEAD reports how many of the children ever born to a woman were no longer living at the time of the census. Women were to consider all live births by all fathers; they were to exclude still births.00None01102203304405506607708809910101111121213131414151516161717181819192020+98Unknown/missing99NIU (not in universe)Fertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSONNumber of own children in householdHOMECHILD indicates the number of surviving biological children living in the household with their mother (the respondent) at the time of the census.00001102203304405506607708809910101111121213131414151516161717181819192020+98Unknown99NIU (not in universe)Fertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSONNumber of own children living elsewhereAWAYCHILD indicates the number of surviving biological children not living in the household with their mother (the respondent) at the time of the census.0000110220330440550660770880991010111112121313141415151616171718181919202098Unknown99NIU (not in universe)Fertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSONCitizenshipCITIZEN indicates the person's citizenship status within the country in which they were enumerated.1Citizen, not specified2Citizen by birth3Naturalized citizen4Not a citizen5Without citizenship, stateless8Unknown9NIU (not in universe)Nativity and Birthplace Variables -- PERSONCountry of citizenshipNATION indicates the person's country of citizenship.00000NIU (not in universe)10000Africa11000Eastern Africa11010Burundi11020Comoros11030Djibouti11040Eritrea11050Ethiopia11060Kenya11070Madagascar11080Malawi11090Mauritius11100Mozambique11110Reunion11120Rwanda11130Seychelles11140Somalia11150South Sudan11160Uganda11170Tanzania11180Zambia11190Zimbabwe11999Eastern Africa, other or n.s.12000Middle Africa12010Angola12020Cameroon12030Central African Republic12040Chad12050Congo (Republic of)12060Democratic Republic of Congo12070Equatorial Guinea12080Gabon12090Sao Tome and Principe12999Middle Africa, other or n.s.13000Northern Africa13010Algeria13011Algeria/Tunisia13020Egypt/United Arab Rep.13021Egypt/Sudan13030Libya13040Morocco13050Sudan13060Tunisia13070Western Sahara13999Northern Africa, other or n.s.14000Southern Africa14010Botswana14020Lesotho14030Namibia14040South Africa14050Swaziland14999Southern Africa, other or n.s.15000Western Africa15010Benin15020Burkina Faso15030Cape Verde15040Ivory Coast15050Gambia15060Ghana15070Guinea15080Guinea-Bissau15090Liberia15100Mali15110Mauritania15120Niger15130Nigeria15140St. Helena and Ascension15150Senegal15160Sierra Leone15170Togo15999West Africa, other or n.s.19999Africa, other or n.s.20000Americas21000Caribbean21010Anguilla21020Antigua-Barbuda21030Aruba21040Bahamas21050Barbados21060British Virgin Islands21070Cayman Isles21080Cuba21090Dominica21100Dominican Republic21110Grenada21120Guadeloupe21130Haiti21140Jamaica21150Martinique21160Montserrat21170Netherlands Antilles21180Puerto Rico21190St. Kitts-Nevis21220St. Lucia21240St. Vincent21250Trinidad and Tobago21260Turks and Caicos21270U.S. Virgin Islands21999Caribbean, other or n.s.22000Central America22010Belize/British Honduras22020Costa Rica22030El Salvador22040Guatemala22050Honduras22060Mexico22070Nicaragua22080Panama22081Panama Canal Zone22999Central America, other or n.s.23000South America23010Argentina23020Bolivia23030Brazil23040Chile23050Colombia23060Ecuador23070Falkland Islands23080French Guiana23090Guyana/British Guiana23100Paraguay23110Peru23120Suriname23130Uruguay23140Venezuela23999South America, other or n.s.24000North America24010Bermuda24020Canada24021Canada, First Nations24030Greenland24040United States24999North America, other or n.s.29999Americas, other or n.s.30000Asia31000Eastern Asia31010China31011Hong Kong31012Macau31013Taiwan31020Japan31030Korea31031Korea, DPR (North)31032Korea, RO (South)31040Mongolia31999Eastern Asia, other or n.s.32000South-Central Asia32010Afghanistan32020Bangladesh32030Bhutan32040India32041India/Pakistan32050Iran32060Kazakhstan32070Kyrgyzstan32080Maldives32090Nepal32100Pakistan32110Sri Lanka (Ceylon)32120Tajikistan32130Turkmenistan32140Uzbekistan32990Burma, India, Pakistan, Ceylon32999South-Central Asia, other or n.s.33000South-Eastern Asia33010Brunei33020Cambodia (Kampuchea)33030East Timor33040Indonesia33050Laos33060Malaysia33070Myanmar (Burma)33080Philippines33090Singapore33100Thailand33110Vietnam33991Laos and Cambodia33992Malaysia and Singapore33999South-Eastern Asia, other or n.s.34000Western Asia34010Armenia34020Azerbaijan34030Bahrain34040Cyprus34050Georgia34051Abkhazia34052South Ossetia34060Iraq34070Israel34080Jordan34090Kuwait34100Lebanon34110Palestine34120Oman34130Qatar34140Saudi Arabia34150Syria34151Syria/Lebanon34160Turkey34170United Arab Emirates34180Yemen34991Middle East34999Western Asia, other or n.s.39999Asia, other or n.s.40000Europe41000Eastern Europe41010Belarus41020Bulgaria41021Bulgaria/Greece41030Czech Republic/Czechoslovakia41040Hungary41050Poland41060Moldova41070Romania41080Russia/USSR41090Slovakia41100Ukraine41992Central-Eastern Europe41999Eastern Europe, other or n.s.42000Northern Europe42010Denmark42020Estonia42030Faroe Islands42040Finland42050Iceland42060Ireland42070Latvia42080Lithuania42090Norway42100Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands42110Sweden42120United Kingdom42121Britain42122Scotland42123Wales42990Nordic countries42999Northern Europe, other or n.s.43000Southern Europe43010Albania43020Andorra43030Bosnia and Herzegovina43040Croatia43050Gibraltar43060Greece43070Italy43071Vatican City43080Malta43090Portugal43100San Marino43110Slovenia43120Spain43130Macedonia43140Yugoslavia43141Montenegro43142Serbia43143Kosovo43144Serbia and Montenegro43999Southern Europe, other or n.s.44000Western Europe44010Austria44011Austro-Hungarian44020Belgium44022Belgium/Netherlands/Luxemburg44030France44040Germany44041East Germany44042West Germany44050Liechtenstein44060Luxembourg44070Monaco44080Netherlands44090Switzerland44999Western Europe, other or n.s.49992European Union49993European Union (Original 15)49994Other European Union49999Europe, other or n.s.50000Oceania51000Australia and New Zealand51010Australia51020New Zealand51030Norfolk Islands51999Australia and New Zealand, n.s.52000Melanesia52010Fiji52020New Caledonia52030Papua New Guinea52040Solomon Islands52050Vanuatu (New Hebrides)52999Melanesia, n.s.53000Micronesia53010Kiribati53020Marshall Islands53030Nauru53040Northern Mariana Isls.53050Palau53999Micronesia, other or n.s.54000Polynesia54010Cook Islands54020French Polynesia54030Niue54040Pitcairn Island54050Western Samoa54060Eastern Samoa54070Tokelau54080Tonga54090Tuvalu54100Wallis and Futuna Isls.54999Polynesia, other or n.s.55000U.S. Pacific Possessions55010American Samoa55020Baker Island55030Guam55040Howland Island55050Johnston Atoll55060Kingman Reef55070Midway Islands55080Wake Island55999US Pacific, other or n.s.59999Oceania, other or n.s.90000Other countries n.s.99998No citizenship/nationality99999UnknownNativity and Birthplace Variables -- PERSONSchool attendanceSCHOOL indicates whether or not the person attended school at the time of the census or within some specified period of time prior to the census.0NIU (not in universe)1Yes2No, not specified3No, attended in the past4No, never attended9Unknown/missingEducation Variables -- PERSONEducational attainment, international recode [general version]EDATTAIN records the person's educational attainment in terms of the level of schooling completed (degree or other milestone). The emphasis on level completed is critical: a person attending the final year of secondary education receives the code for having completed lower secondary only -- and in some samples only primary.
EDATTAIN does not necessarily reflect any particular country's definition of the various levels of schooling in terms of terminology or the number of years of schooling. EDATTAIN is an attempt to merge -- into a single, roughly comparable variable -- samples that provide degrees, ones that provide actual years of schooling, and those that have some of both. In addition to EDATTAIN, a country-specific education classification is provided which loses no information and reflects the particular educational system of that country (for example EDUCBR for Brazil, EDUCCL for Chile, and EDUCUS for the United States). As always, users can refer to the original education source variables for each sample, if they wish.
Many samples also give single years of schooling completed, recorded in YRSCHOOL. Some samples provide educational information in a form that could not be incorporated into EDATTAIN.0NIU (not in universe)1Less than primary completed2Primary completed3Secondary completed4University completed9UnknownEducation Variables -- PERSONEducational attainment, international recode [detailed version]EDATTAIN records the person's educational attainment in terms of the level of schooling completed (degree or other milestone). The emphasis on level completed is critical: a person attending the final year of secondary education receives the code for having completed lower secondary only -- and in some samples only primary.
EDATTAIN does not necessarily reflect any particular country's definition of the various levels of schooling in terms of terminology or the number of years of schooling. EDATTAIN is an attempt to merge -- into a single, roughly comparable variable -- samples that provide degrees, ones that provide actual years of schooling, and those that have some of both. In addition to EDATTAIN, a country-specific education classification is provided which loses no information and reflects the particular educational system of that country (for example EDUCBR for Brazil, EDUCCL for Chile, and EDUCUS for the United States). As always, users can refer to the original education source variables for each sample, if they wish.
Many samples also give single years of schooling completed, recorded in YRSCHOOL. Some samples provide educational information in a form that could not be incorporated into EDATTAIN.000NIU (not in universe)100Less than primary completed (n.s.)110No schooling120Some primary completed130Primary (4 yrs) completed211Primary (5 yrs) completed212Primary (6 yrs) completed221Lower secondary general completed222Lower secondary technical completed311Secondary, general track completed312Some college completed320Secondary or post-secondary technical completed321Secondary, technical track completed322Post-secondary technical education400University completed999Unknown/missingEducation Variables -- PERSONYears of schoolingYRSCHOOL indicates the highest grade/level of schooling the person had completed, in years. Only formal schooling is counted. YRSCHOOL accounts for the number of years of study, regardless of the track or kind of study. Information on degree and/or technical track is available in EDATTAIN. Years of schooling for Israel, categorized into intervals, are given in YRSCHOOL2.
Users should pay close attention to the top-codes in each sample, as discussed in the comparability section.00None or pre-school011 year022 years033 years044 years055 years066 years077 years088 years099 years1010 years1111 years1212 years1313 years1414 years1515 years1616 years1717 years1818 years or more90Not specified91Some primary92Some technical after primary93Some secondary94Some tertiary95Adult literacy96Special education98Unknown/missing99NIU (not in universe)Education Variables -- PERSONEducational attainment, BotswanaEDUCBW indicates the person's educational attainment in Botswana in terms of the level of schooling completed.00NIU (not in universe)10None11Preschool, 1 year12Preschool, 2 years13Preschool, 3 years14Preschool, 4 years19Preschool, years unspecified21Primary, less than 1 year22Primary, 1 year23Primary, 2 years24Primary, 3 years25Primary, 4 years26Primary, 5 years27Primary, 6 years28Primary, 7 years29Primary, years unspecified31Non-formal education, less than 1 year32Non-formal education, 1 year33Non-formal education, 2 years34Non-formal education, 3 years35Non-formal education, 4 years36Non-formal education, 5 years39Non-formal education, years unspecified41Secondary, 1 year42Secondary, 2 years43Secondary, 3 years44Secondary, 4 years45Secondary, 5 years46Secondary, 6 years51Technical or vocational, less than 1 year52Technical or vocational, 1 year53Technical or vocational, 2 years54Technical or vocational, 3 years55Technical or vocational, 4+ years56Attended technical or vocational57Completed technical or vocational59Technical or vocational, years unspecified60University undergraduate, less than 1 year61University undergraduate, 1 year62University undergraduate, 2 years63University undergraduate, 3 years64University undergraduate, 4 years65University undergraduate, 5+ years66Attended university undergraduate67Completed university undergraduate69University undergraduate, years unspecified71University graduate, 1 year72University graduate, 2 years73University graduate, 3 years74University graduate, 4 years75University graduate, 5 years76University graduate, 6 years79University graduate, years unspecified99UnknownEducation Variables -- PERSONOccupation, ISCO generalOCCISCO records the person's primary occupation, coded according to the major categories in the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) scheme for 1988. For someone with more than one job, the primary occupation is typically the one in which the person had spent the most time or earned the most money.01Legislators, senior officials and managers02Professionals03Technicians and associate professionals04Clerks05Service workers and shop and market sales06Skilled agricultural and fishery workers07Crafts and related trades workers08Plant and machine operators and assemblers09Elementary occupations10Armed forces11Other occupations, unspecified or n.e.c.97Response suppressed98Unknown99NIU (not in universe)Work Variables -- PERSONOccupation, unrecodedOCC records the person's primary occupation, classified according to the system used by the respective national census office at the time. For someone with more than one job, the primary occupation is usually the one in which the person spent the most time or earned the most money, although this may not have been explicit in the instructions for a specific census.
To ensure confidentiality, very small occupations are recoded to a residual category indicating the persons had an occupation, but the job title is not identified. The number of cases recoded should be too small to affect analyses.OCC is a 4-digit numeric variable.
Some samples use fewer than 4 digits. In those cases, the data are right-justified, and the extra leading digits are padded with zeroes.
Argentina 1970 - see Variable: AR1970A_OCC3 - Occupation [3 digit]
Argentina 1980 - see Variable: AR1980A_OCC - Occupation
Argentina 1991 - see Variable: AR1991A_OCC - Occupation
Argentina 2001 - see Variable: AR2001A_OCC4 - Occupation (4-digits)
Armenia 2011 - see Variable: AM2011A_OCC - Occupation
Austria 1971 - see Variable: AT1971A_OCCSM - Occupation of supporter: sub-major groups
Austria 1981 - see Variable: AT1981A_OCCSM - Occupation of supporter: sub-major groups
Austria 1991 - see Variable: AT1991A_OCCSM - Occupation of supporter: sub-major groups
Austria 2001 - see Variable: AT2001A_OCCSM - Occupation of supporter: sub-major groups
Belarus 1999 - see Variable: BY1999A_OCC2 - Occupation, 2 digits
Belarus 2009 - see Variable: BY2009A_OCC - Occupation
Benin 1979 - see Variable: BJ1979A_OCC - Occupation (2-digits)
Benin 1992 - see Variable: BJ1992A_OCC3 - Occupation (3-digits)
Benin 2002 - see Variable: BJ2002A_OCC - Occupation (3-digits)
Benin 2013 - see Variable: BJ2013A_OCC - Occupation (3-digit)
Bolivia 1976 - see Variable: BO1976A_OCC2 - Occupation, 2 digits
Bolivia 1992 - see Variable: BO1992A_OCC - Occupation
Bolivia 2001 - see Variable: BO2001A_OCC - Occupation, 3 digits
Bolivia 2012 - see Variable: BO2012A_OCC2 - Occupation (3 digit)
Botswana 1981 - see Variable: BW1981A_OCC - Occupation
Botswana 1991 - see Variable: BW1991A_OCC - Occupation (last 30 days)
Botswana 2001 - see Variable: BW2001A_OCC - Occupation in the past 7 days, 3 digit
Botswana 2011 - see Variable: BW2011A_OCC - Occupation, 3-digits
Brazil 1960 - see Variable: BR1960A_USUALOCC - Usual occupation
Brazil 1970 - see Variable: BR1970A_MAINOCC - Principal occupation
Brazil 1980 - see Variable: BR1980A_OCC - Occupation
Brazil 1991 - see Variable: BR1991A_OCC - Occupation
Brazil 2000 - see Variable: BR2000A_OCC - Occupation, 4 digits
Brazil 2010 - see Variable: BR2010A_OCC - Occupation held from July 25 to July 31, 2010
Burkina Faso 1985 - see Variable: BF1985A_OCC - Principal occupation
Burkina Faso 1996 - see Variable: BF1996A_OCC - Principal occupation
Cambodia 1998 - see Variable: KH1998A_OCC - Occupation
Cambodia 2004 - see Variable: KH2004A_OCC3 - Occupation (3-digits)
Cambodia 2008 - see Variable: KH2008A_OCC - Occupation
Cambodia 2013 - see Variable: KH2013A_OCC - Occupation (3-digits)
Cambodia 2019 - see Variable: KH2019A_OCC1 - Occupation, 1-digit
Cameroon 1976 - see Variable: CM1976A_OCC2 - Occupation (2 digits)
Cameroon 2005 - see Variable: CM2005A_OCC - Occupation
Canada 1971 - see Variable: CA1971A_OCC - Occupation
Canada 1981 - see Variable: CA1981A_OCC - Occupation (1981 classification basis)
Canada 1991 - see Variable: CA1991A_OCC80 - Occupation (1980 classification basis)
Canada 2001 - see Variable: CA2001A_NOCS01P - Occupation (2001 national occupational classification for statistics)
Canada 2011 - see Variable: CA2011A_OCC - Occupation
Chile 1960 - see Variable: CL1960A_OCC - Occupation
Chile 1970 - see Variable: CL1970A_OCC3 - Occupation (3-digit)
Chile 1982 - see Variable: CL1982A_OCC3 - Occupation (3-digit)
Chile 1992 - see Variable: CL1992A_OCC3 - Occupation (3-digit)
Chile 2002 - see Variable: CL2002A_OCC - Occupation
China 1982 - see Variable: CN1982A_OCC - Occupation
China 1990 - see Variable: CN1990A_OCC - Occupation
China 2000 - see Variable: CN2000A_OCC - Occupation (2-digit)
Colombia 1964 - see Variable: CO1964A_OCC2 - Occupation (COTA, 4 digits)
Colombia 1973 - see Variable: CO1973A_OCC - Occupation last week
Costa Rica 1973 - see Variable: CR1973A_OCC3 - Occupation, 3 digits
Costa Rica 1984 - see Variable: CR1984A_OCC - Occupation, 3 digits
Costa Rica 2000 - see Variable: CR2000A_OCC3 - Occupation, 3 digits
Costa Rica 2011 - see Variable: CR2011A_OCC - Occupation, 2-digit
Cuba 2002 - see Variable: CU2002A_OCC - Occupation
Cuba 2012 - see Variable: CU2012A_OCC3 - Main occupation (3-digit)
Côte d'Ivoire 1998 - see Variable: CI1998A_OCC2 - Current occupation (2-digit)
Dominican Republic 1960 - see Variable: DO1960A_OCC - Occupation
Dominican Republic 1970 - see Variable: DO1970A_OCC1 - Current occupation, 3 digits
Dominican Republic 1981 - see Variable: DO1981A_OCC - Occupation
Dominican Republic 2002 - see Variable: DO2002A_OCC - Occupation
Dominican Republic 2010 - see Variable: DO2010A_OCC - Occupation
Ecuador 1962 - see Variable: EC1962A_OCC - Occupation
Ecuador 1974 - see Variable: EC1974A_OCC3 - Occupation, three digits
Ecuador 1982 - see Variable: EC1982A_OCC3 - Occupation, 3 digits
Ecuador 1990 - see Variable: EC1990A_OCC3 - Occupation, 3 digits
Ecuador 2001 - see Variable: EC2001A_OCC - Occupation, 3 digits
Ecuador 2010 - see Variable: EC2010A_OCC3 - Occupation (3 digits, ISCO 08)
Egypt 1986 - see Variable: EG1986A_OCC3 - Occupation (3-digit)
Egypt 2006 - see Variable: EG2006A_OCC - Primary occupation, 3-digit
El Salvador 1992 - see Variable: SV1992A_OCC - Occupation (3-digit)
El Salvador 2007 - see Variable: SV2007A_OCC3DIG - Occupation (3-digit)
Ethiopia 1984 - see Variable: ET1984A_OCC2 - Occupation (2-digit)
Ethiopia 1994 - see Variable: ET1994A_OCC - Occupation
Fiji 1976 - see Variable: FJ1976A_OCC - Occupation
Fiji 1986 - see Variable: FJ1986A_OCC - Occupation
Fiji 1996 - see Variable: FJ1996A_OCC3 - Occupation (3 digits)
Fiji 2007 - see Variable: FJ2007A_OCC3 - Occupation, 3 digits
Fiji 2014 - see Variable: FJ2014A_OCC3 - Occupation (3 digits)
Finland 2010 - see Variable: FI2010A_OCC - Occupation
France 1962 - see Variable: FR1962A_SOCCUP - SAPHIR occupation
France 1968 - see Variable: FR1968A_SOCC - SAPHIR occupation
France 1975 - see Variable: FR1975A_SOCC - SAPHIR occupation
France 1982 - see Variable: FR1982A_SOCC - SAPHIR occupation
France 1990 - see Variable: FR1990A_SOCC - Saphir occupation
France 1999 - see Variable: FR1999A_OCC - Occupation, ISCO
France 2006 - see Variable: FR2006A_PROF486 - Detailed profession (4-digit)
France 2011 - see Variable: FR2011A_PROF - Profession, 486 categories
Germany 1970 - see Variable: DE1970A_OCC - Occupation
Germany 1981 - see Variable: DE1981A_OCC - Occupation
Germany 1987 - see Variable: DE1987A_OCC - Occupation
Ghana 1984 - see Variable: GH1984A_OCC2 - Occupation, 2 digits
Ghana 2000 - see Variable: GH2000A_OCC - Occupation
Ghana 2010 - see Variable: GH2010A_OCC - Occupation (major groups)
Greece 1971 - see Variable: GR1971A_OCC - Occupation
Greece 1981 - see Variable: GR1981A_OCC - Occupation
Greece 1991 - see Variable: GR1991A_OCC - Occupation
Greece 2001 - see Variable: GR2001A_OCC - Occupation
Greece 2011 - see Variable: GR2011A_OCC - Occupation
Guatemala 1964 - see Variable: GT1964A_OCC3 - Occupation (3-digits)
Guatemala 1973 - see Variable: GT1973A_OCC3 - Principal occupation (3-digits)
Guatemala 1981 - see Variable: GT1981A_OCC3 - Principal occupation (3-digits)
Guatemala 1994 - see Variable: GT1994A_OCC - Principal occupation (1-digit)
Guatemala 2002 - see Variable: GT2002A_OCC3 - Principal occupation (3-digits)
Guinea 1983 - see Variable: GN1983A_OCC2 - Occupation, 2 digits
Guinea 1996 - see Variable: GN1996A_OCC - Occupation
Guinea 2014 - see Variable: GN2014A_OCC - Occupation (3-digit)
Haiti 1982 - see Variable: HT1982A_OCC - Main occupation or profession
Haiti 2003 - see Variable: HT2003A_OCC2 - Occupation, 3 digits
Honduras 1961 - see Variable: HN1961A_OCC - Occupation (2-digits)
Honduras 1974 - see Variable: HN1974A_OCC2 - Occupation (3-digits)
Honduras 1988 - see Variable: HN1988A_OCC4 - Occupation (4-digits)
Honduras 2001 - see Variable: HN2001A_OCC - Occupation (4-digit)
Honduras 2013 - see Variable: HN2013A_OCC3 - Occupation (3-digit)
Hungary 1970 - see Variable: HU1970A_OCC - Occupation
Hungary 1980 - see Variable: HU1980A_OCC - Occupation, scope of activity
Hungary 1990 - see Variable: HU1990A_OCC - Occupation
Hungary 2001 - see Variable: HU2001A_OCC - Occupation
Hungary 2011 - see Variable: HU2011A_OCC - Occupation
Indonesia 1971 - see Variable: ID1971A_OCC - Occupation
Indonesia 1976 - see Variable: ID1976A_OCC - Primary occupation during past week
Indonesia 1980 - see Variable: ID1980A_OCC - Primary occupation during the previous week (3 digit version)
Indonesia 1985 - see Variable: ID1985A_OCC - Primary occupation
Indonesia 1990 - see Variable: ID1990A_OCC - Main occupation last week
Indonesia 1995 - see Variable: ID1995A_OCC - Occupation
Indonesia 2005 - see Variable: ID2005A_OCC - Occupation
Iran 2006 - see Variable: IR2006A_OCC4 - Occupation
Iran 2011 - see Variable: IR2011A_OCC - Occupation (3-digit)
Iraq 1997 - see Variable: IQ1997A_OCC - Occupation
Ireland 1971 - see Variable: IE1971A_OCC - Occupation
Ireland 1981 - see Variable: IE1981A_OCC - Occupation
Ireland 1986 - see Variable: IE1986A_OCC - Occupation group
Ireland 1991 - see Variable: IE1991A_OCC - Occupation group
Ireland 1996 - see Variable: IE1996A_OCC - Occupation
Ireland 2002 - see Variable: IE2002A_OCC - Occupation
Ireland 2006 - see Variable: IE2006A_OCC - Occupation group
Ireland 2011 - see Variable: IE2011A_OCC - Occupation (shuffled)
Ireland 2016 - see Variable: IE2016A_OCC - Occupation (groups)
Israel 1972 - see Variable: IL1972A_OCC - Occupation
Israel 1983 - see Variable: IL1983A_OCC - Occupation
Israel 1995 - see Variable: IL1995A_OCC - Occupation
Israel 2008 - see Variable: IL2008A_OCC - Occupation
Italy 2001 - see Variable: IT2001A_OCC - Occupation
Italy 2011 - see Variable: IT2011A_WKTYPE - Type of work
Jamaica 1982 - see Variable: JM1982A_OCC - Occupation during past week / in last job
Jamaica 1991 - see Variable: JM1991A_OCC - Occupation during past week/in last job
Jamaica 2001 - see Variable: JM2001A_OCC3 - Occupation 3-digit
Jordan 2004 - see Variable: JO2004A_OCC3 - Major current occupation (3-digit)
Kenya 1989 - see Variable: KE1989A_OCC4 - Occupation, 4 digits
Kenya 2019 - see Variable: KE2019A_OCC3 - Occupation (3-digit)
Kyrgyzstan 1999 - see Variable: KG1999A_OCC - Main activity
Laos 1995 - see Variable: LA1995A_OCC1 - Main occupation in the last 12 months (1-digit)
Lesotho 1996 - see Variable: LS1996A_OCC - Occupation (2-digits)
Lesotho 2006 - see Variable: LS2006A_OCC - Occupation (2-digits)
Liberia 1974 - see Variable: LR1974A_OCC2 - Occupation (2-digit)
Liberia 2008 - see Variable: LR2008A_OCC - Occupation
Malawi 1987 - see Variable: MW1987A_OCC2 - Occupation, 2 digit
Malawi 1998 - see Variable: MW1998A_OCC2 - Occupation, 2-digit
Malawi 2008 - see Variable: MW2008A_OCC2 - Occupation (2 digits)
Malawi 2018 - see Variable: MW2018A_OCC1 - Main occupation (1-digit)
Malaysia 1970 - see Variable: MY1970A_OCC - Occupation last week
Malaysia 1980 - see Variable: MY1980A_OCC3 - Principal occupation last week (3 digits)
Malaysia 1991 - see Variable: MY1991A_OCC3 - Principal occupation (3 digits)
Malaysia 2000 - see Variable: MY2000A_OCC3 - Occupation -- 3 digits
Mali 1987 - see Variable: ML1987A_OCC - Occupation last month
Mali 1998 - see Variable: ML1998A_OCC - Main occupation
Mali 2009 - see Variable: ML2009A_OCC - Principal occupation
Mauritius 1990 - see Variable: MU1990A_OCC3 - Occupation (3-digit)
Mauritius 2000 - see Variable: MU2000A_OCC4 - Occupation (4 digit)
Mauritius 2011 - see Variable: MU2011A_OCC4 - Occupation (4-digit)
Mexico 1960 - see Variable: MX1960A_OCC2 - Principal occupation, 2 digits
Mexico 1970 - see Variable: MX1970A_OCC3 - Occupation 3 digit
Mexico 1990 - see Variable: MX1990A_OCC - Occupation, 4 digits
Mexico 1995 - see Variable: MX1995A_OCC - Occupation
Mexico 2000 - see Variable: MX2000A_OCC4 - Occupation, 4 digits
Mexico 2010 - see Variable: MX2010A_OCC - Occupation or trade
Mexico 2015 - see Variable: MX2015A_OCC - Occupation
Mexico 2020 - see Variable: MX2020A_OCC3 - Occupation (3-digits)
Mongolia 2000 - see Variable: MN2000A_OCC - Occupation
Mongolia 2010 - see Variable: MN2010A_OCC3 - Occupation 3 digits (ISCO-2008)
Mongolia 2020 - see Variable: MN2020A_OCC3 - Occupation (3-digit)
Morocco 1982 - see Variable: MA1982A_OCC3 - Occupation (3-digit)
Morocco 1994 - see Variable: MA1994A_OCC3 - Occupation, 3-digit
Morocco 2004 - see Variable: MA2004A_OCC3 - Occupation (3-digit)
Morocco 2014 - see Variable: MA2014A_OCC2 - Occupation (2-digit)
Mozambique 1997 - see Variable: MZ1997A_OCC2 - Occupation 3-digit
Mozambique 2007 - see Variable: MZ2007A_OCC - Occupation
Mozambique 2017 - see Variable: MZ2017A_OCC3 - Main occupation (3-digits ISCO 2008)
Myanmar 2014 - see Variable: MM2014A_OCC - Occupation
Nepal 2001 - see Variable: NP2001A_OCC - Usual occupation
Nepal 2011 - see Variable: NP2011A_OCC1 - Occupation (1-digit)
Netherlands 1960 - see Variable: NL1960A_OCC - Occupation
Netherlands 1971 - see Variable: NL1971A_OCC - Occupation
Netherlands 2001 - see Variable: NL2001A_OCC - Occupation
Netherlands 2011 - see Variable: NL2011A_OCC - Occupation (1-digit)
Nicaragua 1971 - see Variable: NI1971A_OCC - Occupation
Nicaragua 1995 - see Variable: NI1995A_OCC - Occupation (ISCO 88, 3 digits)
Nicaragua 2005 - see Variable: NI2005A_OCC3 - Occupation (ISCO 88, 3 digits)
Pakistan 1973 - see Variable: PK1973A_OCC3 - Occupation
Palestine 1997 - see Variable: PS1997A_OCC - Main occupation
Palestine 2007 - see Variable: PS2007A_OCC - Main occupation
Palestine 2017 - see Variable: PS2017A_OCC - Occupation
Panama 1960 - see Variable: PA1960A_OCC4 - Occupation (4-digit)
Panama 1970 - see Variable: PA1970A_OCC2 - Occupation, 2-digit
Panama 1980 - see Variable: PA1980A_OCC2 - Occupation (3-digit)
Panama 1990 - see Variable: PA1990A_OCC - Occupation
Panama 2000 - see Variable: PA2000A_OCC - Occupation
Panama 2010 - see Variable: PA2010A_OCC - Occupation, 3 digits
Papua New Guinea 1980 - see Variable: PG1980A_OCC - Occupation, 3 digits
Papua New Guinea 1990 - see Variable: PG1990A_OCC - Occupation
Papua New Guinea 2000 - see Variable: PG2000A_OCC - Occupation (4-digit)
Paraguay 1962 - see Variable: PY1962A_OCC1 - Occupation (1-digit)
Paraguay 1972 - see Variable: PY1972A_OCC3 - Occupation (3 digits)
Paraguay 1982 - see Variable: PY1982A_OCC3 - Occupation, 3-digits
Paraguay 1992 - see Variable: PY1992A_OCC2 - Main occupation, 3 digits
Paraguay 2002 - see Variable: PY2002A_OCC - Occupation (4 digits)
Peru 1993 - see Variable: PE1993A_OCC - Occupation (3 digits)
Peru 2007 - see Variable: PE2007A_OCC - Main occupation last week (3 digits)
Peru 2017 - see Variable: PE2017A_OCC1 - Occupation (1-digit, in primary job last week)
Philippines 1990 - see Variable: PH1990A_OCC - Occupation
Philippines 2000 - see Variable: PH2000A_OCC - Occupation
Philippines 2010 - see Variable: PH2010A_OCC3 - Usual occupation (3-digit)
Poland 1978 - see Variable: PL1978A_OCC - Occupation
Poland 1988 - see Variable: PL1988A_OCC - Main occupation
Poland 2002 - see Variable: PL2002A_OCC - Occupation
Portugal 1981 - see Variable: PT1981A_OCC - Main occupation
Portugal 1991 - see Variable: PT1991A_OCC - Main occupation
Portugal 2001 - see Variable: PT2001A_OCC - Main occupation
Portugal 2011 - see Variable: PT2011A_OCC - Main occupation
Puerto Rico 1970 - see Variable: PR1970A_OCC - Occupation
Puerto Rico 1980 - see Variable: PR1980A_OCC - Occupation
Puerto Rico 1990 - see Variable: PR1990A_OCC - Occupation
Puerto Rico 2000 - see Variable: PR2000A_OCC - Occupation
Puerto Rico 2005 - see Variable: PR2005A_OCC - Occupation
Puerto Rico 2010 - see Variable: PR2010A_OCC - Occupation
Puerto Rico 2015 - see Variable: PR2015A_OCC - Occupation last week
Puerto Rico 2020 - see Variable: PR2020A_OCC2010 - Occupation last week, 2010 basis
Romania 1992 - see Variable: RO1992A_OCC - Occupation
Romania 2002 - see Variable: RO2002A_OCC4 - Occupation, 4 digits
Romania 2011 - see Variable: RO2011A_OCC - Occupation (unrecoded)
Rwanda 2002 - see Variable: RW2002A_OCC - Occupation
Rwanda 2012 - see Variable: RW2012A_OCC2 - Occupation (3-digit)
Saint Lucia 1991 - see Variable: LC1991A_OCC - Occupation
Senegal 1988 - see Variable: SN1988A_OCC - Occupation
Senegal 2002 - see Variable: SN2002A_OCC3 - Occupation, 3 digits
Senegal 2013 - see Variable: SN2013A_OCC3 - Profession or occupation (3-digit)
Sierra Leone 2004 - see Variable: SL2004A_OCC - Occupation
Sierra Leone 2015 - see Variable: SL2015A_OCC - Main occupation in the past 12 months
Slovakia 1991 - see Variable: SK1991A_OCC - Occupation (2-digit)
Slovakia 2001 - see Variable: SK2001A_OCC2 - Occupation (2-digit)
Slovakia 2011 - see Variable: SK2011A_OCC2 - Occupation (2-digit)
Slovenia 2002 - see Variable: SI2002A_OCC - Occupation
South Africa 1996 - see Variable: ZA1996A_OCC3 - Occupation, 3 digits
South Africa 2001 - see Variable: ZA2001A_OCC - Occupation, 3 digit
South Africa 2007 - see Variable: ZA2007A_OCC3 - Occupation, 3 digits
South Sudan 2008 - see Variable: SS2008A_OCC - Occupation
Spain 1981 - see Variable: ES1981A_OCC - Occupation
Spain 1991 - see Variable: ES1991A_OCC - Occupation
Spain 2001 - see Variable: ES2001A_OCC - Occupation
Spain 2011 - see Variable: ES2011A_OCC - Occupation, 2-digits
Sudan 2008 - see Variable: SD2008A_OCC - Occupation
Suriname 2004 - see Variable: SR2004A_OCC - Occupation
Suriname 2012 - see Variable: SR2012A_OCC - Occupation (groups)
Switzerland 1970 - see Variable: CH1970A_ISCO - Present occupation (ISCO)
Switzerland 1980 - see Variable: CH1980A_ISCO - Present occupation (ISCO-COM)
Switzerland 1990 - see Variable: CH1990A_ISCO4 - Present occupation (ISCO-COM)
Switzerland 2000 - see Variable: CH2000A_ISCO4 - Present occupation (ISCO-COM)
Switzerland 2011 - see Variable: CH2011A_OCC - Current occupation (1-digit, ISCO-08)
Tanzania 1988 - see Variable: TZ1988A_OCC - Occupation
Tanzania 2002 - see Variable: TZ2002A_OCC - Occupation last week
Tanzania 2012 - see Variable: TZ2012A_OCC - Occupation
Thailand 1970 - see Variable: TH1970A_OCC - Principal occupation last year
Thailand 1980 - see Variable: TH1980A_OCC - Occupation last year
Thailand 1990 - see Variable: TH1990A_OCC3 - Occupation last year
Thailand 2000 - see Variable: TH2000A_OCC3 - Occupation last year, 3 digits
Togo 1960 - see Variable: TG1960A_OCC - Occupation (3-digits)
Togo 1970 - see Variable: TG1970A_OCC3 - Occupation (3-digits)
Togo 2010 - see Variable: TG2010A_OCC2 - Occupation (3-digits)
Trinidad and Tobago 1980 - see Variable: TT1980A_OCC - Main occupation (2-digit)
Trinidad and Tobago 1990 - see Variable: TT1990A_OCC - Main occupation during previous week (three digits)
Trinidad and Tobago 2000 - see Variable: TT2000A_OCC - Main occupation (3 digits)
Turkey 1985 - see Variable: TR1985A_OCC2 - Occupation (2-digit)
Turkey 1990 - see Variable: TR1990A_OCC2 - Current occupation (2 digits)
Turkey 2000 - see Variable: TR2000A_OCC2 - Current occupation, 2 digit
Uganda 1991 - see Variable: UG1991A_OCC - Occupation, 3 digits
Uganda 2002 - see Variable: UG2002A_OCC - Occupation, 3 digits
Uganda 2014 - see Variable: UG2014A_OCC - Occupation (2-digits)
United Kingdom 1961 - see Variable: UK1961A_OCC - Occupation
United Kingdom 1971 - see Variable: UK1971A_OCC - Occupation
United Kingdom 1991 - see Variable: UK1991A_OCC - Occupational classification
United Kingdom 2001 - see Variable: UK2001A_OCC3 - Standard occupational classification 2000-minor
United States 1960 - see Variable: US1960A_OCC - Occupation
United States 1970 - see Variable: US1970A_OCC - Occupation
United States 1980 - see Variable: US1980A_OCC - Occupation
United States 1990 - see Variable: US1990A_OCC - Occupation
United States 2000 - see Variable: US2000A_OCC - Occupation
United States 2005 - see Variable: US2005A_OCC2000M - Occupation, 2000 basis, modal category assignment
United States 2010 - see Variable: US2010A_OCC - Occupation
United States 2015 - see Variable: US2015A_OCC - Occupation last week
United States 2020 - see Variable: US2020A_OCC - Occupation last week
Uruguay 1963 - see Variable: UY1963A_OCC2 - Primary occupation [2-digit]
Uruguay 1975 - see Variable: UY1975A_OCC - Occupation (COTA, 3 digits)
Uruguay 1985 - see Variable: UY1985A_OCC - Occupation during the past week
Uruguay 1996 - see Variable: UY1996A_OCC - Occupation (ISCO 88, 3 digits)
Uruguay 2006 - see Variable: UY2006A_OCC3 - Occupation (ISCO-88, 3 digits)
Venezuela 1981 - see Variable: VE1981A_OCC3 - Occupation, 3 digits
Venezuela 1990 - see Variable: VE1990A_OCC - Occupation, 3 digits
Venezuela 2001 - see Variable: VE2001A_OCC - Occupation
Vietnam 1989 - see Variable: VN1989A_OCC2 - Occupation, 2 digits
Vietnam 1999 - see Variable: VN1999A_OCC3 - Occupation, 3 digit
Vietnam 2009 - see Variable: VN2009A_OCC - Occupation
Vietnam 2019 - see Variable: VN2019A_OCC1 - Occupation, 1 digit
Zambia 1990 - see Variable: ZM1990A_OCC - Occupation
Zambia 2000 - see Variable: ZM2000A_OCC - Main occupation last 12 months, 3 digits
Zambia 2010 - see Variable: ZM2010A_OCC2 - Main occupation last 12 months, 3 digits
Zimbabwe 2012 - see Variable: ZW2012A_OCC - Occupation (3-digits)
Work Variables -- PERSONIndustry, general recodeINDGEN recodes the industrial classifications of the various samples into twelve groups that can be fairly consistently identified across all available samples. The groupings roughly conform to the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC). The third digit of INDGEN retains important detail among the service industries that could not be consistently distinguished in all samples.
"Industry" refers to the activity or product of the establishment or sector in which a person worked.000NIU (not in universe)010Agriculture, fishing, and forestry020Mining and extraction030Manufacturing040Electricity, gas, water and waste management050Construction060Wholesale and retail trade070Hotels and restaurants080Transportation, storage, and communications090Financial services and insurance100Public administration and defense110Services, not specified111Business services and real estate112Education113Health and social work114Other services120Private household services130Other industry, n.e.c.998Response suppressed999UnknownWork Variables -- PERSONIndustry, unrecoded"Industry" refers to the activity or product of the establishment or sector in which the person worked. IND is classified according to the system used by the respective national census office at the time, and is not recoded by IPUMS-International.IND is a 5-digit numeric variable.
Some samples use fewer than 5 digits. In those cases, the data are right-justified, and the extra leading digits are padded with zeroes.
Argentina 1970 - see Variable: AR1970A_IND4 - Industry [4 digit]
Argentina 1980 - see Variable: AR1980A_IND - Industry
Argentina 1991 - see Variable: AR1991A_IND - Industry
Argentina 2001 - see Variable: AR2001A_IND - Industry
Armenia 2001 - see Variable: AM2001A_IND - Principal activity at place of work
Armenia 2011 - see Variable: AM2011A_IND - Industry
Austria 1971 - see Variable: AT1971A_INDBR - Economic activity of supporter: branch
Austria 1981 - see Variable: AT1981A_INDBR - Economic activity of supporter: branch
Austria 1991 - see Variable: AT1991A_INDBR - Economic activity of supporter: branch
Austria 2001 - see Variable: AT2001A_INDBR - Economic activity of supporter: branch
Austria 2011 - see Variable: AT2011A_IND - Industry
Bangladesh 1991 - see Variable: BD1991A_IND - Industry
Bangladesh 2001 - see Variable: BD2001A_IND - Main work field
Bangladesh 2011 - see Variable: BD2011A_IND - Industry
Belarus 2009 - see Variable: BY2009A_ECONACT - Industry
Benin 1979 - see Variable: BJ1979A_IND - Industry (1-digit)
Benin 1992 - see Variable: BJ1992A_IND3 - Industry (2-digits)
Benin 2002 - see Variable: BJ2002A_IND2 - Industry (2-digits)
Benin 2013 - see Variable: BJ2013A_IND3 - Industry (3-digit)
Bolivia 1976 - see Variable: BO1976A_IND - Industry
Bolivia 1992 - see Variable: BO1992A_IND3 - Activity, 3 digits
Bolivia 2001 - see Variable: BO2001A_IND3 - Industry, 3 digits
Bolivia 2012 - see Variable: BO2012A_IND2 - Industry (2 digit)
Botswana 1981 - see Variable: BW1981A_IND - Industry
Botswana 1991 - see Variable: BW1991A_IND - Industry
Botswana 2001 - see Variable: BW2001A_IND - Industry
Botswana 2011 - see Variable: BW2011A_IND - Industry, 3-digits
Brazil 1960 - see Variable: BR1960A_INDUSTRY - Industry
Brazil 1970 - see Variable: BR1970A_INDUSTRY - Industry
Brazil 1980 - see Variable: BR1980A_INDUSTRY - Industry
Brazil 1991 - see Variable: BR1991A_IND - Industry
Brazil 2000 - see Variable: BR2000A_IND - Industry, 5 digits
Brazil 2010 - see Variable: BR2010A_IND - Industry of work from July 25 to July 31, 2010
Burkina Faso 1996 - see Variable: BF1996A_IND - Branch of activity
Cambodia 1998 - see Variable: KH1998A_IND - Industry
Cambodia 2004 - see Variable: KH2004A_IND3 - Industry (3-digits)
Cambodia 2008 - see Variable: KH2008A_IND - Industry
Cambodia 2013 - see Variable: KH2013A_IND - Industry (3-digits)
Cambodia 2019 - see Variable: KH2019A_IND3 - Industy (ISIC rev 4, 3-digit)
Cameroon 2005 - see Variable: CM2005A_IND - Industry
Canada 1971 - see Variable: CA1971A_IND - Industry
Canada 1981 - see Variable: CA1981A_IND - Industry (1981 standard industrial classification)
Canada 1991 - see Variable: CA1991A_IND80 - Industry (1980 standard industrial classification)
Canada 2001 - see Variable: CA2001A_IND80P - Industry (1980 Standard Industrial Classification)
Canada 2011 - see Variable: CA2011A_IND - Industry
Chile 1960 - see Variable: CL1960A_IND - Industry
Chile 1970 - see Variable: CL1970A_IND4 - Industry (4-digit)
Chile 1982 - see Variable: CL1982A_IND4 - Industry (4-digit)
Chile 1992 - see Variable: CL1992A_IND - Industry
Chile 2002 - see Variable: CL2002A_IND - Industry
Chile 2017 - see Variable: CL2017A_IND - Industry (1-digit)
China 1982 - see Variable: CN1982A_INDUSTRY - Industry
China 1990 - see Variable: CN1990A_IND - Industry
China 2000 - see Variable: CN2000A_IND - Industry (2-digit)
Colombia 1964 - see Variable: CO1964A_IND4 - Industry, 4 digits
Colombia 1973 - see Variable: CO1973A_IND - Industry
Colombia 1993 - see Variable: CO1993A_IND - Industry
Colombia 2005 - see Variable: CO2005A_IND - Industry (2-digit)
Costa Rica 1963 - see Variable: CR1963A_IND3 - Industry, 3 digits
Costa Rica 1973 - see Variable: CR1973A_IND4 - Industry, 4 digits
Costa Rica 1984 - see Variable: CR1984A_IND4 - Industry, 4 digits
Costa Rica 2000 - see Variable: CR2000A_IND3 - Industry, 3 digits
Costa Rica 2011 - see Variable: CR2011A_IND - Industry 2-digit
Cuba 2002 - see Variable: CU2002A_IND - Industry
Cuba 2012 - see Variable: CU2012A_IND - Industry
Côte d'Ivoire 1988 - see Variable: CI1988A_IND - Industry (1-digit)
Côte d'Ivoire 1998 - see Variable: CI1998A_IND2 - Industry sector (detailed)
Dominican Republic 1960 - see Variable: DO1960A_IND - Industry
Dominican Republic 1970 - see Variable: DO1970A_IND1 - Industry, 3 digits
Dominican Republic 1981 - see Variable: DO1981A_IND - Industry (3-digit)
Dominican Republic 2002 - see Variable: DO2002A_IND - Industry
Dominican Republic 2010 - see Variable: DO2010A_IND - Main activity of business
Ecuador 1962 - see Variable: EC1962A_IND3 - Industry, 3 digits
Ecuador 1982 - see Variable: EC1982A_IND3 - Industry
Ecuador 1990 - see Variable: EC1990A_IND3 - Industry, 3 digits
Ecuador 2001 - see Variable: EC2001A_IND - Industry, 3 digits
Ecuador 2010 - see Variable: EC2010A_IND3 - Industry (3 digits, ISIC rev 4)
Egypt 1986 - see Variable: EG1986A_IND3 - Industry (3-digit)
Egypt 1996 - see Variable: EG1996A_IND3 - Industry (ISIC)
Egypt 2006 - see Variable: EG2006A_IND - Industry, 3-digit
El Salvador 1992 - see Variable: SV1992A_IND - Industry (3-digit)
El Salvador 2007 - see Variable: SV2007A_IND3DIG - Industry (3-digit)
Ethiopia 1984 - see Variable: ET1984A_IND2 - Industry
Ethiopia 1994 - see Variable: ET1994A_IND - Industry
Fiji 1966 - see Variable: FJ1966A_IND - Industry
Fiji 1976 - see Variable: FJ1976A_IND - Industry
Fiji 1986 - see Variable: FJ1986A_IND - Industry 3 digits
Fiji 1996 - see Variable: FJ1996A_IND2DIG - Industry (2 digits)
Fiji 2007 - see Variable: FJ2007A_IND2 - Industry, 2 digits
Fiji 2014 - see Variable: FJ2014A_IND - Industry
Finland 2010 - see Variable: FI2010A_IND - Industry
France 1962 - see Variable: FR1962A_IND - Industry
France 1968 - see Variable: FR1968A_IND41 - Industry, 41 categories
France 1975 - see Variable: FR1975A_INDUN - Industry, UNO
France 1982 - see Variable: FR1982A_INDUN - Industry, United Nations nomenclature
France 1990 - see Variable: FR1990A_IND15 - Industry, 15 categories
France 1999 - see Variable: FR1999A_INDCITI - Industry, ISIC
France 2006 - see Variable: FR2006A_IND700N - Economic activity in 700 categories (2003 classification) numeric recode
France 2011 - see Variable: FR2011A_IND - Industry, 732 categories
Germany 1970 - see Variable: DE1970A_IND - Industry
Germany 1971 - see Variable: DE1971A_IND - Industry
Germany 1981 - see Variable: DE1981A_IND - Industry
Germany 1987 - see Variable: DE1987A_IND - Industry
Ghana 2000 - see Variable: GH2000A_IND - Industry
Ghana 2010 - see Variable: GH2010A_IND - Industry (major groups)
Greece 1971 - see Variable: GR1971A_IND - Industry
Greece 1981 - see Variable: GR1981A_IND - Industry
Greece 1991 - see Variable: GR1991A_IND - Industry
Greece 2001 - see Variable: GR2001A_IND - Industry
Greece 2011 - see Variable: GR2011A_IND - Industry
Guatemala 1964 - see Variable: GT1964A_IND3 - Field of economic activity (3-digits)
Guatemala 1973 - see Variable: GT1973A_IND3 - Industry (3-digits)
Guatemala 1981 - see Variable: GT1981A_IND3 - Industry (3-digits)
Guatemala 1994 - see Variable: GT1994A_IND2 - Field of economic activity (2-digits)
Guatemala 2002 - see Variable: GT2002A_IND1 - Field of economic activity (1-digit)
Guinea 1983 - see Variable: GN1983A_IND2 - Branch of economic activity, 2 digits
Guinea 2014 - see Variable: GN2014A_IND - Industry (3-digit)
Haiti 1982 - see Variable: HT1982A_IND - Branch of work
Haiti 2003 - see Variable: HT2003A_IND2 - Industry, 3 digits
Honduras 1961 - see Variable: HN1961A_IND - Industry (2-digits)
Honduras 1974 - see Variable: HN1974A_IND - Industry (3-digits)
Honduras 2001 - see Variable: HN2001A_IND - Industry (4-digit)
Honduras 2013 - see Variable: HN2013A_IND3 - Economic activity (3-digit)
Hungary 2001 - see Variable: HU2001A_IND - Industry, branch of economy
Hungary 2011 - see Variable: HU2011A_IND - Industry
Indonesia 1971 - see Variable: ID1971A_IND - Industry
Indonesia 1976 - see Variable: ID1976A_IND - Industry
Indonesia 1980 - see Variable: ID1980A_IND - Industry
Indonesia 1985 - see Variable: ID1985A_IND - Industry of primary occupation
Indonesia 1990 - see Variable: ID1990A_IND - Industry of main occupation last week
Indonesia 1995 - see Variable: ID1995A_IND - Industry
Indonesia 2000 - see Variable: ID2000A_IND - Industry of primary occupation
Indonesia 2005 - see Variable: ID2005A_IND - Industry
Indonesia 2010 - see Variable: ID2010A_IND - Industry
Iran 2006 - see Variable: IR2006A_IND4 - Industry
Iran 2011 - see Variable: IR2011A_IND - Industry (3-digit)
Iraq 1997 - see Variable: IQ1997A_IND - Industry
Ireland 1971 - see Variable: IE1971A_IND - Industry
Ireland 1981 - see Variable: IE1981A_IND - Industry class
Ireland 1986 - see Variable: IE1986A_IND - Industry class
Ireland 1991 - see Variable: IE1991A_IND - Industry class
Ireland 1996 - see Variable: IE1996A_IND - Industry class
Ireland 2002 - see Variable: IE2002A_IND - Industry class
Ireland 2006 - see Variable: IE2006A_IND - Industry class
Ireland 2011 - see Variable: IE2011A_IND - Industry
Ireland 2016 - see Variable: IE2016A_IND - Industry
Israel 1972 - see Variable: IL1972A_IND - Industry
Israel 1983 - see Variable: IL1983A_IND - Industry
Israel 1995 - see Variable: IL1995A_IND - Industry
Israel 2008 - see Variable: IL2008A_IND - Branch of economy
Italy 2001 - see Variable: IT2001A_IND - Industry
Italy 2011 - see Variable: IT2011A_IND - Sector of economic activity
Jamaica 1982 - see Variable: JM1982A_IND - Industry or type of business during past week / in last job
Jamaica 1991 - see Variable: JM1991A_IND3 - Industry during past week or in last job, 3 digits
Jamaica 2001 - see Variable: JM2001A_IND3 - Industry 3-digit
Jordan 2004 - see Variable: JO2004A_IND - Major current economic activity of the establishment
Kenya 2019 - see Variable: KE2019A_IND1 - Industry, ISIC section
Kyrgyzstan 1999 - see Variable: KG1999A_IND - Activity type of an enterprise you are working in
Kyrgyzstan 2009 - see Variable: KG2009A_IND - Type of industry, enterprise or organization
Laos 1995 - see Variable: LA1995A_IND2 - Main industry in the last 12 months (2-digit)
Laos 2005 - see Variable: LA2005A_IND3 - Industry (ISIC 3-digit)
Laos 2015 - see Variable: LA2015A_IND2 - Industry (2-digit ISIC Rev. 4)
Lesotho 2006 - see Variable: LS2006A_IND - Industry (2-digits)
Liberia 1974 - see Variable: LR1974A_IND - Industry (3-digit)
Liberia 2008 - see Variable: LR2008A_IND - Industry
Malawi 1987 - see Variable: MW1987A_IND2 - Industry, 2 digit
Malawi 1998 - see Variable: MW1998A_IND4 - Industry, 4-digit
Malawi 2008 - see Variable: MW2008A_IND2 - Main industry
Malawi 2018 - see Variable: MW2018A_IND3 - Main industry (ISIC 2008 3-digit)
Malaysia 1970 - see Variable: MY1970A_IND3 - Industry last week
Malaysia 1980 - see Variable: MY1980A_IND3 - Industry last week (3 digits)
Malaysia 1991 - see Variable: MY1991A_IND3 - Main industry (3 digits)
Malaysia 2000 - see Variable: MY2000A_IND3 - Main industry - 3 digits
Mali 1987 - see Variable: ML1987A_IND - Principal branch of employment last month
Mali 1998 - see Variable: ML1998A_IND - Branch of economic activity
Mali 2009 - see Variable: ML2009A_IND - Industry
Mauritius 1990 - see Variable: MU1990A_IND - Industry (1-digit)
Mauritius 2000 - see Variable: MU2000A_IND1 - Industry (1 digit)
Mauritius 2011 - see Variable: MU2011A_IND2 - Industry (2-digit)
Mexico 1960 - see Variable: MX1960A_IND - Industry
Mexico 1970 - see Variable: MX1970A_IND - Industry
Mexico 1990 - see Variable: MX1990A_IND5 - Industry, 5 digits
Mexico 1995 - see Variable: MX1995A_IND - Industry
Mexico 2000 - see Variable: MX2000A_IND3 - Industry, 3 digits
Mexico 2010 - see Variable: MX2010A_IND - Industry
Mexico 2015 - see Variable: MX2015A_IND - Industry
Mexico 2020 - see Variable: MX2020A_IND - Industry (4-digits)
Mongolia 2000 - see Variable: MN2000A_IND - Industry
Mongolia 2010 - see Variable: MN2010A_IND2 - Industry, division (ISIC Revision 4)
Mongolia 2020 - see Variable: MN2020A_IND3 - Main industry (3-digit)
Morocco 1982 - see Variable: MA1982A_IND3 - Industry (3-digit)
Morocco 1994 - see Variable: MA1994A_IND2 - Industry (2 digits)
Morocco 2004 - see Variable: MA2004A_IND2 - Sector of economic activity (2-digit)
Morocco 2014 - see Variable: MA2014A_IND2 - Industry (2-digit)
Mozambique 1997 - see Variable: MZ1997A_IND1 - Industry
Mozambique 2007 - see Variable: MZ2007A_IND - Industry
Mozambique 2017 - see Variable: MZ2017A_IND2 - Main economic activity (2-digits CAE Rev.2)
Myanmar 2014 - see Variable: MM2014A_IND - Industry
Nepal 2001 - see Variable: NP2001A_IND - Usual industry
Nepal 2011 - see Variable: NP2011A_IND - Industry (2-digit)
Netherlands 1960 - see Variable: NL1960A_IND - Industry
Netherlands 1971 - see Variable: NL1971A_IND - Industry
Netherlands 2001 - see Variable: NL2001A_IND - Industry
Netherlands 2011 - see Variable: NL2011A_IND - Industry (1-digit)
Nicaragua 1971 - see Variable: NI1971A_IND3 - Industry (ISIC2), 3 digits
Nicaragua 1995 - see Variable: NI1995A_IND - Industry (ISIC 3.1, 3 digits)
Nicaragua 2005 - see Variable: NI2005A_IND3 - Industry (ISIC 3.1, 3 digits))
Pakistan 1973 - see Variable: PK1973A_IND2 - Industry, 2 digit
Palestine 1997 - see Variable: PS1997A_IND - Industry
Palestine 2007 - see Variable: PS2007A_IND - Industry
Palestine 2017 - see Variable: PS2017A_IND - Industry
Panama 1960 - see Variable: PA1960A_IND3 - Industry (3 digit)
Panama 1970 - see Variable: PA1970A_IND3 - Industry [3 digit]
Panama 1980 - see Variable: PA1980A_IND - Industry, 3-digit
Panama 1990 - see Variable: PA1990A_IND3 - Industry - 3 Digits
Panama 2000 - see Variable: PA2000A_IND - Economic activity, 3 digits
Panama 2010 - see Variable: PA2010A_IND - Economic activity, 4 digits
Papua New Guinea 1980 - see Variable: PG1980A_IND - Industry, 3 digits
Papua New Guinea 2000 - see Variable: PG2000A_IND3 - Industry (3-digit)
Paraguay 1962 - see Variable: PY1962A_IND3 - Industry (3 digits)
Paraguay 1972 - see Variable: PY1972A_IND3 - Industry (3 digits)
Paraguay 1982 - see Variable: PY1982A_IND3 - Industry, 3-digits
Paraguay 1992 - see Variable: PY1992A_IND3 - Industry, 3 digits
Paraguay 2002 - see Variable: PY2002A_IND - Industry (4 digits)
Peru 1993 - see Variable: PE1993A_IND - Economic activity (4 digits)
Peru 2007 - see Variable: PE2007A_IND - Economic activity (4-digits)
Peru 2017 - see Variable: PE2017A_IND4 - Economic activity (4-digits, in primary job last week)
Philippines 1990 - see Variable: PH1990A_IND - Industry
Philippines 1995 - see Variable: PH1995A_IND - Industry
Philippines 2000 - see Variable: PH2000A_IND - Industry
Philippines 2010 - see Variable: PH2010A_IND3 - Kind of business or industry (3-digit)
Poland 1978 - see Variable: PL1978A_IND - Industry (of person providing support)
Poland 2002 - see Variable: PL2002A_IND - Industry (main employer)
Portugal 1981 - see Variable: PT1981A_IND - Industry
Portugal 1991 - see Variable: PT1991A_IND - Industry
Portugal 2001 - see Variable: PT2001A_IND - Industry
Portugal 2011 - see Variable: PT2011A_IND - Industry
Puerto Rico 1970 - see Variable: PR1970A_IND1990 - Industry, 1990 basis
Puerto Rico 1980 - see Variable: PR1980A_IND1990 - Industry, 1990 basis
Puerto Rico 1990 - see Variable: PR1990A_IND - Industry
Puerto Rico 2000 - see Variable: PR2000A_IND1990 - Industry, 1990 basis
Puerto Rico 2005 - see Variable: PR2005A_IND1990 - Industry, 1990 basis
Puerto Rico 2010 - see Variable: PR2010A_IND - Industry
Puerto Rico 2015 - see Variable: PR2015A_IND - Industry
Puerto Rico 2020 - see Variable: PR2020A_IND - Industry
Romania 1977 - see Variable: RO1977A_IND - Industry of supporter
Romania 1977 - see Variable: RO1977A_WKACT - Activity category
Romania 1992 - see Variable: RO1992A_IND - Industry
Romania 2002 - see Variable: RO2002A_IND - Industry
Romania 2011 - see Variable: RO2011A_INDGEN - Industry (general categories)
Rwanda 2002 - see Variable: RW2002A_IND - Industry
Rwanda 2012 - see Variable: RW2012A_IND2 - Industry (3-digit)
Saint Lucia 1991 - see Variable: LC1991A_IND3 - Industry, 2 digit
Senegal 1988 - see Variable: SN1988A_IND - Industry
Senegal 2013 - see Variable: SN2013A_IND3 - Industry (3-digit)
Sierra Leone 2004 - see Variable: SL2004A_IND - Industry
Slovenia 2002 - see Variable: SI2002A_IND - Industry
South Africa 1996 - see Variable: ZA1996A_IND2 - Industry, 2 digits
South Africa 2001 - see Variable: ZA2001A_IND3 - Industry, 3 digit
South Africa 2007 - see Variable: ZA2007A_IND3 - Industry, 3 digit
South Sudan 2008 - see Variable: SS2008A_IND - Industry
Spain 1981 - see Variable: ES1981A_IND - Industry
Spain 1991 - see Variable: ES1991A_IND - Activity of the establishment
Spain 2001 - see Variable: ES2001A_IND - Industry
Spain 2011 - see Variable: ES2011A_IND - Industry, 2-digits
Sudan 2008 - see Variable: SD2008A_IND - Industry
Suriname 2004 - see Variable: SR2004A_IND - Industry
Suriname 2012 - see Variable: SR2012A_IND - Industry (groups)
Switzerland 1970 - see Variable: CH1970A_IND - Branch of economic activity (industry)
Switzerland 1980 - see Variable: CH1980A_IND - Branch of economic activity (industry)
Switzerland 1990 - see Variable: CH1990A_IND - Branch of economic activity (industry)
Switzerland 2000 - see Variable: CH2000A_IND - Branch of economic activity (industry)
Switzerland 2011 - see Variable: CH2011A_IND2 - Industry of local unit, workplace (NOGA 2-digit)
Tanzania 2002 - see Variable: TZ2002A_IND - Industry last week
Tanzania 2012 - see Variable: TZ2012A_IND - Industry
Thailand 1970 - see Variable: TH1970A_IND - Principal industry last year
Thailand 1980 - see Variable: TH1980A_IND - Principal industry last year
Thailand 1990 - see Variable: TH1990A_IND3 - Principal industry last year, 3 digits
Thailand 2000 - see Variable: TH2000A_IND3 - Industry last year, 3 digits
Togo 1970 - see Variable: TG1970A_IND - Industry (1-digit)
Togo 2010 - see Variable: TG2010A_IND3 - Industry (3-digits)
Trinidad and Tobago 1980 - see Variable: TT1980A_IND - Industry (2-digit)
Trinidad and Tobago 1990 - see Variable: TT1990A_IND - Industry
Trinidad and Tobago 2000 - see Variable: TT2000A_IND - Industry (2 digits)
Turkey 1985 - see Variable: TR1985A_INDALT - Industry (2-digit)
Turkey 1990 - see Variable: TR1990A_IND2 - Industry (2 digits)
Turkey 2000 - see Variable: TR2000A_IND2 - Industry, 2 digit
Uganda 2002 - see Variable: UG2002A_IND - Industry
United Kingdom 1961 - see Variable: UK1961A_IND - Industry
United Kingdom 1971 - see Variable: UK1971A_IND - Industry
United Kingdom 1991 - see Variable: UK1991A_IND - Industrial classification
United Kingdom 2001 - see Variable: UK2001A_IND - Industry classification
United States 1960 - see Variable: US1960A_IND - Industry
United States 1970 - see Variable: US1970A_IND - Industry
United States 1980 - see Variable: US1980A_IND - Industry
United States 1990 - see Variable: US1990A_IND - Industry
United States 2000 - see Variable: US2000A_IND - Industry
United States 2005 - see Variable: US2005A_IND - Industry
United States 2010 - see Variable: US2010A_IND - Industry
United States 2015 - see Variable: US2015A_IND - Industry
United States 2020 - see Variable: US2020A_IND - Industry
Uruguay 1963 - see Variable: UY1963A_IND2 - Primary industry [2-digit]
Uruguay 1985 - see Variable: UY1985A_IND - Industry during the past week
Uruguay 1996 - see Variable: UY1996A_IND2 - Industry (ISIC 3, 2 digits)
Uruguay 2006 - see Variable: UY2006A_IND3 - Industry (ISIC rev 3, 3 digits)
Venezuela 1981 - see Variable: VE1981A_IND - Industry
Venezuela 1990 - see Variable: VE1990A_IND - Industry
Venezuela 2001 - see Variable: VE2001A_IND - Industry
Vietnam 1989 - see Variable: VN1989A_IND2 - Industry, 2 digits
Vietnam 1999 - see Variable: VN1999A_IND3 - Industry, 3 digit
Vietnam 2009 - see Variable: VN2009A_IND - Industry
Vietnam 2019 - see Variable: VN2019A_IND3 - Industry, 3 digit
Zambia 1990 - see Variable: ZM1990A_IND - Industry
Zambia 2000 - see Variable: ZM2000A_IND - Type of industry, 3 digits
Zambia 2010 - see Variable: ZM2010A_IND2 - Industry, 3 digits
Work Variables -- PERSONMigration status, 1 yearMIGRATE1 indicates the person's place of residence 1 year ago. The first digit records movement across major administrative divisions and countries; the second digit reports movement across minor administrative divisions.00NIU (not in universe)10Same major administrative unit11Same major, same minor administrative unit12Same major, different minor administrative unit20Different major administrative unit30Abroad99Unknown/missingMigration: Global Variables -- PERSONCountry of residence 1 year agoMIGCTRY1 indicates the country of residence 1 year ago for international migrants. Persons who did not live abroad 1 year prior are coded to the "non-migrant" category.00000NIU (not in universe)10000Africa11000Eastern Africa11010Burundi11020Comoros11030Djibouti11040Eritrea11050Ethiopia11060Kenya11070Madagascar11080Malawi11090Mauritius11100Mozambique11110Reunion11120Rwanda11130Seychelles11140Somalia11150South Sudan11160Uganda11170Tanzania11180Zambia11190Zimbabwe11999Eastern Africa, n.s.12000Middle Africa12010Angola12020Cameroon12030Central African Republic12040Chad12050Congo12060Democratic Republic of Congo12070Equatorial Guinea12080Gabon12090Sao Tome and Principe12999Middle Africa, n.s.13000Northern Africa13010Algeria13020Egypt/United Arab Rep.13030Libya13040Morocco13050Sudan13060Tunisia13070Western Sahara13999Northern Africa, n.s.14000Southern Africa14010Botswana14020Lesotho14030Namibia14040South Africa14050Swaziland14999Southern Africa, n.s.15000Western Africa15010Benin15020Burkina Faso15030Cape Verde15040Ivory Coast15050Gambia15060Ghana15070Guinea15080Guinea-Bissau15090Liberia15100Mali15110Mauritania15120Niger15130Nigeria15140St. Helena and Ascension15150Senegal15160Sierra Leone15170Togo15199Western African, n.s.19990Africa, n.s.19991Central and South Africa20000Americas21000Caribbean21010Anguilla21020Antigua-Barbuda21030Aruba21040Bahamas21050Barbados21060British Virgin Islands21070Cayman Isles21080Cuba21090Dominica21100Dominican Republic21110Grenada21120Guadeloupe21130Haiti21140Jamaica21150Martinique21160Montserrat21170Netherlands Antilles21180Puerto Rico21190St. Kitts-Nevis21200St. Croix21210St. Jon21220St. Lucia21230St. Thomas21240St. Vincent21250Trinidad and Tobago21260Turks and Caicos21270U.S. Virgin Islands21999Caribbean, n.s.22000Central America22010Belize/British Honduras22020Costa Rica22030El Salvador22040Guatemala22050Honduras22060Mexico22070Nicaragua22080Panama22081Panama Canal Zone22999Central America, n.s.23000South America23010Argentina23020Bolivia23030Brazil23040Chile23050Colombia23060Ecuador23070Falkland Islands23080French Guiana23090Guyana/British Guiana23100Paraguay23110Peru23120Suriname23130Uruguay23140Venezuela23990South America, n.s.23991Central and South America24000North America24010Bermuda24020Canada24030Greenland24040United States24041U.S. Outlying Areas and Territories24999North America, n.s.29990Americas, other and n.s.30000Asia31000Eastern Asia31010China31011Hong Kong31012Macau31013Taiwan31020Japan31030Korea31031Korea, DPR (North)31032Korea, RO (South)31040Mongolia32000South-Central Asia32010Afghanistan32020Bangladesh32030Bhutan32040India32050Iran32060Kazakhstan32070Kyrgyzstan32080Maldives32090Nepal32100Pakistan32110Sri Lanka (Ceylon)32120Tajikistan32130Turkmenistan32140Uzbekistan33000South-Eastern Asia33010Brunei33020Cambodia (Kampuchea)33030East Timor33040Indonesia33050Laos33060Malaysia33070Myanmar (Burma)33080Philippines33090Singapore33100Thailand33110Vietnam33199Other South-Eastern Asia34000Western Asia34010Armenia34020Azerbaijan34030Bahrain34040Cyprus34050Georgia34051Abkhazia34052South Ossetia34060Iraq34070Israel34080Jordan34090Kuwait34100Lebanon34110Palestine34120Oman34130Qatar34140Saudi Arabia34150Syria34160Turkey34170United Arab Emirates34180Yemen34990Western Asia, n.s.34991Middle East, n.e.c.39999Asia, n.s.40000Europe41000Eastern Europe41010Belarus41020Bulgaria41030Czech Republic41040Hungary41050Poland41060Moldova41070Romania41080Russia/USSR41090Slovakia41100Ukraine41999Eastern Europe, n.e.c.42000Northern Europe42010Denmark42020Estonia42030Faroe Islands42040Finland42050Iceland42060Ireland42070Latvia42080Lithuania42090Norway42110Sweden42120United Kingdom42999Northern Europe, n.s.43000Southern Europe43010Albania43020Andorra43030Bosnia and Herzegovina43040Croatia43050Gibraltar43060Greece43070Italy43071Vatican City43080Malta43090Portugal43100San Marino43110Slovenia43120Spain43130Macedonia43140Yugoslavia43141Montenegro43142Serbia43144Kosovo43999Southern Europe, n.s.44000Western Europe44010Austria44020Belgium44030France44040Germany44050Liechtenstein44060Luxembourg44070Monaco44080Netherlands44090Switzerland44999Western Europe, n.e.c.49990Europe, n.s.49991Central-Eastern Europe49992European Union49993European Union (original 15)49994Other European Union (not original 15)50000Oceania51000Australia and New Zealand51010Australia51020New Zealand51030Norfolk Islands51999Australia and New Zealand, n.s.52000Melanesia52010Fiji52020New Caledonia52030Papua New Guinea52040Solomon Islands52050Vanuatu (New Hebrides)53000Micronesia53010Kiribati53020Marshall Islands53030Nauru53040Northern Mariana Isls.53050Palau53999Micronesia, n.e.c.54000Polynesia54010Cook Islands54020French Polynesia54030Niue54040Pitcairn Island54050Samoa54060Tokelau54070Tonga54080Tuvalu54090Wallis and Futuna Isls.59999Oceania, n.s.60000Other90000Non-migrant (international)99998Response suppressed99999UnknownMigration: Global Variables -- PERSON1st subnational geographic level of residence 1 years prior to survey, world [consistent boundaries over time]GEOMIG1_1 indicates the major administrative unit in which the person resided one year prior to the survey. Only intra-national migrations are recorded; however, the variable incorporates geographies for every country that lists place of residence one year ago, to enable comparative analysis of subnational migration. Foreign migrants are coded 097 or 997. Codes for GEOMIG1_1 match the geographic codes in GEOLEV1 (current place of residence).
For similar information for different time intervals since migration, see variables GEOMIG1_P, GEOMIG1_5, and GEOMIG1_10. More on migration and geography can be found here.040011Burgenland [State: Austria]040012Niederösterreich [State: Austria]040013Wien [State: Austria]040021Kärnten [State: Austria]040022Steiermark [State: Austria]040031Oberösterreich [State: Austria]040032Salzburg [State: Austria]040033Tirol [State: Austria]040034Vorarlberg [State: Austria]040097Foreign country [State: Austria]040099NIU [State: Austria]854001Boucle du Mouhoun [Region: Burkina Faso]854002Cascades [Region: Burkina Faso]854003Centre [Region: Burkina Faso]854004Centre-Est [Region: Burkina Faso]854005Centre-Nord [Region: Burkina Faso]854006Centre-Ouest [Region: Burkina Faso]854007Centre-Sud [Region: Burkina Faso]854008Est [Region: Burkina Faso]854009Hauts-Bassins [Region: Burkina Faso]854010Nord [Region: Burkina Faso]854011Plateau Central [Region: Burkina Faso]854012Sahel [Region: Burkina Faso]854013Sud-Ouest [Region: Burkina Faso]854997Abroad [Region: Burkina Faso]854998Unknown [Region: Burkina Faso]854999NIU [Region: Burkina Faso]072001Gaborone [District: Botswana]072002Francistown [District: Botswana]072003Lobatse [District: Botswana]072004Selebi Phikwe [District: Botswana]072007Central Tutume, Sowa [District: Botswana]072010Ngwaketse, Ngwaketse West, Ngwaketse Southern, Southern, Jwaneng [District: Botswana]072011Borolong [District: Botswana]072020South East [District: Botswana]072030Kweneng, Kweneng South, Kweneng North [District: Botswana]072040Kgatleng [District: Botswana]072050Central Serowe/Palapye [District: Botswana]072051Central Mahalapye [District: Botswana]072052Central Bobonong [District: Botswana]072053Central Boteti, Orapa [District: Botswana]072060North East [District: Botswana]072070Ngamiland East [District: Botswana]072071Ngamiland West, Delta [District: Botswana]072072Chobe [District: Botswana]072080Ghanzi, Central Kgalagadi Game Reserve (CKGR) [District: Botswana]072090Tshabong (Kgalagadi South) [District: Botswana]072091Hukunsti (Kgalagadi North) [District: Botswana]072092Botswana, district unknown [District: Botswana]072097Abroad [District: Botswana]072098Unknown [District: Botswana]072099NIU (not in universe) [District: Botswana]124010Newfoundland and Labrador [Province: Canada]124011Prince Edward Island, Yukon Territory, Northwest Territories, Nunavut [Province: Canada]124012Nova Scotia [Province: Canada]124013New Brunswick [Province: Canada]124024Quebec [Province: Canada]124035Ontario [Province: Canada]124046Manitoba [Province: Canada]124047Saskatchewan [Province: Canada]124048Alberta [Province: Canada]124059British Columbia [Province: Canada]124098Unknown [Province: Canada]124099NIU (not in universe) [Province: Canada]384001Lagunes, Sud Comoé, Sud Bandama, Agneby [Region: Cote D'Ivoire]384002Haut Sassandra, Marahoué, Fromager [Region: Cote D'Ivoire]384003Savanes [Region: Cote D'Ivoire]384004Vallée du Bandam, Lacs, N'Zi Comoé [Region: Cote D'Ivoire]384005Moyen Comoé [Region: Cote D'Ivoire]384006Montagnes, Moyen Cavally [Region: Cote D'Ivoire]384008Zanzan [Region: Cote D'Ivoire]384009Bas Sassandra [Region: Cote D'Ivoire]384010Denguele, Worodougou, Bafing [Region: Cote D'Ivoire]384097Abroad [Region: Cote D'Ivoire]384098Unknown [Region: Cote D'Ivoire]384099NIU [Region: Cote D'Ivoire]300001Etolia and Akarnania [Department: Greece]300003Viotia [Department: Greece]300004Evia [Department: Greece]300005Evrytania [Department: Greece]300006Fthiotida [Department: Greece]300007Fokida [Department: Greece]300011Argolida [Department: Greece]300012Arkadia [Department: Greece]300013Achaia [Department: Greece]300014Ilia [Department: Greece]300015Korinthia [Department: Greece]300016Lakonia [Department: Greece]300017Messinia [Department: Greece]300021Zakynthos [Department: Greece]300022Kerkyra [Department: Greece]300023Kefallinia [Department: Greece]300024Lefkada [Department: Greece]300031Arta [Department: Greece]300032Thesprotia [Department: Greece]300033Ioannina [Department: Greece]300034Preveza [Department: Greece]300041Karditsa [Department: Greece]300042Larissa [Department: Greece]300043Magnissia [Department: Greece]300044Trikala [Department: Greece]300051Grevena [Department: Greece]300052Drama [Department: Greece]300053Imathia [Department: Greece]300054Thessaloniki [Department: Greece]300055Kavala [Department: Greece]300056Kastoria [Department: Greece]300057Kilkis [Department: Greece]300058Kozani [Department: Greece]300059Pella [Department: Greece]300061Pieria [Department: Greece]300062Serres [Department: Greece]300063Florina [Department: Greece]300064Chalkidiki and Agion Oros [Department: Greece]300071Evros [Department: Greece]300072Xanthi [Department: Greece]300073Rodopi [Department: Greece]300081Dodekanissos [Department: Greece]300082Kyklades [Department: Greece]300083Lesvos [Department: Greece]300084Samos [Department: Greece]300085Chios [Department: Greece]300091Iraklio [Department: Greece]300092Lassithi [Department: Greece]300093Rethymno [Department: Greece]300094Chania [Department: Greece]300101Prefecture of Athens [Department: Greece]300102Prefecture of East Attiki [Department: Greece]300103Prefecture of West Attiki [Department: Greece]300104Prefecture of Pireas [Department: Greece]300996Foreign country [Department: Greece]300997Response suppressed [Department: Greece]300998Unknown [Department: Greece]300999NIU (not in universe) [Department: Greece]372001Dublin [Region: Ireland]372002Midlands [Region: Ireland]372003Mid-East, Border [Region: Ireland]372004Mid-West, South-East [Region: Ireland]372006West [Region: Ireland]372008South West [Region: Ireland]372096Ireland, region not specified [Region: Ireland]372097Abroad [Region: Ireland]372098Unknown [Region: Ireland]372099NIU (not in universe) [Region: Ireland]380001Piemonte, Valle d'Aosta [Region: Italy]380003Lombardia [Region: Italy]380004Trentino Alto Adige [Region: Italy]380005Veneto [Region: Italy]380006Friuli Venezia Giulia [Region: Italy]380007Liguria [Region: Italy]380008Emilia Romagna, Marche [Region: Italy]380009Toscana [Region: Italy]380010Umbria [Region: Italy]380012Lazio [Region: Italy]380013Abruzzo [Region: Italy]380014Molise [Region: Italy]380015Campania [Region: Italy]380016Puglia [Region: Italy]380017Basilicata [Region: Italy]380018Calabria [Region: Italy]380019Sicilia [Region: Italy]380020Sardegna [Region: Italy]380097Foregin Country [Region: Italy]380099NIU [Region: Italy]404001Nairobi [Province: Kenya]404002Central [Province: Kenya]404003Coast [Province: Kenya]404004Eastern [Province: Kenya]404005Northeastern [Province: Kenya]404006Nyanza [Province: Kenya]404007Rift Valley [Province: Kenya]404008Western [Province: Kenya]404097Abroad [Province: Kenya]404098Unknown [Province: Kenya]404099NIU (not in universe) [Province: Kenya]454101Chitipa [District: Malawi]454102Karonga [District: Malawi]454103Nkhata Bay, Likoma [District: Malawi]454104Rumphi [District: Malawi]454105Mzimba, Mzuzu City [District: Malawi]454201Kasungu [District: Malawi]454202Nkhotakota [District: Malawi]454203Ntchisi [District: Malawi]454204Dowa [District: Malawi]454205Salima [District: Malawi]454206Lilongwe, Lilongwe City [District: Malawi]454207Mchinji [District: Malawi]454208Dedza [District: Malawi]454209Ntcheu [District: Malawi]454301Mangochi [District: Malawi]454302Machinga [District: Malawi]454303Zomba, Zomba City [District: Malawi]454304Chiradzulu [District: Malawi]454305Blantyre, Blantyre City [District: Malawi]454306Mwanza, Neno [District: Malawi]454307Thyolo [District: Malawi]454308Mulanje [District: Malawi]454309Phalombe [District: Malawi]454310Chikwawa [District: Malawi]454311Nsanje [District: Malawi]454312Balaka [District: Malawi]454997Abroad [District: Malawi]454998Unknown [District: Malawi]454999NIU (not in universe) [District: Malawi]508001Niassa [Province: Mozambique]508002Cabo Delgado [Province: Mozambique]508003Nampula [Province: Mozambique]508004Zambézia [Province: Mozambique]508005Tete [Province: Mozambique]508006Manica [Province: Mozambique]508007Sofala [Province: Mozambique]508008Inhambane [Province: Mozambique]508009Gaza [Province: Mozambique]508010Maputo [Province: Mozambique]508011Cidade de Maputo [Province: Mozambique]508097Foreign Country [Province: Mozambique]508098Unknown [Province: Mozambique]508099NIU (not in universe) [Province: Mozambique]598001Western [Province: Papua New Guinea]598002Gulf [Province: Papua New Guinea]598003Central [Province: Papua New Guinea]598004National Capital District [Province: Papua New Guinea]598005Milne Bay [Province: Papua New Guinea]598006Northern [Province: Papua New Guinea]598007Southern Highlands, Hela [Province: Papua New Guinea]598008Enga [Province: Papua New Guinea]598009Western Highlands, Jiwaka [Province: Papua New Guinea]598010Chimbu [Province: Papua New Guinea]598011Eastern Highlands [Province: Papua New Guinea]598012Morobe [Province: Papua New Guinea]598013Madang [Province: Papua New Guinea]598014East Sepik [Province: Papua New Guinea]598015West Sepik [Province: Papua New Guinea]598016Manus [Province: Papua New Guinea]598017New Ireland [Province: Papua New Guinea]598018East New Britain [Province: Papua New Guinea]598019West New Britain [Province: Papua New Guinea]598020Autonomous Region of Bougainville [Province: Papua New Guinea]598097Foreign country [Province: Papua New Guinea]598098Unknown [Province: Papua New Guinea]598099NIU (not in universe) [Province: Papua New Guinea]616002Dolnośląskie [Vovoidship (Province): Poland]616004Kujawsko pomorskie [Vovoidship (Province): Poland]616006Lubelskie [Vovoidship (Province): Poland]616008Lubuskie [Vovoidship (Province): Poland]616010Łódzkie [Vovoidship (Province): Poland]616012Małopolskie [Vovoidship (Province): Poland]616014Mazowieckie [Vovoidship (Province): Poland]616016Opolskie [Vovoidship (Province): Poland]616018Podkarpackie [Vovoidship (Province): Poland]616020Podlaskie [Vovoidship (Province): Poland]616022Pomorskie [Vovoidship (Province): Poland]616024Śląskie [Vovoidship (Province): Poland]616026Świętokrzyskie [Vovoidship (Province): Poland]616028Warmińsko mazurskie [Vovoidship (Province): Poland]616030Wielkopolskie [Vovoidship (Province): Poland]616032Zachodniopomorskie [Vovoidship (Province): Poland]616098Unknown [Vovoidship (Province): Poland]616099NIU (not in universe) [Vovoidship (Province): Poland]620111Minho-Lima [Subregion: Portugal]620112Cávado [Subregion: Portugal]620113Ave [Subregion: Portugal]620114Grande Porto [Subregion: Portugal]620115Tâmega [Subregion: Portugal]620116Entre Douro e Vouga [Subregion: Portugal]620117Douro [Subregion: Portugal]620118Alto Trás-os-Montes [Subregion: Portugal]620150Algarve [Subregion: Portugal]620161Baixo Vouga [Subregion: Portugal]620162Baixo Mondego [Subregion: Portugal]620163Pinhal Litoral [Subregion: Portugal]620165Dão-Lafões [Subregion: Portugal]620166Oeste [Subregion: Portugal]620167Médio Tejo [Subregion: Portugal]620169Other Center [Subregion: Portugal]620171Grande Lisboa [Subregion: Portugal]620172Península de Setúbal [Subregion: Portugal]620185Lezíria do Tejo [Subregion: Portugal]620189Other Alentejo [Subregion: Portugal]620200Região Autónoma dos Açores [Subregion: Portugal]620300Região Autónoma da Madeira [Subregion: Portugal]620998Foreign country [Subregion: Portugal]620999NIU (not in universe) [Subregion: Portugal]643001Altai Krai [Region: Russia]643003Krasnodar Krai [Region: Russia]643004Krasnoyarsk Krai [Region: Russia]643005Primorsky Krai [Region: Russia]643007Stavropol Krai [Region: Russia]643008Khabarovsk Krai [Region: Russia]643010Amur Oblast [Region: Russia]643011Arkhangelsk Oblast [Region: Russia]643012Astrakhan Oblast [Region: Russia]643013Nenets Autonomous District643014Belgorod Oblast [Region: Russia]643015Bryansk Oblast [Region: Russia]643017Vladimir Oblast [Region: Russia]643018Volgograd Oblast [Region: Russia]643019Vologda Oblast [Region: Russia]643020Voronezh Oblast [Region: Russia]643022Nizhny Novgorod Oblast [Region: Russia]643024Ivanovo Oblast [Region: Russia]643025Irkutsk Oblast [Region: Russia]643026Republic of Ingushetia [Region: Russia]643027Kaliningrad Oblast [Region: Russia]643028Tver Oblast [Region: Russia]643029Kaluga Oblast [Region: Russia]643030Kamchatka Krai [Region: Russia]643032Kemerovo Oblast [Region: Russia]643033Kirov Oblast [Region: Russia]643034Kostroma Oblast [Region: Russia]643036Samara Oblast [Region: Russia]643037Kurgan Oblast [Region: Russia]643038Kursk Oblast [Region: Russia]643040City of Federal Importance St. Petersburg [Region: Russia]643041Leningrad Oblast [Region: Russia]643042Lipetsk Oblast [Region: Russia]643044Magadan Oblast [Region: Russia]643045City of Federal Importance Moscow [Region: Russia]643046Moscow Oblast [Region: Russia]643047Murmansk Oblast [Region: Russia]643049Novgorod Oblast [Region: Russia]643050Novosibirsk Oblast [Region: Russia]643052Omsk Oblast [Region: Russia]643053Orenburg Oblast [Region: Russia]643054Oryol Oblast [Region: Russia]643056Penza Oblast [Region: Russia]643057Perm Krai [Region: Russia]643058Pskov Oblast [Region: Russia]643060Rostov Oblast [Region: Russia]643061Ryazan Oblast [Region: Russia]643063Saratov Oblast [Region: Russia]643064Sakhalin Oblast [Region: Russia]643065Sverdlovsk Oblast [Region: Russia]643066Smolensk Oblast [Region: Russia]643068Tambov Oblast [Region: Russia]643069Tomsk Oblast [Region: Russia]643070Tula Oblast [Region: Russia]643071Tyumen Oblast [Region: Russia]643072Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District - Yugra [Region: Russia]643073Ulyanovsk Oblast [Region: Russia]643074Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District [Region: Russia]643075Chelyabinsk Oblast [Region: Russia]643076Zabaykalsky Krai, Aginsky Buryat District [Region: Russia]643077Chukotka Autonomous Region [Region: Russia]643078Yaroslavskaya Oblast [Region: Russia]643079Republic of Adygea [Region: Russia]643080Republic of Bashkortostan [Region: Russia]643081Republic of Buryatia [Region: Russia]643082Republic of Dagestan [Region: Russia]643083Kabardino-Balkaria Republic [Region: Russia]643084Altai Republic [Region: Russia]643085Republic of Kalmykia [Region: Russia]643086Republic of Karelia [Region: Russia]643087Komi Republic [Region: Russia]643088Mari El Republic [Region: Russia]643089Republic of Mordovia [Region: Russia]643090Republic of North Ossetia-Alania [Region: Russia]643091Karachay-Cherkess Republic [Region: Russia]643092Republic of Tatarstan [Region: Russia]643093Tyva Republic [Region: Russia]643094Udmurtia Republic [Region: Russia]643095Republic of Khakassia [Region: Russia]643096Chechen Republic [Region: Russia]643097Chuvash Republic [Region: Russia]643098Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) [Region: Russia]643099Jewish Autonomous Region [Region: Russia]643997Foreign Country [Region: Russia]643998Unknown [Region: Russia]643999NIU [Region: Russia]686001Dakar [Region: Senegal]686002Ziguinchor [Region: Senegal]686003Diourbel [Region: Senegal]686004Saint Louis, Louga, Matam [Region: Senegal]686005Tambacounda, Kedougou [Region: Senegal]686006Kaolack, Fatick, Kaffrine [Region: Senegal]686007Thiès [Region: Senegal]686010Kolda, Sedhiou [Region: Senegal]686097Abroad [Region: Senegal]686099NIU (not in universe) [Region: Senegal]724011Galicia [Communities & autonomous city: Spain]724012Principado de Asturias [Communities & autonomous city: Spain]724013Cantabria [Communities & autonomous city: Spain]724021País Vasco [Communities & autonomous city: Spain]724022Comunidad Foral de Navarra [Communities & autonomous city: Spain]724023La Rioja [Communities & autonomous city: Spain]724024Aragón [Communities & autonomous city: Spain]724030Comunidad de Madrid [Communities & autonomous city: Spain]724041Castilla y León [Communities & autonomous city: Spain]724042Castilla-La Mancha [Communities & autonomous city: Spain]724043Extremadura [Communities & autonomous city: Spain]724051Cataluña [Communities & autonomous city: Spain]724052Comunidad Valenciana [Communities & autonomous city: Spain]724053Islas Baleares [Communities & autonomous city: Spain]724061Andalucía [Communities & autonomous city: Spain]724062Región de Murcia [Communities & autonomous city: Spain]724063Ciudad Autónoma de Ceuta [Communities & autonomous city: Spain]724064Ciudad Autónoma de Melilla [Communities & autonomous city: Spain]724070Canarias [Communities & autonomous city: Spain]724097Foreign country [Communities & autonomous city: Spain]724999NIU (not in universe) [Communities & autonomous city: Spain]728011Northern [State:South Sudan]728012Nahr El Nil [State:South Sudan]728021Red Sea [State:South Sudan]728022Kassala [State:South Sudan]728023Al Gedarif [State:South Sudan]728031Khartoum [State:South Sudan]728041Al Gezira [State:South Sudan]728042White Nile [State:South Sudan]728043Sinnar [State:South Sudan]728044Blue Nile [State:South Sudan]728051North Kordofan [State:South Sudan]728052South Kordofan [State:South Sudan]728061North Darfur [State:South Sudan]728062West Darfur [State:South Sudan]728063South Darfur [State:South Sudan]728071Upper Nile [State: South Sudan]728072Jonglei [State: South Sudan]728073Unity [State: South Sudan]728081Warrap [State: South Sudan]728082Northern Bahr El Ghazal [State: South Sudan]728083Western Bahr El Ghazal [State: South Sudan]728084Lakes [State: South Sudan]728091Western Equatoria [State: South Sudan]728092Central Equatoria [State: South Sudan]728093Eastern Equatoria [State: South Sudan]728098Abroad [State: South Sudan]728099NIU (Not in universe) [State: South Sudan]729011Northern [State: Sudan]729012Nahr El Nil [State: Sudan]729021Red Sea [State: Sudan]729022Kassala [State: Sudan]729023Al Gedarif [State: Sudan]729031Khartoum [State: Sudan]729041Al Gezira [State: Sudan]729042White Nile [State: Sudan]729043Sinnar [State: Sudan]729044Blue Nile [State: Sudan]729051North Kordofan [State: Sudan]729052South Kordofan [State: Sudan]729061North Darfur [State: Sudan]729062West Darfur [State: Sudan]729063South Darfur [State: Sudan]729071Upper Nile [State: Sudan]729072Jonglei [State: Sudan]729073Unity [State: Sudan]729081Warrap [State: Sudan]729082Northern Bahr El Ghazal [State: Sudan]729083Western Bahr El Ghazal [State: Sudan]729084Lakes [State: Sudan]729091Western Equatoria [State: Sudan]729092Central Equatoria [State: Sudan]729093Eastern Equatoria [State: Sudan]729098Abroad [State: Sudan]780010Port of Spain [Region: Trinidad and Tobago]780020San Fernando [Region: Trinidad and Tobago]780080Diego Martin, San Juan/Laventille, Tunapuna/Piarco, Chaguanas, Sangre Grande, Couva/Tabaquite /Talparo, Rio Claro/Mayaro, Siparia, Penal/Debe, Princess Town, Port Fontin, Caroni, St. Andrew/St. David, Victoria, St. Patrick, Arima [Region: Trinidad and Tobago]Diego Martin, San Juan/Laventille, Tunapuna/Piarco, Chaguanas, Sangre Grande, Couva/Tabaquite /Talparo, Rio Claro/Mayaro, Siparia, Penal/Debe, Princess Town, Port Fontin, Caroni, St. Andrew/St. David, Victoria, St. Patrick, Arima [Region: Trinidad and Tobago]780094St. Paul, St. Mary, St. David, St. George, St. Patrick, St. Andrew, St. John, Tobago [Region: Trinidad and Tobago]780098Unknown [Region: Trinidad and Tobago]780099NIU (not in universe) [Region: Trinidad and Tobago]826101North East [Region: United Kingdom]826102North West [Region: United Kingdom]826103Yorkshire and the Humber [Region: United Kingdom]826104East Midlands [Region: United Kingdom]826105West Midlands [Region: United Kingdom]826106East of England [Region: United Kingdom]826107South East [Region: United Kingdom]826108South West [Region: United Kingdom]826110Outer London, Inner London [Region: United Kingdom]826111Scotland [Region: United Kingdom]826112Wales [Region: United Kingdom]826113Northern Ireland [Region: United Kingdom]826197Other country [Region: United Kingdom]826198Unknown [Region: United Kingdom]826199NIU (not in universe) [Region: United Kingdom]834001Dodoma [Region: Tanzania]834002Arusha, Manyara [Region: Tanzania]834003Kilimanjaro [Region: Tanzania]834004Tanga [Region: Tanzania]834005Morogoro [Region: Tanzania]834006Pwani [Region: Tanzania]834007Dar es Salaam [Region: Tanzania]834008Lindi [Region: Tanzania]834009Mtwara [Region: Tanzania]834010Ruvuma [Region: Tanzania]834011Iringa, Njombe [Region: Tanzania]834012Mbeya [Region: Tanzania]834013Singida [Region: Tanzania]834014Tabora [Region: Tanzania]834015Katavi, Rukwa [Region: Tanzania]834016Kigoma [Region: Tanzania]834019Geita, Kagera, Mwanza, Shinyanga, Simiyu [Region: Tanzania]834020Mara [Region: Tanzania]834051Zanzibar North [Region: Tanzania]834052Zanzibar South [Region: Tanzania]834053Zanzibar Town/West [Region: Tanzania]834054Pemba North [Region: Tanzania]834055Pemba South [Region: Tanzania]834097Abroad [Region: Tanzania]834098Unknown [Region: Tanzania]834099NIU (not in universe) [Region: Tanzania]840001Alabama [State: United States]840002Alaska [State: United States]840004Arizona [State: United States]840005Arkansas [State: United States]840006California [State: United States]840008Colorado [State: United States]840009Connecticut [State: United States]840010Delaware [State: United States]840011District of Columbia [State: United States]840012Florida [State: United States]840013Georgia [State: United States]840015Hawaii [State: United States]840016Idaho [State: United States]840017Illinois [State: United States]840018Indiana [State: United States]840019Iowa [State: United States]840020Kansas [State: United States]840021Kentucky [State: United States]840022Louisiana [State: United States]840023Maine [State: United States]840024Maryland [State: United States]840025Massachusetts [State: United States]840026Michigan [State: United States]840027Minnesota [State: United States]840028Mississippi [State: United States]840029Missouri [State: United States]840030Montana [State: United States]840031Nebraska [State: United States]840032Nevada [State: United States]840033New Hampshire [State: United States]840034New Jersey [State: United States]840035New Mexico [State: United States]840036New York [State: United States]840037North Carolina [State: United States]840038North Dakota [State: United States]840039Ohio [State: United States]840040Oklahoma [State: United States]840041Oregon [State: United States]840042Pennsylvania [State: United States]840044Rhode Island [State: United States]840045South Carolina [State: United States]840046South Dakota [State: United States]840047Tennessee [State: United States]840048Texas [State: United States]840049Utah [State: United States]840050Vermont [State: United States]840051Virginia [State: United States]840053Washington [State: United States]840054West Virginia [State: United States]840055Wisconsin [State: United States]840056Wyoming [State: United States]840097Abroad [State: United States]840999NIU (not in universe) [State: United States]894001Central [Province: Zambia]894002Copperbelt [Province: Zambia]894003Eastern, Muchinga, Northern [Province: Zambia]894004Luapula [Province: Zambia]894005Lusaka [Province: Zambia]894008North Western [Province: Zambia]894009Southern [Province: Zambia]894010Western [Province: Zambia]894097Foreign country [Province: Zambia]894098Unknown [Province: Zambia]894099NIU (not in universe) [Province: Zambia]Migration: Global Variables -- PERSONDistrict of residence 1 year ago, Botswana; consistent boundaries, GISMIG1_1_BW indicates the district of Botswana in which a person lived 1 year ago for all sample years.
Click on the Source Variables tab for information on place of residence for each sample year. Source variables may contain more geographic unit detail but are not suitable for cross-temporal comparison.072001Gaborone072002Francistown072003Lobatse072004Selebi Phikwe072007Central Tutume, Sowa072010Ngwaketse, Ngwaketse West, Ngwaketse Southern, Southern, Jwaneng072011Borolong072020South East072030Kweneng, Kweneng South, Kweneng North072040Kgatleng072050Central Serowe/Palapye072051Central Mahalapye072052Central Bobonong072053Central Boteti, Orapa072060North East072070Ngamiland East072071Ngamiland West, Delta072072Chobe072080Ghanzi, Central Kgalagadi Game Reserve (CKGR)072090Tshabong (Kgalagadi South)072091Hukunsti (Kgalagadi North)072092Botswana, district unknown072097Abroad072098Unknown072099NIU (not in universe)Migration: A-E Variables -- PERSONPerson number (within household)Botswana 1981: All recordsThis variable indicates the person number (within household).00Household record0110220330440550660770880991010111112121313141415151616171718181919202021212222232324242525262627272828292930303131323233333434353536363737Technical Person Variables -- PERSONResidency statusBotswana 1981: All personsThis variable indicates whether the person was present in Botswana on the census day.0Absent1PresentTechnical Person Variables -- PERSONRelationship to household head[This question were asked of persons in private household]</p>
<p><span class="em">3. What is (the person)'s relationship to the head of this household?</span><div class="i1">[] 01 Head<br />[] 02 Spouse<br />[] 03 Son/daughter<br />[] 04 Brother/sister<br />[] 05 Nephew/niece<br />[] 06 In-law<br />[] 07 Grandchild<br />[] 08 Parent<br />[] 09 Other relative<br />[] 10 Not related<br />[] 11 Visitor</div><span class="h3">Column [P3] relationship</span><div class="i1">Enter the answer code indicating the relationship of each person to the head of household (whether present or not) against the person's name. Proceed as follows:<br />For the head of household enter 1<br />For his/her spouse enter 2<br />For his/her son/daughter enter 3<br />For his/her brother/sister enter 4<br />For his/her nephew/niece enter 5<br />For his/her in-law enter 6<br />For his/her grandchild 7<br />For his/her father/mother enter 8<br />For other relations enter 9<br />For any persons not related enter 10<br />Visitors enter 11<br />Before going on to complete other columns make sure that you have written down the names and entered correct relationship codes of every person who spent the previous night in the house.</div>Botswana 1981: Persons in private households [discrepancies: type I trace; type II none]This variable indicates the person's relationship to the household head.01Head02Spouse03Son or daugther04Brother or sister05Nephew or niece06In-law07Grand-child08Parent09Other relatives10None related11Visitors98Unknown99NIU (not in universe)Demographic Variables -- PERSONSex<span class="em">4. Sex </span><div class="i1">[] 1 Male<br />[] 2 Female</div><span class="h3">Column [P4] sex</span><div class="i1">For males enter 1<br />For females enter 2<br />Sometimes it may be clear to you from the name and relationship which sex the person is, but be careful to get the sex of young children right-don't guess it, ask.</div>Botswana 1981: All personsThis variable indicates the person's gender.1Male2Female9UnknownDemographic Variables -- PERSONAge<span class="em">5. Age at last birthday (if under 1 year enter 00)</span><div class="i1">_________</div><span class="h3">Column [P5] age</span><div class="i1">This is one of the most important questions on the questionnaire. It is also one of the most difficult to answer correctly. You should take particular care with it. You should record the age of a person in completed years. For example, a person aged twenty- six years and four months should be recorded as "26". Similarly a person aged twenty-six years and 10 months should also be recorded as "26". A child aged under one year should be recorded as "00". For persons aged 98 years and over enter 98. Ask the person's age. Be sure to ascertain whether the stated age refers to last birthday or next birthday. Age last birthday should be recorded. If there is no other way you will have to estimate the person's age. Many people will not know their ages, when this happens ask first for the year in which the person was born then look up the age in the calendar provided. If the year of birth is not known you should find it out by using the Events Calendar. Ask how old was the person at the time of some known event. Check the answer by relating it to some other event the person can remember well. If you already know the age of some other person in the household you may find it helpful by asking if the person is older or younger and by how many years. If there is no other way you may have to estimate the person's age by looking at him. When you have made the best estimate you can, you should check if it is compatible with the person's position in the family. [For example, a child cannot be older than its mother]. Some people have fixed wrong ideas about their ages, others misstate their ages. Do not accept answers that are obviously wrong. Try and get accurate answers.</div>Botswana 1981: All personsThis variable indicates the person's age.00Less than 1 year011 year022 years033044055066077088099101011111212131314141515161617171818191920202121222223232424252526262727282829293030313132323333343435353636373738383939404041414242434344444545464647474848494950505151525253535454555556565757585859596060616162626363646465656666676768686969707071717272737374747575767677777878797980808181828283838484858586868787888889899090+99UnknownDemographic Variables -- PERSONMarital status<span class="em">6. Marital status</span><div class="i1">[] 1 Never married<br />[] 2 Married<br />[] 3 Separated<br />[] 4 Divorced<br />[] 5 Widowed</div><span class="h3">Column [P6] marital status</span><div class="i1">Enter the appropriate answer code against each person's name. A person should be regarded as married if he/she has been through any form of marriage ceremony whether tribal, civil, Christian or other. Accept the answer of the person without question. Single means never married and this includes children. Widowed means that either the husband or the wife has died and that the surviving partner has not remarried. A person should be regarded as divorced if his/her marriage has been terminated by a court order. A person should be regarded as separated if he/ she had been ordered to live apart from his/ her spouse by a court of law or he/she is no longer living together with his/her spouse.</div>Botswana 1981: All personsThis variable indicates the person's marital status.1Never married2Married3Separated4Divorced5Widowed9UnknownDemographic Variables -- PERSONCountry of citizenship[Questions 7 through 9 were asked of present residents in the household]</p>
<p><span class="em">7. What is the country of (the person)'s citizenship?</span><div class="i1">[] 01 Botswana<br />[] 02 Zimbabwe<br />[] 03 Zambia<br />[] 04 Namibia<br />[] 05 Malawi<br />[] 06 Angola<br />[] 07 Lesotho<br />[] 08 Swaziland<br />[] 09 South Africa<br />[] 10 UK<br />[] 11 USA<br />[] 12 India<br />[] 13 Pakistan<br />[] Other (specify)</div><span class="h3">Column [P7] citizenship</span><div class="i1">Enter the appropriate answer code against each person's name. For a citizen of a country not listed in the questionnaire write the name of the country of which that person is a citizen.</div>Botswana 1981: Present residents [discrepancies: none]This variable indicates the person's country of citizenship. The universe for this variable includes present residents of Botswana. Enumeration instructions indicate that person's information should be collected from absent persons only if they were Botswana citizens; thus, the NIU category could be also interpreted as having "Botswana" citizenship.01Botswana02South Africa03Zimbabwe04Namibia05Zambia06Malawi07Angola09Swaziland10Nigeria11Ghana12Other Africa16Norway20Other Europe24Sri Lanka25Other Asia26United States of America29Other countries98Unknown99NIU (not in universe)Nativity and Birthplace Variables -- PERSONPlace of usual residence[Questions 7 through 9 were asked of present residents in the household]</p>
<p><span class="em">8. Where does (the person) usually live?</span><div class="i1">[] 0001 In this housing unit<br />[] 0002 Elsewhere in this locality<br />[] _ _ _ _ Elsewhere in Botswana (see list)<br />[] 77XX Other country (see list)</div><span class="h3">Column [P8] place of usual living</span><div class="i1">The place where a person spends or lives most of the time is that person's place of usual living. For example, for children in boarding school or teachers teaching away from home, enter the name and code of the village where the school is located. For a person who usually lives in the dwelling where he/she is enumerated enter 0001. For a person who usually lives somewhere else in the locality where enumeration is taking place enter 0002. For a person who usually lives somewhere else in Botswana, write down the name of the place and check from the village list you have with you for the appropriate code of that person's place of usual living. Enter the code on the questionnaire - below the name of the place you have just written. For a person whose place of usual living is outside Botswana, enter the code number of the country. See Column P7 for the list of country codes. If the country is not listed, write down the name of the country.</div>Botswana 1981: Present residents [discrepancies: none]This variable indicates the person's place of usual residence.1In this dwelling2Elsewhere in this locality3Elsewhere in Botswana4Foreign country8Unknown9NIU (not in universe)Migration: Global Variables -- PERSONDistrict of usual residence[Questions 7 through 9 were asked of present residents in the household]</p>
<p><span class="em">8. Where does (the person) usually live?</span><div class="i1">[] 0001 In this housing unit<br />[] 0002 Elsewhere in this locality<br />[] _ _ _ _ Elsewhere in Botswana (see list)<br />[] 77XX Other country (see list)</div><span class="h3">Column [P8] place of usual living</span><div class="i1">The place where a person spends or lives most of the time is that person's place of usual living. For example, for children in boarding school or teachers teaching away from home, enter the name and code of the village where the school is located. For a person who usually lives in the dwelling where he/she is enumerated enter 0001. For a person who usually lives somewhere else in the locality where enumeration is taking place enter 0002. For a person who usually lives somewhere else in Botswana, write down the name of the place and check from the village list you have with you for the appropriate code of that person's place of usual living. Enter the code on the questionnaire - below the name of the place you have just written. For a person whose place of usual living is outside Botswana, enter the code number of the country. See Column P7 for the list of country codes. If the country is not listed, write down the name of the country.</div>Botswana 1981: Present residents [discrepancies: none]This variable indicates the person's district of usual residence. District is the first-level geographic identifier available in the Botswana sample.01Gaborone02Francistown03Lobatse04Selebi-Phikwe05Orapa06Jwaneng10Ngwaketse11Barolong20South East30Kweneng40Kgatleng50Central Serowe51Central Mahalapye52Central Bobonong and Central Tuli Block53Central Boteti54Central Tutume55Central Tuli Block60North East70Ngamiland (South)71Ngamiland (North)72Chobe73Okavango Delta80Gansti and Central Kgalagadi Game Reserve (CKGR)90Kgalagadi (North)91Kgalagadi (South)95Foreign country98Unknown99NIU (not in universe)Migration: Global Variables -- PERSONCountry of usual residence[Questions 7 through 9 were asked of present residents in the household]</p>
<p><span class="em">8. Where does (the person) usually live?</span><div class="i1">[] 0001 In this housing unit<br />[] 0002 Elsewhere in this locality<br />[] _ _ _ _ Elsewhere in Botswana (see list)<br />[] 77XX Other country (see list)</div><span class="h3">Column [P8] place of usual living</span><div class="i1">The place where a person spends or lives most of the time is that person's place of usual living. For example, for children in boarding school or teachers teaching away from home, enter the name and code of the village where the school is located. For a person who usually lives in the dwelling where he/she is enumerated enter 0001. For a person who usually lives somewhere else in the locality where enumeration is taking place enter 0002. For a person who usually lives somewhere else in Botswana, write down the name of the place and check from the village list you have with you for the appropriate code of that person's place of usual living. Enter the code on the questionnaire - below the name of the place you have just written. For a person whose place of usual living is outside Botswana, enter the code number of the country. See Column P7 for the list of country codes. If the country is not listed, write down the name of the country.</div>Botswana 1981: Present residents [discrepancies: none]This variable indicates the persons' country of usual residence.01Botswana02South Africa09Swaziland10Nigeria12Other Africa29Other countries97Foreign country, not specified98Unknown99NIU (not in universe)Migration: Global Variables -- PERSONPlace of residence 1 year ago[This question were asked of all persons in present residents aged 1 plus]
<br /><span class="em">9. Where did (the person) lived this time last year?</span><div class="i1">[] 0000 Not born<br />[] 0001 In this housing unit<br />[] 0002 Elsewhere in this locality<br />[] _ _ _ _ Elsewhere in Botswana (see list)<br />[] 77XX Other country (see list)</div><span class="h3">Column [P9] migration</span><div class="i1">This question deals with the place where each person being enumerated was living a year before the census. Proceed as follows: <br />For children who are under one year of age at the time of enumeration, enter 0000.<br />For a person who is living in the same dwelling now as last year, enter 0001.<br />For a person who was living somewhere else in the locality enter 0002.<br />For a person who was living somewhere else in Botswana, write down the name of the place and also check the appropriate code from the village list. Enter the code below the name of the place you have just written.<br />For a person who was living outside Botswana a year before the census enter the code number for the country. See column P7 for the list of the country codes. If the country is not listed, write down the name of the country.</div>Botswana 1981: Present residents age 1+ [discrepancies: type I trace; type II trace]This variable indicates the person's place of usual residence 1 year ago.1In this dwelling2Elsewhere in this locality3Elsewhere in Botswana4Foreign country8Unknown9NIU (not in universe)Migration: Global Variables -- PERSONDistrict of residence 1 year ago[This question were asked of all persons in present residents aged 1 plus]
<br /><span class="em">9. Where did (the person) lived this time last year?</span><div class="i1">[] 0000 Not born<br />[] 0001 In this housing unit<br />[] 0002 Elsewhere in this locality<br />[] _ _ _ _ Elsewhere in Botswana (see list)<br />[] 77XX Other country (see list)</div><span class="h3">Column [P9] migration</span><div class="i1">This question deals with the place where each person being enumerated was living a year before the census. Proceed as follows: <br />For children who are under one year of age at the time of enumeration, enter 0000.<br />For a person who is living in the same dwelling now as last year, enter 0001.<br />For a person who was living somewhere else in the locality enter 0002.<br />For a person who was living somewhere else in Botswana, write down the name of the place and also check the appropriate code from the village list. Enter the code below the name of the place you have just written.<br />For a person who was living outside Botswana a year before the census enter the code number for the country. See column P7 for the list of the country codes. If the country is not listed, write down the name of the country.</div>Botswana 1981: Present residents age 1+ [discrepancies: type I trace; type II trace]This variable indicates the person's district of usual residence 1 year ago. District is the first-level geographic identifier available in the Botswana sample.01Gaborone02Francistown03Lobatse04Selebi-Phikwe05Orapa06Jwaneng10Ngwaketse11Barolong20South East30Kweneng40Kgatleng50Central Serowe51Central Mahalapye52Central Bobonong53Central Boteti54Central Tutume55Central Tuli Block60North East70Ngamiland (South)71Ngamiland (North)72Chobe73Okavango Delta80Gansti and Central Kgalagadi Game Reserve (CKGR)90Kgalagadi (North)91Kgalagadi (South)95Foreign country98Unknown99NIU (not in universe)Migration: Global Variables -- PERSONCountry of residence 1 year ago[This question were asked of all persons in present residents aged 1 plus]
<br /><span class="em">9. Where did (the person) lived this time last year?</span><div class="i1">[] 0000 Not born<br />[] 0001 In this housing unit<br />[] 0002 Elsewhere in this locality<br />[] _ _ _ _ Elsewhere in Botswana (see list)<br />[] 77XX Other country (see list)</div><span class="h3">Column [P9] migration</span><div class="i1">This question deals with the place where each person being enumerated was living a year before the census. Proceed as follows: <br />For children who are under one year of age at the time of enumeration, enter 0000.<br />For a person who is living in the same dwelling now as last year, enter 0001.<br />For a person who was living somewhere else in the locality enter 0002.<br />For a person who was living somewhere else in Botswana, write down the name of the place and also check the appropriate code from the village list. Enter the code below the name of the place you have just written.<br />For a person who was living outside Botswana a year before the census enter the code number for the country. See column P7 for the list of the country codes. If the country is not listed, write down the name of the country.</div>Botswana 1981: Present residents age 1+ [discrepancies: type I trace; type II trace]This variable indicates the person's country of usual residence 1 year ago.01Botswana02South Africa03Zimbabwe04Namibia08Lesotho09Swaziland10Nigeria11Ghana12Other Africa20Europe29Other countries97Foreign country, not specified98Unknown99NIU (not in universe)Migration: Global Variables -- PERSONInstitution typeBotswana 1981: Present residents [discrepancies: none]This variable indicates the type of institution where the person lived in.0Normal households1Hotels or safaris2Hostels3Work camps4Hospitals5Prisons6Others8Unknown9NIU (not in universe)Other Person Variables -- PERSONSchool attendance<span class="em">(All Persons 5 years and over)</span></p>
<p><span class="em">10. Has (the person) ever attended school? </span><div class="i1">[] 1 Never attended<br />[] 2 Still at school<br />[] 3 Left school</div><span class="h3">Columns [P10 and P11] apply only to persons 5 years and above</span><div class="i1">Columns [P10 andP11] Education<br />Column [P10] Enter the answer code as appropriate <br />Column [P11] Enter the highest school grade the person has passed.<br />If Standard 1, enter 11<br />If Standard 2, enter 12<br />If Standard 3, enter 13<br />If Standard 4, enter 14<br />If Standard 5, enter 15<br />If Standard 6, enter 16<br />If Standard 7, enter 17<br />[If somebody has passed old Sub A or Sub B enter 11. The instruction remains the same for all other standards]<br />If the person has attended or is attending secondary school enter the highest form passed as follows:<br />If Form 1, enter 21<br />If Form 2, enter 22<br />If Form 3, enter 23<br />If Form 4, enter 24<br />If Form 5, enter 25 and <br />If Form 6, enter 26<br />If the person has attended or is attending University enter the number of years the person has spent attending University as follows:<br />Year 1, 31<br />Year 2, 32<br />Year 3, 33<br />Year 4, 34<br />Year 5 and over, 35</div>Botswana 1981: Present residents age 5+ [discrepancies: type I trace; type II none]This variable indicates the person's school attendance.1Never attended2Still at school3Left school8Unknown9NIU (not in universe)Education Variables -- PERSONHighest school level and grade passed<span class="em">(All Persons 5 years and over)</span></p>
<p><span class="em">11. What is the highest school grade that (the person) passed?</span><div class="i1">Primary</div><div class="i2">[] 11<br />[] 12<br />[] 13<br />[] 14<br />[] 15<br />[] 16<br />[] 17</div><div class="i1">Secondary</div><div class="i2">[] 21<br />[] 22<br />[] 23<br />[] 24<br />[] 25<br />[] 26</div><div class="i1">Tertiary</div><div class="i2">[] 31<br />[] 32<br />[] 33<br />[] 34<br />[] 35</div><span class="h3">Columns [P10 and P11] apply only to persons 5 years and above</span><div class="i1">Columns [P10 andP11] Education<br />Column [P10] Enter the answer code as appropriate <br />Column [P11] Enter the highest school grade the person has passed.<br />If Standard 1, enter 11<br />If Standard 2, enter 12<br />If Standard 3, enter 13<br />If Standard 4, enter 14<br />If Standard 5, enter 15<br />If Standard 6, enter 16<br />If Standard 7, enter 17<br />[If somebody has passed old Sub A or Sub B enter 11. The instruction remains the same for all other standards]<br />If the person has attended or is attending secondary school enter the highest form passed as follows:<br />If Form 1, enter 21<br />If Form 2, enter 22<br />If Form 3, enter 23<br />If Form 4, enter 24<br />If Form 5, enter 25 and <br />If Form 6, enter 26<br />If the person has attended or is attending University enter the number of years the person has spent attending University as follows:<br />Year 1, 31<br />Year 2, 32<br />Year 3, 33<br />Year 4, 34<br />Year 5 and over, 35</div>Botswana 1981: Present residents age 5+ who ever attended school [discrepancies: type I trace; type II 2.1%]This variable indicates the highest school level and grade the person has passed.11Primary school Standard 112Primary school Standard 213Primary school Standard 314Primary school Standard 415Primary school Standard 516Primary school Standard 617Primary school Standard 721Secondary school Form 122Secondary school Form 223Secondary school Form 324Secondary school Form 425Secondary school Form 526Secondary school Form 631University, year 132University, year 233University, year 334University, year 435University year 5 or more98Unknown99NIU (not in universe)Education Variables -- PERSONWork regularly for cash during the past month<span class="em">(Questions 13 through 14 were asked of all present residents, persons aged 12 years and over)</span></p>
<p><span class="em">12. During the past month did (the person) work regularly for cash? </span><div class="i1">[] 1 Yes, for someone else<br />[] 2 Yes, for self (Go to 14)<br />[] 3 No</div><span class="h3">Column [P12] work done for cash reward during the past month</span><div class="i1">The correct answer code to the question by anyone who has worked for somebody else for cash during the month before the census is 1, if the person is self-employed the correct answer code is 2, and if he has not been self-employed nor employed by somebody else the correct answer code is 3. Enter the code as appropriate. Remember that those who worked for cash reward are those who work for wages, salaries, fees, commission and the like. Those self-employed include those who are in business for themselves-for example, farmers who farm with specific intention of selling their products, store owners, hawkers and people such as those who repair shoes or cut hair under a tree or those who weave baskets and sell oranges for their living. For a farmer who grows mainly for his family's consumption enter 3 in P12 and 5 in P13.</div>Botswana 1981: Present residents age 12+ [discrepancies: type I trace; type II none]This variable indicates whether the person worked regularly for cash during the past month.1Yes, for someone else2Yes, for self3No8Unknown9NIU (not in universe)Work Variables -- PERSONType of activity if not working regularly for cash during the past month<span class="em">(Questions 13 through 14 were asked of all present residents, persons aged 12 years and over)</span></p>
<p><span class="em">13. What did (the person) do?</span><div class="i1">[] 1 Housewife<br />[] 2 Student<br />[] 3 Retired<br />[] 4 Activity looking for work<br />[] 5 Work at family landscape<br />[] 6 Periodic piece jobs<br />[] 7 Others (Go to 16 if applicable, else stop)</div><span class="h3">Column [P13] type of activity</span><div class="i1">This column relates to persons who were neither self-employed nor working for other persons during the month before the census. Find out what they were doing during most of the reference period, probe if necessary. Enter the appropriate answer codes against their names. If you fill P13 enter '0' for P14 and P15 and go to P16 if applicable. If the entry in P12 is 1 or 2, enter '0' in P13.</div>Botswana 1981: Present residents age 12+ who were not working [discrepancies: type I trace; type II none]This variable indicates the type of activity the person was doing if not working regularly for cash during the past month.1Housewife2Student3Retired4Actively looking for work5Work at family lands or cattle-post6Periodic piece job7Others8Unknown9NIU (not in universe)Work Variables -- PERSONOccupation<span class="em">(Questions 13 through 14 were asked of all present residents, persons aged 12 years and over)</span></p>
<p><span class="em">14. What type of work did (the person) do? </span><div class="i1">_________</div><span class="h3">Column [P14] occupation</span><div class="i1">Occupation means the work a person does. You should obtain as clearly as possible the kind of work the person was doing during the month before the census. If the person uses vague answers such as 'Civil Servant', 'Businessman', or 'Laborer', ask further questions to discover exactly what he did, then write down the occupation in the space provided. If the person moved from job to job you should enter the most recent occupation even if it only lasted for a day or two. This may happen with people who are casual laborers. If a person has two or more occupations enter the one on which he spends most time.</div>Botswana 1981: Present residents age 12+ who worked regularly for cash [discrepancies: type I trace; type II trace]This variable indicates the person's occupation.00NIU (not in universe)01Physical scientists and related technicians02Architects, engineers06Medical, dental, veterinary doctors07Other medical workers08Statisticians, mathematicians, system analysts, economists, and related technicians11Accountant13Teachers14Workers in religion16Sculptors, painters, photographers, composers and related creative and performing artists19Other professional, technical and related workers20Legislative officials and government administrators21Managers22Defence force personnel31Government executive officials32Stenographers, typists and data capture operators33Book-keepers, cashiers and related workers35Transport and communication supervisors, transport conductors37Mail distribution clerks39Other clerical and related workers40Managers and working proprietors (wholesale and retail trade)45Salesmen, shop assistants and related workers49Other sales workers50Managers and working proprietors (catering and loading services)53Cooks, waiters, bartenders54Maids and related housekeeping service workers55Building caretakers, charworkers, cleaners and related workers58Protective service workers59Other service workers61Farmers62Agricultural and animal husbandry workers64Fishermen, hunters and related workers69Other agricultural, animal husbandry, forestry, or related workers70Production supervisors and general foremen71Miners, quarrymen, well drillers and related workers75Spinners, weavers, knitters, dyers and related workers77Food and beverage processors79Tailors, dressmakers, sewers, upholsterers and related workers83Blacksmiths, toolmakers and machine-tool operators84Machinery fitters, machine assemblers and precision instrument makers (except electrical)85Electrical fitters and related electrical and electronics workers87Plumbers, welders, sheet metal and structural metal repairers and erectors90Other production workers, transport equipment operators, or labourers92Painters93Other production related workers94Bricklayers, carpenters and other construction workers95Stationary engine, material handling, and related equipment operators, dockers and freight handlers97Transport equipment operators98Other labourers99UnknownWork: Occupation Variables -- PERSONIndustry<span class="em">(Questions 13 through 14 were asked of all present residents, persons aged 12 years and over)</span></p>
<p><span class="em">15. What was the main product, service/activity of (the person)'s place of work?</span><div class="i1">_________</div><span class="h3">Column [P15] industry</span><div class="i1">The industry identifies the kind of product or service produced by the worker and his fellow workers. This is distinct from the person's own job, which is his occupation. You will very often discover a person's industry by asking who employs him and what kind of articles [or services] are produced by his employer. [For example, a man may be a clerk and employed by a farmer, his occupation is 'Clerk' and his industry is 'Farming']. If the same person was employed by a mining company his occupation stays the same as Clerk, but his industry should be recorded as 'Mining'. Similarly for a clerk employed by a Council, you should write the name of the Council for his industry, for a clerk employed by the Government the name of the Department or Ministry. If you cannot establish the articles or services produced by the employers, write the name of the employers.</div>Botswana 1981: Present residents age 12+ who worked regularly for cash [discrepancies: type I trace; type II trace]This variable indicates the industry where the person works.01Botswana Defence Forces02Central government03Local government04Tribal administration05Education (primary and secondary)10Agriculture11Mining and quarrying12Manufacturing13Water and electricity supply14Construction15Wholesale and retail trade, hotels, restaurants, and related activities16Transport, storage and communication17Financing, insurance, real estate and business services18Community, social, household and personal services (profit making)19Hospitals, religious organisations, club societies and associations (non-profit making)20Tourism98Unknown99NIU (not in universe)Work: Industry Variables -- PERSONNumber of children ever born alive<span class="em">(Fertility-females, 12 years and over),<br />[Questions 16 through 19 were asked of all present residents female aged 12+]</span></p>
<p><span class="em">16. How many children have been born alive to (the person)?</span><div class="i1">_________</div><span class="em">These questions must be answered for all females aged 12 years and over, whether they are single, married, widowed or divorced or separated, whatever their relationship to the head of household. For all males and all girls under 12 years of age enter '0' in these columns.</span><div class="i1">In column [P16] you must record the number of children ever born alive by the woman. Remember to include all children who have died, those living elsewhere as well as those who have grown up and left the house.</div>Botswana 1981: Present resident females age 12+ [discrepancies: type I 63.3%; type II none]This variable indicates the number of children born alive to the person.000011022033044055066077088099101011111212131314141515+98Unknown99NIU (not in universe)Fertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSONNumber of children living with mother in this household<span class="em">(Fertility-females, 12 years and over),<br />[Questions 16 through 19 were asked of all present residents female aged 12+]</span></p>
<p><span class="em">17. How many children are living in this household?</span><div class="i1">_________</div><span class="em">These questions must be answered for all females aged 12 years and over, whether they are single, married, widowed or divorced or separated, whatever their relationship to the head of household. For all males and all girls under 12 years of age enter '0' in these columns.</span><div class="i1">In column [P17] write the number of children born to the woman who are now living at home with her. This number should normally agree with the number of children enumerated on the same questionnaire and shown to be the woman's sons and daughters in column P3.</div>Botswana 1981: Present resident females age 12+ who have ever given birth [discrepancies: type I 73.4%; type II none]This variable indicates the number of children born to the person who are currently living in the household with their mother.0000110220330440550660770880991010+98Unknown99NIU (not in universe)Fertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSONNumber of children living elsewhere<span class="em">(Fertility-females, 12 years and over),<br />[Questions 16 through 19 were asked of all present residents female aged 12+]</span></p>
<p><span class="em">18. How many children are living elsewhere?</span><div class="i1">_________</div><span class="em">These questions must be answered for all females aged 12 years and over, whether they are single, married, widowed or divorced or separated, whatever their relationship to the head of household. For all males and all girls under 12 years of age enter '0' in these columns.</span><div class="i1">In column [P18] write the number of children born to the woman who are now living somewhere else. This should include all those sons and daughters who have grown up, married and are now living elsewhere.</div>Botswana 1981: Present resident females age 12+ who have ever given birth [discrepancies: type I 73.4%; type II none]This variable indicates the number of children born to the person living elsewhere.0000110220330440550660770880991010+98Unknown99NIU (not in universe)Fertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSONNumber of children dead<span class="em">(Fertility-females, 12 years and over),<br />[Questions 16 through 19 were asked of all present residents female aged 12+]</span></p>
<p><span class="em">19. How many children are dead?</span><div class="i1">_________</div><span class="em">These questions must be answered for all females aged 12 years and over, whether they are single, married, widowed or divorced or separated, whatever their relationship to the head of household. For all males and all girls under 12 years of age enter '0' in these columns.</span><div class="i1">In column [P19] write the number of children born to the woman who have died. This should include all those who died immediately after birth, as well as those who may have died at later ages. Sometimes a woman may forget to mention children who died in infancy and does not want to be reminded of painful events; you must therefore put the question sympathetically and tactfully. Check that the number of children entered in column P16 is the sum of children entered in columns P17, P18 and P19. Reconcile any difference with the respondent before leaving the dwelling. If a woman has never borne a child write '0' in all three columns. Never leave any column blank or just put dashes in them. Similarly if a woman has children in one or two categories only insert the figures as appropriate and write '0' in the remaining column or columns.</div>Botswana 1981: Present resident females age 12+ who have ever given birth [discrepancies: type I 73.4%; type II none]This variable indicates the number of children born to the person who died.0000110220330440550660770880991010+98Unknown99NIU (not in universe)Fertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSONNumber of children born alive last year<span class="h3">Column [P20] birth since independence day 1980</span><div class="i1">This column must be completed for all women. If the woman has not had birth since independence write '0' in this column. Otherwise enter the number of children born.</div>Botswana 1981: Present resident females age 12+ [discrepancies: type I 63.3%; type II none]This variable indicates the number of children born alive to the person during last year (since Independence Day 1980).001122+9NIU (not in universe)Fertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSONCountry of stay for absent household member<span class="h3">Columns [A1 to A10] members of the household absent from Botswana</span><div class="i1">These questions apply only to citizens of Botswana who are absent from the country. All those persons who are absent but who would live in the household if they were in Botswana should be included. [For example, citizens working or temporarily living with relatives in South Africa or studying abroad]. Write down the names of such persons and record the details of their relationship to the head of household [use answer codes as in column P3] sex [use answer codes in column P4] and age. Ask duration since last visit, record the answer in years and months. Then ask the name of the country where they are [see column P7 for answer codes, if country is not listed, write the name of the country]. Finally ask for the reasons why they are away, see the answer codes list in the next column. Enter appropriate answer code. If no member of the household is absent from Botswana enter '0' in the columns on line 1.</div>Botswana 1981: Absent citizens [discrepancies: none]This variable indicates the country of stay for the absent household member.02South Africa03Zimbabwe04Namibia07Angola09Swaziland12Other Africa29Other countries98Unknown99NIU (not in universe)Other Person Variables -- PERSONYears since the absent household member's last visit<span class="em">8. Duration since last visit</span><div class="i1">____ Years<br />____ Months</div><span class="h3">Columns [A1 to A10] members of the household absent from Botswana</span><div class="i1">These questions apply only to citizens of Botswana who are absent from the country. All those persons who are absent but who would live in the household if they were in Botswana should be included. [For example, citizens working or temporarily living with relatives in South Africa or studying abroad]. Write down the names of such persons and record the details of their relationship to the head of household [use answer codes as in column P3] sex [use answer codes in column P4] and age. Ask duration since last visit, record the answer in years and months. Then ask the name of the country where they are [see column P7 for answer codes, if country is not listed, write the name of the country]. Finally ask for the reasons why they are away, see the answer codes list in the next column. Enter appropriate answer code. If no member of the household is absent from Botswana enter '0' in the columns on line 1.</div>Botswana 1981: Absent citizens [discrepancies: none]This variable indicates the years since the absent household member's last visit.00Less than 1 year011 year022 years0330440550660770880991010+98Unknown99NIU (not in universe)Other Person Variables -- PERSONMonths since the absent household member's last visit<span class="em">8. Duration since last visit</span><div class="i1">____ Years<br />____ Months</div><span class="h3">Columns [A1 to A10] members of the household absent from Botswana</span><div class="i1">These questions apply only to citizens of Botswana who are absent from the country. All those persons who are absent but who would live in the household if they were in Botswana should be included. [For example, citizens working or temporarily living with relatives in South Africa or studying abroad]. Write down the names of such persons and record the details of their relationship to the head of household [use answer codes as in column P3] sex [use answer codes in column P4] and age. Ask duration since last visit, record the answer in years and months. Then ask the name of the country where they are [see column P7 for answer codes, if country is not listed, write the name of the country]. Finally ask for the reasons why they are away, see the answer codes list in the next column. Enter appropriate answer code. If no member of the household is absent from Botswana enter '0' in the columns on line 1.</div>Botswana 1981: Absent citizens [discrepancies: none]This variable indicates the months since the absent household member's last visit.00Less than 1 month011 month022 months03304405506607708809910101111+98Unknown99NIU (not in universe)Other Person Variables -- PERSONReasons for being away of the absent household member<span class="em">9. Reason for being away</span><div class="i1">[] 01 Working in mines<br />[] 02 Working in farms<br />[] 03 Working as domestic<br />[] 04 Other employment<br />[] 05 Student<br />[] 06 Visiting relatives<br />[] 07 Official business<br />[] 08 Other business<br />[] 09 Others<br />[] 10 Don't know</div><span class="h3">Columns [A1 to A10] members of the household absent from Botswana</span><div class="i1">These questions apply only to citizens of Botswana who are absent from the country. All those persons who are absent but who would live in the household if they were in Botswana should be included. [For example, citizens working or temporarily living with relatives in South Africa or studying abroad]. Write down the names of such persons and record the details of their relationship to the head of household [use answer codes as in column P3] sex [use answer codes in column P4] and age. Ask duration since last visit, record the answer in years and months. Then ask the name of the country where they are [see column P7 for answer codes, if country is not listed, write the name of the country]. Finally ask for the reasons why they are away, see the answer codes list in the next column. Enter appropriate answer code. If no member of the household is absent from Botswana enter '0' in the columns on line 1.</div>Botswana 1981: Absent citizens [discrepancies: none]This variable indicates the reasons for being away of the absent household member.01Working in mines02Working in farms03Working as domestic04Other employment05Student06Visiting relatives07Official business08Other business09Others98Unknown99NIU (not in universe)Other Person Variables -- PERSON