DDI_CHE_2024_FINDEX_v02_M_WB CHE_2024_FINDEX_v02_M Development Data Group 2025-12-15 NADA Version 02 (2025-12-15) The Global Findex Database 2025: Connectivity and Financial Inclusion in the Digital Economy FINDEX 2025 CHE_2024_FINDEX_v02_M Development Research Group, Finance and Private Sector Development Unit Gallup, Inc. MetadataEditor Development Research Group, World Bank Gates Foundation Mastercard Foundation Digital Vice Presidency, World Bank Prosperity Vice Presidency, World Bank GlobalFindex Alexandra Norris Development Research Group, World Bank Other Household Survey [hh/oth] Edited, anonymized dataset for public distribution. Switzerland National Coverage Observation data/ratings [obs] GlobalFindex Alexandra Norris Findex_Microdata_2025_updateSwitzerland 2025 Global Findex - Switzerland Microdata 1000 199 1000 2024 2024 Economy 1000 Economy code 1000 Regional code 1000 Population 15+, 2023, WDI 1000 7553903 7553903 Gallup World Poll identifier 1000 111122523 211018340 Weight 1000 0.281612062089902 2.74565101988696 Respondent is female 1000 1 2 1 Female 2 Male Respondent age 1000 19 91 Respondent education level 998 2 1 3 1 Primary education or less 2 Secondary education 3 Tertiary education or more Sysmiss Within-economy household income quintile 1000 1 5 Respondent is in workforce 1000 1 2 1 In the workforce 2 Out of the workforce Respondent lives in rural area 995 5 1 2 1 Rural 2 Urban Sysmiss Has an account at a financial institution 1000 1 No/DK/Ref 1 Yes Has a mobile money account 1000 No/DK/Ref 1 Yes Sysmiss Has an account 1000 1 No/DK/Ref 1 Yes Has a digitally enabled account 1000 No/DK/Ref 1 Yes Sysmiss Borrowed 1000 No/DK/Ref 1 Yes Sysmiss Saved 1000 No/DK/Ref 1 Yes Sysmiss Received a wage payment 1000 1 Into an account 2 In cash only 3 In some other way 4 Did not receive 5 DK/ref Sysmiss Received a government transfer payment 1000 1 Into an account 2 In cash only 3 In some other way 4 Did not receive 5 DK/ref Sysmiss Received a government pension payment 1000 1 Into an account 2 In cash only 3 In some other way 4 Did not receive 5 DK/ref Sysmiss Received a payment for the sale of agricultural goods 1000 1 Into an account 2 In cash only 3 In some other way 4 Did not receive 5 DK/ref Sysmiss Made a digital merchant payment 1000 No/DK/Ref 1 Yes Sysmiss Paid a utility bill 1000 1 From an account 2 In cash only 3 In some other way 4 Did not 5 DK/ref Sysmiss Made or received a domestic remittance payment 1000 4 4 1 Using an account 2 Not using an account 3 Did not make or receive 4 DK/ref Made or received a digital payment 1000 No/DK/Ref 1 Yes Sysmiss Has a debit card [Insert local terminology for a/an ATM/debit card] is a card connected to an account that allows you to withdraw money or buy things, and the money is taken out of that account right away. Do you, personally, have [insert local terminology for a/an ATM/debit card]? Yes or no? 1000 1 4 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Used a card or mobile phone to access account Thinking ONLY about your account at a bank or similar financial institution, in the past 12 months, did you use a card or a mobile phone to make payments, buy things, or to send or receive money using your account? Yes or no? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Opened first account to receive a wage or salary payment or money from the gover Thinking about the first account you opened, did you open it to receive a wage or salary payment or money from the government? Yes or no? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Frequency of money deposited into accounts In a typical month, how often is money deposited into your personal account(s)? This includes cash or electronic deposits, or any time money is put into your account. Weekly, monthly, or less than once a month? 1000 1 Weekly 2 Monthly 3 Less than once a month 4 Never 5 Don't know 6 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Frequency of money sent or taken out of accounts In a typical month, how often is money sent from or taken out of your personal account(s)? This includes cash withdrawals or electronic payments. Weekly, monthly, or less than once a month? 1000 1 Weekly 2 Monthly 3 Less than once a month 4 Never 5 Don't know 6 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Any deposits or withdrawals In the past 12 months, has money been put into or taken out of your personal account(s)? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Store money in account Is there typically any money kept in your personal account(s)? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Receive account balance information using a mobile phone or the internet In the past 12 months, have you received any information about your account balance from your bank, such as through email, SMS, or a text message on your mobile phone? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Check account balance using a mobile phone or the internet In the past 12 months, have you personally checked the balance of the account(s) you have at a bank or similar financial institution using a mobile phone or computer? Yes or no? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Has a credit card A credit card is a card that allows you to borrow money in order to make payments or buy things, and you can pay the balance off later. Do you, personally, have a credit card? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Has a card that you can add money to and use to send and receive money or make p Do you have a card that you can add money to and use to send and receive money or make purchases at a variety of places? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Ever had an account at a bank or similar financial institution Have you ever had an account at a bank or similar financial institution? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Could use account without help If you were to open an account at a bank or a similar financial institution, do you think you could use it by yourself, or would you need the help of another person? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Reason for no account: too far Are any of the following statements reasons why you do not have an account at a bank or similar financial institution? Please answer yes or no to each of the following: Financial institutions are too far away 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Reason for no account: fees too expensive Are any of the following statements reasons why you do not have an account at a bank or similar financial institution? Please answer yes or no to each of the following: Financial service fees are too expensive 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Reason for no account: lack documentation Are any of the following statements reasons why you do not have an account at a bank or similar financial institution? Please answer yes or no to each of the following: You don't have the necessary documentation 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk ="don't know" and r ="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Reason for no account: lack money Are any of the following statements reasons why you do not have an account at a bank or similar financial institution? Please answer yes or no to each of the following: You don't have enough money to open an account 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Reason for no account: family member already has one Are any of the following statements reasons why you do not have an account at a bank or similar financial institution? Please answer yes or no to each of the following: Someone else in the family already has an account 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Reason for no account: lack trust Are any of the following statements reasons why you do not have an account at a bank or similar financial institution? Please answer yes or no to each of the following: You don't trust financial institutions 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Mobile money meets financial needs Does your mobile money account meet all your financial needs, or would you also like to open an account at a bank? 1000 1 Mobile money meets all financial needs 2 Would like to open a bank account 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Frequency of money deposited into mobile money accounts In a typical month, how often is money deposited into your mobile money account(s)? This includes cash or electronic deposits, or any time money is put into your account. Weekly, monthly, or less than once a month? 1000 1 Weekly 2 Monthly 3 Less than once a month 4 Never 5 Don't know 6 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Frequency of money sent from mobile money accounts In a typical month, how often is money sent from your mobile money account(s)? Weekly, monthly, or less than once a month? 1000 1 Weekly 2 Monthly 3 Less than once a month 4 Never 5 Don't know 6 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Frequency of money taken out of mobile money accounts In a typical month, how many times is money taken out of your mobile money account(s)? Weekly, monthly, or less than once a month? 1000 1 Weekly 2 Monthly 3 Less than once a month 4 Never 5 Don't know 6 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Store money in mobile money account Do you typically keep any money in your mobile money account? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Asked for mobile money PIN or password Has anyone you don't know ever sent you a message on your phone or called you asking for the PIN or password to your mobile money account? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Sent money to the wrong number Have you ever sent money from your mobile money account to the wrong number? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Received money back after sending to the wrong number Were you able to get back the money you sent to the wrong number? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Reason for no mobile money account: too far Are any of the following statements reasons why you do not have a mobile money account? Please answer yes or no to each of the following: Mobile money agents are too far away 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Reason for no mobile money account: too expensive 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Reason for no mobile money account: lack documentation 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Reason for no mobile money account: lack of money 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Reason for no mobile money account: worried about security 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Used an agent or someone else to make a mobile money payment Do you ever use an agent or ask someone else to make a mobile money payment for you? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Ever had a mobile money account Have you ever had a mobile money account such as [insert local terminology for mobile money products]? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Saved at a bank or similar financial institution In the past 12 months, have you saved or set aside any money by: using an account at a bank or similar financial institution? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Saved using a mobile money account In the past 12 months, have you saved or set aside any money by: using a mobile money account? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Saved using a savings club or a person outside the family In the past 12 months, have you saved or set aside any money by: using an informal savings group/club such as [insert local terminology for savings group/club] or a person outside the family? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Formal saving frequency In a typical month, how often do you save or set aside money into an account? Weekly, monthly, or less than once a month? 1000 1 Weekly 2 Monthly 3 Less than once a month 4 Don't know 5 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Received interest In the past 12 months, did you receive interest or additional money for the savings in your account? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Saved formally for old age In the past 12 months, have you saved or set aside any money for your old age? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Saved for any reason In the past 12 months, have you saved or set aside any money for any reason? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Made regular payments to insurance agent or company In the past 12 months, have you made any regular payments to an insurance agent or company? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Applied for a loan using a mobile phone In the past 12 months, have you applied for a loan using a mobile phone? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Received loan applied for using a mobile phone Did you receive this loan? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Borrowed from a formal bank or similar financial institution In the past 12 months, have you borrowed any money from a bank or a similar financial institution? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Borrowed from a mobile money provider In the past 12 months, have you borrowed any money from your mobile money provider? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Borrowed from friends or family In the past 12 months, have you borrowed any money from family, relatives, or friends? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Borrowed from an informal savings club In the past 12 months, have you borrowed any money from informal savings group/club such as [insert local terminology for savings group/club]? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Borrowed for health or medical purposes In the past 12 months, have you borrowed money for health or medical purposes? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Borrowed to start or operate a business In the past 12 months, have you borrowed money to start or operate a business? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Purchased food on credit In the past 12 months, did you ever buy household food but pay for it at a later date? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Used a credit card In the past 12 months, have you used your credit card? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Paid off all credit card balances in full by their due date In the past 12 months, did you pay off all your credit card balances in full by their due date? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Borrowed money for any reason In the past 12 months, have you borrowed money from any source for any reason? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Main source of emergency money in 30 days Now, imagine that you have an emergency and you need to pay [insert 1/20 of local GNI per capita]. What would be the MAIN source of money that you would use to come up with [insert 1/20 of local GNI per capita] within the next 30 days? Please choose only one response from the following. 1. Savings 2. Family, relatives, or friends 3. Money from working 4. A loan from a financial institution, an employer, or a private lender 5. Selling something you own such as jewelrey 6. Some other source 7. I could not come up with the money 1000 1 Savings 2 Family, relatives, or friends 3 Money from working 4 A loan from a financial institution, an employer, or a private lender 5 Selling something you own such as jewelery or livestock 6 Some other source 7 I could not come up with the money 8 Don't know 9 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Difficulty of emergency funds in 30 days How difficult would it be for you to come up with [insert 1/20 of local GNI per capita] within the next 30 days? Would it be very difficult, somewhat difficult, or not difficult at all? 1000 1 Very difficult 2 Somewhat difficult 3 Not difficult at all 4 Don't know 5 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. How long household could cover expenses if main source of income was lost Suppose your household lost its main source of income. About how long could you cover expenses by using savings, borrowing, selling something you own, seeking help from family and friends, or through some other way? Less than two weeks, about one month, about two months, or more than two months? 1000 1 Less than two weeks 2 About one month 3 About two months 4 More than two months 5 Don't know 6 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Experienced a natural disaster or severe weather event In the PAST THREE YEARS, have you personally experienced a natural disaster or severe weather event, such as [insert local examples of natural disasters]? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Natural disaster in the past three years: Income lost or unable to work, by self 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Natural disaster in the past three years: Damage to home or livestock 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Natural disaster in the past three years: Unable to access or use their account 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Use a mobile phone or card to pay for household cleaning supplies 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Used a mobile phone or a card to pay for an in-store purchase 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Frequency of digital in-store merchant payments 1000 1 Weekly 2 Monthly 3 Less than once a month 4 Don't know 5 Refused Sysmiss Main reason for only using cash for in-store merchant payments 1000 1 Because the merchant(s) only accepts cash 2 Because it's more expensive to pay using a card or phone 3 Because you don't trust payments using a card or phone 4 Because you're used to paying by cash 5 Some other reason 6 Don't know 7 Refused Sysmiss Used a mobile phone or computer to make a bill payment In the past 12 months, have you, personally used a mobile phone or computer to make a bill payment? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Used a mobile phone or the internet to buy something online In the past 12 months, have you, personally used a mobile phone or computer to buy something online that was delivered to you? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Online purchase mode of payment Do you usually pay online or in cash when the order is delivered? 1000 1 Pay online 2 In cash 3 Both 4 Don't know 5 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Made a domestic remittance In the past 12 months, have you given or sent money to relatives or friends living in a different city inside [insert economy name]? This can be money you brought yourself or sent in some other way. 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Made a digital domestic remittance In the past 12 months, have you given or sent money to relatives or friends living in a different city inside [insert economy name] directly from an account or phone? Yes or no? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Received a domestic remittance In the past 12 months, did you receive money from relatives or friends living in a different city inside [insert economy name]? This can be money you were directly given or that you received in some other way. 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Received a digital domestic remittance In the past 12 months, have you, personally, received money from relatives or friends living in a different city inside [insert economy name] directly into an account or phone? Yes or no? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Received an international remittance payment In the past 12 months, did you receive money from relatives or friends living in a different country? Yes or no? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Made a utility payment In the past 12 months, have you, personally, made regular payments for electricity, water, or trash collection? Yes or no? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Made a utility payment using a bank account In the past 12 months, have you, personally, made payments for electricity, water, or trash collection using an account at a bank or similar financial institution? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Made a utility payment using a mobile phone In the past 12 months, have you, personally, made payments for electricity, water, or trash collection using a mobile phone to make a payment? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Made a utility payment by handing cash to a bank agent or staff In the past 12 months, have you personally made a payment for electricity, water, or trash collection by handing cash to bank staff or an agent? Yes or no? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Made utility payments exclusively in cash Do you only use cash to pay for electricity, water, or trash collection? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Received a wage payment In the past 12 months, have you received any salary or wages from an employer? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Employed by the government, military, or public sector In the past 12 months, have you been employed by the government, military, or public sector? Yes or no? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Received wage payment into a bank or similar institution account In the past 12 months, has an employer paid your salary or wages directly into an account at a bank or similar financial institution? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Received a wage payment through a mobile phone In the past 12 months, has an employer paid your salary or wages through a mobile phone? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Received a wage payment in cash In the past 12 months, has an employer paid your salary or wages in cash? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Received a wage payment into a card In the past 12 months, has an employer paid your salary or wages to a card? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Paid an unexpected fee to withdraw wages Have you ever paid a fee that was more than you expected when you withdrew or took out your salary or wages from your account? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Mode of wage withdrawal from account When your employer has paid your salary or wages into your account, do you typically take out all this money as cash at one time or do you leave some of this money in your account? 1000 1 Take out all as cash at one time 2 Leave some money in the account 3 Transfer money to another personal account 4 Don't know 5 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Person withdrawing wage from account Did you take your salary or wages out of your account yourself or did a friend or family member take out the money for you? 1000 1 Withdrew by self 2 A friend or family withdrew for respondent 3 Both 4 Don't know 5 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Received financial support from the government In the past 12 months, have you, personally, received any financial support from the government? This money could include payments for educational or medical expenses, unemployment benefits or subsidy payments. Please do NOT include wages or any payments related to work. 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Received a public sector pension In the past 12 months, have you personally received a pension from the government, military, or public sector? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Received money from the government into a bank account In the past 12 months, have you received this money from the government in any of the following ways? You received payments directly into an account at a bank or similar financial institution 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Received money from the government through a mobile phone In the past 12 months, have you received this money from the government in any of the following ways? You received payments through a mobile phone 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Received money from the government only in cash In the past 12 months, have you received any money from the government in cash? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Received money from the government into a card In the past 12 months, have you received any money from the government to a card? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Mode of government money withdrawal from account When you receive money from the government, do you typically take out all this money as cash at one time, or do you leave some of this money in your account? 1000 1 Take out all as cash at one time 2 Leave some money in the account 3 Transfer money to another personal account 4 Don't know 5 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Paid an unexpected fee to withdraw government money from account Have you ever paid a fee that was more than you expected when you withdrew or took the money from the government out of your account? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Person withdrawing money from the government from account Did you take the money you received from the government out of your account yourself or did a friend or family member take out the money for you? 1000 1 Withdrew by self 2 A friend or family withdrew for respondent 3 Both 4 Don't know 5 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Received an agricultural payment In the past 12 months, have you personally received money from any source for the sale of agricultural products, crops, produce, or livestock? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Received an agricultural payment into a bank account In the past 12 months, have you received money for the sale of agricultural products, crops, produce, or livestock in any of the following ways? You received payments directly into an account at a bank or similar financial institution 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Received an agricultural payment through a mobile phone In the past 12 months, have you received money for the sale of agricultural products, crops, produce, or livestock in any of the following ways? You received payments through a mobile phone 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Received an agricultural payment only in cash In the past 12 months, have you received money for the sale of agricultural products, crops, produce, or livestock in cash? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Received an agricultural payment into a card In the past 12 months, have you received money for the sale of agricultural products, crops, produce, or livestock to a card? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Use phone or internet to access weather or farming information Do you use a phone or the Internet to access information such as weather updates, pest control, or farming tips? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Greatest financial worry Which of the following financial issues are you MOST worried about? Please choose only one option. Are you most worried about not having enough money…? 1. For your old age 2. For your business 3. For medical costs in case of a serious illness or accident 4.For monthly expenses, such as food, housing, or bills 5. For school or education fees 6. Some other reason 1000 1 For their old age 2 For their business 3 For medical costs in case of a serious illness or accident 4 For monthly expenses, such as food, housing, or bills 5 For school or education fees 6 Some other reason 7 Don't know 8 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Used the internet within the past three months 1000 1 No/DK/Ref 1 Yes Have a mobile phone Do you have a mobile phone that you use to make and receive personal calls? 1000 1 4 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Reason for no phone: lack of money We would like to understand why you do not own a mobile phone. Are any of the following reasons why you do not have a mobile phone? Please answer yes or no: You don't have enough money to buy a mobile phone 1000 1 Yes 2 No 8 Don't know 9 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Reason for no phone: mobile minutes are too expensive We would like to understand why you do not own a mobile phone. Are any of the following reasons why you do not have a mobile phone? Please answer yes or no: Buying mobile minutes is too expensive 1000 1 Yes 2 No 8 Don't know 9 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Reason for no mobile phone: lack of reliable coverage We would like to understand why you do not own a mobile phone. Are any of the following reasons why you do not have a mobile phone? Please answer yes or no: There is not reliable coverage where you live 1000 1 Yes 2 No 8 Don't know 9 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Reason for no mobile phone: difficulties reading or typing We would like to understand why you do not own a mobile phone. Are any of the following reasons why you do not have a mobile phone? Please answer yes or no: You have difficulties reading or typing on a mobile phone 1000 1 Yes 2 No 8 Don't know 9 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Reason for no mobile phone: family or community disapproval We would like to understand why you do not own a mobile phone. Are any of the following reasons why you do not have a mobile phone? Please answer yes or no: People in your family or community do not approve of you using a mobile phone 1000 1 Yes 2 No 8 Don't know 9 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Reason for no mobile phone: worried about safety or security We would like to understand why you do not own a mobile phone. Are any of the following reasons why you do not have a mobile phone? Please answer yes or no: You are worried about your personal safety or security when using a mobile phone 1000 1 Yes 2 No 8 Don't know 9 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Reason for no mobile phone: used someone else's mobile phone We would like to understand why you do not own a mobile phone. Are any of the following reasons why you do not have a mobile phone? Please answer yes or no: You use someone else's mobile phone 1000 1 Yes 2 No 8 Don't know 9 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Main reason for not having a mobile phone What is the main reason you do not own a mobile phone? 1. You don't have enough money to buy a mobile phone 2. Buying mobile minutes is too expensive 3. There is not reliable coverage where you live 4. You have difficulties reading or typing on a mobile phone 5. People in your family or community do not approve of you using a mobile phone 6. You are worried about your personal safety or security when using a mobile phone 7. You use someone else's mobile phone 8. Some other reason/None of these reasons 1000 1 Don't have enough money to buy a mobile phone 2 Buying mobile minutes is too expensive 3 There is not reliable coverage where they live 4 Difficulties reading or typing on a mobile phone 5 People in family or community do not approve of you using a mobile phone 6 Worried about personal safety or security when using a mobile phone 7 Use someone else's mobile phone 97 Some other reason 98 Don't know 99 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Used someone else's mobile phone Have you used someone else's mobile phone in the past 3 months? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 8 Don't know 9 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Type of phone used when using someone else's phone Was the mobile phone you used a smartphone or a basic text phone? 1000 1 A smartphone 2 A basic text phone 8 Don't know 9 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Personal SIM card used in someone else's phone Did you have a personal SIM card in your name that you have used in another person's mobile phone in the past 3 months? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 8 Don't know 9 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Rules for using someone else's phone Does someone, such as a family member, set rules about how you can use a mobile phone? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 8 Don't know 9 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Someone in the household owns a mobile phone Does anyone in your household currently own a mobile phone? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 8 Don't know 9 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Type of phone Is the main mobile phone you use a smartphone or a basic text phone? 1000 1 A smartphone 2 A basic text phone 8 Don't know 9 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Could use whatsapp on basic phone Could you use WhatsApp on this basic text phone if you wanted to? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 8 Don't know 9 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. SIM registered in own name Is the SIM number in this mobile phone registered in your name? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 8 Don't know 9 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Mobile phone use frequency How frequently do you use a mobile phone? Daily, weekly, monthly, or less than once a month? 1000 1 Daily 2 Weekly 3 Monthly 4 Less than once a month 7 Never 8 Don't know 9 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Used a mobile phone in the past three months Did you use a mobile phone in the past 3 months? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 8 Don't know 9 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Read a text message Have you ever read a text message on a mobile phone? This can include an SMS or text message or a message on a messaging app like WhatsApp. 1000 1 Yes 2 No 8 Don't know 9 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Can understand a text message with English letters Could you read and understand a text message in [insert language of interview] that is written using English letters, like "A", "B", and "C"? This can include an SMS or text message or a message on a messaging app like WhatsApp. 1000 1 Yes 2 No 8 Don't know 9 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Sent a text message Have you ever sent a text message on a mobile phone? This can include an SMS or text message or a message sent through a messaging app like WhatsApp. 1000 1 Yes 2 No 8 Don't know 9 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Preferred mode of government communication If the government needed to communicate important news to the population, such as a message about an extreme weather event or health information, would you prefer to receive it by SMS or text message or by a phone call with a recorded voice? 1000 1 By SMS or text message 2 By a phone call with a recorded voice 3 Neither 4 Both/Either one 8 Don't know 9 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Have a PIN or password on mobile phone Is there a lock on the mobile phone that you use, such as a PIN, password, or fingerprint? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 8 Don't know 9 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Can change PIN or password Are you able to change the PIN or password on the mobile phone that you use without help? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 8 Don't know 9 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Rules about using own phone Does someone, such as a family member, set rules about how you can use a mobile phone? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 8 Don't know 9 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Received scam text or call In the past 12 months, did you receive a phone call or SMS or text message on your mobile phone from someone you didn't know asking you to send money? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 8 Don't know 9 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Sent money to scammer Did you send the money to this person? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 8 Don't know 9 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Received unwanted or offensive messages In the past 12 months, have you received unwanted and offensive messages, photos or videos to your mobile phone? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 8 Don't know 9 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Used the internet in the past 7 days Have you used the Internet in the past seven days, whether on a mobile phone, a computer, or some other device? 1000 1 4 1 Yes 2 No 4 8 Don't know 9 Refused Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Used the internet in the past 3 months Did you use the Internet in the past 3 months? 119 881 1 9 1 Yes 2 No 8 Don't know 9 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Frequency of internet use In a typical month, how frequently do you use the Internet? Daily, weekly, monthly, or less than once a month? 1000 1 Daily 2 Weekly 3 Monthly 4 Less than once a month 7 Never 8 Don't know 9 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Purchase a data package Do you buy a data package to use the Internet? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 8 Don't know 9 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Frequency of data package purchase How frequently do you buy your data package to use the Internet? Daily, weekly, monthly, or less than once a month? 1000 1 Daily 2 Weekly 3 Monthly 4 Less than once a month 7 Never 8 Don't know 9 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Connect to the internet only through free WiFi Do you connect to the Internet only through free WiFi, such as from a neighbor, a shop, or a free public WiFi area? 1000 1 Yes 2 No 8 Don't know 9 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Sent a voice message from a mobile phone In the past 3 months, have you personally done any of the following activities? Please answer yes or no: Sent a voice message from a mobile phone 1000 1 Yes 2 No 8 Don't know 9 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Sent a photo from a mobile phone In the past 3 months, have you personally done any of the following activities? Please answer yes or no: Sent a photo from a mobile phone 1000 1 Yes 2 No 8 Don't know 9 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Used social media on a mobile phone In the past 3 months, have you personally done any of the following activities? Please answer yes or no: Used social media, like Facebook or TikTok, on a mobile phone 1000 1 Yes 2 No 8 Don't know 9 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Read about news or current events online In the past 3 months, have you personally done any of the following activities? Please answer yes or no: Read about news or current events online 1000 1 Yes 2 No 8 Don't know 9 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Accessed educational information online In the past 3 months, have you personally done any of the following activities? Please answer yes or no: Accessed information online to learn, train, or educate yourself or someone else 1000 1 Yes 2 No 8 Don't know 9 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Earned money online In the past 3 months, have you personally done any of the following activities? Please answer yes or no: Used apps or websites to earn money, for example, selling goods or services online 1000 1 Yes 2 No 8 Don't know 9 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Accessed government services or searched for government information online In the past 3 months, have you personally done any of the following activities? Please answer yes or no: Accessed government services or searched for government information online 1000 1 Yes 2 No 8 Don't know 9 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Searched or applied for a job online In the past 3 months, have you personally done any of the following activities? Please answer yes or no: Searched or applied for a job online 1000 1 Yes 2 No 8 Don't know 9 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Reason for no smartphone: not enough money Please tell me whether each of the following are reasons why you do NOT OWN a smartphone: You don't have enough money to buy a smartphone 1000 1 Yes 2 No 8 Don't know 9 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Reason for no smartphone: data plan is too expensive Please tell me whether each of the following are reasons why you do NOT OWN a smartphone: Buying a mobile data plan is too expensive 1000 1 Yes 2 No 8 Don't know 9 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Reason for no smartphone: no reliable coverage Please tell me whether each of the following are reasons why you do NOT OWN a smartphone: There is not reliable Internet coverage where you live 1000 1 Yes 2 No 8 Don't know 9 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Reason for no smartphone: difficulties reading or typing on a smartphone Please tell me whether each of the following are reasons why you do NOT OWN a smartphone: You have difficulties reading or typing on a smartphone 1000 1 Yes 2 No 8 Don't know 9 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Reason for no smartphone: family or community disapproval Please tell me whether each of the following are reasons why you do NOT OWN a smartphone: People in your family or community do not approve of you using a smartphone 1000 1 Yes 2 No 8 Don't know 9 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Reason for no smartphone: worried about safety or security Please tell me whether each of the following are reasons why you do NOT OWN a smartphone: You are worried about your personal safety or security when using a smartphone 1000 1 Yes 2 No 8 Don't know 9 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Reason for no smartphone: use someone else's smartphone Please tell me whether each of the following are reasons why you do NOT OWN a smartphone: You use someone else's smartphone 1000 1 Yes 2 No 8 Don't know 9 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Reason for no smartphone: no need Please tell me whether each of the following are reasons why you do NOT OWN a smartphone: You have no need for a smartphone 1000 1 Yes 2 No 8 Don't know 9 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. Main reason for not having a smartphone What is the main reason you do not own a smartphone? You don’t have enough money to buy a smartphone Buying a mobile data plan is too expensive There is not reliable Internet coverage where you live You have difficulties reading or typing on a smartphone People in your family or community do not approve of you using a smartphone You are worried about your personal safety or security when using a smartphone You use someone else’s smartphone You have no need for a smartphone (Some other reason/None of these reasons) (DK) (Refused) 1000 1 Don't have enough money to buy a smartphone 2 Buying a mobile data plan is too expensive 3 There is not reliable Internet coverage where you live 4 Difficulties reading or typing on a smartphone 5 People in family or community do not approve of using a smartphone 6 Worried about personal safety or security when using a smartphone 7 Use someone else's smartphone 8 Don't need a smartphone 97 Some other reason/None of these reasons 98 Don't know 99 Refused Sysmiss Note: "no/dk/r" indicates the response categories: no, dk="don't know" and r="refused" Words in brackets [] indicate local or economy-specific terminology. ID ownership 1000 1 2 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Foundational ID has been used without permission for illegal purposes 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Reason no ID: Have another ID 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Reason no ID: Do not need an ID 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Reason no ID: Too expensive 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Reason no ID: No documents 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Reason no ID: Travel too far 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Reason no ID: Uncomfortable sharing information 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Challenge: Receiving financial support from the government 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Challenge: Using financial services 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Challenge: Obtaining a SIM card 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Challenge: Participating in elections 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Challenge: Applying for a job 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Challenge: Receiving medical care 1000 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss Online digital ID ownership 1000 1 4 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Online digital ID has been used on phone or computer to confirm identity online 517 483 1 3 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 4 Refused Sysmiss