DDI_AFR_1999_AFB-MR1_v02_M DataFirst Development Data Group 2021-02-18 NADA DDI Document - Version 02 - (04/27/21) This version is identical to DDI_AFR_1999_AFB-MR1_v01_M but country field has been updated to capture all the countries covered by survey. Version 01 (February 2021). The study metadata has been adopted from same study published on DataFirst website. Afrobarometer Survey 1999-2000 Merged Round 1 Data (12 Countries) AFR-MR1 1999-00 AFR_1999_AFB-MR1_v01_M Institute for Democracy in South Africa (IDASA) Michigan State University (MSU) Ghana Centre for Democratic Development (CDD-Ghana) NADA The African Development Bank Michigan State University The National Science Foundation, US The Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD) For general inquiries For general inquiries For data Manager, DataFirst Other Household Survey [hh/oth] Afrobarometer collects and disseminates information regarding Africans’ views on democracy, governance, economic reform, civil society, and quality of life. Round 1 surveys were conducted between 1999 and 2001. At that time, the project covered seven countries in Southern Africa (Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe), three countries in West Africa (Ghana, Nigeria and Mali) and two in East Africa (Uganda and Tanzania). Version 01: Edited, anonymised dataset for public distribution Round 1 merged dataset, it comprises of survey datasets from 12 countries. conflict, security and peace [4.1] domestic political issues [4.2] government, political systems and organisations [4.4] mass political behaviour, attitudes/opinion [4.6] political ideology [4.7] business/industrial management and organisation [2.2] mass media [7.4] social exclusion [12.9] cultural activities and participation [13.2] cultural and national identity [13.3] religion and values [13.5] social behaviour and attitudes [13.6] social change [13.7] social conditions and indicators [13.8] The Afrobarometer is a comparative series of public attitude surveys that assess African citizen's attitudes to democracy and governance, markets, and civil society, among other topics. The 12 country datasetis a combined dataset for the 12 African countries surveyed during round 1 of the survey, conducted between 1999-2000 (Botswana, Ghana, Lesotho, Mali, Malawi, Namibia, Nigeria South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe), plus data from the old Southern African Democracy Barometer, and similar surveys done in West and East Africa. Botswana Ghana Lesotho Mali Malawi Namibia Nigeria Tanzania Uganda South Africa Zambia Zimbabwe The Round 1 Afrobarometer surveys have national coverage for the following countries: Botswana, Ghana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mali, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Individuals The sample universe for Afrobarometer surveys includes all citizens of voting age within the country. In other words, we exclude anyone who is not a citizen and anyone who has not attained this age (usually 18 years) on the day of the survey. Also excluded are areas determined to be either inaccessible or not relevant to the study, such as those experiencing armed conflict or natural disasters, as well as national parks and game reserves. As a matter of practice, we have also excluded people living in institutionalized settings, such as students in dormitories and persons in prisons or nursing homes. What to do about areas experiencing political unrest? On the one hand we want to include them because they are politically important. On the other hand, we want to avoid stretching out the fieldwork over many months while we wait for the situation to settle down. It was agreed at the 2002 Cape Town Planning Workshop that it is difficult to come up with a general rule that will fit all imaginable circumstances. We will therefore make judgments on a case-by-case basis on whether or not to proceed with fieldwork or to exclude or substitute areas of conflict. National Partners are requested to consult Core Partners on any major delays, exclusions or substitutions of this sort. Sample survey data [ssd] Each Afrobarometer survey collects data about individual attitudes and behavior, including innovative indicators especially relevant to developing societies. This includes the following topics: • Democracy - Popular understanding of, support for, and satisfaction with democracy, as well as any desire to return to, or experiment with, authoritarian alternatives. • Governance - The demand for, and satisfaction with, effective, accountable and clean government; judgments of overall governance perfomance and social service delivery. • Livelihoods - How do African families survive? What variety of formal and informal means do they use to gain access to food, shelter, water, health, employment and money? • Macro-economics and markets - Citizen understandings of market principles and market reforms and their assessments of economic conditions and government performance at economic management. • Social capital - Whom do people trust? To what extent do they rely on informal networks and associations? What are their evaluations of the trustworthiness of various institutions? • Conflict and crime - How safe do people feel? What has been their experience with crime and violence? • Participation - The extent to which ordinary people join in development efforts, comply with the laws of the land, vote in elections, contact elected representatives, and engage in protest. The quality of electoral representation. • National identity - How do people see themselves in relation to ethnic and class identities? Does a shared sense of national identity exist? Afrobarometer team Afrobarometer uses national probability samples designed to meet the following criteria. Samples are designed to generate a sample that is a representative cross-section of all citizens of voting age in a given country. The goal is to give every adult citizen an equal and known chance of being selected for an interview. They achieve this by: • using random selection methods at every stage of sampling; • sampling at all stages with probability proportionate to population size wherever possible to ensure that larger (i.e., more populated) geographic units have a proportionally greater probability of being chosen into the sample. The sampling universe normally includes all citizens age 18 and older. As a standard practice, we exclude people living in institutionalized settings, such as students in dormitories, patients in hospitals, and persons in prisons or nursing homes. Occasionally, we must also exclude people living in areas determined to be inaccessible due to conflict or insecurity. Any such exclusion is noted in the technical information report (TIR) that accompanies each data set. Sample size and design Samples usually include either 1,200 or 2,400 cases. A randomly selected sample of n=1200 cases allows inferences to national adult populations with a margin of sampling error of no more than +/-2.8% with a confidence level of 95 percent. With a sample size of n=2400, the margin of error decreases to +/-2.0% at 95 percent confidence level. The sample design is a clustered, stratified, multi-stage, area probability sample. Specifically, we first stratify the sample according to the main sub-national unit of government (state, province, region, etc.) and by urban or rural location. Area stratification reduces the likelihood that distinctive ethnic or language groups are left out of the sample. Afrobarometer occasionally purposely oversamples certain populations that are politically significant within a country to ensure that the size of the sub-sample is large enough to be analysed. Any oversamples is noted in the TIR. Sample stages Samples are drawn in either four or five stages: Stage 1: In rural areas only, the first stage is to draw secondary sampling units (SSUs). SSUs are not used in urban areas, and in some countries they are not used in rural areas. See the TIR that accompanies each data set for specific details on the sample in any given country. Stage 2: We randomly select primary sampling units (PSU). Stage 3: We then randomly select sampling start points. Stage 4: Interviewers then randomly select households. Stage 5: Within the household, the interviewer randomly selects an individual respondent. Each interviewer alternates in each household between interviewing a man and interviewing a woman to ensure gender balance in the sample. To keep the costs and logistics of fieldwork within manageable limits, eight interviews are clustered within each selected PSU. Data weights For some national surveys, data are weighted to correct for over or under-sampling or for household size. "Withinwt" should be turned on for all national -level descriptive statistics in countries that contain this weighting variable. It is included as the last variable in the data set, with details described in the codebook. For merged data sets, "Combinwt" should be turned on for cross-national comparisons of descriptive statistics. Note: this weighting variable standardizes each national sample as if it were equal in size. Further information on sampling protocols, including full details of the methodologies used for each stage of sample selection, can be found at https://afrobarometer.org/surveys-and-methods/sampling-principles Face-to-face [f2f] Because Afrobarometer Round 1 emerged out of several different survey research efforts, survey instruments were not standardized across all countries, there are a number of features of the questionnaires that should be noted, as follows: • In most cases, the data set only includes those questions/variables that were asked in nine or more countries. Complete Round 1 data sets for each individual country have already been released, and are available from ICPSR or from the Afrobarometer website at www.afrobarometer.org. • In the seven countries that originally formed the Southern Africa Barometer (SAB) - Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe - a standardized questionnaire was used, so question wording and response categories are the generally the same for all of these countries. The questionnaires in Mali and Tanzania were also essentially identical (in the original English version). Ghana, Uganda and Nigeria each had distinct questionnaires. • This merged dataset combines, into a single variable, responses from across these different countries where either identical or very similar questions were used, or where conceptually equivalent questions can be found in at least nine of the different countries. For each variable, the exact question text from each of the countries or groups of countries ("SAB" refers to the Southern Africa Barometer countries) is listed. • Response options also varied on some questions, and where applicable, these differences are also noted. Interviewers, usually holding a first degree in social science, were trained in a five-day training workshop immediately prior to fieldwork. Interviews usually took about one hour and only proceeded after respondents have given informed consent. Strict confidentiality was required in handling survey returns. Interviews are conducted in the following languages: Benin: French, Fon, Adja, Bariba, Dendi, Yoruba, Otamari, Peulh Botswana: English, Setswana Cape Verde: Creole, Portuguese Ghana: English, Akan, Ewe, Ga, Dagbani Kenya: English, Kiswahili, Kamba, Kikuyu, Kimeru, Kisii, Luhya, Luo, Somali, Turkana Lesotho: English, Sesotho Madagascar: Malagasy Ofisialy, Malagasy Fitenim-Paritra Malawi: English, Chichewa, Chiyao, Chitumbuka Mali: Frenchm Bambara, Sonrhaï, Tamasheq, Peuhl Mozambique: Portuguese, Emakhuwa, Xichangana, Cisena, Cinyanja, Echuwabu, Cinyungwe Namibia: English, Afrikaans, Oshiwambo Nigeria: English, Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo, Pidgin, Tiv, Ibibio, Ijaw Senegal: French, Wolof, Pulaar, Serer South Africa: Afrikaans, English, Xhosa, North Sotho, South Sotho, Setswana, Swazi, Shangaan, Zulu Tanzania: Kiswahili Uganda: English, Luganda, Lusoga, Luo, Ruyankole, Rutoro, Rukiga, Ateso, Lugbara Zambia: English, Chibemba, Chinyanja, Chitonga, Silozi Zimbabwe: English, Chishona, Sindebele Teams of four interviewers traveled together to the field under the leadership of a field supervisor. It was the supervisor's job to ensure quality control of survey returns on a daily basis.Interviews usually took about one hour and only proceeded after respondents have given informed consent. Strict confidentiality was required in handling survey returns. Note that for some surveys data is weighted to correct for either deliberate (e.g., to provide an adequate sample of specific sub-groups for analytical purposes) or inadvertent over- or under-sampling of particular sample strata. In these cases, a weighting variable is included as the last variable in the data set, with details described in the codebook. These weighting factors should be used when calculating all national-level statistics. Afrobarometer data are protected by copyright. Authors of any published work based on Afrobarometer data or papers are required to acknowledge the source, including, where applicable, citations to data sets posted on this website. Please acknowledge the copyright holders in all publications resulting from its use by means of bibliographic citation in this form: Afrobarometer Data, [Country(ies)], [Round(s)], [Year(s)], available at http://www.afrobarometer.org. Public use files, available to all The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses. merged_r1_data.sav Afrobarometer round 1 survey merged data. The data covered 12 African countries. 21531 144 Reference number Reference number Reference number Reference number Reference number 21531 1 21531 Respondent number Respondent number Respondent number Respondent number Respondent number 21531 Country Country Country Country Country 21531 1 12 1 Botswana 2 Ghana 3 Lesotho 4 Malawi 5 Mali 6 Namibia 7 Nigeria 8 South Africa 9 Tanzania 10 Uganda 11 Zambia 12 Zimbabwe Identity Identity Identity Identity Identity 21531 99 Don't know/can't explain 1 Language/Tribe/Ethnic 2 Race 3 Region 4 Religion 5 Occupation 6 Class 7 Gender 8 Individual/personal 9 Other 10 Won't differentiate 11 Pro-Movement 12 Traditional Leader 13 Party Affiliation 14 Age-related response 15 Continental 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing suppdemo/Support for democracy suppdemo/Support for democracy suppdemo/Support for democracy suppdemo/Support for democracy suppdemo/Support for democracy 21531 1 99 1 Democracy is preferable to any other form of government 2 To people like me, it doesn't matter what form of government 3 In certain situations, a non-democratic government can be pr 4 Don't know 97 Not applicable 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing prevsyst/Previous System prevsyst/Previous System prevsyst/Previous System prevsyst/Previous System prevsyst/Previous System 21531 99 0.5 1 1 2 2 3 3 3.5 4 4 4.5 5 5 6 6 6.5 7 7 7.5 8 8 9 9 9.5 10 10 96 Don't Know 98 Refused to Answer 99 Missing Data elecsyst/Elections and parties/Rating of current government elecsyst/Elections and parties/Rating of current government elecsyst/Elections and parties/Rating of current government elecsyst/Elections and parties/Rating of current government elecsyst/Elections and parties/Rating of current government 21531 99 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 4.5 5 5 6 6 7 7 7.5 8 8 9 9 9.5 10 10 96 Don't know 98 Refused to Answer 99 Missing Data futsyst/Future system futsyst/Future system futsyst/Future system futsyst/Future system futsyst/Future system 21531 99 0.5 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 4.5 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 10 96 Don't know 98 Refused to Answer 99 Missing Data oneprule/One political party oneprule/One political party oneprule/One political party oneprule/One political party oneprule/One political party 21531 1 99 1 Strongly disapprove/disagree 2 Disapprove/Disagree 3 Neither approve nor disapprove 4 Approve/Agree 5 Strongly approve/Agree 6 Don't know 98 Refused 99 Missing data tradrule/Traditional system of gov. by kings and chiefs tradrule/Traditional system of gov. by kings and chiefs tradrule/Traditional system of gov. by kings and chiefs tradrule/Traditional system of gov. by kings and chiefs tradrule/Traditional system of gov. by kings and chiefs 21531 1 99 1 Strongly disapprove/disagree 2 Disapprove/Disagree 3 Neither approve nor disapprove 4 Approve/Agree 5 Strongly approve/Agree 6 Don't know 98 Refused 99 Missing data milirule/Army come in milirule/Army come in milirule/Army come in milirule/Army come in milirule/Army come in 21531 1 99 1 Strongly disapprove/disagree 2 Disapprove/Disagree 3 Neither approve nor disapprove 4 Approve/Agree 5 Strongly approve/Agree 6 Don't know 98 Refused 99 Missing data presdeci/President could decide everything? presdeci/President could decide everything? presdeci/President could decide everything? presdeci/President could decide everything? presdeci/President could decide everything? 21531 1 99 1 Strongly disapprove/disagree 2 Disapprove/Disagree 3 Neither approve nor disapprove 4 Approve/Agree 5 Strongly approve/agree 6 Don't know 98 Refused 99 Missing data exptrule/Government by experts exptrule/Government by experts exptrule/Government by experts exptrule/Government by experts exptrule/Government by experts 21531 1 99 1 Strongly disapprove/disagree 2 Disapprove/Disagree 3 Neither approve nor disapprove 4 Approve/Agree 5 Strongly approve/Agree 6 Don't know 98 Refused 99 Missing data extndemo/Is this country a democracy? extndemo/Is this country a democracy? extndemo/Is this country a democracy? extndemo/Is this country a democracy? extndemo/Is this country a democracy? 21531 99 Not a democracy 1 Major problems, but still a democracy 2 Minor problems, but still a democracy 3 Full democracy/completely democratic 4 yes, this country is a democracy 9 Don't know/Don't understand question 97 Not applicable 98 refused to answer 99 Missing data satisdem/Satisfaction with democracy satisdem/Satisfaction with democracy satisdem/Satisfaction with democracy satisdem/Satisfaction with democracy satisdem/Satisfaction with democracy 21531 99 This country is not a democracy 1 Very dissatisfied 2 Somewhat dissatisfied 3 Neutral 4 Somewhat satisfied 5 Very satisfied 9 Don't know 97 Not applicable 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing data votematt/Not get any better if vote? votematt/Not get any better if vote? votematt/Not get any better if vote? votematt/Not get any better if vote? votematt/Not get any better if vote? 21531 1 99 1 A, Strongly 2 A, Somewhat 3 B, Somewhat 4 B, Strongly 5 Do not agree with either 9 Don't know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing data caresay/Have to be careful what you do and say with regards to polit caresay/Have to be careful what you do and say with regards to polit caresay/Have to be careful what you do and say with regards to polit caresay/Have to be careful what you do and say with regards to polit caresay/Have to be careful what you do and say with regards to polit 21531 1 99 1 Strongly agree 2 Agree 3 Neither agree nor disagree 4 Disagree 5 Strongly disagree 6 Don't know 98 Refused 99 Missing data donews/Shut newspapers donews/Shut newspapers donews/Shut newspapers donews/Shut newspapers donews/Shut newspapers 21531 99 Do nothing 1 Do something 6 This is not possible in this country 8 Support the government 9 Don't Know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing data dojudges/Dismiss judges dojudges/Dismiss judges dojudges/Dismiss judges dojudges/Dismiss judges dojudges/Dismiss judges 21531 99 Do nothing 1 Do something 6 This is not possible in this country 8 Support the government 9 Don't Know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing data doelecs/Cancel elections/and suspend the parliament doelecs/Cancel elections/and suspend the parliament doelecs/Cancel elections/and suspend the parliament doelecs/Cancel elections/and suspend the parliament doelecs/Cancel elections/and suspend the parliament 21531 99 Do nothing 1 Do something 6 This is not possible in this country 8 Support the government 9 Don't Know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing data markpric/Market pricing? markpric/Market pricing? markpric/Market pricing? markpric/Market pricing? markpric/Market pricing? 21531 1 99 1 A, Strongly 2 A, Somewhat 3 B, Somewhat 4 B, Strongly 5 Do not agree with either 9 Don't know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing data schlfees/School fees?/Health fees? schlfees/School fees?/Health fees? schlfees/School fees?/Health fees? schlfees/School fees?/Health fees? schlfees/School fees?/Health fees? 21531 1 99 1 Free : Agree strongly 2 Free medicine better : Agree somewhat 3 Improved: Agree somewhat 4 Improved health better: Agree strongly 5 Do not agree with either 9 Don't know 98 Refused 99 Missing data csjobs/Civil servants jobs? csjobs/Civil servants jobs? csjobs/Civil servants jobs? csjobs/Civil servants jobs? csjobs/Civil servants jobs? 21531 1 99 1 A, Strongly 2 A, Somewhat 3 B, Somewhat 4 B, Strongly 5 Do not agree with either 9 Don't know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing data privatiz/Privatize government enterprises? privatiz/Privatize government enterprises? privatiz/Privatize government enterprises? privatiz/Privatize government enterprises? privatiz/Privatize government enterprises? 21531 1 99 1 A, Strongly 2 A, Somewhat 3 B, Somewhat 4 B, Strongly 5 Do not agree with either 9 Don't know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing data knowsap/Heard about SAP? knowsap/Heard about SAP? knowsap/Heard about SAP? knowsap/Heard about SAP? knowsap/Heard about SAP? 21531 99 No 1 Yes 3 Don't Know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing data helphurt/Minority have suffered? helphurt/Minority have suffered? helphurt/Minority have suffered? helphurt/Minority have suffered? helphurt/Minority have suffered? 21531 1 99 1 A, Strongly 2 A, Somewhat 3 B, Somewhat 4 B, Strongly 5 Do Not Agree with Either 9 Don't know 97 Not Applicable 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing data satissap/Satisfied SAP/SAP's effect on your life satissap/Satisfied SAP/SAP's effect on your life satissap/Satisfied SAP/SAP's effect on your life satissap/Satisfied SAP/SAP's effect on your life satissap/Satisfied SAP/SAP's effect on your life 21531 1 99 1 Very unsatisfied/ A lot worse 2 Unsatisfied/Worse 3 Neutral/No effect 4 Satisfied/Better 5 Very satisfied/ A lot better 9 Don't know 97 Not Applicable 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing data Occupation Occupation Occupation Occupation Occupation 21531 99 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 41 34 42 35 44 36 45 37 46 38 47 39 48 40 49 41 50 42 51 43 52 44 53 45 54 46 55 47 56 48 59 49 60 50 61 51 95 52 98 53 99 54 Gender Gender Gender Gender Gender 21531 1 99 1 Male 2 Female 99 Age Age Age Age Age 21531 999 Don't know 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 97 98 99 100 101 Refused to answer 999 Missing Data Education Education Education Education Education 21531 99 No formal schooling 1 Primary only 2 Secondary 3 Post-secondary 10 Don't know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing data Unemployed Unemployed Unemployed Unemployed Unemployed 21531 99 No 1 Yes 2 Don't know/Don't Remember 98 Refused to Answer 99 Missing data Urban or Rural Urban or Rural Urban or Rural Urban or Rural Urban or Rural 21531 1 99 1 Urban 2 Rural 9 Can't Determine 99 Missing data radnews/Radio news radnews/Radio news radnews/Radio news radnews/Radio news radnews/Radio news 21531 99 Never 1 Less than once a month 2 About once a month 3 About once a week/few times a month 4 Several times a week/a few times a week 5 Every day 9 Don't know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing data tvnews/TV news tvnews/TV news tvnews/TV news tvnews/TV news tvnews/TV news 21531 99 Never 1 Less than once a month 2 About once a month 3 About once a week/few times a month 4 Several times a week/a few times a week 5 Every day 9 Don't know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing data newspap/Newspapers newspap/Newspapers newspap/Newspapers newspap/Newspapers newspap/Newspapers 21531 99 Never 1 Less than once a month 2 About once a month 3 About once a week/few times a month 4 Several times a week/a few times a week 5 Every day 9 Don't know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing data wofood/Without food wofood/Without food wofood/Without food wofood/Without food wofood/Without food 21531 99 never 1 occasionally//sometimes/rarely 2 frequently/often 3 always 5 Don't know 99 missing data wowater/Without Water wowater/Without Water wowater/Without Water wowater/Without Water wowater/Without Water 21531 99 never 1 occasionally//sometimes/rarely 2 frequently/often 3 always 5 Don't know 99 missing data wohealth/Without healthcare wohealth/Without healthcare wohealth/Without healthcare wohealth/Without healthcare wohealth/Without healthcare 21531 99 never 1 occasionally//sometimes/rarely 2 frequently/often 3 always 5 Don't know 99 missing data woelecty/how often have you gone without electricity in your home? woelecty/how often have you gone without electricity in your home? woelecty/how often have you gone without electricity in your home? woelecty/how often have you gone without electricity in your home? woelecty/how often have you gone without electricity in your home? 21531 99 Never 1 Occasionally/Sometimes/Rarely 2 Frequently/Often 3 Always/Not Applicable (No Electricity) 5 Don't know 98 Refused 99 Missing Data wocash/How often have you gone without a cash income? wocash/How often have you gone without a cash income? wocash/How often have you gone without a cash income? wocash/How often have you gone without a cash income? wocash/How often have you gone without a cash income? 21531 99 Never 1 Occasionally/Sometimes/Rarely 2 Frequently/Often 3 Always 5 Don't know 98 Refused 99 Missing tired/Routine affected by tired tired/Routine affected by tired tired/Routine affected by tired tired/Routine affected by tired tired/Routine affected by tired 21531 99 Not at all/Never 1 A little/Sometimes 2 A lot/Often 3 Rarely 5 Don't know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing data knowaids/do you know of a close friend or relative who died of AIDS? knowaids/do you know of a close friend or relative who died of AIDS? knowaids/do you know of a close friend or relative who died of AIDS? knowaids/do you know of a close friend or relative who died of AIDS? knowaids/do you know of a close friend or relative who died of AIDS? 21531 1 99 1 Yes 2 No 3 Will not say 4 Don't know 98 Refused 99 Missing meandemo/Meaning of democracy meandemo/Meaning of democracy meandemo/Meaning of democracy meandemo/Meaning of democracy meandemo/Meaning of democracy 21531 101 Don't know,etc. (incl. missing, no further answer) 1 Civil liberties/personal freedoms 2 Voting/electoral choice/multiparty competition 3 Social/economic development 4 Govt by the people/of the people/for the people 5 Peace/unity 6 Governance/effectiveness/accountability/ transparency 7 Equality/justice 8 Rule of law 9 Personal security 10 National independence 11 Majority rule 12 Group rights/freedoms 13 Power-sharing/unity of govt 14 Govt. to provide civic education 15 Movement/Musevini 19 Other positive meanings 20 Conflict/confusion 21 Corruption/abuse of power 22 Social/economic hardship 23 govt of the rich 24 Bad/poor govt/weak implementation 25 colonialism,foreign concept/domination 29 Other negative meanings 30 Mutual Respect 31 People Self-determination 32 Work Together 33 Mutual Understanding 80 Nothing/democracy is meaningless 91 Civilian politics/govt 92 Change of govt/leadership/laws 95 Other null/neutral meanings 98 Refused/won't explain 101 Other meandem2/Meaning of democracy meandem2/Meaning of democracy meandem2/Meaning of democracy meandem2/Meaning of democracy meandem2/Meaning of democracy 21531 101 Don't know, etc. (incl. missing, no further answer) 1 Civil liberties/personal freedoms 2 Voting/electoral choice/multiparty competition 3 Social/economic development 4 Govt by the people/of the people/for the people 5 Peace/unity 6 Governance/effectiveness/accountability/ transparency 7 Equality/justice 8 Rule of law 9 Personal security 10 National independence 11 Majority rule 12 Group rights/freedoms 13 Power-sharing/unity of govt 14 Govt. to provide civic education 15 Movement/Musevini 19 Other positive meanings 20 Conflict/confusion 21 Corruption/abuse of power 22 Social/economic hardship 23 govt of the rich 24 Bad/poor govt/weak implementation 25 colonialism,foreign concept/domination 29 Other negative meanings 30 Mutual Respect 31 People Self-determination 32 Work Together 33 Mutual Understanding 80 Nothing/Democracy is meaningless 91 Civilian politics/govt 92 Change of govt/leadership/laws 95 Other null/neutral meanings 98 Refused/won't explain 101 Other meandem3/Meaning of democracy meandem3/Meaning of democracy meandem3/Meaning of democracy meandem3/Meaning of democracy meandem3/Meaning of democracy 21531 101 Don't know, etc. (incl. missing, no further answer) 1 Civil liberties/personal freedoms 2 Voting/electoral choice/multiparty competition 3 Social/economic development 4 Govt by the people/of the people/for the people 5 Peace/unity 6 Governance/effectiveness/accountability/ transparency 7 Equality/justice 8 Rule of law 9 Personal security 10 National independence 11 Majority rule 12 Group rights/freedoms 13 Power-sharing/unity of govt 14 Govt. to provide civic education 15 Movement/Musevini 19 Other positive meanings 20 Conflict/confusion 21 Corruption/abuse of power 22 Social/economic hardship 23 govt of the rich 24 Bad/poor govt/weak implementation 25 colonialism,foreign concept/domination 29 Other negative meanings 30 Mutual Respect 31 People Self-determination 32 Work Together 33 Mutual Understanding 80 Nothing/democracy is meaningless 91 Civilian politics/govt 92 Change of govt/leadership/laws 95 Other null/neutral meanings 98 Refused/won't explain 101 Other meanmaj/democratic society and majority rule? meanmaj/democratic society and majority rule? meanmaj/democratic society and majority rule? meanmaj/democratic society and majority rule? meanmaj/democratic society and majority rule? 21531 1 99 1 Very important/Absolutely essential 2 Important 3 Not very important 4 Not important at all 9 Don't know 98 Refused 99 Missing data meanfree/Democratic society and freedom to criticise the govt? meanfree/Democratic society and freedom to criticise the govt? meanfree/Democratic society and freedom to criticise the govt? meanfree/Democratic society and freedom to criticise the govt? meanfree/Democratic society and freedom to criticise the govt? 21531 1 99 1 Very important/Absolutely essential 2 Important 3 Not very important 4 Not important at all 9 Don't know 98 Refused 99 Missing data meanelec/democratic society and regular elections? meanelec/democratic society and regular elections? meanelec/democratic society and regular elections? meanelec/democratic society and regular elections? meanelec/democratic society and regular elections? 21531 1 99 1 Very important/Absolutely essential 2 Important 3 Not very important 4 Not important at all 9 Don't know 98 Refused 99 Missing data meanprty/Democratic society and at least 2 parties competing? meanprty/Democratic society and at least 2 parties competing? meanprty/Democratic society and at least 2 parties competing? meanprty/Democratic society and at least 2 parties competing? meanprty/Democratic society and at least 2 parties competing? 21531 1 99 1 Very important/Absolutely essential 2 Important 3 Not very important 4 Not important at all 9 Don't know 98 Refused 99 Missing data meanbasc/democratic society and basic necessities? meanbasc/democratic society and basic necessities? meanbasc/democratic society and basic necessities? meanbasc/democratic society and basic necessities? meanbasc/democratic society and basic necessities? 21531 1 99 1 Very important/Absolutely essential 2 Important 3 Not very important 4 Not important at all 9 Don't know 98 Refused 99 Missing data meanjobs/Democratic society and jobs for everyone? meanjobs/Democratic society and jobs for everyone? meanjobs/Democratic society and jobs for everyone? meanjobs/Democratic society and jobs for everyone? meanjobs/Democratic society and jobs for everyone? 21531 1 99 1 Very important/Absolutely essential 2 Important 3 Not very important 4 Not important at all 9 Don't know 98 Refused 99 Missing data meaneduc/democratic society and equal education? meaneduc/democratic society and equal education? meaneduc/democratic society and equal education? meaneduc/democratic society and equal education? meaneduc/democratic society and equal education? 21531 1 99 1 Very important/Absolutely essential 2 Important 3 Not very important 4 Not important at all 9 Don't know 98 Refused 99 Missing data meaneqal/Democratic society and small income gap between rich and poo meaneqal/Democratic society and small income gap between rich and poo meaneqal/Democratic society and small income gap between rich and poo meaneqal/Democratic society and small income gap between rich and poo meaneqal/Democratic society and small income gap between rich and poo 21531 1 99 1 Very important/Absolutely essential 2 Important 3 Not very important 4 Not important at all 9 Don't know 98 Refused 99 Missing data respwell/Responsible for well being? respwell/Responsible for well being? respwell/Responsible for well being? respwell/Responsible for well being? respwell/Responsible for well being? 21531 1 99 1 A, Strongly 2 A, Somewhat 3 B, Somewhat 4 B, Strongly 5 Do not agree with either 9 Don't know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing data respjob/Responsible providing employment? respjob/Responsible providing employment? respjob/Responsible providing employment? respjob/Responsible providing employment? respjob/Responsible providing employment? 21531 1 99 1 A, Strongly 2 A, Somewhat 3 B, Somewhat 4 B, Strongly 5 Do not agree with either 9 Don't know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing data freeearn/Free to earn? freeearn/Free to earn? freeearn/Free to earn? freeearn/Free to earn? freeearn/Free to earn? 21531 1 99 1 A, Strongly 2 A, Somewhat 3 B, Somewhat 4 B, Strongly 5 Do not agree with either 9 Don't know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing data startbus/Start new business? startbus/Start new business? startbus/Start new business? startbus/Start new business? startbus/Start new business? 21531 1 99 1 A, Strongly 2 A, Somewhat 3 B, Somewhat 4 B, Strongly 5 Do not agree with either 9 Don't know 99 resphous/Building house resphous/Building house resphous/Building house resphous/Building house resphous/Building house 21531 1 99 1 Government 2 Private Companies 3 Individuals 4 Combination 8 Don't Know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing Data respcrdt/Agricultural credit respcrdt/Agricultural credit respcrdt/Agricultural credit respcrdt/Agricultural credit respcrdt/Agricultural credit 21531 1 99 1 Government 2 Private Companies 3 Individuals 4 Combination 8 Don't Know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing Data respprim/Producing and marketing primary commodity respprim/Producing and marketing primary commodity respprim/Producing and marketing primary commodity respprim/Producing and marketing primary commodity respprim/Producing and marketing primary commodity 21531 1 99 1 Government 2 Private Companies 3 Individuals 4 Combination 8 Don't Know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing Data respscho/Providing school/clinics respscho/Providing school/clinics respscho/Providing school/clinics respscho/Providing school/clinics respscho/Providing school/clinics 21531 1 99 1 Government 2 Private Companies 3 Individuals 4 Combination 8 Don't Know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing Data respjobs/Creating jobs respjobs/Creating jobs respjobs/Creating jobs respjobs/Creating jobs respjobs/Creating jobs 21531 1 99 1 Government 2 Private Companies 3 Individuals 4 Combination 8 Don't Know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing Data respcrim/Reducing crime respcrim/Reducing crime respcrim/Reducing crime respcrim/Reducing crime respcrim/Reducing crime 21531 1 99 1 Government 2 Private Companies 3 Individuals 4 Combination 8 Don't Know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing Data trustgen/Trust generally trustgen/Trust generally trustgen/Trust generally trustgen/Trust generally trustgen/Trust generally 21531 1 99 1 Most people can be trusted 2 You must be very careful 9 Don't know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing data intrpols/Interested in politics/follow what happens in govt and public affairs intrpols/Interested in politics/follow what happens in govt and public affairs intrpols/Interested in politics/follow what happens in govt and public affairs intrpols/Interested in politics/follow what happens in govt and public affairs intrpols/Interested in politics/follow what happens in govt and public affairs 21531 1 99 1 Very interested/Always/most of the time 2 Somewhat interested/Some of the time 3 Now and then 4 Not interested/Hardly 5 Don't know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing data dscspols/Discuss politics dscspols/Discuss politics dscspols/Discuss politics dscspols/Discuss politics dscspols/Discuss politics 21531 99 never 1 sometimes 2 Often 9 Don't know 98 Refused 99 Missing data undergov/Understand government? undergov/Understand government? undergov/Understand government? undergov/Understand government? undergov/Understand government? 21531 1 99 1 A, Strongly/Strongly agree 2 A, Somewhat/Agree 3 B, Somewhat/Disagree 4 B, Strongly/Strongly Disagree 5 Do not agree with either/Neither agree nor disagree 9 Don't know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing data nmcllr/Name local government representative nmcllr/Name local government representative nmcllr/Name local government representative nmcllr/Name local government representative nmcllr/Name local government representative 21531 99 Incorrect 1 Correct 5 Could not determine 9 Don't know 97 Not Applicable 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing data nmmp/Name Legislative representative nmmp/Name Legislative representative nmmp/Name Legislative representative nmmp/Name Legislative representative nmmp/Name Legislative representative 21531 99 Incorrect 1 Correct 5 Could not determine 9 Don't know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing data nmminfin/Name Finance Minister nmminfin/Name Finance Minister nmminfin/Name Finance Minister nmminfin/Name Finance Minister nmminfin/Name Finance Minister 21531 99 Incorrect 1 Correct 5 Could not determine 9 Don't know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing data nmvpres/Name Vice-President nmvpres/Name Vice-President nmvpres/Name Vice-President nmvpres/Name Vice-President nmvpres/Name Vice-President 21531 99 Incorrect 1 Correct 5 Could not determine 9 Don't know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing data citproud/Proud of country citizenship citproud/Proud of country citizenship citproud/Proud of country citizenship citproud/Proud of country citizenship citproud/Proud of country citizenship 21531 1 99 1 Strongly disagree 2 Disagree 3 Neither agree nor disagree 4 Agree 5 Strongly agree 9 Don't know 98 Refused 99 Missing data citchild/Children should think of themselves as national citizens citchild/Children should think of themselves as national citizens citchild/Children should think of themselves as national citizens citchild/Children should think of themselves as national citizens citchild/Children should think of themselves as national citizens 21531 1 99 1 Strongly disagree 2 Disagree 3 Neither agree nor disagree 4 Agree 5 Strongly agree 9 Don't know 98 Refused 99 Missing data ideproud/Feel proud to be part of identity group ideproud/Feel proud to be part of identity group ideproud/Feel proud to be part of identity group ideproud/Feel proud to be part of identity group ideproud/Feel proud to be part of identity group 21531 1 99 1 Strongly disagree 2 Disagree 3 Neither agree nor disagree 4 Agree 5 Strongly agree 9 Don't know 98 Refused 99 Missing data idechild/Want children to think of themselves as part of identity group idechild/Want children to think of themselves as part of identity group idechild/Want children to think of themselves as part of identity group idechild/Want children to think of themselves as part of identity group idechild/Want children to think of themselves as part of identity group 21531 1 99 1 Strongly disagree 2 Disagree 3 Neither agree nor disagree 4 Agree 5 Strongly agree 9 Don't know 98 Refused 99 Missing data idebest/People belonging to this identity group are the best idebest/People belonging to this identity group are the best idebest/People belonging to this identity group are the best idebest/People belonging to this identity group are the best idebest/People belonging to this identity group are the best 21531 1 99 1 Strongly disagree 2 Disagree 3 Neither agree nor disagree 4 Agree 5 Strongly agree 9 Don't know 98 Refused 99 Missing data ideties/Stronger ties to group than to other national citizens ideties/Stronger ties to group than to other national citizens ideties/Stronger ties to group than to other national citizens ideties/Stronger ties to group than to other national citizens ideties/Stronger ties to group than to other national citizens 21531 1 99 1 Strongly disagree 2 Disagree 3 Neither agree nor disagree 4 Agree 5 Strongly agree 9 Don't know 98 Refused 99 Missing data adeqliv/Adequate living standard adeqliv/Adequate living standard adeqliv/Adequate living standard adeqliv/Adequate living standard adeqliv/Adequate living standard 21531 1 99 1 Much worse 2 Worse/somewhat worse 3 About the same/no change 4 Better/somewhat better 5 Much better 6 Don't know 98 Refused 99 Missing data handjobs/Handling jobs handjobs/Handling jobs handjobs/Handling jobs handjobs/Handling jobs handjobs/Handling jobs 21531 1 99 1 Very badly/Not at all well 2 Quite badly/Not very well 3 Fairly well 4 Very well 9 Don't know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing Data handpric/Handling prices handpric/Handling prices handpric/Handling prices handpric/Handling prices handpric/Handling prices 21531 1 99 1 Very badly/Not at all well 2 Quite badly/Not very well 3 Fairly well 4 Very well 9 Don't know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing Data handgap/Handling gaps handgap/Handling gaps handgap/Handling gaps handgap/Handling gaps handgap/Handling gaps 21531 1 99 1 Very badly/Not at all well 2 Quite badly/Not very well 3 Fairly well 4 Very well 9 Don't know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing Data econcond/Satisfied national economy econcond/Satisfied national economy econcond/Satisfied national economy econcond/Satisfied national economy econcond/Satisfied national economy 21531 1 99 1 Not at all satisfied/Very dissatisfied 2 Not very satisfied/Dissatisfied 3 Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied 4 Fairly satisfied/Satisfied 5 Very satisfied 6 Don't know 99 Missing data satpast/Past economic satisfaction, since 1 year ago (EW egocentric, SAB sociotropic) satpast/Past economic satisfaction, since 1 year ago (EW egocentric, SAB sociotropic) satpast/Past economic satisfaction, since 1 year ago (EW egocentric, SAB sociotropic) satpast/Past economic satisfaction, since 1 year ago (EW egocentric, SAB sociotropic) satpast/Past economic satisfaction, since 1 year ago (EW egocentric, SAB sociotropic) 21531 1 99 1 much less satisfied 2 slightly less satisfied 3 about the same 4 slightly more satisfied 5 much more satisfied 9 Don't know 98 Refused 99 Missing Data satfut/life's prospects/country economic conditions in one year satfut/life's prospects/country economic conditions in one year satfut/life's prospects/country economic conditions in one year satfut/life's prospects/country economic conditions in one year satfut/life's prospects/country economic conditions in one year 21531 1 99 1 much less satisfied/much worse 2 slightly less satisfied/Worse 3 about the same 4 slightly more satisfied/Better 5 Much more satified/Much better 9 Don't know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing Data livecond/Conditions better/worse livecond/Conditions better/worse livecond/Conditions better/worse livecond/Conditions better/worse livecond/Conditions better/worse 21531 1 99 1 Much worse 2 Worse 3 About the same 4 Better 5 Much better 9 Don't know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing Data ideconds/Identity group economic conditions compared to others ideconds/Identity group economic conditions compared to others ideconds/Identity group economic conditions compared to others ideconds/Identity group economic conditions compared to others ideconds/Identity group economic conditions compared to others 21531 1 99 1 Much worse 2 Worse 3 About the same 4 Better 5 Much better 9 Don't know 98 Refused 99 Missing data freesay/Free to say freesay/Free to say freesay/Free to say freesay/Free to say freesay/Free to say 21531 1 99 1 Much worse 2 Worse/somewhat worse 3 About the same/no change 4 Better/somewhat better 5 Much better 6 Don't know 98 Refused 99 Missing data freejoin/Join any organization freejoin/Join any organization freejoin/Join any organization freejoin/Join any organization freejoin/Join any organization 21531 1 99 1 Much worse 2 Worse/somewhat worse 3 About the same/no change 4 Better/somewhat better 5 Much better 6 Don't know 98 Refused 99 Missing data freechse/Free to choose freechse/Free to choose freechse/Free to choose freechse/Free to choose freechse/Free to choose 21531 1 99 1 Much worse 2 Worse/somewhat worse 3 About the same/no change 4 Better/somewhat better 5 Much better 6 Don't know 98 Refused 99 Missing data equaltrt/Treated equally equaltrt/Treated equally equaltrt/Treated equally equaltrt/Treated equally equaltrt/Treated equally 21531 1 99 1 Much worse 2 Worse/somewhat worse 3 About the same/no change 4 Better/somewhat better 5 Much better 6 Don't know 98 Refused 99 Missing data elhonest/Elections honest elhonest/Elections honest elhonest/Elections honest elhonest/Elections honest elhonest/Elections honest 21531 1 99 1 Very dishonestly/Not free & fair 2 Somewhat dishonestly/Free & fair with major problems 3 Quite honestly/Free & fair with minor problems 4 Very honestly/Completely free & fair 9 Don't know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing data citequal/All treated as equal citizens citequal/All treated as equal citizens citequal/All treated as equal citizens citequal/All treated as equal citizens citequal/All treated as equal citizens 21531 1 99 1 Strongly disagree 2 Disagree 3 Neither agree nor disagree 4 Agree 5 Strongly agree 9 Don't know 98 Refused 99 Missing data idenfair/Identity treated fairly idenfair/Identity treated fairly idenfair/Identity treated fairly idenfair/Identity treated fairly idenfair/Identity treated fairly 21531 1 99 1 Always 2 To a large extent 3 To some extent 4 Hardly at all 5 Never 9 Don't know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing Data allgrps/Govt represents interests of all citizens or of just one group? allgrps/Govt represents interests of all citizens or of just one group? allgrps/Govt represents interests of all citizens or of just one group? allgrps/Govt represents interests of all citizens or of just one group? allgrps/Govt represents interests of all citizens or of just one group? 21531 1 99 1 One group only 2 Just a few groups 3 All citizens 9 Don't know 98 Refused 99 Missing data whchgrp/Which group's interest is mostly represented by govt.? whchgrp/Which group's interest is mostly represented by govt.? whchgrp/Which group's interest is mostly represented by govt.? whchgrp/Which group's interest is mostly represented by govt.? whchgrp/Which group's interest is mostly represented by govt.? 21531 1 999 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 69 68 70 69 71 70 72 71 73 72 74 73 75 74 76 75 77 76 78 77 79 78 80 79 81 80 82 81 83 82 84 83 85 84 86 85 87 86 88 87 89 88 90 89 91 90 92 91 93 92 94 93 95 94 96 95 100 96 101 97 102 98 103 99 104 100 105 101 106 102 107 103 108 104 109 105 110 106 111 107 112 108 113 109 114 110 115 111 116 112 117 113 118 114 119 115 120 116 121 117 122 118 123 119 124 120 125 121 126 122 127 123 151 124 152 125 153 126 154 127 155 128 156 129 157 130 158 131 159 132 160 133 161 134 162 135 163 136 164 137 165 138 166 139 167 140 168 141 169 142 170 143 171 144 172 145 173 146 174 147 175 148 176 149 177 150 178 151 179 152 180 153 181 154 182 155 183 156 184 157 185 158 186 159 187 160 188 161 189 162 190 163 191 164 192 165 193 166 194 167 195 168 196 169 197 170 997 171 998 172 999 173 handcrim/Handling crime handcrim/Handling crime handcrim/Handling crime handcrim/Handling crime handcrim/Handling crime 21531 1 99 1 Very badly/Not at all well 2 Quite badly/Not very well 3 Fairly well 4 Very well 9 Don't know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing Data safepast/Safety five years ago safepast/Safety five years ago safepast/Safety five years ago safepast/Safety five years ago safepast/Safety five years ago 21531 1 99 1 Much less safe/Much worse 2 Somewhat less safe/Worse 3 About the same 4 Somewhat more safe/Better 5 Much more safe/Much better 6 Don't know 98 Refused to anser 99 Missing data handcorr/Handling corruption handcorr/Handling corruption handcorr/Handling corruption handcorr/Handling corruption handcorr/Handling corruption 21531 1 99 1 Very badly/Not at all well 2 Quite badly/Not very well 3 Fairly well 4 Very well 9 Don't know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing Data corrupti/Bribery not common/How many involved in corruption? corrupti/Bribery not common/How many involved in corruption? corrupti/Bribery not common/How many involved in corruption? corrupti/Bribery not common/How many involved in corruption? corrupti/Bribery not common/How many involved in corruption? 21531 1 99 1 Strongly disagree/Almost all 2 Disagree/most/a lot 3 Agree/a few/some 4 Strongly agree/Almost none 5 Haven't heard enough 9 Don't know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing data correlec/corruption among elected leaders correlec/corruption among elected leaders correlec/corruption among elected leaders correlec/corruption among elected leaders correlec/corruption among elected leaders 21531 1 99 1 Very common/Almost all 2 Fairly common/Most/ a lot 3 Fairly rare/A few/some 4 Very rare/Almost none 9 Don't know 98 Refused 99 Missing data corrserv/corruption among civil servants corrserv/corruption among civil servants corrserv/corruption among civil servants corrserv/corruption among civil servants corrserv/corruption among civil servants 21531 1 99 1 Very common/Almost all 2 Fairly common/Most/ a lot 3 Fairly rare/A few/some 4 Very rare/Almost none 9 Don't know 98 Refused 99 Missing data corrwrse/Corruption worse under old military gov. corrwrse/Corruption worse under old military gov. corrwrse/Corruption worse under old military gov. corrwrse/Corruption worse under old military gov. corrwrse/Corruption worse under old military gov. 21531 1 99 1 Strongly disagree/Much more 2 Disagree/More 3 Agree/Less 4 Strongly agree/Much less 5 About the same 9 Don't know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing data trpres/Trust the president to do what is right? trpres/Trust the president to do what is right? trpres/Trust the president to do what is right? trpres/Trust the president to do what is right? trpres/Trust the president to do what is right? 21531 1 99 1 I do not trust them at all/Never 2 I distrust them somewhat/Sometimes 3 I trust them somewhat/Most times 4 I trust them a lot/Always 9 Don't know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing data trpolice/Trust police trpolice/Trust police trpolice/Trust police trpolice/Trust police trpolice/Trust police 21531 1 99 1 I do not trust them at all/Never 2 I distrust them somewhat/Sometimes 3 I trust them somewhat/Most times 4 I trust them a lot/Always 9 Don't know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing data trcourts/Trust courts of law trcourts/Trust courts of law trcourts/Trust courts of law trcourts/Trust courts of law trcourts/Trust courts of law 21531 1 99 1 I do not trust them at all/Never 2 I distrust them somewhat/Sometimes 3 I trust them somewhat/Most times 4 I trust them a lot/Always 9 Don't know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing data trarmy/Trust army trarmy/Trust army trarmy/Trust army trarmy/Trust army trarmy/Trust army 21531 1 99 1 I do not trust them at all/Never 2 I distrust them somewhat/Sometimes 3 I trust them somewhat/Most times 4 I trust them a lot/Always 9 Don't know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing data trelcco/Trust electoral commission trelcco/Trust electoral commission trelcco/Trust electoral commission trelcco/Trust electoral commission trelcco/Trust electoral commission 21531 1 99 1 I do not trust them at all/Never 2 I distrust them somewhat/Sometimes 3 I trust them somewhat/Most times 4 I trust them a lot/Always 9 Don't know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing data trbroad/Trust national broadcasting trbroad/Trust national broadcasting trbroad/Trust national broadcasting trbroad/Trust national broadcasting trbroad/Trust national broadcasting 21531 1 99 1 I do not trust them at all/Never 2 I distrust them somewhat/Sometimes 3 I trust them somewhat/Most times 4 I trust them a lot/Always 9 don't know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing data presperf/Performance of President presperf/Performance of President presperf/Performance of President presperf/Performance of President presperf/Performance of President 21531 1 99 1 Very unsatisfied/Strongly disapprove 2 Somewhat unsatisfied/Disapprove 3 Somewhat satisfied/Approve 4 Very satisfied/Strongly approve 9 Don't know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing data mpperf/Legislative representative performance mpperf/Legislative representative performance mpperf/Legislative representative performance mpperf/Legislative representative performance mpperf/Legislative representative performance 21531 1 99 1 Very unsatisfied/Strongly disapprove 2 Somewhat unsatisfied/Disapprove 3 Somewhat satisfied/Approve 4 Very satisfied/Strongly approve 9 Don't know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing data cllrperf/Local government representative performance cllrperf/Local government representative performance cllrperf/Local government representative performance cllrperf/Local government representative performance cllrperf/Local government representative performance 21531 1 99 1 Very unsatisfied/Strongly disapprove 2 Somewhat unsatisfied/Disapprove 3 Somewhat satisfied/Approve 4 Very satisfied/Strongly approve 6 Not Applicable for my area 9 Don't know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing data handeduc/Handling education handeduc/Handling education handeduc/Handling education handeduc/Handling education handeduc/Handling education 21531 1 99 1 Very badly/Not at all well 2 Quite badly/Not very well 3 Fairly well 4 Very well 9 Don't know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing Data handheal/Handling basic health handheal/Handling basic health handheal/Handling basic health handheal/Handling basic health handheal/Handling basic health 21531 1 99 1 Very badly/Not at all well 2 Quite badly/Not very well 3 Fairly well 4 Very well 9 Don't know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing Data handaids/Handling AIDS handaids/Handling AIDS handaids/Handling AIDS handaids/Handling AIDS handaids/Handling AIDS 21531 1 99 1 Very badly/Not at all well 2 Fairly badly/Not very well 3 Fairly well 4 Very well 9 Don't know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing data probctry/Most important problems #1 (condensed) probctry/Most important problems #1 (condensed) probctry/Most important problems #1 (condensed) probctry/Most important problems #1 (condensed) probctry/Most important problems #1 (condensed) 21531 99 nothing/no problems 1 AIDS 2 agriculture/farming/livestock 3 communications 4 corruption 5 crime and security 6 democracy/political rights 7 development 8 discrimination/inequality 9 economy (national) 10 education 11 electricity 12 environment/drought 13 food/famine 14 gender/women's rights 15 governance 16 health 17 housing 18 infrastructure/roads 19 job creation/unemployment 20 labour 21 land 22 loans/credit 23 marketing 24 political violence/civil war (internal) 25 political violence/war (international) 26 political tension/instability/national unity/tribalism 27 poverty/destitution 28 rates and taxes 29 services (general) 30 sanitation/sewerage 31 traditional/moral values 32 transportation 33 violence 34 wages 35 water 36 social welfare 40 other economic problems 41 other social problems 42 other political problems 43 other 96 don't know 98 refused 99 missing/no further answer probctr2/Most important problems #2 (condensed) probctr2/Most important problems #2 (condensed) probctr2/Most important problems #2 (condensed) probctr2/Most important problems #2 (condensed) probctr2/Most important problems #2 (condensed) 21531 99 nothing/no problems 1 AIDS 2 agriculture/farming/livestock 3 communications 4 corruption 5 crime and security 6 democracy/political rights 7 development 8 discrimination/inequality 9 economy (national) 10 education 11 electricity 12 environment/drought 13 food/famine 14 gender/women's rights 15 governance 16 health 17 housing 18 infrastructure/roads 19 job creation/unemployment 20 labour 21 land 22 loans/credit 23 marketing 24 political violence/civil war (internal) 25 political violence/war (international) 26 political tension/instability/national unity/tribalism 27 poverty/destitution 28 rates and taxes 29 services (general) 30 sanitation/sewerage 31 traditional/moral values 32 transportation 33 violence 34 wages 35 water 36 social welfare 40 other economic problems 41 other social problems 42 other political problems 43 other 96 don't know 98 refused 99 missing/no further answer convals/Constitution expresses values and aspirations of citizens convals/Constitution expresses values and aspirations of citizens convals/Constitution expresses values and aspirations of citizens convals/Constitution expresses values and aspirations of citizens convals/Constitution expresses values and aspirations of citizens 21531 1 99 1 Strongly disagree 2 Disagree 3 Neither agree nor disagree 4 Agree 5 Strongly agree 9 Don't know 98 Refused 99 Missing data abidegov/Govt should have the ultimate decision abidegov/Govt should have the ultimate decision abidegov/Govt should have the ultimate decision abidegov/Govt should have the ultimate decision abidegov/Govt should have the ultimate decision 21531 1 99 1 Strongly disagree 2 Disagree 3 Neither agree nor disagree 4 Agree 5 Strongly agree 9 Don't know 98 Refused 99 Missing data memrelig/Are you a member/attend meetings of a religious association? memrelig/Are you a member/attend meetings of a religious association? memrelig/Are you a member/attend meetings of a religious association? memrelig/Are you a member/attend meetings of a religious association? memrelig/Are you a member/attend meetings of a religious association? 21531 99 No, not a member/Never attend 1 Yes, a member/ever attend 9 Don't know 99 Missing data memdevel/Member Devel. assoc./Attend development association memdevel/Member Devel. assoc./Attend development association memdevel/Member Devel. assoc./Attend development association memdevel/Member Devel. assoc./Attend development association memdevel/Member Devel. assoc./Attend development association 21531 99 No, not a member/Never attend 1 Yes, a member/ever attend 9 Don't know 99 Missing data membus/Member Prof./business org./Attend local commercial organisation membus/Member Prof./business org./Attend local commercial organisation membus/Member Prof./business org./Attend local commercial organisation membus/Member Prof./business org./Attend local commercial organisation membus/Member Prof./business org./Attend local commercial organisation 21531 99 No, not a member/Never attend 1 Yes, a member/ever attend 9 Don't know 99 Missing data memunion/Member Trade/farmer org./Attend trade union memunion/Member Trade/farmer org./Attend trade union memunion/Member Trade/farmer org./Attend trade union memunion/Member Trade/farmer org./Attend trade union memunion/Member Trade/farmer org./Attend trade union 21531 99 No, not a member/Never attend 1 Yes, a member/ever attend 9 Don't know 99 Missing data clseprty/Close to party clseprty/Close to party clseprty/Close to party clseprty/Close to party clseprty/Close to party 21531 1 99 1 Yes 2 No 3 Don't know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing data winlose/Close to winner/ruling party or loser/opposition? winlose/Close to winner/ruling party or loser/opposition? winlose/Close to winner/ruling party or loser/opposition? winlose/Close to winner/ruling party or loser/opposition? winlose/Close to winner/ruling party or loser/opposition? 21531 99 Loser 1 Neutral/no party 2 Winner 8 Refused 9 Don't know 99 Missing data votelast/Voted last elections votelast/Voted last elections votelast/Voted last elections votelast/Voted last elections votelast/Voted last elections 21531 99 I did not vote 1 I decided not to vote 2 Unable to vote 3 I voted 4 No election in my area 5 Can't remember 98 Refused 99 Missing data parcomm/Attend community meeting parcomm/Attend community meeting parcomm/Attend community meeting parcomm/Attend community meeting parcomm/Attend community meeting 21531 99 Never 1 Only once 2 Sometimes 3 Often 9 Don't know 98 Refused to Answer 99 Missing data parissue/Raise an issue parissue/Raise an issue parissue/Raise an issue parissue/Raise an issue parissue/Raise an issue 21531 99 Never 1 Only once/Once or twice 2 Sometimes/A few times 3 Often 4 Would do if I had the chance 9 Don't know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing data parrally/Attend election rally parrally/Attend election rally parrally/Attend election rally parrally/Attend election rally parrally/Attend election rally 21531 99 Never 1 Only once/Once or twice 2 Sometimes/A few times 3 Often 4 Would do if I had the chance 9 Don't know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing data parcand/Work for candidate parcand/Work for candidate parcand/Work for candidate parcand/Work for candidate parcand/Work for candidate 21531 99 Never 1 Only once/Once or twice 2 Sometimes/A few times 3 Often 4 Would do if I had the chance 9 Don't know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing data parnews/Write newspaper parnews/Write newspaper parnews/Write newspaper parnews/Write newspaper parnews/Write newspaper 21531 99 Never 1 Only once/Once or twice 2 Sometimes/A few times 3 Often 4 Would do if I had the chance 9 Don't know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing data pardemo/Attend demonstration pardemo/Attend demonstration pardemo/Attend demonstration pardemo/Attend demonstration pardemo/Attend demonstration 21531 99 Never 1 Only once/Once or twice 2 Sometimes/A few times 3 Often 4 Would do if I had the chance 9 Don't know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing data conoffic/Contact government official/or political party official conoffic/Contact government official/or political party official conoffic/Contact government official/or political party official conoffic/Contact government official/or political party official conoffic/Contact government official/or political party official 21531 99 never 1 only once/twice 2 sometimes/a few times 3 often/frequently 5 Don't know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing data coninflu/Contact influential person coninflu/Contact influential person coninflu/Contact influential person coninflu/Contact influential person coninflu/Contact influential person 21531 99 never 1 only once/twice 2 sometimes/a few times 3 often/frequently 5 Don't know 98 Refused to answer 99 Missing data Strong leader could decide everything?/or Democracy always best Strong leader could decide everything?/or Democracy always best Strong leader could decide everything?/or Democracy always best Strong leader could decide everything?/or Democracy always best Strong leader could decide everything?/or Democracy always best 21531 1 99 1 Strongly Agree 2 Agree 3 Disagree/Democracy always best: Agree 4 Strongly Disagree/Democracy always best: Strongly agree 6 Do not agree with either 9 Don't know 98 Refused 99 Missing data Within country weight Within country weight Within country weight Within country weight Within country weight 21531 0.0427 2.264 Country weight Country weight Country weight Country weight Country weight 21531 0.333055786844296 1.01954120645709 0.333055786844296 0.528401585204756 0.545454545454545 0.545951 0.574437529918621 0.598802395209581 0.993377483443709 1 1.01437024513948 1.01954120645709 Country weight x within country weight Country weight x within country weight Country weight x within country weight Country weight x within country weight Country weight x within country weight 21531 0.0232909090909091 1.23490909090909 Africa weight (countries weighted according to relative population size) Africa weight (countries weighted according to relative population size) Africa weight (countries weighted according to relative population size) Africa weight (countries weighted according to relative population size) Africa weight (countries weighted according to relative population size) 21531 0.098322318 2.551780272 0.098322318 0.106635156 0.133027743 0.38754536 0.610958807 0.662812579 0.701693944 0.701864658 0.735871438 1.189311501 1.420361173 2.551780272 Africa weight x Within country weight Africa weight x Within country weight Africa weight x Within country weight Africa weight x Within country weight Africa weight x Within country weight 21531 0.0313626481918833 3.215697695672 Respondent's race? Respondent's race? Respondent's race? Respondent's race? Respondent's race? 21531 1 99 1 Black/African 2 White/European 3 Coloured 4 Indian 5 Chinese/Japanese/Asian 6 Could not tell 99 Missing data What is your home language? What is your home language? What is your home language? What is your home language? What is your home language? 21531 1 999 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 26 25 27 26 29 27 30 28 31 29 32 30 33 31 34 32 35 33 37 34 38 35 41 36 42 37 43 38 44 39 45 40 46 41 47 42 48 43 50 44 51 45 52 46 53 47 54 48 55 49 56 50 57 51 58 52 59 53 60 54 61 55 62 56 63 57 64 58 65 59 66 60 67 61 68 62 69 63 70 64 71 65 72 66 73 67 74 68 75 69 76 70 77 71 78 72 80 73 81 74 82 75 83 76 84 77 85 78 86 79 87 80 88 81 89 82 90 83 91 84 92 85 93 86 94 87 95 88 96 89 98 90 99 91 100 92 101 93 102 94 103 95 104 96 105 97 106 98 107 99 108 100 109 101 110 102 111 103 113 104 114 105 115 106 116 107 117 108 118 109 119 110 120 111 121 112 122 113 123 114 124 115 125 116 126 117 127 118 128 119 129 120 130 121 131 122 132 123 133 124 134 125 135 126 136 127 137 128 138 129 139 130 140 131 141 132 142 133 143 134 145 135 146 136 147 137 148 138 149 139 150 140 151 141 152 142 153 143 154 144 155 145 156 146 157 147 158 148 159 149 160 150 161 151 162 152 163 153 164 154 165 155 166 156 167 157 168 158 169 159 170 160 171 161 172 162 173 163 174 164 175 165 176 166 177 167 178 168 179 169 180 170 181 171 182 172 183 173 184 174 185 175 186 176 187 177 188 178 189 179 190 180 191 181 192 182 193 183 194 184 195 185 196 186 197 187 198 188 199 189 200 190 201 191 202 192 203 193 204 194 205 195 206 196 207 197 208 198 209 199 210 200 211 201 212 202 213 203 214 204 215 205 216 206 217 207 218 208 219 209 220 210 221 211 222 212 995 213 998 214 999 215 actual party affiliation actual party affiliation actual party affiliation actual party affiliation actual party affiliation 21531 999 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 13 11 14 12 15 13 16 14 18 15 19 16 20 17 21 18 22 19 23 20 24 21 25 22 26 23 27 24 29 25 30 26 32 27 33 28 34 29 35 30 36 31 37 32 38 33 40 34 41 35 44 36 45 37 46 38 49 39 50 40 51 41 52 42 53 43 54 44 57 45 59 46 60 47 61 48 62 49 65 50 66 51 67 52 68 53 70 54 71 55 72 56 73 57 80 58 81 59 82 60 83 61 84 62 85 63 86 64 87 65 88 66 89 67 90 68 91 69 92 70 93 71 94 72 100 73 101 74 102 75 103 76 104 77 105 78 106 79 107 80 108 81 109 82 110 83 111 84 112 85 113 86 114 87 115 88 116 89 117 90 118 91 119 92 120 93 121 94 122 95 130 96 131 97 132 98 133 99 134 100 135 101 140 102 141 103 142 104 143 105 144 106 145 107 146 108 990 109 995 110 998 111 999 112 District District District District District 21531 1 999 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25 25 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 33 34 34 35 35 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 67 68 68 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 73 73 74 74 75 75 76 76 77 77 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 81 82 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 100 89 101 90 102 91 103 92 104 93 105 94 106 95 107 96 108 97 110 98 111 99 112 100 113 101 114 102 115 103 116 104 117 105 118 106 119 107 120 108 121 109 122 110 123 111 124 112 125 113 126 114 127 115 128 116 129 117 130 118 131 119 150 120 151 121 152 122 153 123 154 124 155 125 156 126 157 127 158 128 159 129 160 130 161 131 162 132 163 133 164 134 165 135 166 136 167 137 168 138 169 139 170 140 171 141 172 142 173 143 174 144 175 145 176 146 177 147 178 148 179 149 180 150 181 151 182 152 183 153 184 154 185 155 200 156 201 157 202 158 203 159 204 160 205 161 206 162 207 163 208 164 209 165 210 166 211 167 212 168 213 169 214 170 215 171 216 172 217 173 218 174 219 175 220 176 221 177 222 178 223 179 224 180 999 181