DDI_AFR_2004_AFB-MR2_v02_M DataFirst Development Data Group 2021-02-18 NADA DDI Document - Version 02 - (04/27/21) This version is identical to DDI_AFR_2004_AFB-MR2_v01_M but country field has been updated to capture all the countries covered by survey. Version 01 (February 2021). The study metadata has been adopted from same study published on DataFirst website. Afrobarometer Survey 2002-2004 Merged Round 2 Data (16 Countries) AFR-MR2 2002-04 AFR_2004_AFB-MR2_v01_M Institute for Democracy in South Africa (IDASA) Michigan State University (MSU) Ghana Centre for Democratic Development (CDD-Ghana) NADA The African Development Bank Michigan State University The National Science Foundation, US The Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD) For general inquiries For general inquiries For data Manager, DataFirst Other Household Survey [hh/oth] Afrobarometer collects and disseminates information regarding Africans’ views on democracy, governance, economic reform, civil society, and quality of life. Round 1 surveys were conducted between 1999 and 2001. At that time, the project covered seven countries in Southern Africa (Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe), three countries in West Africa (Ghana, Nigeria and Mali) and two in East Africa (Uganda and Tanzania). Round 2 surveys were completed by November 2003 with four new countries added: Kenya, Senegal, Cape Verde and Mozambique. Version 01: Edited, anonymised dataset for public distribution Round 2 merged dataset, it comprises of survey datasets from 16 countries. conflict, security and peace [4.1] domestic political issues [4.2] government, political systems and organisations [4.4] mass political behaviour, attitudes/opinion [4.6] political ideology [4.7] business/industrial management and organisation [2.2] mass media [7.4] social exclusion [12.9] cultural activities and participation [13.2] cultural and national identity [13.3] religion and values [13.5] social behaviour and attitudes [13.6] social change [13.7] social conditions and indicators [13.8] The Afrobarometer project assesses attitudes and public opinion on democracy, markets, and civil society in several sub-Saharan African.This dataset was compiled from the studies in Round 2 of the Afrobarometer, conducted from 2002-2004 in 16 countries, including Botswana, Cape Verde, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe Botswana Cabo Verde Ghana Kenya Lesotho Mali Mozambique Malawi Namibia Nigeria Senegal Tanzania Uganda South Africa Zambia Zimbabwe The Round 2 Afrobarometer surveys have national coverage for the following countries: Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Republic of Cabo Verde, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Individuals The sample universe for Afrobarometer surveys includes all citizens of voting age within the country. In other words, we exclude anyone who is not a citizen and anyone who has not attained this age (usually 18 years) on the day of the survey. Also excluded are areas determined to be either inaccessible or not relevant to the study, such as those experiencing armed conflict or natural disasters, as well as national parks and game reserves. As a matter of practice, we have also excluded people living in institutionalized settings, such as students in dormitories and persons in prisons or nursing homes. What to do about areas experiencing political unrest? On the one hand we want to include them because they are politically important. On the other hand, we want to avoid stretching out the fieldwork over many months while we wait for the situation to settle down. It was agreed at the 2002 Cape Town Planning Workshop that it is difficult to come up with a general rule that will fit all imaginable circumstances. We will therefore make judgments on a case-by-case basis on whether or not to proceed with fieldwork or to exclude or substitute areas of conflict. National Partners are requested to consult Core Partners on any major delays, exclusions or substitutions of this sort. Sample survey data [ssd] Each Afrobarometer survey collects data about individual attitudes and behavior, including innovative indicators especially relevant to developing societies. This includes the following topics: • Democracy - Popular understanding of, support for, and satisfaction with democracy, as well as any desire to return to, or experiment with, authoritarian alternatives. • Governance - The demand for, and satisfaction with, effective, accountable and clean government; judgments of overall governance perfomance and social service delivery. • Livelihoods - How do African families survive? What variety of formal and informal means do they use to gain access to food, shelter, water, health, employment and money? • Macro-economics and markets - Citizen understandings of market principles and market reforms and their assessments of economic conditions and government performance at economic management. • Social capital - Whom do people trust? To what extent do they rely on informal networks and associations? What are their evaluations of the trustworthiness of various institutions? • Conflict and crime - How safe do people feel? What has been their experience with crime and violence? • Participation - The extent to which ordinary people join in development efforts, comply with the laws of the land, vote in elections, contact elected representatives, and engage in protest. The quality of electoral representation. • National identity - How do people see themselves in relation to ethnic and class identities? Does a shared sense of national identity exist? Afrobarometer team Afrobarometer uses national probability samples designed to meet the following criteria. Samples are designed to generate a sample that is a representative cross-section of all citizens of voting age in a given country. The goal is to give every adult citizen an equal and known chance of being selected for an interview. They achieve this by: • using random selection methods at every stage of sampling; • sampling at all stages with probability proportionate to population size wherever possible to ensure that larger (i.e., more populated) geographic units have a proportionally greater probability of being chosen into the sample. The sampling universe normally includes all citizens age 18 and older. As a standard practice, we exclude people living in institutionalized settings, such as students in dormitories, patients in hospitals, and persons in prisons or nursing homes. Occasionally, we must also exclude people living in areas determined to be inaccessible due to conflict or insecurity. Any such exclusion is noted in the technical information report (TIR) that accompanies each data set. Sample size and design Samples usually include either 1,200 or 2,400 cases. A randomly selected sample of n=1200 cases allows inferences to national adult populations with a margin of sampling error of no more than +/-2.8% with a confidence level of 95 percent. With a sample size of n=2400, the margin of error decreases to +/-2.0% at 95 percent confidence level. The sample design is a clustered, stratified, multi-stage, area probability sample. Specifically, we first stratify the sample according to the main sub-national unit of government (state, province, region, etc.) and by urban or rural location. Area stratification reduces the likelihood that distinctive ethnic or language groups are left out of the sample. Afrobarometer occasionally purposely oversamples certain populations that are politically significant within a country to ensure that the size of the sub-sample is large enough to be analysed. Any oversamples is noted in the TIR. Sample stages Samples are drawn in either four or five stages: Stage 1: In rural areas only, the first stage is to draw secondary sampling units (SSUs). SSUs are not used in urban areas, and in some countries they are not used in rural areas. See the TIR that accompanies each data set for specific details on the sample in any given country. Stage 2: We randomly select primary sampling units (PSU). Stage 3: We then randomly select sampling start points. Stage 4: Interviewers then randomly select households. Stage 5: Within the household, the interviewer randomly selects an individual respondent. Each interviewer alternates in each household between interviewing a man and interviewing a woman to ensure gender balance in the sample. To keep the costs and logistics of fieldwork within manageable limits, eight interviews are clustered within each selected PSU. Data weights For some national surveys, data are weighted to correct for over or under-sampling or for household size. "Withinwt" should be turned on for all national -level descriptive statistics in countries that contain this weighting variable. It is included as the last variable in the data set, with details described in the codebook. For merged data sets, "Combinwt" should be turned on for cross-national comparisons of descriptive statistics. Note: this weighting variable standardizes each national sample as if it were equal in size. Further information on sampling protocols, including full details of the methodologies used for each stage of sample selection, can be found at https://afrobarometer.org/surveys-and-methods/sampling-principles Face-to-face [f2f] Certain questions in the questionnaires for the Afrobarometer 2 survey addressed country-specific issues, but many of the same questions were asked across surveys. Citizens of the 16 countries were asked questions about their economic and social situations, and their opinions were elicited on recent political and economic changes within their country. Interviewers, usually holding a first degree in social science, were trained in a five-day training workshop immediately prior to fieldwork. Interviews usually took about one hour and only proceeded after respondents have given informed consent. Strict confidentiality was required in handling survey returns. Interviews are conducted in the following languages: Benin: French, Fon, Adja, Bariba, Dendi, Yoruba, Otamari, Peulh Botswana: English, Setswana Cape Verde: Creole, Portuguese Ghana: English, Akan, Ewe, Ga, Dagbani Kenya: English, Kiswahili, Kamba, Kikuyu, Kimeru, Kisii, Luhya, Luo, Somali, Turkana Lesotho: English, Sesotho Madagascar: Malagasy Ofisialy, Malagasy Fitenim-Paritra Malawi: English, Chichewa, Chiyao, Chitumbuka Mali: Frenchm Bambara, Sonrhaï, Tamasheq, Peuhl Mozambique: Portuguese, Emakhuwa, Xichangana, Cisena, Cinyanja, Echuwabu, Cinyungwe Namibia: English, Afrikaans, Oshiwambo Nigeria: English, Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo, Pidgin, Tiv, Ibibio, Ijaw Senegal: French, Wolof, Pulaar, Serer South Africa: Afrikaans, English, Xhosa, North Sotho, South Sotho, Setswana, Swazi, Shangaan, Zulu Tanzania: Kiswahili Uganda: English, Luganda, Lusoga, Luo, Ruyankole, Rutoro, Rukiga, Ateso, Lugbara Zambia: English, Chibemba, Chinyanja, Chitonga, Silozi Zimbabwe: English, Chishona, Sindebele Teams of four interviewers traveled together to the field under the leadership of a field supervisor. It was the supervisor's job to ensure quality control of survey returns on a daily basis.Interviews usually took about one hour and only proceeded after respondents have given informed consent. Strict confidentiality was required in handling survey returns. Note that for some surveys data is weighted to correct for either deliberate (e.g., to provide an adequate sample of specific sub-groups for analytical purposes) or inadvertent over- or under-sampling of particular sample strata. In these cases, a weighting variable is included as the last variable in the data set, with details described in the codebook. These weighting factors should be used when calculating all national-level statistics. Afrobarometer data are protected by copyright. Authors of any published work based on Afrobarometer data or papers are required to acknowledge the source, including, where applicable, citations to data sets posted on this website. Please acknowledge the copyright holders in all publications resulting from its use by means of bibliographic citation in this form: Afrobarometer Data, [Country(ies)], [Round(s)], [Year(s)], available at http://www.afrobarometer.org. Public use files, available to all The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses. merged_r2_data.dta Afrobarometer round 2 survey merged data. The data covered 16 African countries. 24301 330 Country Country Country Country Country 24301 1 16 1 Botswana 2 Ghana 3 Lesotho 4 Malawi 5 Mali 6 Namibia 7 Nigeria 8 South Africa 9 Tanzania 10 Uganda 11 Zambia 12 Zimbabwe 13 Cape Verde 14 Kenya 15 Mozambique 16 Senegal Respondent number Respondent number Respondent number Respondent number Respondent number 24301 Household back-checked? Household back-checked? Household back-checked? Household back-checked? Household back-checked? 24301 -1 2 -1 Missing data 1 Yes 2 No Urban or Rural Primary Sampling Unit Urban or Rural Primary Sampling Unit Urban or Rural Primary Sampling Unit Urban or Rural Primary Sampling Unit Urban or Rural Primary Sampling Unit 24301 1 2 1 Urban 2 Rural Region/Province Region/Province Region/Province Region/Province Region/Province 24301 50 455 50 1 51 2 52 3 53 4 60 5 61 6 62 7 63 8 80 9 81 10 82 11 83 12 84 13 85 14 86 15 87 16 88 17 89 18 90 19 100 20 101 21 102 22 103 23 104 24 105 25 106 26 107 27 108 28 120 29 121 30 122 31 123 32 124 33 125 34 126 35 127 36 128 37 129 38 140 39 141 40 142 41 160 42 161 43 162 44 163 45 164 46 165 47 166 48 167 49 168 50 180 51 181 52 182 53 183 54 184 55 185 56 186 57 187 58 188 59 189 60 200 61 201 62 202 63 203 64 204 65 205 66 206 67 207 68 208 69 209 70 210 71 211 72 212 73 213 74 214 75 215 76 216 77 217 78 218 79 219 80 220 81 221 82 222 83 223 84 224 85 225 86 226 87 227 88 228 89 229 90 240 91 241 92 242 93 243 94 244 95 245 96 246 97 247 98 248 99 249 100 250 101 251 102 252 103 253 104 254 105 260 106 261 107 262 108 263 109 264 110 265 111 266 112 280 113 281 114 282 115 283 116 284 117 285 118 286 119 287 120 288 121 289 122 300 123 301 124 302 125 303 126 304 127 305 128 306 129 307 130 308 131 320 132 321 133 322 134 323 135 324 136 325 137 326 138 327 139 328 140 329 141 330 142 331 143 332 144 380 145 381 146 382 147 383 148 384 149 385 150 386 151 387 152 450 153 451 154 452 155 453 156 454 157 455 158 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 1 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 1 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 1 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 1 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 1 24301 1 997 -1 Missing data 1 Refused to be interviewed 2 Person selected was never at home 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 6 Did not fit gender quota 7 Other 180 A member of this household had been passed away (died) 181 Respondent was very sick. 997 Not Applicable Reason for Unsuccessful Call 2 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 2 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 2 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 2 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 2 24301 1 997 -1 Missing data 1 Refused to be interviewed 2 Person selected was never at home 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 6 Did not fit gender quota 7 Other 997 Not Applicable Reason for Unsuccessful Call 3 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 3 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 3 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 3 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 3 24301 1 997 -1 Missing data 1 Refused to be interviewed 2 Person selected was never at home 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 6 Did not fit gender quota 7 Other 180 A member of this household had been passed away (died) 181 Respondent was very sick. 997 Not Applicable Reason for Unsuccessful Call 4 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 4 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 4 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 4 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 4 24301 1 997 -1 Missing data 1 Refused to be interviewed 2 Person selected was never at home 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 6 Did not fit gender quota 7 Other 997 Not Applicable Reason for Unsuccessful Call 5 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 5 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 5 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 5 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 5 24301 1 997 -1 Missing data 1 Refused to be interviewed 2 Person selected was never at home 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 6 Did not fit gender quota 7 Other 997 Not Applicable Reason for Unsuccessful Call 6 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 6 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 6 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 6 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 6 24301 1 997 -1 Missing data 1 Refused to be interviewed 2 Person selected was never at home 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 6 Did not fit gender quota 7 Other 997 Not Applicable Reason for Unsuccessful Call 7 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 7 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 7 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 7 Reason for Unsuccessful Call 7 24301 1 997 -1 Missing data 1 Refused to be interviewed 2 Person selected was never at home 3 Household/Premises empty for the survey period 4 Not a citizen/Spoke only a foreign language 5 Deaf/Did not speak a survey language 6 Did not fit gender quota 7 Other 997 Not Applicable Previous interview, gender Previous interview, gender Previous interview, gender Previous interview, gender Previous interview, gender 24200 101 -1 2 -1 Missing data 1 Male 2 Female Sysmiss This interview, gender This interview, gender This interview, gender This interview, gender This interview, gender 24301 1 2 1 Male 2 Female Number of calls Number of calls Number of calls Number of calls Number of calls 24301 -1 2 -1 Missing Data 1 1 2 2 Date of Interview Date of Interview Date of Interview Date of Interview Date of Interview 23504 797 24301 Q1a. Country's present economic condition Q1a. Country's present economic condition Q1a. Country's present economic condition Q1a. Country's present economic condition Q1a. Country's present economic condition 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Very Bad 2 Fairly bad 3 Neither good nor bad 4 Fairly good 5 Very good 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q1b. Your present living conditions Q1b. Your present living conditions Q1b. Your present living conditions Q1b. Your present living conditions Q1b. Your present living conditions 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Very Bad 2 Fairly bad 3 Neither good nor bad 4 Fairly good 5 Very good 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q2a. Country's economic condition vs neighbours Q2a. Country's economic condition vs neighbours Q2a. Country's economic condition vs neighbours Q2a. Country's economic condition vs neighbours Q2a. Country's economic condition vs neighbours 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Much Worse 2 Worse 3 Same 4 Better 5 Much Better 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q2b. Your living conditions vs. others Q2b. Your living conditions vs. others Q2b. Your living conditions vs. others Q2b. Your living conditions vs. others Q2b. Your living conditions vs. others 24301 -1 98 -1 Missing 1 Much Worse 2 Worse 3 Same 4 Better 5 Much Better 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q3a. Country's economic condition 12 months ago Q3a. Country's economic condition 12 months ago Q3a. Country's economic condition 12 months ago Q3a. Country's economic condition 12 months ago Q3a. Country's economic condition 12 months ago 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Much Worse 2 Worse 3 Same 4 Better 5 Much Better 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q3b. Your living conditions 12 months ago Q3b. Your living conditions 12 months ago Q3b. Your living conditions 12 months ago Q3b. Your living conditions 12 months ago Q3b. Your living conditions 12 months ago 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Much Worse 2 Worse 3 Same 4 Better 5 Much Better 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q4a. Country's economic condition in 12 months Q4a. Country's economic condition in 12 months Q4a. Country's economic condition in 12 months Q4a. Country's economic condition in 12 months Q4a. Country's economic condition in 12 months 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Much Worse 2 Worse 3 Same 4 Better 5 Much Better 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q4b. Your living conditions in 12 months Q4b. Your living conditions in 12 months Q4b. Your living conditions in 12 months Q4b. Your living conditions in 12 months Q4b. Your living conditions in 12 months 24301 -1 98 -1 Missing 1 Much Worse 2 Worse 3 Same 4 Better 5 Much Better 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q5a. First meaning of "poor" Q5a. First meaning of "poor" Q5a. First meaning of "poor" Q5a. First meaning of "poor" Q5a. First meaning of "poor" 23197 1104 -1 999 -1 Missing data Nothing 1 Lack of food 2 Lack of shelter 3 Lack of clothing 4 Lack of money 5 Low living standards 6 Lack of social amenities 7 Lack of education/knowledge 8 Lack of employment/jobs 9 Low levels of health 10 Powerlessness 11 Living in substandard neighborhood 12 Any life-threatening situation 13 No child/spouse/unable to marry a wife 14 Comparison between self and others, inability to meet expect 15 Lack of entertainment (newspaper,TV,Radio,Video) 16 Psychological status/mental health 17 Exploitive labor (e.g. child labor, prostitution, etc) 18 Lack of agricultural inputs (land/fertilizers/seeds) 19 Race (associates black with poverty) 20 Laziness/person who won't work 21 Lack of family/social support network 22 Inability to meet obligations/family responsibilities 23 Beggar/destitute 24 Unreligious 25 A farmer 26 Poverty (undifferentiated/unspecified) 27 No water 28 No electricity 29 No cattle or livestock 30 No land 31 No vehicle/car 32 In debt 33 To have too many children to support 34 To be a single parent 35 To be old/a pensioner 36 To depend on or revert to crime 37 To only live for today/live day-to-day/no future planning 38 To depend on domestic work/manual labor 39 To have to rely on others for help 40 Low social status/no community standing 41 Street children/living on the street 42 To be an alcoholic or drug addict 43 Unable to contribute to the country 49 Drought/lack of rain 50 Lack of everything/not having anything 51 Handicapped 52 Racism/Suffering from discrimination 53 Without love or affection 54 To be sad, miserable, poor of spirit 55 To have lots of problems or difficulties 56 Lack of opportunities or possibilities 57 Lack of common sense, foolish, or poor planning 58 A natural condition/something one is born to 59 A national problem/caused by government or its policy 60 Lack of assets/property/wealth 61 Lack of school fees 62 Insecurity, lack of peace 63 Being rural 64 Income below a certain level 65 Can't afford luxuries 81 Orphan/have no parents 162 Rural women 165 Lack of equipment for production 169 Chetif 170 Having misfortune, bad luck 180 Lack of Firewood 181 Lack of Businesses/Markets 182 Poor Agric 995 Other 996 No further answer 998 Refused to answer 999 Don't know Sysmiss Q5b. Second meaning of "poor" Q5b. Second meaning of "poor" Q5b. Second meaning of "poor" Q5b. Second meaning of "poor" Q5b. Second meaning of "poor" 23197 1104 -1 996 -1 Missing data Nothing 1 Lack of food 2 Lack of shelter 3 Lack of clothing 4 Lack of money 5 Low living standards 6 Lack of social amenities 7 Lack of education/knowledge 8 Lack of employment/jobs 9 Low levels of health 10 Powerlessness 11 Living in substandard neighborhood 12 Any life-threatening situation 13 No child/spouse/unable to marry a wife 14 Comparison between self and others, inability to meet expect 15 Lack of entertainment (newspaper,TV,Radio,Video) 16 Psychological status/mental health 17 Exploitive labor (e.g. child labor, prostitution, etc) 18 Lack of agricultural inputs (land/fertilizers/seeds) 19 Race (associates black with poverty) 20 Laziness/person who won't work 21 Lack of family/social support network 22 Inability to meet obligations/family responsibilities 23 Beggar/destitute 24 Unreligious 25 A farmer 26 Poverty (undifferentiated/unspecified) 27 No water 28 No electricity 29 No cattle or livestock 30 No land 31 No vehicle/car 32 In debt 33 To have too many children to support 34 To be a single parent 35 To be old/a pensioner 36 To depend on or revert to crime 37 To only live for today/live day-to-day/no future planning 38 To depend on domestic work/manual labor 39 To have to rely on others for help 40 Low social status/no community standing 41 Street children/living on the street 42 To be an alcoholic or drug addict 43 Unable to contribute to the country 49 Drought/lack of rain 50 Lack of everything/not having anything 51 Handicapped 52 Racism/Suffering from discrimination 53 Without love or affection 54 To be sad, miserable, poor of spirit 55 To have lots of problems or difficulties 56 Lack of opportunities or possibilities 57 Lack of common sense, foolish, or poor planning 58 A natural condition/something one is born to 59 A national problem/caused by government or its policy 60 Lack of assets/property/wealth 61 Lack of school fees 62 Insecurity, lack of peace 63 Being rural 64 Income below a certain level 65 Can't afford luxuries 81 Orphan/have no parents 162 Rural women 165 Lack of equipment for production 169 Chetif 170 Having misfortune, bad luck 180 Lack of Firewood 181 Lack of Businesses/Markets 182 Poor Agric 995 Other 996 No further answer 998 Refused to answer 999 Don't know Sysmiss Q5c. Third meaning of "poor" Q5c. Third meaning of "poor" Q5c. Third meaning of "poor" Q5c. Third meaning of "poor" Q5c. Third meaning of "poor" 23197 1104 -1 996 -1 Missing data Nothing 1 Lack of food 2 Lack of shelter 3 Lack of clothing 4 Lack of money 5 Low living standards 6 Lack of social amenities 7 Lack of education/knowledge 8 Lack of employment/jobs 9 Low levels of health 10 Powerlessness 11 Living in substandard neighborhood 12 Any life-threatening situation 13 No child/spouse/unable to marry a wife 14 Comparison between self and others, inability to meet expect 15 Lack of entertainment (newspaper,TV,Radio,Video) 16 Psychological status/mental health 17 Exploitive labor (e.g. child labor, prostitution, etc) 18 Lack of agricultural inputs (land/fertilizers/seeds) 19 Race (associates black with poverty) 20 Laziness/person who won't work 21 Lack of family/social support network 22 Inability to meet obligations/family responsibilities 23 Beggar/destitute 24 Unreligious 25 A farmer 26 Poverty (undifferentiated/unspecified) 27 No water 28 No electricity 29 No cattle or livestock 30 No land 31 No vehicle/car 32 In debt 33 To have too many children to support 34 To be a single parent 35 To be old/a pensioner 36 To depend on or revert to crime 37 To only live for today/live day-to-day/no future planning 38 To depend on domestic work/manual labor 39 To have to rely on others for help 40 Low social status/no community standing 41 Street children/living on the street 42 To be an alcoholic or drug addict 43 Unable to contribute to the country 49 Drought/lack of rain 50 Lack of everything/not having anything 51 Handicapped 52 Racism/Suffering from discrimination 53 Without love or affection 54 To be sad, miserable, poor of spirit 55 To have lots of problems or difficulties 56 Lack of opportunities or possibilities 57 Lack of common sense, foolish, or poor planning 58 A natural condition/something one is born to 59 A national problem/caused by government or its policy 60 Lack of assets/property/wealth 61 Lack of school fees 62 Insecurity, lack of peace 63 Being rural 64 Income below a certain level 65 Can't afford luxuries 81 Orphan/have no parents 162 Rural women 165 Lack of equipment for production 169 Chetif 170 Having misfortune, bad luck 180 Lack of Firewood 181 Lack of Businesses/Markets 182 Poor Agric 995 Other 996 No further answer 998 Refused to answer 999 Don't know Sysmiss Q6a. Score self rich/poor today Q6a. Score self rich/poor today Q6a. Score self rich/poor today Q6a. Score self rich/poor today Q6a. Score self rich/poor today 24301 -1 99 -1 Missing 00 1 01 2 02 3 03 4 04 5 05 6 06 7 07 8 08 9 09 10 10 98 Refused 99 Don't know Q6b. Score parent rich/poor 10 years ago Q6b. Score parent rich/poor 10 years ago Q6b. Score parent rich/poor 10 years ago Q6b. Score parent rich/poor 10 years ago Q6b. Score parent rich/poor 10 years ago 24301 -1 99 -1 Missing 00 1 01 2 02 3 03 4 04 5 05 6 06 7 07 8 08 9 09 10 10 97 Not applicable 98 Refused 99 Don't know Q6c. Score children rich/poor in future Q6c. Score children rich/poor in future Q6c. Score children rich/poor in future Q6c. Score children rich/poor in future Q6c. Score children rich/poor in future 24301 -1 99 -1 Missing 00 1 01 2 02 3 03 4 04 5 05 6 06 7 07 8 08 9 09 10 10 97 Not applicable 98 Refused 99 Don't know Q7a. Depend on earning wage or salary Q7a. Depend on earning wage or salary Q7a. Depend on earning wage or salary Q7a. Depend on earning wage or salary Q7a. Depend on earning wage or salary 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing Not at All 1 A Little 2 A Lot 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q7b. Depend on buying and selling goods Q7b. Depend on buying and selling goods Q7b. Depend on buying and selling goods Q7b. Depend on buying and selling goods Q7b. Depend on buying and selling goods 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing Not at All 1 A Little 2 A Lot 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q7c. Depend on work in-kind Q7c. Depend on work in-kind Q7c. Depend on work in-kind Q7c. Depend on work in-kind Q7c. Depend on work in-kind 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing Not at All 1 A Little 2 A Lot 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q7d. Depend on employing others to work for you Q7d. Depend on employing others to work for you Q7d. Depend on employing others to work for you Q7d. Depend on employing others to work for you Q7d. Depend on employing others to work for you 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing Not at All 1 A Little 2 A Lot 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q7e. Depend on community savings group Q7e. Depend on community savings group Q7e. Depend on community savings group Q7e. Depend on community savings group Q7e. Depend on community savings group 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing Not at All 1 A Little 2 A Lot 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q7f. Depend on borrowing money from friends or family Q7f. Depend on borrowing money from friends or family Q7f. Depend on borrowing money from friends or family Q7f. Depend on borrowing money from friends or family Q7f. Depend on borrowing money from friends or family 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing Not at All 1 A Little 2 A Lot 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q7g. Depend on borrowing money from a bank Q7g. Depend on borrowing money from a bank Q7g. Depend on borrowing money from a bank Q7g. Depend on borrowing money from a bank Q7g. Depend on borrowing money from a bank 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing Not at All 1 A Little 2 A Lot 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q7h. Depend on receiving money from family working elsewhere in the country Q7h. Depend on receiving money from family working elsewhere in the country Q7h. Depend on receiving money from family working elsewhere in the country Q7h. Depend on receiving money from family working elsewhere in the country Q7h. Depend on receiving money from family working elsewhere in the country 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing Not at All 1 A Little 2 A Lot 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q7i. Depend on receiving money from family working in other countries. Q7i. Depend on receiving money from family working in other countries. Q7i. Depend on receiving money from family working in other countries. Q7i. Depend on receiving money from family working in other countries. Q7i. Depend on receiving money from family working in other countries. 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing Not at All 1 A Little 2 A Lot 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q8a. Time spent working to earn money Q8a. Time spent working to earn money Q8a. Time spent working to earn money Q8a. Time spent working to earn money Q8a. Time spent working to earn money 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing Spend no time 1 Less than 1 hour 2 1-2 hours 3 3-5 hours 4 More than 5 hours 9 Don't know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q8b. Time spent growing own food Q8b. Time spent growing own food Q8b. Time spent growing own food Q8b. Time spent growing own food Q8b. Time spent growing own food 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing Spend no time 1 Less than 1 hour 2 1-2 hours 3 3-5 hours 4 More than 5 hours 9 Don't know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q8c. Time spent doing household work Q8c. Time spent doing household work Q8c. Time spent doing household work Q8c. Time spent doing household work Q8c. Time spent doing household work 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing Spend no time 1 Less than 1 hour 2 1-2 hours 3 3-5 hours 4 More than 5 hours 9 Don't know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q8d1. Time spent caring for own family's children Q8d1. Time spent caring for own family's children Q8d1. Time spent caring for own family's children Q8d1. Time spent caring for own family's children Q8d1. Time spent caring for own family's children 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing Spend no time 1 Less than 1 hour 2 1-2 hours 3 3-5 hours 4 More than 5 hours 9 Don't know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q8d2. Time spent caring for orphaned children Q8d2. Time spent caring for orphaned children Q8d2. Time spent caring for orphaned children Q8d2. Time spent caring for orphaned children Q8d2. Time spent caring for orphaned children 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing Spend no time 1 Less than 1 hour 2 1-2 hours 3 3-5 hours 4 More than 5 hours 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q8e. Time spent caring for sick household members Q8e. Time spent caring for sick household members Q8e. Time spent caring for sick household members Q8e. Time spent caring for sick household members Q8e. Time spent caring for sick household members 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing Spend no time 1 Less than 1 hour 2 1-2 hours 3 3-5 hours 4 More than 5 hours 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q8f. Time spent taking care of own illness Q8f. Time spent taking care of own illness Q8f. Time spent taking care of own illness Q8f. Time spent taking care of own illness Q8f. Time spent taking care of own illness 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing Spend no time 1 Less than 1 hour 2 1-2 hours 3 3-5 hours 4 More than 5 hours 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q9a. How often gone without food Q9a. How often gone without food Q9a. How often gone without food Q9a. How often gone without food Q9a. How often gone without food 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Just once or twice 2 Several times 3 Many times 4 Always 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Q9b. How often gone without water Q9b. How often gone without water Q9b. How often gone without water Q9b. How often gone without water Q9b. How often gone without water 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Just once or twice 2 Several times 3 Many times 4 Always 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Q9c. How often gone without medical care Q9c. How often gone without medical care Q9c. How often gone without medical care Q9c. How often gone without medical care Q9c. How often gone without medical care 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Just once or twice 2 Several times 3 Many times 4 Always 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Q9d. How often gone without electricity Q9d. How often gone without electricity Q9d. How often gone without electricity Q9d. How often gone without electricity Q9d. How often gone without electricity 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Just once or twice 2 Several times 3 Many times 4 Always 7 No access to electricity 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Q9e. How often gone without cooking fuel Q9e. How often gone without cooking fuel Q9e. How often gone without cooking fuel Q9e. How often gone without cooking fuel Q9e. How often gone without cooking fuel 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Just once or twice 2 Several times 3 Many times 4 Always 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Q9f. How often gone without cash income Q9f. How often gone without cash income Q9f. How often gone without cash income Q9f. How often gone without cash income Q9f. How often gone without cash income 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Just once or twice 2 Several times 3 Many times 4 Always 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Q10a. Who assists with food Q10a. Who assists with food Q10a. Who assists with food Q10a. Who assists with food Q10a. Who assists with food 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing No-one 1 Kin 2 Community 3 Market 4 Government 5 Illicit 7 Not Applicable 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q10b. Who assists with water Q10b. Who assists with water Q10b. Who assists with water Q10b. Who assists with water Q10b. Who assists with water 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing No-one 1 Kin 2 Community 3 Market 4 Government 5 Illicit 7 Not Applicable 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q10c. Who assists with medical care Q10c. Who assists with medical care Q10c. Who assists with medical care Q10c. Who assists with medical care Q10c. Who assists with medical care 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing No-one 1 Kin 2 Community 3 Market 4 Government 5 Illicit 7 Not Applicable 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q10d. Who assists with electricity Q10d. Who assists with electricity Q10d. Who assists with electricity Q10d. Who assists with electricity Q10d. Who assists with electricity 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing No-one 1 Kin 2 Community 3 Market 4 Government 5 Illicit 7 Not Applicable 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q10e. Who assists with cooking fuel Q10e. Who assists with cooking fuel Q10e. Who assists with cooking fuel Q10e. Who assists with cooking fuel Q10e. Who assists with cooking fuel 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing No-one 1 Kin 2 Community 3 Market 4 Government 5 Illicit 7 Not Applicable 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q10f. Who assists with cash income Q10f. Who assists with cash income Q10f. Who assists with cash income Q10f. Who assists with cash income Q10f. Who assists with cash income 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing No-one 1 Kin 2 Community 3 Market 4 Government 5 Illicit 7 Not Applicable 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q11a. How often feared crime in home Q11a. How often feared crime in home Q11a. How often feared crime in home Q11a. How often feared crime in home Q11a. How often feared crime in home 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Just once or twice 2 Several times 3 Many times 4 Always 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Q11b. How often something stolen from house Q11b. How often something stolen from house Q11b. How often something stolen from house Q11b. How often something stolen from house Q11b. How often something stolen from house 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Just once or twice 2 Several times 3 Many times 4 Always 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Q11c. How often physically attacked Q11c. How often physically attacked Q11c. How often physically attacked Q11c. How often physically attacked Q11c. How often physically attacked 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Just once or twice 2 Several times 3 Many times 4 Always 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Q12. Prefer market or government-run economy Q12. Prefer market or government-run economy Q12. Prefer market or government-run economy Q12. Prefer market or government-run economy Q12. Prefer market or government-run economy 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 STATEMENT C: doesn't matter 2 STATEMENT B: government-run economy 3 STATEMENT A: market economy 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q13a. Government plans production and distribution Q13a. Government plans production and distribution Q13a. Government plans production and distribution Q13a. Government plans production and distribution Q13a. Government plans production and distribution 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disapprove 2 Disapprove 3 Neither Approve Nor Disapprove 4 Approve 5 Strongly Approve 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Q13b. Individuals decide what to produce, buy, sell Q13b. Individuals decide what to produce, buy, sell Q13b. Individuals decide what to produce, buy, sell Q13b. Individuals decide what to produce, buy, sell Q13b. Individuals decide what to produce, buy, sell 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disapprove 2 Disapprove 3 Neither Approve Nor Disapprove 4 Approve 5 Strongly Approve 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Q13c. People go back to the land Q13c. People go back to the land Q13c. People go back to the land Q13c. People go back to the land Q13c. People go back to the land 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disapprove 2 Disapprove 3 Neither Approve Nor Disapprove 4 Approve 5 Strongly Approve 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Q13d. Economic experts make important decisions Q13d. Economic experts make important decisions Q13d. Economic experts make important decisions Q13d. Economic experts make important decisions Q13d. Economic experts make important decisions 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disapprove 2 Disapprove 3 Neither Approve Nor Disapprove 4 Approve 5 Strongly Approve 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Q13e. Wealthy people provide for community needs Q13e. Wealthy people provide for community needs Q13e. Wealthy people provide for community needs Q13e. Wealthy people provide for community needs Q13e. Wealthy people provide for community needs 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disapprove 2 Disapprove 3 Neither Approve Nor Disapprove 4 Approve 5 Strongly Approve 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Q14. Free schooling vs. user fees Q14. Free schooling vs. user fees Q14. Free schooling vs. user fees Q14. Free schooling vs. user fees Q14. Free schooling vs. user fees 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very strongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q15. Privatized ag. marketing vs. government control Q15. Privatized ag. marketing vs. government control Q15. Privatized ag. marketing vs. government control Q15. Privatized ag. marketing vs. government control Q15. Privatized ag. marketing vs. government control 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very strongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q16. More jobs, low wages vs. fewer jobs, high wages Q16. More jobs, low wages vs. fewer jobs, high wages Q16. More jobs, low wages vs. fewer jobs, high wages Q16. More jobs, low wages vs. fewer jobs, high wages Q16. More jobs, low wages vs. fewer jobs, high wages 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very strongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q17. Respect for property rights vs. right to seize Q17. Respect for property rights vs. right to seize Q17. Respect for property rights vs. right to seize Q17. Respect for property rights vs. right to seize Q17. Respect for property rights vs. right to seize 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very strongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q18. Civil servants keep jobs vs. lay offs to reduce costs Q18. Civil servants keep jobs vs. lay offs to reduce costs Q18. Civil servants keep jobs vs. lay offs to reduce costs Q18. Civil servants keep jobs vs. lay offs to reduce costs Q18. Civil servants keep jobs vs. lay offs to reduce costs 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very strongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q19. Allow imports vs. protect local producers Q19. Allow imports vs. protect local producers Q19. Allow imports vs. protect local producers Q19. Allow imports vs. protect local producers Q19. Allow imports vs. protect local producers 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very strongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q20. Abandon economic reforms vs. accept hardships Q20. Abandon economic reforms vs. accept hardships Q20. Abandon economic reforms vs. accept hardships Q20. Abandon economic reforms vs. accept hardships Q20. Abandon economic reforms vs. accept hardships 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very strongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q21. Economic policies helped most vs. hurt most Q21. Economic policies helped most vs. hurt most Q21. Economic policies helped most vs. hurt most Q21. Economic policies helped most vs. hurt most Q21. Economic policies helped most vs. hurt most 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very strongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q22a. Present vs. past: availability of goods Q22a. Present vs. past: availability of goods Q22a. Present vs. past: availability of goods Q22a. Present vs. past: availability of goods Q22a. Present vs. past: availability of goods 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Much Worse 2 Worse 3 About the same 4 Better 5 Much Better 9 Don't know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q22b. Present vs. past: people's living standard Q22b. Present vs. past: people's living standard Q22b. Present vs. past: people's living standard Q22b. Present vs. past: people's living standard Q22b. Present vs. past: people's living standard 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Much Worse 2 Worse 3 About the same 4 Better 5 Much Better 9 Don't know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q22c. Present vs. past: job opportunities Q22c. Present vs. past: job opportunities Q22c. Present vs. past: job opportunities Q22c. Present vs. past: job opportunities Q22c. Present vs. past: job opportunities 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Much Worse 2 Worse 3 About the same 4 Better 5 Much Better 9 Don't know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q22d. Present vs. past: gap between rich and poor Q22d. Present vs. past: gap between rich and poor Q22d. Present vs. past: gap between rich and poor Q22d. Present vs. past: gap between rich and poor Q22d. Present vs. past: gap between rich and poor 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Much Worse 2 Worse 3 About the same 4 Better 5 Much Better 9 Don't know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q22e. Present vs. past: security of property Q22e. Present vs. past: security of property Q22e. Present vs. past: security of property Q22e. Present vs. past: security of property Q22e. Present vs. past: security of property 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Much Worse 2 Worse 3 About the same 4 Better 5 Much Better 9 Don't know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q23. Satisfied w/ government's reduced economic role Q23. Satisfied w/ government's reduced economic role Q23. Satisfied w/ government's reduced economic role Q23. Satisfied w/ government's reduced economic role Q23. Satisfied w/ government's reduced economic role 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing Government has not reduced its role 1 Not at all satisfied 2 Not very satisfied 3 Fairly satisfied 4 Very satisfied 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q24a. Member of religious group Q24a. Member of religious group Q24a. Member of religious group Q24a. Member of religious group Q24a. Member of religious group 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing Not a Member 1 Inactive Member 2 Active Member 3 Official Leader 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q24b. Member of trade union or farmers association Q24b. Member of trade union or farmers association Q24b. Member of trade union or farmers association Q24b. Member of trade union or farmers association Q24b. Member of trade union or farmers association 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing Not a Member 1 Inactive Member 2 Active Member 3 Official Leader 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q24c. Member of professional or business association Q24c. Member of professional or business association Q24c. Member of professional or business association Q24c. Member of professional or business association Q24c. Member of professional or business association 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing Not a Member 1 Inactive Member 2 Active Member 3 Official Leader 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q24d. Member of community development association Q24d. Member of community development association Q24d. Member of community development association Q24d. Member of community development association Q24d. Member of community development association 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing Not a Member 1 Inactive Member 2 Active Member 3 Official Leader 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q25a. Discuss politics Q25a. Discuss politics Q25a. Discuss politics Q25a. Discuss politics Q25a. Discuss politics 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing No, would never do this 1 No, but would do if had the chance 2 Yes, once or twice 3 Yes, several times 4 Yes, often 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q25b. Attend a community meeting Q25b. Attend a community meeting Q25b. Attend a community meeting Q25b. Attend a community meeting Q25b. Attend a community meeting 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing No, would never do this 1 No, but would do if had the chance 2 Yes, once or twice 3 Yes, several times 4 Yes, often 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q25c. Join others to raise an issue Q25c. Join others to raise an issue Q25c. Join others to raise an issue Q25c. Join others to raise an issue Q25c. Join others to raise an issue 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing No, would never do this 1 No, but would do if had the chance 2 Yes, once or twice 3 Yes, several times 4 Yes, often 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q25d. Attend a demonstration or protest march Q25d. Attend a demonstration or protest march Q25d. Attend a demonstration or protest march Q25d. Attend a demonstration or protest march Q25d. Attend a demonstration or protest march 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing No, would never do this 1 No, but would do if had the chance 2 Yes, once or twice 3 Yes, several times 4 Yes, often 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q25e. Used force or violence for political cause Q25e. Used force or violence for political cause Q25e. Used force or violence for political cause Q25e. Used force or violence for political cause Q25e. Used force or violence for political cause 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing No, would never do this 1 No, but would do if had the chance 2 Yes, once or twice 3 Yes, several times 4 Yes, often 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q26a. Radio news Q26a. Radio news Q26a. Radio news Q26a. Radio news Q26a. Radio news 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Less than once a month 2 A few times a month 3 A few times a week 4 Every day 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q26b. Television news Q26b. Television news Q26b. Television news Q26b. Television news Q26b. Television news 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Less than once a month 2 A few times a month 3 A few times a week 4 Every day 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q26c. Newspapaer news Q26c. Newspapaer news Q26c. Newspapaer news Q26c. Newspapaer news Q26c. Newspapaer news 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Less than once a month 2 A few times a month 3 A few times a week 4 Every day 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q27. Interest in public affairs Q27. Interest in public affairs Q27. Interest in public affairs Q27. Interest in public affairs Q27. Interest in public affairs 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing Not interested 1 Somewhat interested 2 Very interested 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q28a. Politics and government too complicated Q28a. Politics and government too complicated Q28a. Politics and government too complicated Q28a. Politics and government too complicated Q28a. Politics and government too complicated 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Strongly Agree 2 Agree 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 4 Disagree 5 Strongly Disagree 9 Don't know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q28b. Others don't listen to you Q28b. Others don't listen to you Q28b. Others don't listen to you Q28b. Others don't listen to you Q28b. Others don't listen to you 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Strongly Agree 2 Agree 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 4 Disagree 5 Strongly Disagree 9 Don't know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q28c. Can make elected representatives listen Q28c. Can make elected representatives listen Q28c. Can make elected representatives listen Q28c. Can make elected representatives listen Q28c. Can make elected representatives listen 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Strongly Agree 2 Agree 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 4 Disagree 5 Strongly Disagree 9 Don't know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q29a. Contact Local government representative Q29a. Contact Local government representative Q29a. Contact Local government representative Q29a. Contact Local government representative Q29a. Contact Local government representative 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Only once 2 A few times 3 Often 7 Not applicable 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q29a1. Contact Regional government representative Q29a1. Contact Regional government representative Q29a1. Contact Regional government representative Q29a1. Contact Regional government representative Q29a1. Contact Regional government representative 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Only once 2 A few times 3 Often 7 Not applicable or Not asked 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q29b. Contact Parliamentary representative Q29b. Contact Parliamentary representative Q29b. Contact Parliamentary representative Q29b. Contact Parliamentary representative Q29b. Contact Parliamentary representative 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Only once 2 A few times 3 Often 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q29c. Contact official of a government ministry Q29c. Contact official of a government ministry Q29c. Contact official of a government ministry Q29c. Contact official of a government ministry Q29c. Contact official of a government ministry 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Only once 2 A few times 3 Often 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q29d. Contact political party official Q29d. Contact political party official Q29d. Contact political party official Q29d. Contact political party official Q29d. Contact political party official 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Only once 2 A few times 3 Often 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q29e. Contact religious leader Q29e. Contact religious leader Q29e. Contact religious leader Q29e. Contact religious leader Q29e. Contact religious leader 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Only once 2 A few times 3 Often 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q29f. Contact traditional ruler Q29f. Contact traditional ruler Q29f. Contact traditional ruler Q29f. Contact traditional ruler Q29f. Contact traditional ruler 24301 -1 97 -1 Missing Never 1 Only once 2 A few times 3 Often 9 Don't know 97 Not Applicable or Not Asked 98 Refused Q29g. Contact some other influential person Q29g. Contact some other influential person Q29g. Contact some other influential person Q29g. Contact some other influential person Q29g. Contact some other influential person 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Only once 2 A few times 3 Often 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q30. Choose leaders through elections vs. other methods Q30. Choose leaders through elections vs. other methods Q30. Choose leaders through elections vs. other methods Q30. Choose leaders through elections vs. other methods Q30. Choose leaders through elections vs. other methods 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very strongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q31. Political parties divisive vs. many parties needed Q31. Political parties divisive vs. many parties needed Q31. Political parties divisive vs. many parties needed Q31. Political parties divisive vs. many parties needed Q31. Political parties divisive vs. many parties needed 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very strongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q32. No term limits for president vs. two terms only Q32. No term limits for president vs. two terms only Q32. No term limits for president vs. two terms only Q32. No term limits for president vs. two terms only Q32. No term limits for president vs. two terms only 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very strongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q33. Parliament makes laws vs. president does Q33. Parliament makes laws vs. president does Q33. Parliament makes laws vs. president does Q33. Parliament makes laws vs. president does Q33. Parliament makes laws vs. president does 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very strongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q34. Time to deal with problems vs. try another form Q34. Time to deal with problems vs. try another form Q34. Time to deal with problems vs. try another form Q34. Time to deal with problems vs. try another form Q34. Time to deal with problems vs. try another form 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very strongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q35a. Reject one-party rule Q35a. Reject one-party rule Q35a. Reject one-party rule Q35a. Reject one-party rule Q35a. Reject one-party rule 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disapprove 2 Disapprove 3 Neither Approve Nor Disapprove 4 Approve 5 Strongly Approve 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Q35b. Reject rule by chiefs or elders Q35b. Reject rule by chiefs or elders Q35b. Reject rule by chiefs or elders Q35b. Reject rule by chiefs or elders Q35b. Reject rule by chiefs or elders 24301 -1 97 -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disapprove 2 Disapprove 3 Neither Approve Nor Disapprove 4 Approve 5 Strongly Approve 9 Don't Know 97 Not Applicable or Not Asked 98 Refused Q35c. Reject military rule Q35c. Reject military rule Q35c. Reject military rule Q35c. Reject military rule Q35c. Reject military rule 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disapprove 2 Disapprove 3 Neither Approve Nor Disapprove 4 Approve 5 Strongly Approve 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Q35d. Reject one-man rule Q35d. Reject one-man rule Q35d. Reject one-man rule Q35d. Reject one-man rule Q35d. Reject one-man rule 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disapprove 2 Disapprove 3 Neither Approve Nor Disapprove 4 Approve 5 Strongly Approve 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Q36a. Present vs. past: free to say what you think Q36a. Present vs. past: free to say what you think Q36a. Present vs. past: free to say what you think Q36a. Present vs. past: free to say what you think Q36a. Present vs. past: free to say what you think 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Much Worse 2 Worse 3 Same 4 Better 5 Much Better 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q36b. Present vs. past: free to join any organisation Q36b. Present vs. past: free to join any organisation Q36b. Present vs. past: free to join any organisation Q36b. Present vs. past: free to join any organisation Q36b. Present vs. past: free to join any organisation 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Much Worse 2 Worse 3 Same 4 Better 5 Much Better 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q36c. Present vs. past: free from unjust arrest Q36c. Present vs. past: free from unjust arrest Q36c. Present vs. past: free from unjust arrest Q36c. Present vs. past: free from unjust arrest Q36c. Present vs. past: free from unjust arrest 24301 -1 98 -1 Missing 1 Much Worse 2 Worse 3 Same 4 Better 5 Much Better 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q36d. Present vs. past: voting freedom Q36d. Present vs. past: voting freedom Q36d. Present vs. past: voting freedom Q36d. Present vs. past: voting freedom Q36d. Present vs. past: voting freedom 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Much Worse 2 Worse 3 Same 4 Better 5 Much Better 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q36e. Present vs. past: ability to influence government Q36e. Present vs. past: ability to influence government Q36e. Present vs. past: ability to influence government Q36e. Present vs. past: ability to influence government Q36e. Present vs. past: ability to influence government 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Much Worse 2 Worse 3 Same 4 Better 5 Much Better 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q36f. Present vs. past: safety from crime and violence Q36f. Present vs. past: safety from crime and violence Q36f. Present vs. past: safety from crime and violence Q36f. Present vs. past: safety from crime and violence Q36f. Present vs. past: safety from crime and violence 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Much Worse 2 Worse 3 Same 4 Better 5 Much Better 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q36g. Present vs. past: equal treatment for all Q36g. Present vs. past: equal treatment for all Q36g. Present vs. past: equal treatment for all Q36g. Present vs. past: equal treatment for all Q36g. Present vs. past: equal treatment for all 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Much Worse 2 Worse 3 Same 4 Better 5 Much Better 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q37. How democratic Q37. How democratic Q37. How democratic Q37. How democratic Q37. How democratic 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Not a democracy 2 A democracy, with major problems 3 A democracy, but with minor problems 4 A full democracy 8 Do not understand question/democracy 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q38. Support for democracy Q38. Support for democracy Q38. Support for democracy Q38. Support for democracy Q38. Support for democracy 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 STATEMENT C: Doesn't matter. 2 STATEMENT B: Sometimes non-democratic preferable 3 STATEMENT A: Democracy preferable. 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q39. Democracy for voice vs. for basic needs Q39. Democracy for voice vs. for basic needs Q39. Democracy for voice vs. for basic needs Q39. Democracy for voice vs. for basic needs Q39. Democracy for voice vs. for basic needs 24301 -1 98 -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very strongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q40. Satisfaction with democracy Q40. Satisfaction with democracy Q40. Satisfaction with democracy Q40. Satisfaction with democracy Q40. Satisfaction with democracy 24301 -1 98 -1 Missing Country is not a democracy 1 Not at all satisfied 2 Not very satisfied 3 Fairly satisfied 4 Very satisfied 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Q41a. Careful about what you say Q41a. Careful about what you say Q41a. Careful about what you say Q41a. Careful about what you say Q41a. Careful about what you say 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Rarely 2 Often 3 Always 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q41b. Party competition leads to conflict Q41b. Party competition leads to conflict Q41b. Party competition leads to conflict Q41b. Party competition leads to conflict Q41b. Party competition leads to conflict 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Rarely 2 Often 3 Always 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q41c. President ignores the Constitution Q41c. President ignores the Constitution Q41c. President ignores the Constitution Q41c. President ignores the Constitution Q41c. President ignores the Constitution 24301 -1 98 -1 Missing Never 1 Rarely 2 Often 3 Always 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q41d. People are treated unequally Q41d. People are treated unequally Q41d. People are treated unequally Q41d. People are treated unequally Q41d. People are treated unequally 24301 -1 98 -1 Missing Never 1 Rarely 2 Often 3 Always 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q42a. Constitution expresses values and aspirations Q42a. Constitution expresses values and aspirations Q42a. Constitution expresses values and aspirations Q42a. Constitution expresses values and aspirations Q42a. Constitution expresses values and aspirations 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disagree 2 Disagree 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 4 Agree 5 Strongly Agree 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q42b. Courts make binding decisions Q42b. Courts make binding decisions Q42b. Courts make binding decisions Q42b. Courts make binding decisions Q42b. Courts make binding decisions 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disagree 2 Disagree 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 4 Agree 5 Strongly Agree 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q42c. People must obey the law Q42c. People must obey the law Q42c. People must obey the law Q42c. People must obey the law Q42c. People must obey the law 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disagree 2 Disagree 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 4 Agree 5 Strongly Agree 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q42d. People must pay taxes Q42d. People must pay taxes Q42d. People must pay taxes Q42d. People must pay taxes Q42d. People must pay taxes 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disagree 2 Disagree 3 Neither Agree Nor Disagree 4 Agree 5 Strongly Agree 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q43a. Trust the President Q43a. Trust the President Q43a. Trust the President Q43a. Trust the President Q43a. Trust the President 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing Not at all 1 A little bit 2 A lot 3 A very great deal 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 98 Refused Q43b. Trust Parliament/National Assembly Q43b. Trust Parliament/National Assembly Q43b. Trust Parliament/National Assembly Q43b. Trust Parliament/National Assembly Q43b. Trust Parliament/National Assembly 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing Not at all 1 A little bit 2 A lot 3 A very great deal 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 98 Refused Q43c. Trust the National Electoral Commission Q43c. Trust the National Electoral Commission Q43c. Trust the National Electoral Commission Q43c. Trust the National Electoral Commission Q43c. Trust the National Electoral Commission 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing Not at all 1 A little bit 2 A lot 3 A very great deal 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 98 Refused Q43d. Trust the regional government body Q43d. Trust the regional government body Q43d. Trust the regional government body Q43d. Trust the regional government body Q43d. Trust the regional government body 24301 -1 98 -1 Missing Not at all 1 A little bit 2 A lot 3 A very great deal 7 Not Applicable or Not Asked 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough 98 Refused Q43e. Trust the local government body Q43e. Trust the local government body Q43e. Trust the local government body Q43e. Trust the local government body Q43e. Trust the local government body 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing Not at all 1 A little bit 2 A lot 3 A very great deal 7 Not applicable 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 98 Refused Q43f. Trust the ruling party Q43f. Trust the ruling party Q43f. Trust the ruling party Q43f. Trust the ruling party Q43f. Trust the ruling party 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing Not at all 1 A little bit 2 A lot 3 A very great deal 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 98 Refused Q43g. Trust opposition political parties/organizations Q43g. Trust opposition political parties/organizations Q43g. Trust opposition political parties/organizations Q43g. Trust opposition political parties/organizations Q43g. Trust opposition political parties/organizations 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing Not at all 1 A little bit 2 A lot 3 A very great deal 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 98 Refused Q43h. Trust the army Q43h. Trust the army Q43h. Trust the army Q43h. Trust the army Q43h. Trust the army 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing Not at all 1 A little bit 2 A lot 3 A very great deal 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 98 Refused Q43i. Trust the police Q43i. Trust the police Q43i. Trust the police Q43i. Trust the police Q43i. Trust the police 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing Not at all 1 A little bit 2 A lot 3 A very great deal 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 98 Refused Q43j. Trust courts of law Q43j. Trust courts of law Q43j. Trust courts of law Q43j. Trust courts of law Q43j. Trust courts of law 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing Not at all 1 A little bit 2 A lot 3 A very great deal 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 98 Refused Q43k. Trust traditional leaders Q43k. Trust traditional leaders Q43k. Trust traditional leaders Q43k. Trust traditional leaders Q43k. Trust traditional leaders 24301 -1 97 -1 Missing Not at all 1 A little bit 2 A lot 3 A very great deal 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 97 Not applicable 98 Refused Q43l. Trust government broadcasting service Q43l. Trust government broadcasting service Q43l. Trust government broadcasting service Q43l. Trust government broadcasting service Q43l. Trust government broadcasting service 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing Not at all 1 A little bit 2 A lot 3 A very great deal 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 98 Refused Q43m. Trust independent broadcasting services Q43m. Trust independent broadcasting services Q43m. Trust independent broadcasting services Q43m. Trust independent broadcasting services Q43m. Trust independent broadcasting services 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing Not at all 1 A little bit 2 A lot 3 A very great deal 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 98 Refused Sysmiss Q43n. Trust government newspapers Q43n. Trust government newspapers Q43n. Trust government newspapers Q43n. Trust government newspapers Q43n. Trust government newspapers 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing Not at all 1 A little bit 2 A lot 3 A very great deal 7 Not applicable 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 98 Refused Q43o. Trust independent newspapers Q43o. Trust independent newspapers Q43o. Trust independent newspapers Q43o. Trust independent newspapers Q43o. Trust independent newspapers 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing Not at all 1 A little bit 2 A lot 3 A very great deal 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 98 Refused Q43p. Trust traders in local markets Q43p. Trust traders in local markets Q43p. Trust traders in local markets Q43p. Trust traders in local markets Q43p. Trust traders in local markets 23197 1104 -1 98 -1 Missing Not at all 1 A little bit 2 A lot 3 A very great deal 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 98 Refused Sysmiss Q43q. Trust small businesses/shopkeepers Q43q. Trust small businesses/shopkeepers Q43q. Trust small businesses/shopkeepers Q43q. Trust small businesses/shopkeepers Q43q. Trust small businesses/shopkeepers 23197 1104 -1 98 -1 Missing Not at all 1 A little bit 2 A lot 3 A very great deal 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 98 Refused Sysmiss Q43r. Trust big private corporations Q43r. Trust big private corporations Q43r. Trust big private corporations Q43r. Trust big private corporations Q43r. Trust big private corporations 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing Not at all 1 A little bit 2 A lot 3 A very great deal 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 98 Refused Sysmiss Q43s. Trust public corporations Q43s. Trust public corporations Q43s. Trust public corporations Q43s. Trust public corporations Q43s. Trust public corporations 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing Not at all 1 A little bit 2 A lot 3 A very great deal 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 98 Refused Sysmiss Q44pt1. Most important problems - 1st response Q44pt1. Most important problems - 1st response Q44pt1. Most important problems - 1st response Q44pt1. Most important problems - 1st response Q44pt1. Most important problems - 1st response 24301 -1 999 -1 Missing data Nothing/No problems 1 Unemployment 2 Management of the economy 3 Poverty/destitution 4 Farming/agriculture 5 Food shortage/famine 6 Communications 7 Wages, incomes and salaries 8 Rates and Taxes 9 Education 10 Health 11 aids 12 Crime and Security 13 Water supply 14 Services (other) 15 Transportation 16 Housing 17 Corruption 18 Political violence 19 Political instability/political divisions/ethnic tensions 20 Discrimination/inequality 21 Gender issues/women's rights 22 Democracy/political rights 23 War (international) 24 Civil war 25 Drought 26 Orphans/street children/homeless children 27 Infrastructure/roads 28 Loans/credit 29 Land 30 Electricity 31 Religious conflict 32 Social welfare (care of widows, elderly, poor) 33 Social problems (alcohol or drug abuse, prostitution,etc.) 34 Discrimination/inequality/equal opportunity 35 Overpopulation 36 Colonialism 50 Privatizations of public companies 51 Emigration 52 Youth problems 53 Sanitary problems 60 Leadership 80 No mills 81 No shops/warehouses 82 Floods 160 Protection of citizens living/working elsewhere 161 Promotion or implementation of decentralization 163 Environmental problems 180 Governance 260 Petroleum/fuel/petrol problems (scarcity, proce, etc.) 270 Individual attitudes ro behaviors (greed, hate, dishonesty) 380 Terrorism 381 Transitional justice 382 Protect/promote/revive business and industry 383 Control wild animals 384 Lack of rural development 995 Other 996 No reply/no further reply 998 Refused 999 Don't know Q44pt2. Most important problems - 2nd mention Q44pt2. Most important problems - 2nd mention Q44pt2. Most important problems - 2nd mention Q44pt2. Most important problems - 2nd mention Q44pt2. Most important problems - 2nd mention 24301 -1 996 -1 Missing data Nothing/No problems 1 Unemployment 2 Management of the economy 3 Poverty/destitution 4 Farming/agriculture 5 Food shortage/famine 6 Communications 7 Wages, incomes and salaries 8 Rates and Taxes 9 Education 10 Health 11 aids 12 Crime and Security 13 Water supply 14 Services (other) 15 Transportation 16 Housing 17 Corruption 18 Political violence 19 Political instability/political divisions/ethnic tensions 20 Discrimination/inequality 21 Gender issues/women's rights 22 Democracy/political rights 23 War (international) 24 Civil war 25 Drought 26 Orphans/street children/homeless children 27 Infrastructure/roads 28 Loans/credit 29 Land 30 Electricity 31 Religious conflict 32 Social welfare (care of widows, elderly, poor) 33 Social problems (alcohol or drug abuse, prostitution,etc.) 34 Discrimination/inequality/equal opportunity 35 Overpopulation 36 Colonialism 50 Privatizations of public companies 51 Emigration 52 Youth problems 53 Sanitary problems 60 Leadership 80 No mills 81 No shops/warehouses 82 Floods 160 Protection of citizens living/working elsewhere 161 Promotion or implementation of decentralization 163 Environmental problems 180 Governance 260 Petroleum/fuel/petrol problems (scarcity, proce, etc.) 270 Individual attitudes ro behaviors (greed, hate, dishonesty) 380 Terrorism 381 Transitional justice 382 Protect/promote/revive business and industry 383 Control wild animals 384 Lack of rural development 995 Other 996 No reply/no further reply 998 Refused 999 Don't know Q44pt3. Most important problems - 3rd mention Q44pt3. Most important problems - 3rd mention Q44pt3. Most important problems - 3rd mention Q44pt3. Most important problems - 3rd mention Q44pt3. Most important problems - 3rd mention 24301 -1 996 -1 Missing data Nothing/No problems 1 Unemployment 2 Management of the economy 3 Poverty/destitution 4 Farming/agriculture 5 Food shortage/famine 6 Communications 7 Wages, incomes and salaries 8 Rates and Taxes 9 Education 10 Health 11 aids 12 Crime and Security 13 Water supply 14 Services (other) 15 Transportation 16 Housing 17 Corruption 18 Political violence 19 Political instability/political divisions/ethnic tensions 20 Discrimination/inequality 21 Gender issues/women's rights 22 Democracy/political rights 23 War (international) 24 Civil war 25 Drought 26 Orphans/street children/homeless children 27 Infrastructure/roads 28 Loans/credit 29 Land 30 Electricity 31 Religious conflict 32 Social welfare (care of widows, elderly, poor) 33 Social problems (alcohol or drug abuse, prostitution,etc.) 34 Discrimination/inequality/equal opportunity 35 Overpopulation 36 Colonialism 50 Privatizations of public companies 51 Emigration 52 Youth problems 53 Sanitary problems 60 Leadership 80 No mills 81 No shops/warehouses 82 Floods 160 Protection of citizens living/working elsewhere 161 Promotion or implementation of decentralization 163 Environmental problems 180 Governance 260 Petroleum/fuel/petrol problems (scarcity, proce, etc.) 270 Individual attitudes ro behaviors (greed, hate, dishonesty) 380 Terrorism 381 Transitional justice 382 Protect/promote/revive business and industry 383 Control wild animals 384 Lack of rural development 995 Other 996 No reply/no further reply 998 Refused 999 Don't know Q45a. Handling managing the economy Q45a. Handling managing the economy Q45a. Handling managing the economy Q45a. Handling managing the economy Q45a. Handling managing the economy 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 98 Refused Q45b. Handling creating jobs Q45b. Handling creating jobs Q45b. Handling creating jobs Q45b. Handling creating jobs Q45b. Handling creating jobs 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 98 Refused Q45c. Handling keeping prices stable Q45c. Handling keeping prices stable Q45c. Handling keeping prices stable Q45c. Handling keeping prices stable Q45c. Handling keeping prices stable 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 98 Refused Q45d. Handling narrowing gaps between rich and poor Q45d. Handling narrowing gaps between rich and poor Q45d. Handling narrowing gaps between rich and poor Q45d. Handling narrowing gaps between rich and poor Q45d. Handling narrowing gaps between rich and poor 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 98 Refused Q45e. Handling reducing crime Q45e. Handling reducing crime Q45e. Handling reducing crime Q45e. Handling reducing crime Q45e. Handling reducing crime 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 98 Refused Q45f. Handling improving basic health services Q45f. Handling improving basic health services Q45f. Handling improving basic health services Q45f. Handling improving basic health services Q45f. Handling improving basic health services 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 98 Refused Q45g. Handling addressing educational needs Q45g. Handling addressing educational needs Q45g. Handling addressing educational needs Q45g. Handling addressing educational needs Q45g. Handling addressing educational needs 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 98 Refused Q45h. Handling delivering household water Q45h. Handling delivering household water Q45h. Handling delivering household water Q45h. Handling delivering household water Q45h. Handling delivering household water 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 98 Refused Q45i. Handling ensuring everyone has enough to eat Q45i. Handling ensuring everyone has enough to eat Q45i. Handling ensuring everyone has enough to eat Q45i. Handling ensuring everyone has enough to eat Q45i. Handling ensuring everyone has enough to eat 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 98 Refused Q45j. Handling fighting corruption in government Q45j. Handling fighting corruption in government Q45j. Handling fighting corruption in government Q45j. Handling fighting corruption in government Q45j. Handling fighting corruption in government 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 98 Refused Q45k. Handling resolving conflicts between communities Q45k. Handling resolving conflicts between communities Q45k. Handling resolving conflicts between communities Q45k. Handling resolving conflicts between communities Q45k. Handling resolving conflicts between communities 23197 1104 -1 98 -1 Missing 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 98 Refused Sysmiss Q45k1. Handling combating Malaria Q45k1. Handling combating Malaria Q45k1. Handling combating Malaria Q45k1. Handling combating Malaria Q45k1. Handling combating Malaria 23197 1104 -1 97 -1 Missing 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 97 Not Asked 98 Refused Sysmiss Q45l. Handling combating HIV/AIDS Q45l. Handling combating HIV/AIDS Q45l. Handling combating HIV/AIDS Q45l. Handling combating HIV/AIDS Q45l. Handling combating HIV/AIDS 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Very Badly 2 Fairly Badly 3 Fairly Well 4 Very Well 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 98 Refused Q46. Resources to combat AIDS vs. other problems Q46. Resources to combat AIDS vs. other problems Q46. Resources to combat AIDS vs. other problems Q46. Resources to combat AIDS vs. other problems Q46. Resources to combat AIDS vs. other problems 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very strongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q47. Proportion of problems solveable Q47. Proportion of problems solveable Q47. Proportion of problems solveable Q47. Proportion of problems solveable Q47. Proportion of problems solveable 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing None of them 1 Very few of them 2 Some of them 3 Most of them 4 All of them 9 Don't know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q48a. Performance: President Q48a. Performance: President Q48a. Performance: President Q48a. Performance: President Q48a. Performance: President 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disapprove 2 Disapprove 3 Approve 4 Strongly Approve 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 98 Refused Q48b. Performance: Member of Parliament Q48b. Performance: Member of Parliament Q48b. Performance: Member of Parliament Q48b. Performance: Member of Parliament Q48b. Performance: Member of Parliament 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disapprove 2 Disapprove 3 Approve 4 Strongly Approve 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 98 Refused Sysmiss Q48c. Performance: Regional Govenrment / Official / Assembly Q48c. Performance: Regional Govenrment / Official / Assembly Q48c. Performance: Regional Govenrment / Official / Assembly Q48c. Performance: Regional Govenrment / Official / Assembly Q48c. Performance: Regional Govenrment / Official / Assembly 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disapprove 2 Disapprove 3 Approve 4 Strongly Approve 7 Not Applicable or Not Asked 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 98 Refused Q48d. Performance: Local Government / Official / Assembly Q48d. Performance: Local Government / Official / Assembly Q48d. Performance: Local Government / Official / Assembly Q48d. Performance: Local Government / Official / Assembly Q48d. Performance: Local Government / Official / Assembly 24301 -1 98 -1 Missing 1 Strongly Disapprove 2 Disapprove 3 Approve 4 Strongly Approve 7 Not applicable 9 Don't know/Haven't heard enough 98 Refused Q49a. Responsibilities of parliament representative - 1st response Q49a. Responsibilities of parliament representative - 1st response Q49a. Responsibilities of parliament representative - 1st response Q49a. Responsibilities of parliament representative - 1st response Q49a. Responsibilities of parliament representative - 1st response 23197 1104 -1 999 -1 Missing data None/No responsibilities 1 Make laws 2 Approve/ratify budget 3 Listen to the people 4 Represent the people 5 Check and balance executive branch 6 Deliver development 7 Fight corruption 8 Make the government work better 9 Ensure economic equality 10 Spend their own money in the constituency 11 To ensure justice 12 To rule/to govern 13 Ensure national unity 14 National security 15 Interpret laws/constitution 16 Civic education 17 Environment 20 Implement education policies 21 Implement health policies 22 Create employment 23 Control prices 24 Control crime 25 Manage the macro-economy 26 Help the poor 27 Improve infrastructure 28 International relations 29 Ensure/protect/promote democracy 30 Handle AIDS issues/AIDS awareness 31 Debate/discuss/solve pr 32 Social welfare issues (fight poverty, assist poor, elderly) 33 Manage land issues/land distribution 34 Improve agriculture/assist farmers 35 Housing issues 50 Help the population 51 Keep promises/honesty/obey the law 60 Improve water supply 61 Give us feedback from the govt. or parliament 62 Give loans, help people get loan 63 Improve electiricity supply 64 To advise/guide/teach/inform the people 65 Assist women (with jobs, education, right, ets.) 66 Reduce taxes/help with taxes 67 Connect the people and the government 80 Control the population 165 Work for themselves 180 Clear water 260 Address petrol/fuel problems (scarcity, prices, etc.) 261 Provide social amenities (general) 380 Assisting communities or individuals with fundraising 381 Promote/support businesses 382 Focus on national problems 383 Improve sanitation 384 Control of or protection from wild animals 385 Provide food/Ensure acess to food 386 Help self-help groups/projects 387 Help needy with school fees 388 Assist constituents with personal problems 995 Other 996 No further reply 998 Refused to answer 999 Don't know Sysmiss Q49b. Responsibilities of parliament representative - 2nd response Q49b. Responsibilities of parliament representative - 2nd response Q49b. Responsibilities of parliament representative - 2nd response Q49b. Responsibilities of parliament representative - 2nd response Q49b. Responsibilities of parliament representative - 2nd response 23197 1104 -1 996 -1 Missing data None/No responsibilities 1 Make laws 2 Approve/ratify budget 3 Listen to the people 4 Represent the people 5 Check and balance executive branch 6 Deliver development 7 Fight corruption 8 Make the government work better 9 Ensure economic equality 10 Spend their own money in the constituency 11 To ensure justice 12 To rule/to govern 13 Ensure national unity 14 National security 15 Interpret laws/constitution 16 Civic education 17 Environment 20 Implement education policies 21 Implement health policies 22 Create employment 23 Control prices 24 Control crime 25 Manage the macro-economy 26 Help the poor 27 Improve infrastructure 28 International relations 29 Ensure/protect/promote democracy 30 Handle AIDS issues/AIDS awareness 31 Debate/discuss/solve pr 32 Social welfare issues (fight poverty, assist poor, elderly) 33 Manage land issues/land distribution 34 Improve agriculture/assist farmers 35 Housing issues 50 Help the population 51 Keep promises/honesty/obey the law 60 Improve water supply 61 Give us feedback from the govt. or parliament 62 Give loans, help people get loan 63 Improve electiricity supply 64 To advise/guide/teach/inform the people 65 Assist women (with jobs, education, right, ets.) 66 Reduce taxes/help with taxes 67 Connect the people and the government 80 Control the population 165 Work for themselves 180 Clear water 260 Address petrol/fuel problems (scarcity, prices, etc.) 261 Provide social amenities (general) 320 380 Assisting communities or individuals with fundraising 381 Promote/support businesses 382 Focus on national problems 383 Improve sanitation 384 Control of or protection from wild animals 385 Provide food/Ensure acess to food 386 Help self-help groups/projects 387 Help needy with school fees 388 Assist constituents with personal problems 995 Other 996 No further reply 998 Refused to answer 999 Don't know Sysmiss Q49c. Responsibilities of parliament representative - 3rd response Q49c. Responsibilities of parliament representative - 3rd response Q49c. Responsibilities of parliament representative - 3rd response Q49c. Responsibilities of parliament representative - 3rd response Q49c. Responsibilities of parliament representative - 3rd response 23197 1104 -1 996 -1 Missing data None/No responsibilities 1 Make laws 2 Approve/ratify budget 3 Listen to the people 4 Represent the people 5 Check and balance executive branch 6 Deliver development 7 Fight corruption 8 Make the government work better 9 Ensure economic equality 10 Spend their own money in the constituency 11 To ensure justice 12 To rule/to govern 13 Ensure national unity 14 National security 15 Interpret laws/constitution 16 Civic education 17 Environment 20 Implement education policies 21 Implement health policies 22 Create employment 23 Control prices 24 Control crime 25 Manage the macro-economy 26 Help the poor 27 Improve infrastructure 28 International relations 29 Ensure/protect/promote democracy 30 Handle AIDS issues/AIDS awareness 31 Debate/discuss/solve pr 32 Social welfare issues (fight poverty, assist poor, elderly) 33 Manage land issues/land distribution 34 Improve agriculture/assist farmers 35 Housing issues 50 Help the population 51 Keep promises/honesty/obey the law 60 Improve water supply 61 Give us feedback from the govt. or parliament 62 Give loans, help people get loan 63 Improve electiricity supply 64 To advise/guide/teach/inform the people 65 Assist women (with jobs, education, right, ets.) 66 Reduce taxes/help with taxes 67 Connect the people and the government 80 Control the population 165 Work for themselves 180 Clear water 260 Address petrol/fuel problems (scarcity, prices, etc.) 261 Provide social amenities (general) 380 Assisting communities or individuals with fundraising 381 Promote/support businesses 382 Focus on national problems 383 Improve sanitation 384 Control of or protection from wild animals 385 Provide food/Ensure acess to food 386 Help self-help groups/projects 387 Help needy with school fees 388 Assist constituents with personal problems 995 Other 996 No further reply 998 Refused to answer 999 Don't know Sysmiss Q50a. Leaders look after people's interests Q50a. Leaders look after people's interests Q50a. Leaders look after people's interests Q50a. Leaders look after people's interests Q50a. Leaders look after people's interests 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Some of the time 2 Most of the time 3 Always 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q50b. Leaders listen to people Q50b. Leaders listen to people Q50b. Leaders listen to people Q50b. Leaders listen to people Q50b. Leaders listen to people 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Some of the time 2 Most of the time 3 Always 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q51a. Corruption: office of the Presidency Q51a. Corruption: office of the Presidency Q51a. Corruption: office of the Presidency Q51a. Corruption: office of the Presidency Q51a. Corruption: office of the Presidency 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing None 1 Some of them 2 Most of them 3 All of them 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough 98 Refused Q51b. Corruption: elected leaders Q51b. Corruption: elected leaders Q51b. Corruption: elected leaders Q51b. Corruption: elected leaders Q51b. Corruption: elected leaders 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing None 1 Some of them 2 Most of them 3 All of them 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough 98 Refused Q51c. Corruption: government officials Q51c. Corruption: government officials Q51c. Corruption: government officials Q51c. Corruption: government officials Q51c. Corruption: government officials 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing None 1 Some of them 2 Most of them 3 All of them 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough 98 Refused Q51d. Corruption: police Q51d. Corruption: police Q51d. Corruption: police Q51d. Corruption: police Q51d. Corruption: police 24301 -1 98 -1 Missing None 1 Some of them 2 Most of them 3 All of them 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough 98 Refused Q51e. Corruption: border officials Q51e. Corruption: border officials Q51e. Corruption: border officials Q51e. Corruption: border officials Q51e. Corruption: border officials 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing None 1 Some of them 2 Most of them 3 All of them 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough 98 Refused Sysmiss Q51f. Corruption: judges and magistrates Q51f. Corruption: judges and magistrates Q51f. Corruption: judges and magistrates Q51f. Corruption: judges and magistrates Q51f. Corruption: judges and magistrates 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing None 1 Some of them 2 Most of them 3 All of them 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough 98 Refused Q51g. Corruption: local businessmen Q51g. Corruption: local businessmen Q51g. Corruption: local businessmen Q51g. Corruption: local businessmen Q51g. Corruption: local businessmen 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing None 1 Some of them 2 Most of them 3 All of them 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough 98 Refused Q51h. Corruption: foreign businessmen Q51h. Corruption: foreign businessmen Q51h. Corruption: foreign businessmen Q51h. Corruption: foreign businessmen Q51h. Corruption: foreign businessmen 24301 -1 98 -1 Missing None 1 Some of them 2 Most of them 3 All of them 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough 98 Refused Q51i. Corruption: teachers and school administrators Q51i. Corruption: teachers and school administrators Q51i. Corruption: teachers and school administrators Q51i. Corruption: teachers and school administrators Q51i. Corruption: teachers and school administrators 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing None 1 Some of them 2 Most of them 3 All of them 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough 98 Refused Q51j. Corruption: religious leaders Q51j. Corruption: religious leaders Q51j. Corruption: religious leaders Q51j. Corruption: religious leaders Q51j. Corruption: religious leaders 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing None 1 Some of them 2 Most of them 3 All of them 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough 98 Refused Q51k. Corruption: NGO leaders Q51k. Corruption: NGO leaders Q51k. Corruption: NGO leaders Q51k. Corruption: NGO leaders Q51k. Corruption: NGO leaders 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing None 1 Some of them 2 Most of them 3 All of them 9 Don't Know/Haven't heard enough 98 Refused Q52a. Enforce the law: serious crime Q52a. Enforce the law: serious crime Q52a. Enforce the law: serious crime Q52a. Enforce the law: serious crime Q52a. Enforce the law: serious crime 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Not at all likely 2 Not very likely 3 Likely 4 Very likely 9 Don't know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q52b. Enforce the law: tax evasion Q52b. Enforce the law: tax evasion Q52b. Enforce the law: tax evasion Q52b. Enforce the law: tax evasion Q52b. Enforce the law: tax evasion 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Not at all likely 2 Not very likely 3 Likely 4 Very likely 9 Don't know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q52c. Enforce the law: services without paying Q52c. Enforce the law: services without paying Q52c. Enforce the law: services without paying Q52c. Enforce the law: services without paying Q52c. Enforce the law: services without paying 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Not at all likely 2 Not very likely 3 Likely 4 Very likely 9 Don't know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q53a. Present vs. past: ability to enforce the law Q53a. Present vs. past: ability to enforce the law Q53a. Present vs. past: ability to enforce the law Q53a. Present vs. past: ability to enforce the law Q53a. Present vs. past: ability to enforce the law 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Much Less 2 Less 3 About the same 4 More 5 Much More 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q53b. Present vs. past: effective service delivery Q53b. Present vs. past: effective service delivery Q53b. Present vs. past: effective service delivery Q53b. Present vs. past: effective service delivery Q53b. Present vs. past: effective service delivery 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Much Less 2 Less 3 About the same 4 More 5 Much More 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q53c. Present vs. past: corrupt Q53c. Present vs. past: corrupt Q53c. Present vs. past: corrupt Q53c. Present vs. past: corrupt Q53c. Present vs. past: corrupt 23197 1104 -1 98 -1 Missing 1 Much Less 2 Less 3 About the same 4 More 5 Much More 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q53d. Present vs. past: trustworthy Q53d. Present vs. past: trustworthy Q53d. Present vs. past: trustworthy Q53d. Present vs. past: trustworthy Q53d. Present vs. past: trustworthy 23197 1104 -1 98 -1 Missing 1 Much Less 2 Less 3 About the same 4 More 5 Much More 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q53a_new. Effectiveness of AU/OAU Q53a_new. Effectiveness of AU/OAU Q53a_new. Effectiveness of AU/OAU Q53a_new. Effectiveness of AU/OAU Q53a_new. Effectiveness of AU/OAU 23197 1104 -1 99 -1 Missing 00 1 01 2 02 3 03 4 04 5 05 6 06 7 07 8 08 9 09 10 10 98 Refused 99 Don't know/Haven't heard enough Sysmiss Q53b_new. Effectiveness of EU Q53b_new. Effectiveness of EU Q53b_new. Effectiveness of EU Q53b_new. Effectiveness of EU Q53b_new. Effectiveness of EU 23197 1104 -1 99 -1 Missing 00 1 01 2 02 3 03 4 04 5 05 6 06 7 07 8 08 9 09 10 10 98 Refused 99 Don't know/Haven't heard enough Sysmiss Q53c_new. Effectiveness of UN Q53c_new. Effectiveness of UN Q53c_new. Effectiveness of UN Q53c_new. Effectiveness of UN Q53c_new. Effectiveness of UN 23197 1104 -1 99 -1 Missing 00 1 01 2 02 3 03 4 04 5 05 6 06 7 07 8 08 9 09 10 10 98 Refused 99 Don't know/Haven't heard enough Sysmiss Q53d_new. Effectiveness of World Bank Q53d_new. Effectiveness of World Bank Q53d_new. Effectiveness of World Bank Q53d_new. Effectiveness of World Bank Q53d_new. Effectiveness of World Bank 23197 1104 -1 99 -1 Missing 00 1 01 2 02 3 03 4 04 5 05 6 06 7 07 8 08 9 09 10 10 98 Refused 99 Don't know/Haven't heard enough Sysmiss Q53e_new. Effectiveness of IMF Q53e_new. Effectiveness of IMF Q53e_new. Effectiveness of IMF Q53e_new. Effectiveness of IMF Q53e_new. Effectiveness of IMF 23197 1104 -1 99 -1 Missing 00 1 01 2 02 3 03 4 04 5 05 6 06 7 07 8 08 9 09 10 10 98 Refused 99 Don't know/Haven't heard enough Sysmiss Q53f_new. Effectiveness of World Trade Organisation Q53f_new. Effectiveness of World Trade Organisation Q53f_new. Effectiveness of World Trade Organisation Q53f_new. Effectiveness of World Trade Organisation Q53f_new. Effectiveness of World Trade Organisation 23197 1104 -1 99 -1 Missing 00 1 01 2 02 3 03 4 04 5 05 6 06 7 07 8 08 9 09 10 10 98 Refused 99 Don't know/Haven't heard enough Sysmiss Q53g_new. Effectiveness of SADC/ECOWAS/EAC Q53g_new. Effectiveness of SADC/ECOWAS/EAC Q53g_new. Effectiveness of SADC/ECOWAS/EAC Q53g_new. Effectiveness of SADC/ECOWAS/EAC Q53g_new. Effectiveness of SADC/ECOWAS/EAC 23197 1104 -1 99 -1 Missing 00 1 01 2 02 3 03 4 04 5 05 6 06 7 07 8 08 9 09 10 10 98 Refused 99 Don't know/Haven't heard enough Sysmiss Q54. Identity group Q54. Identity group Q54. Identity group Q54. Identity group Q54. Identity group 24301 -1 999 -1 Missing data Can't explain 1 Language/tribe/ethnic group 2 Race 3 Region 4 Religion 5 Occupation 6 Class 7 Gender 8 Individual/personal 10 Won't differentiate/National identity 12 Traditional leader 13 Political party indentity 14 Age-related 15 African/West African/Pan African 16 Island 50 Portuguese 51 American 60 Family/relationship-based (e.g., wife, parent, widow, etc.) 61 Marginalized group (e.g., disabled, stc.) 100 Unemployed 995 Other 998 Refused to answer 999 Don't know Q55. Identity group's economic conditions Q55. Identity group's economic conditions Q55. Identity group's economic conditions Q55. Identity group's economic conditions Q55. Identity group's economic conditions 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Much Better 2 Better 3 About the same 4 Worse 5 Much Worse 7 Not applicable 8 Refused 9 Don't know Q56. Identity group treated unfairly Q56. Identity group treated unfairly Q56. Identity group treated unfairly Q56. Identity group treated unfairly Q56. Identity group treated unfairly 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Sometimes 2 Often 3 Always 7 Not applicable 8 Refused 9 Don't know Q57. Group or national identity Q57. Group or national identity Q57. Group or national identity Q57. Group or national identity Q57. Group or national identity 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing National identity 1 Group identity 7 Not applicable 8 Refused 9 Don't know Q58a. Difficulty to obtain identity document Q58a. Difficulty to obtain identity document Q58a. Difficulty to obtain identity document Q58a. Difficulty to obtain identity document Q58a. Difficulty to obtain identity document 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Very Difficult 2 Difficult 3 Easy 4 Very Easy 7 Never Try 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q58b. Difficulty to obtain primary school placement Q58b. Difficulty to obtain primary school placement Q58b. Difficulty to obtain primary school placement Q58b. Difficulty to obtain primary school placement Q58b. Difficulty to obtain primary school placement 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Very Difficult 2 Difficult 3 Easy 4 Very Easy 7 Never Try 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q58c. Difficulty to obtain voter registration card Q58c. Difficulty to obtain voter registration card Q58c. Difficulty to obtain voter registration card Q58c. Difficulty to obtain voter registration card Q58c. Difficulty to obtain voter registration card 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Very Difficult 2 Difficult 3 Easy 4 Very Easy 7 Never Try 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q58d. Difficulty to obtain household services Q58d. Difficulty to obtain household services Q58d. Difficulty to obtain household services Q58d. Difficulty to obtain household services Q58d. Difficulty to obtain household services 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Very Difficult 2 Difficult 3 Easy 4 Very Easy 7 Never Try 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q58e. Difficulty to obtain government loan or payment Q58e. Difficulty to obtain government loan or payment Q58e. Difficulty to obtain government loan or payment Q58e. Difficulty to obtain government loan or payment Q58e. Difficulty to obtain government loan or payment 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Very Difficult 2 Difficult 3 Easy 4 Very Easy 7 Never Try 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q58f. Difficulty to obtain help from the police Q58f. Difficulty to obtain help from the police Q58f. Difficulty to obtain help from the police Q58f. Difficulty to obtain help from the police Q58f. Difficulty to obtain help from the police 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Very Difficult 2 Difficult 3 Easy 4 Very Easy 7 Never Try 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q59a. Pay bribe for: document or permit Q59a. Pay bribe for: document or permit Q59a. Pay bribe for: document or permit Q59a. Pay bribe for: document or permit Q59a. Pay bribe for: document or permit 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Once or Twice 2 A Few Times 3 Often 4 Always (Moz. only) 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Q59b. Pay bribe for: school placement Q59b. Pay bribe for: school placement Q59b. Pay bribe for: school placement Q59b. Pay bribe for: school placement Q59b. Pay bribe for: school placement 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Once or Twice 2 A Few Times 3 Often 4 Always (Moz. only) 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Q59c. Pay bribe for: get household service Q59c. Pay bribe for: get household service Q59c. Pay bribe for: get household service Q59c. Pay bribe for: get household service Q59c. Pay bribe for: get household service 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Once or Twice 2 A Few Times 3 Often 4 Always (Moz. only) 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Q59d. Pay bribe for: cross a border Q59d. Pay bribe for: cross a border Q59d. Pay bribe for: cross a border Q59d. Pay bribe for: cross a border Q59d. Pay bribe for: cross a border 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Once or Twice 2 A Few Times 3 Often 4 Always (Moz. only) 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q59e. Pay bribe for: avoid problem with police Q59e. Pay bribe for: avoid problem with police Q59e. Pay bribe for: avoid problem with police Q59e. Pay bribe for: avoid problem with police Q59e. Pay bribe for: avoid problem with police 24301 -1 98 -1 Missing Never 1 Once or Twice 2 A Few Times 3 Often 4 Always (Moz. only) 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Q59f. Pay bribe for: anything else Q59f. Pay bribe for: anything else Q59f. Pay bribe for: anything else Q59f. Pay bribe for: anything else Q59f. Pay bribe for: anything else 23197 1104 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Once or Twice 2 A Few Times 3 Often 4 Always (Moz. only) 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q59g. What else? Q59g. What else? Q59g. What else? Q59g. What else? Q59g. What else? 23197 1104 -1 997 -1 Missing 1 To get a government job 2 To get healthcare 3 For university placement/exemption 6 To get products through customs 7 To join a political party 80 To obtain justice 160 To get a benefit from the government 180 In courts of Law 260 Collecting examination results 261 Providing good roads 262 To get National identity card 263 To purchase essential items e.g. Kerosine 380 To security officers for protection of property 381 To avoid or solve a problem with the police 995 Other 997 Not applicable Sysmiss Q60. Do if permit/license delay Q60. Do if permit/license delay Q60. Do if permit/license delay Q60. Do if permit/license delay Q60. Do if permit/license delay 23197 1104 -1 999 -1 Missing 1 Don't worry, just wait 2 Offer a tip or a gift to the official 3 Use connections to influential people 4 Write a letter to the head office 5 Do what you want without the permit 6 Do nothing because nothing can be done 260 Pray to God 320 Contact the media 321 Reapply 380 Go to the office and ask why, demand assistance 381 Take them to court 995 Other 998 Refused 999 Don't know Sysmiss Q61. People responsible for well-being vs. government Q61. People responsible for well-being vs. government Q61. People responsible for well-being vs. government Q61. People responsible for well-being vs. government Q61. People responsible for well-being vs. government 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very strongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q62. Community well-being vs. individual interests Q62. Community well-being vs. individual interests Q62. Community well-being vs. individual interests Q62. Community well-being vs. individual interests Q62. Community well-being vs. individual interests 23197 1104 -1 98 -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very strongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q63. Wealth differences ok vs. avoid large gaps Q63. Wealth differences ok vs. avoid large gaps Q63. Wealth differences ok vs. avoid large gaps Q63. Wealth differences ok vs. avoid large gaps Q63. Wealth differences ok vs. avoid large gaps 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very strongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q64. Talk until consensus vs. accept differences Q64. Talk until consensus vs. accept differences Q64. Talk until consensus vs. accept differences Q64. Talk until consensus vs. accept differences Q64. Talk until consensus vs. accept differences 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very strongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q65. Question actions of leaders vs. respect authority Q65. Question actions of leaders vs. respect authority Q65. Question actions of leaders vs. respect authority Q65. Question actions of leaders vs. respect authority Q65. Question actions of leaders vs. respect authority 23197 1104 -1 98 -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very strongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q66. All vote vs. only educated vote Q66. All vote vs. only educated vote Q66. All vote vs. only educated vote Q66. All vote vs. only educated vote Q66. All vote vs. only educated vote 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very strongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q67. Women subject to traditional laws vs. equal rights Q67. Women subject to traditional laws vs. equal rights Q67. Women subject to traditional laws vs. equal rights Q67. Women subject to traditional laws vs. equal rights Q67. Women subject to traditional laws vs. equal rights 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very strongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q68. Wealthy people as leaders vs. ordinary people Q68. Wealthy people as leaders vs. ordinary people Q68. Wealthy people as leaders vs. ordinary people Q68. Wealthy people as leaders vs. ordinary people Q68. Wealthy people as leaders vs. ordinary people 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very strongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q69. Leaders treat all equally vs. help own community Q69. Leaders treat all equally vs. help own community Q69. Leaders treat all equally vs. help own community Q69. Leaders treat all equally vs. help own community Q69. Leaders treat all equally vs. help own community 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very strongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q70. Government like a parent vs. an employee Q70. Government like a parent vs. an employee Q70. Government like a parent vs. an employee Q70. Government like a parent vs. an employee Q70. Government like a parent vs. an employee 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very strongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q71a. Violent conflicts within family Q71a. Violent conflicts within family Q71a. Violent conflicts within family Q71a. Violent conflicts within family Q71a. Violent conflicts within family 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Rarely 2 Sometimes 3 Often 4 Always 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q71b. Violent conflicts within community Q71b. Violent conflicts within community Q71b. Violent conflicts within community Q71b. Violent conflicts within community Q71b. Violent conflicts within community 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Rarely 2 Sometimes 3 Often 4 Always 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q71c. Violent conflicts between groups in country Q71c. Violent conflicts between groups in country Q71c. Violent conflicts between groups in country Q71c. Violent conflicts between groups in country Q71c. Violent conflicts between groups in country 23197 1104 -1 98 -1 Missing Never 1 Rarely 2 Sometimes 3 Often 4 Always 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q72a. Cause of violent conflicts-- 1st response Q72a. Cause of violent conflicts-- 1st response Q72a. Cause of violent conflicts-- 1st response Q72a. Cause of violent conflicts-- 1st response Q72a. Cause of violent conflicts-- 1st response 23197 1104 -1 999 -1 Missing data Nothing 1 Religion 2 Ethnic/tribal differences 3 Exclusion from political leadership 4 Political party disputes 5 Political leadership disputes 6 Personal properties / inheritance 7 Natural resources 8 Boundary or land disputes 9 Economic problems 10 Social deprivation 11 Traditional leadership disputes 12 Location of local government centers 13 Interpersonal/family matters 14 Group conflict 15 Corruption/illegal activity 16 Labour/workplace disputes 17 Sports supporters 18 Human rights/legal issues/injustices 19 Personal behaviors 20 Crime 21 Discrimination/inequality 22 Politics/political issues 23 Poor communications/misunderstandings 24 Social issues (gay rights, prostitution) 25 Overpopulation 26 Lack of respect for elders or other people 27 Unwanted children/orphans 28 Business competition 29 Loans/unpaid debts 50 Alcoholism/drinking/alcohol 51 Drugs/drug use 52 Racism 53 Lack of education/ignorance 54 Envy/speaking badly/gossip 55 Lack of respect for others/scorn/superiority 56 Hate 60 Poor leadership 61 Bad governance 62 Disagreements/difference of opinion 63 Lack of cooperation/disunity/mistrust 64 Insecurity/instability, availability of weapons 65 Gender issues 66 Witchcraft 67 Income distribution/gap between rich and poor 68 Greed 70 Animals/livestock 71 International relations 72 Disease 86 Cultural differences 90 Immigration (including illegal) 120 Problems over women 167 Problems over water 168 Fate/destiny 171 Decentralization 176 Fighting for other things 180 Stock Theft 260 Problems over fuel/petrol/oil (scarcity, prices, etc.) 263 Employment/unemployment 320 Abuse of women and children 380 Rent/housing issues 381 Competition for transport routes 382 Political incitement (deliberate instigation of conflict) 383 Terrorism 384 Hawkers/street vendors fights 385 Intermarrage (between ethnic groups) 386 Student unrest 387 Vigilant groups 995 Other 996 No further reply 997 Not applicable 998 Refused to answer 999 Don't know Sysmiss Q72b. Cause of violent conflicts -- 2nd response Q72b. Cause of violent conflicts -- 2nd response Q72b. Cause of violent conflicts -- 2nd response Q72b. Cause of violent conflicts -- 2nd response Q72b. Cause of violent conflicts -- 2nd response 23197 1104 -1 997 -1 Missing data Nothing 1 Religion 2 Ethnic/tribal differences 3 Exclusion from political leadership 4 Political party disputes 5 Political leadership disputes 6 Personal properties / inheritance 7 Natural resources 8 Boundary or land disputes 9 Economic problems 10 Social deprivation 11 Traditional leadership disputes 12 Location of local government centers 13 Interpersonal/family matters 14 Group conflict 15 Corruption/illegal activity 16 Labour/workplace disputes 17 Sports supporters 18 Human rights/legal issues/injustices 19 Personal behaviors 20 Crime 21 Discrimination/inequality 22 Politics/political issues 23 Poor communications/misunderstandings 24 Social issues (gay rights, prostitution) 25 Overpopulation 26 Lack of respect for elders or other people 27 Unwanted children/orphans 28 Business competition 29 Loans/unpaid debts 50 Alcoholism/drinking/alcohol 51 Drugs/drug use 52 Racism 53 Lack of education/ignorance 54 Envy/speaking badly/gossip 55 Lack of respect for others/scorn/superiority 56 Hate 60 Poor leadership 61 Bad governance 62 Disagreements/difference of opinion 63 Lack of cooperation/disunity/mistrust 64 Insecurity/instability, availability of weapons 65 Gender issues 66 Witchcraft 67 Income distribution/gap between rich and poor 68 Greed 70 Animals/livestock 71 International relations 72 Disease 86 Cultural differences 90 Immigration (including illegal) 120 Problems over women 167 Problems over water 168 Fate/destiny 171 Decentralization 176 Fighting for other things 180 Stock Theft 260 Problems over fuel/petrol/oil (scarcity, prices, etc.) 263 Employment/unemployment 320 Abuse of women and children 380 Rent/housing issues 381 Competition for transport routes 382 Political incitement (deliberate instigation of conflict) 383 Terrorism 384 Hawkers/street vendors fights 385 Intermarrage (between ethnic groups) 386 Student unrest 387 Vigilant groups 995 Other 996 No further reply 997 Not applicable 998 Refused to answer 999 Don't know Sysmiss Q72c. Cause of violent conflicts -- 3rd response Q72c. Cause of violent conflicts -- 3rd response Q72c. Cause of violent conflicts -- 3rd response Q72c. Cause of violent conflicts -- 3rd response Q72c. Cause of violent conflicts -- 3rd response 23197 1104 -1 997 -1 Missing data Nothing 1 Religion 2 Ethnic/tribal differences 3 Exclusion from political leadership 4 Political party disputes 5 Political leadership disputes 6 Personal properties / inheritance 7 Natural resources 8 Boundary or land disputes 9 Economic problems 10 Social deprivation 11 Traditional leadership disputes 12 Location of local government centers 13 Interpersonal/family matters 14 Group conflict 15 Corruption/illegal activity 16 Labour/workplace disputes 17 Sports supporters 18 Human rights/legal issues/injustices 19 Personal behaviors 20 Crime 21 Discrimination/inequality 22 Politics/political issues 23 Poor communications/misunderstandings 24 Social issues (gay rights, prostitution) 25 Overpopulation 26 Lack of respect for elders or other people 27 Unwanted children/orphans 28 Business competition 29 Loans/unpaid debts 50 Alcoholism/drinking/alcohol 51 Drugs/drug use 52 Racism 53 Lack of education/ignorance 54 Envy/speaking badly/gossip 55 Lack of respect for others/scorn/superiority 56 Hate 60 Poor leadership 61 Bad governance 62 Disagreements/difference of opinion 63 Lack of cooperation/disunity/mistrust 64 Insecurity/instability, availability of weapons 65 Gender issues 66 Witchcraft 67 Income distribution/gap between rich and poor 68 Greed 70 Animals/livestock 71 International relations 72 Disease 86 Cultural differences 90 Immigration (including illegal) 120 Problems over women 167 Problems over water 168 Fate/destiny 171 Decentralization 176 Fighting for other things 180 Stock Theft 260 Problems over fuel/petrol/oil (scarcity, prices, etc.) 263 Employment/unemployment 320 Abuse of women and children 380 Rent/housing issues 381 Competition for transport routes 382 Political incitement (deliberate instigation of conflict) 383 Terrorism 384 Hawkers/street vendors fights 385 Intermarrage (between ethnic groups) 386 Student unrest 387 Vigilant groups 995 Other 996 No further reply 997 Not applicable 998 Refused to answer 999 Don't know Sysmiss Q73pt1. Who resolves conflicts -- 1st response Q73pt1. Who resolves conflicts -- 1st response Q73pt1. Who resolves conflicts -- 1st response Q73pt1. Who resolves conflicts -- 1st response Q73pt1. Who resolves conflicts -- 1st response 23197 1104 -1 999 -1 Missing No-one 1 The people involved in the conflict 2 Family/friends/neighbors 3 Traditional chiefs/elders/mediators 4 Traditional courts 5 Local courts 6 Local administration 7 A religious organization or leader 8 A non-governmental organization 9 A vigilante group 10 The armed forces/police 11 Other government agencies 12 National courts 13 The armed forces of other countries 14 International mediators 15 Federal Government 16 Divine Intervention/God 17 All levels of government 18 President 19 Law makers 20 Security companies 21 Myself 22 Other community leaders 50 Prime Minister 60 Time 61 Democratic processes (e.g., elections) 62 By moving/separating people in conflict 160 Witches, witchcraft, traditional doctors 380 The cabinet 381 Other senior government officials (e.g., vice president) 382 Media/press 990 Conflicts cannot be resolved 995 Other 996 No further reply 997 Not applicable 998 Refused 999 Don't know Sysmiss Q73pt2. Who resolves conflicts -- 2nd response Q73pt2. Who resolves conflicts -- 2nd response Q73pt2. Who resolves conflicts -- 2nd response Q73pt2. Who resolves conflicts -- 2nd response Q73pt2. Who resolves conflicts -- 2nd response 23197 1104 -1 997 -1 Missing No-one 1 The people involved in the conflict 2 Family/friends/neighbors 3 Traditional chiefs/elders/mediators 4 Traditional courts 5 Local courts 6 Local administration 7 A religious organization or leader 8 A non-governmental organization 9 A vigilante group 10 The armed forces/police 11 Other government agencies 12 National courts 13 The armed forces of other countries 14 International mediators 15 Federal Government 16 Divine Intervention/God 17 All levels of government 18 President 19 Law makers 20 Security companies 21 Myself 22 Other community leaders 50 Prime Minister 60 Time 61 Democratic processes (e.g., elections) 62 By moving/separating people in conflict 160 Witches, witchcraft, traditional doctors 380 The cabinet 381 Other senior government officials (e.g., vice president) 382 Media/press 990 Conflicts cannot be resolved 995 Other 996 No further reply 997 Not applicable 998 Refused 999 Don't know Sysmiss Q73pt3. Who resolves conflicts -- 3rd response Q73pt3. Who resolves conflicts -- 3rd response Q73pt3. Who resolves conflicts -- 3rd response Q73pt3. Who resolves conflicts -- 3rd response Q73pt3. Who resolves conflicts -- 3rd response 23197 1104 -1 997 -1 Missing No-one 1 The people involved in the conflict 2 Family/friends/neighbors 3 Traditional chiefs/elders/mediators 4 Traditional courts 5 Local courts 6 Local administration 7 A religious organization or leader 8 A non-governmental organization 9 A vigilante group 10 The armed forces/police 11 Other government agencies 12 National courts 13 The armed forces of other countries 14 International mediators 15 Federal Government 16 Divine Intervention/God 17 All levels of government 18 President 19 Law makers 20 Security companies 21 Myself 22 Other community leaders 50 Prime Minister 60 Time 61 Democratic processes (e.g., elections) 62 By moving/separating people in conflict 160 Witches, witchcraft, traditional doctors 380 The cabinet 381 Other senior government officials (e.g., vice president) 382 Media/press 990 Conflicts cannot be resolved 995 Other 996 No further reply 997 Not applicable 998 Refused 999 Don't know Sysmiss Q74. Right to beat vs. no use of violence Q74. Right to beat vs. no use of violence Q74. Right to beat vs. no use of violence Q74. Right to beat vs. no use of violence Q74. Right to beat vs. no use of violence 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very strongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q75. Turn to police vs. take revenge Q75. Turn to police vs. take revenge Q75. Turn to police vs. take revenge Q75. Turn to police vs. take revenge Q75. Turn to police vs. take revenge 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very strongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q76. Violence never justified vs. sometimes necessary Q76. Violence never justified vs. sometimes necessary Q76. Violence never justified vs. sometimes necessary Q76. Violence never justified vs. sometimes necessary Q76. Violence never justified vs. sometimes necessary 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very strongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q77. Country should remain united vs. country should break apart Q77. Country should remain united vs. country should break apart Q77. Country should remain united vs. country should break apart Q77. Country should remain united vs. country should break apart Q77. Country should remain united vs. country should break apart 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing 1 Agree very strongly with A 2 Agree with A 3 Agree with B 4 Agree very strongly with B 5 Agree with neither 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q80. Age Q80. Age Q80. Age Q80. Age Q80. Age 24301 -1 999 -1 Missing 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 94 96 97 98 99 100 101 105 998 Refused 999 Don't know Q81. Head of household Q81. Head of household Q81. Head of household Q81. Head of household Q81. Head of household 23197 1104 -1 98 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 9 Don't know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q82. Children <18yrs Q82. Children <18yrs Q82. Children <18yrs Q82. Children <18yrs Q82. Children <18yrs 23197 1104 -1 99 -1 Missing 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 30 31 32 35 36 38 40 45 50 60 70 98 Refused 99 Don't know Sysmiss Q83. Language of respondent Q83. Language of respondent Q83. Language of respondent Q83. Language of respondent Q83. Language of respondent 24301 -1 995 -1 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 50 6 60 7 61 8 62 9 63 10 64 11 65 12 66 13 67 14 68 15 69 16 70 17 71 18 72 19 73 20 74 21 75 22 76 23 77 24 78 25 79 26 80 27 81 28 82 29 83 30 84 31 85 32 86 33 87 34 88 35 89 36 90 37 91 38 92 39 93 40 94 41 95 42 96 43 97 44 98 45 99 46 100 47 101 48 102 49 103 50 104 51 105 52 106 53 107 54 108 55 109 56 120 57 121 58 122 59 123 60 124 61 140 62 141 63 143 64 144 65 145 66 146 67 147 68 148 69 149 70 150 71 151 72 160 73 161 74 162 75 163 76 164 77 165 78 166 79 167 80 168 81 169 82 170 83 171 84 172 85 173 86 174 87 175 88 176 89 177 90 178 91 180 92 182 93 183 94 201 95 202 96 203 97 204 98 205 99 207 100 210 101 211 102 213 103 215 104 220 105 221 106 222 107 223 108 224 109 225 110 240 111 241 112 242 113 243 114 244 115 245 116 246 117 247 118 260 119 261 120 262 121 263 122 264 123 265 124 266 125 267 126 268 127 269 128 270 129 271 130 272 131 273 132 274 133 275 134 276 135 277 136 278 137 279 138 280 139 281 140 282 141 283 142 284 143 300 144 301 145 302 146 303 147 304 148 305 149 306 150 307 151 308 152 309 153 310 154 311 155 312 156 313 157 314 158 315 159 316 160 317 161 318 162 319 163 320 164 321 165 323 166 324 167 325 168 326 169 327 170 328 171 380 172 381 173 382 174 383 175 384 176 385 177 386 178 387 179 388 180 389 181 390 182 391 183 392 184 393 185 394 186 395 187 396 188 397 189 398 190 399 191 440 192 441 193 442 194 443 195 444 196 445 197 446 198 447 199 800 200 801 201 802 202 805 203 806 204 807 205 809 206 995 207 998 208 999 209 Q84. Education of respondent Q84. Education of respondent Q84. Education of respondent Q84. Education of respondent Q84. Education of respondent 24301 -1 99 -1 Missing No formal schooling 1 Informal schooling only 2 Some primary schooling 3 Primary school completed 4 Some secondary school/high school 5 Secondary school completed/high school 6 Post-secondary qualifications, not university 7 Some university, college 8 University, college completed 9 Post-graduate 98 Refused 99 Don't know Q85. Religion of respondent Q85. Religion of respondent Q85. Religion of respondent Q85. Religion of respondent Q85. Religion of respondent 24301 -1 999 -1 Missing None 1 Islam 2 Catholic 3 Protestant (Mainstream) 4 Protestant (Evangelical/Pentecostal) 5 African Independent Church 6 Traditional religion 7 Hindu 8 Agnostic (Do not know if there is a God) 9 Atheist (Do not believe in a God) 10 Christian (general) 11 Jehovah's Witness 12 Seventh Day Adventist/Mormon 13 Racionalismo Cristao/Christian Rationalism 50 Racionalism Cristo 51 Nova Apostolica 52 Igreja Jesus Cristo dos ultima dias 80 Igreja Universal so Reino de Deus 100 Zionist Christian Church 101 Dutch Church 102 Methodist 103 Apostolic 260 Brotherhood Olumba Olumba 380 Sunni Muslim 381 Ithnashiri Muslim (Shi'a) 382 Ismaili Muslim (Shi'a) 383 Khodja Muslim (Shi'a) 385 Memon Muslim (Shi'a) 386 Other Muslim 387 Quaker 388 Neo-traditional religion (Munigiki, Tent of Living God) 995 Other 998 Refused 999 Don't know Q86. How often attend religious services Q86. How often attend religious services Q86. How often attend religious services Q86. How often attend religious services Q86. How often attend religious services 24301 -1 98 -1 Missing 1 Never 2 About once a year or less 3 About once every several months 4 About once a month 5 About once a week 6 More than once a week 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q87a. Close to political party Q87a. Close to political party Q87a. Close to political party Q87a. Close to political party Q87a. Close to political party 24301 -1 999 -1 1 2 50 3 51 4 52 5 53 6 54 7 55 8 56 9 60 10 61 11 62 12 63 13 64 14 65 15 66 16 67 17 68 18 80 19 81 20 82 21 83 22 85 23 100 24 101 25 102 26 103 27 104 28 105 29 106 30 107 31 108 32 109 33 110 34 111 35 112 36 113 37 120 38 121 39 122 40 123 41 124 42 125 43 126 44 127 45 128 46 140 47 141 48 142 49 143 50 160 51 161 52 162 53 163 54 164 55 165 56 166 57 167 58 168 59 169 60 170 61 171 62 172 63 173 64 174 65 175 66 176 67 177 68 178 69 180 70 181 71 182 72 183 73 184 74 185 75 186 76 187 77 188 78 189 79 200 80 201 81 202 82 203 83 204 84 205 85 207 86 220 87 221 88 222 89 223 90 224 91 225 92 240 93 241 94 242 95 243 96 244 97 245 98 250 99 260 100 261 101 262 102 263 103 264 104 265 105 266 106 267 107 268 108 280 109 281 110 282 111 300 112 301 113 302 114 303 115 304 116 305 117 320 118 321 119 322 120 323 121 324 122 360 123 361 124 362 125 380 126 381 127 382 128 383 129 384 130 385 131 386 132 387 133 388 134 995 135 998 136 999 137 Q87b. How close to this political party Q87b. How close to this political party Q87b. How close to this political party Q87b. How close to this political party Q87b. How close to this political party 24301 -1 98 -1 Missing 1 Not very close 2 Somewhat close 3 Very close 7 Not applicable 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q88. Main occupation Q88. Main occupation Q88. Main occupation Q88. Main occupation Q88. Main occupation 24301 -1 999 -1 Missing Never had a job 1 Farmer (produces only for home consumption) 2 Farmer (produces surplus for sale) 3 Farmer (produces mainly for sale) 4 Farm worker 5 Fisherman 6 Trader/Hawker/Vendor 7 Businessperson 8 Professional Worker (e.g., lawyer, accountant, nurse, etc.) 9 Supervisor/Foreman 10 Clerical Worker 12 Miner 14 Domestic Worker/Maid/Char/Househelp 15 Teacher 16 Government Worker 17 Armed Services/Police/ Security Personnel 18 Student 19 Housewife/Works In the Household 22 Retail worker 23 Artisan/skilled manual worker - formal sector 24 Artisan/skilled manual worker - informal sector 25 Unskilled manual in the formal sector 26 Unskilled manual worker in the informal sector 27 Driver 50 Marine/sailor 60 Traditional healer 160 Agent of NGO 161 Local leader/chief/headman 162 Eleveur/cattle breeder 180 Skilled textile factory worker 181 Unskilled textile factory worker 260 Youth corper/national service 261 Clergyman/priest/paster 262 Motor cyclist/okada man 263 Apprentice 380 Religious leader 381 Pastoralist 382 Catering/cook/chef 990 Unemployed 991 Retired 992 Disabled 993 Anything 995 Other 998 Refused 999 Don't know Q89. Employment status Q89. Employment status Q89. Employment status Q89. Employment status Q89. Employment status 24301 -1 98 -1 Missing No (not looking) 1 No (looking) 2 Yes, part time (not looking) 3 Yes, part time (looking) 4 Yes, full time (not looking) 5 Yes, full time (looking) 9 Don't know 60 Traditional healer 98 Refused Q90. Household income Q90. Household income Q90. Household income Q90. Household income Q90. Household income 23197 1104 -1 99 -1 Missing None 1 First decile 2 Second decile 3 Third decile 4 Fourth decile 5 Fifth decile 6 Sixth decile 7 Seventh decile 8 Eighth decile 9 Ninth decile 10 Tenth decile 98 Refused 99 Don't know Sysmiss Q90new. Household income_new Q90new. Household income_new Q90new. Household income_new Q90new. Household income_new Q90new. Household income_new 23197 1104 -1 999 -1 1 2 50 3 51 4 52 5 53 6 54 7 55 8 56 9 57 10 58 11 59 12 60 13 61 14 62 15 63 16 64 17 65 18 66 19 67 20 68 21 69 22 80 23 81 24 82 25 83 26 84 27 85 28 100 29 101 30 102 31 103 32 104 33 105 34 106 35 107 36 108 37 109 38 120 39 121 40 122 41 123 42 124 43 125 44 126 45 127 46 128 47 129 48 140 49 141 50 142 51 143 52 144 53 145 54 146 55 147 56 148 57 149 58 160 59 161 60 162 61 163 62 164 63 165 64 166 65 167 66 168 67 169 68 180 69 181 70 182 71 183 72 184 73 185 74 186 75 187 76 188 77 189 78 200 79 201 80 202 81 203 82 204 83 205 84 206 85 207 86 208 87 209 88 220 89 221 90 222 91 223 92 224 93 225 94 226 95 227 96 228 97 229 98 240 99 241 100 242 101 243 102 244 103 245 104 246 105 247 106 248 107 249 108 260 109 261 110 262 111 263 112 264 113 265 114 266 115 267 116 268 117 269 118 300 119 301 120 302 121 303 122 304 123 305 124 306 125 307 126 308 127 309 128 320 129 321 130 322 131 323 132 324 133 325 134 326 135 327 136 328 137 329 138 380 139 381 140 382 141 383 142 384 143 385 144 386 145 387 146 388 147 389 148 998 149 999 150 Sysmiss Q91. Government salary in household Q91. Government salary in household Q91. Government salary in household Q91. Government salary in household Q91. Government salary in household 23197 1104 -1 98 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 9 Don't know 98 Refused Sysmiss Q92. Household financial situation Q92. Household financial situation Q92. Household financial situation Q92. Household financial situation Q92. Household financial situation 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing Both spend savings AND borrow money 1 Borrow money to live on 2 Spend some savings 3 Spend all income (break even) 4 Save money 9 Don't know 98 Refused Q93a. Physical health Q93a. Physical health Q93a. Physical health Q93a. Physical health Q93a. Physical health 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing Never 1 Just once or twice 2 Many times 3 Always 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Q93b. Mental health Q93b. Mental health Q93b. Mental health Q93b. Mental health Q93b. Mental health 24301 -1 98 -1 Missing Never 1 Just once or twice 2 Many times 3 Always 9 Don't Know 98 Refused Q94. Died of AIDS Q94. Died of AIDS Q94. Died of AIDS Q94. Died of AIDS Q94. Died of AIDS 24301 -1 999 -1 Missing 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 35 38 40 41 42 43 46 49 50 52 53 54 55 60 61 70 79 80 90 99 100 105 125 150 200 350 400 500 990 991 Yes, do have friends/relatives who have died 998 Will not say/Refused 999 Don't know Q95. Perceived survey sponsor Q95. Perceived survey sponsor Q95. Perceived survey sponsor Q95. Perceived survey sponsor Q95. Perceived survey sponsor 24301 -1 999 -1 Missing No one 1 Government (general) 2 Government -- Federal/central 3 Government -- State/regional/provincial 4 Government -- Local 5 President or President's Office 6 State/Regional/Provincial Governor 7 National/Federal Office of Statistics or Census Office 8 National/Federal Ministry of Health 9 NGOs 10 Government Ministry/Agency (general) 12 International Organizations or Actors 13 National/Federal Ministry of Information 20 Research programme/research company (e.g.,RMS) 21 Newspapers/media 22 Political parties/politicians 23 University/college/school 24 Private company 25 Public service company (including utility company) 26 National planning commission 27 White people/boers 28 National/Federal Ministry of Agriculture 29 AB National Partner 30 The courts 31 Religious organization 32 Enemies/people who want to hurt us/take our property 33 Secret service/national intelligence service 50 Prime Minister 51 God 52 Important person 53 Electoral commission 54 Ministry of Finance/Economic Affairs 55 Employment office 56 Ministry of Education or Social Affairs 60 People from the capitia city (e.g., Kampala) 61 Lawyers/ Law society 62 Human rights organizations 63 Your boss 64 Tax department 65 Women/women's organization 66 Inspector General 67 Parliament/National Assembly 68 Constitutional commission 84 The people 85 People who want to help us 160 Strangers 380 An AIDS groups/organizations 382 Foreign intelligence/security (e.g., FBI) 995 Other 998 Refused 999 Don't know 24301 Q96. Gender of respondent Q96. Gender of respondent Q96. Gender of respondent Q96. Gender of respondent Q96. Gender of respondent 24301 1 2 1 Male 2 Female Q96new. Race of respondent Q96new. Race of respondent Q96new. Race of respondent Q96new. Race of respondent Q96new. Race of respondent 24301 -1 97 -1 Missing data 1 Black/African 2 White/European 3 Coloured/Mixed Race 4 Arab/Lebanese 5 South Asian (Indian, Pakistani, etc.) 6 East Asian (Chinese, Korean, Japanese, etc.) 95 Other 97 Not Asked 98 Refused 99 Don't Know Q97. Language of interview Q97. Language of interview Q97. Language of interview Q97. Language of interview Q97. Language of interview 24301 -1 995 -1 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 50 6 60 7 61 8 62 9 63 10 64 11 65 12 66 13 67 14 68 15 69 16 70 17 71 18 72 19 73 20 74 21 75 22 76 23 77 24 78 25 79 26 80 27 81 28 82 29 83 30 84 31 85 32 86 33 87 34 88 35 89 36 90 37 91 38 92 39 93 40 94 41 95 42 96 43 97 44 98 45 99 46 100 47 101 48 102 49 103 50 104 51 105 52 106 53 107 54 108 55 109 56 120 57 121 58 122 59 123 60 124 61 140 62 143 63 144 64 146 65 160 66 161 67 162 68 163 69 164 70 165 71 166 72 167 73 168 74 169 75 170 76 171 77 172 78 173 79 174 80 175 81 176 82 177 83 178 84 180 85 220 86 221 87 222 88 223 89 224 90 225 91 240 92 260 93 261 94 262 95 263 96 264 97 265 98 266 99 267 100 268 101 269 102 270 103 271 104 272 105 273 106 274 107 277 108 279 109 280 110 281 111 300 112 301 113 302 114 303 115 304 116 305 117 306 118 307 119 308 120 309 121 320 122 321 123 380 124 381 125 382 126 383 127 384 128 385 129 386 130 388 131 389 132 390 133 391 134 392 135 393 136 394 137 395 138 396 139 397 140 398 141 399 142 480 143 481 144 482 145 483 146 484 147 806 148 807 149 995 150 998 151 999 152 Q98. Type of shelter Q98. Type of shelter Q98. Type of shelter Q98. Type of shelter Q98. Type of shelter 24301 -1 995 -1 Missing data 1 Non-traditional/Formal House/Duplex 2 Traditional House/Hut 3 Temporary structure/Shack 4 Flat in block of flats 5 Single Room in larger dwelling structure or backyard 6 Room in hotel, residential hotel 7 Hostel in Industrial or Farming Compound 8 Traditional House with Formal House 160 Tent 995 Other Q99. Others present Q99. Others present Q99. Others present Q99. Others present Q99. Others present 24301 -1 5 -1 Missing data 1 No one 2 Spouse 3 Children Only 4 A few others 5 Small crowd Q100. Check with others Q100. Check with others Q100. Check with others Q100. Check with others Q100. Check with others 24301 -1 1 -1 Missing data No 1 Yes Q101. Influence by others Q101. Influence by others Q101. Influence by others Q101. Influence by others Q101. Influence by others 24301 -1 1 -1 Missing data No 1 Yes Q102. Difficulty answering Q102. Difficulty answering Q102. Difficulty answering Q102. Difficulty answering Q102. Difficulty answering 24301 -1 4 -1 Missing data None 1 Few 2 Some 3 Most 4 All Q103a. Respondent friendly Q103a. Respondent friendly Q103a. Respondent friendly Q103a. Respondent friendly Q103a. Respondent friendly 24301 -1 3 -1 Missing 1 Friendly 2 In between 3 Hostile Q103b. Respondent interested Q103b. Respondent interested Q103b. Respondent interested Q103b. Respondent interested Q103b. Respondent interested 24301 -1 3 -1 Missing 1 Interested 2 In between 3 Bored Q103c. Respondent cooperative Q103c. Respondent cooperative Q103c. Respondent cooperative Q103c. Respondent cooperative Q103c. Respondent cooperative 24301 -1 3 -1 Missing 1 Cooperative 2 In between 3 Uncooperative Q103d. Respondent patient Q103d. Respondent patient Q103d. Respondent patient Q103d. Respondent patient Q103d. Respondent patient 24301 -1 3 -1 Missing 1 Patient 2 In between 3 Impatient Q103e. Respondent at ease Q103e. Respondent at ease Q103e. Respondent at ease Q103e. Respondent at ease Q103e. Respondent at ease 24301 -1 3 -1 Missing 1 At ease 2 In between 3 Suspicious Q103f. Respondent honest Q103f. Respondent honest Q103f. Respondent honest Q103f. Respondent honest Q103f. Respondent honest 24301 -1 3 -1 Missing 1 Honest 2 In between 3 Misleading Q104a. Neighbors interested Q104a. Neighbors interested Q104a. Neighbors interested Q104a. Neighbors interested Q104a. Neighbors interested 24301 -1 1 -1 Missing No 1 Yes Q104b. Neighbors suspicious Q104b. Neighbors suspicious Q104b. Neighbors suspicious Q104b. Neighbors suspicious Q104b. Neighbors suspicious 24301 -1 1 -1 Missing No 1 Yes Q104c. Neighbors afraid Q104c. Neighbors afraid Q104c. Neighbors afraid Q104c. Neighbors afraid Q104c. Neighbors afraid 24301 -1 1 -1 Missing No 1 Yes Q104d. Approached by community or party Q104d. Approached by community or party Q104d. Approached by community or party Q104d. Approached by community or party Q104d. Approached by community or party 24301 -1 1 -1 Missing No 1 Yes Q104e. Interviewer feel threatened Q104e. Interviewer feel threatened Q104e. Interviewer feel threatened Q104e. Interviewer feel threatened Q104e. Interviewer feel threatened 24301 -1 1 -1 Missing No 1 Yes Q104f. Interviewer physically threatened Q104f. Interviewer physically threatened Q104f. Interviewer physically threatened Q104f. Interviewer physically threatened Q104f. Interviewer physically threatened 24301 -1 1 -1 Missing No 1 Yes Q106. Interviewer's number Q106. Interviewer's number Q106. Interviewer's number Q106. Interviewer's number Q106. Interviewer's number 24301 -1 34043 -1 Missing Q107. Interviewer's age Q107. Interviewer's age Q107. Interviewer's age Q107. Interviewer's age Q107. Interviewer's age 24301 -1 66 -1 Missing 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 52 53 55 56 58 59 60 61 63 65 66 Q108. Interviewer's gender Q108. Interviewer's gender Q108. Interviewer's gender Q108. Interviewer's gender Q108. Interviewer's gender 24301 -1 2 -1 Missing 1 Male 2 Female Q109. Interviewer urban or rural Q109. Interviewer urban or rural Q109. Interviewer urban or rural Q109. Interviewer urban or rural Q109. Interviewer urban or rural 24301 -1 2 -1 Missing 1 Rural 2 Urban Q110. Interviewer's home language Q110. Interviewer's home language Q110. Interviewer's home language Q110. Interviewer's home language Q110. Interviewer's home language 24301 -1 995 -1 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 50 6 60 7 61 8 62 9 63 10 64 11 65 12 66 13 67 14 68 15 69 16 70 17 71 18 72 19 73 20 74 21 75 22 76 23 77 24 78 25 79 26 80 27 81 28 82 29 83 30 84 31 85 32 86 33 87 34 88 35 89 36 90 37 91 38 92 39 93 40 94 41 95 42 96 43 97 44 98 45 99 46 100 47 101 48 102 49 103 50 104 51 105 52 106 53 107 54 108 55 109 56 120 57 121 58 122 59 123 60 124 61 140 62 142 63 143 64 144 65 146 66 160 67 161 68 162 69 163 70 164 71 165 72 166 73 167 74 168 75 169 76 170 77 171 78 172 79 173 80 174 81 175 82 176 83 177 84 178 85 180 86 220 87 221 88 222 89 223 90 224 91 225 92 240 93 242 94 260 95 261 96 262 97 263 98 264 99 266 100 267 101 268 102 269 103 270 104 271 105 272 106 273 107 275 108 276 109 280 110 281 111 300 112 302 113 303 114 305 115 306 116 307 117 308 118 310 119 311 120 321 121 324 122 380 123 381 124 382 125 383 126 384 127 385 128 386 129 387 130 388 131 389 132 390 133 391 134 392 135 393 136 397 137 398 138 399 139 800 140 801 141 802 142 803 143 804 144 805 145 806 146 808 147 809 148 995 149 998 150 999 151 Q111. Interviewer's education Q111. Interviewer's education Q111. Interviewer's education Q111. Interviewer's education Q111. Interviewer's education 24301 -1 9 -1 Missing No formal schooling 1 Informal schooling (including Koranic) only 2 Some primary schooling 3 Primary school completed 4 Some high school 5 High school completed 6 Post secondary qualifications (not university ) 7 Some university, college 8 University, college completed 9 Post graduate Q112a. Post office in the PSU/EA Q112a. Post office in the PSU/EA Q112a. Post office in the PSU/EA Q112a. Post office in the PSU/EA Q112a. Post office in the PSU/EA 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Sysmiss Q112b. School in the PSU/EA Q112b. School in the PSU/EA Q112b. School in the PSU/EA Q112b. School in the PSU/EA Q112b. School in the PSU/EA 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Sysmiss Q112c. Police station in the PSU/EA Q112c. Police station in the PSU/EA Q112c. Police station in the PSU/EA Q112c. Police station in the PSU/EA Q112c. Police station in the PSU/EA 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Sysmiss 112d. Bus or taxi service in the PSU/EA 112d. Bus or taxi service in the PSU/EA 112d. Bus or taxi service in the PSU/EA 112d. Bus or taxi service in the PSU/EA 112d. Bus or taxi service in the PSU/EA 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Sysmiss Q112e. Electricity grid in the PSU/EA Q112e. Electricity grid in the PSU/EA Q112e. Electricity grid in the PSU/EA Q112e. Electricity grid in the PSU/EA Q112e. Electricity grid in the PSU/EA 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Sysmiss Q112f. Piped water system in the PSU/EA Q112f. Piped water system in the PSU/EA Q112f. Piped water system in the PSU/EA Q112f. Piped water system in the PSU/EA Q112f. Piped water system in the PSU/EA 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Sysmiss Q112g. Sewage system in the PSU/EA Q112g. Sewage system in the PSU/EA Q112g. Sewage system in the PSU/EA Q112g. Sewage system in the PSU/EA Q112g. Sewage system in the PSU/EA 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Sysmiss Q112h. Railway Station in the PSU/EA Q112h. Railway Station in the PSU/EA Q112h. Railway Station in the PSU/EA Q112h. Railway Station in the PSU/EA Q112h. Railway Station in the PSU/EA 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Sysmiss Q112i. Health Clinic in the PSU/EA Q112i. Health Clinic in the PSU/EA Q112i. Health Clinic in the PSU/EA Q112i. Health Clinic in the PSU/EA Q112i. Health Clinic in the PSU/EA 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Sysmiss Q112j. Recreational facilities in the PSU/EA Q112j. Recreational facilities in the PSU/EA Q112j. Recreational facilities in the PSU/EA Q112j. Recreational facilities in the PSU/EA Q112j. Recreational facilities in the PSU/EA 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Sysmiss Q112k. Places of worship in the PSU/EA Q112k. Places of worship in the PSU/EA Q112k. Places of worship in the PSU/EA Q112k. Places of worship in the PSU/EA Q112k. Places of worship in the PSU/EA 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Sysmiss Q112l. Community buildings in the PSU/EA Q112l. Community buildings in the PSU/EA Q112l. Community buildings in the PSU/EA Q112l. Community buildings in the PSU/EA Q112l. Community buildings in the PSU/EA 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Sysmiss Q112m. Petrol station in the PSU/EA Q112m. Petrol station in the PSU/EA Q112m. Petrol station in the PSU/EA Q112m. Petrol station in the PSU/EA Q112m. Petrol station in the PSU/EA 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Sysmiss Q112n. Bottle store/bar/beer parlour in the PSU/EA Q112n. Bottle store/bar/beer parlour in the PSU/EA Q112n. Bottle store/bar/beer parlour in the PSU/EA Q112n. Bottle store/bar/beer parlour in the PSU/EA Q112n. Bottle store/bar/beer parlour in the PSU/EA 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Sysmiss Q112o. Supermarket in the PSU/EA Q112o. Supermarket in the PSU/EA Q112o. Supermarket in the PSU/EA Q112o. Supermarket in the PSU/EA Q112o. Supermarket in the PSU/EA 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Sysmiss Q112p. Cafes/eating places/corner shops in the PSU/EA Q112p. Cafes/eating places/corner shops in the PSU/EA Q112p. Cafes/eating places/corner shops in the PSU/EA Q112p. Cafes/eating places/corner shops in the PSU/EA Q112p. Cafes/eating places/corner shops in the PSU/EA 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Sysmiss Q112q. Market stalls in the PSU/EA Q112q. Market stalls in the PSU/EA Q112q. Market stalls in the PSU/EA Q112q. Market stalls in the PSU/EA Q112q. Market stalls in the PSU/EA 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Sysmiss Q113a. Police in the PSU/EA Q113a. Police in the PSU/EA Q113a. Police in the PSU/EA Q113a. Police in the PSU/EA Q113a. Police in the PSU/EA 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Sysmiss Q113b. Soldiers/army in the PSU/EQ Q113b. Soldiers/army in the PSU/EQ Q113b. Soldiers/army in the PSU/EQ Q113b. Soldiers/army in the PSU/EQ Q113b. Soldiers/army in the PSU/EQ 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Sysmiss Q113c. Crops/vegetables in the PSU/EA Q113c. Crops/vegetables in the PSU/EA Q113c. Crops/vegetables in the PSU/EA Q113c. Crops/vegetables in the PSU/EA Q113c. Crops/vegetables in the PSU/EA 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Sysmiss Q113d. Livestock in the PSU/EA Q113d. Livestock in the PSU/EA Q113d. Livestock in the PSU/EA Q113d. Livestock in the PSU/EA Q113d. Livestock in the PSU/EA 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Sysmiss Q113e. Trees in the PSU/EA Q113e. Trees in the PSU/EA Q113e. Trees in the PSU/EA Q113e. Trees in the PSU/EA Q113e. Trees in the PSU/EA 23197 1104 -1 9 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 9 Can't determine Sysmiss Q114a. Destination sign posted Q114a. Destination sign posted Q114a. Destination sign posted Q114a. Destination sign posted Q114a. Destination sign posted 23197 1104 -1 1 -1 Missing No 1 Yes Sysmiss Q114b. Stop/give way signs Q114b. Stop/give way signs Q114b. Stop/give way signs Q114b. Stop/give way signs Q114b. Stop/give way signs 23197 1104 -1 1 -1 Missing No 1 Yes Sysmiss Q114c. Traffic lights/wardens Q114c. Traffic lights/wardens Q114c. Traffic lights/wardens Q114c. Traffic lights/wardens Q114c. Traffic lights/wardens 23197 1104 -1 1 -1 Missing No 1 Yes Sysmiss Q114d. Traffic lights working Q114d. Traffic lights working Q114d. Traffic lights working Q114d. Traffic lights working Q114d. Traffic lights working 23197 1104 -1 7 -1 Missing No 1 Yes 7 Not applicable Sysmiss Q114e. Water-filled river Q114e. Water-filled river Q114e. Water-filled river Q114e. Water-filled river Q114e. Water-filled river 23197 1104 -1 1 -1 Missing No 1 Yes Sysmiss Q114f. Water-filled dam or lake Q114f. Water-filled dam or lake Q114f. Water-filled dam or lake Q114f. Water-filled dam or lake Q114f. Water-filled dam or lake 23197 1104 -1 1 -1 Missing No 1 Yes Sysmiss Q115a. Graded sand/dirt roads Q115a. Graded sand/dirt roads Q115a. Graded sand/dirt roads Q115a. Graded sand/dirt roads Q115a. Graded sand/dirt roads 23197 1104 -1 4 -1 Missing 1 0 kms 2 < 5 kms 3 5 - 10 kms 4 All Sysmiss Q115b. Ungraded dirt roads Q115b. Ungraded dirt roads Q115b. Ungraded dirt roads Q115b. Ungraded dirt roads Q115b. Ungraded dirt roads 23197 1104 -1 4 -1 Missing 1 0 kms 2 < 5 kms 3 5 - 10 kms 4 All Sysmiss Q115c. Off road Q115c. Off road Q115c. Off road Q115c. Off road Q115c. Off road 23197 1104 -1 4 -1 Missing 1 0 kms 2 < 5 kms 3 5 - 10 kms 4 All Sysmiss Q115d. Tarred or concrete roads Q115d. Tarred or concrete roads Q115d. Tarred or concrete roads Q115d. Tarred or concrete roads Q115d. Tarred or concrete roads 23197 1104 -1 4 -1 Missing 1 0 kms 2 < 5 kms 3 5 - 10 kms 4 All Sysmiss Q116. Interviewer comment Q116. Interviewer comment Q116. Interviewer comment Q116. Interviewer comment Q116. Interviewer comment 24301 -1 1 -1 Missing No 1 Yes Q118. Supervisor comment Q118. Supervisor comment Q118. Supervisor comment Q118. Supervisor comment Q118. Supervisor comment 24301 -1 1 -1 Missing No 1 Yes Within country weight Within country weight Within country weight Within country weight Within country weight 24301 0.00620180771374788 6.69485142699084 X-country weight -- all equal 1200 X-country weight -- all equal 1200 X-country weight -- all equal 1200 X-country weight -- all equal 1200 X-country weight -- all equal 1200 24301 0.494233937397035 1.08695652173913 0.494233937397035 0.5 0.500417014178482 0.857143 0.935308 0.946372 1 1.000834028 1.0016694490818 1.08695652173913 withinwt*acrosswt withinwt*acrosswt withinwt*acrosswt withinwt*acrosswt withinwt*acrosswt 24301 0.00310090385687394 4.64055028936384 country=12 (FILTER) country=12 (FILTER) country=12 (FILTER) country=12 (FILTER) country=12 (FILTER) 24301 1 Not Selected 1 Selected