Young Lives: An International Study of Childhood Poverty 2002
Round 1
Ethiopia, India, Peru...and 1 more, 2002
Get MicrodataIdentification
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Ethiopia | ETH |
| India | IND |
| Peru | PER |
| Viet Nam | VNM |
Round 1 of the study followed 2,000 children (aged between 6 and 18 months in 2002) and their households, from both urban and rural communities, in each of the four countries (8,000 children in total). Data were also collected on an older cohort of 1,000 children aged 7 to 8 years in each country, in order to provide a basis for comparison with the younger children when they reach that age.
Round 2 of the study returned to the same children who were aged 1-year-old in Round 1 when they were aged approximately 5-years-old, and to the children aged 8-years-old in Round 1 when they were approximately 12-years-old.
Round 3 of the study returned to the same children again when they were aged 7 to 8 years (the same as the older cohort in Round 1) and 14 to 15 years. It is envisaged that subsequent survey waves will take place in 2013 and 2016. Thus the younger children are being tracked from infancy to their mid-teens and the older children through into adulthood, when some will become parents themselves.
| Type | Identifier |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.48529/3cag-r297 |
Young Lives involves collaboration between Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and the academic sector. In the UK, the project is being run by Save the Children-UK together with an academic consortium that comprises the University of Reading, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, South Bank University, the Institute of Development Studies at Sussex University and the South African Medical Research Council.
The study is being conducted in Ethiopia, India (in Andhra Pradesh), Peru and Vietnam. These countries were selected because they reflect a range of cultural, geographical and social contexts and experience differing issues facing the developing world; high debt burden, emergence from conflict, and vulnerability to environmental conditions such as drought and flood.
Objectives of the study
The Young Lives study has three broad objectives:
• producing good quality panel data about the changing nature of the lives of children in poverty.
• trace linkages between key policy changes and child poverty
• informing and responding to the needs of policy makers, planners and other stakeholders
There will also be a strong education and media element, both in the countries where the project takes place, and in the UK.
The study takes a broad approach to child poverty, exploring not only household economic indicators such as assets and wealth, but also child centred poverty measures such as the child’s physical and mental health, growth, development and education. These child centred measures are age specific so the information collected by the study will change as the children get older.
Further information about the survey, including publications, can be downloaded from the <a href='http://www.younglives.org.uk/'>Young Lives</a> website.
Version
- For the original edition of the study (February 2006), data and documentation from Wave 1 were deposited.
- For the second edition (February 2009), data and documentation for Round 1 were updated, and data and documentation for Round 2 were added to the study.
- For the third edition (August 2009), two of the Peru data files were updated. Firstly, a new version of file 'PEChildLevel5YrOld', which includes corrections to variables language1, language2, source, score_ppvt, score_cog, rscore_cog, and rscorelang_ppvt. Secondly, a new version of file 'PEChildQuest12YrOld', which includes corrections to variables language1, language2, source, score_ppvt, rscorelang_ppvt, score_math, and rscorelang_math. Users are advised to download the new versions of these files.
- For the fourth edition (September 2011), the Round 1 household and child surveys data files have been updated. The Round 1 community data files and documentation have also been added.
- For the fifth edition (April 2014), the data files and accompanying data have been updated. The updates have been made as a result of ongoing cleaning associated with the collection of longitudinal data (i.e. checking the consistency of the data across rounds). Extensive work has also been done on updating the location variables of the children and a new variable has been added to the Round 2 (MVDTYPR2) and Round 3 (MVDTYPR3) data (see SNs 6852 and 6853 respectively) indicating if the child has moved between rounds. Updated PPVT scores and calculated variables have also been provided. A full edition history is contained in the READ file.
Scope
The study include the following topics: community characteristics (environmental, social and economic); household composition; child health; caregiver background; livelihoods; economic changes; socio-economic status; social capital and anthropometry. In addition, the information gathered for younger children also includes details from the caregiver on pregnancy, delivery, breastfeeding, mental health, and child care. Topics specific to the older 8-year-olds survey include child's schooling and work; child mental health (not available for Peru or Ethiopia), and child development.
| Topic |
|---|
| Economic conditions and indicators - Economics |
| General - Education |
| Youth - Social stratification and groupings |
| Primary, pre-primary and secondary - Education |
| School leaving - Education |
| Drug abuse, alcohol and smoking - Health |
| General - Health |
| Social attitudes and behaviour - Society and culture |
| Social indicators and quality of life - Society and culture |
| Time use - Society and culture |
| Child development and child rearing - Social stratification and groupings |
| Equality and inequality - Social stratification and groupings |
| Ethnic minorities - Social stratification and groupings |
| Family life and marriage - Social stratification and groupings |
| Gender roles - Social stratification and groupings |
| Social and occupational mobility - Social stratification and groupings |
| Use and provision of specific social services - Social welfare policy and systems |
Coverage
Young Lives is an international study of childhood poverty, involving 12,000 children in 4 countries.
- Ethiopia (20 communities in Addis Ababa, Amhara, Oromia, and Southern National, Nationalities and People's Regions)
- India (20 sites across Andhra Pradesh and Telangana)
- Peru (74 communities across Peru)
- Vietnam (20 communities in the communes of Lao Cai in the north-west, Hung Yen province in the Red River Delta, the city of Danang on the coast, Phu Yen province from the South Central Coast and Ben Tre province on the Mekong River Delta)
No spatial unit
Location of Units of Observation: Cross-national; Subnational
Population: Children aged approximately 1 year old and their households, and children aged 8 years old and their households, in Ethiopia, India (Andhra Pradesh), Peru and Vietnam, in 2002. See documentation for details of the exact regions covered in each country.
Producers and sponsors
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Huttly, S. | London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine |
| Jones, N. | Save the Children |
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| Department for International Development |
Funded the study |
Sampling
Purposive selection/case studies
A key need for the study's objectives was to obtain data at different levels - the children, their households, the community in which they resided, as well as at regional and national levels. This need thus determined that children should be selected in geographic clusters rather than randomly selected across the country. There was, however, a much more important reason for recruiting children in clusters - the sites are also intended to provide suitable settings for a range of complementary thematic studies. For example, one or a few sites may be used for a qualitative study designed to achieve a deeper level of understanding of some social issues, either because they are important in that particular place, or because the sites are appropriate locales to investigate a more general concern. The quantitative panel study is seen as the foundation upon which a coherent and interesting range of linked studies can be set up.
Thus the design was decided, in each country, comprising 20 geographic clusters with 100 children sampled in each cluster.
For details on sample design, see the methodological document which is available in the documentation.
Ethiopia: 1,999 (1-year-olds), 1,000 (8-year-olds); India: 2,011 (1-year-olds), 1,008 (8-year-olds); Peru: 2,052 (1-year-olds), 714 (8-year-olds); Vietnam: 2,000 (1-year-olds), 1,000 (8-year-olds).
No weighting used.
Survey instrument
Every questionnaire used in the study consists of a 'core' element and a country-specific element, which focuses on issues important for that country.
The core element of the questionnaires consists of the following sections:
Core 6-17.9 month old household questionnaire
• Section 1: Locating information
• Section 2: Household composition
• Section 3: Pregnancy, delivery and breastfeeding
• Section 4: Child care
• Section 5: Child health
• Section 6: Caregiver background
• Section 7: Livelihoods and time allocation
• Section 8: Economic changes
• Section 9: Socio-economic status
• Section 10: Caregiver psychosocial well-being
• Section 11: Social capital
• Section 12: Tracking details
• Section 13: Anthropometry
Core 7.5-8.5 year old household questionnaire
• Section 1: Locating information
• Section 2: Household composition
• Section 3: Births and deaths
• Section 4: Child school
• Section 5: Child health
• Section 6: Caregiver background
• Section 7: Livelihoods and time allocation
• Section 8: Economic changes
• Section 9: Socio-economic status
• Section 10: Child mental health
• Section 11: Social capital
• Section 12: Tracking details
• Section 13: Anthropometry
The communnity questionnaire consists of the following sections:
• Section 1: Physical environment
• Section 2: Social environment
• Section 3: Infrastructure and access
• Section 4: Economy
• Section 5: Health and education
Data collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2002 | 2002 |
It is intended that data will be collected once every three or four years.
Supervisors: Responsible for overseeing, monitoring and, where necessary, correcting the work of the interviewers. In addition, she/he is responsible for managing the team's equipment, vehicle and funds and completing the community questionnaire. She/he represents the project co-ordinator at the sentinel site level.
Project Management
In each country, a Principal Investigator (PI) has been appointed to lead the fieldwork and data management activities. The PI works closely with the UK consortium and with the National Coordinator (NC), based in SC UK offices in each participating country. The NC’s function is to make links with and between the academic teams, government and civil society, and to ensure the involvement of different stakeholders, the local dissemination of outputs, and to devise advocacy strategies and organise media coverage.
The International Co-ordinator (IC) for the project is based at Save the Children UK in London. The IC is responsible for overall co-ordination of the project, working with country partners the academic institutions, DFID and other partners with a particular focus on ensuring linkages to policy and dissemination of outputs.
The Young Lives Survey, is being overseen by an in country management committee who have the responsibility to co-ordinate the survey according to the set schedule. The committee works with a staff of fieldwork co-ordinators who supervise the survey teams, who are based in regional offices. A microcomputer is installed in each of the regional offices for the immediate entry of data from all questionnaires that are completed by each team. The survey team that the fieldwork co-ordinators oversee consists of:
Supervisors: Responsible for overseeing, monitoring and, where necessary, correcting the work of the interviewers. In addition, she/he is responsible for managing the team's equipment, vehicle and funds and completing the community questionnaire. She/he represents the project co-ordinator at the sentinel site level.
Interviewers: Responsible for collecting and recording information from households in the household questionnaire.
Data handlers: Responsible for entering data from the questionnaires into the data entry programme, carrying out consistency checks, ensuring the security of the data and managing the completed questionnaires and diskettes containing entered data including making backup copies.
Anthropometrists: Responsible for measuring length and weight of the index child.
Fieldwork Schedule: The length of the fieldwork varied between countries but generally took place between July and December 2002.
The Statistical Services Centre, University of Reading, were responsible for overall data management in Round 1.
The following organisations collected data for Round 1: Department of Economics, University of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Ethiopian Development Research Institute, Addis Ababa; Centre for Economic and Social Studies (CESS), India; Grupo De Analisis Para El Desarroll (GRADE), Peru; Instituto de Investigacion (IIN), Peru; Research and Training Centre for Community Development (RTCCD), Vietnam; and the General Statistical Office, Government of Vietnam.
Access policy
Access conditions: The depositor has specified that registration is required and standard conditions of use apply. The depositor may be informed about usage. See terms and conditions of access for further information.
The depositor has specified that registration is required and standard conditions of use apply. The depositor may be informed about usage. See terms and conditions of access for further information.
Bibliographic Citation
All works which use or refer to these materials should acknowledge these sources by means of bibliographic citation. To ensure that such source attributions are captured for bibliographic indexes, citations must appear in footnotes or in the reference section of publications.
The bibliographic citation for this data collection is:
Huttly, S. and Jones, N., Young Lives: an International Study of Childhood Poverty: Round 1, 2002 [computer file]. 5th Edition. Colchester, Essex: UK Data Archive [distributor], April 2014. SN: 5307 , http://dx.doi.org/10.5255/UKDA-SN-5307-2
Acknowledgement
Any publication, whether printed, electronic or broadcast, based wholly or in part on these materials, should acknowledge the original data creators, depositors or copyright holders, the funders of the Data Collections (if different) and the UK Data Archive, and to acknowledge Crown Copyright where appropriate.
Any publication, whether printed, electronic or broadcast, based wholly or in part on these materials should carry a statement that the original data creators, depositors or copyright holders, the funders of the Data Collections (if different) and the UK Data Archive bear no responsibility for their further analysis or interpretation.
| Indicate if special permissions are required to access a resource | Special permissions description |
|---|---|
| yes |
Standard conditions of access |
Depositor information
| Name |
|---|
| Garlick, C., University of Reading. Statistical Services Centre |
Distributor information
| Organization name |
|---|
| UK Data Service |
Disclaimer and copyrights
Although all efforts are made to ensure the quality of the materials, neither the original data creators, depositors or copyright holders, the funders of the Data Collections, nor the UK Data Archive bear any responsibility for the accuracy or comprehensiveness of these materials.
All rights reserved. No part of these materials may be reproduced, stored in, or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior written permission of the UK Data Archive.
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Colchester
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www.data-archive.ac.uk
Contacts
Metadata production
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| UK Data Service |
Metadata Preparation |
Metadata version
This version is identical to DDI_WLD_2002_YLSCP-R1_v01_M_WB but country field has been updated to capture all the countries covered by survey.
Version 02 (August 2014). Initial version of the DDI (DDI2.5 XML CODEBOOK RECORD FOR STUDY NUMBER 5307) was done by UK Data Service in May, 2014.