X Recenseamento Geral do Brasil. Censo Demográfico 1991. - IPUMS Subset
Brazil, 1990
Get MicrodataIdentification
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Brazil | BRA |
UNITS IDENTIFIED:
- Dwellings: yes
- Vacant Units: Yes
- Households: yes
- Individuals: yes
- Group quarters: yes
UNIT DESCRIPTIONS:
- Dwellings: No
- Households: Structurally independent living quarters, consisting of one or more rooms with a private entrance, serving up to five families.
- Group quarters: Group living together under relations of administrative subordination; or a dwelling with more than 5 families.
Version
Scope
Additional notes on a sample that is part of this study: Brazil 1991
| Topic | Vocabulary |
|---|---|
| Demographic Variables -- PERSON | IPUMS |
| Geography: Global Variables -- HOUSEHOLD | IPUMS |
| Appliances, Mechanicals, Other Amenities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD | IPUMS |
| Dwelling Characteristics Variables -- HOUSEHOLD | IPUMS |
| Nativity and Birthplace Variables -- PERSON | IPUMS |
| Fertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSON | IPUMS |
| Work Variables -- PERSON | IPUMS |
| Technical Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD | IPUMS |
| Disability Variables -- PERSON | IPUMS |
| Education Variables -- PERSON | IPUMS |
| Constructed Family Interrelationship Variables -- PERSON | IPUMS |
| Utilities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD | IPUMS |
| Geography: A-E Variables -- HOUSEHOLD | IPUMS |
| Migration: Global Variables -- PERSON | IPUMS |
| Group Quarters Variables -- HOUSEHOLD | IPUMS |
| Constructed Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD | IPUMS |
| Income Variables -- PERSON | IPUMS |
| Ethnicity and Language Variables -- PERSON | IPUMS |
| Household Economic Variables -- HOUSEHOLD | IPUMS |
| Migration: A-E Variables -- PERSON | IPUMS |
| Technical Person Variables -- PERSON | IPUMS |
| Geography: A-E Variables -- HOUSEHOLD | IPUMS |
| Demographic Variables -- PERSON | IPUMS |
| Ethnicity and Language Variables -- PERSON | IPUMS |
| Dwelling Characteristics Variables -- HOUSEHOLD | IPUMS |
| Technical Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD | IPUMS |
| Education Variables -- PERSON | IPUMS |
| Utilities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD | IPUMS |
| Constructed Family Interrelationship Variables -- PERSON | IPUMS |
| Appliances, Mechanicals, Other Amenities Variables -- HOUSEHOLD | IPUMS |
| Group Quarters Variables -- HOUSEHOLD | IPUMS |
| Geography: Global Variables -- HOUSEHOLD | IPUMS |
| Work Variables -- PERSON | IPUMS |
| Technical Person Variables -- PERSON | IPUMS |
| Constructed Household Variables -- HOUSEHOLD | IPUMS |
| Household Economic Variables -- HOUSEHOLD | IPUMS |
| Other Person Variables -- PERSON | IPUMS |
| Income Variables -- PERSON | IPUMS |
| Disability Variables -- PERSON | IPUMS |
| Migration: Global Variables -- PERSON | IPUMS |
| Nativity and Birthplace Variables -- PERSON | IPUMS |
| Nativity and Birthplace Variables -- PERSON | IPUMS |
| Migration: Global Variables -- PERSON | IPUMS |
| Education Variables -- PERSON | IPUMS |
| Demographic Variables -- PERSON | IPUMS |
| Work Variables -- PERSON | IPUMS |
| Work: Occupation Variables -- PERSON | IPUMS |
| Work: Industry Variables -- PERSON | IPUMS |
| Income Variables -- PERSON | IPUMS |
| Fertility and Mortality Variables -- PERSON | IPUMS |
| Ethnicity and Language Variables -- PERSON | IPUMS |
| Technical Person Variables -- PERSON | IPUMS |
Coverage
Municipality
People who were present in the country on the date of reference (Census day), including residents who were temporarily absent from the country on the referred date for a period of no more than 12 months. Also included: indigenous population living in villages, indigenous FUNAI posts (postos indigenas), and religious missions, or in other areas. Not included: indigenous population living in tribes without contact with the outside (those preserving their primitive ways of life). Indigenous persons, with exceptions.
Producers and sponsors
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística | |
| IPUMS | University of Minnesota |
Sampling
MICRODATA SOURCE: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística
SAMPLE SIZE (person records): 17045712.
SAMPLE DESIGN: Long form sample. Systematic sample selected with the same probability inside each census tract. A sample was taken of individual dwellings and of families or individuals in "grupos conviventes" inside collective dwellings with the same sample fraction for that tract in the municipality (for instance, in large municipalities, 1 in 10 dwellings or, within collective dwellings, 1 in 10 families, or 1 in 10 individuals of "grupos conviventes"). There were two distinct sample fractions: a 10% sample in municipalities with an estimated population of greater than 15,000 inhabitants and a 20% sample of the remaining municipalities.
Indigenous persons, with exceptions.
The expansion of the sample used Generalized Minimum Least Squares in two stages (see Silva, Bianchini e Albieri 1993). This method is based on a multivariate procedure in two stages developed by Bankier (1990). This procedure is similar to that developed by Statistics Canada used to weight the sample of the 1991 Canadian census. Each dwelling in the sample has its own weight, so each person of the dwelling has the same weight as the dwelling's weight. The weights are not necessarily integers and they must not be substituted with integers because one would violate the consistence of the restrictions employed for adjustment.
Survey instrument
Long and short enumeration forms. The short form contains general information about the characteristics of the dwelling and each of persons in the dwelling. The long form contains general and more specific information about the characteristics of the dwelling, families, and each of the people in the dwellings. The long form was applied to a 10% sample of the population in municipalities with estimated populations greater than 15,000 and 20% in the remaining municipalities (Silva e Bianchini 1990).
Data collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 1990-09-01 | 1990-12-01 |
| Start date | End date |
|---|---|
| 1991-09-01 | 1991-09-01 |
- Face-to-face [f2f]
de jure, CENSUS DAY: September 1, 1991
Access policy
| Is signing of a confidentiality declaration required? | Confidentiality declaration text |
|---|---|
| yes |
IPUMS International distributes integrated microdata of individuals and households only by agreement of collaborating national statistical offices and under the strictest of confidence. Before data may be distributed to an individual researcher, an electronic license agreement must be signed and approved. To gain access to the data, a researcher must agree to the following: (1) Implement security measures to prevent unauthorized access to census microdata. Under IPUMS International agreements with collaborating agencies, redistribution of the data to third parties is prohibited. (2) Use the microdata for the exclusive purposes of scholarly research and education. Researchers must explicitly agree to not use microdata acquired for any commercial or income-generating venture. (3) Maintain the confidentiality of persons, households, and other entities. Any attempt to ascertain the identity of persons or households from the microdata is prohibited. Alleging that a person or household has been identified is also prohibited. (4) Report all publications based on these data to IPUMS International, which will in turn pass the information on to the relevant national statistical agencies. Once a project is approved, a password is issued and data may be acquired through the Internet. Penalties for violating the license include: revocation of the license, recall of all microdata acquired, filing of a motion of censure to the appropriate professional organizations, and civil prosecution under the relevant national or international statutes. These safeguards mirror the principles from the Joint ECE/Eurostat Work Session on Statistical Data Confidentiality. Employees of the Minnesota Population Center who work with the census microdata to produce the harmonized database also sign agreements to respect the confidentiality of the data. IPUMS International works with each country's statistical office to minimize the risk of disclosure of respondent information. The details of the confidentiality protections vary across countries, but in all cases, names and detailed geographic information are suppressed and top-codes are imposed on variables such as income that might identify specific persons. In addition, IPUMS International uses a variety of technical procedures to enhance confidentiality protection. These include the following: (1) Swapping an undisclosed fraction of records from one administrative district to another to make positive identification of individuals impossible. (2) Randomizing the placement of households within districts to disguise the order in which individuals were enumerated or the data processed. (3) Aggregating codes of sensitive characteristics (e.g., grouping together very small ethnic categories) (4) Top- and bottom-coding continuous variables to prevent identification of extreme cases. The safety record for public-use census microdata is apparently perfect. In almost four decades of use, there has not been a single verified breach of statistical confidentiality. The measures implemented by the IPUMS International are designed to extend this record. |
An adapted version of the dataset, harmonized for international comparability, is available from IPUMS International (https://international.ipums.org/international/) under the following conditions:
IPUMS International distributes integrated microdata of individuals and households only by agreement of collaborating national statistical offices and under the strictest of confidence. Before data may be distributed to an individual researcher, an electronic license agreement must be signed and approved. To gain access to the data, a researcher must agree to the following:
(1) Implement security measures to prevent unauthorized access to census microdata. Under IPUMS International agreements with collaborating agencies, redistribution of the data to third parties is prohibited.
(2) Use the microdata for the exclusive purposes of scholarly research and education. Researchers must explicitly agree to not use microdata acquired for any commercial or income-generating venture.
(3) Maintain the confidentiality of persons, households, and other entities. Any attempt to ascertain the identity of persons or households from the microdata is prohibited. Alleging that a person or household has been identified is also prohibited.
(4) Report all publications based on these data to IPUMS International, which will in turn pass the information on to the relevant national statistical agencies.
Once a project is approved, a password is issued and data may be acquired through the Internet. Penalties for violating the license include: revocation of the license, recall of all microdata acquired, filing of a motion of censure to the appropriate professional organizations, and civil prosecution under the relevant national or international statutes.
These safeguards mirror the principles from the Joint ECE/Eurostat Work Session on Statistical Data Confidentiality. Employees of the Minnesota Population Center who work with the census microdata to produce the harmonized database also sign agreements to respect the confidentiality of the data.
Steven Ruggles, Lara Cleveland, Rodrigo Lovaton, Sula Sarkar, Matthew Sobek, Derek Burk, Dan Ehrlich, Quinn Heimann, Jane Lee, and Nate Merrill. Integrated Public Use Microdata Series, International: Version 7.6 [dataset]. Minneapolis, MN: IPUMS, 2025. https://doi.org/10.18128/D020.V7.6
Researchers should also acknowledge the statistical agency that originally produced the data: Brazil, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. X Recenseamento Geral do Brasil. Censo Demográfico 1991.
The licensing agreement for use of IPUMS International data requires that users supply IPUMS International with the title and full citation for any publications, research reports, or educational materials making use of the data or documentation.
Copies of such materials are also gratefully received at ipums@umn.edu.
Printed matter should be sent to:
IPUMS International
Minnesota Population Center
University of Minnesota
50 Willey Hall
225 19th Avenue South
Minneapolis, MN 55455
| Name |
|---|
| Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística |
Disclaimer and copyrights
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Contacts
| Name |
|---|
| Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística |
Metadata production
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| IPUMS | IPUMS | University of Minnesota |
Integration Harmonization Documentation |
Metadata version
--NO "new features" listed in Revision History
NEW SAMPLES.
--Six new census samples for Honduras (2013), Kenya (2019), Malawi (2018), Mongolia (2010, 2020), and Mozambique (2017) were added to the data series. All census samples extend pre-existing series for those countries.
--91 quarterly labor force surveys from the Philippines (1997 - 2019) were added to IPUMS.
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA.
--No "supplemental data" listed in revision history
NEW VARIABLES.
--New spatially harmonized birthplace and previous-residence variables are available for samples in this data release. More information is available here (https://international.ipums.org/international/geo_mig.shtml).
--Users should note that many older migration and birthplace variables are available by different names. Refer to this table for a crosswalk of old and corresponding new migration variables. For birthplace variables refer to this table (https://international.ipums.org/international/resources/misc_docs/migCrosswalk_names.pdf).
EDITED SAMPLES.
--For the Zambia 2000 sample, an error in the household breaks was corrected, resulting in the creation of 1,988 new households (1% increase) that were previously combined with other households. The person records included in the sample did not change. Due to an inconsistency in the original file, no household-level information other than geographic location is available for these newly identified households, necessitating the addition of "unknown" values for this sample to the following variables: BEDROOMS, ELECTRIC, FLOOR, FUELCOOK, FUELHEAT, OWNERSHIP, PHONE, RADIO, REFRIG, ROOMS, SEWAGE, TRASH, WATSRC, TV, TOILET, GQ, ROOF, WATSUP, BIKE, MOTORCYCLE, KITCHEN, GQTYPE, AUTOS, and WALL.
EDITED VARIABLES.
--For the 1998 and 2008 Malawi samples, the family interrelationship pointer variables MOMLOC and POPLOC were modified to allow a "Spouse/partner" of the household head to be linked as a parent to an "Other relative", because the enumeration instructions specify that adopted and stepchildren were categorized as "Other relative". These samples are now consistent with the links made in the newly released 2018 Malawi sample, which had the same enumeration instructions for adopted and stepchildren.
--In the samples for Côte d'Ivoire 1988 and 1998, Rwanda 1991 and 2002, Togo 1960 and 2010, and South Africa 2001, for the harmonized variable POLYGAM, persons in consensual unions were previously coded as "No, in monogamous union". Because there was no response option in these samples for polygamous consensual unions, it is more appropriate to treat these cases as not-in-universe, so they have been recoded to "NIU (not in universe)".
--MARST has been edited for Honduras 1974 to reclassify the source variable responses "married, wife lives separately" and "consensual union, companion lives separately" as separations. The documentation suggests that "separately" actually indicates a relationship separation and not an absent spouse or companion. Other minor edits were implemented for MARST for Mozambique 1997 and 2007.
--In the Mozambique 1997 sample, an error was corrected that recoded persons with a relationship of "Unknown" in the source data to "Other relative or non-relative" (6000) in the harmonized variable RELATE. These persons are now coded as "Not Stated/Unknown" (9999).
--In the Malawi 1987, 1998, and 2008 samples, for variable WATSUP, a programming error was corrected such that any households who reported having piped water in either the wet or the dry season are classified as having access to piped water. This programming was also applied to the newly released 2018 sample.
--The NATIVITY variable has been edited in the Chile 2017 sample to correct a programming error that mistakenly classified as foreign-born about 20 thousand person records that were actually native-born.
--The MIGRATE5 variable has been edited in the Chile 2017 sample, given a programming error that classified most migrants as having changed their major geographic unit. The MIGRATE5 variable for the Chile 1982 and 1992 samples has been edited to use spatially harmonized geographic units to calculate migration status.
--In the 1989, 1999, and 2009 Kenya samples, households who indicated that their lighting type or fuel was "Solar" were recoded from "No" to "Yes" in ELECTRIC, based on secondary sources documenting the spread of home solar energy systems in Kenya beginning in the mid-1980s. In the 1989 and 1999 Kenya samples, programming was removed that previously recoded households that reported using electricity as their main cooking fuel to "Yes" in the access to electricity variable ELECTRIC, making it more consistent across samples. Other minor edits were implemented for ELECTRIC in Botswana 2011, Ethiopia 1984 and 1994, Mongolia 1989, Mozambique 2007.
--Some samples in DISCARE classified responses indicating "some" difficulty into "yes". These cases were revised to consistently include in "yes" only responses indicating "a lot of difficulty" or "cannot do at all".
--Some codes were improperly labeled for municipalities in Honduras 1961 and 1974, which affect variables on place of residence, birthplace, and previous residence.