Energy Services; Electricity Services and Cooking Services 2021
Papua New Guinea, 2021
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PNG_2021_WBE_v01_M
Energy Services; Electricity Services and Cooking Services 2021
WBE 2021
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Papua New Guinea | PNG |
Sample Frame, Households [sf/hh]
The World Bank, in collaboration with the National Energy Authority of Papua New Guinea, initiated the first Global Energy Access Household Survey in PNG in May 2021. This survey established a baseline for monitoring progress toward Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7, specifically target 7.1: “Ensure access to affordable, reliable, and sustainable modern energy for all” by 2030. The results aim to guide the government in setting access targets, developing policies, and designing investment strategies for energy access.
The MTF approach evaluates energy access across multiple attributes that influence user experience, such as reliability, quality, and affordability, regardless of the technology or fuel used. These attributes define six tiers of access, ranging from Tier 0 (no access) to Tier 5 (full access). A household’s overall tier is determined by the lowest tier it achieves among the attributes, reflecting a comprehensive view of energy access (Bhatia and Angelou, 2015).
The MTF survey in PNG was integrated into the World Bank’s Poverty Global Practice (GP) survey, which measured the socioeconomic impacts of COVID-19. During the survey’s third round, energy access data were collected by incorporating MTF-related questions into the questionnaire. Due to time constraints, selected questions focusing on key MTF attributes were included in a phone survey conducted from May 7–17, 2021, by Digicel’s Port Moresby call center, in collaboration with the Poverty GP.
It is important to note that mobile phone surveys are often biased toward wealthier households with access to charged mobile phones and network coverage. As a result, lower-income households may be underrepresented. To address this, a wealth index was calculated to minimize potential bias.
The survey covered a total of 2,500 households across 87 districts. Data collection and management were facilitated using the Survey Solutions (SUSO) software package. These findings offer critical insights into the energy access landscape in PNG and provide a foundation for informed policy and investment decisions.
Sample survey data [ssd]
Household
Scope
The scopes of the survey are:
- Household: Sex of the household head, education level, employment type,
- Electricity: Status of the electricity in households
- Cooking: Status of the cooking stove and fuel types in the households
- WTP: Willingness too to for Grid connection fee and for Off-grid solutions
- Energy Expenditure: Expenditure of lightings
- Assess: What are assets that the households acquire, household characteristics
- Impact on Energy sector on Covid-19 pandemic
- Behavior on Covid-19 vaccination
Coverage
National
Producers and sponsors
| Name |
|---|
| World Bank Group |
| Name | Abbreviation |
|---|---|
| World Bank Group | WBG |
Sampling
The total sample was 2,500 households. The Survey Solutions (SUSO) computer software package was used for data collection and management. Based on test questionnaire’s results, a lead list of 20,000 random digital dialing numbers (households) were generated for call center enumerators to perform a survey. The total number of interviews recorded on the SUSO application was 4,227, from which 1,560 were rejected due participation refusal, disengagement, or an inability to reach respondents over the phone (calls directly led to voicemails). Accordingly, 2,667 successfully completed surveys were conducted. Sampling weights were used to mitigate the impact of selection bias. The weights were based on information from the 2016–18 PNG DHS and included adjustments for household location, size, and wealth and the respondent’s sex and education level. After cleaning and incorporating the wealth index, the sample size was reduced to 2,635.
Attrition was substituted with new numbers.
The response rate was 63%.
Weighting has been calculated based on the wealth index.
WEALTH INDEX
It is important to note that mobile phone surveys tend to be biased toward wealthier population groups, who are able to use (charged) mobile phones at the time of the survey and live in areas with mobile phone coverage. Therefore, there is a likelihood that households from the lowest expenditure quintiles are under-represented, affecting the accuracy of results. To avoid this bias, a wealth index was calculated to mitigate the potential bias as much as possible.
The MTF survey in 2021 re-created the wealth index which allows comparison between the MTF survey and the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) from 2016 to 2018. The 2016–18 DHS dataset in PNG (DHS 2019) used a wealth index based on household assets and housing characteristics. If households have steadily acquired more assets, they will appear higher in the wealth distribution in this MTF survey than they would in the DHS. According to the Papua New Guinea High Frequency Survey on COVID-19: Results from Round 1 (World Bank 2020), the DHS wealth index (DHS n.d.) is calculated using principal components analysis. Not all variables of the full DHS wealth index were considered in the mobile phone survey due to the limited survey length. In the recalculation of the wealth index of the phone survey there is more than 98 percent correlation between the recalculated and original measurements. To get the identical measurement, the pooled data was used with a single set of codes. To infer at the population level instead of mobile phone holders, it was essential to re-weight the survey data. To address the potential upward bias, several methodologies were use, such as correlation, logit model, and raking, among others.
Survey instrument
Questionnaire contains following sections.
A: Interview Information
B: Basic Information
C: Household Electricity
D: Household Cooking
E: WTP for Grid Connection Fee
F: WTP For OGS
G: Energy Expenditure
H: Assets
I: Impact On Energy Sector of Covid-19 Pandemic
J: Behavior On Covid-19 Vaccination
Data collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2021-05-07 | 2021-05-17 |
- Computer Assisted Telephone Interview [cati]
Data Access
World Bank - Energy Services; Electricity Services and Cooking Services 2021. Ref PNG_2021_WBE_v01_M. Dataset downloaded from www.microdata.worldbank.org on [date].
Disclaimer and copyrights
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Metadata production
DDI_PNG_2021_WBE_v01_M
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Development Data Group | DECDG | World Bank Group | Documentation of the survey |
2024-12-16
Metadata version
Version 01 (December 2024)