Demographic and Health Survey 2024-2025
Ethiopia, 2024 - 2025
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ETH_2024_DHS_v01_M
Demographic and Health Survey 2024-2025
EDHS/ DHS 2024-25
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Ethiopia | ETH |
Demographic and Health Survey [hh/dhs]
The 2024–25 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (2024–25 EDHS) is the fifth survey of its kind, following the surveys conducted in 2000, 2005, 2011, and 2016. The survey used a nationally representative sample of 805 clusters and 22,540 households. As with the previous surveys, the main objectives of the 2024–25 EDHS are to provide up-to-date information on fertility and childhood mortality levels; fertility preferences; awareness, approval, and use of family planning methods; maternal and child health; adult and maternal mortality rates; knowledge of and attitudes toward HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs); Female genital mutilation or cutting (FGM/C), domestic violence against women; and HIV prevalence among the adult population.
The primary objective of the 2024–25 EDHS is to provide up-to-date estimates of basic demographic and
health indicators. Specifically, the EDHS collected information on:
- Fertility levels, fertility preferences, and contraceptive use
- Maternal health, including antenatal and delivery care and maternal mortality
- Child mortality and child health, including childhood diseases and vaccination coverage (including human papillomavirus vaccine [HPV])
- Nutritional status of children under age 5 and women age 15–49 (via weight and height measurements)
- Awareness of HIV and behavioral risk factors
- HIV prevalence among men age 15–59 and women age 15–49
- Gender-based violence
- Knowledge and prevalence of fistula among women age 15–49
- Female genital mutilation or cutting among women age 15–49 and their daughters age 0–14
- Presence of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in household drinking water
- Early Childhood Development Index (ECDI) and child functioning
The information collected through the 2024–25 EDHS is intended to assist policymakers and programme managers in evaluating and designing programmes and strategies for improving the health of Ethiopia’s population. The 2024–25 EDHS also provides indicators relevant to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for Ethiopia.
Sample survey data [ssd]
- Household
- Individual
- Children age 0-5
- Woman age 15-49
- Man age 15-59
Version
The data dictionary was generated from hierarchical data that was downloaded from the The DHS Program website (http://dhsprogram.com).
- Contract Phase: DHS-8
- Recode Structure: DHS-8
Scope
The 2024-25 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey covered the following topics:
HOUSEHOLD
• Usual members and visitors in the selected households
• Background information on each person listed, such as relationship to head of the household, age, sex, marital status, survivorship and residence of biological parents, ever attended school, current/recent school attendance, and birth registration.
• Characteristics of the household's dwelling unit, such as the source of water, place where household use to wash hands, type of toilet facilities and where it is located, type of fuel used for cooking and heater, main source of light for the home, type of fuel used for cooking, whether iodized salt used to cook meals, number of rooms, ownership of livestock, possessions of durable goods, have an account in a bank or other financial institution, and main material for the floor, roof and walls of the dwelling.
• Accidents and injuries
• Inpatient and outpatient health expenditures
• Water quality test
INDIVIDUAL WOMAN
• Background characteristics (including age, education, and media exposure)
• Pregnancy history and childhood mortality
• Knowledge and use of family planning methods
• Fertility preferences
• Employment and gender roles
• Antenatal, delivery and postnatal care and newborn care
• Breastfeeding and infant feeding practices
• Child health and Nutrition
• Vaccinations and childhood illnesses
• Marriage and sexual activity
• Women’s work and husbands’ background characteristics
• Awareness and behavior related to HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
• Other health issues
• Domestic violence
• Fistula
• Human papillomavirus (HPV)
• Adult and maternal mortality
• Female genital cutting (FGC)
• Early childhood development and child functioning
INDIVIDUAL MAN
• Background characteristics
• Reproduction
• Contraception
• Marriage and sexual activity
• Fertility preferences
• Employment and gender roles
• Knowledge, awareness, and behavior regarding HIV/AIDS and other STIs
• Other health issues
• Female genital cutting (FGC)
BIOMARKER
• Weight and height for children age 0-4
• Weight, height, and HIV testing for women age 15-49
• HIV testing for men age 15-59
FIELDWORKER
• Background information on each fieldworkers
Coverage
National coverage
The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents), all women aged 15-49, all men aged 15-59, and all children aged 0-4 resident in the household.
Producers and sponsors
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Ethiopian Statistical Service (ESS) | Government of Ethiopia |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| ICF | The DHS Program | Provided technical assistance through The DHS Program |
| Ministry of Health | Government of Ethiopia | Collaborated in the implementation of the survey |
| Ministry of Planning and Development | Government of Ethiopia | Collaborated in the implementation of the survey |
| Ethiopian Public Health Institute | Government of Ethiopia | Collaborated in the implementation of the survey |
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Government of Ethiopia | Govt. ETH | Financial support |
| United States Agency for International Development | USAID | Financial support |
| Global Fund | GF | Financial support |
| United Kingdom Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office | UK Aid | Financial support |
| United Nations Children’s Fund | UNICEF | Financial support |
| United Nations Population Fund | UNFPA | Financial support |
| UN Women | Financial support | |
| Gates Foundation | Financial support |
Sampling
The 2024–25 EDHS sampling frame was based on the 2019 Population and Housing Census cartographic frame provided by ESS. Ethiopia’s administrative structure includes regions, city administrations, zones, woredas, and kebeles, with kebeles further divided into enumeration areas (EAs) for census counting. The survey used the list of EAs from the 2016–2018 cartographic frame, which included 147,602 EAs with information on location, residence type, and number of conventional households.
The 2024–25 EDHS used a two-stage stratified sampling design, with each region divided into urban and rural strata, resulting in 27 sampling strata. In the first stage, 805 enumeration areas (EAs) were selected with probability proportional to EA size, although the final survey was completed in 797 clusters after eight clusters in Amhara were dropped due to security concerns. In the second stage, household listings from the selected EAs were used to systematically select 28 households per EA, with only preselected households interviewed and no replacements allowed to avoid bias.
For further details on sample design, see Appendix A of the final report.
A total of 22,291 households were selected for the 2024–25 EDHS sample, of which 21,494 were found to be occupied. Of the occupied households, 21,241 were successfully interviewed, yielding a response rate of 99%. In the interviewed households, 22,231 women age 15–49 were identified as eligible for individual interviews. Interviews were completed with 21,395 women, yielding a response rate of 96%.
In urban areas, all households were selected for the male survey, in which 6,945 men age 15–59 were identified as eligible for individual interviews and 6,160 were successfully interviewed, yielding a response rate of 89%. In rural areas, in the subsample of households selected for the male survey, 6,736 men age 15–59 were identified as eligible for individual interviews and 6,325 were successfully interviewed, yielding a response rate of 94%.
Design weights were adjusted for cluster nonresponse, for household nonresponse, and for individual nonresponse to obtain the sampling weights for households and for women and men, respectively. All of the nonresponse adjustments were done at the sampling stratum level. The differences between the household sampling weights and the individual sampling weights were introduced by individual nonresponse. The final sampling weights were normalized so that the total number of unweighted cases was equal to the total number of weighted cases at the national level for both household weights and individual weights. The sampling weights for HIV testing were calculated in a similar way using household sampling weights as base weights, with correction of nonresponse for both individual surveys and HIV testing, but the normalization of the HIV testing weights was different. Male and female HIV testing weights were normalized together at the national level to ensure that the HIV prevalence calculated for men and women together was valid. Sampling weights for the domestic violence survey were calculated similarly by taking the number of eligible women in the households into account. Several sets of weights were calculated:
- one set for all households selected for the survey
- one set for the women’s individual survey
- one set for households selected for the male survey
- one set for the men’s individual survey
- one set for the women’s domestic violence survey
- one set for HIV testing among women
- one set for HIV testing among men
It is important to note that the normalized weights are relative weights that are valid for estimating means, proportions, and ratios but not valid for estimating population totals and for pooled data. Also, the number of weighted cases using the normalized weight has no direct relation with survey precision because it is relative, especially for oversampled areas, where the number of weighted cases is much smaller than the number of unweighted cases and only the latter are directly related to survey precision.
For further details on sampling weights, see Appendix A.4 of the final report.
Survey instrument
Four questionnaires were used for the 2024–25 EDHS: the Household Questionnaire, the Woman’s Questionnaire, the Man’s Questionnaire, and the Biomarker Questionnaire. The questionnaires, based on The DHS Program’s model questionnaires, were adapted to reflect the population and health issues relevant to Ethiopia. In addition, a self-administered Fieldworker Questionnaire collected information about the survey’s fieldworkers. The Household, Man’s, Woman’s, and Biomarker Questionnaires were translated into six languages: Af-Soomaali, Afaan Oromo, Amharic, Qafar Af, Sidaamu Afoo, and Tigrigna.
Data collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2024-08-01 | 2025-03-14 |
- Face-to-face computer-assisted interviews [capi]
| Name | Affiliation | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ethiopian Statistical Service | Government of Ethiopia | ESS | Implemented the survey |
Data collection was carried out from 1 August 2024 to 14 April 2025 by 37 teams, each composed of 11 members: one team supervisor, one CAPI supervisor, three female interviewers, two male interviewers, two biomarker specialists, and two drivers. Fieldwork monitoring was a crucial part of the 2024–25 EDHS. ESS assured quality control through supervision and monitoring of teams during fieldwork. The primary monitoring was carried out by the team and CAPI supervisors, who were responsible for the performance of their teams. They held work sessions daily with each team to reinforce the training received and correct all data collection errors.
Data processing
Survey data were collected on Android tablets using CSPro/CAPI software, which validated responses, applied skip patterns, and checked data consistency during interviews. Supervisors reviewed and securely transmitted data daily to the central server, while ESS and ICF supported data processing, quality monitoring, and secondary editing, which was completed on 5 June 2025.
Data appraisal
The estimates from a sample survey are affected by two types of errors: non-sampling errors and sampling errors. Non-sampling errors are the results of mistakes made in implementing data collection and data processing, such as failure to locate and interview the correct household, misunderstanding of the questions on the part of either the interviewer or the respondent, and data entry errors. Although numerous efforts were made during the implementation of the 2024–25 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (2024–25 EDHS) to minimize this type of error, non-sampling errors are impossible to avoid and difficult to evaluate statistically.
Sampling errors, on the other hand, can be evaluated statistically. The sample of respondents selected in the 2024–25 EDHS is only one of many samples that could have been selected from the same population, using the same design and sample size. Each of these samples would yield results that differ somewhat from the results of the actual sample selected. Sampling errors are a measure of the variability among all possible samples. Although the degree of variability is not known exactly, it can be estimated from the survey results.
Sampling error is usually measured in terms of the standard error for a particular statistic (mean, percentage, etc.), which is the square root of the variance. The standard error can be used to calculate confidence intervals within which the true value for the population can reasonably be assumed to fall. For example, for any given statistic calculated from a sample survey, the value of that statistic will fall within a range of plus and minus two times the standard error of that statistic in 95% of all possible samples of identical size and design.
If the sample of respondents had been selected by simple random sampling, it would have been possible to use straightforward formulas for calculating sampling errors. However, the 2024–25 EDHS sample was the result of a multistage stratified cluster design, and, consequently, it was necessary to use more complex formulas. Sampling errors are computed using SAS programs developed by ICF. These programs use the Taylor linearization method to estimate variances for survey estimates that are means, medians, proportions, or ratios. The Jackknife repeated replication method is used for variance estimation of more complex statistics such as fertility and mortality rates.
A more detailed description of estimates of sampling errors are presented in APPENDIX B of the survey report.
Data Quality Tables
- Age distribution of eligible and interviewed women
- Age distribution of eligible and interviewed men
- Age displacement at ages 14/15
- Age displacement at ages 49/50
- Pregnancy outcomes by years preceding the survey
- Completeness of reporting
- Sibship size and sex ratio of siblings
- Standardisation exercise results from anthropometry training
- Height and weight data completeness and quality for children
- Height measurements from random subsample of measured children
- Interference in height and weight measurements of children
- Interference in height and weight measurements of women
- Heaping in anthropometric measurements for children (digit preference)
- Observation of handwashing facility
- School attendance by single year of age
- Vaccination cards photographed
- Number of enumeration areas completed by month and region
See details of the data quality tables in Appendix C of the final report.
Data Access
| Name | URL |
|---|---|
| The DHS Program | https://dhsprogram.com |
Request Dataset Access
The following applies to DHS, MIS, AIS and SPA survey datasets (Surveys, GPS, and HIV).
To request dataset access, you must first be a registered user of the website. You must then create a new research project request. The request must include a project title and a description of the analysis you propose to perform with the data.
The requested data should only be used for the purpose of the research or study. To request the same or different data for another purpose, a new research project request should be submitted. The DHS Program will normally review all data requests within 24 hours (Monday - Friday) and provide notification if access has been granted or additional project information is needed before access can be granted.
DATASET ACCESS APPROVAL PROCESS
Access to DHS, MIS, AIS and SPA survey datasets (Surveys, HIV, and GPS) is requested and granted by country. This means that when approved, full access is granted to all unrestricted survey datasets for that country. Access to HIV and GIS datasets requires an online acknowledgment of the conditions of use.
Required Information
A dataset request must include contact information, a research project title, and a description of the analysis you propose to perform with the data.
Restricted Datasets
A few datasets are restricted and these are noted. Access to restricted datasets is requested online as with other datasets. An additional consent form is required for some datasets, and the form will be emailed to you upon authorization of your account. For other restricted surveys, permission must be granted by the appropriate implementing organizations, before The DHS Program can grant access. You will be emailed the information for contacting the implementing organizations. A few restricted surveys are authorized directly within The DHS Program, upon receipt of an email request.
When The DHS Program receives authorization from the appropriate organizations, the user will be contacted, and the datasets made available by secure FTP.
GPS/HIV Datasets/Other Biomarkers
Because of the sensitive nature of GPS, HIV and other biomarkers datasets, permission to access these datasets requires that you accept a Terms of Use Statement. After selecting GPS/HIV/Other Biomarkers datasets, the user is presented with a consent form which should be signed electronically by entering the password for the user's account.
Dataset Terms of Use
Once downloaded, the datasets must not be passed on to other researchers without the written consent of The DHS Program. All reports and publications based on the requested data must be sent to The DHS Program Data Archive in a Portable Document Format (pdf) or a printed hard copy.
Download Datasets
Datasets are made available for download by survey. You will be presented with a list of surveys for which you have been granted dataset access. After selecting a survey, a list of all available datasets for that survey will be displayed, including all survey, GPS, and HIV data files. However, only data types for which you have been granted access will be accessible. To download, simply click on the files that you wish to download and a "File Download" prompt will guide you through the remaining steps.
Recommended citations are available at https://www.dhsprogram.com/publications/Recommended-Citations.cfm
Disclaimer and copyrights
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | |
|---|---|---|
| Information about The DHS Program | The DHS Program | reports@DHSprogram.com |
| General Inquiries | The DHS Program | info@dhsprogram.com |
| Data and Data Related Resources | The DHS Program | archive@dhsprogram.com |
Metadata production
DDI_ETH_2024_DHS_v01_M
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Development Data Group | DECDG | World Bank Group | Documentation of the survey |
2026-07-10
Metadata version
Version 01 (July 2026). Metadata is excerpted from "Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2024-25" final report.