Interviewer instructions
Question 14. Sources of livelihood
Before asking this question, the enumerator is to show to the person interviewed a card with all sources of livelihood listed. After the list has been studied, the person is to name one or several sources of livelihood out of those listed. Based on the answer the codes corresponding to one or several prompts proposed on the enumeration form are to be encircled.
Then the enumerator is to ask the question about the main source and the person interviewed is to specify the main source of livelihood out of all listed.
If the person questioned names several sources of livelihood, it should be cleared up, which of the sources named he/she considers the main one, and the code of this source is to be entered in a special box.
If the person questioned names only one source of livelihood, the code of this source is to be recorded in a special box as a main source.
Any of sources of livelihood listed in question 14 may be named as the main one, if:
- the wage or income gained is higher than from other sources;
- the income is constant;
- under all equal conditions, preference is to be given to the source with largest number of days worked.
Code 1 "income from employment" is to be encircled for persons who at the census moment:
- performed wage work, whether it was permanent, temporary, seasonal, casual or other paid work, as well as worked for profit as self-employed, alone or with one or a few partners, both engaging or not engaging employees, irrespective of the dates of receiving payment or profit for their work;
- worked without payment in their family business or on their family farm;
- were temporarily absent from work for various reasons, but kept formal attachment to their work. The reasons include:
- illness or injury, care of sick persons;
- annual leave or weekend, compensatory leave or time-off, compensation of overtime or work on public holidays;
- statutory maternity and child-care leave;
- educational leave;
- unpaid or paid leave on the initiative of administration;
- rotational, seasonal or other specialized mode of operation;
- strike action;
- other reasons.
Besides, the category of persons with employment includes people engaged in spring, summer or autumn to perform seasonal work (e.g., in agriculture, water transport, fishery, etc.).
Students and pensioners having employment or gainful business are to be referred to those employed or self-employed on the same ground as other categories of persons.
The activity of persons engaged in non-reimbursable public or voluntary works is not to be marked as a source of livelihood.
Code 2 "scholarship" is to be encircled for students receiving scholarships paid by the government and those paid by enterprises, organizations, or employment services sending students for training.
Code 3 "pension" is to be encircled for persons receiving old age or retirement pensions, disability pensions, and survivor's pensions.
However the pension is to be marked for persons whom it is granted, but not for those who actually receive it.
Code 4 "benefit" is to be encircled for persons receiving:
General monthly low-income family/citizens benefit, which is assigned to:
- children, pupils of general education schools and basic vocational schools, students of secondary and higher education establishments under 21 years of age (other than those receiving instructions by correspondence, attending evening classes or taking classes under contract);
- disabled persons.
Monthly social benefit assigned to:
- handicapped children, children having infantile cerebral paralysis, children HIV-positive or sick with AIDS;
- handicapped persons from birth;
- disabled, the aged, mother-heroines, children in the case of loss of breadwinner if these categories of citizens are not entitled to pension;
Besides, Code 4 "benefit" is to be marked for persons registered with the employment services as unemployed and who are recipients of unemployment benefits.
It should be noted that "benefit" is to be marked for persons whom it is granted, but not for those who actually receive it.
Code 5 "other government support" is to be encircled for inmates of infant's houses, children's homes, boarding schools, boarding houses for the aged and invalids, and similar persons supported by governmental and non-governmental organizations.
Code 6 "savings" is to be encircled for persons living on material and money resources saved.
Code 7 "property income" is to be encircled for persons gaining income in the form of interest on their money deposits, credits, loans, equities, shares, other securities or any other property or property rights, copyrights to intellectual property, and for persons gaining income in the form of rent for housing, storage and other space, cars, instruments of labour, and land.
Code 8 "dependent" is to be encircled for persons living at the expense of relatives or other people, as well as for persons receiving alimony.
Code 9 "other source" is to be encircled for persons having other sources of livelihood than those listed above. For example, income of clergymen, casual earnings, charity, humanitarian aid, support of religious organizations, etc.
