COVID-19 High Frequency Phone Survey of Households 2020-2021, Living Standards Measurement Study Plus
Cambodia, 2020 - 2021
World Bank Group
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March 05, 2021
Last modified
March 05, 2021
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Identification
Survey ID Number
KHM_2020_HFPS-LSMS_v03_M
Title
COVID-19 High Frequency Phone Survey of Households 2020-2021, Living Standards Measurement Study Plus
Subtitle
Living Standards Measurement Study Plus
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Cambodia | KHM |
Study type
Socio-Economic/Monitoring Survey [hh/sems]
Abstract
To monitor the socioeconomic impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and inform policy responses and interventions, the COVID-19 High-Frequency Phone Survey (HFPS) of households was designed as part of a World Bank global initiative. For Cambodia, a total of 5 survey rounds are planned, with households being called back every 1 to 2 months. This allows for the impact of the pandemic to be tracked as it unfolds and provides data to the government and development partners in near real-time, supporting an evidence-based response to the crisis. The World Bank team decided to use the same sample of households that had been interviewed for the 2019 Living Standard Measurement Study Plus (LSMS+) survey implemented from October to December 2019 by the National Institute of Statistics (NIS) with technical and financial support from the World Bank. The LSMS+ is representative at national and urban/rural level.
The extensive information collected in the LSMS+, less than six months prior to the onset of the pandemic, provides a rich set of background information on which the COVID-19 High-Frequency Phone Survey of households can be leveraged to assess the differential impacts of the pandemic in the country. Data collection for Round 1 of the Cambodia COVID-19 HFPS based on the LSMS+ sample started in May 2020. The HFPS followed up with 1,364 households from the 2019 LSMS+ with a phone number. In Round 1, the phone survey was successfully completed for 700 households for a response rate of 51 percent. Sampling weights were adjusted to make sure that the surveyed sample remains representative at national and urban/rural.
The questionnaire covers a series of topics, such as knowledge of Covid-19 and social behavior, access to food, food insecurity, impact of the Covid-19 on income sources and coping mechanisms, access to social assistance, and impact of Covid-19 on economic activity. A modular approach is used in the questionnaire design, which allows for modules to be dropped and/or added in different waves/rounds of the survey. The questionnaire is designed to be administered between 20 to 25 minutes. The survey is implemented using Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing.
The extensive information collected in the LSMS+, less than six months prior to the onset of the pandemic, provides a rich set of background information on which the COVID-19 High-Frequency Phone Survey of households can be leveraged to assess the differential impacts of the pandemic in the country. Data collection for Round 1 of the Cambodia COVID-19 HFPS based on the LSMS+ sample started in May 2020. The HFPS followed up with 1,364 households from the 2019 LSMS+ with a phone number. In Round 1, the phone survey was successfully completed for 700 households for a response rate of 51 percent. Sampling weights were adjusted to make sure that the surveyed sample remains representative at national and urban/rural.
The questionnaire covers a series of topics, such as knowledge of Covid-19 and social behavior, access to food, food insecurity, impact of the Covid-19 on income sources and coping mechanisms, access to social assistance, and impact of Covid-19 on economic activity. A modular approach is used in the questionnaire design, which allows for modules to be dropped and/or added in different waves/rounds of the survey. The questionnaire is designed to be administered between 20 to 25 minutes. The survey is implemented using Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing.
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
- Households
- Individuals
- Individuals
Version
Version Description
Version 01: Edited, anonymized dataset for internal use only
Version Date
2021-05-19
Scope
Notes
The Cambodia COVID-19 High Frequency Phone Survey of Households covered the following topics:
- Household Roster (Round 1,2,3,4,5)
- Knowledge Regarding the Spread of COVID-19 (Round 1,3)
- Behavior and Social Distancing (Round 1) - Migration (Round 2)
- Access to Basic Services (Round 1,2,3,4,5)
- Employment (Round 1,2,3,4,5)
- Income Loss (Round 1,2,3,4,5)
- Coping/Shocks (Round 1,4)
- Food Security (Round 1,2,3,4,5)
- Aid and Support/ Social Safety Nets (Round 1,2,3,4,5)
- Household Roster (Round 1,2,3,4,5)
- Knowledge Regarding the Spread of COVID-19 (Round 1,3)
- Behavior and Social Distancing (Round 1) - Migration (Round 2)
- Access to Basic Services (Round 1,2,3,4,5)
- Employment (Round 1,2,3,4,5)
- Income Loss (Round 1,2,3,4,5)
- Coping/Shocks (Round 1,4)
- Food Security (Round 1,2,3,4,5)
- Aid and Support/ Social Safety Nets (Round 1,2,3,4,5)
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
National coverage - rural and urban.
Universe
The survey covered all de jure households (with a phone number) excluding prisons, hospitals, military barracks, and school dormitories.
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name |
|---|
| World Bank Group |
Producers
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| National Institute of Statistics | Collaborator |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| World Bank Group | WBG | Funded the study |
| European Union | EU | Funded the study |
| Australian Aid | AusAID | Funded the study |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
The HFPS drew its sample from the Living Standard Measurement Study Plus (LSMS+) survey implemented from October to December 2019 by the National Institute of Statistics (NIS) with technical and financial support from the World Bank.
In the LSMS+, 148 out of 1,512 households did not have a phone number. The HFPS focused on the remaining 1,364 for which a phone number was available. The phone survey was successfully completed for 700 households in May (Round 1). In August (Round 2), October (Round 3) and December (Round 4), 612, 481 and 410 households were successfully re-interviewed. In March 2021 (Round 5), 378 households were successfully re-contacted from December 2020, of which 390 households were interviewed in all five rounds. No replacement households have been included.
In the LSMS+, 148 out of 1,512 households did not have a phone number. The HFPS focused on the remaining 1,364 for which a phone number was available. The phone survey was successfully completed for 700 households in May (Round 1). In August (Round 2), October (Round 3) and December (Round 4), 612, 481 and 410 households were successfully re-interviewed. In March 2021 (Round 5), 378 households were successfully re-contacted from December 2020, of which 390 households were interviewed in all five rounds. No replacement households have been included.
Response Rate
Out of the 1,364 households in the 2019 LSMS+ survey for which a phone number was available, the HFPS was successfully completed for 700 households in round 1, for a response rate of 51 percent.
Weighting
Given the non-response rate, original LSMS+ sample weights must be adjusted to obtain unbiased estimates from the sample.
To construct the adjusted sampling weights, we follow the steps outlined in Himelein, K. (2014):
1. Begin with base weights from the 2019 LSMS+ for each household
2. Derive attrition-adjusted weights for all households by running a logistic response propensity model based on characteristics of the household head (i.e. education, labor force status, demographic characteristics), characteristics of the household (size, consumption, assets ownership), and characteristics of the dwelling (house ownership, overcrowding).
3. Trim weights by replacing the top one percent of observations with the 99th percentile cut-off point; and
4. Post-stratify weights to known population totals to correct for the imbalances across the five regions (Phnom Penh, Plain, Tonle Sap, Coastal, Plateau and Mountain). In doing so, we ensure that the distribution in the survey matches the distribution in the 2019 population and housing census.
Additional technical details and explanations on each of the steps briefly outlined above can be found in Himelein, K. (2014).
Given the non-response rate, original LSMS+ sample weights must be adjusted to obtain unbiased estimates from the sample.
To construct the adjusted sampling weights, we follow the steps outlined in Himelein, K. (2014):
1. Begin with base weights from the 2019 LSMS+ for each household
2. Derive attrition-adjusted weights for all households by running a logistic response propensity model based on characteristics of the household head (i.e. education, labor force status, demographic characteristics), characteristics of the household (size, consumption, assets ownership), and characteristics of the dwelling (house ownership, overcrowding).
3. Trim weights by replacing the top one percent of observations with the 99th percentile cut-off point; and
4. Post-stratify weights to known population totals to correct for the imbalances across the five regions (Phnom Penh, Plain, Tonle Sap, Coastal, Plateau and Mountain). In doing so, we ensure that the distribution in the survey matches the distribution in the 2019 population and housing census.
Additional technical details and explanations on each of the steps briefly outlined above can be found in Himelein, K. (2014).
Given the non-response rate, original LSMS+ sample weights must be adjusted to obtain unbiased estimates from the sample.
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 2020-05-11 | 2020-05-26 | Round 1 |
| 2020-08-17 | 2020-09-07 | Round 2 |
| 2020-10-14 | 2020-11-06 | Round 3 |
| 2020-12-17 | 2021-01-12 | Round 4 |
| 2021-03-01 | 2021-03-21 | Round 5 |
Data Collection Mode
Computer Assisted Telephone Interview [cati]
Data Collection Notes
The Cambodia COVID-19 High Frequency Phone Survey of Households (HFPS) was conducted using Computer Assisted Telephone Interview (CATI) techniques. The household questionnaire was implemented using the CATI software, Survey Solution.
Enumerators used their own mobile phone devices. Enumerators were given data bundles, allowing for internet connectivity and daily synchronization with the server. Data was sent to the server daily.
Field Supervisors reviewed the survey with enumerators on a daily basis via one-on-one calls and were always available to address any concerns that arose while performing an interview. At the same time, a Research Analyst was in charge of checking the uploaded data daily to identify errors and notify supervisors so as to avoid further errors during ongoing survey implementation and future surveys.
A dashboard was established and updated daily. The dashboard has information on individual enumerator performance, such as the number of calls logged, duration of calls, percentage of calls responded to and percentage of non-consents. Non-consent reason rates and attempts per household were monitored as well. The dashboard was also used to track overall survey completion and preview the results of key questions.
Field Supervisors made callback checks to a random subsample of households that completed a survey in Round 1. Field Supervisors called these households and administered a short survey, including (i) identifying the same respondent; (ii) determining the respondent's position within the household; (iii) confirming that a member of the data collection team had completed the interview; and (iv) a few questions from the original survey.
Enumerators used their own mobile phone devices. Enumerators were given data bundles, allowing for internet connectivity and daily synchronization with the server. Data was sent to the server daily.
Field Supervisors reviewed the survey with enumerators on a daily basis via one-on-one calls and were always available to address any concerns that arose while performing an interview. At the same time, a Research Analyst was in charge of checking the uploaded data daily to identify errors and notify supervisors so as to avoid further errors during ongoing survey implementation and future surveys.
A dashboard was established and updated daily. The dashboard has information on individual enumerator performance, such as the number of calls logged, duration of calls, percentage of calls responded to and percentage of non-consents. Non-consent reason rates and attempts per household were monitored as well. The dashboard was also used to track overall survey completion and preview the results of key questions.
Field Supervisors made callback checks to a random subsample of households that completed a survey in Round 1. Field Supervisors called these households and administered a short survey, including (i) identifying the same respondent; (ii) determining the respondent's position within the household; (iii) confirming that a member of the data collection team had completed the interview; and (iv) a few questions from the original survey.
Data Collectors
| Name |
|---|
| Nuppun Research and Consulting |
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
The Cambodia COVID-19 High Frequency Phone Survey of households questionnaire consists of the following sections:
Round 1
- Interview Information
- Household Roster
- Knowledge Regarding the Spread of COVID-19
- Behaviour and Social Distancing
- Access to Basic Services
- Employment
- Income Loss
- Coping/Shocks
- Food Security
- Aid and Support/ Social Safety Nets
Round 2
- Interview Information
- Household Roster
- Migration
- Access to Basic Services
- Employment
- Income Loss
- Food Security
- Aid and Support/ Social Safety Nets
Round 3
- Interview Information
- Household Roster
- Knowledge Regarding the Spread of COVID-19
- Access to Basic Services
- Employment
- Income Loss
- Food Security
- Aid and Support/ Social Safety Nets
- Payment method
Round 4
- Interview Information
- Household Roster
- Access to Basic Services
- Employment
- Income Loss
- Coping/Shocks
- Food Security
- Aid and Support/ Social Safety Nets
- Payment method
Round 5
- Interview Information
- Household Roster
- Access to Basic Services
- Employment
- Income Loss
- Food Security
- Aid and Support/ Social Safety Nets
Round 1
- Interview Information
- Household Roster
- Knowledge Regarding the Spread of COVID-19
- Behaviour and Social Distancing
- Access to Basic Services
- Employment
- Income Loss
- Coping/Shocks
- Food Security
- Aid and Support/ Social Safety Nets
Round 2
- Interview Information
- Household Roster
- Migration
- Access to Basic Services
- Employment
- Income Loss
- Food Security
- Aid and Support/ Social Safety Nets
Round 3
- Interview Information
- Household Roster
- Knowledge Regarding the Spread of COVID-19
- Access to Basic Services
- Employment
- Income Loss
- Food Security
- Aid and Support/ Social Safety Nets
- Payment method
Round 4
- Interview Information
- Household Roster
- Access to Basic Services
- Employment
- Income Loss
- Coping/Shocks
- Food Security
- Aid and Support/ Social Safety Nets
- Payment method
Round 5
- Interview Information
- Household Roster
- Access to Basic Services
- Employment
- Income Loss
- Food Security
- Aid and Support/ Social Safety Nets
Data Processing
Data Editing
At the end of data collection, the raw dataset was cleaned by the Research team. This included formatting, and correcting results based on monitoring issues, enumerator feedback and survey changes.
Only households that consented to being interviewed were kept in the dataset, and all personal information and internal survey variables were dropped from the clean dataset.
Only households that consented to being interviewed were kept in the dataset, and all personal information and internal survey variables were dropped from the clean dataset.
Access policy
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | |
|---|---|---|
| Kimsun Tong | World Bank Group | ktong@worldbank.org |
| Wendy Karamba | World Bank Group | wkaramba@worldbank.org |
Confidentiality
Before being granted access to the dataset, all users have to formally agree: 1. To make no copies of any files or portions of filesto which s/he is granted access except those authorized by the data depositor. 2. Not to use any technique in an attempt to learnthe identity of any person, establishment, or sampling unit not identified on public use data files. 3. To hold in strictestconfidence the identification of any establishment or individual that may be inadvertently revealed in any documents ordiscussion, or analysis. Such inadvertent identification revealed in her/his analysis will be immediately brought to the attention ofthe data depositor.
Access conditions
Before being granted access to the dataset, all users have to formally agree:
1. To make no copies of any files or portions of filesto which s/he is granted access except those authorized by the data depositor.
2. Not to use any technique in an attempt to learnthe identity of any person, establishment, or sampling unit not identified on public use data files.
3. To hold in strictest confidence the identification of any establishment or individual that may be inadvertently revealed in any documents ordiscussion, or analysis. Such inadvertent identification revealed in her/his analysis will be immediately brought to the attention ofthe data depositor.
1. To make no copies of any files or portions of filesto which s/he is granted access except those authorized by the data depositor.
2. Not to use any technique in an attempt to learnthe identity of any person, establishment, or sampling unit not identified on public use data files.
3. To hold in strictest confidence the identification of any establishment or individual that may be inadvertently revealed in any documents ordiscussion, or analysis. Such inadvertent identification revealed in her/his analysis will be immediately brought to the attention ofthe data depositor.
Citation requirements
Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download
World Bank. Cambodia COVID-19 High-Frequency Phone Survey of Households, Living Standards Measurement Study Plus 2020-2021. Ref. KHM_2020_HFPS-LSMS_v03_M. Dataset downloaded from [URL] on [date].
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download
World Bank. Cambodia COVID-19 High-Frequency Phone Survey of Households, Living Standards Measurement Study Plus 2020-2021. Ref. KHM_2020_HFPS-LSMS_v03_M. Dataset downloaded from [URL] on [date].
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
DDI_KHM_2020_HFPS-LSMS_v03_M_WB
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Development Economics Data Group | DECDG | The World Bank | Documentation of the DDI |
Date of Metadata Production
2021-06-02
DDI Document version
Version 03 (May 2021)