COVID-19 Somali High-Frequency Phone Survey 2020-2021
Somalia, 2020 - 2021
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Reference ID
SOM_2020_HFPS_v02_M
Producer(s)
Wendy Karamba, World Bank
Collection(s)
Metadata
Created on
Oct 26, 2021
Last modified
Oct 26, 2021
Page views
7192
Downloads
572
Identification
Survey ID Number
SOM_2020_HFPS_v02_M
Title
COVID-19 Somali High-Frequency Phone Survey 2020-2021
Country/Economy
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Somalia | SOM |
Study type
Socio-Economic/Monitoring Survey [hh/sems]
Series Information
Round 1 of the COVID-19 SHFPS was conducted 18 June–23 July 2020. The same households from Round 1 are tracked over time, allowing for the monitoring of the well-being of households in near-real time and enabling an evidence-based response to the COVID-19 crisis. Round 2 was implemented in January 2021.
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its effects on households create an urgent need for timely data and evidence to help monitor and mitigate the social and economic impacts of the crisis on the Somali people, especially the poor and most vulnerable. To monitor the socioeconomic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and inform policy responses and interventions, the World Bank as part of a global initiative designed and conducted a nationally representative COVID-19 Somali High-Frequency Phone Survey (SHFPS) of households. The survey covers important and relevant topics, including knowledge of COVID-19 and adoption of preventative behavior, economic activity and income sources, access to basic goods and services, exposure to shocks and coping mechanisms, and access to social assistance.
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
- Households
Version
Version Description
v02 - Edited, anonymized dataset for public use.
Version Date
2021-12
Version Notes
Version 2 has been updated with Round 2 data.
Scope
Notes
The Somali COVID-19 High-Frequency Phone Survey (SHFPS) of households covered the following topics:
- Household roster (R1, R2)
- Knowledge regarding the spread of COVID-19 (R1, R2)
- Behavior and social distancing (R1, R2)
- Concerns related to the COVID-19 pandemic (R1, R2)
- Access to basic goods and services (R1, R2)
- Employment (R1, R2)
- Income loss (R1, R2)
- Remittances (R1, R2)
- Shocks and coping mechanisms (R1, R2)
- Food insecurity (R1, R2)
- Social assistance and safety nets (R1, R2)
- COVID-19 vaccine (R2)
- Mortality (R2)
- Interaction with internally displaced persons (R2)
- Household roster (R1, R2)
- Knowledge regarding the spread of COVID-19 (R1, R2)
- Behavior and social distancing (R1, R2)
- Concerns related to the COVID-19 pandemic (R1, R2)
- Access to basic goods and services (R1, R2)
- Employment (R1, R2)
- Income loss (R1, R2)
- Remittances (R1, R2)
- Shocks and coping mechanisms (R1, R2)
- Food insecurity (R1, R2)
- Social assistance and safety nets (R1, R2)
- COVID-19 vaccine (R2)
- Mortality (R2)
- Interaction with internally displaced persons (R2)
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
National.
Jubaland, South West, HirShabelle, Galmudug, Puntland, and Somaliland (self-declared independence in 1991), and Banadir.
Jubaland, South West, HirShabelle, Galmudug, Puntland, and Somaliland (self-declared independence in 1991), and Banadir.
Universe
Households with access to phones.
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Wendy Karamba, World Bank | IBRD |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Somalia Knowledge for Results from the Multi-Partner Fund for Somalia | MPF | Round 1 funding |
| Trust Fund for Statistical Capacity Building | TFSCB | Round 1 funding |
| Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH | GIZ | Round 2 funding |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
Sample allocation for the COVID-19 SHFPS has been developed to provide representative and reliable estimates nationally, and at the level of Jubaland, South West, HirShabelle, Galmudug, Puntland, Somaliland, Banadir Regional Administration and by population type (i.e. urban, rural, nomads, and IDPs populations). The sampling procedure had two steps. The sample was stratified according to the 18 pre-war regions—which are the country’s first-level administrative divisions—and population types. This resulted in 57 strata, of which 7 are IDP, 17 are nomadic, 16 are exclusively urban strata, 15 exclusively rural, and 2 are combined urban-rural strata. The sample size in some strata was too small, thus urban and rural areas were merged into one single strata; this was the case for Sool and Sanaag.
Round 1 of the COVID-19 SHFPS was implemented between June and July 2020. The survey interviewed 2,811 households (1,735 urban households, 611 rural households, 435 nomadic households, and 30 IDP households in settlements). The sample of 2,811 households was contacted using a random digit dialing protocol. The sampling frame was the SHFPS Round 1 data - the same households from Round 1 are tracked over time, allowing for the monitoring of the well-being of households in near-real time and enabling an evidence-based response to the COVID-19 crisis.
Round 2 of the COVID-19 SHFPS was implemented in January 2021. A total of 1,756 households were surveyed (738 urban households, 647 rural households, 309 nomadic households, and 62 IDP households in settlements). Of the 1,756 households, 91 percent were successfully re-contacted from Round 1, with the remainder reached via random digit dialing. Administration of the questionnaire took on average 30 minutes.
Round 1 of the COVID-19 SHFPS was implemented between June and July 2020. The survey interviewed 2,811 households (1,735 urban households, 611 rural households, 435 nomadic households, and 30 IDP households in settlements). The sample of 2,811 households was contacted using a random digit dialing protocol. The sampling frame was the SHFPS Round 1 data - the same households from Round 1 are tracked over time, allowing for the monitoring of the well-being of households in near-real time and enabling an evidence-based response to the COVID-19 crisis.
Round 2 of the COVID-19 SHFPS was implemented in January 2021. A total of 1,756 households were surveyed (738 urban households, 647 rural households, 309 nomadic households, and 62 IDP households in settlements). Of the 1,756 households, 91 percent were successfully re-contacted from Round 1, with the remainder reached via random digit dialing. Administration of the questionnaire took on average 30 minutes.
Deviations from the Sample Design
The target sample for Round 1 was 3,000 households. The realized sample consists of 2,811 households.
Reaching rural and nomadic-lifestyle respondents proved to be difficult in a phone survey setting due to lifestyle considerations and relatively lower phone penetration compared to urban settings. To overcome this challenge, the following were performed:
- Lowering the sample size of the rural stratum
- Reducing the number of interviews in the oversampled urban strata of Kismayo (Jubaland – Lower Juba/Urban) and Baidoa (South West State – Bay/Urban)
- Utilizing snowball sampling methodology (i.e. referrals) to increase the sample for hard-to-reach population types, namely the nomadic households.
In Round 2, initially, a sample size of 1,800 households was targeted. However, due to implementation challenges in reaching specific population groups via phone, the sample size was slightly reduced. At the end of the data collection, 1,756 households had been interviewed.
Reaching rural and nomadic-lifestyle respondents proved to be difficult in a phone survey setting due to lifestyle considerations and relatively lower phone penetration compared to urban settings. To overcome this challenge, the following were performed:
- Lowering the sample size of the rural stratum
- Reducing the number of interviews in the oversampled urban strata of Kismayo (Jubaland – Lower Juba/Urban) and Baidoa (South West State – Bay/Urban)
- Utilizing snowball sampling methodology (i.e. referrals) to increase the sample for hard-to-reach population types, namely the nomadic households.
In Round 2, initially, a sample size of 1,800 households was targeted. However, due to implementation challenges in reaching specific population groups via phone, the sample size was slightly reduced. At the end of the data collection, 1,756 households had been interviewed.
Response Rate
The response rate is defined as the percentage of reached eligible households willing to participate in the survey. It is calculated as the number of interviewed households over the number of reached eligible households, thus excluding unreached households (i.e. invalid numbers or failure to contact the household) and households that were reached but were not eligible to participate in the survey (as determined by the minimum age requirement of the main respondent and sampling criteria).
The response rate for Round 1 was nearly 80 percent.
In Round 2, 91 percent of the 1,756 households surveyed were successfully re-contacted from Round 1, with the remainder reached via random digit dialing.
The response rate for Round 1 was nearly 80 percent.
In Round 2, 91 percent of the 1,756 households surveyed were successfully re-contacted from Round 1, with the remainder reached via random digit dialing.
Weighting
To ensure the representativeness of the distribution of Somali households by state and population type, each household observation was adjusted by a sampling weight.
Based on the sampling design, sampling weights were calculated after the completion of data collection. Sampling weights were calculated with two goals: i) to correct for the selection bias generated by the Random Digit Dialing (RDD) protocol, namely to correct for the under-coverage of households that do not have access to a mobile phone, and ii) to ensure representativeness of the distribution of Somali households by state and population type. The first is achieved using a Propensity Score Weighting (PSW) methodology. To this end, the probability of being included in the phone survey is estimated and observations with a lower probability of being included are given a higher weight. The second is achieved using a post-stratification methodology. The final weight combines a propensity score weight and a post-stratification weight.
In Round 2, cross-sectional weights (CSW) were calculated for all households interviewed in round 2.
For more details, see accompanying documents available under the downloads tab.
Based on the sampling design, sampling weights were calculated after the completion of data collection. Sampling weights were calculated with two goals: i) to correct for the selection bias generated by the Random Digit Dialing (RDD) protocol, namely to correct for the under-coverage of households that do not have access to a mobile phone, and ii) to ensure representativeness of the distribution of Somali households by state and population type. The first is achieved using a Propensity Score Weighting (PSW) methodology. To this end, the probability of being included in the phone survey is estimated and observations with a lower probability of being included are given a higher weight. The second is achieved using a post-stratification methodology. The final weight combines a propensity score weight and a post-stratification weight.
In Round 2, cross-sectional weights (CSW) were calculated for all households interviewed in round 2.
For more details, see accompanying documents available under the downloads tab.
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 2020-06-18 | 2020-07-23 | Round 1 |
| 2021-01-07 | 2021-01-31 | Round 2 |
Data Collection Mode
Computer Assisted Telephone Interview [cati]
Data Collection Notes
The COVID-19 SHFPS questionnaire took on average 30 minutes to administer. The COVID-19 SHFPS was conducted using Computer Assisted Telephone Interview (CATI) techniques. The household questionnaire was implemented using the CATI software, SurveyCTO. The phone survey data collection was conducted through a call center. A gender-balanced call center team who can communicate with respondents in local language was selected. The call center used a TeleSom multi-line phone system accessed through laptops. This system allows user to dial any phone number in Somalia across the four main Somali phone networks (TeleSom, Somtel, Gollis, and Hormuud). The system used land-based technology rather than Voice Over IP to improve call quality.
Data Collectors
| Name |
|---|
| Altai Consulting |
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
The questionnaire of the COVID-19 Somali High-Frequency Phone Survey (SHFPS) of households consists of the following sections:
- Interview information (R1, R2)
- Household roster (R1, R2)
- Knowledge regarding the spread of COVID-19 (R1, R2)
- Behavior and social distancing (R1, R2)
- Concerns related to the COVID-19 pandemic (R1, R2)
- COVID-19 vaccine (R2)
- Access to basic goods and services (R1, R2)
- Employment (R1, R2)
- Income loss (R1, R2)
- Remittances (R1, R2)
- Mortality (R2)
- Shocks and coping mechanisms (R1, R2)
- Food insecurity (R1, R2)
- Social assistance and safety nets (R1, R2)
- Interaction with internally displaced persons (R2)
- Interview information (R1, R2)
- Household roster (R1, R2)
- Knowledge regarding the spread of COVID-19 (R1, R2)
- Behavior and social distancing (R1, R2)
- Concerns related to the COVID-19 pandemic (R1, R2)
- COVID-19 vaccine (R2)
- Access to basic goods and services (R1, R2)
- Employment (R1, R2)
- Income loss (R1, R2)
- Remittances (R1, R2)
- Mortality (R2)
- Shocks and coping mechanisms (R1, R2)
- Food insecurity (R1, R2)
- Social assistance and safety nets (R1, R2)
- Interaction with internally displaced persons (R2)
Data Processing
Data Editing
At the end of data collection, the raw dataset was cleaned by the Research team. This included formatting, and correcting results based on monitoring issues, enumerator feedback and survey changes.
Only households that consented to being interviewed were kept in the dataset, and all personal information and internal survey variables were dropped from the clean dataset.
Only households that consented to being interviewed were kept in the dataset, and all personal information and internal survey variables were dropped from the clean dataset.
Access policy
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | |
|---|---|---|
| Wendy Karamba | World Bank | wkaramba@worldbank.org |
Confidentiality
Before being granted access to the dataset, all users have to formally agree: 1. To make no copies of any files or portions of files to which s/he is granted access except those authorized by the data depositor. 2. Not to use any technique in an attempt to learn the identity of any person, establishment, or sampling unit not identified on public use data files. 3. To hold in strictest confidence the identification of any establishment or individual that may be inadvertently revealed in any documents or discussion, or analysis. Such inadvertent identification revealed in her/his analysis will be immediately brought to the attention of the data depositor.
Access conditions
The dataset has been anonymized and is available as a Public Use Dataset. It is accessible to all for statistical and research purposes only, under the following terms and conditions:
1. The data and other materials will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organizations without the written agreement of the World Bank Microdata Library.
2. The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only. They will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations.
3. No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents, and no use will be made of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently. Any such discovery would immediately be reported to the World Bank Microdata Library.
4. No attempt will be made to produce links among datasets provided by the World Bank Microdata Library, or among data from the World Bank Microdata Library and other datasets that could identify individuals or organizations.
5. Any books, articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, reports, or other publications that employ data obtained from the World Bank Microdata Library will cite the source of data in accordance with the Citation Requirement provided with each dataset.
1. The data and other materials will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organizations without the written agreement of the World Bank Microdata Library.
2. The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only. They will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations.
3. No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents, and no use will be made of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently. Any such discovery would immediately be reported to the World Bank Microdata Library.
4. No attempt will be made to produce links among datasets provided by the World Bank Microdata Library, or among data from the World Bank Microdata Library and other datasets that could identify individuals or organizations.
5. Any books, articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, reports, or other publications that employ data obtained from the World Bank Microdata Library will cite the source of data in accordance with the Citation Requirement provided with each dataset.
Citation requirements
Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator.
- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation).
- the survey reference number.
- the source and date of download.
Example,
Wendy Karamba, World Bank. COVID-19 Somali High-Frequency Phone Survey (SHFPS). Ref. SOM_2020_HFPS_v02_M. Dataset downloaded from [URL] on [date].
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator.
- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation).
- the survey reference number.
- the source and date of download.
Example,
Wendy Karamba, World Bank. COVID-19 Somali High-Frequency Phone Survey (SHFPS). Ref. SOM_2020_HFPS_v02_M. Dataset downloaded from [URL] on [date].
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
DDI_SOM_2020_HFPS_v02_M_WB
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Development Data Group | DECDG | World Bank | Documentation of the DDI |
Date of Metadata Production
2022-04-07
DDI Document version
Version 2. (April 2022)