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Air Pollution in World Cities 2000
PM10 Concentrations

Afghanistan, Angola, Albania...and 158 more, 1999 - 2000
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Reference ID
WLD_2000_APWC_v01_M
DOI
https://doi.org/10.48529/xms0-9r35
Producer(s)
Kiran D. Pandey, David R. Wheeler, Uwe Deichmann, Kirk E. Hamilton, Bart Ostro and Katie Bolt
Collection(s)
Development Research Microdata Fragility, Conflict and Violence
Metadata
Documentation in PDF DDI/XML JSON
Study website
Created on
Apr 11, 2011
Last modified
Oct 26, 2023
Page views
50878
Downloads
4995
  • Identification
  • Scope
  • Coverage
  • Producers and sponsors
  • Data collection
  • Data Access
  • Disclaimer and copyrights
  • Contacts
  • Metadata production
  • Citation

    • Identification

    Survey ID number

    WLD_2000_APWC_v01_M
    Title

    Air Pollution in World Cities 2000
    Subtitle

    PM10 Concentrations
    Country/Economy
    Name Country code
    Afghanistan AFG
    Angola AGO
    Albania ALB
    Andorra AND
    Netherlands Antilles ANT
    United Arab Emirates ARE
    Argentina ARG
    Armenia ARM
    Antigua and Barbuda ATG
    Australia AUS
    Austria AUT
    Azerbaijan AZE
    Burundi BDI
    Belgium BEL
    Benin BEN
    Burkina Faso BFA
    Bulgaria BGR
    Bahrain BHR
    Bosnia and Herzegovina BIH
    Bolivia BOL
    Brazil BRA
    Barbados BRB
    Bhutan BTN
    Central African Republic CAF
    Canada CAN
    Switzerland CHE
    Chile CHL
    China CHN
    Cameroon CMR
    Congo, Rep. COG
    Congo, Rep. COG
    Comoros COM
    Costa Rica CRI
    Cuba CUB
    Cyprus CYP
    Germany DEU
    Dominica DMA
    Denmark DNK
    Dominican Republic DOM
    Algeria DZA
    Ecuador ECU
    Egypt, Arab Rep. EGY
    Spain ESP
    Estonia EST
    Ethiopia ETH
    Finland FIN
    Fiji FJI
    France FRA
    Gabon GAB
    United Kingdom GBR
    Georgia GEO
    Ghana GHA
    Guinea GIN
    Guinea-Bissau GNB
    Greece GRC
    Grenada GRD
    Guatemala GTM
    Guyana GUY
    Hong Kong SAR, China HKG
    Honduras HND
    Croatia HRV
    Haiti HTI
    Hungary HUN
    Indonesia IDN
    India IND
    Ireland IRL
    Iraq IRQ
    Iceland ISL
    Israel ISR
    Italy ITA
    Jamaica JAM
    Jordan JOR
    Japan JPN
    Kazakhstan KAZ
    Kenya KEN
    Cambodia KHM
    St. Kitts and Nevis KNA
    Korea, Rep. KOR
    Kuwait KWT
    Lao PDR LAO
    Liberia LBR
    St. Lucia LCA
    Liechtenstein LIE
    Sri Lanka LKA
    Lesotho LSO
    Lithuania LTU
    Latvia LVA
    Macao SAR, China MAC
    Morocco MAR
    Moldova MDA
    Madagascar MDG
    Maldives MDV
    Mexico MEX
    North Macedonia MKD
    Mali MLI
    Myanmar MMR
    Montenegro MNE
    Mongolia MNG
    Mozambique MOZ
    Mauritania MRT
    Malawi MWI
    Malaysia MYS
    Namibia NAM
    New Caledonia NCL
    Niger NER
    Nigeria NGA
    Nicaragua NIC
    Netherlands NLD
    New Zealand NZL
    Oman OMN
    Pakistan PAK
    Panama PAN
    Peru PER
    Philippines PHL
    Papua New Guinea PNG
    Poland POL
    Puerto Rico PRI
    Portugal PRT
    Paraguay PRY
    Qatar QAT
    Romania ROU
    Russian Federation RUS
    Rwanda RWA
    Saudi Arabia SAU
    Sudan SDN
    Senegal SEN
    Singapore SGP
    Solomon Islands SLB
    Sierra Leone SLE
    El Salvador SLV
    Somalia SOM
    Serbia SRB
    Sao Tome and Principe STP
    Suriname SUR
    Slovak Republic SVK
    Slovenia SVN
    Sweden SWE
    Eswatini SWZ
    Syrian Arab Republic SYR
    Togo TGO
    Thailand THA
    Tajikistan TJK
    Turkmenistan TKM
    Trinidad and Tobago TTO
    Tunisia TUN
    Turkiye TUR
    Tanzania TZA
    Uganda UGA
    Ukraine UKR
    Uruguay URY
    United States USA
    Uzbekistan UZB
    St. Vincent & Grenadines VCT
    Venezuela, RB VEN
    Virgin Islands (U.S.) VIR
    Viet Nam VNM
    Vanuatu VUT
    South Africa ZAF
    Zambia ZMB
    Zimbabwe ZWE
    Yugoslavia Fed. Rep. YUG
    Study type

    Macroeconomics - Indicators
    Other identifiers
    Type Identifier
    DOI https://doi.org/10.48529/xms0-9r35
    Abstract
    Polluted air is a major health hazard in developing countries. Improvements in pollution monitoring and statistical techniques during the last several decades have steadily enhanced the ability to measure the health effects of air pollution. Current methods can detect significant increases in the incidence of cardiopulmonary and respiratory diseases, coughing, bronchitis, and lung cancer, as well as premature deaths from these diseases resulting from elevated concentrations of ambient Particulate Matter (Holgate 1999).

    Scarce public resources have limited the monitoring of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) concentrations in developing countries, despite their large potential health effects. As a result, policymakers in many developing countries remain uncertain about the exposure of their residents to PM air pollution. The Global Model of Ambient Particulates (GMAPS) is an attempt to bridge this information gap through an econometrically estimated model for predicting PM levels in world cities (Pandey et al. forthcoming).

    The estimation model is based on the latest available monitored PM pollution data from the World Health Organization, supplemented by data from other reliable sources. The current model can be used to estimate PM levels in urban residential areas and non-residential pollution hotspots. The results of the model are used to project annual average ambient PM concentrations for residential and non-residential areas in 3,226 world cities with populations larger than 100,000, as well as national capitals.

    The study finds wide, systematic variations in ambient PM concentrations, both across world cities and over time. PM concentrations have risen at a slower rate than total emissions. Overall emission levels have been rising, especially for poorer countries, at nearly 6 percent per year. PM concentrations have not increased by as much, due to improvements in technology and structural shifts in the world economy. Additionally, within-country variations in PM levels can diverge greatly (by a factor of 5 in some cases), because of the direct and indirect effects of geo-climatic factors.

    The primary determinants of PM concentrations are the scale and composition of economic activity, population, the energy mix, the strength of local pollution regulation, and geographic and atmospheric conditions that affect pollutant dispersion in the atmosphere.
    Kind of Data

    Observation data/ratings [obs]

    Scope

    Notes

    The dataset includes the followings:

    • Urban population
    • PM10 concentration level

    Coverage

    Geographic Coverage

    The database covers the following countries:
    Afghanistan
    Albania
    Algeria
    Andorra
    Angola
    Antigua and Barbuda
    Argentina
    Armenia
    Australia
    Austria
    Azerbaijan
    Bahamas, The
    Bahrain
    Bangladesh
    Barbados
    Belarus
    Belgium
    Belize
    Benin
    Bhutan
    Bolivia
    Bosnia and Herzegovina
    Brazil
    Brunei
    Bulgaria
    Burkina Faso
    Burundi
    Cambodia
    Cameroon
    Canada
    Cayman Islands
    Central African Republic
    Chad
    Chile
    China
    Colombia
    Comoros
    Congo, Dem. Rep.
    Congo, Rep.
    Costa Rica
    Cote d'Ivoire
    Croatia
    Cuba
    Cyprus
    Czech Republic
    Denmark
    Dominica
    Dominican Republic
    Ecuador
    Egypt, Arab Rep.
    El Salvador
    Eritrea
    Estonia
    Ethiopia
    Faeroe Islands
    Fiji
    Finland
    France
    Gabon
    Gambia, The
    Georgia
    Germany
    Ghana
    Greece
    Grenada
    Guatemala
    Guinea
    Guinea-Bissau
    Guyana
    Haiti
    Honduras
    Hong Kong, China
    Hungary
    Iceland
    India
    Indonesia
    Iran, Islamic Rep.
    Iraq
    Ireland
    Israel
    Italy
    Jamaica
    Japan
    Jordan
    Kazakhstan
    Kenya
    Korea, Dem. Rep.
    Korea, Rep.
    Kuwait
    Kyrgyz Republic
    Lao PDR
    Latvia
    Lebanon
    Lesotho
    Liberia
    Liechtenstein
    Lithuania
    Luxembourg
    Macao, China
    Macedonia, FYR
    Madagascar
    Malawi
    Malaysia
    Maldives
    Mali
    Mauritania
    Mexico
    Moldova
    Mongolia
    Morocco
    Mozambique
    Myanmar
    Namibia
    Nepal
    Netherlands
    Netherlands Antilles
    New Caledonia
    New Zealand
    Nicaragua
    Niger
    Nigeria
    Norway
    Oman
    Pakistan
    Panama
    Papua New Guinea
    Paraguay
    Peru
    Philippines
    Poland
    Portugal
    Puerto Rico
    Qatar
    Romania
    Russian Federation
    Rwanda
    Sao Tome and Principe
    Saudi Arabia
    Senegal
    Sierra Leone
    Singapore
    Slovak Republic
    Slovenia
    Solomon Islands
    Somalia
    South Africa
    Spain
    Sri Lanka
    St. Kitts and Nevis
    St. Lucia
    St. Vincent and the Grenadines
    Sudan
    Suriname
    Swaziland
    Sweden
    Switzerland
    Syrian Arab Republic
    Tajikistan
    Tanzania
    Thailand
    Togo
    Trinidad and Tobago
    Tunisia
    Turkey
    Turkmenistan
    Uganda
    Ukraine
    United Arab Emirates
    United Kingdom
    United States
    Uruguay
    Uzbekistan
    Vanuatu
    Venezuela, RB
    Vietnam
    Virgin Islands (U.S.)
    Yemen, Rep.
    Yugoslavia, FR (Serbia/Montenegro)
    Zambia
    Zimbabwe

    Producers and sponsors

    Primary investigators
    Name
    Kiran D. Pandey, David R. Wheeler, Uwe Deichmann, Kirk E. Hamilton, Bart Ostro and Katie Bolt

    Data collection

    Dates of Data Collection
    Start End Cycle
    1999 1999 Pollution data
    2000 2000 Population data
    Time periods
    Start date End date
    1999 2000

    Data Access

    Citation requirements

    Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:

    • the Identification of the Primary Investigator
    • the title of the survey (including acronym and year of implementation)
    • the survey reference number
    • the source and date of download

    Example:

    Kiran Dev Pandey et al. Air Pollution in World Cities (APWC) 2000. Ref. WLD_2000_APWC_v01_M. Dataset downloaded from http://microdata.worldbank.org on [date].

    Disclaimer and copyrights

    Disclaimer

    The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.

    Contacts

    Contacts
    Name Affiliation Email URL
    Development Research Group World Bank research@worldbank.org http://go.worldbank.org/B9W4QTDHR0

    Metadata production

    DDI Document ID

    DDI_WLD_2000_APWC_v02_M
    Date of Metadata Production

    2010-11-14

    Metadata version

    DDI Document version

    DDI Document - Version 02 - (04/21/21)
    This version is identical to DDI_WLD_2000_APWC_v01_M but country field has been updated to capture all the countries covered by survey.

    Version 01 (September 2010)

    Citation

    Citation
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