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    Home / Central Data Catalog / MICRODATA_RG / WLD_2000_APWC_V01_M
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Air Pollution in World Cities 2000
PM10 Concentrations

Afghanistan, Angola, Albania...and 158 more, 1999 - 2000
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Reference ID
WLD_2000_APWC_v01_M
DOI
https://doi.org/10.48529/xms0-9r35
Producer(s)
Kiran D. Pandey, David R. Wheeler, Uwe Deichmann, Kirk E. Hamilton, Bart Ostro and Katie Bolt
Collection(s)
Development Research Microdata Fragility, Conflict and Violence
Metadata
Documentation in PDF DDI/XML JSON
Study website
Created on
Apr 11, 2011
Last modified
Jun 13, 2022
Page views
34381
Downloads
3697
  • Study Description
  • Data Description
  • Documentation
  • Get Microdata
  • Identification
  • Scope
  • Coverage
  • Producers and sponsors
  • Data Collection
  • Access policy
  • Disclaimer and copyrights
  • Metadata production

Identification

Survey ID Number
WLD_2000_APWC_v01_M
Title
Air Pollution in World Cities 2000
Subtitle
PM10 Concentrations
Country/Economy
Name Country code
Afghanistan AFG
Angola AGO
Albania ALB
Andorra AND
Netherlands Antilles ANT
United Arab Emirates ARE
Argentina ARG
Armenia ARM
Antigua and Barbuda ATG
Australia AUS
Austria AUT
Azerbaijan AZE
Burundi BDI
Belgium BEL
Benin BEN
Burkina Faso BFA
Bulgaria BGR
Bahrain BHR
Bosnia and Herzegovina BIH
Bolivia BOL
Brazil BRA
Barbados BRB
Bhutan BTN
Central African Republic CAF
Canada CAN
Switzerland CHE
Chile CHL
China CHN
Cameroon CMR
Congo, Rep. COG
Congo, Rep. COG
Comoros COM
Costa Rica CRI
Cuba CUB
Cyprus CYP
Germany DEU
Dominica DMA
Denmark DNK
Dominican Republic DOM
Algeria DZA
Ecuador ECU
Egypt, Arab Rep. EGY
Spain ESP
Estonia EST
Ethiopia ETH
Finland FIN
Fiji FJI
France FRA
Gabon GAB
United Kingdom GBR
Georgia GEO
Ghana GHA
Guinea GIN
Guinea-Bissau GNB
Greece GRC
Grenada GRD
Guatemala GTM
Guyana GUY
Hong Kong SAR, China HKG
Honduras HND
Croatia HRV
Haiti HTI
Hungary HUN
Indonesia IDN
India IND
Ireland IRL
Iraq IRQ
Iceland ISL
Israel ISR
Italy ITA
Jamaica JAM
Jordan JOR
Japan JPN
Kazakhstan KAZ
Kenya KEN
Cambodia KHM
St. Kitts and Nevis KNA
Korea, Rep. KOR
Kuwait KWT
Lao PDR LAO
Liberia LBR
St. Lucia LCA
Liechtenstein LIE
Sri Lanka LKA
Lesotho LSO
Lithuania LTU
Latvia LVA
Macao SAR, China MAC
Morocco MAR
Moldova MDA
Madagascar MDG
Maldives MDV
Mexico MEX
North Macedonia MKD
Mali MLI
Myanmar MMR
Montenegro MNE
Mongolia MNG
Mozambique MOZ
Mauritania MRT
Malawi MWI
Malaysia MYS
Namibia NAM
New Caledonia NCL
Niger NER
Nigeria NGA
Nicaragua NIC
Netherlands NLD
New Zealand NZL
Oman OMN
Pakistan PAK
Panama PAN
Peru PER
Philippines PHL
Papua New Guinea PNG
Poland POL
Puerto Rico PRI
Portugal PRT
Paraguay PRY
Qatar QAT
Romania ROU
Russian Federation RUS
Rwanda RWA
Saudi Arabia SAU
Sudan SDN
Senegal SEN
Singapore SGP
Solomon Islands SLB
Sierra Leone SLE
El Salvador SLV
Somalia SOM
Serbia SRB
Sao Tome and Principe STP
Suriname SUR
Slovak Republic SVK
Slovenia SVN
Sweden SWE
Eswatini SWZ
Syrian Arab Republic SYR
Togo TGO
Thailand THA
Tajikistan TJK
Turkmenistan TKM
Trinidad and Tobago TTO
Tunisia TUN
Turkiye TUR
Tanzania TZA
Uganda UGA
Ukraine UKR
Uruguay URY
United States USA
Uzbekistan UZB
St. Vincent & Grenadines VCT
Venezuela, RB VEN
Virgin Islands (U.S.) VIR
Vietnam VNM
Vanuatu VUT
South Africa ZAF
Zambia ZMB
Zimbabwe ZWE
Yugoslavia Fed. Rep. YUG
Study type
Macroeconomics - Indicators
Abstract
Polluted air is a major health hazard in developing countries. Improvements in pollution monitoring and statistical techniques during the last several decades have steadily enhanced the ability to measure the health effects of air pollution. Current methods can detect significant increases in the incidence of cardiopulmonary and respiratory diseases, coughing, bronchitis, and lung cancer, as well as premature deaths from these diseases resulting from elevated concentrations of ambient Particulate Matter (Holgate 1999).

Scarce public resources have limited the monitoring of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) concentrations in developing countries, despite their large potential health effects. As a result, policymakers in many developing countries remain uncertain about the exposure of their residents to PM air pollution. The Global Model of Ambient Particulates (GMAPS) is an attempt to bridge this information gap through an econometrically estimated model for predicting PM levels in world cities (Pandey et al. forthcoming).

The estimation model is based on the latest available monitored PM pollution data from the World Health Organization, supplemented by data from other reliable sources. The current model can be used to estimate PM levels in urban residential areas and non-residential pollution hotspots. The results of the model are used to project annual average ambient PM concentrations for residential and non-residential areas in 3,226 world cities with populations larger than 100,000, as well as national capitals.

The study finds wide, systematic variations in ambient PM concentrations, both across world cities and over time. PM concentrations have risen at a slower rate than total emissions. Overall emission levels have been rising, especially for poorer countries, at nearly 6 percent per year. PM concentrations have not increased by as much, due to improvements in technology and structural shifts in the world economy. Additionally, within-country variations in PM levels can diverge greatly (by a factor of 5 in some cases), because of the direct and indirect effects of geo-climatic factors.

The primary determinants of PM concentrations are the scale and composition of economic activity, population, the energy mix, the strength of local pollution regulation, and geographic and atmospheric conditions that affect pollutant dispersion in the atmosphere.
Kind of Data
Observation data/ratings [obs]

Scope

Notes
The dataset includes the followings:
- Urban population
- PM10 concentration level

Coverage

Geographic Coverage
The database covers the following countries:
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
Andorra
Angola
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Armenia
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas, The
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Brazil
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cayman Islands
Central African Republic
Chad
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire
Croatia
Cuba
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt, Arab Rep.
El Salvador
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Faeroe Islands
Fiji
Finland
France
Gabon
Gambia, The
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Grenada
Guatemala
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Hong Kong, China
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Iraq
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Korea, Dem. Rep.
Korea, Rep.
Kuwait
Kyrgyz Republic
Lao PDR
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macao, China
Macedonia, FYR
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Mauritania
Mexico
Moldova
Mongolia
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
Namibia
Nepal
Netherlands
Netherlands Antilles
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russian Federation
Rwanda
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Solomon Islands
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syrian Arab Republic
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Venezuela, RB
Vietnam
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
Yemen, Rep.
Yugoslavia, FR (Serbia/Montenegro)
Zambia
Zimbabwe

Producers and sponsors

Primary investigators
Name
Kiran D. Pandey, David R. Wheeler, Uwe Deichmann, Kirk E. Hamilton, Bart Ostro and Katie Bolt

Data Collection

Dates of Data Collection
Start End Cycle
1999 1999 Pollution data
2000 2000 Population data
Time periods
Start date End date
1999 2000
Data Collection Mode
Other [oth]

Access policy

Contacts
Name Affiliation Email URL
Development Research Group World Bank research@worldbank.org Link
Citation requirements
Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download

Example:

Kiran Dev Pandey et al. Air Pollution in World Cities (APWC) 2000. Ref. WLD_2000_APWC_v01_M. Dataset downloaded from http://microdata.worldbank.org on [date].

Disclaimer and copyrights

Disclaimer
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.

Metadata production

DDI Document ID
DDI_WLD_2000_APWC_v02_M
Date of Metadata Production
2010-11-14
DDI Document version
DDI Document - Version 02 - (04/21/21)
This version is identical to DDI_WLD_2000_APWC_v01_M but country field has been updated to capture all the countries covered by survey.

Version 01 (September 2010)
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