As land is a prime factor of production for the agricultural country like Nepal, access to it has been the major source for the livelihoods of small and medium farmers. But access to land is governed by the tenure arrangements which in turn affect the production and productivity of the farm. Gaining access through renting in of land has had various implications with some studies indicating a positive outcome while others indicating a negative outcome. In Nepal, renting in of land in the form sharecropping is widely practiced in Mid Western Region, but there is a gap in the academic study as to whether this benefits the farmers and makes them food sufficient. In this context, this study attempts to find out the implications of land tenure concerning agricultural households on food sufficiency. The sampled area of study was one ward each from two VDCs, one from the tarai, where sharecropping is practiced, and the other from the hills, where there is prevalence of owner cultivation, of Dang District. The research was designed basically following a qualitative approach in which proportionate samples from each representative area were interviewed using schedules constituting a total sample size of 50. Basic tools used for collection of data were household questionnaire, participant observation method, transact walk, and focused group discussion. The major findings of the study were that even though secure land tenure affects the household food sufficiency in a number of ways, unless the secured land is productive enough or sufficient environment to make it productive is created, land tenure issue alone would address the issue of food security to a much lesser degree. Family size, land size, type of land and type of tenure were the major factors governing land tenure such that these were found to have a tremendous impact in household food sufficiency. Bigger family size with less economically active population working in big rented in land without irrigation would not result in better yield. For increased productivity and production, all of the major factors governing land tenure system must be balanced such that this study concluded that bigger family size alone does not lead to food sufficiency nor does bigger land size alone. In addition, type of tenancy and type of land also does determine the household food sufficiency in a more generic way. The findings from this research led to the calculation of per capita requirement of land which would ultimately lead to food sufficiency. Finally, it is recommended that for effectiveness of land reform, which is the ultimate step for development for a country like Nepal, these four major factors be considered and issues and challenges facing it be addressed before deciding to distribute land or doing any policy changes. Tenurial security of rented in land as well as increasing productivity and production of the used land must also be focused.