Malaria Indicator Survey 2023
Rwanda, 2023
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RWA_2023_MIS_v01_M
Malaria Indicator Survey 2023
MIS 2023
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Rwanda | RWA |
Demographic and Health Survey [hh/dhs]
The primary objective of the 2023 RMIS was to provide up-to-date estimates of basic demographic and health indicators related to malaria. Specifically, the survey collected information on vector control interventions such as mosquito nets, care seeking for and treatment of fever in children, and exposure to messages on malaria. Also, all household members, including young children and pregnant women, were tested for malaria infection.
The information collected through the 2023 RMIS is intended to assist policymakers and program managers in designing and evaluating programs and strategies for improving the health of the country’s population.
Sample survey data [ssd]
- Household
- Individual
- Children age 0-5
- Woman age 15-49
Version
The data dictionary was generated from hierarchical data that was downloaded from the The DHS Program website (http://dhsprogram.com).
- Contract Phase: DHS-8
- Recode Structure: DHS-8
Scope
The 2023 Rwanda Malaria Indicator Survey covered the following topics:
HOUSEHOLD
- Identification
- Usual members and visitors in the selected households
- Background information on each person listed, such as relationship to head of the household, age, sex, and marital status.
- Characteristics of the household's dwelling unit, such as the source of drinking water and where it is located, type of toilet facilities and where it is located, type of fuel used for cooking, number of rooms, ownership of livestock, possessions of durable goods, and main material for the floor, roof and walls of the dwelling.
- Mosquito nets
WOMAN
- Identification
- Background characteristics (including age, education, and media exposure)
- Reproduction
- Pregnancy and intermittent preventive treatment
- Fever in children
- Malaria knowledge and beliefs
BIOMARKER
- Identification
- Malaria testing for children age 6 months to 14 years
- Malaria test for adults age 15 and above
Coverage
National coverage
The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents), all women aged 15-49, and all children aged 0-4 resident in the household.
Producers and sponsors
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Malaria and Other Parasitic Diseases Division (MOPDD) | Government of Rwanda |
| National Institute of Statistics (NISR) | Government of Rwanda |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| ICF | The DHS Program | Provided technical assistance through The DHS Program |
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Government of Rwanda | Govt. RWA | Financial support |
| United States Agency for International Development | USAID | Financial support |
| U.S. President’s Malaria Initiative | PMI | Financial support |
| Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria | GFATM | Financial support |
Sampling
The RMIS followed a two-stage sample design and was intended to allow estimates of key indicators for the following domains:
- National level
- Urban and rural areas
- Provincial and district levels: Kigali (Nyarugenge, Gasabo, Kicukiro), South (Nyanza, Gisagara, Nyaruguru, Huye, Nyamagabe, Ruhango, Muhanga, Kamonyi), West (Karongi, Rutsiro, Rubavu, Nyabihu, Ngororero, Rusizi, Nyamasheke), North (Rulindo, Gakenke, Musanze, Burera, Gicumbi), and East (Rwamagana, Nyagatare, Gatsibo, Kayonza, Kirehe, Ngoma, Bugesera)
The first stage involved selecting sample points (clusters) consisting of enumeration areas (EAs) delineated within the master sampling frame provided by NISR. A total of 170 clusters were randomly selected using probability proportional to size. Of these clusters, 55 were in urban areas and 115 in rural areas.
In the second stage, 30 households per cluster were systematically selected, resulting in a total sample size of 5,100 households.
For additional information regarding the sample procedure, please consult Sample Design section of the final survey report.
A total of 5,100 households were selected for the survey, of which 5,099 were occupied and 5,098 were successfully interviewed, yielding a response rate of nearly 100%. In the interviewed households, 5,144 women age 15–49 were identified for individual interviews. Interviews were completed with 5,131 women, yielding a response rate of more than 99%.
Survey instrument
The 2023 RMIS used three questionnaires: the Household Questionnaire, the Woman’s Questionnaire, and the Biomarker Questionnaire. The questionnaires were based on The DHS Program’s model questionnaires and were adapted to reflect the population and health issues relevant to Rwanda. The Household and Woman’s Questionnaires were programed into tablet computers to allow for computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) for data collection purposes. The survey protocol was reviewed and approved by the Rwanda National Ethical Committee (RNEC) and the ICF Institutional Review Board.
Data collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2023-10-16 | 2023-12-31 |
- Face-to-face computer-assisted interviews [capi]
| Name | Affiliation | Abbreviation |
|---|---|---|
| National Institute of Statistics | Government of Rwanda | NISR |
Fieldwork began on October 16, 2023. Fieldworkers were grouped into 15 teams, each consisting of one supervisor, two biomarker technicians, and two female interviewers. Each team was responsible for collecting data in two districts. Over the course of data collection, field teams were closely monitored by MOPDD coordinators including two biomarker coordinators. Data were transferred daily to the National Data Centre using the CSWeb platform. The SyncCloud system was used to generate field check tables from the team supervisor tablets, and these data were made available to both MOPDD and ICF for fieldwork monitoring. Data collection was completed on December 31, 2023.
Data processing
Secondary editing of the 2023 RMIS data commenced in February 2024, with the MOPDD IT supervisor overseeing the process. This phase included identifying and resolving inconsistencies, addressing incomplete responses, detecting outliers, and coding open-ended questions using CSPro software. After ensuring data quality, all personally identifiable information was removed, and both electronic and printed materials related to the editing were securely deleted or destroyed. The finalized, anonymized data files were then shared with ICF, and the editing process concluded on February 26, 2024.
Data appraisal
Estimates from the 2023 Rwanda Malaria Indicator Survey (RMIS) are influenced by non-sampling errors (such as mistakes during data collection and processing) and sampling errors (variability from using a sample instead of the whole population). Non-sampling errors are hard to completely avoid or measure, while sampling errors can be statistically evaluated using survey results. The standard error, which measures sampling error, helps determine confidence intervals for population estimates; for instance, a statistic typically falls within plus or minus two times the standard error in 95% of similar samples. Because the 2023 RMIS used a complex, multistage stratified design rather than a simple random sample, advanced methods and SAS software (using the Taylor linearization method) were required to calculate sampling errors.
A more detailed description of estimates of sampling errors are presented in APPENDIX B of the survey report.
Data Quality Tables
- Household age distribution
- Age distribution of eligible and interviewed women
- Age distribution of eligible and interviewed men
- Age displacement at ages 14/15
- Age displacement at ages 49/50
- Completeness of reporting
- Number of enumeration areas completed by month and province
- Positive rapid diagnostic test (RDT) results by month and province
- Concordance and discordance between RDT and microscopy results
- Concordance and discordance between national and external quality control laboratories
See details of the data quality tables in Appendix C of the final report.
Data Access
| Name | URL |
|---|---|
| The DHS Program | https://dhsprogram.com |
Request Dataset Access
The following applies to DHS, MIS, AIS and SPA survey datasets (Surveys, GPS, and HIV).
To request dataset access, you must first be a registered user of the website. You must then create a new research project request. The request must include a project title and a description of the analysis you propose to perform with the data.
The requested data should only be used for the purpose of the research or study. To request the same or different data for another purpose, a new research project request should be submitted. The DHS Program will normally review all data requests within 24 hours (Monday - Friday) and provide notification if access has been granted or additional project information is needed before access can be granted.
DATASET ACCESS APPROVAL PROCESS
Access to DHS, MIS, AIS and SPA survey datasets (Surveys, HIV, and GPS) is requested and granted by country. This means that when approved, full access is granted to all unrestricted survey datasets for that country. Access to HIV and GIS datasets requires an online acknowledgment of the conditions of use.
Required Information
A dataset request must include contact information, a research project title, and a description of the analysis you propose to perform with the data.
Restricted Datasets
A few datasets are restricted and these are noted. Access to restricted datasets is requested online as with other datasets. An additional consent form is required for some datasets, and the form will be emailed to you upon authorization of your account. For other restricted surveys, permission must be granted by the appropriate implementing organizations, before The DHS Program can grant access. You will be emailed the information for contacting the implementing organizations. A few restricted surveys are authorized directly within The DHS Program, upon receipt of an email request.
When The DHS Program receives authorization from the appropriate organizations, the user will be contacted, and the datasets made available by secure FTP.
GPS/HIV Datasets/Other Biomarkers
Because of the sensitive nature of GPS, HIV and other biomarkers datasets, permission to access these datasets requires that you accept a Terms of Use Statement. After selecting GPS/HIV/Other Biomarkers datasets, the user is presented with a consent form which should be signed electronically by entering the password for the user's account.
Dataset Terms of Use
Once downloaded, the datasets must not be passed on to other researchers without the written consent of The DHS Program. All reports and publications based on the requested data must be sent to The DHS Program Data Archive in a Portable Document Format (pdf) or a printed hard copy.
Download Datasets
Datasets are made available for download by survey. You will be presented with a list of surveys for which you have been granted dataset access. After selecting a survey, a list of all available datasets for that survey will be displayed, including all survey, GPS, and HIV data files. However, only data types for which you have been granted access will be accessible. To download, simply click on the files that you wish to download and a "File Download" prompt will guide you through the remaining steps.
Recommended citations are available at https://www.dhsprogram.com/publications/Recommended-Citations.cfm
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Information about The DHS Program | The DHS Program | reports@DHSprogram.com | https://dhsprogram.com |
| General Inquiries | The DHS Program | info@dhsprogram.com | https://dhsprogram.com |
| Data and Data Related Resources | The DHS Program | archive@dhsprogram.com | https://dhsprogram.com |
Metadata production
DDI_RWA_2023_MIS_v01_M
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Development Data Group | DECDG | World Bank Group | Documentation of the survey |
2026-05-06T04:00:00.000Z
Metadata version
Version 01 (May 2026). Metadata is excerpted from "Rwanda Malaria Indicator Survey 2023" final report.