Interviewer instructions
Economic Activity: For Persons 12 Years and Over
P- 21 Employment status
22. This question is to be asked only of those persons for whom
P - 20 is 1,2 or 3 i.e those who are working. Enter the appropriate code in the box provided.
23. By employment status we mean that a person is self-employed, employs others, is employed by someone or works on the family farm in the family business without actually being paid. All these terms will be further explained below.
24. The employment status will be determined by the status of the person during the reference period. If a person worked on more than one job during the reference period, then the employment status of that person will be determined according to the job on which he/she. spent more time. For example, if a person was employed in a garage as a mechanic for 7 months (as an employee), but drove his own car as a taxi driver (self employed) for 5 months, then he will be classified as an employee. If he was an employee in the garage for 6 months and drove the taxi for 6 months i.e. the time spent in different jobs being the same, then you will determine his status on the basis of the job from which he received more income.
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Employer (Code 1)
25. An employer is a person who, while himself working in his own business or farm, also employs other persons to assist him and pays those people wages or salaries in cash or kind. For such a person code 1 is to be entered in the employment status box (P-21).
Examples:
a. A farmer who employs a tractor driver, a farm hand, etc.
b. A carpenter who runs his own workshop and employs others as carpenters, helpers, etc.
c. A garage owner who employs mechanics in his workshop;
d. A shop owner who employs shop assistants, salesmen, stock attendants, truck drivers, cashiers, etc.
e. A butchery owner who employs others as butchers, cleaners, etc.
f. A factory owner who employs factory workers, a foreman, a manager, mechanics, an accountant, etc.
g. A taxi owner who employs drivers to run his taxis;
h. A cinema owner who employs other people to run the cinema, as gate-keepers, projectionist, cleaners, etc.
i. A restaurant owner who employs cooks, bar attendants, pick-up van driver, cashier, etc.
26. A person who is assisted by his own family members whom he does not pay any wages or salaries is not an employer as his family members are unpaid family workers. He is to be classfied as 'self-employed'. On the other hand, if he pays wages or salary to his own family member(s) who runs his business then he is an employer and his family member(s) will be classified as an employee(s).
27. Only those employing others help to run their business or farm will be classified as employers. Those employing domestic servants or security guards, etc., for looking after their household properties are not to be classified as employers unless they also employ someone for the sake of their business operations. Do not classify salaried managers of large companies which they do not own as employers. Similarly personnel officers and other senior officials of companies, parastatal organisations and Government departments are themselves employees who get salaries. Since they do not own the companies; etc., they are not to be classified as employers.
Employee-Wage and Salary Earner (code 2)
28. Enter code 2 in the box provided for persons who worked for others for a was or salary which may be paid to them in cash or kind or partly in cash and partly in kind. Salesmen who worked for commision are also to be classified as employees.
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Examples of Employees:
A shop assistant;
A bartender (not the bar owner);
A carpenter working for a contractor;
A miner;
A domestic servant, cook, gardener, security guards, etc.;
A manager of a firm;
A mechanic working for pay in a garage,
Note:
i. All Government workers and employees of parastatal and private organisations from an Orderly right up to Secretary to the Cabinet, Managing Directors, etc., art, employees.
ii. All full-time UNIP officials such as Members of the Central Committee, Provinceal Political Secretaries, District Governors, etc., will be trate as employees and given code 2.
iii. Ministers and other Members of Parliament having public funds as their main source of income will be considered as employees. Similarly, chairmen of Service Commissions, and Chairmen of Parastatal Organisations will be treated as employees and will be given code 2.
Self-employed (code 3)
29.Those persons Who 5re not working for others for a wage or salary but run their own businesses, factories, workshops, farms, and also do not employ others in their establishment are classified as self-employed and will be given code 3 under the Employment Status column. Ordinarily such persons will have their own place of business and determine their own hours of work and work programme. These persons may do other people's work by fixing an hourly rate or on the basis of the job itself. These could be partners.
30. The fact that members of a person's household may assist him in his work without receiving any remuneration does not alter his employment status as 'self-employed' because he is not employing them. However, if he pays wages or a salary to any member of his household, in that case he is employing that member and this relationship (employer/employee) will then be recorded.
Examples:
i. A subsistence farmer, who does not employ outside labour in his farm except unpaid family workers, will be treated as self-employed.
ii. An owner of a small family store run by him is a self-employed person.
iii. A woman marketeer or a street vendor is a self-employed person.
iv. A car mechanic running a small repair business on his own is self-employed.
v. An owner of a small tea-shop or kiosk which he runs himself or with the help of his (unpaid) family members is a self employed person.
vi. A cobbler or a carpenter running repair business without the help of others is self-employed.
vii. A tailor doing his business with no outside helper is self-employed
viii. A contractor doing odd job repairs on his own is self-employed.
Unpaid (code 4)
31. Enter code 4 for persons who normally assist in the family business or farm, but do not receive any pay or profit for the work so performed.
