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Women’s Labor Force Participation in Nepal 2023: An Exploration of The Role of Social Norms

Nepal, 2023
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Reference ID
NPL_2023_WLFP_v01_M
Producer(s)
World Bank
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Created on
Jun 06, 2024
Last modified
Jun 06, 2024
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Data file: npl_sn_regress.dta

Individual level data

Cases: 2000
Variables: 484

Variables

ID_HH
Unique HH identifier
ID
Unique individual identifier
quota
Target category of respondent
couple
Identifier for couples: 1 if respondent is part of a couple interviewed
ecological_zone
Ecological zone
province
Province
district
District
cityORmunicipality
City OR Municipality
locality
Locality - urban or rural
PSU
Ward number
gender
Gender
age
Age of self, in years
age_cat
Age groups - self , in years
religion_female
Religion
religion_male
Religion
religion_family
Religion
ethnicity
Aggregate ethnicities
hh_head_status
Head of HH status
hh_members
Total number of HH members
hh_minors
Total number of minors (under 18 years)
hh_seniors
Total number seniors (above 60 years)
hh_disabled
Total number of disabled HH members
hh_migrants
Total number of HH members currently migrated, thus not included in hh_members
education
Highest level of education - self
migrationstatus_male_self
Migration status of self, male
migrationstatus_spouse
Status of husband's migration, reported by female
migrantspouse_workdesc_NSIC
NSIC codes for migrantspouse_workdesc
migrantspouse_workdesc_NSCO
NSCO codes for migrantspouse_workdesc
migrantspouse_age
Migrant husband's age
migrantspouse_age_cat
Migrant husband's age group
migrantspouse_education
Migrant husband's highest education level
migrantspouse_location
Migrant husband's location (city/municipality/country) of migration
migrantspouse_country
Migrant husband's country of migration
migrantspouse_reason
Migrant husband's reason for migration
migrantspouse_workdesc
Migrant husband's description of work
migrantspouse_workdesc_NSCO_agg
Aggregated NSCO codes for migrantspouse_workdesc
migrantspouse_workdesc_NSIC_agg
Aggregated NSIC codes for migrantspouse_workdesc
work_30days
Work last 30 days
work_7days
Work last 7 days
paidwork_30days
Paid work last 30 days, if work_30days == 1
paidwork_7days
Paid work last 7 days, if work_7days == 1
work_ever
Ever work, if work_30days == 0
paidwork_ever
Ever paid work, if work_ever == 1
paidwork_lastjob
Paid work last job held, if paidwork_ever == 1
current_work_status
Current working status of respondent
work_type
Type of work in which respondent is/was engaged
work_location
Location of current or last job held
work_travelmode
Mode of travel to current or last job held
work_desc
Description of work in which respondent is/was engaged
work_desc_NSIC
NSIC codes for work_desc
work_desc_NSCO
NSCO codes for work_desc
work_agreement
Type of work agreement
work_agreement_dur
Duration of work agreement
work_emp_ss
Current or last employer contributing to social security on respondent's behalf
work_sickleave
Paid sick leave or compensation in case of illness or injury
work_search_method
Method used to find current or last job held
work_dur_exp
Anticipated months in current job
work_hotel
Indicator for respodents working in the hotels or related occupations/sectors
work_hotel_fem
Indicator for females working in the hotels or related occupations/sectors
work_desc_NSCO_agg
Aggregated NSCO codes for work_desc
work_desc_NSIC_agg
Aggregated NSIC codes for work_desc
work_agri
Works in Agriculture, forestry and fishing based on work_desc_NSIC_agg
work_sector
Sector of employer of current or last job, if not self-employed or in the army
work_femaleper
Percentage of females at current workplace or at last job held
work_duration
Number of months working in current job
work_duration_cat
Categories of number of years working in current job
work_inside
Dummy for working at home or structure attached to home
work_travelmode_safe
Feel safe using it
work_travelmode_avail
Only available option
work_travelmode_fampref
Family prefers I use this
work_travelmode_conv
Convenient access
work_travelmode_afford
Affordable
work_commute_time
One way commute to current or last job held, in mins
work_search_dur
Number of weeks to find current or last job held
work_search_dur_cat
Categories of time taken to find current or last job held
work_hours_weekly
Number of hours of work in typical week for current or last job held
work_inc_type
Income in last 30 days or monthly from last job earned in cash or kind
work_inc_amt
Gross income in last 30 days or monthly from last job, NPR (if paid in cash)
work_inc_chng
Monthly income change during current or last job, NPR (if paid in cash)
work_dur_exp_cat
Categories of anticipated years in current job
work_search_dur_exp
Estimated time to find job for work_ever==1, in weeks
work_search_dur_exp_cat
Categories of estimated time to find job for work_ever==1
work_search_dur_exp2
Estimated time to find job for work_30days==no, in weeks
work_search_dur_exp2_cat
Categories of estimated time to find job for work_30days==no
earn_inc_d_f
Earned income Y/N, reported by female
earn_inc_d_m
Earned income Y/N, reported by male
intrem_inc_d_f
International remittances Y/N, reported by female
intrem_inc_d_m
International remittances Y/N, reported by male
domrem_inc_d_f
Domestic remittances Y/N, reported by female
domrem_inc_d_m
Domestic remittances Y/N, reported by male
transf_inc_d_f
Other transfers from family or friends Y/N, reported by female
transf_inc_d_m
Other transfers from family or friends Y/N, reported by male
safety_inc_d_f
Safety nets Y/N, reported by female
safety_inc_d_m
Safety nets Y/N, reported by male
savass_inc_d_f
Savings or selling assets Y/N, reported by female
savass_inc_d_m
Savings or selling assets Y/N, reported by male
loan_inc_d_f
Loan Y/N, reported by female
loan_inc_d_m
Loan Y/N, reported by male
earn_inc_f
Earned income amount, reported by female
earn_inc_m
Earned income amount, reported by male
intrem_inc_f
International remittances amount, reported by female
intrem_inc_m
International remittances amount, reported by male
domrem_inc_f
Domestic remittances amount, reported by female
domrem_inc_m
Domestic remittances amount, reported by male
transf_inc_f
Other transfers from family or friends amount, reported by female
transf_inc_m
Other transfers from family or friends amount, reported by male
safety_inc_f
Safety nets amount, reported by female
safety_inc_m
Safety nets amount, reported by male
savass_inc_f
Savings or selling assets amount, reported by female
savass_inc_m
Savings or selling assets amount, reported by male
loan_inc_f
Loan amount, reported by female
loan_inc_m
Loan amount, reported by male
tot_inc_f
Total income of HH reported by female
tot_inc_m
Total income of HH reported by male
chcare_inlaws_f
Childcare - In-laws
chcare_spouse_f
Childcare - Spouse
chcare_sib_f
Childcare - Siblings
chcare_fam_f
Childcare - Other family
chcare_workp_f
Childcare - Workplace-provided
chcare_worknp_f
Childcare - Workplace but not provided
chcare_center_f
Childcare - Daycare centers
chcare_neig_f
Childcare - Neighbors, friends
chcare_babysit_f
Childcare - Paid babysitter
chcare_spouse_m
Childcare - My wife
chcare_parents_m
Childcare - My parents
chcare_sib_m
Childcare - Older Siblings
chcare_fam_m
Childcare - Other family
chcare_workp_m
Childcare - Workplace-provided
chcare_workpw_m
Childcare - Wife's Workplace-provided
chcare_worknp_m
Childcare - Workplace-not provided
chcare_worknpw_m
Childcare - Wife's workplace-not provided
chcare_center_m
Childcare - Daycare centers
chcare_neig_m
Childcare - Neighbors, friends
chcare_babysit_m
Childcare - Paid babysitter
chcare_r_noop
Reason no non-fam option chcare: none available
chcare_r_trust
Reason no non-fam option chcare: no trust
chcare_r_pay
Reason no non-fam option chcare: not willing to pay
chcare_r_qual
Reason no non-fam option chcare: poor perceived quality
chcare_avail_inlaws
Childcare option - In-laws
chcare_avail_sib
Childcare option - Siblings
chcare_avail_fam
Childcare option - Family
chcare_avail_workp
Childcare option - Workplace provided
chcare_avail_center
Childcare option - Daycare centers
chcare_avail_neig
Childcare option - Neighbors, friends
chcare_avail_babysit
Childcare option - Paid babysitter
chcare_na_f
Chilcare - child not young/no child
chcare_na_m
Chilcare - child not young/no child
chores_help_moth
Help w/ HH chores when working: MIL or mother
chores_help_fath
Help w/ HH chores when working: FIL or father
chores_help_spouse
Help w/ HH chores when working: spouse
chores_help_sis
Help w/ HH chores when working: SIL or sister
chores_help_hire
Help w/ HH chores when working: hired help
chores_help_son
Help w/ HH chores when working: son
chores_help_dghter
Help w/ HH chores when working: DIL or daughter
chores_help_none
Help w/ HH chores when working: no one but self
chores_help_bro
Help w/ HH chores when working: brother
chores_help_othf
Help w/ HH chores when working: other females
r_nowork_des
No desire to work
r_nowork_old
Retired or too old
r_nowork_ill
Illness, injury or disability (long-term or temp)
r_nowork_educ
Currently (or start soon) studying or upgrading qual
r_nowork_chil
Childcare, no other options I trust
r_nowork_eld
Eldercare
r_nowork_chore
HH chores, no one to take over
r_nowork_supp
No support from family
r_nowork_avail
No suitable jobs available
r_nowork_fin
No financial need
r_nowork_mig
Want to migrate abroad for work
r_nowork_other
Other reasons
jobopp_incity
Take job if available in city/village
jobopp_outcity
Take job if available outside city/village but in NPL
jobopp_minsal
If willing to take up job, least salary expected per month (NPR)
year_stopwork
Year of stopping work, if not currently working but worked earlier
r_quitwork_fire
Laid off/fired
r_quitwork_marr
Got married
r_quitwork_chil
Had child(ren)
r_quitwork_old
Retired or too old
r_quitwork_ill
Illness, injury or disability (long-term or temp)
r_quitwork_educ
Studying or upgrading qual
r_quitwork_chore
Juggling HH chores and work was too much
r_quitwork_care
Juggling care and work was too much
r_quitwork_supp
No support from family
r_quitwork_des
No desire to work
r_quitwork_avail
Could not find suitable job
r_quitwork_mig
Wanted to migrate abroad for work
employees_ft_num
Number of full-time employees (ex. self), if employer
employees_pt_num
Number of part-time employees (ex. self), if employer
employees_f_per
Percentage of female employees, if employer
entrp_enab_capital
Start-up capital from family/friends/savings
entrp_enab_loan
Start-up capital/operation costs from loan
entrp_enab_training
Apt training - entrepreneurship & comms skills
entrp_enab_famsupp
Family supported/encouraged
entrp_enab_chcare
Had options for childcare
entrp_enab_elcare
Eldercare not sole responsibility
entrp_enab_chore
Help with HH chores
entrp_enab_aspire
Aspiration to be an entrepreneur
entrp_enab_avail
Need due to suitable jobs not available
entrp_govsupp_des
Desired support from govt. for business, if employer
entrp_govsupp_des_cat
Categories for desired support from govt. for business, if employer
entrp_des
Desire to start business, if not self-employed or work_30days==no
entrp_des_activity
Activity, sector of desired business, if not self-employed or work_30days==no
entrp_des_activity_NSIC
NSIC codes for entrp_des_activity
entrp_des_activity_NSCO
NSCO codes for entrp_des_activity
entrp_des_barr_capital
Start-up capital not easily available
entrp_des_barr_skill
Lack necessary entrepreneurship skills
entrp_des_barr_famsupp
Lack family support
entrp_des_barr_chcare
Majorly responsible for childcare
entrp_des_barr_elcare
Majorly responsible for eldercare
entrp_des_barr_chore
No help with HH chores
entrp_des_activity_NSCO_agg
Aggregated NSCO codes for entrp_des_activity
entrp_des_activity_NSIC_agg
Aggregated NSIC codes for work_desc
paidjob_f_avail
Paid jobs available for women in city/village
paidjob_f_avail_NSIC1
NSIC codes for paidjob_f_avail
paidjob_f_avail_NSCO1
NSCO codes for paidjob_f_avail
paidjob_f_avail_NSIC2
NSIC codes for paidjob_f_avail
paidjob_f_avail_NSCO2
NSCO codes for paidjob_f_avail
paidjob_f_avail_NSIC3
NSIC codes for paidjob_f_avail
paidjob_f_avail_NSCO3
NSCO codes for paidjob_f_avail
paidjob_f_avail_NSIC4
NSIC codes for paidjob_f_avail
paidjob_f_avail_NSCO4
NSCO codes for paidjob_f_avail
paidjob_f_avail_NSIC5
NSIC codes for paidjob_f_avail
paidjob_f_avail_NSCO5
NSCO codes for paidjob_f_avail
paidjob_f_avail_NSCO1_agg
Aggregated NSCO codes for work_desc
paidjob_f_avail_NSCO2_agg
Aggregated NSCO codes for work_desc
paidjob_f_avail_NSCO3_agg
Aggregated NSCO codes for work_desc
paidjob_f_avail_NSCO4_agg
Aggregated NSCO codes for work_desc
paidjob_f_avail_NSCO5_agg
Aggregated NSCO codes for work_desc
paidjob_f_avail_NSIC1_agg
Aggregated NSIC codes for work_desc
paidjob_f_avail_NSIC2_agg
Aggregated NSIC codes for work_desc
paidjob_f_avail_NSIC3_agg
Aggregated NSIC codes for work_desc
paidjob_f_avail_NSIC4_agg
Aggregated NSIC codes for work_desc
paidjob_f_avail_NSIC5_agg
Aggregated NSIC codes for work_desc
job_srch_res_network
Friends, teachers, family, other networks
job_srch_res_online
Social media or websites such as job portals
job_srch_res_agent
Job agencies/employment office
job_srch_res_fambus
Own or family business
job_srch_res_news
Newspaper
job_srch_res_govt
ESCs MoLESS or other govt. office
job_srch_portal1
Job portals of websites respodent is aware of
job_srch_portal2
Job portals of websites respodent is aware of
job_srch_portal3
Job portals of websites respodent is aware of
job_srch_portal4
Job portals of websites respodent is aware of
v_mig_city
Migration vignette - city
v_mig_abroad
Migration vignette - abroad
v_mig_base
Migration vignette - base
v_mig_bc
migratnion vignette city compared to base scenario
v_mig_ba
migratnion vignette abroad compared to base scenario
v_work_ll
Empirical-Normative vignette - Low-Low
v_work_lh
Empirical-Normative vignette - Low-High
v_work_hl
Empirical-Normative vignette - High-Low
v_work_hh
Empirical-Normative vignette - High-High
res_type_norms
Respondent type for specific norms'questions - check var
le_o_spouse
Spouse has opinion - Life events
le_oe_spouse
Spouse opinion extent - Life events
le_o_hhfam
Other HH members have opinion - Life events
le_oe_hhfam
Other HH members opinion extent - Life events
le_o_othfam
Non-HH family has opinion - Life events
le_oe_othfam
Non-HH family opinion extent - Life events
le_oef_othfam
Non-HH family's opinion extent to fam - Life events
le_o_comm
Community has opinion - Life events
le_oe_comm
Community opinion extent - Life events
le_oef_comm
Community opinion extent to family - Life events
le_om_spouse
Spouse's opinion matters - Life events
le_om_hhfam
Other HH members' opinion matters - Life events
le_om_othfam
Non-HH family's opinion matters - Life events
le_om_comm
Community opinion matter - Life events
le_omf_othfam
Non-HH family's opinion matters to fam - Life events
le_omf_comm
Community opinion matter to family - Life events
pw_o_spouse
Spouse has opinion - paid work outside
pw_oe_spouse
Spouse's opinion extent - paid work outside
pw_o_hhfam
Other HH members have opinion - paid work outside
pw_oe_hhfam
Other HH members' opinion extent - paid work outside
pw_o_othfam
Non-HH family has opinion - paid work outside
pw_oe_othfam
Non-HH family's opinion extent - paid work outside
pw_oef_othfam
Non-HH family's opinion extent to fam - paid work outside
pw_o_comm
Community has opinion - paid work outside
pw_oe_comm
Community opinion extent - paid work outside
pw_oef_comm
Community opinion matter extent to family - paid work outside
pw_om_spouse
Spouse's opinion matters - paid work outside
pw_om_hhfam
Other HH members' opinion matters - paid work outside
pw_om_othfam
Non-HH family's opinion matters - paid work outside
pw_om_comm
Community opinion matter - paid work outside
pw_omf_othfam
Non-HH family's opinion matters to fam - paid work outside
pw_omf_comm
Community opinion matter to family - paid work outside
M1A
A woman's primary responsibility taking care of hh: IB
M1B
Financially providing solely a man's responsibility: IB
M1C
Women don't/shouldn't work outside: IB
M1D
Women don't/shouldn't go outside unaccompanied: IB
M1G
Women don't/shouldn't leave children: IB
M1H
Women don't/shouldn't work in mixed-gender: IB
M2A
A woman's primary responsibility taking care of hh: PNB
M2B
Financially providing solely a man's responsibility: PNB
M2C
Women don't/shouldn't work outside: PNB
M2D
Women don't/shouldn't go outside unaccompanied: PNB
M2E
Women working outside for pay brings dishonor: PNB
M2F
Women working outside for pay exposes them to harassment: PNB
M2G
Women don't/shouldn't leave children: PNB
M2H
Women don't/shouldn't work in mixed-gender: PNB
M3A
A woman's primary responsibility taking care of hh: SNE
M3B
Financially providing solely a man's responsibility: SNE
Total: 484
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